I. I. EEEIAIEI
Iniaaiiinoe niaa?oaiey anaiiuiiai aaeaiey a iiianou?yo nayoie Ai?u Aoii
Nayoay Ai?a Aoii caieiaao eneeth/eoaeueiia ianoi a
I?aaineaaiii ie?a. Aoii, eca?aiiue Naiie I?anayoie Aiai?iaeeoeae a
oaeae, ianoi iniaiai iiia/aiey Aiaeeae Iaoa?e, oaea n IX aaea
noaiiaeony e?oiiaeoei aeooiaiui oeaio?ii Aecaioeeneie eiia?ee. N yoiai
a?aiaie e aei naai aeiy, ianiio?y ia iiiai/eneaiiua iaoanoaey
eiiaa?oeaa e aa?aa?ia, Aoii i?iaeieaeaao auoue aaeeinoaaiiui a
ie?a ianoii, aaea ninouanoaotho, nio?aiyy e ?acaeaay naie
o?aaeeoeee (a oii /enea e eeoo?ae/aneea), ianeieueei iai?aaeaiee
ainoi/iiai i?aaineaaiiai iiiaoanoaa.
Ia?auie ianaeueieeaie Nayoie Ai?u auee iooaeueieee,
ciaiaieoua iiaeaeaeieee aaeiaoneeo, ne?eeneeo e iaeanoeineeo
iiianou?ae e neeoia, eioi?ua inoaaeee naie iaeoaee, nianaynue io
iaoanoaey a?aaia. Ian/anoiua ecaiaiieee ouny/aie ?eioeenue a
Eiinoaioeiiiieue, i?iny caueou o eiia?aoi?a. A 680 aiaeo
eiia?aoi? Eiinoaioei Iiaiiao naiei o?eciaoeii (oeacii) ioaae ei aeey
aeeoaeuenoaa oaaeeiaiiue Aoiineee iieoino?ia e oai aea oeacii
cae?aiee ca iiiaoaie i?aai aa/iiai aeaaeaiey Nayoie Aoiineie
Ai?ie. Iiyoiio e aiaineoaeaiea ia Aoiia aieioue aei O aaea
niaa?oaeinue ii ?acee/iui neeoneei onoaaai, i?eiyoui o iaeanoeineeo
eaeeeioia. Oaeie ii?yaeie nio?aiyeny aua aeieaia a?aiy iinea iniiaaiey
ia?auo iiianou?ae. Yoi aeaeii ec oiai, /oi EeaaiIa/a?neee eaoiai
Aeineoae a XIII aaea caeinoaiaae ia Aoiia onoaa eaeaeiiai i?aaeea,
a ieo?iiieeo Eei?eai (1390-1406) a naiae ?aaeaeoeee Inaeoe?e
aieueoia ianoi ioaae aoiineei iniaaiiinoyi eaeaeiiai niaa?oaiey
nooi/iiai aiaineoaeaiey. E yoiio aea a?aiaie (XIII a.) ioiineony
Oeiee, eee Onoaa, Ea?aeneie eaeeee, ninoaaeaiiue nayoui Naaaie
Na?aneei aeiy iiiaoa, aeeaouaai a ono?iaiiie ei aaciieaieoea,
iieo/eaoae ionthaea iacaaiea “oeieea?ieoea”. Ii?yaeie neoaea ii
yoiio Onoaao aeecie e iau/iiio, n oie eeoue ?acieoeae, /oi
aaeaaeiaaii aeieaeia auoue i?i/eouaaaia any Inaeoe?ue; eaoeciu, ia
aioaaeoea a ninoaa aiaineoaeaiee nooi/iiai e?oaa, aeieaeiu
i?i/eouaaoueny a i?iiaaeooea iaaeaeo ieie. Ia oo?aie, 3-i, 6-i e 9-i
/anao a i?iaeieaeaiea anaai aiaea /eoaaony ii o?e eaoeciu. A noaaioo
aa/a?ii niaa?oaaony anaiiuiay iniaiai ninoaaa: O?enayoia, inaeii
50, eaiii, /oaiea ec Aaaiaaeey, iinea Oanoiinaeiey – o?e-/aou?a
eaoeciu. Aeaeaa neoaeaa eaeao iau/iui ii?yaeeii, ii aeaeaeneea ianie
noeoineiayony ioaeaeueii, e oaea ca ieie neaaeoao eaiii aine?aniue
eee nayoiio. Ia Aoiia aea iiyaeeinue “Iinoie/aneia, eee
neeoneia, iineaaeiaaiea”, ninoaaeaiiia a XIV aaea iiiaoii
Oaiaeoeii Oeea?ith. Yoi iineaaeiaaiea auei ia?aaaaeaii ia
neaayineee ycue e a 1620 aiaeo ecaeaii a Aeeueia a?oeiaiae?eoii Eaiioeai
Ea?iiae/ai.
Ea?onaeeineee onoaa aioae a oiio?aaeaiea ia Aoiia a ia?eiae
aai iianaianoiiai ?ani?ino?aiaiey ia I?aaineaaiii Ainoiea,
eiaaea aiaineoaeaaiua iniaaiiinoe iaeanoeineeo iiianou?ae onooieee
a iai ianoi ii?yaeeai, neiaeeaoeiny iiae aeeyieai eeoo?ae/aneeo
o?aaeeoeee Eiinoaioeiiiiey. Ia I?aaineaaiii Ainoiea a oeaeii a
oneiaeyo oo?aoeeiai caaiaaaiey Ea?onaeeineee onoaa aue iiaeaa?aioo
na?ueaciui nie?auaieyi, /oi a eiioea eiioeia i?eaaei e i?eiyoeth
Eiinoaioeiiiieueneiai onoaaa 1838 aiaea. Aoii aea ia oieueei nio?aiee
Ea?onaeeineee onoaa, ii e cia/eoaeueii iaiaaoee aai aiaineoaeaaiuie
o?aaeeoeeyie ?acee/iuo iiianou?ae. Iiyoiio a nia?aiaiiie
aiaineoaeaaiie i?aeoeea nayoiai?oeu eaii?e?otho ia/aoiua ecaeaiey
Ea?onaeeineiai onoaaa (1545, 1577 aa. e o. ae.), ii eaaeaeue
iiianou?ue iieuecoaony eneeth/eoaeueii naiei ?oeiieniui oeieeiiii.
Yoi ianoiyoaeuenoai aeaei iiaiae i?ioanni?o A. A.
Aeieo?eaaneiio, caia/aoaeueiiio ?onneiio eeoo?aenoo e
iiiaie?aoiiio iaeiiieeo ia Nayooth Ai?o, aiai?eoue i
Nayoiai?neii onoaaa.
Ii Aeieo?eaaneiio, Nayoiai?neee onoaa, aicieeoee ec iienaiee
ianoiuo iiianou?neeo iau/aaa, nouanoaiaae oaea a XI aaea. I?e yoii
ii nnueaaony ia Ieeiia *a?iiai?oea, ecaanoiiai eeoo?aenoa oiai a?aiaie,
eioi?ue a naieo Iaiaeaeoao e Oaeoeeiia iieuecoaony onoaaii
Nayoiai?neei ia?aaia ni nieneaie Ea?onaeeineiai e Nooaeeeneiai
onoaaia. Aiai?y i ?acaeoee Nayoiai?neiai onoaaa, Aeieo?eaaneee
i?eaiaeeo ?oeiieniue oeieeii ec Aaoeeaineie aeaeeioaee, eioi?ue
icaaeaaeai “Oeieeii Eaa?u nayoiai Naaau e Eaa?u nayoiai Aoaianey ia
Aoiia” e aeaoe?oaony 1373 aiaeii.
Ia niiauay ieeaeeo naaaeaiee ia enoi?ee Nayoiai?neiai onoaaa a
XII-XVI aaeao, Aeieo?eaaneee naycuaaao nia?aiaiiue Nayoiai?neee
oeieeii n oeieeiiii Aeeiieneaoneiai iiianou?y, ninoaaeaiiui a 1624
aiaeo iaeei ea?iiiiaoii Eaiaoeai. I?e yoii Aeieo?eaaneee i?eaiaeeo
naeaeaoaeuenoaa nia?aiaiiuo aio aoiineeo oeieea?ae, aiai?yuea i
?ani?ino?aiaiee Aeeiieneaoneiai onoaaa e aaoi?eoaoa, eioi?ui ii
iieuecoaony a nayoiai?neeo iiianou?yo.
Ii i?aaeaea /ai i?enooieoue e iienaieth i?aeoe/aneiai
inouanoaeaiey Nayoiai?neiai oeieeiia, iaiaoiaeeii neacaoue
ianeieueei neia ia ono?ienoaa nayoiai?neeo o?aiia, oae eae aac yoiai
inoaioony iaiiiyoiuie iiiaea iniaaiiinoe niaa?oaiey anaiiuiiai
aaeaiey ia Aoiia. Ieaiu aoiineeo niai?iuo o?aiia eaoieeeiiia i/aiue
noiaee. Eneeth/aiea ninoaaeyao oieueei o?ai I?ioaoa a Ea?aa,
iino?iaiiue ii ia?aco ?aiiao?enoeaineie iaeiiiaoiie aaceeeee.
Inoaeueiua niai?u i?aaenoaaeytho a ieaia ?aaiieiia/iue aecaioeeneee
e?ano, cae?oaeaiiue n ainoi/iie noi?iiu. *anoi e aeoa?iie aineaea
i?eiueatho ii aieai aeeaeiiiee (ni?aaa), neoaeauee o?aieeeuai
nayuaiiuo ninoaeia e ianoii nia?aiey aeeaeiiia ai a?aiy
aiaineoaeaiey, e aea?oaaiiee (neaaa).
A oeaio?a aeoa?y noieo i?anoie, iaae eioi?ui aicauoaaony naiue,
eee eeai?ee, n aeaaith ia /aou?ao oiieeo noieaao. Iiae iei aeneo
aea?iiineoea a?oioi?ee a aeaea aieoay eee iaaieueoie oea?eiaee.
Ca i?anoieii noieo aieueoie e?ano; eae i?aaeei – yoi iaeei ec eoeoi?neeo
aeeaaeia a iiianou?ue. Naienaa/ieee anoue aeaeaei ia ai anao
o?aiao. Ia ai?iai ianoa noieo eaoaae?a aieneiia eee (eae a I?ioaoneii
o?aia e Aaoiiaaea) /oeiay eeiia Aiaiiaoa?e Aieiaua aineaeu ioaeaeaiu
io aeoa?y caaanaie. Eiaaea ia/eiaaony inayuaiea Nayou: Aea?ia ia
eeoo?aee, eo caaea?aeaatho, eae e caaano Oea?neeo a?ao. A oao o?aiao,
aaea aieiauo aineae iao, caaanu aenyo ia i?ooueyo, i?ioyioouo aie?oa
i?anoiea.
Eeiiinoan nayoiai?neeo o?aiia iaaunieee, /anoi
aeaoouy?oniue. Ii o?aaeeoeee, aai aai/aao e?ano n ?aniyoeai, n
i?aaenoiyueie ii aieai ia?acaie Aiaiiaoa?e e nayoiai Eiaiia
Aiaineiaa. Yoa eiiiiceoeey onoaiaaeeaaaony ia aeaoo
oaioanoe/aneeo eeoao, eneonii au?acaiiuo ec aea?aaa. Aieiau eeoia
niaaeeiaiu, e eo ?ane?uoua ianoe iiaeaea?aeeaatho ?aniyoea, a ia auniei
iiaeiyouo oainoao noiyo a ?aciuo iaaeao ia?acu Aiaiiaoa?e e
nayoiai Eiaiia Aiaineiaa. Ii iauyniaieyi naieo nayoiai?oeaa, yoe
eeou yaeythony neiaiee/aneei iaiiieiaieai i o?aoaeiaaiie nia?oe
Nianeoaey e Aai neaaiii Aine?anaiee ec ia?oauo, i?iia?acii
eioi?iai yaeyaony o?aoaeiaaiia i?aauaaiea i?i?iea Eiiu a eeoiaii /?aaa
(Eii. 2, 1; Io. 12, 40). Iiae eaaeaeie ec eeii a ianoiii /eia, a
oaeaea ia?aae anai” ioaeaeueii noiyueie eeiiaie (a oii /enea e
ianoaiiuie ecia?aaeaieyie O?enoa e Aiaiiaoa?e ia ia?aai?iaeea iaaeaeo
aeaaiie /anoueth o?aia e eeoeeiui i?eoai?ii iiaaoaia iaaieueoay
eeiiea, e eioi?ie i?eeeaaeuaathony iinea neoaeau.
Aicea i?aaie eieiiiu, aeeaea e Oea?neei a?aoai noieo aiaeie,
eiaioaiue i?ineeieoa?eai. Yoio aiaeie naeaeai ec i?aii?a eee
oeaiiiai aea?aaa n eie?onoaoeeae ec ia?eaioo?a, neiiiaie einoe e
/a?aiaoe. Ia iai ai a?aiy i?acaeie/iuo aaeaiee iieaaaaony eeiia
i?acaeieea, a a inoaeueiua aeie -eeiia eoeoi?a iiianou?y eee
i?acaeieea, eioi?iio iinayuaia iaeoaeue.
Ca eaaie eieiiiie onoaiiaeaia eeiia Aiaeeae Iaoa?e,
ii/eoaaiay a iiianou?a, eee aieueoay eeiia n ecia?aaeaieai nayoiai
eoeoi?a iiianou?y, a ca i?aaie, aicea i?ineeieoa?ey, – aieueoay eeiia
nayoiai eee i?acaeieea, eioi?iio iinayuai iiianou?ue. A aieiauo
cae?oaeaieyo onoaiiaeaiu aea?aayiiua oi?iu, eee noaneaeee, aeey
eaaiai e i?aaiai oi?a iaa/eo e ii/aoiuo noa?oeaa. Ai a?aiy
i?acaeie/iuo aaeaiee a noaneaeeyo n i?aaie noi?iiu noiyo
aoaa?iaoi? e i?i/ea i?aaenoaaeoaee naaoneeo aeanoae, a n eaaie
noi?iiu – aeaeaaaou io iiianou?ae e i?i/ea aeooiaiua eeoea, i?eaeaoaiiua
ia i?acaeiee.
Eneeth/aiea ninoaaeyao o?ai I?ioaoa, aaea ana noaneaeee ni?aaa
e neaaa io a?oea?aeneie eaoaae?u eiatho oaaee/ee n iacaaieyie
20-oe nayoiai?neeo iiianou?ae, e eo caieiatho aioei?iniiu, oi
anoue ecae?aaiua io eaaeaeiai iiianou?y i?aaenoaaeoaee a Nayuaiiii
Eeiioa. Eaoiaineoth noaneaeeth caieiaao I?ioaienoao, eee I?io –
i?aaenaaeaoaeue Nayuaiiiai Eeiioa.
Aeeaeaeoea e eeiiinoano noaneaeee caieiatho: oeieea?ue, oae eae
oeieea?ieoea (oeao n aiaineoaeaaiuie eieaaie) iau/ii iaoiaeeony ca
i?aaie ainoi/iie eieiiiie, eioi?ay iiaeaea?aeeaaao eoiie; eaiiia?o e
yeeeenea?oe. N i?aaie noi?iiu, i?e aoiaea ia na?aaeeio o?aia, iiae
?aciie naiueth iaoiaeeony ia aicauoaiee aieneiineay eaoaae?a,
ecaioiaeaiiay iau/ii ec oeaiiuo ii?iae aea?aaa. Ni?aaa io iaa –
noaneaeey eaoiaia, oaeay aea, eae e inoaeueiua, ii n aieaa au/o?iie
?acueaie. A yoie noaneaeee eaoiai noieo a iau/iua aeie eee eiaaea
i?acaeie/iia aiaineoaeaiea aicaeaaeyao a?oea?ae.
Ia eaaie noi?iia o?aia, ia?aeeaeueii ia?aie eaoaae?a,
iaoiaeeony aoi?ay, ianeieueei iaiueoay ii ?acia?o e ne?iiiaa
oe?aoaiiay. Iia eniieuecoaony ?aaeei, i?e neoaeaiee aeaoo
aieneiiia.
Na?aaeeio eoiiea ai anao o?aiao caieiaao oi?in , eioi?iio aeae
iiae?iaiaeoaa iienaiea A. A?eai?iae/-Aa?neee (XVIIIa.). “Oi?in, –
ieoao Aa?neee, – ii-a?a/anee ia /oi eii ciaiaioao, oi/eth eee
oi?aeanoaothueo e /eiii ie?ano noiyueo. Anoue oai nae oi?in iaeee
ia?o/ iaaeiue, ?aaiith ia?ith n aeaaith o?aia niaeaeaiiue,
aanue neaica aeu?ya ecaayiiue, n i?aieaoaieai ?acee/iuo oiiei
ec?uouo oeaaoia, ioeoe e aeeaioiuo, n /anouie i?aaeaeaie i?eia
aeaia-aeaaiuo e iaeeeo e?oaia iaiiaeiaea aaoaiue, aeneo aea ioeaieai e
aue aeaaiie o?aia ia aeaaaeanyoe iiynao, oiathaeaea oooeith e
ooaeiaeanoaii eceeyiiuo… Ie-aeaa aea ia?o/a iiaai oaeiaeaea oiiei
eceeyiiua iaeee aeeneine aee?yaua, iaiiaeiaea ?aoao, eee eaaeeeueieoe
aenyuea, oyaiou ?aaee e i?aaaai aenaiey oi?ina, ieaeaa aea oao aenyo
eenoe oaeeiaua, e?aniou ?aaee; n aa?oo aea ie?ano anaai oi?ina
ianoiyo ia ino?ioao aiae?oaeaiiua naaue iiiae… eaea ieeiaaea ana ia
caiaeythony, oi/eth iaeea ii?aaeaeaiiuy io ieo ia?i/ii caaeeaathony a
aeie i?acaeie/iua… io ieo aea iaoaanaaiu nooue /eneii o?eaeanyo o?e”.
A oeaio?a “iaeeeo e?oaia” naeaeai i?iai (a?ea), a eioi?ii iiaeaaoaia
iaaieueoay eeiia-oaaeaoea n aeaonoi?iiiei iiyniui ecia?aaeaieai
io/aieea eee aiinoiea.
A na?aaeeio oi?ina ec eoiiea nioneaaony ia oeaie
iiiaiy?oniia iaieeaaeeei ni iiiaeanoaii naa/ae. E?iia iaai a o?aia
ii aieai anoue aua /aou?a iaieeaaeeea. Ia?aae e?anoii, aai/athuei
eeiiinoan, aenyo iaaieueoea eaiiaaeu n e?anoii e aeaoiy aunieeie e
oienouie naa/aie. Oaeay aea eaiiaaea aeneo e iaae aeaaiui aoiaeii
a yoo /anoue o?aia, aaea ii iau/ath ecia?aaeaaony Oniaiea Aiaiiaoa?e
eee “Nian Iaae?aiaiiia Iei”.
Iie o?aia auiiuai iicaeeie ec ?aciioeaaoiuo i?aii?iuo ieeo.
Iiae oi?inii, iai?ioea Oea?neeo a?ao, aueiaeaiu ?aciioeaaoiui
i?aii?ii aeaa /aou?aooaieueieea, iaoiaeyueany iaeei a ae?oaii. Iaaeaeo
ieie ia eaaeaeie noi?iia eiaaony ii o?e e?oaa: iaeei a na?aaeeia e
aeaa ii oaeai. Oaeie aea e?oa, aieueoaai ?acia?a, eiaioaiue a
Nayoiai?neii oeieeiia iioaeeii (“ioi”), anoue e a na?aaeeia
/aou?aooaieueieeia. Ia?aaeei a iai iaoiaeeony ?aeueaoiia i?aii?iia
ecia?aaeaiea aeaoaeaaiai i?ea. Ia iaai iau/ii noaaeony aeeneaeeee
– iniaue neeaaeiie aiaeiaee, e oai /eoathony ia?aiee e iieiaeaiiua ca
aaeaieai iio/aiey e neiaena?ue. Aiaeiae/iua i?yiioaieueieee, /ooue
iiiaiueoa, iaoiaeyony ii aieai o?aia. A eo oeaio?a noiyo
ooiau-aiaeiaee, ia eioi?ua iaa/ea eeaaeoo iaiaoiaeeiua eieae.
Yoo oeaio?aeueioth /anoue o?aia, eioi?ay eiaioaony aeaaiui
o?aiii ee?ein iain, ioaeaeyao io neaaeothuae, iacuaaaiie
aioo?aiiei, eee eeoeeiui, i?eoai?ii, eniia?oeen, eee eeoe, noaia,
eioi?ay aeioiaeeo aei a?ie, niaaeeiythueo eieiiiu oeaio?aeueiie
/anoe o?aia n aioo?aiiei i?eoai?ii. A noaia anoue o?e aeaa?e, ec
eioi?uo n?aaeiyy ii ?acia?o e aieueoay caaea?aeaathony caaanie.
Yoe aeaa?e oe?aoaiu oiieie eie?onoaoeeae ec ?acee/iuo ii?iae aea?aaa,
ia?eaioo?a e /a?aiaoe e iioiio iacuaathony e?aniuie, i?ay. Ii
noi?iiai e?aniuo a?ao ia noaia ecia?aaeathony O?enoin e Aiaiiaoa?ue,
eae e a eeiiinoana. Aoiaeyo a o?ai iau/ii aieiauie a?aoaie, a ia
e?aniuie, eioi?ua ioe?uaathony oieueei ai a?aiy i?acaeie/iuo
aiaineoaeaiee. Ii noi?iiai aioo?aiiaai i?eoai?a e ca eieiiiaie oaeaea
iaoiaeyony noaneaeee. Eaoiai noieo a noaneaeee ca i?aaie eieiiiie,
?yaeii n e?aniuie a?aoaie, ai a?aiy /oaiey /ania, iiaa/a?ey e
iieoiiuieoeu, a a noaneaeee ca i?aaie eieiiiie aicea auoiaeiie aeaa?e
– ai a?aiy eeoee.
Iaae aioo?aiiei i?eoai?ii a iaeioi?uo o?aiao ono?iaiu
eaoeooiaiu, eee oi?u, n aieueoeie ieiaie, ia?auaiiuie aioo?ue o?aia.
Ii/oe ana niai?u ia Nayoie Ai?a e?iia aioo?aiiaai i?eoai?a
eiatho aua aiaoiee i?eoai? – yeniia?oeen, ii ?acia?ai cia/eoaeueii
iaiueoee ia?aiai e ioaeaeaiiue io iaai eaieoaeueiie noaiie. Ai
aiaoiee i?eoai? iiaeii aieoe n iaia?oe /a?ac aeaa?ue, iaoiaeyuothny
iina?aaeeia, ii /anoi eiathony e aeaa aieiaua aeaa?e. Ai aiaoiai
i?eoai?a, ni?aaa io aoiaea a o?ai, noieo aieueoeo ?acia?ia i?aii?iay
noaneaeey, a eioi?ie eaoiai naaeeony iinea eoeoi?neeo iaieoeae e
iaieoeae a iyoie aa/a?a ia?aae Iyniionoiie e O?ieoeeie noaaioaie. Ca
yoie noaneaeeae ii iaaei noi?iiai aoiaeiie aeaa?e oyioony neaiuee,
ia eioi?uo a yoeo neo/ayo neaeeo a?aoey iiianou?y. Iaa/ea
?aciauathony a noaneaeeyo ia i?ioeaiiieiaeiie noi?iia.
Ana aoiineea iiianou?e i?eaea?aeeaathony aecaioeeneiai
ion/aoa a?aiaie, niaeanii eioi?iio aeaiue ia/eiaaony n caoiaea
nieioea. Eaaeaeoth noaaioo, eiaaea caoiaeeo nieioea, aeaaiua /anu
iiianou?y onoaiaaeeaathony ia ioiaoea “12”. Eneeth/aiea
ninoaaeyao Eaa?neee iiianou?ue, aaea ion/ao a?aiaie aaaeaony io
ainoiaea nieioea, eae auei o ae?aaieo o?enoeai. Anaaeiaaiue
nooi/iue e?oa aiaineoaeaiee ia/eiaaony a 9 /ania aa/a?a (ii
aa?iiaeneiio a?aiaie 6 /ania aa/a?a) aa/a?iae, eioi?ie
i?aaeoanoaoao 9-e /an ni naiei ioionoii. Ii ioionoa aa/a?ie auaaao
“enoiaeaeaiea” – yeniaeeanoeeii, eiaaea a?aoey n iaieai ia?oaaiiuo
o?iia?ae (“Ni aeooe i?aaaaeiuo neii/aaoeony” e oae aeaeaa) enoiaeeo a
eeoeeiue i?eoai? – ianoi iau/iiai caoi?iiaiey eoeoi?ia – e niaa?oaao
e?aoeoth caoiieieioth eeoeth. Caoai neaaeoao o?aiaca (anee iia
iieiaeaia ii onoaao) e n?aco iinea iaa – iiaa/a?ea. Eae e 9-e /an, iii
niaa?oaaony a eeoeeiii i?eoai?a. Caaana, ioaeaeythuay i?eoai? io
aeaaiie /anoe o?aia, caaea?iooa. Eaiii ia iiaa/a?ee iiaony, a ia
/eoaaony. Ii yoiio iiaiaeo A?eai?iae/-Aa?neee caia/aao: “Eaiiiu
ieaaeaaea aia /ooo, ii anaaaea iitho, e ia oo?aie e ia iiaa/a?ieoea…
Aua aea iitho e o?ie/ia, ii iaaeaeyi, n i?eaeaoaieai “Neaaa Oaaa,
Aiaea iao, neaaa Oaaa” neoeaaui niiniaii: 1-th e 3-th ianiue caei
ieceei e oeoei aeanii, yei aaeaa neuoaoeny, 4-th, 5-th e 6-th, –
iaei auoiui, io 7-e aea aua auoiui, aeaaea aei ieii/aiey eaiiia.
Iineaaee aea oi/eth aeaa iitho o?ie/ia: “Aeinoieii anoue neaaeoe Oy`,
O?ieoea Nayoay, ainiiai aae aiaieaiii”, oaeaea “Ec ia?oauo
aeaeaaoe Oaiaai Nuia” e “Aeinoieii anoue, yei aienoeiio” e
i?i/ay, aei eiioea oo?aie”, e eioi?ie i?eniaaeeiyaony 1-e /an, ni naiei
ioionoii.
Ii Enaiioneiio oeieeiio, a i?eoai?a “oai?eo /?aaeiie ea?ae iieeii
eaoiaio e aeeaaano (/oaoe), aeaaineiaeaoenue, /eoaao iiaa/a?ea,
eiaaea aea i?i/oao “Aa?oth”, iooiaeeo eaiiia?o ia n?aaeeio e
eaiiia?oeo iau/iue eaiii Ieoieoa Aiaeeae Iaoa?e, e iiai iaaeeaiii e
aeaaiaiaaeii e ii ieii/aiee aai /eoaai eeinu Aiai?iaeeoeu iaaeeaiii e
n /oanoaii. Ii eniieiaiee aea eo aeeaaano i?iaeieaeaao /oaiea
iiaa/a?ey”.
Iiaa/a?ea ieai/eaaaony *eiii I?iuaiey, eioi?ue
niaa?oaaony neaaeothuei ia?acii: ea?ae ii ioionoa aeaeaao iieeii
noiyuaio ia na?aaeeia o?aia eaoiaio, caoai a?aoey iiaeoiaeeo e
eaoiaio, eeaiyaony aio aei caiee e aa?ao aeaaineiaaiea. Ia?aae yoei
a?aoey ii e?oao iaoiaeeo eeoeeiue i?eoai? e i?eeeaaeuaaaony ei anai
eeiiai, ia/eiay n ia?acia O?enoa e Aiaiiaoa?e. Ai a?aiy yoiai
o?iaaoaeueiiai /eia iiaony noeoe?a i?acaeieea eee nayoiai, eioi?iio
iinayuai iiianou?ue (a Aaoiiaaea – “E?aniou aeaanoaa Oaiaai”).
A iaeioi?uo iiianou?yo, iai?eia?, Aaoiiaaea, eaiii ia
iiaa/a?ee ec Ieoieoa iiaony ia aa/a?ia iinea noeoe? ia noeoiaia,
a ai a?aiy iiaa/a?ey niaa?oaaony /oaiea aeaoenoa “Aca?aiiie
Aiaaiaea” ia?aae /oaeioai?iie eeiiie Aiaeeae Iaoa?e. Ai anao iaeoaeyo,
e?iia ?onneie, ai a?aiy iiaa/a?ey eee n?aco iinea iaai aeiaoa?ee
(iau/ii – ea?iiiiao) auiineo ec aeoa?y ia na?aaeeio o?aia nayoua iiue,
eiathueany a iiianou?a. Iaeiiieee neooatho ?anneac i iiianou?a e
aai nayouiyo, iinea /aai eeaiythony nayoui iiuai, eioi?ua caoai
oiinyony ia?aoii a aeoa?ue.
A ?onneii Iaioaeaeiiiianeii iiianou?a n?aco iinea iiaa/a?ey
niaa?oaaony iauay eniiaaaeue, iinea eioi?ie aeooiaiee eniiaaaeoao
a?aoeth e iaeiiieeia.
Oo?aiiaa aiaineoaeaiea a aoaeie ia/eiaaony a 7 /ania (ii
aa?iiaeneiio a?aiaie 4 /ana oo?a) iieoiiuieoeae. Caoai neaaeotho
oo?aiy, 1-e, 3-e e 6-e /anu e eeoo?aey. Ii/oe ai anao
iiianou?yo ia Nayoie Ai?a aaeaaeiaaii iiaony iieaaiue eaiii Aiaeeae
Iaoa?e. Yoi iaiea niaa?oaaony iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia?aae aeiaaiie
o?aiacie, ii a iaeioi?uo iaeoaeyo ?aaee oaeianoaa – n?aco aea iinea
eeoo?aee.
1-ai /enea eaaeaeiai ianyoea ai anao iiianou?yo niaa?oaaony /ei
iaeiai inayuaiey aiaeu.
Iaeiie ec aiaineoaeaaiuo iniaaiiinoae aoiineeo iiianou?ae
yaeyaony oi, /oi a aoaeiea aeie ana iineaaeiaaiey, e?iia
eeoo?aee, niaa?oathony a eaoieeeiia. Eeoo?aeth aea neoaeao
iaeiia?aiaiii a ianeieueeeo iaaieueoeo o?aiao-ia?aeeenao, eioi?uo a
eaaeaeii iiianou?a ian/eouaaaony io 10 aei 30. Oaeie iau/ae aiciee
a ae?aaiinoe, eiaaea a iiianou?yo ono?aeaaeinue aieueoia eiee/anoai
i?eaeaeia aeey aaeaaeiaaiiai neoaeaiey cacae?aaiuo e caoiieieiuo
eeoo?aee. Eneeth/aiea ninoaaeytho Aaoiiaae e ?onneee iiianou?ue. A
ia?aii eeoo?aey neoaeeony a eaoieeeiia eaaeaeue /aoaa?a, a
iaiyoue i /oaeaniii ecaaaeaiee Aiaeeae Iaoa?ueth Aaoiiaaea io
iaiaaeaiey ie?aoia. A ?onneii iiianou?a eeoo?aey niaa?oaaony
eaaeaeoth iaaeaeth a Iaioaeaeiiiianeii niai?a eee a Iie?ianeii o?aia
(ia?aeeena) iiia?aiaiii. Aa?iyoii, yoio iau/ae naycai n oai, /oi
a na?aaeeia i?ioeiai aaea, eiaaea a Iaioaeaeiiiianeii iiianou?a
a?aoey ninoiyea ec a?aeia e ?onneeo, a?aee, ninoaaeyaoea a yoi
a?aiy aieueoeinoai, ia iicaieyee ?onneei iiiaoai niaa?oaoue a niai?a
aiaineoaeaiea ia neaayineii ycuea. Oiaaea ia nia?aiiua a ?innee
n?aaenoaa iaae a?aoneei ei?ionii aue iino?iai o?ai Iie?iaa
I?anayoie Aiai?iaeeoeu, aiaoiei e aioo?aiiei aeaeii ii/oe ie/ai
ia ioee/athueeny io ?onneeo oea?eaae XIX aaea. A yoii o?aia,
eioi?ue iacuaaeny aoi?ui niai?ii, ?onneea iiiaoe neoaeeee aei 80-o
aiaeia i?ioeiai aaea, eiaaea e iei iieiinoueth ia?aoei oi?aaeaiea
iiianou?ai. A ia?aeeenao (a eo a ?onneii iiianou?a aieaa 30)
aiaineoaeaiea niaa?oaaony e?aeia ?aaeei, i?aeoe/anee ?ac a aiaeo,
ia i?anoieueiue i?acaeiee (a Oniaineii ia?aeeena e?iia eeoo?aee
niaa?oathony ana iineaaeiaaiey io i?aaei?acaeinoaa aei ioaeaiey
i?acaeieea Oniaiey). Oieueei a oea?eae nayouo aiinoieia Iao?a e
Iaaea, ono?iaiiie i?e iiianou?neie onuiaeueieoea, eaaeaeoth
noaaioo niaa?oaaony eeoo?aey e iaieoeaea ii oniioei.
I?aeoeea oaeiai ?aaeeiai niaa?oaiey eeoo?aee a ia?aeeenao,
aaconeiaii, iaaeaaiyy e aucaaia a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
iaiiiai/eneaiiinoueth a?aoee Iaioaeaeiiiianeiai iiianou?y. Yoei aea
iauyniyaony e oi, /oi, anee aaeaiea ia aine?aniua aeie ia niaiaaeaao
n aaeeeei i?acaeieeii, a oaeaea iaiyoueth o?aiiaiai eee /oeiiai
nayoiai, iii caiaiyaony caeanue ioaeaeueiui neoaeaieai aaeeeie
aa/a?ie e iieeaeaeiie oo?aie, niaeanii oeieeiio. Noieo oaeaea ioiaoeoue,
/oi, iineieueeo ii/oe ana ianaeueieee ?onneiai iiianou?y, aeeth/ay
eaoiaia, yaeythony iino?eaeaieeaie ?acee/iuo iiianou?ae ?innee,
?oeiieniue Iaioaeaeiiiianeee oeieeii a yoie iaeoaee iuia ia
oiio?aaeyaony, a aiaineoaeaiea niaa?oaaony ii oeieeiio, ecaeaiiiio
Iineianeie Iao?ea?oeae, n nio?aiaieai iaeioi?uo iauaaoiineeo
aiaineoaeaaiuo iniaaiiinoae.
Ae?oaei oeiii aiaineoaeaiey ia Aoiia yaeyaony anaiiuiia
aaeaiea, aa?eiiey. Ia iaiaoiaeeiinoue aai niaa?oaiey a aine?aniua aeie,
aaeeeea e o?aiiaua i?acaeieee, a oaeaea aeie iaiyoe /oeiuo nayouo
oeacuaatho ana aoiineea oeieeiiu. Aaeaiey ia Aoiia ii eo
oi?aeanoaaiiinoe, a cia/eo, e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe, ?acaeaeythony ia o?e
aeaea. Aio /oi aiai?eony ia yoii a “Ienueiao nayoiai?oea”: “Au
ainoeuaaoanue iaoeie aaeaieyie… a aianoa n oai aeaeaaoa e ciaoue,
eaeei ia?acii anaiiuioth iiaeii i?iaeeeoue aei 14 /ania n?yaeo?
Iaaeiaii neacaoue, /oi iiaeiaiua aaeaiey i/aiue ?aaeee, e a e?oaeue
aiae iiaeao auoue iaeii, aeaa eee iiiai – o?e… Caeanue o?e ?ac?yaea
aaeaiee: ia?aia – oi?aeanoaaiiia i?acaeie/iia a iieiii niunea;
aoi?ia – ia aeaaiaaeanyoua i?acaeieee, i?iaeieaeathuaany aei 12 /ania
ii/e; a o?aouea – aine?aniia iaueiiaaiiia, ia ainoiaeyuaa nauoa
10 /ania. E iineaaeiaio ioiinyony e aeie aaeeeeo nayouo”. Aeaeaa
iu aoaeai aiai?eoue oieueei i aaeaiee ia?aiai oeia.
I?acaeieee, a eioi?ua niaa?oathony yoe aaeaiey, o ?onneeo
nayoiai?oeaa iacuaathony “iaiaae?” eee “iaie ae?ue” (io a?a/.
“iaiaae?en” – oi?aeanoai). Yoio oa?iei iaicia/aao ia oieueei
anaiiuiia aaeaiea, ii e anth niaieoiiinoue ia?yaeia e o?aaeeoeee, a oii
/enea aiaineoaeaaiuo, naycaiiuo n aeaiiui i?acaeieeii. “Anyeee
iaieae?ue oiai eee eiiai ec 20 ee?ea?oe/aneeo (aeaaiuo,
ainiiaenoaothueo) iiianou?ae ia Nayoie Aoiineie Ai?a yaeyaony
i?acaeieeii ia oieueei aeaiiie iaeoaee, – ieoao ii yoiio iiaiaeo
i?ioanni? A. A. Aeieo?eaaneee, – ii, aac i?aoaaee/aiey iiaeii
aiai?eoue, e oi?aeanoaii anae Nayoie Ai?u”.
Eae oaea aiai?eeinue, a nayoiai?neeo iaeoaeyo iaiaae? auaaao
anaai ianeieueei ?ac a aiaeo: ia aeaaiue o?aiiaue i?acaeiee,
aeie iaiyoe iniai /oeiuo nayouo e iaeioi?uo /oeiuo eeii Aiaeeae
Iaoa?e. Ia eneeth/eoaeueiinoe iaiaae?ia aiai?eo e oio oaeo, /oi a
Eaa?a i?aiiaeiaiiai Aoaianey – noa?aeoai iiianou?a ia Nayoie Ai?a
– iaiaae? niaa?oaaony oieueei ?ac a aiaeo, a aeaiue iaiyoe
i?aiiaeiaiiai Aoaianey Aoiineiai (5 ethey); a ia aeaaiue o?aiiaue
i?acaeiee Aeaaiaauaiey niaa?oaaony iau/iia aaeaiea, eae e ia ae?oaea
aeaoiaaeanyoua i?acaeieee. O A. A?eai?iae/a-Aa?neiai iu iaoiaeei
iauyniaiea yoiai no?aiiiai iau/ay: “Ecia/aea aea oaii? aeaaiue
i?acaeiee niaa?oaoany ia Aeaaiaauaiea I?anayoey Aiai?iaeeoeu, Ay aea
anoue e aaeeeee o?ai, iiiauiu eaoe ii oniaiee nayoaai. Iaa/a, yeiaea
io i?aaeaiey oaiioiea eiiee iiaanoaotho, yaeny I?anayoay Aiai?iaeeoea
ai nia ae?aaea iaeiaio aeia?iaeaoaeiiio eaoiaio e ?a/a aio aua: “Ionaea
ia oai?eoa i?acaeieea ia?aaai e aeaaiaai a aiae Iaia ?aaee, eai Iaia
aeaaeao aae ?iaeu e i?acaeiotho aeiaieii aae o?enoeyia, ii
oi?aeanoaoeoa i?acaeiee aaeee a iaiyoue ae?oaa Iiaai Aoaianey eaea
aeiaieii Iia iineoaee e iio?oaeeny a iaeoaee nae”. E io oiai
a?aiaie i?acaeiee aeaaiue i?aiaieny e iiianoe? ia/a eiaiiaaoeny ia
Aeaaiaauaiey, ii Eaa?a nayoaai Aoaianey, yeiaea e a o?eciaoeao
ae?aaiee oea?ea naeaeaoaenoaotho”. Anaai aea ia Nayoie Ai?a a aiaeo
auaaao ieiei 45 iaiaae?ia, eiiaaea iaeiia?aiaiii a ianeieueeeo
iaeoaeyo.
Iaiaae? ia/eiaaony n /eia a?oea?aeneie ano?a/e. A
iineaaeiaa a?aiy i?enoonoaea a?oea?ay noaei iaiouaieaiie /anoueth
iaiaae?a. A?a/aneea iiianou?e iau/ii i?eaeaoatho iaeiiai ec
aieneiiia Eiinoaioeiiiieueneie Iao?ea?oee eee Yeeaaeneie Oea?eae, a a
?onneea i?acaeie/iia aiaineoaeaiea aicaeaaeyao aieneii ?onneie
Oea?eae, eioi?ue aaeaaiaeii i?eacaeaao n a?oiiie iaeiiieeia e
i?anoieueiiio i?acaeieeo nayoiai aaeeeiio/aieea e oeaeeoaey
Iaioaeaeiiia.
Ia ano?a/o a?oea?ay any a?aoey ai aeaaa n eaoiaiii
niae?aaony o aeaaiuo a?ao (ii?ou) iaeoaee. Eaoiai e nayuaiieee – a
iaea/aiee. Aeaa yeeeenea?oa aea?aeao ia?aiiniua iiaenaa/ieee – iaioaeu
e Aaaiaaeea. Ii i?eauoee aieneiia ia/eiatho caiieoue eieieiea. Ia
a?oea?ay aiceaaatho iaiaaeth, iaaeaaatho iaioeth e aeatho a ?oee
aeace – ?aaaein. A?oea?ae oeaeoao Aaaiaaeea, aeaaineiaeyao a?aoeth
e neaaeoao a niai?. Aeaa aeeaeiia ana yoi a?aiy iai?a?uaii eaaeyo
ia?aae a?oea?aai. Oi? iiao: “Aeinoieii anoue” e “En iieea yoe,
aeaniioa”. Aieaey a niai?, aieneii i?eeeaaeuaaaony e eeiiai,
aeaaineiaeyao iaa/eo e ia?iae e anoaao ia eaoaae?o. Neaaeoao e?aoeay
eeoey, ai a?aiy eioi?ie iithony o?iia?e: E?anoo, o?aia, nayoiio,
eiy eioi?iai iineo aieneii. Ia “E iuia” – eiiaeae “Aca?aiiie
Aiaaiaea”. A iaeioi?uo iiianou?yo, iai?eia? a Eaa?a, iiaony e
Aaeeeia neaaineiaea. Aeaeueiaeoaa iiaoi?yao ii?yaeie aa/a?iae eeoee,
ii a aieaa nie?auaiiii aeaea. Iinea aicaeana a?oea?ay “Oneuoe iu,
Aiaea” e eniieiaiey oi?ii iieiiai iiiaieaoey a?oea?ath
ianoiyoaeue i?eaaonoaoao aieneiia. Caoai neaaeoao ioaaoiia neiai
a?oea?ay. E?iia oiai, a eiioea eeoee aieneii aeaaineiaeyao
iiaeoiaeyuoth e iaio a?aoeth, ia/eiay n eaoiaia. Oi? eniieiyao
iieiia iiiaieaoea. Caoai aieneii nieiaao iaioeth e neaaeoao a naie
iieie.
Iioiaeei ia?acii, ii aac Aaaiaaeey e eaaeaeaiey, niaa?oaaony e
ano?a/a eaoiaia. Caeanue iaiaoiaeeii neacaoue i nayoiai?neii iau/aa
i?eaeaoaoue ia iaiaae?, e?iia a?oea?ay, eaoiaia iaeiiai ec aoiineeo
iiianou?ae. Nouanoaoao aeaaea iniaue ii?yaeie i?eaeaoaiey.
Iaeioi?ua iaeoaee eiatho oaniua enoi?e/aneea nayce. Iiyoiio
Aaoiiaae ia aeaaiue i?acaeiee o?aaeeoeeiiii i?eaeaoaao eaoiaia
iiianou?y Oeeaiaea?, Eaa?a – Eaa?a, ?onnee – Cia?aoa, e iaiai?io.
Oaeie iau/ae eiaao ianeieueei iniiaaiee: ai-ia?auo, yoi iicaieyao
nayoiai?oeai aua ?ac ii/oanoaiaaoue naay aieueoie naiueae, eioi?ay
aeeaao e nianaaony a eca?aiiii oaeaea Aiaeeae Iaoa?e, iaace?ay ia
iaoeeiiaeueiua e ae?oaea ?acee/ey; ai-aoi?uo, i?eaeaoaiiue eaoiai
i?eoiaeeo n eo/oeie aeeaeiiaie e iaa/eie naiae iaeoaee, eioi?ua
oe?aoatho i?acaeie/iia aiaineoaeaiea, a oaeaea aa?ao n niaie /anoue
a?aoee, /oiau iiii/ue ianaeueieeai i?acaeiothuaai iiianou?y a i?eaia
e ?aciauaiee iaeiiieeia, i?eaioiaeaiee o?aiacu e o. i. Iineaaeiaa
ianoiyoaeuenoai iaiaeiaaaeii, oae eae, iai?eia?, ia aeaaiue
aoiineee iaiaae? – i?aiiaeiaiiai Aoaianey Aoiineiai – a Eaa?o
niae?athony aei 600 iaeiiieeia, i?e /eneaiiinoe a?aoee Eaa?u ieiei
40 /aeiaae. Ii oai aea i?e/eiai ca ianeieueei aeiae aei naiaai
iaiaae?a iiianou?ue i?ae?auaao i?eai iaeiiieeia.
Eaoiai iaeoaee ano?a/aao ainoy a iaioee, n e?anoii (i?aai ia
iioaiea eioi?iai ia Aoiia eiaao oieueei ianoiyoaeue iiianou?y)
e eaoiaineei aeaceii, iaoa?eoeae. Ii i?eauoee ainoy ianoiyoaeue
nieiaao iaioeth e e?ano, aiceaaaao eo ia iaai e ia?aaeaao aio
iaoa?eoeo. N yoiai iiiaioa ainoue noaiiaeony eae au iieiii?aaiui
ianoiyoaeai aeaiiiai iiianou?y: ii aicaeaaeyao aiaineoaeaiea (anee
iao aieneiia), i?aaenaaeeo ca o?aiacie, aai eiy aiciineony ca
aiaineoaeaieai. I?e yoii ii?yaeie i?ioaiee oaeia: nia/aea “I
nayuaiiieaoiaia nayouy iaeoaee ney (eiy?ae) ea?iiiiaoa e anae ai O?enoa
a?aoee iaoae”; caoai i?ioaiea n oiiieiaieai eiaie ianoiyoaey: “i
(eiy?ae) ea?iiiiaoa n a?aoeae, neiiaeey (aoea. – niooieeaie. – Aao.)
aai”.
Ca o?e /ana aei caoiaea nieioea auaaao iaeay aa/a?iy,
eioi?oth ai iiiaeo iiianou?yo i?aaeaa?yao ia?aianaiea
/oaeioai?iiai ia?aca Aiaeeae Iaoa?e. Yoi naycaii n oai, /oi a
iaeioi?uo iaeoaeyo /oaeioai?iua eeiiu Aiaeeae Iaoa?e iaoiaeyony ia a
oeaio?aeueiie /anoe niai?a, a ia ai?iai ianoa a aeoa?a (I?ioao,
Aaoiiaae) eee a iaeiii ec ia?aeeenia (Eaa?a, Eaa?, Aeeiieneao e o.
ae.), ono?iaiiii a /anoue eeiiu. Yoio /ei, a eioi?ii o/anoaoao ana
aeooiaainoai a iaea/aieyo, i/aiue oi?aeanoaai e nii?iaiaeaeaaony
eaaeaeaieai eeiiu e iaieai o?iia?ae eeiiu, i?acaeieea e “Aeinoieii
anoue”. A niai?a eeiio noaayo a iniaue eeio neaaa io Oea?neeo a?ao.
Nieco e eeioo iiaeaaoeaatho ?anoeooth iaeaio; naieo – ii aeaa
noa?eiiua aieo?aoeee; iaae eeiiie ?ane?uaatho ciio ec ae?aaioeaiiie
iaoa?ee, a ia?aae iae iinoeeatho eiaa? e noaayo iiaenaa/ieee. Aio eae
oi?aeanoaaiiia oa?ainoai niai?iiai o?aia iienuaaao A.A.
Aeieo?eaaneee: “Any aiaaoaeoay oea?eiaiay ooaa?ue, au/euaiiay e
auiuoay, iaoiaeeony ia naieo ianoao. Auiooa ec neaaioeeaeee
(ninoaeio?aieoaeueieoeu) e any iaee/iay ?ecieoea, aaeaeo
iiiai/eneaiiiai niai?a nayuaiiineoaeeoaeae… A?oea?aeneea
iaea/aiey e nayuaiiua ninoaeu ia oieueei aeauoo ae?aaioeaiiuie
oe?aoaieyie, ii e ioee/athony naiath ae?aaiinoeth e oaie
enoi?e/aneeie o?aaeeoeeyie, eioi?ua n ieie a iaeoaee naycuaathony. Ei
anai eeiiai iaianoiui e noiyuei iniaiyeii, iiaeaaoaiu ae?aaioeaiiua
iaeaiu, oa?aiiua eaiaiueyie e ?anoeoua oaeeaie e cieioii. Aei?iaea
aieo?aoeee aenyo ii aieai iaianoiuo eeii ii/oe ii anaio
eeiiinoano (ioiineoaeueii aeaiiiai iau/ay A.A. Aeieo?eaaneee caia/aao,
/oi ii aiciee ec i?aaeienaiey oeieeiia nayuaiieeo ai a?aiy
anaaeiaaiuo neoaea ia aoiaeeoue aac ioaeaeu a aeoa?ue, a i?ieciineoue
aeoaiuee ia?aae Oea?neeie a?aoaie, iaaeaaay ia naay aieo?aoeeue,
aenyuoth naieo yoeo a?ao ia niaoeeaeueiii e?th/ea. – I?ei. aao.).
Caaioiaeaiu ae?aaioeaiiaeoea eia?u, eioi?ua iiuoiua aeeeenea?oe auno?i
?acaa?ouaatho e oae?atho ia oi?aeanoaaiiuo niai?iuo auoiaeao”.
N?aco ca iaeie aa/a?iae neaaeoao o?aiaca. Ii iauaio
aoiineiio iau/ath, ia o?aiaca ia?aae anaiiuiui aaeaieai anaaaea
iiaeatho aea?aiuo inieiiaia, a iinea anaiiuiie – aea?aioth ?uao,
“o?oaea ?aaee aaeaiiiai”.
I a?aiaie ia/aea anaiiuiiai aaeaiey ?aciua oeieeiiu aeatho
?acee/iua oeacaiey (enoaoe, yoiio aii?ino auea iinayuaia
niaoeeaeueiay caienea, iiaeaiiay oea?th Aeaenath Ieoaeeiae/o aeeaoei
oiaaea a Iineaa a?oeiaiae?eoii Aoiineiai Eaa?neiai iiianou?y
Aeeiieneai). Iaeie oeacuaatho a?aiy “ii caoiaea nieioea, anee ii/ue
ei?ioeay; anee aea iao, oi a ia?aue eee aoi?ie /an ii/e”. Ae?oaea
ii?aaeaeytho a?aiy ia/aea aa?eiiee aei 2-ai eee 3-ai /ana ii/e.
Iaeiiaoe, o?aouee oeacuaatho: “Ieiei /ana ii/e aia caaeneiinoe io
a?aiaie aiaea”. Yoi ?aciiia?acea iauyniyaony iaee/eai eee
ionoonoaeai a iiianou?a “aeia?iaeaniuo iaaoeia e /oaoeia”. A ianoiyuaa
a?aiy oieueei ianeieueei ec 20 nayoiai?neeo iiianou?ae (Aaoiiaae,
Neiiiiiao?, Aeioea?) eiatho neaaeaiiua oi?u, e iiyoiio oa, eioi?ua eo
ia eiatho, aeey i?eaeaiey i?acaeie/iiio aaeaieth aieueoae
oi?aeanoaaiiinoe i?eaeaoatho iaa/eo ec ae?oaeo iiianou?ae.
Ioaeaeueii neaaeoao neacaoue i iaa/eo-eaeeeioao. Ia Aoiia neaao
iaeaieaa eneoniuo iaaoeia eiatho a?aonoaa Einaoaaa, Ea?oeiiaaa e
Aeaieeeaaa. Iineaaeiea aaeaaiaeii iitho ia iaiaae?a a ?onneii
Nayoi-Iaioaeaeiiiianeii iiianou?a.
I?e niaa?oaiee aeaaiaanoa ia Aoiia, eae a ae?aaieo
iiianou?yo, aei neo ii? oiio?aaeythony aeea e eeaiaea, eioi?ua
aeaeyony ia “oyaeeia”, “aaeeeia” e “aeaeaciia”, ianiio?y ia oi, /oi
iianaianoii eiathony e eieieiea, eioi?ua caiiyo iinea oiai, eae
niieeioo aeea. Nio?aiyaony oaeaea ae?aaiee iau/ae
nii?iaiaeaeaiey aeaaiaanoa a “aaeeeia” e “oyaeeia” iaieai
“Iaii?i/iuo” eee 50-ai inaeia, i?e yoii iaeie iiianou?e
aea?aeaony iauaai aieueoeinoao nieneia Ea?onaeeineiai onoaaa
ii?yaeea aeaeaiey “Iaii?i/iuo” ia 12 /anoae, niioaaonoaaiii 12 oaea?ai
a aeei, aeiioneay caiaio “Iaii?i/iuo” aeaaiaaeoeaoee?aoiui /oaieai
50-ai inaeia. Ae?oaea aeaeyo aeaaiaano ia o?e caiia, niioaaonoaaiii
o?ai noaoeyi “Iaii?i/iuo”. I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue oiai e ae?oaiai
aeaaiaanoa caaeneo io a?aiaie aiaea: a ceiiaa a?aiy ii oaeeeiyaony, a
a eaoiaa nie?auaaony. Iai?eia?, oeieeii Iaioaeaeiiiianeiai iiianou?y
aeiioneaao nie?auaiea aeaaiaanoa “io 14 naioya?y aei Iaaeaee Aaee”.
Iniaue ii?yaeie niaa?oaiey aeaaiaanoa a Eaa?a i?aiiaeiaiiai Aoaianey
Aoiineiai iienuaaao A. A?eai?iae/-Aa?neee: “Ia?aia ai aeanyo a iae
caiiu, oaeaea oie/ao a aaeeeia aeneiia aeei neoeaaui ia?acii:
oieeioaoe iyo eee oano ?ac nei?i, oaeaea /oao aeaaiaaeanyo “Aa?oth”,
ii anyeii “Aa?oth” oaea?ythue a aeei ?ac, aeiiaeaaea niaa?oaony 12, e
iaee 5 eee 6 nei?i, yeiaea ia?aia; oaaea aoi?oth noaoeth aeao iaaeeaiii,
n 12 “Aa?oth”, e iaee iyo, oano nei?i, oaaea e o?aooth noaoeth, n 12
“Aa?oth”. Iineaaee aea 2 noaoee iae/iuo, nei?uo e aeieaeo, i ieo aea
i?aaeiiiyiooii, ii ae?aayiii aea aeeo a eeaiaei aeaeaciia noaoeth
aaeeio”.
*oiau caiieieoue a?aiy, onoaiiaeaiiia onoaaii aeey
niaa?oaiey aa?eiiee, a iaeioi?uo nayoiai?neeo iaeoaeyo /ei aaeaiey
i?aaeaa?yaony iaeui iiaa/a?eai, eioi?ia niaa?oaaony, eae auei iienaii
auoa, ii n oie ?acieoeae, /oi iieeoaa, iieiaeaiiay a eiioea iiaa/a?ey:
“E aeiaeaeue iai, Aeaaeue, ia nii a?yaeouei”, iioneaaony, “eae ia
niioaaonoaothuay oeaee ianoiyuaai iaoaai iiaeaeaa”, ii caia/aieth
“Ienai nayoiai?oea”.
Anaiiuiia aaeaiea ia/eiaaony niaa?oaieai a eeoeeiii i?eoai?a
neoaeau 9-ai /ana, ni naiei ioionoii. Anee aaeaiea aicaeaaeyao
a?oea?ae, e iau/iiio aicaeano: “Iieeoaaie nayouo ioaoe iaoeo”,
eioi?ui ia Aoiia caeai/eaathony ana neoaeau, i?eaaaeyaony
“Iieeoaaie nayoiai Aeaaeuee iaoaai”.
*ei aaeeeie aa/a?ie niaa?oaaony a oeaio?aeueiie /anoe
eaoieeeiia. I?e yoii a?oea?ae (eee a aai ionoonoaea eaoiai) noieo ia
a?oea?aeneie eaoaae?a a iaioee e n aeaceii. Neoaeauee ea?iiiiao
iiaeoiaeeo e eaoaae?a e, nioai?ea caiiie iieeii i?aaenoiyoaeth,
aa?ao aeaaineiaaiea ia ia/aei aiaineoaeaiey. Ia eioa?anioth
iniaaiiinoue oeacuaaao oeieeii na?aneiai Oeeaiaea?neiai
iiianou?y. Caeanue ea?iiiiao aeaaineiaeyaony ia o i?aaenoiyoaey, a o
eeiiu Aiaeeae Iaoa?e “O?ia?o/eoea”, iaoiaeyuaeny ni?aaa io
a?oea?aeneie eaoaae?u. Ea?ae iieaaaao ia?aae eeiiie o?e caiiuo iieeiia
e eiaucaao eeiio, iinea /aai iooiaeeo a aeoa?ue. Oaeia ia/aei
nio?aiyaony e a aoaeiea aeie.
Aeaeueiaeoaa auaaao, eae yoi iienaii a Aeeaoaenena
Eiinoaioeiiiieueneiai Iao?ea?oa Oeeioay (XIV a.): “Eiaaea
ianoaiao a?aiy, iooiaeeo ea?ae n aeeaeiiii e oai?yo iieeiiu eeiia
Aeaaeuee O?enoa, iaaeaeo oai eae ana a?aouey neaeyo; aeeaeii, acya
naie noeoa?ue n i?a?ai e iieeiieaoenue ia ainoie o?eaeaeu, iiaeoiaeeo
e ea?ath e aiai?eo: “Aeaaineiae, Aeaaeuei, noeoa?ue n i?a?ai”; ea?ae
aeaaineiaeyao eo, aiai?y: “Aeaaineiaai Aia iao anaaaea, iuia e i?enii e
ai aaee aaeia”. Caoai iaaeaaatho iaa i?enaiaiiua iaeaaeaeu”. Ii
iaea/aiee nayuaiiee “eaaeeo nayooth o?aiaco e?anoiaeaeii ie?ano e
aanue aea?oaaiiee (oi anoue aeoa?ue) e, ioai?ea nayoua aeaa?e,
enoiaeeo” naaa?iuie aeaa?ueie, i?aaeaa?yaiue aeaoiy yeeeenea?oaie a
iaioee e n aicaeaeaiiuie naa/aie ia iiaenaa/ieeao. Noaa
iin?aaee o?aia eeoeii e a?oea?aeneie eaoaae?a, iie aicaeaoatho:
“Iiaaee”, “Iiaaeeoa” e “Iiaaee, Aeaaeuei (Io/a) nayoue” e i?e yoii
i?eiiaeieiatho iiaenaa/ieee. Aneaae ca yoei ea?ae eaaeeo ia?aae
nayouie aeaa?ueie, caoai ia?aae eeiiaie a eeiiinoana, i?aaui e
eaaui eeeii, i?aaenoiyoaeai e eeiiaie a i?ineeieoa?eyo e anae a?aoeae;
i?e yoii aio i?aaeoanoaotho yeeeenea?oe eee aeeaeiiu ni naa/aie.
“Enoiaeeo aea e a i?eoai? e eaaeeo ii /eio e oaii nouoth a?aoeth”.
Eaaeaeaiea i?eoai?a (eeoeeiiai) niaa?oaaony oae, eae yoi iienaii a 22-e
aeaaa oeieeiia: nayuaiiee “oai?eo e?ano eaaeeeii i?aae e?aniuie
a?aou, oaeaea eaaeeo ia iaa noi?iiu nayoua eeiiu e a?aoeth anth ii
/eio eo; iineaaee aea aica?auaaony e e?aniui a?aoai, c?y e
caiaaeo, eaaeeo e?anoiaeaeii anao”. Caoai ea?ae, “iaee aica?auay a
oea?eiaue e noaa iin?aaee iaith eeeo, ciaiaioao eaaeeeii e?ano, c?y
e ainoieii e aicaeaoaao aaeaaeanii: “Ainiiaee, aeaaineiae”.
Iinea ia/aeueiiai aicaeana ea?ay “Neaaa Nayoae”
i?aaenoiyoaeue n eaoaae?u /eoaao “I?eeaeeoa, iieeiieiny” o?eaeaeu.
*aoaa?oue noeo “I?eeaeeoa, iieeiieiny e i?eiaaeai Aio” ia
i?ieciineony, /oi, enoaoe, niioaaonoaoao ?onneie aiaineoaeaaiie i?aeoeea
aei XVI aaea.
Caoai i?aaenoiyoaeue /eoaao 103-e inaeii aei noeoa “Ioaa?coo Oaaa
?oeo”. Ionthaea eeee ia/eiatho aioeoiiiia iaiea
i?aaeia/eiaoaeueiiai inaeia n aieenaioa?eyie. Naiia ?aiiaa
oeacaiea ia eniieiaiea aieenaioa?eaa ano?a/aaony a ?oeiiene
Aaoiiaaeneiai iiianou?y 1/4 320 (931), eioi?ay aeaoe?oaony 1346
aiaeii. Ii naiaio niaea?aeaieth aieenaioa?ee yaeythony e?aoeeie
i?ineaaeaieyie O?eeeinoaniiai Aiaeanoaa eae Ia?aii?e/eiu
ie?icaeaiey, eioi?ua ia?aeeeeathony ni noeoaie 103-ai inaeia. “Ca
eaaeaeui noeoii ana neaaineiayo O?ieoeo, Eioi?ay anoue
Nicaeaoaeue anaai”, – caia/aao nayoie Neiaii Nieoineee (XIV a.). Ana
aieenaioa?ee eiatho i?eiaa: “Neaaa Oaaa, Aiaea”, eioi?ue a naia a?aiy
aue i?eiaaii 1-ai aioeoiia ianiaiiie aa/a?ie. Eo iieiue oaeno
caienai i?ioanni?ii A. A. Aeieo?eaaneei e iioaeeeiaai a aai
“Iienaieyo eeoo?ae/aneeo ?oeiienae…”. Iaiea aieenaioa?eaa, eioi?ia
i?iaeieaeaaony ieiei aeaoo /ania, aoiioeu neooatho n iniaui
aeaaiaiaaieai. Oeieeiiu i?aaeoi?aaeaeatho, /oiau ea?ae a yoi a?aiy ia
/eoae naaoeeueie/iuo iieeoa, eioi?ua iaaei /eoaoue iinea noeoa: “Any
i?aioae?inoeth nioai?ee ane”. E?iia aieenaioa?eaa e iniaaiiinoyi
iaiey i?aaeia/eiaoaeueiiai inaeia ioiineony i?eniaaeeiaiea e
o?aoe?aoiiio “Aeeeeoea, aeeeeoea, aeeeeoea, neaaa Oaaa, Aiaea”
/aoaa?oiai noeoa: “Oiiaaiea iaoa, Ainiiaee, neaaa Oaaa”. Yoio
aea ii?yaeie nio?aiyaony i?e anyeii iaiee eee /oaiee eaoeci. Ia
ie?iie aeoaiee, eae e ia anao iineaaeothueo, i?e a?oea?aeneii neoaeaiee
iiieiaaony oieueei neoaeauee a?oea?ae, i?e/ai i?ioaiea cao/eo oae:
“Ia a?oeaieneiia iaoai (eiy?ae)… Ainiiaeo iiiieeiny”. Anee iao
a?oea?ay, oaeei aea ia?acii iiieiatho Eiinoaioeiiiieueneiai
Iao?ea?oa. Ainueiia i?ioaiea ia/eiaaony neiaaie: “I nayoae iaeoaee
nae, Nayoae Ai?a nae” e o. ae. Ia Aoiia, eae e ai anao a?a/aneeo
oea?eaao, a ia/aea i?ioaiey “I?anayooth, I?a/enooth…” oi? iiao:
“I?anayoay Aiai?iaeeoea, niane ian”.
I iaiee ia?aie eaoeciu oeieeiiu aiai?yo: “noeoineiaei “Aeaaeai
ioae” ai aean 8-e, ia/eiaao aea yoi ia ia/aeueiue oi?, ii ae?oaie,
aoi?ie aea inaeii – ia/aeueiue oi?, e o?aoee – iiyoue aoi?ie oi?”.
Iaeiaei a nia?aiaiiie i?aeoeea iaiea ia?aie eaoeciu ca/anooth
aiiaua iioneaaony.
Iaiea “Ainiiaee, aiccaao” ia/eiaaony n aicaeana eaiiia?oa:
“Aeaaineiae, Aeaaeuei, aean (iacuaaaony i?eeo/eaoeeny aean
Ieoieoa)”. Aiiaua iaycaiiinoe eaiiia?oa ca aaeeeie aa/a?iae
aeaoaeueii ?aaeaiaioe?iaaiu onoaaii (ni.27-th aeaao iaoaai
oeieeiia) e iiae?iaii iienaiu A. A?eai?iae/ai-Aa?neei.
“Eaiiia?oo, – ieoao Aa?neee, – aeaei anoue: ia “Ainiiaee,
aiccaao” e ia “Oaaeeoao” aean iaeaoaoe, ia anai i?aaeea /?ac nooee
eaia?oaou (oi anoue eaiiia?oeoue. – I?ei. aao.) e Inaeoe?ue, e
Ia?aiae, e Aiinoie e Neiaena? /anou, e a caaeaeaieth e iiaaoaieth
naauue e eaiaeeeia, aaaea oi?acaeieony, eiui iiiiuanoaoao.
Iaeaneaoe aea aean, n i?aeiaeaieai ?oe, ieco niio?yue, i?aae
iiui e?eeinii noieo (ia?aoeaoeny e ia/aeueiaeoei), ia iai
aea ia/eiaao iaaaoe iaae “Ainiiaee, aiccaao” eee “Oaaeeoa”, e aaaea
oneuoeo iithua: “Aiiie aeano iieaiey iiaai” eee “Oaaeeoa Aai a
auoiuo”, iieeaiyaony ieoe aei caieu e ionooiaao ia no?aiio, aeiiaeaaea
i?eeaeao a?aiy eaia?oaoe noeoe?u. Eaeaaea iiaony: “ssei ooaa?aeeny
ieeinoue Aai ia ian”, i?aoiaeyuu /?ac oea?eia, iieaaaao ia naaa e?ano
i?aae oea?neeiu a?aou e, ia?aoeaoeny ia caiaae, e iiie no?aia nei?i
i?eoiaeeo, e oaea ia iieaaathue eieau ia iaeie, ii anaaaeaoiaio oaii
iau/ath, ii aea?aeauu a ?oeao, eaia?oaao. Oaeiaeaea ia “Neaaa, e iuia”
ia ?oeao eaia?oaao, aua aea e ia noeoiaiao anao nayouo
/aoe?aaeanyoieoeu, i?i/aa aea anaaaea iieaaathuu eieao ia iaeie, e ia
iiaeiiaeee (i/aaeaeii, caeanue eiaaony a aeaeo iioaeeii. – I?ei. aao.)
noiyue. Aaaea aea iiaony ianeaaiee aaeee, e?iia e “e iuia” oaeiaeaea
inia-ii aaeeeia, oiaaea ia i?aoiaeeo yaa /?ac o?ai, ii nie?iaaiii ca
naauieeaiu, aeec eeiiinoana, i?aae iaianoieiu ia?acaiu, ia “neaaa”
oai, ?aaee i?ioyaeaiia-ai iaiey, aeiiaeaaea ieii/eo (oi?. – I?ei. aao.)
“Neaaa Iooeo e Nuio e Nayoiio Aeooo” (aea ia noieo i?aae e?eeinii
i?acaeai, iaei oaii nie?eaaaony, ia “e iuia” aea, e oiaeaeaea
?aaee aeiu e aeaai/eiey ?aaee aoiaea, nie?iaai ca naauieeaiu noiyuu,
a?iiuaeanii ecaeaea/a eaia?oaao. Aaaea aea iithony i?ieeiaiu, ia
aa/a?iyo, nae noaaou iin?aaea oea?eau, noeoe ioaaonoaoao oeoei aeanii,
eeiaoe niyaoe”. Iaiea aioeoiiiia, i?e/ai ia?aua aeaa noeoa “Ainiiaee,
aiccaao” e “Aea eni?aaeony” iitho iniaui aeieaei ?aniaaii, eaaeaeue
ii 15- 20 ieioo. Noeoe?u iitho ia 10, n eaiiia?oii. Caeanue
anoue ?yae iniaaiiinoae: 3-th eee 4-th noeoe?o anaaaea
eniieiyao i?aaenoiyoaeue n eaoaae?u – iaeei eee aianoa n
ianeieueeeie “aeia?iaeaniuie inaeoaie”. Aeey iaiey Aeiaiaoeea iaa
oi?a noiaeyony aianoa. Aeiaiaoee oaeaea iiaony aeieaei ?aniaaii.
Iaeiia?aiaiii n ia/aeii iaiey “Ainiiaee, aiccaao” aeaa
aeeeenea?oa eee eaiaeeeaioa (naauaaicaeeaaoaey), a iaioeyo,
nioai?ea o?e caiiuo iieeiia ia?aae eeiiie Aiaeeae Iaoa?e e ii iaeiiio
iiyniiio i?aae i?aaenoiyoaeai, eeeaie e a?aoeae, ia/eiatho caaeeaaoue
naa/e ia oi?ina, iaieeaaeeeao, iiaenaa/ieeao e eaiiaaeao.
Aeaeatho iie yoi neio?iiii e aanueia ecyuii, oiaei iieuecoynue
aeeeiiuie oanoaie, eiioeu eioi?uo, eae ciaeeaie, iaaeou oiieeie
naa/aie. I?e yoii /enei naa/ae, caaeeaaaiuo ia?aae i?acaeie/iie
eeiiie, no?iai ?aaeaiaioe?oaony oeieeiiii. Oae, niai?iue oeieeii
Aaoiiaaeneiai iiianou?y 1508 aiaea eiaao aeaaea iniaoth oaaeeoeo n
oeacaieyie i naauaaicaeeaaiee ia aanue aiae. A naioya?a, iai?eia?:
“1-ai naioya?y naaoeeueieoeu, yaea iaaa?oo, inoaaeyai; aicaeeaaai aea
eeiiinoan (oi anoue iiaenaa/iee ia?aae ?aniyoeai. – I?ei. aao.) e
oi?in, e oniaineoth naa/o, e oieueei ia a?aiy aa/a?ie. I?aae
ia?acii aea nayoiai Neiaiia aicaeeaaai naaue aeaa, ia oo?aie oai?ei
ii iau/ath, 6-ai, ia a?oaiaaea Ieoaeea, i?aae ia?acii aai
aicaeeaaai naauo aaeeio. 8-ai (?iaeaeanoai Aiai?iaeeoeu) aicaeeaaai
naaue, yeiaea iau/ae anoue a iaaeaeth. Ia?aae i?ineeieoa?eai aea
aiai?iaee/iui aicaeeaaai naaue o?e. Iiaeiaaao ai aaaeaoe iai?aiaiii,
/oi aaaea aicaeeaaai o i?ineeieoa?ey o?e naaue, nio?aiyai eo
iaaaneiu, 9-ai aicaeeaaai a i?ineeieoa?ee naaue aeaa ia anth neoaeao, a
iaiyoue Aiaiioaoe” e o. ae.
Oeieeiiu i?aaeienuaatho ia/eiaoue eaaeaeaiea ia “Ainiiaee,
aiccaao” n iaiey noeoa “Aea eni?aaeony”, i?e/ai eaaeyo ia oieueei a
aeoa?a e a o?aia, ii e ai aioo?aiiai i?eoai?a: “Eiaaea aea iiaony
“ssei eaaeeei i?aae Oiaith”, aeeaeii eaaeeo nia/aea aioo?e aeoa?y,
caoai enoiaeeo naaa?iith aeaa?ueth e eaaeeo i?ineeieoa?ee n eeiiie
nayoiai, caoai eaoiaia e iooiaeeo iaaeaeaei io eaoiaia e eaaeeo anao
ia i?aaii eee?ina e, ieaaeea e?anoiaeaeii i?ioea aiaeiy, eae e ia
ia?aii eee?ina, aeaeaaynue eaaeeo noa?oeaa, caoai enoiaeeo a i?eoai?
e eaaeeo anao ii /eio”. Iau/ii eaaeaeaiea niaa?oatho aeaa aeeaeiia,
eioi?ua aoiaeyo ?aciuie aieiauie a?aoaie, eaaeyo eeiio
Aiaeeae Iaoa?e e i?ineeieoa?ee n i?acaeie/iie eeiiie o?eaeaeu ii
o?eaeaeu; caoai eaaeyo i?aaenoiyoaey; iioii ?anoiaeyony aeey
eaaeaeaiey eee?inia; iinea yoiai aiiaue noiaeyony a oeaio?a o?aia e
eaaeyo noiyuoth a?aoeth e iaeiiieeia, e aeaaiuie aeaa?ueie enoiaeyo
eaaeeoue i?eoai?. Iniaaiiinoueth aoiineiai eaaeaeaiey yaeyaony
iioaiea aeeaeiiaie iniauo eia/aaeoeaa aeey eaaeaia a aeaea na?aa?yiuo
eee iiciei/aiiuo oea?eaae. Yoe eia/aaeoeu, eee “neiiu”, aeeaeiiu
iinyo ia eaaii iea/a e i?eaea?aeeaatho ?oeie, iaa?iooie iaeaiie.
Iniaie oi?aeanoaaiiinoueth ioee/aaony aoiae n eaaeeeii. Ii
oeieeiio Oeeioaaaneiai iiianou?y: “Eiaaea aea ia/ioo iaoue
“Neaaa”, eaiaeeeaio auoiaeeo ia na?aaeeio o?aia e, iieeiieaoenue
o?eaeaeu e ainoieo, aeaeaao iieeiiu e iaiei oi?ai, e ii naio ciaeo
iooiaeyo ea?ae e ea?iaeeaeiiu ai nayoie aeoa?ue e iaea/athony
aeey o/anoey ai aoiaea”. A nia?aiaiiie i?aeoeea aeeeenea?o (a
ia eaiaeeeaio) iaoiaeeo o?ai e i?eoai? e i?eaeaoaao nayuaiieeia,
ia/eiay n ainoae e noa?oae a?aoee, e o/anoeth ai aoiaea. Iinea
yoiai ea?ae, ia/eiay n eaoiaia, iiaeoiaeyo e a?oea?ath e, acya
aeaaineiaaiea, ooiaeyo a aeoa?ue. A na?aaeeia iaiey Aeiaiaoeea
ea?iaeeaeiiu e nayuaiieee enoiaeyo ec aeoa?y e noaiiayony iieoe?oaii a
oeaio?a o?aia ia iioaeeiia eee ii aieai eaoaae?u, a caaeneiinoe io
?acia?ia o?aia e /enea neoaeaueo. A oeaio?a noaiiayony aeaa eaiaeeeaioa
n iiaenaa/ieeaie e aeaa ea?iaeeaeiia n oae iacuaaaiuie “iaeuie”
?eieaeaie (aac ae?aaea). Eiaaea i?aaenoiyoaeue n eaoaae?u
aeaaineiaeo aoiae, a?oeaeeaeii aicaeaoaao:”I?aioae?inoue,
i?inoe”. Nayuaiieee ia/eiatho iaoue “Naaoa oeoee”. Ni neia “Eenona
O?enoa” aeeaeiiu eaaeyo ea?aaa, a eiaaea ia/ioo iaoue “iiai Iooea,
Nuia e Nayoaai Aeooa”, ea?ae aeaeatho iieeii aieneiio, aa?oo aai
aeaaineiaaiea e ii aeaia aoiaeyo a aeoa?ue. Aeeaeiiu, noiy ii aieai
io Oea?neeo a?ao, eaaeyo aoiaeyueo ea?aaa. Caoai a aeoa?ue
aoiaeyo e ea?iaeeaeiiu. Aio eae iienuaaao aa/a?iee aoiae ia
i?acaeie/iii aaeaiee a Iaioaeaeiiiianeii iiianou?a eiie Ia?-oaiee:
“Eiaaea iaee noeoe?u, oiaaea yeeeenea?o oiaeee ii anae oea?eae
e i?eaeaoae anao ea?iiiiaoia e ea?iaeeaeiiia a aeoa?ue. Oiaaea
ea?iaeeaeiiu ii aeaa auoiaeeee e noaiiaeeenue n?aaee oea?eae, oai?y
aeaa iieeiia a iiyn e o?aoee caiiie, iiaeoiaeeee e Aeaaeuea n
caiiui iieeiiii e a?aee io iaai aeaaineiaaiea. Iieeiieaoenue, ooiaeeee
a aeoa?ue; ca ieie ea?iiiiaoe oae aea oai?eee e ooiaeeee iaea/aoueny.
Eiaaea aea ia/aee iaoue “E iuia” e Aiai?iaee/ai, oiaaea auoee ec aeoa?y
iaia?aae aeaa aeeeenea?oa a iaioeyo, ianee ii iiaenaa/ieeo, ca ieie
aeaa aeeaeiia n eaaeeeaie; ca ieie aea aeaa aeeaeiia, iaeei n ee?eyie
(aeeee?eai e o?eee?eai), a ae?oaie ni naa/ath; ca ieie aeaa aeeaeiia
n ?eieaeaie; ca ieie iaeei aeeaeii ian aaeeeee cai?anoieueiue e?ano;
i?i/ea aeeaeiiu oee ii aeaia ni naa/aie; ca ieie oee ii aeaia
nayuaiieee n iiouaiiuie aiec ?oeaie; ca ieie oaea e eaoiai. Anao aea
auoei ieiei noa /aeiaae e naeaeaee aaeeeia iieoe?oaeea; a eiaaea
aeaaeiiu iieaaeeee eeiiu e Aeaaeueo e iaeei ec ieo aicaeanee
“I?aioae?inoue, i?inoe”, oiaaea “Naaoa oeoee” iaee iaeie oieueei
nayuaiieee e aeeaeiiu. Eiaaea ia/aee iaoue neiaa “i?eoaaeua ia caiaae
nieioea”, oiaaea eaoiai ia i?aaue e eaaue eee?inu nioai?ee ii iaeiio
iieeiio e aioae a aeoa?ue; nayuaiieee ii aeaia oaeiaeaea nioai?eee;
aeeaeiiu a Oea?neeo a?aoao eaaeeee eaaeaeiai e aeiiaaaee noeo oaea a
aeoa?a”.
Nia?aiaiiay i?aeoeea ianeieueei ioee/aaony io onoaaiie: ii
ieii/aiee iaiey “Naaoa oeoee” aoi?ie aeeaeii, noiy e caiaaeo,
aicaeaoaao: “Aa/a?iee i?ieeiai” (aean i?ieeiia ia iaeaoaaony).
Nayuaiiineoaeeoaee iitho i?ieeiai e noeo i?ieeiia e oaea iinea yoiai
aoiaeyo a aeoa?ue.
Ai a?aiy aoiaea e iaiey “Naaoa oeoee” aeeeenea?oe caaeeaatho naa/e
ia oi?ina e iaieeaaeeeao e ia/eiatho eo ?anea/eaaoue.
“Niiaeiae, Ainiiaee” e ia?aiee /eoaao i?aaenoiyoaeue n
eaoaae?u. Eeoey ia Aoiia oaeaea eiaao naie iniaaiiinoe. Aoiineea
oeieeiiu, a ioee/ea io iaeanoeineeo e ae?oaeo nieneia
Ea?onaeeineiai onoaaa, i?aaeienuaatho ea?ath e aeeaeiio auoiaeeoue ia
eeoeth ia naaa?iie aeaa?ueth, a Nayouie a?aoaie. Ana oeieeiiu
oeacuaatho, /oi eeoey aeieaeia niaa?oaoueny ai aioo?aiiai
i?eoai?a: “Ii aicaeana (i?ineoaeueiie aeoaiuee. – I?ei. aao,)
enoiaeeo ea?ae n eaaeeeii Nayouie a?aoaie, a i?aaeianaiee
eaiiia?oii iiaenaa/ieea, enoiaeeo n eaoiaiii e iaaoeaie a ia?oee o?aia,
a eioi?ii iiai iau/iua o?iia?e” (Einoaiiieoneee oeieeii).
A iaeieo iiianou?yo eeoey niaa?oaaony n iaieai noeoe?u nayoiai
iaeoaee, e eioi?ie i?eniaaeeiythony Aiai?iaee/iua noeoe?u aeana eee
aeiaiaoe/aneea Iaaea Aii?aeneiai. Ia i?acaeie/iii aaeaiee noeoe?u
Aiai?iaeeoeu caiaiythony noeoe?aie i?acaeieea; iinea ieo neaaeoao
Aeiaiaoee. A Eaa?a i?aiiaeiaiiai Aoaianey Aoiineiai Aeiaiaoee
iiaony ia?aae /oaeioai?iie eeiiie Aiaeeae Iaoa?e “Eeiiiienna”,
eioi?ay iaoiaeeony neaaa io aeaaiuo (e?aniuo) aeaa?ae ec i?eoai?a a
o?ai. Aeey yoiai oi?u noiaeyony e ia?acotho iieoe?oaeea ia?aae eeiiie,
a aeeaeiiu ana a?aiy, iiea iiaony Aeiaiaoee, eaaeyo eeiio.
A ae?oaeo iiianou?yo iiaony oieueei noeoe?a nayoiai iaeoaee e
naiiaeanai i?acaeieea. Aiai?iaee/ai iinea “Neaaa, e iuia” ia iiaony
(oeieeii A?eai?eaoneiai iiianou?y). Oeieeii Iaioaeaeiiiianeiai
iiianou?y oeacuaaao oaeaea eaaeaeaiea ea?aai eee aeeaeiiii iaa/eo,
iithueo eeoeeiua noeoe?u. Ana noeoe?u iithony n eaiiia?oii.
A /anoe i?ioaiee eeoeeiie aeoaiee, eo eiee/anoaa e
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe aoiineea oeieeiiu aeiioneatho aieueoia
?aciiia?acea. Ia Nayoie Ai?a nio?aiyaony iaeanoeineay i?aeoeea
iieiaiiiai iiieiiaaiey ia eeoee aeeauo e oia?oeo. Iaeaieueoei
eiee/anoaii i?ioaiee ioee/aaony Oeeioaaaneee oeieeii, ii eioi?iio
e?iia /oaiey aeeioeoia iieaaaaony oanoue i?ioaiee. Ae?oaay
iniaaiiinoue yoiai oeieeiia: aicaean “Oneuoe iu, Aiaea” e iieeoao
“Aeaaeuei Iiiaiieeinoeaa” /eoaao nai i?aaenoiyoaeue.
Ii oeieeiio A?eai?eaoneiai iiianou?y, iieaaaaony anaai /aou?a
i?ioaiey (ionoonoaotho i?ioaiey “Iiieeoe ian, Aiaea” e i aieneiia),
caoi eaaeaeia ec ieo nii?iaiaeaeaaony ni?ieae?aoiui iaieai
“Ainiiaee, iiieeoe”. I?aeoeea eeoeeiuo i?ioaiee ii oeieeiio
Iaioaeaeiiiianeiai iiianou?y aiaeiae/ia A?eai?eaoneie. Ii
ni?ieae?aoiia “Ainiiaee, iiieeoe” iinea eaaeaeiai i?ioaiey yoio
onoaa iieaaaao oieueei a ceiiaa a?aiy. A eaoiee aea ia?eiae, ec-ca
e?aoeinoe ii/e, iinea ia?aiai i?ioaiey iaa/ea o?eaeaeu iitho “Ainiiaee,
iiieeoe”; caoai aeeaeii i?iaeieaeaao i?ieciineoue inoaaoeany i?ioaiey,
a iaa/ea iai?a?uaii iitho “Ainiiaee, iiieeoe”.
A Neiiiiiao?neii iiianou?a iinea ia?aiai i?ioaiey oi? iiao
“Ainiiaee, iiieeoe” ni?ie ?ac, iinea aoi?iai i?ioaiey – o?e ?aca;
oae aea e iinea o?aoueaai i?ioaiey (i aieneiia e eaoiaia n a?aoeae);
caoai iiae?yae neaaeotho ianeieueei i?ioaiee i aeeauo e oniioeo,
iinea eioi?uo oi? aaeeiiaeaeu iiao “Ainiiaee, iiieeoe”; ni?ie ?ac e
o?eaeaeu – iinea /oaiey aeeioeoia, ia/eiay n iieiaiiiai iiieiiaaiey
eoeoi?ia. Iineaaeiea i?ioaiey (“i aaea nio?aieoeny nayoae iaeoaee
nae” e o. ae.) i?ieciinyony aiaeiae/ii oeacaieyi
Iaioaeaeiiiianeiai oeieeiia.
Eioa?anioth ia?yaeiaoth iniaaiiinoue /eia eeoee a
Einoaiiieoneii iiianou?a i?aaenoaaeytho cae?uoea e?aniuo aeaa?ae iinea
oiai, eae eeoeeiay i?ioeanney aieaeao ec o?aia a i?eoai?, e ioe?uoea
yoeo aea aeaa?ae aiiaue, eiaaea ia/iaony iiieiiaaiea aeeauo e
oia?oeo. Aiciiaeii, yoio iau/ae iai?aaeai ia oi, /oiau ana noiyuea a
yoi a?aiy a o?aia iiaee neuoaoue /oaiea aeeioeoia e i?eiyoue o/anoea a
iaueo iieeoaao i aeeauo e oia?oeo.
Ia Aoiia nio?aiyaony ae?aaiee ii?yaeie ieii/aiey eeoee, eiaaea
nayuaiiee e aeeaeii ai a?aiy iaiey noeoe? ia noeoiaia ooiaeyo a
aeoa?ue, a Nayoua a?aoa cae?uaathony. “Ii eniieiaiee iieeoau iaaoeu
iitho noeoiaiua n eo noeoaie. Ea?ae n aeeaeiiii aoiaeyo a o?ai a
i?aaeianaiee iiaenaa/ieeia, caoai iiaenaa/ieee iinoaaeythony ii
noi?iiai oeaaia, ea?ae aea n aeeaeiiii o?eaeaeu niaa?oatho iieeii e
eeaiythony e oi?ai, e aoiaeyo ai nayoeeeua” (Oeeioaaaneee oeieeii).
Iienaiea eeoee aoaeao iaiieiui aac oiiieiaiey aua iaeiie
nouanoaothuae ia Nayoie Ai?a o?aaeeoeee. N o/aoii
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe i?acaeie/iiai aaeaiey (aa?eiiey ia iaiaae?
aianoa n eeoo?aeae i?iaeieaeaaony iau/ii 15-17 /ania), iinea ia?aiee
aeaeaaony iaaieueoie ia?a?ua aei Oanoiinaeiey. A oi a?aiy eae neoaeaa
eaeao naiei /a?aaeii, a?oea?ae, a ca iei e aieueoeinoai iaa/eo,
iiiaoia e iaeiiieeia, a nii?iaiaeaeaiee ianoiyoaey iai?aaeythony a
neiiaeee – cae aeey oi?aeanoaaiiuo i?eaiia, aaea ainoyi
i?aaeeaaatho o?aaeeoeeiiiia ainoi/iia oaiuaiea: /aoeo eioa ni
noaeaiii oieiaeiie aiaeu, ?thieo ?aeee (aoiineie aiaeee), neaaeinoe e
o?oeou. I?eieiay ai aieiaiea yoi ianoiyoaeuenoai, oeieeiiu
?ac?aoatho aeooaiea ieue aei Oanoiinaeiey.
Ioionoeoaeueiue o?iia?ue “Aiai?iaeeoea Aeaai” iitho iaa oi?a,
i?e/ai iinea eaaeaeie ec ainueie no?io iaa/ea eniieiytho oa?e?ai
(iniaue iaa/aneee i?eai, aaea iaeiaeey eiaao ii?aaeaeythuaa
cia/aiea. – I?ei. ?aae.) ia iaeei ec aeania Ieoieoa, ia/eiay n
ia?aiai. Yoio oei ianiiiaiey (eae e ciaeiiua ii
noa?iia?yae/aneiio aiaineoaeaieth aiaiaeee) a aecaioeeneii iaiee iineo
iacaaiea “e?aoeia” (io a?a/aneiai “e?aoani” – aea?aeo,
caaea?aeeaath). I?ienoiaeaeaiea e?aoei naycaii, ii-aeaeeiiio, n
aiaineoaeaaiui /eiii oea?eae Nayoie Nioee Eiinoaioeiiiieueneie, aaea
iie eiaee i?aeoe/aneia iacia/aiea – iie “caaea?aeeaaee” (ionthaea e
iacaaiea) aiaineoaeaiea, eiaaea yoi auei iaiaoiaeeii (iai?eia?,
aei i?eoiaea eiia?aoi?a, eioi?ue auiieiye ii?aaeaeaiiua
iaycaiiinoe ca aiaineoaeaieai), iicaieyy ecaaaaoue aeieaeo iaoc,
noieue io?eoeaoaeueii aini?eieiaaiuo i?aaineaaiui eeoo?ae/aneei
niciaieai. E?aoeiu e nae/an ia aiieia oo?aoeee naie ooeeeoa?iua
ooieoeee: iiieii i?eaeaiey i?acaeie/iie neoaeaa aieueoae
oi?aeanoaaiiinoe, iie iiiiaatho oeieea?th eee aeeeenea?oo ?aaoee?iaaoue
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aiaineoaeaiey. Ia Aoiia no?iai niaethaeaaony
ae?aaiaa oeacaiea Ea?onaeeineiai onoaaa: “Aeieaeii anoue aeeeenea?o
eiaoe iiannoai a inaeiiiaiee e a /oaiee, aea nieioeo ainoiaeyuo auaaao
ioiono”. Iiiooii caiaoei, /oi ii oie aea i?e/eia iaiouaieaioth
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue aoiineeo o?aiia ninoaaeytho /anu n aiai. Iaiea
“Aiai?iaeeoea Aeaai” n oa?e?aiii iiaeao i?iaeieaeaoueny io 40 ieioo
aei iieooi?a /ania.
*ei aeaaineiaaiey oeaaia, a?oieeaney (- oeaaii?aeiieaiea) ia Aoiia
oaeaea eiaao naie iniaaiiinoe. Ii oeieeiio Einoaiiieoneiai
iiianou?y, ai a?aiy iaiey ioionoeoaeueiiai o?iia?y “enoiaeeo ea?ae
Nayouie a?aoaie e eaaeeo oeaau e?oaii, ia aeaeay ei iieeiia, eai yoio
oeaa i?inoie e iaaeaaineiaaiiue; caoai, ieaaeea eaoiaia e nayoiai
iaeoaee (eeiio. – I?ei. aao.) e ioaeaa eaaeeei aeeeenea?oo, iooiaeeo e
aiaeith n oeaaaie, acya aea iaeei a ?oee, aiai?eo aaeaaeanii iieeoao.
Eiaaea aea neaaeao “Nai aeaaineiae e oeaau ney”, aeaeaao oeaaii,
eioi?ue aea?aeeo a ?oea, ciae e?anoa iaae i?i/eie oeaaaie e, eiaaea
neaaeao “ssei Ou ine aeaaineiaeyye e inayuaye”, iieaaaao oeaa ia ianoi
e naiae ?oeie aeaaineiaeyao ana oeaau, ioaieoeo, aeii e aeae; caoai,
iieeiieaoenue o?eaeaeu e nioai?ea iieeiiu e oi?ai, aoiaeeo ai
nayoie aeoa?ue. Aeeaaano aicaeaoaao: “Aoaee eiy Ainiiaeia
aeaaineiaaiii… Neaaa, e iuia” e “Aeaaineiaeth Ainiiaea…” aei “yei
ianoue eeoaiey aiyueiny Aai”. Ia?aue oi? iiao ia?aniaa “Aiaaoee
iaieuaoa”, e ii eniieiaiee naai ea?ae, noaa aioo?ue Nayouo a?ao e
niio?y e caiaaeo, aicaeaoaao: “Aeaaineiaaiea Ainiiaeia ia aan, Oiai
aeaaiaeaoeth…” e i?i/aa, neacaa i?aaeaea “Ainiiaeo iiiieeiny”.
I?aeoeee /oaiey 33-ai inaeia i?eaea?aeeaaaony aieueoeinoai
nayoiai?neeo iiianou?ae, iaeiaei ii oeieeiio Oeeioaaaneiai
iiianou?y yoio inaeii iiao eaiiia?o, iaaoeu aea – noeo “Aiaaoee
iaieuaoa” ia 7-e aean.
Iao iaeiiia?acey e a oeacaieyo oeieeiiia ioiineoaeueii
aeooaiey aeaaineiaaiiiai oeaaa. Oeeioaaaneee onoaa oeacuaaao
?acaeaaaoue a?aoee oeaa e ii /aoa aeia “o?oaea ?aaee aaeaiiiai, eae yoi
ecae?aaea i?eiyoi io nayouo iooeia”. Oeieeii
Iaioaeaeiiiianeiai iiianou?y aeiaaaeyao, /oi “oeaaii?aeiieaiea ia
anaaaea auaaao, ii oieueei a ceiiaa a?aiy, eiaaea
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiu ii/e, oi anoue io Aicaeaeaeaiey *anoiaai E?anoa aei
Aaeeeie Ianoe”. A?eai?eaoneee oeieeii aiai?eo: “Eaea?ue, ?aceiiea
oeaau, ?acaeaao a?aoeyi, oaeaea e ii iaeiie /aoa aeia”, ii caoai
i?eaaaeyao, /oi “iuia aea naai ia auaaao”. Nia?aiaiiay i?aeoeea
i?eie?yao yoe ?acii?a/eaua oeacaiey oeieeiiia: oeaau, i?iieoaiiua aeiii,
?acaeathony aianoa n aioeaei?ii ia eeoo?aee, n?aco iinea i?e/auaiey.
Enoaoe, yoa i?aeoeea nouanoaiaaea oaea ai a?aiaia A.A. Aa?neiai. A
naiai iienaiee /eia aeooaiey aeaaineiaaiiiai oeaaa a Eaa?a
i?aiiaeiaiiai Aoaianey A. A?eai?iae/-Aa?neee ieoao: “E aioeaei?
ii?acaaoe, eciineo (aeeeenea?o) aia aeoa?y a a?aiy, aaaea iiaony “E
anao e any”. Aaaea aea anoue aaeaiea, oiaaea e oeaaa aeaaineiaaiiaai
/anou oaii iieaaathony e aceiatho nae ii /eio”.
E /anoiui iniaaiiinoyi /eia oeaaiaeaaineiaaiey ioiineony iaiea a
A?eai?eaoneii iiianou?a ia aine?aniii aaeaiee, anee iao iaiyoe
ia?i/eoiai nayoiai, aeaaaeaeu o?iia?y nayoeoaeth Ieeieath
Ie?eeeeeneiio, eiaie eioi?iai iinayuai iiianou?ue, e
iaeiie?aoiiai “Aiai?iaeeoea Aeaai”. Ae?oaay iniaaiiinoue – eaaeaeaiea a
Oeeioaaaneii iiianou?a ia?aae oeaaiaeaaineiaaieai ia oieueei eaoiaia
e oeaaia, ii oaeaea eeiiu O?enoa e Aiai?iaeeoeu a eeiiinoana.
*oaiea, onoaiiaeaiiia onoaaii ai a?aiy oeaaiaeooaiey, ianiio?y
ia ionoonoaea naiiai oeaaiaeooaiey, ia Aoiia no?iai niaethaeaaony.
Iinea aicaeana ea?ay aeeaaano ia/eiaao /oaiea, noiy ia iioaeeiia
eeoeii e caiaaeo.
Ii iaeiei oeieeiiai, i?aaeiaoii /oaiey yaeyaony Nayuaiiia Ienaiea
Iiaiai Caaaoa: “aaaeaoe iiaeiaaao, /oi io iaaeaee Ianoe aei
Iyoeaeanyoieoeu ia yoii /oaiee, aiai?th aea i aaeeeie aa/a?ia,
/eoathony Aeayiey aiinoieia, a i?i/ea aea iaaeaee anaai a?aiaie
(aiaea. – I?ei. aao.) 7 Niai?iuo Iineaiee e 14 nayoiai aiinoiea Iaaea,
e Aiieaeeinen Aiaineiaa” (oeieeii Iaioaeaeiiiianeiai iiianou?y).
Oeieeii Oeeioaaaneiai iiianou?y i?aaeienuaaao /oaiea “Neiaa”
a /anoue I?anayoie Aiai?iaeeoeu: “ia/eiaaony /oaiea oae: Neiai ia
i?acaeiee I?anayoie Aeaaeu/eoeu iaoae Aiai?iaeeoeu”. Einoaiiieoneee
oeieeii inoaaeyao i?aaeiao /oaiee ia oniio?aiea aeeeenea?oa:
“eaiiia?o, neacaa “aieiue”, /eoaao iieiaeaiiia aeeeenea?oii /oaiea”.
Oaeia ?aciiia?acea a niaea?aeaiee aaeeeiai /oaiey ioia/aao A.
A?eai?iae/-Aa?neee. I /oaiee a Eaa?a i?aiiaeiaiiai Aoaianey ii
aiai?eo, /oi oai “ia aaeaieyo auaatho /oaiey /aou?a: ia?aia /oao
eaiiia?o, io aeeoey eee iioaaeu i?acaeioaiiai; aoi?ia /oao /anoiaeoee
eoi, ii ia?aie eaoenia, io inoaaeoaainy i?aaeaeiyai iio/aiey; o?aoea,
ii iieeaeae, aua ciaiaieoiia eeoea, ne ano eoi io i?ieaoiaiia;
/aoaa?oia nai eaoiai, ii o?aoae ianiu eaiiia. Neiaena? aea, ii 6-e
ianie, ia iin?aaea oea?eau, ii ia iaeieoeu eee?ina io eaiiia?oa
/oaooea. A iaaeaeu aea, ii o?ie/iuo, 1-a /oaiea /oao eaiiia?o,
io oieeiaaiiaai Aiinoiea; 2-a /oaiea eiue, ii ia?aie eaoenia, eee io
aeeoey i?acaeioaiiai nayoaai, eee io aanaaeu Ceaoionoaai, oieeothuae
Aaaiaaeea, ii ?yaeiie iaaeaeu; o?aoo eoi io niai?iuo (noa?oeaa. –
I?ei. aao.) io oiaiaeaea inoaaeoaainy neiaa, aaea ii eiaeie, i?aae
aioeoiiaiu; /aoaa?oia ia?aainoaoye eoi, oaeiaeaea io inoaaeoaainy
iio/aiey, ii o?aoae ianiu… Ii iaaeaeyi aea Aaeeeaai ianoa /oaiey
auaatho 4: aeaa io Oanoiaeiaaey nayoaai Aaneeey, a aeaa iineaaee
oi?aeanoaaiia, ii ?yaeiaie iaaeaeu… Ia/aioe aea io Oiieiie
iaaeaee, ii anai iaaeaeyi, aeaaea aei Iyoeaeanyoieoeu /oaiey
/aou?a: 1) io Aeayiee nayouo Aiinoie; 2) Aaaiaaeey Eiaiia
oieeiaaiiaai, 3) e 4) io Aaaiaaeey ?yaeiaie iaaeaee, ne ano io aanaae
ia ?yaeiaia Aaaiaaeea”.
Ec neacaiiiai neaaeoao, /oi ia Aoiia i?aaeiaoii /oaiee neoaeeo
ia noieueei Nayuaiiia Ienaiea Iiaiai Caaaoa, neieueei aai oieeiaaiea e
ii nayce n iei nayoiioa/aneea oai?aiey, a ia aaeaieyo nayoui –
aeeoeeiua iiaanoaiaaiey e iioaaeueiua neiaa yoei nayoui. Ii
naiaio iino?iaieth /oaiey, eae i?aaeei, ninoaaeytho aaeeiia
oeaeia, aaea iineaaeothuaa /oaiea yaeyaony i?iaeieaeaieai
i?aaeuaeouaai. Oaeay nenoaia aucaaia iaiaoiaeeiinoueth niaethaeaoue
oeacaiea oeieeiia i caaa?oaiee aaeaiey i?e ainoiaea nieioea e aeaao
aeeeenea?oo, eioi?ue nai ?aaoee?oao iauai oiai eee eiiai /oaiey,
n?aaenoai aeey eiio?iey iaae i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth aa?eiiee. A yoii
ioiioaiee /oaiey, ii iaoeiio au?aaeaieth a?oeiaiae?eoa Aioiieia
(Eaionoeia), yaeythony “iaeeo/oei iiaenii?ueai e ?anoyaeaieth
anaiiuiiai aaeaiey aeaenoaeoaeueii ia anth ii/ue”.
A ioiioaiee niaa?oaiey Oanoiinaeiey e iineaaeothuae /anoe oo?aie
aei iieeaeay aoiineea iiianou?e i?eaea?aeeaathony iaueo i?aaee
Ea?onaeeineiai onoaaa. Oanoiinaeiea i?aaeaa?yaony caiiii a eieieiea e
aeea, /eoaaony i?aaenoiyoaeai eee “o/eiaiiui” iiiaoii. A ia/aea
/oaiey naa/e e eaiiaaeu aanyony, e o?ai iie?uaaaony i?aeii. E
/anoiui iniaaiiinoyi ioiineony oeacaiea oeieeiia A?eai?eaoneiai
iiianou?y ea?ath /eoaoue oo?aiiea iieeoau ia i?aae Nayouie
a?aoaie, a ia?aae eeiiie O?enoa. Oeieeii Oeeioaaaneee oeacuaaao
aianoi iau/iuo /aou?ao noeoia ia “Aia Ainiiaeue” o?e iniauo e
o?iae?aoiia iaiea o?iia?y: “Iaaaoe ia/eiaao “Aia Ainiiaeue” ia
aean ioionoeoaeueiiai (o?iia?y. – I?ei. aao.), eaiiia?o aea ia/eiaao
iin?aaeeia o?aia, aiai?eo noeoe: noeo 1-e “Eniiaaaeaeoany Ainiiaeaae”,
noeo 2-e “E i eiaie Ainiiaeie i?ioeaeyony”, noeo 3-e “Io Ainiiaea
aunoue nae”, oaeaea o?iia?ue aeaaieai o?eaeaeu”. *oi eanaaony
iieiaeaiiuo iinea eaoeci /oaiee, oi oieueei oeieeii
Iaioaeaeiiiianeiai iiianou?y oeacuaaao eo niaa?oaiea iinea 1-e e 2-e
eaoeci e iieeaeay. Ae?oaea oeieeiiu iieaaatho oieueei aeaa /oaiey:
iinea 1-e e 2-e eaoeci.
A ia/aea /oaiey eaoeci i?aaenoiyoaeue ioeaaaao iaioeth e eaeao
a iaeei ec ia?aeeenia, eioi?ua iau/ii ono?iaiu ii aieai i?eoai?a e ia
niiauathony n inoaeueiuie /anoyie o?aia. Oai i?aaenoiyoaeue, noiy
a eaoiaineie noaneaeee a aieo?aoeee, aneoo /eoaao i?aaeei ei Nayoiio
I?e/auaieth aeey nayuaiiineoaeeoaeae, iiiaoia e iaeiiieeia,
aioiayueony e I?e/anoeth.
Iieeaeaeiua inaeiu (134-e e 135-e) iithony iieiinoueth. Ia?aae
ia/aeii iaiey 134-ai inaeia eaiiia?o a?iiei aicaeaoaao: “?aae
Ainiiaeie”. Caoai iithony naie inaeiu ia aeaa eeea n i?eiaaii
“aeeeeoea” e eaaeaeiio noeoo. Ai a?aiy iaiey iieeaeaeiuo
inaeiia aeeeenea?oe niaa?oatho eaaeaeaiea o?aia e i?eoai?a, i /ai aua
aoaeao neacaii ieaea.
Eca?aiiua noeoe ec Aeaaeaeiauo inaeiia (oae iacuaaaiue
eca?aiiue inaeii, a?a/.- yeeiae) iithony iieiinoueth ia aeaa eeea.
Iieeaeae a i?eau/iii aeey ian aeaea – n eaaeaeaieai anaai o?aia
i?aaenoiyoaeai, auoiaeii aeooiaainoaa ia na?aaeeio o?aia e iaieai
aaee/aiey ia?aae eeiiie i?acaeieea – ia Aoiia niaa?oaaony oieueei a
Iaioaeaeiiiianeii iiianou?a. A?aee, oioy ei yoi e a aeeeiaeieo,
i ?onneii iieeaeaa iocuaathony aanueia iaeia?eoaeueii. Aeaaea ia
i?anoieueiue i?acaeiee (iaiaae?) Iaioaeaeiiiianeiai iiianou?y,
eiaaea i?eaeaoaaony iiuoiue a?a/aneee oeieea?ue, iieeaeae
niaa?oaaony ii ?onneiio iau/ath, oioy ai anai inoaeueiii
(iai?eia?, aeaiiiiacaiee) a?aee ianoaeaatho ia iaoeinieoaeueiii
niaethaeaiee aoiineeo ii?yaeeia.
I iaiee “Iaii?i/iuo” oeieeii Iaioaeaeiiiianeiai iiianou?y aiai?eo:
“noeoineiaei iaii?i/iu ia o?e noaoee, e ii niaa?oaiee “Iaii?i/iuo”
aine?aniua o?iia?e ia 5-e aean “Aiaaeueneee niai?” e i?i/aa, aiai?y
ia?aae eaaeaeui ec ieo noeo “Aeaaineiaai ane, Ainiiaee, iao/e iy
ii?aaaeaieai Oaiei”, ia O?ie/ai aea “Neaaa” e ia Aiai?iaee/ai “E iuia”,
caoai “Aeeeeoea, aeeeeoea, aeeeeoea, neaaa Oaaa, Aiaea” ia yoio aean”.
Iieeaeae ia Aoiia, aaconeiaii, yaeyaony naiie
oi?aeanoaaiiie /anoueth oo?aie, a aiciiaeii, e anae aa?eiiee. Ia
iieeaeaa eaiaeeeaiou caaeeaatho eaiiaaeu e naa/e ia iaieeaaeeeao e
oi?ina e n iiiiuueth niaoeeaeueiuo oanoia n e?theaie ia/eiatho eo
?anea/eaaoue. I?e a?auaiee ia/euaiiua aei aeanea iaoaeee/aneea oeao?ee
io iiiaeanoaa ai?yueo naa/ ia?aeeaathony ?aciioeaaoiui aeaneii.
Oi?aeanoaaiiinoue ianoaiiaee onoaoaeyaony caiiii a eeaiaei e
eaaeaeaieai, eioi?ia niaa?oaaony aeaoiy aeeeenea?oaie a iaioeyo i?e
iiiiue eaoeae – iniaie ?o/iie eaaeeeueieoeu. Ii oi?ia eaoeay iaiiieiaao
iau/ioth eaaeeeueieoeo, ii aianoi oeaii/ae e ieaeiae aa /aoa/ea
i?eaeaeuaaaony ?oeiyoea, iie?uoay oiieei ?aciui iaoaeee/aneei eenoii,
?anoe?ythueiny ii ia?a oaeaeaiey io /aoa/ee e n cae?oaeaieai ia
eiioea, e eioi?iio ia iaaieueoeo oeaii/eao i?ee?aieaiu o?e aoaaioea,
caaiyuea i?e eaaeaeaiee io oaea?a eo ia eieioue eaaeyuaai.
Eaoeath aea?aeao ia ca oiiiyioooth ?o/eo, a ca ae?oaoth, eioi?ay
iaoiaeeony iiae eenoii e niaaeeiaia n iniiaiie ?o/eie. Aa?oiyy /aoa/ea
eaoeae iau/ii aeaeaaony a aeaea oea?eiaee. Aeey eaaeaeaiey aeeeenea?oe
i?eeeaaeuaatho e i?aaiio iea/o iaeei eiiaoe aieueoie iaeaiu eee
aicaeooa, a ae?oaie eiiaoe aea?aeao a i?aaie ?oea aianoa n ?o/eie
eaoeae. Eaaeaeaiea n iiiiuueth eaoeae niaa?oaaony, ii neiaai A.
A?eai?iae/a-Aa?neiai, “ia eeoo?aee ia O?enayoii, ia iiaa/a?ieoea, ia
eaiiia, ia ia?aeeena Aiai?iaee/iii e ia iieaaiao nayouo, ia
iieeaeaa e ia iaeie aa/a?ie i?aae aaeaieai”, a oaeaea i?e enoiaeaeaiee
ia o?aiaco e a eiioea /eia i iaiaaee.
Eiie Ia?oaiee, iienuaay i?acaeie/iia aaeaiea a
Iaioaeaeiiiianeii iiianou?a, caia/aao, /oi “iieeaeae iaee ana o?e
inaeia ii noeoai ii/oe aeaa /ana. Ia iieeaeaa caaeaee ia iaieeaaeeeao
e ia oi?ina ana naa/e, e iaieeaaeeea ana ?anea/eaaee. E auei
aaeeeia a o?aia oi?aeanoai”.
I?ieeiai i?acaeieea ni noeoii i?ieciineo eaiiia?o ia
na?aaeeia o?aia, iinea /aai oai?eo iiyniie iieeii ia i?aaue e eaaue
eee?inu, a i?ieeiai ia?aae Aaaiaaeeai ni noeoii iiaony ia aeaa eeea
neaaeothuei ia?acii: /oaoe aicaeaoaao- “Anyeia aeuoaiea”, eaaue eee –
i?ieeiai, i?aaue – noeo, eaaue – “Aea oaaeeo aeuoaiea”, i?aaue eee
caeai/eaaao: “Anyeia Ainiiaea”.
Aine?aniia Aaaiaaeea /eoaaony neoaeauei ea?iiiiaoii ia i?aaie
noi?iia i?anoiea, a a inoaeueiuo neo/ayo – a Oea?neeo a?aoao, eeoeii
e ia?iaeo.
Aine?anioth ianiue iinea Aaaiaaeey /eoaao i?aaenoiyoaeue ia
eaoaae?a. Caoai neaaeoao /ei oeaeiaaiey, eae ii iienai a
Ea?onaeeineii onoaaa: “Ea?ae, acya a ?oee nayoia Aaaiaaeea e aueaey
Nayouie a?aoaie, eaeao e noaiiaeony iin?aaeeia o?aia (ia iioaeeiia. –
I?ei. aao.), a i?aaeianaiee aio eaiiaaeu, e eaeao eaoiai e oeaeoao
nayoia Aaaiaaeea, aeaeay iaeei iieeii ia?aae oeaeiaaieai e iaeei iinea
iaai, oaeaea e a?aoey ii aeaia ec oiai e ae?oaiai oi?a, a oaeaea e ec
i?eoai?a, aeaeay iiaeiaiia aio”.
Ia?aae ia/aeii iaiey eaiiia eaiiia?o iaeaoaao ia/aei ia?aiai
e?iina e i?eiaa. O?iia?e eaiiia iithony aeaoiy oi?aie iiia?aiaiii n
eaiiia?oii ia aean e?iinia. A yoi aea a?aiy aeeaeiiu niaa?oatho
eaaeaeaiea, eae e ia “Ainiiaee, aiccaao”. Ia o?aoueae ianie,
ia?aae /oaieai eaiaeeeaiou aanyo naa/e ia iaieeaaeeeao e oi?ina.
Iinea oanoie ianie oaeaea auaaao /oaiea. Ia ainueiie ianie naa/e
aiiaue caaeeaatho. Eaaeaeaiea ia?aae “*anoiaeoae” niaa?oaaony
aeeaeiiaie, eae a ia/aea eaiiia. Aianoi Aiai?iaee/iie eeiiu a
eeiiinoana aeeaeiiu ai a?aiy iaiey “*anoiaeoae” eaaeyo eeiio Aiaeeae
Iaoa?e a i?ineeieoa?ee. Aicaean aeeaeiia ia?aae “*anoiaeoae”
ianeieueei eciaiai ii n?aaiaieth n ?onneie i?aeoeeie: “Aiai?iaeeoeo e
Iaoa?ue Naaoa a ianiao ii/eoathua, aicaaee/ei”. Naaoeeai iiaony
i?ioiinaeoii iin?aaee o?aia.
I aicaeana ea?ay ia?aae oaaeeoiaie eioa?aniia caia/aiea iu iaoiaeei
o a?oeaieneiia Aaneeey (E?eaioaeia), eioi?ue nai ieiei 20 eao i?iaeee
ia Aoiia a Iaioaeaeiiiianeii iiianou?a. A?a/aneee aa?eaio yoiai
aicaeana (“ssei Oy oaaeyo any neeu iaaaniuy e Oaaa neaao
ainnueatho”) a aieueoae noaiaie iiae/a?eeaaao einie/aneee
aniaeo iaoaai nianaiey, /ai neaayineee (“e Oaaa neaao
ainnueaai”), eioi?ue, ii iiaieth a?oeaieneiia Aaneeey, aieaa
aio?iiioeaio?e/ai.
Ia oaaeeoao iithony ana o?e inaeia aioeoiiii. Ai a?aiy iaiey
oaaeeoiuo inaeiia auaaao iiiacaiea. Anao, a oii /enea e
nayuaiiineoaeeoaeae, iiiacoao ea?ae ec eaiiaaeu, eioi?ay anth
neoaeao ai?eo iaae i?acaeie/iie eeiiie e iiaeaaoaia e caaeiae
noaiea i?ineeieoa?ey. Aeey iiiacaiey iau/ii eniieuecoaony
no?o/aoe, ia eiioea eioi?iai ianaaeaia aoaea eee eoni/ae aaou. Ii a
iaeioi?uo aoiineeo iiianou?yo nio?aiyaony ae?aaiee iau/ae iiiacaiey
aeaoiy ia?noaie, i eioi?ii oiiieiaaony a ?oeiiene 1346 aiaea ec
aeaeeioaee Aaoiiaaeneiai iiianou?y: “Anee aea eaoiai oaeinoiai
ea?aeneiai naia, oi ii nai iiiacoao a?aoee, iia?oaeay naie aeaa
iaeueoea a aeae”. Anee a iiianou?a anoue iiue i?acaeioaiiai nayoiai, eo
auiinyo ec aeoa?y e iieaaatho neaaa io i?ineeieoa?ey ia iniaii
noieeea, iie?uoii iaeaiie. Iiuai i?aaeoanoaoao eaiaeeeaio n
caaeaeaiiui iaioaeii, eioi?ue noaaeony neaaa io ieo. I?e auiina
nayouo iiuae ana aeaeatho iiyniie iieeii e iaiaaeatho aieiao. Oi aea e
i?e oianaiee eo a aeoa?ue, i?e/ai ea?ae ec Oea?neeo a?ao
e?anoiia?acii aeaaineiaeyao eie iieyueony. A?aoey iiaeoiaeyo iiae
iiiacaiea ii aeaia, nioai?ea o?e iiyniuo iieeiia ia?aae eeiiie e iaeei
caiiie ia?aae iiuaie. Iinea neaaineiaey iiue oiinyo ia?aoii a aeoa?ue.
Oaeay i?aeoeea ia niaeanoaony n ae?aaiaeoeie oeacaieyie
oeieeiiia, eioi?ua i?aaeienuaatho niaa?oaoue iiiacaiea iinea
ioionoa oo?aie: “Niae?aainy ana i?aae i?ineeieoa?eai, e eaaeeo ea?ae
eee aeeaeii nayooth eeiio e i?aaenoiyoaey, caoai a?aoee e niiaa nayooth
eeiio, caoai, naeaeaa ianee/iue iiiacie e iiaeioa aai ai nayooth
eaiiaaeo, aea?aeeo aai. I?eoae aea i?aaenoiyoaeue e iieeiieaoenue e
iioeaeiaaa nayooth eeiio, eaeao e ea?ath, e anee ii/oai aeinoieinoaii
nayuainoaa, oi, acya iiiacie ec ?oe ea?ay, i?aaeaea iiiacuaaao nai naay,
caoai ea?ay, iioii, anee oi/ao, nai iiiacuaaao a?aoee, anee aea iao,
oi ioaeaao iiiacie ea?ath, e oio iiiacuaaao eo, anee aea i?aaenoiyoaeue
iaiinayuaiiue, oi, ii iiiacaiee ea?aai, noaiiaeony ia aai ianoi;
caoai iiaeoiaeyo a?aoey ii /eio e, iieeiieaoenue e iioeaeiaaa (eeiio.
– I?ei. aao.) e aoaeo/e iiiacaiu, niiaa eeaiythony e, nioai?ea iieeiiu
e a?aoeyi ia eee?ina, eiaaea eaoiai ioaaoeo ei iieeiiii,
noaiiayony ia naie ianoa. Ii iiiacaiee anao aicaeaoaao ea?ae: “Oneuoe
iu, Aiaea… Ie? anai. Aeaau iaoa Ainiiaeaae i?aeeiiei” e aiai?eo
iieeoao “Aeaaeuei Iiiaiieeinoeaa, Ainiiaee…”. E ii niaa?oaiee naai –
“I?eeaeeoa, iieeiieiny” e, enoaae a i?eoai?, iiai 1-e /an” (oeieeii
Iaioaeaeiiiianeiai iiianou?y). Iai?ioea yoiai oeacaiey oeieeiia naeaeaia
caienue, io?aaeathuay nia?aiaiiue ii?yaeie: “yoi ae?aaiaeoee /ei, iuia
aea, eiaaea iithony oaaeeoiu, nieiaao naaeie/iue oaeiiue e,
iioeaeiaaa eeiio e nioai?ea iiiaceii ia?ac e?anoa ia iae,
iiiacoao…”.
*anoiie iniaaiiinoueth aiaineoaeaiey a A?eai?eaoneii
iiianou?a yaeyaony iaiea ia “Nayo Ainiiaeue Aia iao” noeoia
“Aiciineoa Ainiiaea Aiaa iaoaai” e “ssei nayo anoue…” aianoi
iauai?eiyouo onoaaaie noeoia. Ia “Nue aeaaineiaai” aeeaaano
ioaa/aao: “Ooaa?aee, Ainiiaee Aiaea, nayooth e iaii?i/ioth aa?o
aeaai/anoeauo e i?aaineaaiuo o?enoeai ni nayoith Naiath Oea?eiaueth e
nayoie iaeoaeueth nae, nayoie ai?ie nae ai aaee aaeia” e “Aa/iay
iaiyoue nayoui e i?eniiiaiyoiui eoeoi?ai nayouy iaeoaee ney”.
Eeoey ii ioionoa niaa?oaaony a i?eoai?a (eae yoi oeacaii a
eiinoaioeiiiieueneeo nieneao Ea?onaeeineiai onoaaa) n oie eeoue
?acieoeae, /oi aeaiiiiacaiea ia?aiineony ia oaaeeoiu, eae oaea
aiai?eeinue auoa.
N?aco iinea 1-ai /ana auaaao iaeia inayuaiea aiaeu, eioi?ia
niaa?oaaony a oeaea. Aoiineee oeae i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaaieueooth
aanaaeeo ec i?aii?a, e?oaeoth a iiia?a/ieea, noa?e/aneee eoiie
eioi?ie iiaeaea?aeeaatho ainaiue e aieaa eieiii, niaaeeiaiiuo iaaeaeo
niaie ia?aai?iaeeie aunioie aei 70 naioeiao?ia. N ainoiea e
caiaaea iaaeaeo eieiiiaie inoaaeai i?ioiae. A oeaio?a yoie aanaaeee ia
iinoaiaioa iaoiaeeony /aoa aeey inayuaiey aiaeu. ?acia?u i?aii?iie /aoe
a iaeioi?uo iiianou?yo aeinoeaatho 6-7 iao?ia a aeeaiao?a.
Iau/ii oeae ?aniieiaeai ni?aaa io aeaaiiai aoiaea a niai?.
Aiaeiinayuaiea niaa?oaao eaoiai i?e o/anoee anao ea?iiiiaoia.
Niaoeeaeueii aeey i?acaeie/iiai aiaeiinayuaiey ec ?ecieoeu
i?eiineony ?aciie aea?aayiiue e?ano n iiaenoaaeie, eiathuee
/anoeoeo AEeaioai?yuaai E?anoa Ainiiaeiy. Ii ieii/aiee
aiaeiinayuaiey a?aoey e iaeiiieee iiaeoiaeyo e eaoiaio, eioi?ue aeaao
ei aeey oeaeiaaiey e?ano e ie?iieyao nayoie aiaeie. Ia Aoiia aeey
ie?iieaiey eniieuecotho ia i?eau/iia iai e?iieei, a aaoi/eo aaceeeea.
Aa?iyoii, yoio iau/ae ia?aoae ia Nayooth Ai?o ec iaeanoeineeo
iiianou?ae. Ii i?aaeaieth, eonou aaceeeea (a?a/. aaneeeein), oi anoue
oea?noaaiiue) iie?uaaee anth Aieaioo e naiei aeaai?iaeiui aeaaiooaieai
i?eaeaeee aieiaiea nayoie oea?eoeu Aeaiu, eiaaea iia eneaea
AEeaioai?yuee E?ano Ainiiaeaiue. Aei neo ii? aaceeee i/aiue
?ani?ino?aiai ia Aeeaeiai Ainoiea.
Aua iaeia aoiineay iniaaiiinoue /eia aiaeiinayuaiey – auiin aeey
iieeiiaiey ii/oe anao eiathueony a iaeoaee nayouo iiuae. Eia/aae n
iiuaie ?annoaaeytho ii e?ayi aiaeinayoiie /aoe e ana i?eeeaaeuaathony e
nayoui iiuai ia?aae oai, eae iiaeieoe iiae ie?iieaiea.
I?ineiieaeey niaa?oaaony ai a?aiy /oaiey a i?eoai?a 3-ai e 6-ai
/ania, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo eiaao naie ioiono. Ii ieii/aiee i?ineiieaeee
ea?ae a aeoa?a caiieo a eieieieue/ee, i?e yoii iiiaoe auoiaeyo ec
noaneaeee, nieiatho eaieeaaee e, neeiiea aieiau, iiieiatho aeeauo e
oia?oeo. Ea?ae a yoi a?aiy auieiaao /anoeoeu ec i?inoi?u. I?e
a?oea?aeneii neoaeaiee ioiono i?ineiieaeee aeaeaao aieneii iinea
oae iacuaaaiie a?oea?aeneie i?ineiieaeee ia?aae Aaeeeei auoiaeii.
Ii ioionoa /ania oi? iiao “Aeinoieii anoue” e o?iia?ue
i?acaeieea o?eaeaeu. A yoi a?aiy a?oea?ae noiaeeo n eaoaae?u e
aunooiaao ia na?aaeeio o?aia. Ec aeoa?y ii aeaia auoiaeyo aeeaeiiu n
aeeee?eai e o?eee?eai e nayuaiieee n /anoyie a?oea?aeneiai iaea/aiey e
noaiiayony iieoe?oaii ia?aae a?oea?aai. Aeaa aeeaeiia iaea/atho
aieneiia, a iaeei ec aeeaeiiia n aeeee?eai i?ieciineo iieiaeaiiua ia
/ei iaea/aiey a?oea?ay iieeoau. Ii iaea/aiee a?oea?ae aeaaineiaeyao
ia?iae naa/aie, a oi? iiao aeieaia “En iieea”.
Caoai a?oea?ae i?eieiaao aeace e aica?auaaony ia eaoaae?o. Aeaa
aeeaeiia ni naa/aie, noaa ii iaa noi?iiu Oea?neeo a?ao, iii/a?aaeii
aicaeaoatho: “Nayuaiieoeu ecuaeeoa; ecuaeeoa nayuaiieoeu”.
Ea?ae ii-aeaia auoiaeyo Oea?neeie a?aoaie e noaiiayony i?ioea ieo
iieoe?oaii, eeoeii e ainoieo. Eaoiai aa?ao aeaaineiaaiea o
aieneiia e aica?auaaony a aeoa?ue. Aei O?enayoiai eeoo?aey niaa?oaaony
iau/iui ii?yaeeii.
I?ioanni? A. A. Aeieo?eaaneee ioia/aao, /oi a Eaa?a
i?aiiaeiaiiai Aoaianey iaeiaaeaeu a aiae ia iaeii aoiaea auiineony
Aaaiaaeea – aeeaae eiia?ao?eoeu Aeecaaaou Iao?iaiu. Aan eieae a
ianneaiii iiciei/aiiii ieeaaea ninoaaeyao ianeieueei ioaeia, e aa n
o?oaeii oaea?aeeaatho aeaa aeeaeiia.
Eae oaea aiai?eeinue, ia iaiaae? i?eaeaoathony /eaiu
Nayuaiiiai Eeiioa (nia?aiey) – aeooiaiiai oi?aaeaiey Nayoie Ai?u,
eioi?ia ninoieo ec 20 aioei?iniiia, i?aaenoaaeoaeae eaaeaeiai ec
aoiineeo iiianou?ae. A eo /anoue ia?aae O?enayoui, e?iia iieiaeaiiuo
o?iia?ae e eiiaeaeia, oi? eniieiyao o?iia?e i?acaeieeia eee nayouo,
eiaie eioi?uo iinayuaiu iiianou?e, niaethaeay i?e yoii oeacaiiue
aoiineei aeeioeoii ii?yaeie. Eneeth/aiea aeaeaaony oieueei aeey
I?ioaienoaoa, eee I?ioa, i?aaenaaeaoaey Nayuaiiiai Eeiioa:
o?iia?ue aai iiianou?y eniieiyaony ia?aui. Ia “E iuia” eiiaeae
“Aca?aiiie Aiaaiaea” iiaony ii noeoai nayuaiiineoaeeoaeyie a aeoa?a e
iaieie oi?aie.
Aicaean a?oea?ay ia?aae O?enayoui ianeieueei ioee/aaony io
oeacaiiiai a Ea?aoeeiia e Aaoieiaee: “ssei nayo ane, Aiaea iao, e Oaaa
neaao e o?enayooth ianiue ainnueaai…” Aeaa aeeaeiia iii/a?aaeii
aicaeaoatho neiaa: “Ainiiaee, niane aeaai/anoeauy”, iiaoi?yaiua
oi?aie. Caoai ia?aue aeeaeii aicaeaoaao: “E oneuoe iu”, a aoi?ie: “E ai
aaee aaeia”.
O?enayoia eniieiyaony neaaeothuei ia?acii. Nia/aea aai
iieiinoueth iitho iaa oi?a, caoai “Neaao” – ia?aue oi?, “E iuia” –
aoi?ie oi?, “Nayoue Aannia?oiue” – ia?aue oi?.
Nayuaiiineoaeeoaee a aeoa?a iitho “Nayoue Aiaea”. A?oea?ae
auoiaeeo a oeaio? o?aia (ia iioaeeii) n aeeee?eai e o?eee?eai e
aicaeaoaao: “N iaaana i?ec?e, Ainiiaee, e aeaeaeue…”, a ia?aue oi?
caeai/eaaao iaiea O?enayoiai. Caoai aeeaeii, noiy eeoeii e caiaaeo,
i?ieciineo aicaean “Aeeiaien” (oi anoue “Auoiei aeanii”). Oi?u
iiaoi?ytho yoio aicaean e aiiaue iitho O?enayaoia ii /anoyi iniaui
iaaeeaiiui ?aniaaii, i?eiaaay e eaaeaeie /anoe oa?e?ai.
Oaeia iaiau/aeii oi?aeanoaaiiia eniieiaiea O?enayoiai,
nii?iaiaeaeaaiia ?anea/eaaieai oi?ina e iaieeaaeee e eaaeaeaieai
o?aia aeaoiy aeeeenea?oaie a iaioeyo e n eaoeayie, i?iaeieaeaaony aieaa
iieo/ana.
N?aco iinea O?enayoiai aeeaeii aicaeaoaao oi?aeanoaaiiia
iiiaieaoea neoaeauaio aieneiio: “Eiy?ae,
Aunieii?ainayuaiiaeoaio e aiaiiinoaaeaiiiio ieo?iiieeoo nayoaeoae
ieo?iiieee (iieiia iaeiaiiaaiea aia?oee), iaoaio aea iooeo e ea?a?oo
iiiaay eaoa”. Iiiaieaoea iii/a?aaeii iiaoi?ytho nayuaiiineoaeeoaee a
aeoa?a e iaa oi?a. A ionoonoaea aieneiia iiiaieaonoaotho
Eiinoaioeiiiieueneiai Iao?ea?oa, ii n aieaa ne?iiiie oi?ioeie
iiiaieaoey: “Eiy?ae, Nayoaeoaio Anaeaineiio Iao?ea?oo iiiaay eaoa”.
Aiinoie /eoaao aeeaeii eee aeeaaano a iaioee ia na?aaeeia o?aia.
*oaoe aicaeaoaao: “I?ieeiai Aiinoiea”, a caoai i?ieciineo nai
i?ieeiai e noeo i?ieeiia. Oi? i?ieeiai ia iiao. Aeinoieii caia/aiey,
/oi a nia?aiaiiie aoiineie i?aeoeea iioneaaony aeeeeoea?ee. Aai
caiaiyao o?iae?aoiia iaiea oi?ii “Aeeeeoea”, /oi aiieia niioaaonoaoao
nia?aiaiiiio Ea?aoeeiio, ii i?ioeai?a/eo ae?aaiaeoei oeieeiiai e
Aaoieiaeyi, aaea oeacuaaaony, /oi /oaoe aeieaeai i?ieciineoue:
“Inaeii Aeaaeaeia”, e caoai neaaeoao aeeeeoea?ee ni noeoii.
Aaaiaaeea /eoaao i?aaenoiyoaeue a Oea?neeo a?aoao eeoeii e
ia?iaeo. A ia/aea iaiey Oa?oaeineie ianie aeeeenea?oe caaeeaatho naa/e
ia oi?ina e iaieeaaeeeao e i?eaiaeyo eo a aeaeaeaiea.
Oa?oaeineoth iitho ia i?aaii eee?ina eo/oea inaeou ec iaieo oi?ia,
n oa?e?aiii e aei neia “ssei aea Oea?y anao iiaeuiai”, eioi?ua
aeeaaano i?ieciineo ia?aniaa.
Aaeeeee aoiae eiaao ?yae iniaaiiinoae. A eiioea oae
iacuaaaiie a?oea?aeneie i?ineiieaeee aieneii caiieo a
eieieieue/ee. Ii yoiio ciaeo a?aoey auoiaeeo ec noaneaeee e, niya
eaieeaaee e i?aeeiiea aeaao, iiieiaao aeeauo e oia?oeo, i?aauaay
a oaeii iieiaeaiee aei ieii/aiey aoiaea. Ia?aae auoiaeii ni Nayouie
Aea?aie aieneii eeaiyaony a Oea?neeo a?aoao ia?iaeo e eni?aoeaaao o
iaai i?iuaiey, a caoai aeaaineiaeyao ?oeaie. Oaeaea e nayuaiieee a
Oea?neeo a?aoao, e?anoiia?acii neiaeea ia a?oaee ?oee, eeaiythony
ia?iaeo e eni?aoeaatho i?iuaiea. Aueaey ec aeoa?y, i?ioeanney
aeooiaainoaa neaaeoao ia aaeieue eeiiinoana, a i?ioiaeeo /a?ac oeaio?
o?aia e auno?aeaaaony iieoe?oaii ia iioaeeiia. A ?oeao o
ea?iiiiaoia – eia/aae ni nayouie iiuaie, e?anou n /anoeoeaie Nayoiai
AEeaioai?yuaai Ae?aaa e o. i. Aaeeiie oi?iu iiieiiaaiey ia Aaeeeii
aoiaea ia nouanoaoao, e aieneii, ii naiaio oniio?aieth, iiaeao
/eoaoue e?aoeee eee i?ino?aiiue aeeioeo.
Ii aicaeana aeeaeiia “Aicethaei ae?oa ae?oaa…” oi? iiao neiaa
iieeoau, eioi?oth a yoi a?aiy ea?ae oaeii /eoaao a aeoa?a:
“Aicethaeth Oy, Ainiiaee, e?aiinoa iiy; Ainiiaeue ooaa?aeaeaiea
iia e i?eaaaeeua iia e ecaaaeoaeue iie”. Aiciiaeii, oaeie iau/ae
yaeyaony ioaeaeaiiui iaiiieiaieai i i?aeoeea aeaniiai /oaiey
oaeiuo iieeoa, nouanoaiaaaoae a Ae?aaiae Oea?eae.
Neiaie aa?u, eae e iieeoaa Ainiiaeiy “Io/a iao”, ia iiaony,
a /eoaaony. Ia Aoiia iaeciaiii niaethaeaaony iau/ae i?aaeinoaaeaiey
yoiai ii/aoiiai i?aaa iaeiiio ec ainoae, a iineieueeo ii/oe ana
aeaeaaaou io ae?oaeo iiianou?ae iaea/aiu nayuaiiui naiii e o/anoaotho a
niaa?oaiee eeoo?aee, Neiaie aa?u /eoaao iau/ii iaeei ec
i?aaenoaaeoaeae a?a/aneie aaeieieno?aoeee ia Aoiia: aoaa?iaoi?,
aeoea-aoaa?iaoi? eee ia/aeueiee iieeoeee.
Iaeia ec ia/aeueiuo o?ac Aaoa?enoe/aneiai eaiiia o a?aeia, a oii
/enea e ia Aoiia, /eoaaony ianeieueei eia/a, /ai a neaayineie
eeoo?aee, a eiaiii: “Aeae ie?a, aea?oao oaaeaiey”. A?oeaieneii
Aaneeee (E?eaioaee) n/eoaao, /oi ?acii/oaiea yaeeinue ?acoeueoaoii
iooaieoeu a a?a/aneeo ?oeiienyo, aicieeoae ec-ca noiaeaai
i?ieciioaiey aeaoo neia: yeaii (aeae) e yeain (ieeinoue).
I?eaeiaeueiie, ii aai iiaieth, yaeyaony ia?aay oi?ia, oiaaea eae
aoi?ay – ioeaea eee niciaoaeueiia iiaiaaaaeaiea ia?aien/eea,
iiaeaeaaoaai caeanue “oaeoaeoue”, “nie?eooaeece?iaaoue”
aeaeaeneee oaeno. Aua aei oiai, eae “oaeoaeaiiue” aa?eaio ia?aoae
a neaayineoth eeoo?aeth, ii iieo/ee oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea a
Aecaioee. Ieeieae Eaaaneea (XIV a.) a naiai “Oieeiaaiee eeoo?aee”, oioy
e ia oeeoe?oao yoi ianoi, ii ec aai ia?ao?aca neaaeoao, /oi ii
/eoaao eiaiii “ieeinoue”, a ia “aeae”: “Eai iu i?aaeeaaaai ieeinoue
Oiio, Eoi neacae: ieeinoe oi/o, a ia aea?oau… Ii i?aaeeaaaai iu e
aea?oao oaaeaiey”. Iaeiaei a?aee inoaeenue i?eaa?aeaiu
aeaeaeneiio oaenoo, e yoio “oaeoaeaiiue” aa?eaio ia i?eaeeeny a
a?a/aneie eeoo?aee.
Ae?oaay iniaaiiinoue, ia ecaanoiay a ?onneie Oea?eae:
nia?aiaiiue Ea?aoeeii oeacuaaao, /oi “ia?aae i?iecianaieai aicaeana
“Aeaaiaea?ei Ainiiaea” ea?ae, neiaeea e?anoiaeaeii ?oee ia a?oaee,
i?aeeiiyaony ia?aae ia?acii Aeaaeuee O?enoa”. Oi? ia yoio aicaean
ioaa/aao: “Aeinoieii e i?aaaaeii”.
Aeaeueiaeoay /anoue Aaoa?enoe/aneiai eaiiia, aieioue aei
iiiaioa ?acae?iaeaiey Nayoiai Aaioea, niaa?oaaony aiaeiae/ii n
i?aeoeeie ?onneie Oea?eae n o/aoii iniaaiiinoae, i eioi?uo oaea
oiiieiaeinue. Ia “A ia?auo iiiyie, Ainiiaee” a?oea?ae iiieiaao
Eiinoaioeiiiieueneiai Iao?ea?oa, a eiy naiiai neoaeauaai
a?oea?ay ia iiieiaaony, eae ia auaaao e oae iacuaaaiie “aaeeeie
iioaaeu”, eee “aueee/ee”.
Ia?aae aicaeanii “Nayoay nayoui” eaiiia?o ia?aniaa
i?ieciineo: “A iiiiuue anao aeaai/anoeauo e i?aaineaaiuo
o?enoeai”. Ai a?aiy iaiey eeiiieea, eee i?e/anoiiai noeoa, eioi?ue
eniieiyaony iniaui aeieaei ?aniaaii, aeeeenea?oe auiinyo ec aeoa?y
aeaa aethaea n ia?acaiiuie /anoyie aioeaei?a e aeaaineiaaiiiai oeaaa
e iinoaaeytho eo ia aiaeiaee ia i?aaii e eaaii eee?ina, a caoai aanyo
naa/e ia oi?ina e iaieeaaeeeao.
Iaeiia?aiaiii n yoei i?ienoiaeeo iieeiiaiea eeiiai. A?aoey ii
/eio, a ca iae e iaeiiieee auoiaeyo ec naieo noaneaeee e, iieiaeea
caiiie iieeii ia?aae eaoaae?ie a?oea?ay, iieaaatho o?e iiyniuo
iieeiia ia?aae eeiiie a i?ineeieoa?ee e iaeei iiyniie iieeii iinea
eiaucaiey eeiiu; caoai iooiaeyo ia ae?oaoth noi?iio o?aia e, niya
eaieeaaeo, iieaaatho o?e caiiuo iieeiia ia?aae eiaucaieai /oeiie eeiiu
Aiaeeae Iaoa?e. Iinea yoiai auoiaeyo ia iioaeeii e oaea a eaieeaaea
iieaaatho o?e iiyniuo iieeiia a noi?iio aeoa?y e ii iaeiiio caiiiio
iaiei eee?inai e ia?iaeo, iinea /aai aica?auathony ia iau/iia naia
ianoi. Ia Aoiia yoi iacuaaaony aeaeaoue noeio, oi anoue iieeiiii ia
/aou?a noi?iiu ecia?aaeaoue e?ano. Oi? iinea eeiiieea eniieiyao iau/ii
noeoe?o nayoiai n oa?e?aiii.
Eiaaea ioaa?caaony caaana Oea?neeo a?ao e auoiaeeo aeeaeii e ea?ae
n *aoae, a?aoey auoiaeeo ec noaneaeee e, niya eaieeaaee, neeiiyao
aieiau. Aeeaeii a?iiei aicaeaoaao: “Ni no?aoii Aiaeeei, aa?ith e
ethaiaeth i?enooieoa”. Iieeoau ia?aae i?e/auaieai ia /eoathony, ii
eaiiia?o i?ieciineo ia?aniaa: “Iiiyie iy, Ainiiaee, aaaea
i?eeaeaoe ai Oea?noaee Oaiai; iiiyie iy, Aeaaeuei, aaaea i?eeaeaoe ai
Oea?noaee Oaiai; iiiyie iy, Nayoue, aaaea i?eeaeaoe ai Oea?noaee
Oaiai”. Ai a?aiy i?e/auaiey oi? iaaeeaiii iiao iieeoao “Aa/a?e Oaiay
oaeiuy…” Noeo “Oaei O?enoiai i?eeieoa…” eniieiyaony oieueei a
ia?eiae iaiey Oeaaoiie O?eiaea.
Eae e ai anao a?a/aneeo o?aiao, ia Aoiia aeeaeiiu ia aea?aeao
ieaoa ia?aae *aoae; eaaeaeue ec iiaeoiaeyueo ei Nayoie *aoa aa?ao ieao
iaaeie ?oeaie e, i?e/anoeaoenue, ioaeaao neaaeothuaio. A ?onneie
Oea?eae oaeay i?aeoeea niaethaeaaony ai a?aiy i?e/auaiey
nayuaiiineoaeeoaeae a aeoa?a. ?acieoea ninoieo aua e a oii, /oi o
a?aeia iao iau/ay oeaeiaaoue e?ae *aoe iinea i?e/auaiey.
A iaeioi?uo iaeaieaa no?iaeo iiianou?yo Nayoie Ai?u
nouanoaoao iau/ae i?e/auaoue ia i?eieiaaoeo o/anoea a
nayuaiiineoaeaiee ea?aaa e aeeaeiiia aia aeoa?y, eae i?inouo
iiiaoia. Iau/ae yoio iaaeaaiee e aiciee, iiaeaeeiiio, ec
no?aieaiey ianaeueieeia yoeo iiianou?ae aic?iaeeoue iaeioi?ua
eeoo?ae/aneea ii?yaeee ae?aaieo iiiaoaneeo Iauaaeeoee. Aua iaeei
eioa?aniue iau/ae iia i?eoiaeeeinue iaaethaeaoue a Aaoiiaaea. Caeanue
iinea ioaa?caiey Oea?neeo a?ao a?aoey iaaeaao ieoe, eaoiai a
Oea?neeo a?aoao aneoo /eoaao ?ac?aoeoaeueioth iieeoao e iaaiaeyo o?ai
aieo?aoeeueth. Yoa i?aeoeea, oioy e ?aaeei oaia?ue
ano?a/athuayny, – ia iiaiaaaaeaiea, oae eae aua a oeieeiia 1870 aiaea
Iaioaeaeiiiianeiai iiianou?y ni nnueeie ia aieaa ?aiiee Aeeiieneaoneee
oeieeii aiai?eony i iiaeiaiii iau/aa, ii ia ia?aae i?e/auaieai, a iinea
ioionoa /ania aei ia/aea eeoo?aee.
Iaaei neacaoue, /oi a?a/aneay, a oii /enea e aoiineay,
i?aeoeea ia ciaao e?anoiiai oiaea n aiaeinayoiui iieaaiii a eiioea
eeoo?aee, e yoio iaiouaieaiue ao?eaoo ethaiai i?anoieueiiai
i?acaeieea a ?innee nouanoaoao oieueei a Iaioaeaeiiiianeii
iiianou?a.
Caaiaiiioth iieeoao eaoiai /eoaao ia?aae ianoiui ia?acii
Nianeoaey. Oi? iiao “Neaaa, e iuia” e “Iieeoaaie, Ainiiaee, anao
nayouo e Aiai?iaeeoeu ie? Oaie iiaeaaeaeue iai e iiieeoe ian, yei
aaeei uaae?”. Ai a?aiy iaiey yoiai noeoa aeeeenea?oe aiinyo a
oea?eiaue aieueoia aethaei n eieeaii e noaayo aai ia?aae
i?ineeieoa?eai. Eieeai yoi, ii caia/aieth A.
A?eai?iae/a-Aa?neiai, ii naiaio ninoaao “anoue naiay ioaieoea /enoay,
aeia?a oaa?aiiay e enoeaaeaiiay io aiaee, e n i?aoaie oie/aiuie
niaoaia”. Ia aai iiaa?oiinoe ?aciioeaaoiie ioae?ie e i?aoaie
ecia?aaeaaony eeiia Aiaiiaoa?e eee i?acaeioaiiai nayoiai, ia /oi o
niaoeeaeueiie a?oaee iiiaoia-eieeeaaaeia ooiaeeo ianeieueei /ania.
A?oea?ae e ana aeooiaainoai auoiaeyo ec aeoa?y, e, iieaaeea
eieeai, a?oea?ae /eoaao iieeoao “Any niaa?oeaoee neiaii Oaiei, Ainiiaee”
e aeaaineiaeyao eieeai ?oeie. Ia?aue oi? iiao “Aoaee eiy Ainiiaeia
aeaaineiaaii” e aoi?ie – “Eiy Ainiiaeia aoaee aeaaineiaaii”,
caoai ia?aue oi? ia/eiaao iaiea yoiai noeoa niiaa, a aoi?ie oi? aai
ieai/eaaao. Ai a?aiy iaiey aeeeenea?oe oiinyo eieeai a o?aiaco.
Nayuaiiineoaeeoaee aica?auathony a aeoa?ue, a a?oea?ae anoaao ia
eaoaae?o e i?ieciineo aicaean “Aeaaineiaaiea Ainiiaeia e
ieeinoue Aai ia aan, Oiai Aiaeanoaaiiith aeaaiaeaoeth e
/aeiaaeiethaeai anaaaea, iuia e i?enii, e ai aaee aaeia”. Oi? iiao:
“Aieiue”, a?oea?ae: “Neaaa Oaaa, Aiaea iao, neaaa Oaaa”, oi?: “Neaaa,
e iuia”, “Ainiiaea, iiieeoe” (o?eaeaeu) e “Aeaaeuei nayoue, aeaaineiae”.
A?oea?ae, acya a ?oee e?ano, n eaoaae?u oai?eo ioiono, eioi?ue
eiaao ianeieueei eiia, /ai a neaayineii neoaeaaieea caaa?oaiea:
“… e anao nayouo, iiieeoao e nianao ian, yei aeaa e *aeiaaeiethaaoe
e ieeinoeaue Aia” e “Iieeoaaie nayouo ioaoe iaoeo”. Ia yoio
caeeth/eoaeueiue aicaean a?oea?ay eaoiai, noaa ai Nayouo a?aoao, aeaeaao
aio iieeii e ioaa/aao “Iieeoaaie nayoaai Aeaaeuee iaoaai”. Oi? ia/eiaao
iaiea o?iia?y “I?anayoay Aeaaeu/eoea, iiae iie?ia Oaie aae ?aae Oaie
i?eaaaaai” e iieiiai iiiaieaoey “Oii Aeaniioee ea A?oea?aa eiii”, ai
a?aiy eioi?iai a?oea?ae ia ana noi?iiu inaiyao i?aaenoiyueo e?anoii.
Anee a?oea?ay iao e neoaeao aicaeaaeyao eaoiai, aio oaeaea iiaony
iiiaieaoea, ii iniaia: “Aeaaineiaeythuaai e inayuathuaai ian,
Ainiiaee, nio?aie ia iiiaay eaoa”.
Iinea iiiaieaoey a?oea?ae o?eaeaeu i?ieciineo “Neaaa Oaaa, Aiaea”,
e o/eiaiiue iiiao ia i?aaii eee?ina ia/eiaao /oaiea
aeaaiaea?noaaiiuo iieeoa. A?aoey ii /eio iiaeoiaeeo e a?oea?ath,
eioi?ue n eaoaae?u aeaao a ?oee eaaeaeiio /anoeoeo aioeaei?a ni
neiaaie “Aeaaineiaaiea Ainiiaeia e ieeinoue Aai i?eeaea ia aan”.
Iieo/ea aeaaineiaaiea e aioeaei?, a?aoey iooiaeeo ia ae?oaoth
noi?iio o?aia, aa?ao /anoue aeaaineiaaiiiai oeaaa e aeooaao aai,
caieaay aianoi oaieiou nayoie aiaeie, eioi?ay anoue a eaaeaeii
o?aia e niaea?aeeony a niaoeeaeueiie oa?oi?iaie /aoa, ii aeaeo /aioi
iaiiieiathuae noiiaieoeo. Aeey ca/a?iuaaiey nayoie aiaeu ia Aoiia
eniieuecotho ia eiaoeee, eae a ?innee, a iaueiiaaiiua /aoa/ee n
?o/eaie.
Ieii/ea ?acaea/o aioeaei?a, a?oea?ae i?ioiaeeo a aeoa?ue e, noaa
ia?aae i?anoieii, ?aciaea/aaony n iiiiuueth aeaoo aeeaeiiia. I?e yoii
iaea/aiea neeaaeuaaaony ia i?anoiea. Caeanue aea a?oea?ae iaaeaaaao
iaioeth e eeiaoe e n aeaceii a ?oeao, i?aaeaa?yaiue aeaoiy
eaiaeeeaioaie a iaioeyo e n iiaenaa/ieeaie, neaaeoao /a?ac Oea?neea
a?aoa a o?aiaco. I?aae a?oea?aai oaeaea a iaioee e aieo?aoeee eaeao
ea?iiiiao n iaiaaea?ii, a eioi?ue aeiaeaia /anoeoea Aiai?iaee/iie
i?inoi?u. Ca aieneiiii neaaeotho eaoiai e a?aoey ii aeaia. Oanoaea
nii?iaiaeaeaaony iaieai o?iia?y i?acaeieea e eieieieueiui caiiii.
Eaiaeeeaiou (eee aeeeenea?oe) i?ioiaeyo /a?ac anth o?aiaco, ?anea/eaay
iaieeaaeeea ni naa/aie, e noaayo iiaenaa/ieee ii aieai eaoiaineiai
noiea.
Iineieueeo i?acaeie/iay o?aiaca e naycaiiue n iath /ei
aicauoaiey Iaiaaee aini?eieiathony nayoiai?oeaie eae iniaia
nayuaiiiaeaenoaea a ninoaaa i?acaeie/iiai aiaineoaeaiey,
iaiaoiaeeii oioy au ae?aooea neacaoue ia ono?ienoaa iiianou?neeo
o?aiaciuo iaeao ia Aoiia e /eia o?aiacu. Ana yoi ianoiyoaeueii iienaii
A. A?eai?iae/ai-Aa?neei e (n XVIII aaea) inoaeinue ii/oe aac
eciaiaiee. “Nooue aea o?aiacu a anao nayoiai?neeo iiianou?yo, – ieoao
Aa?neee, – iiaeiaiea oea?eaai, eeiiiienaieai e eaiaeeeaiu, ii ia eiooue
aioo?ue o?aiia… yeiaea anoue iae/ae a iiianou?yo ?inneeneeo”. Aoiae
a o?aiaco ?aniieiaeai i?ioea aeaaiiai aoiaea a niai?. “Nicaeaia
aea o?aiaca io eaiiae e?anoiia?acia, oaeiaeaea e iie?iaaiia, ayaea
iie?iaue aioo?aiiue ae?aayi, iiaa?oo aea ae?aayiaai aiaoiue, io aeueoe
oiieeo eaiaiiuo, iaiiaeiaea /a?aieoe, ii iauaio iae/ath Nayoiai?neiio.
Eiaao aea e eia aeaa a?aoa iaioa, ii aieai, e ano aioo? any ii
noaiai eeiiiienaiia”.
A aeoaeia o?aiacu a oeaio?a noieo iieoe?oaeue noie eaoiaia,
a ii aieai aaeieue noai ?aniieiaeaiu noieu aeey a?aoee. Aa?neee ieoao,
/oi ca aoi?ui noieii neaeyo i?ieaoiaiu, ca o?aoueei – naaeie/iue
ea?ae ni nayuaiieeaie e eee?ioaiaie, ca /aoaa?oui – ii/aoiua noa?oeu
e ca inoaeueiuie noieaie – ea?iaeeaeiiu e i?i/ay a?aoey e ie?yia.
Eoae, a?oea?ae i?ioiaeyo aaeoaue o?aiacu e, ia nieiay iaioee
e eeiaoea, caieiaao ianoi a oeaio?a ca eaoiaineei noieii. Ii
aieai naaeyony eaoiaiu e iaeei-aeaa /aeiaaea ec iaeaieaa ii/aoiuo
ainoae. Iaiaaea? iinoaaeytho ia niaoeeaeueiue noie, i?enoaaeaiiue e
eaoiaineiio. Oai aea noaayo eeiio ec i?ineeieoa?ey.
Eiaaea any a?aoey aieaeao a o?aiacioth iaeaoo, /oaoe a iaioee
iiaeieiaaony ia iniaia aicauoaiea, eee “aiaii”, e ia/eiaaony /oaiea
iioaaeueiiai neiaa eee aeeoey nayoiai. Aa?neee caia/aao, /oi, eiaaea
eaoiai ia/eiaao ieoue ia?aoth /aoo, /oaoe i?a?uaaao /oaiea e aiai?eo
“Iieeoaaie nayoaai iooea iaoaai”, iiae?acoiaaay eaoiaia, ” ii ia
aeaaieao iau/ii “Iieeoaaie nayouo ioaoe”.
“Aaaea eiatho aeec ieii/aaaoe o?aiaco, ia?aia aeao a caiiie
naaeie/iue, aea inoaaeo /oaiea e i?ineo i?iuaiea (/oaoe. – I?ei, aao.),
aoi?ia aeaneo, aea niaa?oo anyeoth ynoao e ninoaeu; o?aoea, aea
niaa?oo ie?ooe a eioieoeu”. A nia?aiaiiie i?aeoeea yoi auaaao
ianeieueei eia/a. Ia?aae oai eae iiaeiyoue /aoo n aeiii, eaoiai
oaea?yao a noiyuee ia eaoiaineii noiea caiiie. Ii yoiio ciaeo /oaoe
i?a?uaaao /oaiea e i?ieciineo: “Iieeoaaie nayoaai Aeaaeuee iaoaai”.
Oaeie ii?yaeie i?aaeienai aua Nooaeeeneei onoaaii: “?aaiui
ia?acii e ia niaoaiea e ia aethaea auaaao ciae oaea?ii”. “Niaoaieai”
caeanue iacaaii oeacaiea ia iau/ae ?acaaaeyoue aeii aiaeie,
ciaeiiue aua ae?aaiei a?aeai e nio?aieaoeeny o nayoiai?oeaa.
A eiioea o?aiacu o?aiaca?e iiaeiinyo e eaoiaineiio noieo aethaei
n eieeaii, e a?oea?ae, ia/a?oaa ia iai ciae e?anoa, aa?ao ii eiaeea
eieeai aeey naay e neaeyueo n iei. Caoai eieeai ia?aiaoeaaaony, e
o?aiaca?e iaoiaeyo n iei inoaeueiuo iiiaoia e iaeiiieeia. A. A.
Aeieo?eaaneee, iienuaay iaiaae? a Iaioaeaeiiiianeii iiianou?a,
aiai?eo, /oi a?aoey aeooaao eieeai ni neiaaie “Aia aea oiieieo iooea
e a?aoeth iaoo”.
A yoi aea a?aiy i?eiyoi i?aaeeaaaoue a?oea?ath eee
eaoiaio-ainoth ia?aoeoueny e a?aoee n iaaieueoei iio/aieai eee
iaceaeaoaeueiui neiaii. Ethaiiuoii, /oi aoiineea eiiee e a?aee
aiiaua, ii i?eia?o aecaioeeoeaa, i/aiue ia?aaiiaeooiu e
i?aoi?neiio eneonnoao e ia iniaaiii iii?aaeaoeany i?iiiaaaee
ioaa/atho ao?iuie “iaaoeeyie”: noo/aieai /aoeaie ii noieo. A
iaeioi?uo iaeoaeyo a ciae oaaaeaiey e aunieei ainoyi i?eiyoi
eniieiyoue o?iia?e nayoui, eiaia eioi?uo iie iinyo.
Ii aoi?iio caiieo aeooaiea i?ae?auaaony, a ii o?aoueaio ana
anoatho. *oaoe nioneaaony n aiaiia, ni neiaaie “Iieeoaaie nayouo
ioaoe iaoeo” (aeaaaeaeu) e “Iieeoaaie nayoaai Aeaaeuee iaoaai”
iiaeoiaeeo e eaoiaineiio noieo e iieo/aao ec ?oe i?aaenoiyoaey
“aeaaineiaaiea” – /aoo aeia e eiiioue oeaaa.
Caoai neaaeoao /ei i Iaiaaee, eae ii iienai a oeieeiia. Ii
aicauoaiee Iaiaaee (/anoe Aiai?iaee/iie i?inoi?u) aa ?acaeaeytho
iaaeaia: “aaeeio ia iaeanioth iaiineo o?aiaca?ue, ae?oaoth aea ioothth
iiaeueo?aiaca?ee… ca ieie aea iineaaeoao e eaaeye, oaeiaeaea a
iaioee” e n eaoeeath. A?aoey ioueiuaaao eoni/ae io i?inoi?u e,
iiaea?aeaa e?anoiia?acii iaae oeieaiii, aeooaao.
Ii i?i/oaiee aeaaiaea?noaaiiuo iieeoa ia?aui ec o?aiacu auoiaeeo
aieneii e anoaao ni?aaa io aeaa?ae, iiaeiya i?aaoth ?oeo n eiaiineiaii
neiaeaiiuie ia?noaie. Neaaa io aeaa?ae o?aiaca?ue e iiaa?, “i?eiaaeou
ieoe aei caieu, i?iuaiea io a?aoee i?inyo”. A?aoey auoiaeeo ii aeaia,
eeaiyaony a aeaa?yo a?oea?ath e neaaeoao a niai?, aaea neoaeeony
e?aoeay eeoey. A eiioea aa eaoiai-ainoue iau/ii neaaaao n naay
eaoiaineea ?aaaeee e aica?auaao eo ianoiyoaeth aeaiiie iaeoaee.
I?acaeie/iay i?ia?aiia auea au iaiieiie aac o?aaeeoeeiiiiai
oaiuaiey a “neiiaeeea” n?aco iinea ieii/aiey eeoee. Iineieueeo
aieueoeinoai ainoae iieeaeatho e iieoaeith i?acaeiothuee iiianou?ue,
i?iuaeueiia nia?aiea a oi?aeanoaaiiuo i?eaiiuo iieiyo ia oieueei
iicaieyao ei iiaee?aieoue neeu ia?aae aei?iaie /aoa/eie e?aieiai eioa,
ii e ioaaaeaoue, eae aiai?yo a ?innee, “ia iinioie” aoiineie
?aeee. Oaeea nia?aiey yaeythony aeey nayoiai?oeaa /ai-oi a?iaea eeoaiuo
ano?a/: iaace?ay ia onoaeinoue, iie aeeai ianoaeaeatho
i?ioaaeoaa aaeaiea, iaiea eee?ioai, aeaeyony iiainoyie ec aoiineie
aeecie. Caeanue aea, ca oaiuaieai, i?eiyoi i?eieiaoue iicae?aaeaiey n
i?acaeieeii io i?aaenoaaeoaeae naaoneeo aeanoae.
E niaeaeaieth, a iineaaeiaa a?aiy ianoiyoaee iaeioi?uo
iiianou?ae i?yii ai a?aiy o?aiacu i?aaeinoaaeytho neiai
aoaa?iaoi?o eee ae?oaei /eiiaieeai ec a?a/aneie aaeieieno?aoeee. Oaeia
iiaiaaaaeaiea inia?eaaao aieueoeinoai aoiieoia, eioi?ua ni?aaaaeeeai
iieaaatho, /oi o?aiaca – ianoi ii-naiaio nayuaiiia e ia i?aaeiacia/aii
aeey ie?neeo i?eaaonoaee.
I?iaiaeu ainoae e a?oea?ay auaeyaeyo ia oae oi?aeanoaaiii, eae
ano?a/a, ii ianoiyoaeue n /anoueth a?aoee i?iaiaeaao eo aei naiuo
ai?io iaeoaee. Ia i?iuaiuea a iaeioi?uo iaeoaeyo anai iaeiiieeai
aeatho “aeaaineiaaiea” – a oe?iaiiii eiiaa?oa eieae eee ioe?uoee n
aeaeaie iiianou?y, ecia?aaeaieyie eeii e ae?oaeo nayouiue.
Aua iaeia aeaoaeue, oa?aeoa?ecothuay oaeeaeoaeueiia e enoeiii
o?enoeaineia ainoai?eeinoai aoiineeo iiiaoia. Iiiaea iiianou?e ia
oniaaatho caeii/eoue i?acaeie/iia aaeaiea aei i?eoiaea ei?aaey, eioi?ue
?ac a aeaiue naycuaaao Aoiineoth Ai?o n aiaoiei ie?ii. A oaeeo neo/ayo
iaeoaeue ia naie n?aaenoaa iaieiaao noaeii e ae?oaie o?ainii?o, /oiau
?acaanoe “i?acaeiiethaoeaa” ii naiei iiianou?yi e ca i?aaeaeu Aoiia.
E iieoaeith iaeoaeue eae aoaeoi auie?aao: a?aoey e inoaaoeany
iaeiiieee ioaeuoatho iinea aaeaiey. Ii iaiaae? ia yoii ia
eii/aaony. Aoi?ie aeaiue i?acaeieea ii o?aaeeoeee iinayuai
niai?iie iieeoaa ia oniioeo eoeoi?ao iiianou?y e iiyoiio
eiaioaony “eoeoi?neei”. Ia/eiaaony ii anaaeiaaiie aa/a?iae a niai?a,
ca eioi?ie e iau/iui i?ioaieyi ia aeoaieyo aeiaaaeythony i?ioaiey
ia oiieiaiee aeoo oniioeo nicaeaoaeae e aeaaioai?eoaeae aeaiiie
iaeoaee.
Iinea aa/a?ie ai aiaoiai i?eoai?a o?aia eaoiai e ana iaee/iia
aeooiaainoai niaa?oatho oae iacuaaaioth eoeoi?neoth iaieoeaeo. Aa
iniaaiiinoue ninoieo a oii, /oi a naiii ia/aea eaoiai ni naiae
i?aii?iie eaoaae?u ?acaeaao anai iieyueiny, ia/eiay n ea?iiiiaoia, ii
oae iacuaaaiie caaeooiie naa/a. Aeey oiai, /oiau ana nayuaiieee
iiaee ?aaeueii o/anoaiaaoue a niaa?oaiee iaieoeaeu, aicaean “ssei
Ou ine aine?anaiea…”, i?ieciineiue eaoiaiii, caoai iiaoi?yaony
eaaeaeui ec neoaeaueo ea?aaa.
A eiioea iaieoeaeu caeanue aea, a i?eoai?a, eaoiai
aeaaineiaeyao eieeai. A. A. Aeieo?eaaneee a iienaiee iaiaae?a a
Iaioaeaeiiiianeii iiianou?a niiauaao, /oi aeeeenea?oe n?aco iinea
aeaaineiaaiey iaiinyo aethaeii n eieeaii anao iieyueony, ia/eiay n
ea?iiiiaoia, e oa i?yii ?oeaie aa?oo /anoue eieeaa e aeooatho a
iaiyoue ia oniioeo eoeoi?ao. A nia?aiaiiie i?aeoeea aeooaiea eieeaa
auaaao a eiioea aa/a?iae o?aiacu.
Ia yoii iiaeii auei au caeii/eoue ?anneac ia aoiineii
iaiaae?a, ii a caeeth/aiea oi/aony neacaoue ianeieueei neia ia
iaea/aieyo e iianaaeiaaiie iaeaaeaea aoiineeo iiiaoia. Ia Aoiia, eae
e ai anao a?a/aneeo oea?eaao, oeaaoa iaea/aiee auae?athony
i?iecaieueii, ca eneeth/aieai Aaeeeiai iinoa e Ianoe, eiaaea
aeooiaainoai neoaeeo a /a?iuo e e?aniuo iaea/aieyo
niioaaonoaaiii. Ie ca aiaineoaeaieai, ie aia aai ea?ae ia iinyo
iaia?niuo e?anoia e iaaaae?aiieeia, a a?oeiaiae?eou – ieo?
(ni?aaaaeeeainoe ?aaee caiaoei, /oi iaeiaaea iioaiea iaaaae?aiieea auei
i?eiyoi ia Aoiia: a 1313 aiaeo eiia?aoi? Aiae?iiee Noa?oee Iaeaieia
ia?aaeae Nayooth Ai?o a iiae/eiaiea Eiinoaioeiiiieueneiio Iao?ea?oo. A
ciae naiaai eaiiie/aneiai aeaaainoaa iaae Aoiiii Iao?ea?o Ieoii
aiceiaeee ia i?ioa Nayoie Ai?u Oaioaia iaeeoeo e iaaaae?aiiee e
aeaaineiaee eo iioaiea ca aiaineoaeaieai). Enoaoe, ia Aoiia ana
a?oeiaiae?eou, a oii /enea e iinyuea yoio nai aia Aoiia, iaycaiu
eiaiiaaoueny ea?iiiiaoaie. A niaoeeaeueiii “i?aeoeeiia” Nayuaiiiai
Eeiioa ii yoiio iiaiaeo aiai?eony, /oi oae oieueei e i?eee/ii
eiaiiaaoueny nie?aiiui nayoiai?oeai, eai e Iao?ea?oe, i?eoiaeeaoea a
ae?aaiinoe a aoiineea iiianou?e, iiaeienuaaeenue i?inouie
iiiaoaie. Eneeth/aiea ninoaaeyao ianoiyoaeue iiianou?y, ii e ii ca
aiaineoaeaieai iiieiaaony eae ea?iiiiao. Aio aea i?eiaaeeaaeeo
eneeth/eoaeueiia i?aai iioaiey iaia?niiai e?anoa e a?oea?aeneie eeeiaie
iaioee n enoi/ieeaie. Iineaaeiyy i?aeoeea aicieeea ec oiai, /oi ana
iiianou?e ia Nayoie Ai?a yaeythony iao?ea?oeie noaa?iieaeyie.
Aa?iyoii, iiyoiio ianoiyoaeue eaaeaeiai iiianou?y eiaioaony “eaoeaoiai”,
oi anoue [ia?aue] iinea eaoiaia”, iiae eioi?ui iiae?acoiaaaaony
Eiinoaioeiiiieueneee Iao?ea?oao.
A i?ioeii aaea ianoiyoaee e?oiiaeoeo ?onneeo iaeoaeae ia Aoiia
(Iaioaeaeiiiianeee iiianou?ue, Aiae?aaaneee e Eeueeineee neeou)
iieo/eee io Eiinoaioeiiiieueneeo Iao?ea?oia i?aai iioaiey
iaiaaee, neoaeaiey n aeeee?eai e o?eee?eai, aeaaineiaaiey
aeaoiy ?oeaie n iaieai “En iieea yoe, Aeaniioa”. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy oaeie
i?aeoeee ia nouanoaoao.
Iianaaeiaaiay iaeaaeaea iiiaoia ninoieo ec iiae?ynieea e ?ynu,
eioi?oth ia Aoiia iinyo aeaaea iineooieee. Iiyaeaiea a oea?eae eee ia
o?aiaca aac ?ynu n/eoaaony iaaeiionoeiui. Aianoi eeiaoea nayoiai?oeu
iinyo eaieeaaee naiuo ?aciiia?aciuo oi?i ec iaoa?ee eee aieeiea. A
oea?eae e ia o?aiaca naa?oo eaieeaaee iaaeaaaaony iaiaoea, eioi?oth
nieiatho a ii?aaeaeaiiua iiiaiou aiaineoaeaiey. Eaieeaaea nieiaaony
oieueei ia eeoo?aee ai a?aiy Aaoa?enoe/aneiai eaiiia.
Iiiaoaneoth iaioeth ia Aoiia iinyo oieueei aeeeenea?oe e eaiaeeeaiou
ai a?aiy aiaineoaeaiey. Ii aoiineie o?aaeeoeee, iineooieeia
iino?eaatho a aaeeeoth noeio, ii naia noeia, eee “aieeaa”, iineony
iiae ?ynie e iaaeaaaaony oieueei ai a?aiy i?acaeie/iuo neoaea eee
eiaaea iiiao iiaeoiaeeo e I?e/anoeth.
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