I. AAAAeAIEA
A i?aaenoaaeaiiie eo?niaie ?aaioa iieacai iooue ii nicaeaieth
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie oe?iu. A aeaiiii neo/aa yoi aoaeao Iauanoai n
Ia?aie/aiiie Ioaaonoaaiiinoueth.
Ia?aua oaae i?e nicaeaiee i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie oe?iu – yoi
/aoeia ii?aaeaeaiea oiai, /ai aoaeao oe?ia caieiaoueny a aoaeouai.
A /anoiinoe iiae yoei iiieiaaony :
1. Auai? oicyenoaaiiie ieoe.
a) ianoi ?aniieiaeaiey oe?iu ;
a) a?aiy aa ?aaiou.
2. Auai? ?uii/iie ieoe.
a) ioeaiea aoaeoueo iio?aaeoaeae ;
a) ioeaiea naieo oainia ;
a) ioeaiea naieo oaoiieiaee, ioeaiea aa iiaeciu ;
a) ioeaieoue aeieth ?uiea ;
ae) ioeaieoue naie i?aaeaeu.
3. Auai? ia?oia?ia ,eioi?ua noaioo o/?aaeeoaeyie i?aaei?ey-
oey,eiia/ii oieueei a oii neo/aa,eiaaea o/?aaeeoaeai iauanoaa n
ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth ia yaeyaony iaeei /aeiaae.
Oae aea neaaeoao i?eiyoue ai aieiaiea aaea e ia eaeea n?aaenoaa
aoaeao a?aoueny iai?oaeiaaiea aeey oe?iu e iaieiaoueny ?aaioie-
ee. *anoi auaaao oae, /oi ia ia?auo oaaao o o/?aaeeoaeae aoaeoua-
ai i?aaei?eyoey ia i/aiue iiiai aeaiaa,oae /oi ia ia/aeueiie noa-
aeee iai?oaeiaaiea /anoi aa?aony ia oneiaeyo eeceiaa o oe?iu –
a?aiaeiaeaoaey.A caaeneiinoe io noa?u aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu aiiiaeii
iaiyoue ,e i?eia?o,o?oaeiniiniaiuo eiaaeeaeia,o.e. i?aaei?eyoea ia
eioi?ii ?aaioatho oaeea ethaee iieuecoaony iaeiaiauie eueaioaie.A
aiiaua iiaeii i?inoi ?aaioaoue a iooi?iie ciia.
Iinea anaai yoiai neaaeoao o?e yoaia iinea caaa?oaiey ei-
oi?uo iauanoai n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth n/eoaaony nic-
aeaiiui ioeoeeaeueii. Yoe yoaiu:
1. Nicaeaiea o/?aaeeoaeueiiai aeiaiai?a.
2. Nicaeaiea onoaaa iauanoaa.
3. ?aaeno?aoeey iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth.
I?aaaea anee iauanoai n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth o/-
?aaeaeaaony iaeiei eeoeii oi aai o/?aaeeoaeueiui aeieoiaioii yaeyaony
eeoue onoaa.
A o/a?aaeeoaeueiii aeiaiai?a O/anoieee i?eieiatho ia naay
iaycaoaeuenoai n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth,ii?aaeaeytho ii?y-
aeie niaianoiie aeayoaeueiinoe ii aai nicaeaieth,oneiaey ia?aaea/e
aio eiouanoaa e o/anoey a aeayoaeueiinoe,a oaeaea oneiaey e ii?y-
aeie ?ani?aaeaeaiey iaaeaeo o/anoieeaie i?eauee e oauoeia,oi?aaea-
iey aeayoaeueiinoueth e auoiaea o/anoieeia ec iauanoaa.
II. NICAeAIEA I?AAeI?EIEIAOAEUeNEIE OE?IU
1. IAUEA IIEIAEAIEss
O/anoieee:
O/anoieeaie iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth ii-
aoo aunooiaoue a?aaeaeaia e th?eaee/aneea eeoea,a oaeaea aino-
aea?noaaiiua i?aaiu e i?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
Caeiiii iiaeao auoue cai?auaii eee ia?aie/aii o/anoea a ia-
uanoaao n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth ioaeaeueiuo eaoaai?ee
a?aaeaeai.Oaeiauie iiaoo auoue,iai?eia?,aeieaeiinoiua eeoea i?aaiia
ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey.
A ioiioaiee th?eaee/aneeo eeoe A?aaeaeaineee Eiaeaen (aeaeaa AE)
i?aaeoniao?eaaao oaeaea ianeieueei ia?aie/aiee ia o/anoea a ia-
uanoaao n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth.
Ai-ia?auo,oeiaine?oaiua nianoaaiieeii o/?aaeaeaiey iiaoo
aunooiaoue a ea/anoaa o/anoieeia iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie io-
aaonoaaiiinoueth eeoue a oii neo/aa,anee nianoaaiiee eo eiouanoaa
aeaao ia yoi ?ac?aoaiea,eeai anee ?ac?aoaiea niaea?aeeony a caei-
ia.
Ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu e i?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey
iiaoo aunooiaoue a ea/anoaa o/anoieeia iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie
ioaaonoaaiiinoueth eeoue a oii neo/aa,anee eiia ia i?aaeoniio?aii
caeiiii.
Ieieiaeueiia /enei o/anoieeia iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie io-
aaonoaaiiinoueth – 1 o/anoiee,iaeneiaeueiia /enei o/anoieeia
aeieaeii auoue onoaiiaeaii Caeiiii ia iauanoaao n ia?aie/aiiie
ioaaonoaaiiinoueth.Aianoa n oai AE enoiaeeo ec oiai,/oi yoi /enei
ia aeieaeii auoue cia/eoaeueiui.I?e i?aauoaiee onoaiiaeaiiiai Ca-
eiiii i?aaeaea iauanoai n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth iiaeea-
aeeo a oa/aiea oiai aea aiaea i?aia?aciaaieth a aeoeeiia?iia ia-
uanoai,a ii enoa/aiea aiaea – eeeaeaeaoeee.
Anee o/anoieeii yaeyaony oece/aneia eeoei,oeacuaathony nea-
aeothuea aeaiiua:oaieeey,eiy,io/anoai,a?aaeaeainoai,aeaoa e ianoi
?iaeaeaiey,ianii?oiua aeaiiua,ianoi i?iienee,iiia? oaeaoiia.
Anee o/anoieeii yaeyaony th?eaee/aneia eeoei,oeacuaathony
neaaeothuea aeaiiua:th?eaee/aneee aae?an n eiaeaenii,iiia? oaeaoi-
ia,ia iniiaa eaeiai aeieoiaioa e a /ueai eeoea aeaenoaoao.
Oe?iaiiia iaeiaiiaaiea Iauanoaa:
Oe?iaiiia iaeiaiiaaiea ia aeieaeii iiaoi?youe oe?iaiiuo iae-
iaiiaaiee ae?oaeo i?aaei?eyoee,a oaeaea niaea?aeaoue iaicia/aiee,ei-
oi?ua iiaoo aaanoe a caaeoaeaeaiea.I?e yoii niaiaaeathueie n/eoa-
thony iaeiaiiaaiey n niaiaaeathuae i?aaiecaoeeiiii – i?aaiaie oi?-
iie e e?aoeei iaeiaiiaaieai (anee iauanoai n ia?aie/aiiie io-
aaonoaaiiinoueth e aeoeeiia?iia iauanoai eiatho iaeii e oiaea e?ao-
eia iaeiaiiaaiea,iai?eia? ” Iaye”,oi eo iaeiaiiaaiey ia aoaeoo
n/eoaoueny niaiaaeathueie).
Iniaia aieiaiea i?e auai?a oe?iaiiiai iaeiaiiaaiey neaaeo-
ao ia?aoeoue ia eniieueciaaiea a iai neiaa ” ?inney” e i?iecaiae-
iuo io iaai,a oaeaea iacaaiee ?anioaeee,ai?iaeia,enoi?e/aneeo
iaiyoieeia e o.ae.,/oi iiaeao iio?aaiaaoue niaoeeaeueiiai ?ac?aoa-
iey,a oaeaea oieaou ii?aaeaeaiiiai nai?a.
Ia?yaeo n niaethaeaieai iaycaoaeueiuo o?aaiaaiee ?aeiiaiaeoai
i?e auai?a iaeiaiiaaiey enoiaeeoue ec oiai,/oi iii:
– aeieaeii auoue aeaaicao/iui ia ?onneii ycuea e ?ani?ino?a-
iaiiuo eiino?aiiuo ycueao (neaaeoao eiaoue a aeaeo,/oi iaeo?aeue-
iia neiai iaeiiai ycuea iiaeao cao/aoue eae iaoeaico?iia ia ae?oaii
ycuea);
– ia aeieaeii o?aaiaaoue ia?aaiaea (anee o i?aaei?eyoey aoaeao
iaeii iacaaiea ia ?onneii ycuea,aoi?ia – ia eiino?aiiii,iinoi-
yiii aoaeao aicieeaoue aii?in,n eaeei aea iacaaieai auoiaeeoue ia
aiaoiee ?uiie).
– ia aeieaeii ninoiyoue aieaa,/ai ec 180 ciaeia (aeeth/ay
i?iaaeu), o.e. a i?ioeaiii neo/aa aicieeatho i?iaeaiu n aai aa-
oiiaoe/aneie ia?aaioeie i?e ?aaeno?aoeee.
Ianoi iaoiaeaeaiey iauanoaa:
Ii iiaiio AE (i.2 no.54) ianoi iaoiaeaeaiey iauanoaa n ia?aie-
/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth ii?aaeaeyaony aai ainoaea?noaaiiie ?a-
aeno?aoeeae.Yoi nouanoaaiiia ioee/ea io noa?iai AE,a niio-
aaonoaee ni no.30 eioi?iai ianoii iaoiaeaeaiey th?eaee/aneiai eeoea
i?eciaaaeinue ianoi iaoiaeaeaiey aai iinoiyiii aeaenoaothuaai i?aa-
ia.
N?ie aeayoaeueiinoe iauanoaa:ia ia?aie/ai.
TH?eaee/aneee noaoon iauanoaa:
Iauanoai yaeyaony th?eaee/aneei eeoeii ii ?inneeneiio caei-
iiaeaoaeuenoao.Aai i?aaiaie noaoon ii?aaeaeyaony aeaenoaothuei ia
oa??eoi?ee ?O caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii,ianoiyuei Aeiaiai?ii e Onoa-
aii.Iauanoai i?eia?aoaao i?aaa th?eaee/aneiai eeoea n aeaou aai
ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee.
Iauanoai ioaa/aao ii naiei iaycaoaeuenoaai anai i?eiaaeea-
aeauei aio eiouanoaii.Iauanoai ia ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoe ii iay-
caoaeuenoaai naieo O/anoieeia.O/anoieee ia ioaa/atho ii iayca-
oaeuenoaai Iauanoaa e ianoo ?ene oauoeia,naycaiiuo n aeayoaeue-
iinoueth Iauanoaa,a i?aaeaeao noieiinoe naieo aeeaaeia a Onoaaiie
eaieoae Iauanoaa.
OeAEUe E I?AAeIAO AeAssOAEUeIINOE
Oeaeueth aeayoaeueiinoe Iauanoaa yaeyaony ianuuaiea ?inneenei-
ai e ca?oaaaeiiai ?uieia oiaa?aie e oneoaaie,i?iecaiaeeiuie e
i?aaeinoaaeyaiuie Iauanoaii,a oaeaea iieo/aiea i?eauee.
A niioaaonoaee ni noa?ui AE (no.26,48,49,50) th?eaee/aneia
eeoei iaeaaeaao a?aaeaeaineeie i?aaaie e iaycaiiinoyie eeoue a ?ai-
eao i/a?/aiiiai a o/?aaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioao,i?eciaaaeanue ia
aeaenoaeoaeueiie.Ana iieo/aiiia ii yoie naeaeea eaaeaeay noi?iia
auea iaycaia aa?iooue ae?oaie noi?iia.Anee aea naeaeea ieacuaaeanue
i?ioeai?a/auae eioa?anai ainoaea?noaa e iauanoaa,ana iieo/aiiia
ii iae iiaei auoue acuneaii a aeioiae ainoaea?noaa.
Enoiaey ec iiaiai AE (no.49) eiiia?/aneea i?aaiecaoeee (ca
eneeth/aieai oieoa?iuo i?aaei?eyoee),a neaaeiaaoaeueii e iauanoaa
n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth,yaeythueany ?aciiaeaeiinoueth eii-
ia?/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee,ai?aaa inouanoaeyoue ethaua aeaeu aeayoaeue-
iinoe,ia cai?auaiiua caeiiii.I?e yoii oeacaiey a o/?aaeeoaeueiuo
aeieoiaioao i?aaeiaoa e oeaeae aeayoaeueiinoe ia o?aaoaony.Iaeiaei
anee i?aaeiao e oeaee aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaeoniio?aiu o/?aaeeoaeueiuie
aeieoiaioaie, aeayoaeueiinoue iauanoaa aeieaeia oeeaaeuaaoueny a eo
?aiee.
Onoaaiie eaieoae iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth
ninoieo ec aeeaaeia aai o/anoieeia e ?anniao?eaaaony AE eae ie-
ieiaeueiue ?acia? eiouanoaa iauanoaa,aa?aioe?othuee eioa?anu aai
e?aaeeoi?ia.A yoie nayce anee ii ieii/aiee aoi?iai oeiainiaiai
aiaea noieiinoue /enouo aeoeaia iauanoaa ieaaeaony iaiueoa onoaa-
iiai eaieoaea,iauanoai iaycaii iauyaeoue ia oiaiueoaiee naiaai
onoaaiiai eaieoaea e ca?aaeno?e?iaaoue yoi oiaiueoaiea.Anee noi-
eiinoue /enouo aeoeaia noaiiaeony iaiueoa onoaiiaeaiiiai ieie-
iaeueiiai ?acia?a onoaaiiai eaieoaea,iauanoai iiaeeaaeeo eeeaeaea-
oeee.Iiaeiaiiai ?iaea ?aaoee?iaaiea iai?aaeaii ia eneeth/aiea
i?aeoeee nicaeaiey e aeayoaeueiinoe oeeoeaiuo iauanoa,ia?aceoe?o-
thueo ia aeeaaeao o/anoieeia.
Aeiioneaaony oaeaea oaaee/aiea onoaaiiai eaieoaea,ii eeoue
iinea aianaiey anaie o/anoieeaie naieo aeeaaeia.
?acia? onoaaiiai eaieoaea iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie io-
aaonoaaiiinoueth ia iiaeao auoue iaiueoa noiiu,ii?aaeaeaiiie Caeiiii
ia iauanoaao n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth.Ieieiaeueiue ?ac-
ia? aai onoaaiiai eaieoaea ia iiaeao auoue iaiaa 100 – e?aoiiai
?acia?a ieieiaeueiie iieaou o?oaea a ianyoe.
Iaeneiaeueiue ?acia? onoaaiiai eaieoaea iauanoaa n ia?aie-
/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth ia onoaiiaeai.I?e yoii neaaeoao,iaeia-
ei,eiaoue a aeaeo,/oi a neo/aa i?aauoaiey ei ii?aaeaeaiiiai i?a-
aeaea oneiaeiyaony i?ioeaaeo?a ?aaeno?aoeee iauanoaa.
Ninoaa onoaaiiai eaieoaea ii?aaeaeyaony a niioaaonoaee n
i.6 no.66 AE,enoiaey ec eioi?ie aeeaaeii a onoaaiie eaieoae ii-
aoo anooiaoue aeaiueae,oeaiiua aoiaae,ae?oaea aaue eee eiouanoaai-
iua i?aaa eeai eiua i?aaa,eiathuea aeaiaaeioth ioeaieo.
Ioeaiea aeeaaeia inouanoaeyaony ii aeiaiai?aiiinoe o/anoie-
eia,iaeiaei caeii iiaeao iio?aaiaaoue aa iacaaeneiie yenia?oecu.
Ia iiiaio ?aaeno?aoeee iauanoaa onoaaiue eaieoae aeieaeai
auoue iiea/ai ia iaiaa,/ai ia iieiaeio.Inoaaoayny /anoue iiaeea-
aeeo iieaoa a oa/aiea ia?aiai aiaea aeayoaeueiinoe iauanoaa.
Iiaue AE i?aaeiieaaaao,/oi a oa/aiea aiaea ni aeiy ?aaeno?a-
oeee oi?ie?iaaiea onoaaiiai eaieoaea iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie
ioaaonoaaiiinoueth aoaeao caaa?oaii.Anee yoiai ia i?iecieaeao,ia-
uanoai aeieaeii iauyaeoue ia oiaiueoaiee naiaai onoaaiiai eaieoa-
ea,eeai i?ae?aoeoue naith aeayoaeueiinoue iooai eeeaeaeaoeee.
I?e ?aoaiee aii?ina ia oiaiueoaiee onoaaiiai eaieoaea nea-
aeoao eiaoue a aeaeo,/oi:
– ai – ia?auo,onoaaiue eaieoae ia iiaeao auoue oiaiueoai aei
?acia?a iaiaa ieieiaeueii aeiionoeiiai a niioaaonoaee n aeaenoao-
thuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii;
– ai – aoi?uo,oiaiueoaiea onoaaiiai eaieoaea aeiioneaaony
eeoue n oaaaeiieaieai anao e?aaeeoi?ia iauanoaa,iinea eioi?iai
iie a i?aaa iio?aaiaaoue aein?i/iiai i?ae?auaiey eee eniieiaiey
niioaaonoaothueo iaycaoaeuenoa iauanoaa e aiciauaiey ei oauoeia.
Inaiaiaeaeaiea o/anoieea iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie io-
aaonoaaiiinoueth io iaycaiiinoe aianaiey aeeaaea a onoaaiie eaie-
oae,a oii /enea – iooai ca/aoa o?aaiaaiee e iauanoao,ia aei-
ioneaaony.
Ioaaonoaaiiinoue o/anoieeia iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie io-
aaonoaaiiinoueth ca iaaianaiea eee ianaiaa?aiaiiia aianaiea
aeeaaea a onoaaiue eaieoae ii?aaeaeyaony a aeiaiai?a iaaeaeo ieie.
Aiai?y ia iaycaiiinoe o/anoieeia aianoe aanue naie aeeaae a
oa/aiea aiaea ni aeiy ?aaeno?aoeee iauanoaa,neaaeoao eiaoue a ae-
aeo,/oi naii iauanoai ia ai?aaa i?aaeuyaeyoue e o/anoieeai a no-
aeaaiii ii?yaeea o?aaiaaiee i aianaiee aeeaaeia.Yoi,iaeiaei,ia ic-
ia/aao,/oi iiaeiaiiai ?iaea o?aaiaaiee naie o/anoieee ia iiaoo
i?aaeuyaeyoue ae?oa e ae?oao.
Eiouanoai iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth i?e-
iaaeeaaeeo aio ia i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe.Oi anoue,anee o/anoiee a
ea/anoaa aeeaaea a onoaaiue eaieoae iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie io-
aaonoaaiiinoueth aiineo eiiiuethoa?,yoio eiiiuethoa? ia?anoaao auoue
aai nianoaaiiinoueth e noaiiaeony nianoaaiiinoueth iauanoaa.
I?AAA E IAssCAIIINOE O*ANOIEEIA
A niioaaonoaee n ianoiyuei aeiaiai?ii O/anoieee Iauanoaa
iaycothony auiieiyoue neaaeothuea iaycaoaeuenoaa:
– aiineoue aeeaaeu a Onoaaiie eaieoae a ii?yaeea, ?acia-
?ao,niiniaaie e a n?iee,i?aaeoniio?aiiua a Aeiaiai?a;
– ia ?acaeaoaoue eiioeaeaoeeaeueioth eioi?iaoeeth i aeayoaeueiinoe
Iauanoaa.
Iauai eiioeaeaoeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeee ii?aaeaeyaony niaeaoaieai
iaaeaeo O/anoieeaie eee Aee?aeoi?ii Iauanoaa;
Ia?aaea/a eiioeaeaoeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeee o?aoueei eeoeai,iioaee-
eiaaiea eee eiia ?acaeaoaiea oaeie eioi?iaoeee,a oii /enea a
oa/aiea iyoe eao iinea i?ae?auaiey aeaenoaey ianoiyuaai Aeiaiai-
?a,iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny oieueei n niaeaney ae?oaeo O/anoieeia
iacaaeneii io i?e/ei i?ae?auaiey aeaenoaey ianoiyuaai Aeiaiai-
?a.I?e yoii O/anoieee ai?aaa ?ane?uaaoue eiioeaeaoeeaeueioth eioi?-
iaoeeth o?aoueei eeoeai eeoue a neo/aa i?eaea/aiey eo e aeayoaeue-
iinoe,o?aaothuae ciaiey oaeie eioi?iaoeee,e oieueei a oii iau-
aia,eioi?ue iaiaoiaeei aeey ?aaeecaoeee oeaeae e caaea/ Iauanoaa.
Ia?aie/aiey a ioiioaiee ?acaeaoaiey eioi?iaoeee ia io-
iinyony e iauaaeinooiiie eioi?iaoeee eee e eioi?iaoeee,noaaoae
ecaanoiie O/anoieeo ec eiuo enoi/ieeia aei eee iinea aa iieo/a-
iey io ae?oaiai O/anoieea eee io Iauanoaa.
– i?eieiaoue o/anoea a oi?aaeaiee Iauanoaii a niioaaonoaee
n iieiaeaieyie ianoiyuaai Aeiaiai?a e Onoaaii Iauanoaa;
O/anoieee Iauanoaa ai?aaa:
– o/anoaiaaoue a oi?aaeaiee aeaeaie Iauanoaa;
– iieo/aoue eioi?iaoeeth i aeayoaeueiinoe Iauanoaa,a oaeaea
ciaeiieoueny n aooaaeoa?neeie eieaaie e eiie aeieoiaioaoeeae Ia-
uanoaa;
– o/anoaiaaoue a ?ani?aaeaeaiee i?eauee Iauanoaa a niio-
aaonoaee n Aeiaiai?ii;
I?aai ia o/anoea a ?ani?aaeaeaiee i?eauee – iaeii ec ooiaei-
iaioaeueiuo i?aa o/anoieea,?aaee eioi?iai,eae i?aaeei,ii anooiae
a iauanoai.
– a ethaie iiiaio aueoe ec Iauanoaa,iieo/ea a niioaaonoaee
n ianoiyuei Aeiaiai?ii noieiinoue eiouanoaa,niioaaonoaothuoth aai
aeiea;
– iieo/aoue a neo/aa eeeaeaeaoeee Iauanoaa i?e/eoathuothny ia
aai aeieth a onoaaiii eaieoaea Iauanoaa /anoue eiouanoaa,inoaaoo-
thny iinea oaeiaeaoai?aiey o?aaiaaiee e?aaeeoi?ia.
2. Oi?aaeaiea e eiio?ieue
I?AAIU OI?AAEAIEss E EIIO?IEss
I?aaiaie oi?aaeaiey e eiio?iey Iauanoaa yaeythony:
– iauaa nia?aiea o/anoieeia Iauanoaa;
– aee?aeoi? Iauanoaa.
Aunoei i?aaiii oi?aaeaiey Iauanoaii yaeyaony Iauaa nia?a-
iea O/anoieeia Iauanoaa,ninoiyuaa ec anao O/anoieeia eeai eo
i?aaenoaaeoaeae (ii iaeiiio io eaaeaeiai O/anoieea).
O/anoieee Iauanoaa iaeaaeatho eiee/anoaii aieinia i?iii?oee-
iiaeueii ?acia?o eo aeieae a Onoaaiii eaieoaea Iauanoaa.
Eiiiaoaioeey Iauaai nia?aiey O/anoieeia e ii?yaeie i?eiyoey
ei ?aoaiee ii?aaeaeythony Onoaaii Iauanoaa.
?oeiaiaenoai oaeouae aeayoaeueiinoueth Iauanoaa e eniieiaiey
?aoaiee Iauaai nia?aiey inouanoaeyaony Aee?aeoi?ii Iauanoaa,ec-
ae?aaiui Iauei nia?aieai O/anoieeia.Aee?aeoi? inouanoaeyao ?o-
eiaiaenoai oaeouae aeayoaeueiinoueth Iauanoaa ia iniiaa aaeeiiia/a-
eey a ?aieao eiiiaoaioeee,ii?aaeaeyaiie Onoaaii Iauanoaa.
Eiio?ieue ca oeiainiaie e oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth Aee-
?aeoi?a Iauanoaa inouanoaeyao ?aaeceiiiay eiienney.?aaeceiiiay
eiienney ia?acoaony e aeaenoaoao a ii?yaeea,ii?aaeaeaiiii a Onoa-
aa Iauanoaa.
AUOIAe O*ANOIEEA EC IAUANOAA
O/anoiee Iauanoaa ai?aaa aueoe ec Iauanoaa iacaaeneii io
niaeaney ae?oaeo o/anoieeia,a ethaia a?aiy, iai?aaea ia yoii
ienueiaiiia oaaaeiieaiea ae?oaei O/anoieeai ii eo aae?anai,oeacai-
iui a Aeiaiai?a.
Auoiae O/anoieea ec Iauanoaa ?anniao?eaaaony eae ?anoi?aea-
iea O/anoieeii ianoiyuaai Aeiaiai?a.
Auoiae ec Iauanoaa ia inaiaiaeaeaao O/anoieea io iayca-
oaeuenoa ia?aae Iauanoaii,eioi?ua aicieeee aei iiiaioa aai auoiaea.
A neo/aa auoiaea O/anoieea ec Iauanoaa aio aeieaeia auoue
auiea/aia noieiinoue /anoe eiouanoaa,niioaaonoaothuae aai aeiea a
Onoaaiii eaieoaea Iauanoaa.O/anoiee ia ai?aaa i?aoaiaeiaaoue ia
auaea/o aio eiouanoaa a iaoo?a.Oeacaiiay auieaoa inouanoaeyaony
Iauanoaii a oa/aiea o?ao ianyoeaa iinea ieii/aiey oeiainiaiai
aiaea,a eioi?ii i?iecioae auoiae O/anoieea ec Iauanoaa.Niinia e
n?iee yoie auieaou eceaaathony a o/?aaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioao ia-
uanoaa e aeieaeiu auoue i?aaeoniio?aiu Caeiiii ia iauanoaao n ia-
?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth.
a. O/anoieee
IOAAONOAAIIINOUe O*ANOIEEIA
O/anoieee iaycothony auiieiyoue oneiaey ianoiyuaai Aeiaiai?a
a iieiii iauaia e a niaeaniaaiiua n?iee. a neo/aa iaeniieiaiey
eee iaiaaeeaaeauaai eniieiaiey iaeiei ec O/anoieeia naieo iayca-
oaeuenoa ii ianoiyuaio Aeiaiai?o ii iaycai aicianoeoue Iauanoao
i?e/eiaiiua a nayce n yoei oauoee.
Iiae oauoeaie iiieiathony i?iecaaaeaiiua ?anoiaeu,oo?aoa eee
iia?aaeaeaiea eiouanoaa,iaiin?aaenoaaiii iaoneiaeaiiua ia?ooaieai
ianoiyuaai Aeiaiai?a O/anoieeii,oiouaiiay Iauanoaii auaiaea.
Iiieii aiciauaiey oauoeia O/anoiee iaycoaony oieaoeoue Ia-
uanoao oo?ao.
A neo/aa ia?ooaiey naiaai iaycaoaeuenoaa a ioiioaiee n?i-
eia aianaiey aeeaaeia O/anoiee iaycoaony oieaoeoue oo?ao ia
oieueei Iauanoao,ii e eaaeaeiio ec O/anoieeia.
Iauanoai a niioaaonoaee n onoaiiaeaiiie aeaenoaothuei ia
oa??eoi?ee ?O caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii iiaenoaeiinoueth ai?aaa o?aaiaaoue
i?eioaeeoaeueiiai eniieiaiey O/anoieeaie naieo iaycaoaeuenoa a
niioaaonoaee n ianoiyuei Aeiaiai?ii,a oaeaea aiciauaiey i?e/e-
iaiiiai iaeniieiaieai eee iaiaaeeaaeauei eniieiaieai yoeo iayca-
oaeuenoa oua?aa e oieaou oo?aoiuo naieoeee.
O/anoieee iiaoo auoue inaiaiaeaeaiu io ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca
/anoe/iia eee iieiia iaeniieiaiea iaycaoaeuenoa a niioaaonoaee
n ianoiyuei Aeiaiai?ii a neo/aa aicieeiiaaiey ianoiyoaeuenoa
iai?aiaeieeiie neeu,oi anoue ianoiyoaeuenoa,iaoiaeyueony aia ?a-
coiiiai eiio?iey O/anoieeia.E iacaaiiui ianoiyoaeuenoaai io-
iinyony,a /anoiinoe: caieao?ynaiea,iaaiaeiaiea, iiaea?, o?aaai,
aieia,aiaiiua aeaenoaey,aeieaaea,caaanoiaea,cai?auaiea yenii?oa,
eee eiii?oa e ae?oaea ia?aie/aiey,noaaoea ?acoeueoaoii aeaenoaee
ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia.
Oaeo iaee/ey ianoiyoaeuenoa iai?aiaeieeiie neeu aeieaeai auoue
iiaeoaa?aeaeai caeeth/aieai eiiiaoaioiie iaeo?aeueiie i?aaiecaoeee.
ANOOIEAIEA AeIAIAI?A A NEEO
Ianoiyuee Aeiaiai? anooiaao a neeo n aeaou aai iiaeienaiey
anaie O/anoieeaie.
Eiaiii n yoie aeaou O/anoieee i?eieiatho ia naay i?aaeoniio-
?aiiua a Aeiaiai?a iaycaoaeuenoaa.I?e/ai iaycaoaeuenoaa,auoaeath-
uea ec aeiaiai?a,iiaeii oneiaii ?acaeoue ia aeaa aeaea:
– ai- ia?auo,iiaeeaaeauea auiieiaieth n iiiaioa anooieaiey
aeiaiai?a a neeo;
– ai- aoi?uo,iiaeeaaeauea auiieiaieth eeoue iinea aino-
aea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee Iauanoaa.Iineaaeiaai ?iaea ianoiyoaeueno-
aa,anoanoaaiii,aiceaaathony ia o/anoieeia eeoue i?e ianooieaiee
iaiaoiaeeiiai oneiaeth aeey eo auiieiaiey – ?aaeno?aoeee Iauanoaa.
Neaaeoao,enoaoe,ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia oi,/oi Onoaa Iauanoaa
anooiaao a neeo n iiiaioa ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee Iauanoaa.
I?IAEO ONOAAA III
Anee iauanoai n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth o/?aaeaeaaony
iaeiei eeoeii,aai o/?aaeeoaeueiui aeieoiaioii yaeyaony eeoue onoaa.
Onoaa iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth aeieaeai ni-
aea?aeaoue ioaao ia aii?in,/oi i?aaenoaaeyao ec naay iauanoai eae
th?eaee/aneia eeoei ii ?inneeneiio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao.I?e yoii ia-
?auaao ia naay aieiaiea ethaiiuoiay iiae?iaiinoue: iiaue AE ia
niaea?aeeo iieiiai ia?a/iy eioi?iaoeee,eioi?ay aeieaeia auoue ioia-
aeaia a Onoaaa.Eiaaony eeoue o?aaiaaiea e o/?aaeeoaeueiui aeieoiai-
oai iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth,eioi?ua aeieaeiu
niaea?aeaoue eae ieieioi neaaeothuea naaaeaiey:
– iaeiaiiaaiea;
– ianoi iaoiaeaeaiey;
– ?acia? onoaaiiai eaieoaea;
– ?acia? aeieae o/anoey;
– ?acia?,ninoaa,n?iee e ii?yaeie aianaiey aeeaaeia a onoaa-
iue eaieoae; ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca ia?ooaiea iaycaiiinoe ii
aianaieth aeeaaeia;
– ninoaa e eiiiaoaioeey i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey e ii?yaeie i?e-
iyoey eie ?aoaiee;
Ec iacaaiiuo naaaeaiee iaycaoaeueiia io?aaeaiea a Onoaaa
aeieaeiu iaeoe eeoue naaaeaiey,eanathueany oi?aaeaiey Iauanoaii.Ii-
ieii yoiai,anee o/anoieee caoioyo i?aaeoniio?aoue eiia yoi oiaea
aeieaeii iaeoe io?aaeaiea a Onoaaa Iauanoaa.
Anee i?eaaaeaiiua naaaeaiey oaea niaea?aeaony a o/?aaeeoaeueiii
aeiaiai?a AE ia o?aaoao iiaoi?youe eo a Onoaaa.
IAUEA IIEIAEAIEss
Onoaa yaeyaony aeieoiaioii, eioi?ue /anoi i?eoiaeeony iiea-
cuaaoue aiaia.Ii yoei niia?aaeaieyi n o/aoii iaiaoiaeeiinoe a io-
aeaeueiuo neo/ayo nio?aiaiey eiioeaeaioeeaeueiinoe a ioiioaiee
o/anoieeia iauanoaa,eiaia o/anoieeia a onoaaa iiaeii ia oeacu-
aaoue,oai aieaa,/oi iie oeacaiu a O/?aaeeoaeueiii aeiaiai?a.
a. TH?eaee/aneee noaoon
Iauanoai yaeyaony th?eaee/aneei eeoeii ii ?inneeneiio caei-
iiaeaoaeuenoao.Aai i?aaiaie noaoon ii?aaeaeyaony aeaenoaothuei ia
oa??eoi?ee ?O caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii,O/?aaeeoaeueiui aeiaiai?ii e
Onoaaii.Iauanoai i?eia?aoaao i?aaa th?eaee/aneiai eeoea n aeaou
aai ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee.
Iauanoai eiaao naiinoiyoaeueiue aaeain e aeaenoaoao ia
iniiaa iieiiai oicyenoaaiiiai ?an/aoa,naiioeiaine?iaaiey e na-
iiieoiaaiinoe.
Eiouanoai Iauanoaa ninoieo ec:
– aeieaauo aeeaaeia aai o/anoieeia (Onoaaiie eaieoae);
– i?iaeoeoeee,i?iecaaaeaiiie iauanoaii a i?ioeanna oi-
cyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe;
– iieo/aiiuo aeioiaeia,a oaeaea eiiai eiouanoaa,i?eia?aoai-
iiai ei ia ae?oaeo iniiaaieyo,aeiioneaaiuo aeaenoaothuei ia oa??e-
oi?ee ?O caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii.
Iauanoai inouanoaeyao aeaaeaiea, iieueciaaiea e ?anii?yaea-
iea naiei eiouanoaii a niioaaonoaee n oeaeyie naiae aeayoaeue-
iinoe e iacia/aieai eiouanoaa.
Iinoieueeo iineieueeo eiouanoai yaeyaony nianoaaiiinoueth ia-
uanoaa,ca o/anoieeaie nio?aiythony eeoue iaycaoaeueiua i?aaa;
– i?aai ia o/anoea a oi?aaeaiee iauanoaii;
– i?aai ia iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee i aeayoaeueiinoe iauanoaa;
– i?aai ia o/anoea a ?ani?aaeaeaiee i?eauee;
– i?aai ia iieo/aiea aaeaeaaoiie naiae aeiea noiiu i?e au-
oiaea ec iauanoaa.
– i?aai ia o/anoea a ?ani?aaeaeaiea inoaoea eiouanoaa
iauanoaa i?e aai eeeaeaeaoeee.
Iauanoai ioaa/aao ii naiei iaycaoaeuenoaai anai i?eiaaeea-
aeauei aio eiouanoaii.
Iauanoai ia ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoe ii iaycaoaeuenoaai naieo
O/anoieeia.
O/anoieee ia ioaa/atho ii iaycaoaeuenoaai Iauanoaa e ianoo
?ene oauoeia,naycaiiuo n aeayoaeueiinoueth Iauanoaa,a i?aaeaeao
noieiinoe naieo aeeaaeia a Onoaaiie eaieoae Iauanoaa.
A neo/aa i?aaeuyaeaiey e?aaeeoi?aie o?aaiaaiee e Iauanoao
O/anoieee,ia iieiinoueth aianoea aeeaaeu,ianoo nieeaea?ioth io-
aaonoaaiiinoue ii aai iaycaoaeuenoaai a i?aaeaeao noieiinoe iaii-
ea/aiiie /anoe aeeaaeia eaaeaeiai ec O/anoieeia.
Ainoaea?noai e aai i?aaiu ia ioaa/atho ii iaycaoaeuenoaai
Iauanoaa.
Iauanoai ia ioaa/aao ii iaycaoaeuenoaai ainoaea?noaa e aai
i?aaiia.
O/anoieee iauanoaa,ia iieiinoueth aianoea aeeaae a aai
onoaaiue eaieoae,ianoo nieeaea?ioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ii iayca-
oaeuenoaai iauanoaa a i?aaeaeao noieiinoe iaiiea/aiiie /anoe
aeeaaea eaaeaeiai ec o/anoieeia.Nieeaea?iay ioaaonoaaiiinoue i?aae-
iieaaaao i?aai e?aaeeoi?a o?aaiaaoue eniieiaiey eae io anao
aeieaeieeia niaianoii,oae e io ethaiai a ioaeaeueiinoe,i?e/ai eae
iieiinoueth oae e /anoe/ii.Eniieiaiea nieeaea?iie iaycaiiinoe iae-
iei aeieaeieeii inaiaiaeaeaao ae?oaeo aeieaeieeia io aa eniieiaiey
e?aaeeoi?o.Aeieaeiee, eniieieaoee nieeaea?ioth iaycaiiinoue,eiaao
i?aai ?aa?aniiai o?aaiaaiey e inoaeueiui aeieaeieeai a ?aaiuo aei-
eyo ca eneeth/aieai aeiee,iaaeathuae ia iaai naiiai.
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey onoaiiaeaiiuo oeaeae naiae aeayoaeueiinoe Ia-
uanoai ai?aaa io naiaai eiaie caeeth/aoue ethaua aeiionoeiua caei-
iii naeaeee,i?eia?aoaoue eiouanoaaiiua e iaeiouanoaaiiua i?aaa e
ianoe iaycaiiinoe,auoue enoeii e ioaao/eeii a noaea,a?aeo?aaeiii e
o?aoaeneii noaea.
Iauanoai naiinoiyoaeueii oi?ie?oao i?iecaiaenoaaiioth i?ia-
?aiio,auae?aao iinoaaueeia e iio?aaeoaeae naiae i?iaeoeoeee,na-
iinoiyoaeueii onoaiaaeeaaao ia iaa oeaiu.
Iauanoai naiinoiyoaeueii inouanoaeyao aiaoiayeiiiie/aneoth
aeayoaeueiinoue.Iii ai?aaa niaa?oaoue yenii?oii – eiii?oiua iia?a-
oeee,auoaeathuea ec i?aaeiaoa aai aeayoaeueiinoe,iaiin?aaenoaaiii
eee ia aeiaiai?iie iniiaa /a?ac ae?oaea i?aaiecaoeee.
Iauanoai iiaeao iieueciaaoueny e?aaeeoaie, caeiaie e ae?oaeie
oi?iaie oeiaine?iaaiey, iieo/aiiuie a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea eae
a ?O, oae e ca ?oaaaeii, a oaeaea i?eia?aoaoue ia aioo?aiiai ?uiea
eiino?aiioth aaethoo ca ?oaee e ?oaee ca eiino?aiioth aaethoo
n o/aoii o?aaiaaiee, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo aeaenoaothuei ia oa??eoi?ee
?O caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii.
A onoaiiaeaiiii aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii ii?yaeea Ia-
uanoai ai?aaa auioneaoue oeaiiua aoiaae e ?ani?ino?aiyoue eo.
Iauanoai ai?aaa nicaeaaaoue ia oa??eoi?ee ?O e ca ?oaaaeii
oeeeaeu e i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa. Oeeeaeu e i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa Ia-
uanoaa aeaenoaotho io aai eiaie ia iniiaaiee Iieiaeaiee i ieo,
ooaa?aeaeaaiuo Iauanoaii.
Iauanoai n o/aoii o?aaiaaiee aeaenoaothuaai ia oa??eoi?ee
?O caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ai?aaa ?acaeaaoue oicyenoaaiioth aeayoaeue-
iinoue iooai nicaeaiey ca ?oaaaeii i?aaei?eyoee (n o/anoeai a eo
eaieoaea e i?aaiao oi?aaeaiey), a oaeaea iooai inouanoaeaiey
eiaanoeoeee a aeioiaeiua aeoeau (oeaiiua aoiaae) eiino?aiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee ia ca?oaaaeiuo oiiaeiauo e oiaa?iuo ae?aeao.
Iauanoai ai?aaa auoue o/anoieeii ae?oaiai i?aaei?eyoey,a
oaeaea aoiaeeoue a iauaaeeiaiey th?eaee/aneeo eeoe.
Iauanoai ai?aaa eiaoue ia/aoue,ooaii e aeaiee ni naiei iae-
iaiiaaieai e oe?iaiiui ciaeii,?an/aoiue e eiua n/aoa a o/?aae-
aeaieyo aaieia.
Iauanoai a oeaeyo ?aaeecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiie,nioeeaeue-
iie,yeiiiie/aneie e iaeiaiaie iieeoeee ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue
ca nio?aiaiea aeieoiaioia; iaania/eaaao ia?aaea/o ia aino-
aea?noaaiiia o?aiaiea a a?oeau aeieoiaioia,eiathueo iao/ii –
enoi?e/aneia cia/aiea,o?aieo e eniieuecoao a onoaiiaeaiiii ii-
?yaeea aeieoiaiou ii ee/iiio ninoaao.
Iauanoai auiieiyao a niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaea-
oaeuenoaii ainoaea?noaaiiua ia?ii?eyoey ii iiaeeecaoeeiiiie iiae-
aioiaea.
a. Aeiey o/anoey
IA?AAeA*A AeIEE O*ANOEss
Eaaeaeue O/anoiee Iauanoaa iiaeao ia?aaeaoue naith aeieth a
Onoaaiii eaieoaea Iauanoaa,iaeiiio eee ianeieueeei O/anoieeai,a
oaeaea i?iaeaoue aa o?aoueei eeoeai.
Ia?aaea/a o?aoueei eeoeai aeiee eiay,i?iaeaaea (ca eneeth/aieai
ia?aoiaea aeiee eee aa /anoe e ianeaaeieeai e i?aaii?aaiieeai)
cai?auaaony.
O/anoieee Iauanoaa iieuecothony i?aeiouanoaaiiui i?aaii ii-
eoiee aeiee onooiathuaai O/anoieea i?iii?oeeiiaeueii eo aeieyi a
Onoaaiii eaieoaea Iauanoaa.
Onoaaii eee niaeaoaieai o/anoieeia iiaeao auoue i?aaeoniio-
?ai eiie ii?yaeie inouanoaeaiey yoiai i?aaa.
Yoei i?aaii o/anoieee iiaoo ainiieueciaaoueny a oa/aiea 30
aeiae n aeaou iieo/aiey ienueiaiiiai niiauaiey onooiathuaai aeieth
O/anoieea.
Onoaaii Iauanoaa eee niaeaoaieai o/anoieeia iiaeao auoue
i?aaeoniio?ai eiie n?ie.
Onooiaaiay aeiey ia iiaeao auoue i?iaeaia o?aoueaio eeoeo ia
aieaa eueaioiuo oneiaeyo,/ai oa,ia eioi?uo iia i?aaeeaaaeanue ia-
eaaeaoaeyi i?aeiouanoaaiiiai i?aaa.
Aeiey O/anoieea Iauanoaa iiaeao auoue i?iaeaia aei aa iieiie
iieaou eeoue a oie /anoe,a eioi?ie iia oaea iiea/aia.
I?e i?iaeaaea aeiee o?aoueaio eeoeo i?ienoiaeeo iaeiia?aiaiiue
ia?aoiae e iaio niioaaonoaothueo i?aa e iaycaiiinoae,i?eiaaeeaaea-
ueo O/anoieeo,onooiathuaio aa iieiinoueth eee /anoe/ii.Ia?aaea/a
aeiee o?aoueaio eeoeo aiciiaeia eeoue i?e oneiaee i?eiyoey o?aoueei
eeoeii iaycaoaeuenoaa niaethaeaoue ana oneiaey Onoaaa Iauanoaa e
O/?aaeeoaeueiiai Aeiaiai?a.
IANEAAeIAAIEA AeIEE E I?AAII?AAINOAI A IOIIOAIEE AeIEE
Aeiee a onoaaiii eaieoaea iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie io-
aaonoaaiiinoueth ia?aoiaeyo e ianeaaeieeai a?aaeaeai e i?aaii?aaiie-
eai th?eaee/aneeo eeoe,yaeyaoeony o/anoieeaie Iauanoaa.
O/?aaeeoaeueiuie aeieoiaioaie Iauanoaa iiaeiaiiai ?iaea ia?a-
oiae iiaeao auoue iinoaaeai a caaeneiinoue io niaeaney inoaeueiuo
o/anoieeia.A yoii neo/aa ioeac a niaeanee aea/ao iaycaiiinoue
iauanoaa auieaoeoue ianeaaeieeai o/anoieea aeaenoaeoaeueioth noie-
iinoue aeiee eee auaeaoue ei a iaoo?a eiouanoai ia oaeoth noieiinoue.
OICssENOAAIIAss AeAssOAEUeIINOUe
OIIAeU,AICIAUAIEA OAUOEIA,?ANI?AAeAEAIEA
I?EAUEE,OICssENOAAIIAss AeAssOAEUeIINOUe
Iauanoai nicaeaao ?aca?aiue oiiae a ?acia?a iyoiaaeoeaoe i?i-
oeaioia onoaaiiai eaieoaea.Oi?ie?iaaiea ?aca?aiiai oiiaea ino-
uanoaeyaony iooai aaeaaiaeiuo io/eneaiee aei aeinoeaeaiey oiiaeii
iacaaiiuo ?acia?ia.?acia? aaeaaiaeiuo io/eneaiee ninoaaeyao 5%
io i?eauee Iauanoaa.
Ii ?aoaieth Aee?aeoi?a a Iauanoaa iiaoo nicaeaaaoueny oaeaea :
– oiiae iaoa?eaeueiiai iiiu?aiey;
– ae?oaea oiiaeu,iaiaoiaeeiua aeey aeayoaeueiinoe Iauanoaa.
Oiiaeu iaoiaeyony a iieiii ?anii?yaeaiee Iauanoaa.Iacia/a-
iey,?acia?u,enoi/ieee ia?aciaaiey e ii?yaeie eniieueciaaiey oii-
aeia ii?aaeaeyaony Aee?aeoi?ii Iauanoaa.I?e yoii iauee ?acia? io-
/eneaiee ai ana yoe oiiaeu ia iiaeao i?aauoaoue 10% io i?eauee
Iauanoaa,inoaaoaeny iinea iaeiaeaiey iaeiaii ia i?eaueue.
Oauoee Iauanoaa iie?uaathony ca n/ao ?aca?aiiai oiiaea.
I?e iaaeinoaoea n?aaenoa ?aca?aiiai oiiaea aeey iie?uoey
oauoeia ?aoaiea ia enoi/ieeao eo iie?uoey i?eieiaao Iauaa nia-
?aiea O/anoieeia Iauanoaa.
I?eaueue Iauanoaa ca au/aoii noii ii ?an/aoai n athaeaea-
oii,eiuo iaycaoaeueiuo ieaoaaeae e noii,iai?aaeaiiuo ia nicaeaiea
e iiiieiaiea oiiaeia Iauanoaa,?ani?aaeaeyaony iaaeaeo aai O/anoie-
eaie i?iii?oeeiiaeueii aeieyi o/anoey a Onoaaiii eaieoaea Iauano-
aa.
Iauanoai inouanoaeyao naith aeayoaeueiinoue ia iniiaa ooaa?ae-
aeaiiuo Iauei nia?aieai oaeoueo e ia?niaeoeaiuo ieaiia.Oeiaini-
aay aeayoaeueiinoue Iauanoaa inouanoaeyaony ia iniiaa oeiainiauo
ieaiia.Oeiainiaua ieaiu ninoaaeythony ia oeiainiaue aiae,eioi?ue
niaiaaeaao n eaeaiaea?iui aiaeii.
?acoeueoaou oeiainiaie aeayoaeueiinoe onoaiaaeeaathony ia
iniiaa aiaeiaiai aooaaeoa?neiai io/aoa.
Iauanoai aaaeao iia?aoeaiue aooaaeoa?neee e noaoenoe/aneee
o/ao a niioaaonoaee n ii?yaeeii,onoaiiaeaiiui a ?O.
Ana aaethoiua ?anoiaeu,naycaiiua n inouanoaeaieai Iauanoaii
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe,iaania/eaathony ca n/ao aaethoiie au-
?o/ee Iauanoaa,a oaeaea ca n/ao ae?oaeo ?ac?aoaiiuo aeaenoaothuei
ia oa??eoi?ee ?O caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii enoi/ieeia iieo/aiey eiino-
?aiiie aaethou.
Iauaa nia?aiea
NINOAA IAUAAI NIA?AIEss
Iauaa nia?aiea ninoieo ec anao O/anoieeia eee eo i?aaenoa-
aeoaeae.I?aaenoaaeoaee iiaoo auoue iinoiyiiuie eee iacia/aiiuie
ia ii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie.
O/anoiee iiaeao a ethaie iiiaio caiaieoue naiaai i?aaenoaae-
oaey ia Iauai nia?aiee,iinoaaea ia yoii a ecaanoiinoue ae?oaeo
O/anoieeia.
A ea/anoaa i?aaenoaaeoaey O/anoieea ai?aaa aunooiaoue ae?o-
aie O/anoiee.
Iaeii eeoei ai?aaa i?aaenoaaeyoue eioa?anu ianeieueeeo O/ano-
ieeia.
E?iia aiciauaiey ?anoiaeia,naycaiiuo n ia?aacaeaie,eiiaiaee-
?iai/iuo e ae?oaeo ?anoiaeia a ?acoiiuo ?aieao,i?eiyouo ia naay
a nayce n eniieiaieai iaycaiiinoae /eaia Iauaai nia?aiey,e ia
eioi?ua aeieaeiu auoue i?aaenoaaeaiu ii?aaaeaoaeueiua aeieoiaiou,/ea-
iu Iauaai nia?aiey iieo/atho aiciaa?aaeaeaiea io Iauanoaa ca
eniieiaiea naieo iaycaiiinoae a aeaea aaeeiia?aiaiiiai aiciaa-
?aaeaeaiey ca n/ao Iauanoaa ii ?aoaieth Iauaai nia?aiey.
EIIIAOAIOeEss IAUAAI NIA?AIEss
A eiiiaoaioeeth Iauaai nia?aiey aoiaeeo ?aoaiea neaaeothueo
aii?inia:
– eciaiaiea Onoaaa Iauanoaa,eciaiaiea ?acia?a aai Onoaa-
iiai eaieoaea,i?eai a Iauanoai iiauo O/anoieeia,eciaiaiea ?ac-
ia?ia aeieae O/anoieeia a Onoaaiii eaieoaea;
– eca?aiea Aee?aeoi?a e aein?i/iia i?ae?auaiea aai iieiiii-
/ee;
– ooaa?aeaeaiea aiaeiauo io/aoia e aooaaeoa?neeo aaeainia
Iauanoaa e ?ani?aaeaeaiea aai i?eaueae e oauoeia,ooaa?aeaeaiea
io/aoia e caeeth/aiee ?aaeceiiiie eiienee;
– i?eiyoea ?aoaiee ia enoi/ieeao iie?uoey oauoeia Iauano-
aa;
– eca?aiea ?aaeceiiiie eiiennee Iauanoaa;
– ii?aaeaeaiea iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiee aeayoaeueiinoe Iauano-
aa,ooaa?aeaeaiea aai ieaiia e io/aoia ia eo eniieiaiee;
– nicaeaiea,?ai?aaiecaoeey e eeeaeaeaoeey oeeeaeia e i?aaenoa-
aeoaeuenoa,ooaa?aeaeaiea Iieiaeaiee i ieo;
– ooaa?aeaeaiea Iieiaeaiey i ?aaeceiiiie eiiennee,Iieiaeaiey
i ia?niiaea;
– onoaiiaeaiea ?acia?ia,oi?i e ii?yaeea aianaiey O/anoie-
eaie aeiiieieoaeueiuo aciinia;
– ?aoaiea aii?ina i i?eia?aoaiee Iauanoaii aeiee O/anoieea;
– ooaa?aeaeaiea oiaa?iuo ciaeia Iauanoaa;
– i?eiyoea ?aoaiey i iieo/aiee aeieain?i/iuo e?aaeeoia;
– i?eiyoey ?aoaiey i ?ai?aaiecaoeee e eeeaeaeaoeee Iauano-
aa,iacia/aiea eeeaeaeaoeeiiiie eiiennee,ooaa?aeaeaiea eeeaeaeaoeeii-
iiai aaeaina.
CANAAeAIEss IAUAAI NIA?AIEss
I/a?aaeiua canaaeaiey Iauaai nia?aiey nicuaathony aeaa ?aca a
aiae n iaycaoaeueiui ia?a?uaii a 9 ianyoeaa.
Aiai/a?aaeiua nia?aiey nicuaathony I?aaenaaeaoaeai Iauaai
nia?aiey:
– ii nianoaaiiie eieoeeaoeaa;
– ii o?aaiaaieth Aee?aeoi?a eee ?aaeceiiiie eiiennee;
– ii o?aaiaaieth O/anoieeia,iaeaaeathueo a niaieoiiinoe ai-
eaa /ai 20% aieinia.
I?EIssOEA ?AOAIEE IA CANAAeAIEssO IAUAAI NIA?AIEss
Ethaie o/anoiee ai?aaa o?aaiaaoue ?anniio?aiey aii?ina ia
Iauai nia?aiee a oii neo/aa,anee ii iinoaaeai ia iicaeiaa /ai
ca 25 aeiae aei ia/aea Iauaai nia?aiey.
Iauaa nia?aiea n/eoaaony i?aaiii/iui,anee ia iai
i?enoonoaotho O/anoieee,iaeaaeathuea a niaieoiiinoe 60% aieinia.
Eiee/anoai aieinia eaaeaeiai O/anoieea i?iii?oeeiiaeueii ?ac-
ia?o aai aeiee a Onoaaiii eaieoaea Iauanoaa.
?aoaiey Iauaai nia?aiey i?eieiathony i?inoui aieueoeinoaii
aieinia i?enoonoaothueo ia Iauai nia?aiee eee aaeeiiaeaneai.
Aaeeiiaeanea o?aaoaony aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiey eneeth/eoaeueii
ii neaaeothuei aii?inai:
– ii?aaeaeaiea iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiee aeayoaeueiinoe Iauanoaa;
– aianaiea eciaiaiee e aeiiieiaiee a Onoaa Iauanoaa;
– i?eai iiauo O/anoieeia;
– eciaiaiea ?acia?ia aeieae O/anoieeia a Onoaaiii eaieoaea;
– aeia?iaieueiay ?ai?aaiecaoeey eee eeeaeaeaoeey Iauanoaa.
A neo/aa ?aaainoaa aieinia aiein I?aaenaaeaoaey Iauaai nia-
?aiey yaeyaony ?aoathuei.
I?AAeNAAeAOAEUe IAUAAI NIA?AIEss
Iauaa nia?aiea aicaeaaeyao I?aaenaaeaoaeue,eioi?ue ecae?a-
aony Iauei nia?aieai n?ieii ia o?e aiaea.
Iaeii e oi aea eeoei ia iiaeao auoue eca?aii I?aaenaaeaoaeai Ia-
uaai nia?aiey e Aee?aeoi?ii Iauanoaa.
I?aaenaaeaoaeue Iauaai nia?aiey:
– inouanoaeyao iauaa ?oeiaiaenoai aeayoaeueiinoueth Iauanoaa;
– nicuaaao Iauaa nia?aiea;
– i?aaenaaeaoaeuenoaoao ia canaaeaieyo Iauaai nia?aiey;
– i?aaiecoao aaaeaiea i?ioieieia canaaeaiee Iauaai nia?aiey;
– inouanoaeyao eiua iieiiii/ey,aiceiaeaiiua ia iaai Iauei
nia?aieai.
I?e aeaeaiee o/?aaeeoaeueiuie aeieoiaioaie iiaeao auoue i?a-
aeoniio?aia i/a?aaeiinoue i?aaenaaeaoaeuenoaiaaiey o/anoieeia a ae-
oaaeoiii eee eiii ii?yaeea.
AeE?AEOI? IAUANOAA
Eniieieoaeueiui i?aaiii Iauanoaa yaeyaony Aee?aeoi?,ino-
uanoaeythuee ?oeiaiaenoai oaeouae aeayoaeueiinoueth Iauanoaa e
eniieiaiea ?aoaiee Iauaai Nia?aiey,eioi?iio ii iiaeio/aoai.
Aee?aeoi? i?eieiaao ?aoaiey ii anai aii?inai aeayoaeueiinoe
Iauanoaa e?iia oao,eioi?ua aoiaeyo a eiiiaoaioeeth Iauaai nia?a-
iey.
Iauaa nia?aiea iiaeao auianoe ?aoaiea i ia?aaea/a /anoe
naieo i?aa a eiiiaoaioeeth Aee?aeoi?a.
Aee?aeoi?,a /anoiinoe,aeaenoaoao aac aeiaa?aiiinoe io eiaie
Iauanoaa,i?aaenoaaeyao aai eioa?anu, ?anii?yaeaaony eiouanoaii
Iauanoaa,caeeth/aao aeiaiai?u,auaeaao aeiaa?aiiinoe,ioe?uaaao a
aaieao ?an/aoiua e ae?oaea n/aoa,iieuecoaony i?aaii ?anii?yaeaiey
aeaiaaeiuie e eiuie iaoa?eaeueiuie n?aaenoaaie,ecaeaao i?eeacu e
?anii?yaeaiey,iaycaoaeueiua aeey anao ?aaioieeia Iauanoaa,auiineo
?aoaiey i i?eaea/aiee e iaoa?eaeueiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe aeieaeiino-
iuo eeoe Iauanoaa,ii?aaeaeyao i?aaiecaoeeiiioth no?oeoo?o Iauano-
aa,ooaa?aeaeaao ooaoiia ?anienaiea e ii?aaeaeyao oneiaey iieaou
o?oaea ?aaioieeia Iauanoaa,aai oeeeaeia e i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoa,?a-
oaao aii?inu i anooieaiee Iauanoaa a iauaaeeiaiey th?eaee/aneeo
eeoe,ii?aaeaeyao aeae e iauai eiioeaeaioeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeee.
Aeieaeiinoiua iaycaiiinoe Aee?aeoi?a e o?aaiaaiey,i?aaeuyaey-
aiua e iaio,ii?aaeaeythony a Iieiaeaiee i Aee?aeoi?a,ooaa?aeaeaaiii
Iauei nia?aieai.
AE i?aaeoniao?eaaao,ii nooe aeaea,o?e aa?eaioa eniieieoaeue-
iiai i?aaia:
– eieeaaeaeueiue;
– aaeeiiee/iue;
– eieeaaeaeueiue a ni/aoaiee n aaeeiiee/iui.
I?e nicaeaiee eeoue eieeaaeaeueiiai i?aaia iaiaoiaeeii a
onoaaa ii?aaeaeeoue aai eiee/anoaaiiue ninoaa,a oaeaea ii?yaeie
i?eiyoey ei ?aoaiee.Iiieii yoiai iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoue,eai
aoaeoo niaa?oaoueny aeaenoaey io eiaie Iauanoaa aiaia.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue,/oi aa?eaio eeoue eieeaaeaeueiiai i?aaia
a?yae ee iieo/eo ?ani?ino?aiaiea a ?innee,oae eae ii ia nianai
oeeaaeuaaaony a i?eau/iua ?aiee,a ionoonoaea o iauanoaa aaeeiiai
?oeiaiaeeoaey iiaeao auoue iai?aaeeueii iiiyoi aai eiio?aaaioaie,a
oaeaea ?acee/iiai ?iaea eiio?iee?othueie einoaioeeyie.
A neo/aa nicaeaiey eniieieoaeueiiai i?aaia,ninoiyuaai eae
au ec aeaoo /anoae (aee?aeoeey e aaia?aeueiue aee?aeoi?),a onoaaa
iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeoniio?aoue /aoeia ?aca?aie/aiea eo eiiiaoaioeee.
Aaeeiiee/iue eniieieoaeueiue i?aai iiaeao ecae?aoueny ia ec
/enea o/anoieeia iauanoaa.A eieeaaeaeueiue i?aai oaeaea iiaoo
aoiaeeoue ia o/anoieee,ii i?aaeiieaaaaony,/oi a aai ninoaa aieaeoo
oaeaea e o/anoieee.
?AAECEIIIAss EIIENNEss
Eiio?ieue ca aeayoaeueiinoueth Aee?aeoi?a inouanoaeyaony ?aae-
ceiiiie eiienneae,iacia/aaiie Iauei nia?aieai.?aaeceiiiay ei-
ienney nicaeaaony a ninoaaa o?ao /aeiaae ec /enea O/anoieeia
Iauanoaa e /eaiia o?oaeiaiai eieeaeoeaa.Aee?aeoi? ia iiaeao auoue
/eaiii ?aaeceiiiie eiiennee.
?aaeceiiiay eiienney ecae?aaony ec /enea o/anoieeia ia-
uanoaa e i?aaenoaaeoaeae o?oaeiaiai eieeaeoeaa.I?e yoii /eaiu
eniieieoaeueiiai i?aaia ia iiaoo auoue /eaiaie ?aaeceiiiie ei-
iennee.
?aaeceiiiay eiienney nicaeaaony a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue aeey i?i-
aa?ee aeayoaeueiinoe eniieieoaeueiiai i?aaia iauanoaa.
I?iaa?ee iiaoo inouanoaeyoueny ath:
– ii nianoaaiiie eieoeeaoeaa;
– ii ii?o/aieth aunoaai i?aaia;
– ii o?aaiaaieth o/anoieeia.
*eaiu ?aaeceiiiie eiiennee ai?aaa o?aaiaaoue io aeieaeiino-
iuo eeoe iauanoaa i?aaeinoaaeaiey ei anao iaiaoiaeeiuo aeieoiaioia
e iaoa?eaeia,a oaeaea ee/iuo iauyniaiee.Iie oaeaea ai?aaa
i?enoonoaiaaoue n niaauaoaeueiui aieinii ia canaaeaiee eniieie-
oaeueiiai i?aaia iauanoaa.
?acoeueoaou i?iaa?ie iai?aaeythony ?aaeceiiiie eiienneae
aunoaio i?aaio iauanoaa.
?aaeceiiiay eiienney ninoaaeyao caeeth/aiea ii aiaeiaui io-
/aoai e aaeainai.Aac yoiai caeeth/aiey aaeain ia iiaeeaaeeo oo-
aa?aeaeaieth aunoei i?aaiii iauanoaa.
5. AINOAeA?NOAAIIAss ?AAENO?AOeEss
Iauanoai n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth n/eoaaony nic-
aeaiiui n iiiaioa aai ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee.
Aeieoiaiou aeey ?aaeno?aoeee
Aeey ?aaeno?aoeee o/?aaeeoaeyi iaiaoiaeeii iiaeaioiaeoue neaaeo-
thuea aeieoiaiou:
Eaaeaeue o/?aaeeoaeue a ioaeaeueiinoe :
– eiiee naieo o/?aaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioia (oeacaiiia o?aai-
aaiea i?aaeuyaeyaony eeoue e iauanoao n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaai-
iinoueth,nicaeaaaaiui iaeiei th?eaee/aneei eeoeii;
– eiieth naeaeaoaeuenoaa i ?aaeno?aoeee o/?aaeeoaey (ia eaaeaeia
th?eaee/aneia eeoei,yaeythuaany o/?aaeeoaeai).
Iaa o/?aaeeoaey:
– cayaeaiea o/?aaeeoaeae n i?inueaie i ?aaeno?aoeee,caiieiy-
aiua ii onoaiiaeaiiui oi?iai;
– o/?aaeeoaeueiue aeiaiai? iauanoaa (2 yecaiiey?a).I?aaenoaa-
eyaony i?e eiee/anoaa o/?aaeeoaeae aieaa iaeiiai;
– onoaa iauanoaa,ooaa?aeaeaiiue o/?aaeeoaeyie (2 yecaiiey-
?a);
– i?ioieie o/?aaeeoaeueiiai nia?aiey (i?aaenoaaeyaony i?e
eiee/anoaa o/?aaeeoaeae aieaa iaeiiai);
– ?aaeno?aoeeiiioth ea?oi/eo onoaiiaeaiiie oi?iu (2 yecaii-
ey?a);
– ni?aaeo,iiaeoaa?aeaeathuoth iaiiaoi?yaiinoue iaeiaiiaaiey;
– aeieoiaiou, iiaeoaa?aeaeathuea iieaoo ainiioeeiu e ?aaeno?a-
oeeiiiiai nai?a;
– aeieoiaio,iiaeoaa?aeaeathuee iieaoo 50% onoaaiiai eaieoa-
ea,oeacaiiiai a o/?aaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioao.
II?ssAeIE AINOAeA?NOAAIIIE ?AAENO?AOeEE III A IINEAA
– iieaoa ?aaeno?aoeeiiiiai nai?a;
– i?aaenoaaeaiea aeieoiaioia a Iineianeoth ?aaeno?aoeeiiioth
iaeaoo (I?I);
– iieo/aiea a?aiaiiiai naeaeaoaeuenoaa i ?aaeno?aoeee e ca-
?aaeno?e?iaaiiuo a (I?I) o/?aaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioia;
a?aiaiiia naeaeaoaeuenoai aeaenoaeoaeueii a oa/aiea 45 nooie.
– iieo/aiea eiaeia a Aineiinoaoa;
– ecaioiaeaiea ia/aoe;
– iinoaiiaea ia o/ao a iaeiaiaie einiaeoeee;
– iinoaiiaea ia o/ao a Iaineiiiii oiiaea;
– iinoaiiaea ia o/ao a oiiaea iaaeeoeeineiai no?aoiaaiey;
– ioe?uoea n/aoia a aaiea;
– i?aaenoaaeaiea a I?I:
ni?aaee ec aaiea i aaieianeeo ?aeaeceoao;
ni?aaee ec iaeiaiaie einiaeoeee i iinoaiiaea ia o/ao;
ni?aaee ec Aineiinoaoa i i?enaiaiee eiaeia;
a?aiaiiiai naeaeaoaeuenoaa;
aeaeea?aoeee ia ia/aoue;
– auaea/a acaiai a?aiaiiiai iinoiyiiiai naeaeaoaeuenoaa i
?aaeno?aoeee;
– aianaiea a Ainoaea?noaaiiue ?aano?,eioi?ue aaaeaony ?a-
aeno?aoeeiiiie iaeaoie i?e Ieienoa?noaa yeiiiieee ?O.
EIAAeA AICIIAEAI IOEAC A ?AAENO?AOeEE
Ioeac a ?aaeno?aoeee iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaii-
iinoueth aiciiaeai eeoue a aeaoo neo/ayo :
– a neo/aa ia?ooaiey onoaiiaeaiiiai ii?yaeea ia?aciaaiey
th?eaee/aneiai eeoea;
– a neo/aa ianiioaaonoaey o/?aaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioia i?aaeu-
yaeyaiui e iei a caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa o?aaiaaieyi.
III. OA?AEOA?ENOEEA YEIIIIE*ANEEO I?IOeANNIA A I?IECAIAeNOAA IA I?EIA?A
IA*AOIIAI OeAOA
Eco/aaiui iauaeoii eo?niaie ?aaiou yaeyaony iieea?aoe/aneia
i?aaei?eyoea (iauaaeeiaiea) e aai no?oeoo?iua iiae?acaeaeaiey: oeaoe,
o/anoee, iioi/iua eeiee, ?aai/ea ianoa, neoaeau.
Eaaeaeia iieea?aoe/aneia i?aaei?eyoea iaycaii iaania/eaaoue
naiaa?aiaiiue auione aunieiea/anoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee a caieaie-
?iaaiiii iauaia i?e iaeiaiueoeo cao?aoao o?oaeiauo, iaoa?eaeue-
iuo e oeiainiauo ?ano?nia. Yoo caaea/o iiaeii ?aoeoue oieueei
i?e ?aoeeiiaeueii i?aaieciaaiiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo i?ioeannao.
I?iecaiaenoaaiiue i?ioeann i?aaenoaaeyao niaie niaieoi-
iinoue acaeiinaycaiiuo o?oaeiauo e oaoiieiae/aneeo i?ioeannia,
iai?aaeaiiuo ia i?aa?auaiea iieea?aoe/aneeo iaoa?eaeia e ii-
eooaa?eeaoia a ecaeaoaeueneoth i?iaeoeoeeth (eieae, a?ioth?u, aeai-
ee, ieaeaou, aacaou, ioe?uoee e o.i.). Nia?aiaiiia iieea?a-
oe/aneia i?iecaiaenoai i?aaenoaaeyao niaie neiaeiue i?ioeann
i?aa?auaiey i?aaeiaoia o?oaea a aioiaua ecaeaeey. A iieea?aoe-
/aneii i?iecaiaenoaa, eae e ethaii ae?oaii, iniiaiuie yeaiaioa-
ie i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna yaeythony: o?oae, o.a. oeaeaniia-
?aciay aeayoaeueiinoue ethaeae; n?aaenoaa o?oaea – iaoa?eaeueii-oao-
ie/aneay iniiaa i?iecaiaenoaa; i?aaeiaou o?oaea – iieea?aoe/a-
neea iaoa?eaeu e iieooaa?eeaou, ec eioi?uo ecaioaaeeaathony
ia/aoiua ecaeaiey.
Caaea/aie i?aaiecaoeee iieea?aoe/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa ya-
eythony:
i?eiaiaiea yooaeoeaiuo iaoiaeia i?aaiecaoeee iniiaiuo e
aniiiiaaoaeueiuo i?ioeannia ia aaca nia?aiaiiie oaoieee e
i?ia?anneaiie oaoiieiaee;
oi?ie?iaaiea iioeiaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneeo
e i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo no?oeoo? i?aaei?eyoee e eo iiae?acaeaeaiee;
anaia?iia nie?auaiea aeeeoaeueiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
oeeeea auionea ecaeaiee;
aiaae?aiea iioi/iiai i?iecaiaenoaa, iaania/eaathuaai iae-
aunooth i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea i?e iaeiaiueoeo iaoa?eaeueiuo
cao?aoao;
nicaeaiea oneiaee aeey ?eoie/iie ?aaiou anao caaiueaa i?i-
ecaiaenoaa;
i?eiaiaiea iaeaieaa ?aoeeiiaeueiie nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey ea-
/anoaii i?iaeoeoeee;
oaaee/aiea ?aioaaaeueiinoe (aeioiaeiinoe) i?aaei?eyoee e eo
iiae?acaeaeaiee ia iniiaa iiauoaiey i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oaoie/anei-
ai o?iaiy i?iecaiaenoaa.
A aeaiiii eo?niaii i?iaeoa ?anniao?eaaaony aiciiaeiinoue
nie?aoeoue yeiiiie/aneea e a?aiaiiua iieacaoaee i?iecaiaenoaa
e ca n/ao yoiai nie?aoeoue cao?aou ia i?iecaiaenoai aac oua?aa
aeey ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee.
1. I?IECAIAeNOAAIIIA IIAe?ACAeAEAIEA
21. E?aoeay oa?aeoa?enoeea aiciiaeiinoae i?eiaiyaiiai
oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey e oaoiieiae/aneiai
i?ioeanna
Ecaeaiea i?aaeiieaaaaony ia/aoaoue aunieei niiniaii ia/a-
oe. Aunieay ia/aoue oe?iei i?eiaiyaony aeey aini?iecaaaeaiey
oaenoa, oae eae iaania/eaaao aiieia oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiia ea-
/anoai i?iaeoeoeee e aeinoaoi/ii yeiiiie/ia.
Niinia aunieie ia/aoe iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiai. Yoei nii-
niaii ia/aoaaony i?eia?ii 75% anae ia/aoiie i?iaeoeoeee, a oii
/enea aacaoiay, aeaii/iay, a oaeaea aieueoay /anoue eiea. E?iia
oiai, aunieei niiniaii ia/aoathony iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneea,
eeoa?aoo?ii-ooaeiaeanoaaiiua e iao/ii-i?iecaiaenoaaiiua aeo?ia-
eu.
A aunieie ia/aoe ia ?aeueaoii aunooiathuea ia/aoathuea
yeaiaiou oi?iu iaiineony e?anea ?iaiui e i?eaeeceoaeue-
ii iaeeiaeiaui ii oieueiui neiai.
I?e ia/aoaiee iiae aeaaeaieai aunooiathuea ia/aoathuea yea-
iaiou oi?iu aaeaaeeaathony a aoiaao e aeaeaeue , aucuaay i?e
yoii iiyaeaiea aieaa eee iaiaa y?ei au?aaeaiiiai ?aeueaoa ia
iai?ioa aoiaaeiiai eenoa. Eiioeaio?aoeey e?anee ia e?ayo ia/a-
oathueo yeaiaioia i?e ii?iaeueiii aa eiee/anoaa ia oi?ia e
ii?iaeueiii aeaaeaiee i?eaeaao aieueooth /aoeinoue eiioo?ai yea-
iaioia ecia?aaeaiey ia iooenea.
Ia iaeiinoi?iiieo eenoiauo ?ioaoeeiiiuo iaoeiao oeia IAE
ia/aoatho eieaeii-aeo?iaeueioth e iiiaie?ani/ioth ecia?aceoaeueioth
i?iaeoeoeeth. Iaoeiu IAE auioneatho a iaeii- e aeaooe?ani/iii en-
iieiaiee. Iaoeia 2IAE-70-2 ninoieo ec 2-o ia/aoiuo naeoeee ia-
oeiu IAE-70-1 e i?aaeiacia/aia aeey ia/aoaiey ca iaeei i?iaii –
aeaooe?ani/iie, ca ianeieueei i?iaiiia – iiiaie?ani/iie i?i-
aeoeoeee.
Iaoeia 2IAE-70-2 – aeaooe?ani/iay, iino?iaia ii naeoeeii-
iiio i?eioeeio. I?aaeiacia/aia aeey ia/aoaiey aunieiea/anoaai-
iie eieaeiie i?iaeoeoeee n eeouo noa?aioeiia oieueiie 5 ii. A
ninoaa iaoeiu aoiaeyo: eenoiieoathuaa ono?ienoai , aeaa ia-
/aoiua naeoeee, eenoiia?aaeathuee o?ainii?oa? e i?eaiii-au-
aiaeiia ono?ienoai. Eeno, iiaeaiiue naiiiaeeaaeii , au?aa-
ieaaaony nia/aea iaoaieciii i?aaeaa?eaoaeueiiai ?aaiaiey, a
caoai iaoaieciaie ia?aaeiaai e aieiaiai ?aaiaiey. Au?aaiaiiue
eeno ieaeiei oi?a?aeoa?ii e ia?aaeaoi/iui oeeeeiae?iie ia?a-
aeaaony ia ia/aoiue oeeeeiae? ia?aie ia/aoiie naeoeee, aaea
iaaeaeo oi?iiui e ia/aoiui oeeeeiae?aie iieo/aaony iooene. N
ia?aie ia/aoiie naeoeee ai aoi?oth eeno ia?aaeaao oeaiiie o?ain-
ii?oa? , eiathuee iaoaieciu oeene?iaaiey ea?aoie a iiiaio
i?eaia e ia?aaea/e eenoa. Iooene auaiaeeony eenoiauaiaeiui oeai-
iui o?ainii?oa?ii ia aunieinoaiaeueioth i?eaieo.
Noaia
I?aaieaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a oi?aaeaiey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiui iiae?acaeaeaieai (n ia/.oeaoii)
Ia/aeueiee oeaoa
Noa?oee Oeaoiaie
ianoa? Eeaaeiauee iaoaiee
Ianoa? o/anoea ?aiiioiay Iaeaae/eee
iao.aunieie ianoa?neay
ia/aoe
neana?e ?aiiioieee
a?eaaaee?
*eneaiiinoue ?aaioathueo: 32 /ae.
Ii “Aaeeiui ii?iai a?aiaie e au?aaioee ia i?ioeannu iieea?a-
oe/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa” ii?aaeaeyai /eneaiiinoue ?aaioathueo.
1) Iiaeaioiaea oi?iiuo oeeeeiae?ia ia i?eaiaei/iii noaiea: 1
a?oiiu – 1 /ae.
2) I?ei?aaea e ia/aoaiea – 2 /ae o 10 iao. = 20 /ae.
ia/aoiee – 1 /ae.
iiiiuiee ia/aoieea – 1 /ae.
3) Ia/aeueiee oeaoa – 1 /ae.
4) Noa?oee ianoa? – 1 /ae.
5) Ianoa? o/-ea iaoeiu aunieie ia/aoe – 2 /ae.
6) A?eaaaee? – 1 /ae.
7) Eeaaeiauee – 1 /ae.
8) Oeaoiaie iaoaiee – 1 /ae.
9) Iaeaae/ee – 2 /ae.
10) ?aiiioiee – 1 /ae.
11) Neana?ue – 1 /ae.
EOIAI: 32 /aeiaaea
7. 2 Aeieaeiinoiua iaycaiiinoe oeaoiaiai iaoaieea
Oeaoiaie iaoaiee ?oeiaiaeeo ?aaioie oeaoiaie ?aiiioiie
a?eaaaeu, ?ani?aaeaeyao ?aiiioiuo ?aai/eo ii iaoeiai, o/eouaa-
ao e eiio?iee?oao ?aaioo a?eaaaeu ii ?aiiioo iai?oaeiaaiey,
i?aaiecoao auiieiaiea i?ioeeaeoe/aneeo ?aaio, ninoaaeyao
a?aoeee iaae?aiiioiiai ianeoaeeaaiey, ?aiiioiua ieaiu-a?aoeee,
aaaeiiinoe aeaoaeoia, o/anoaoao a ?aaioao ii inaiaieth iiaie
oaoieee e aiaae?aieth ?aoeeiiaeecaoi?neeo i?aaeeiaeaiee, eino?oe-
oe?oao ?aai/eo oeaoa i i?aaeeao oaoie/aneie yenieoaoaoeee e
ooiaea ca iai?oaeiaaieai, iaania/eaaao aaciianioth e yooaeoea-
ioth ?aaioo aaa?aiiiai aio iieea?aoe/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey.
A neo/aa ia?ooaiey i?aaee oaoie/aneie yenieoaoaoeee
iai?oaeiaaiey eee oaoieee aaciianiinoe oeaoiaie iaoaiee eiaao
i?aai i?einoaiiaeoue ?aaioo iaoeiu e i?eiyoue ia?u e eo ono?a-
iaieth n aaaeiia ?oeiaiaenoaa oeaoa. Ii eiaao i?aai noaaeoue aii-
?in i niyoee i?aieaeueiuo ni neana?ae, aeiionoeaoeo ia?ooaiey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie e o?oaeiaie aeenoeeieeiu, e oiaeaoaenoaiaaoue i
iiiu?aiee ioee/eaoeony ?aiiioiuo ?aai/eo. I?e ia?ooaiee ian-
eoaeeaathuei ia?niiaeii i?aaee oaoie/aneie yenieoaoaoeee iai?o-
aeiaaiey ii eiaao i?aai o?aaiaaoue niyoey n ieo i?aieaeueiuo.
Oeaoiaie iaoaiee aoiaeeo a ooao i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai oeaoa e
aaeieieno?aoeaii iiae/eiai iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia/aeueieeo oeaoa, a
iaoiaee/anee – aeaaiiio iaoaieeo i?aaei?eyoey.
8. Ieaie?iai/iua o?aaiaaiey
Ieaie?iai/iua o?aaiaaiey i?aaeoniao?eaatho auiieiaiea
neaaeothueo oneiaee:
a) iiae?acaeaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai, aniiiiaaoaeueiiai e
ianeoaeeaathuaai iacia/aiey aeieaeiu ?aciauaoueny i?e ieieiaeueiuo
iaaeoeaoiauo o?ainii?oiuo e ethaeneeo iioieao;
a) iiae?acaeaeaiey nicaeathuea ooi e aea?aoeeth ia aeieaeiu ni-
naaenoaiaaoue n i?iecaiaenoaaie, a eioi?uo oaoiieiae/aneea i?i-
oeannu e iai?oaeiaaiea o?aaotho niieieiuo oneiaee aeey ?aaiou;
a) iiae?acaeaeaiey ni cia/eoaeueiuie auaeaeaieyie a?aaeiin-
oae neaaeoao ?aniieaaaoue n o/aoii ?icu aao?ia – noaiu, oa?ae-
oa?ecothuae ainiiaenoaothuaa iai?aaeaiea aao?ia a oaieia a?aiy
aiaea;
a) iiae?acaeaeaiey, iniauaiiua oyaeaeui e?oiiiaaaa?eoiui
iai?oaeiaaieai, i?e eiiiiiiaea i?iecaiaenoaa a iiiaiyoaaeiii
caeaiee neaaeoao ?aciauaoue a ieaeiai yoaaea;
ae) iiae?acaeaeaiey, e eioi?ui i?aaeuyaeythony noiaeiua oao-
iieiae/aneea o?aaiaaiey e iaeii?iaeiua ii aioo?aiiaio ?aaeeio,
neaaeoao eiiiiiiaaoue ii ai?eciioaee.
9. Ieaie?iaea i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee
Ieaie?iaea oeaoa i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ieai ?aniieiaeaiey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai, iiaeuaiii-o?ainii?oiiai e ae?oaiai iai?oaei-
aaiey, i?iecaiaenoaaiiie iaaaee, ?aai/eo iano, i?iacaeia e
i?ioiaeia.
I?e ?ac?aaioea i?iaeoa ieaie?iaee aeieaeiu auoue o/oaiu
neaaeothuea iniiaiua o?aaiaaiey:
1. Iai?oaeiaaiea e ?aai/ea ianoa neaaeoao ?aciauaoue a ni-
ioaaonoaee n iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoueth auiieiaiey iia?aoeee oaoii-
eiae/aneiai i?ioeanna, eiio?iey e naea/e iieooaa?eeaoia eee
aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee.
2. Ieaie?iaea aeieaeia iaania/eaaoue oaeianoai e aaciian-
iinoue i?e ?aaioa ia iaoeiao e eo ianeoaeeaaiee, aiciiaeiinoue
iiioaaea, aeaiiioaaea e ?aiiioa iai?oaeiaaiey, oaeianoai iiaea/e e
iai?oaeiaaieth iaoa?eaeia e iieooaa?eeaoia e auaica i?iaeoeoeee,
o/eouaaoue o?aaiaaiey IIO ia ?aai/ai ianoa.
3. Ieaie?iaea aeieaeia auoue oaycaia n i?eiaiyaiuie o?ain-
ii?oiuie n?aaenoaaie, i?aaeoniao?eaaoue iaeaieaa ei?ioeea
o?ainii?oiua iooe, ia aeiioneaoue aica?aoiuo ia?aiauaiee a?o-
cia, ia?ana/aiee a?ociiioieia iaaeaeo niaie e n iooyie, i?aae-
iacia/aiiuie aeey aeaeaeaiey ethaeae.
4. Ieaie?iaea aeieaeia auoue aeaeie, o.a. iaania/eaaoue
aiciiaeiinoue ia?aieaie?iaee i?e caiaia iai?oaeiaaiey, eciaia-
iee oaoiieiaee eee i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna.
?aaioa iaae ieaie?iaeie naiaeeony e iaeaieaa ?aoeeiiaeueii-
io ?aciauaieth aaaa?eoia iai?oaeiaaiey e ?aai/eo iano ia eii-
iiiiai/iii ieaia oeaoa a niioaaonoaee n oeacaiiuie auoa o?a-
aiaaieyie. ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo ?aai/eie ianoaie e iaoeiaie,
iaaeaeo ieie e aeeaeaeoeie eiino?oeoeaiuie yeaiaioaie caeaiey, a
oaeaea oe?eia i?iacaeia e i?ioiaeia onoaiaaeeaathony ii?iaie
oaoiieiae/aneiai i?iaeoe?iaaiey. Aeaaiua i?ioiaeu aeieaeiu
eiaoue oe?eio ia iaiaa 1,5 i, a aniiiiaaoaeueiua – ia iaiaa 1
i. I?ioiaeu e i?iacaeu aeieaeiu auoue ii aiciiaeiinoe i?yiuie, aac
?aceeo iiai?ioia.
?annoaiiaea ia/aoiuo iaoei ii?aaeaeyaony oa?aeoa?ii caea-
iey, noaiie a?ociiioieia, aaaa?eoaie iai?oaeiaaiey, iaiaoiaee-
iinoueth ?aoeeiiaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee ?aai/aai ianoa. Ieiei ia/ao-
iuo iaoei aeieaeiu auoue i?aaeoniio?aiu ieiuaaee aeey onoaiiaee
noaeeaaeae n aoiaaie e iooeneaie, eioi?ua o?aaotho aeiiieie-
oaeueiuo i?iaiiia.
11. Oaoiieiae/aneay ea?oa caeaca
Cao?aou ia ecaioiaeaiea caeaca aeeth/atho cao?aou ia in-
iiaiua iaoa?eaeu e cao?aou ia i?yioth ca?aaioioth ieaoo ?aai-
/eo, ec?anoiaeiaaiioth ia ecaioiaeaiea caeaca, a oaeaea iaeeaae-
iua ?anoiaeu, eioi?ua ii?aaeaeythony ii aeaiiui iieea?aoe/aneeo
i?aaei?eyoee eee oneiaii 400% e i?yiie ca?aaioiie ieaoa ?aai-
/eo. I?yiay ca?aaioiay ieaoa ca aaeeieoeo i?iaeoeoeee ii?aaeaey-
aony iooai oiiiaeaiey /aniaie oa?eoiie noaaee ?aai/aai ia
ii?io a?aiaie, au?aaeaiioth a /anao.
2. OAOIIEIAE*ANEAss IIAeAIOIAEA
12. I?aaiecaoeey oaoiieiae/aneie iiaeaioiaee i?iecaiaenoaa
Oaoiieiae/aneay iiaeaioiaea i?iecaiaenoaa iaania/eaaao
?ac?aaioeo oaoiieiae/aneie aeieoiaioaoeee, ia iniiaa eioi?ie
i?aaiecothony i?ioeann ecaioiaeaiey oaoiieiae/aneiai iniauaiey
e iaiin?aaenoaaiii i?iecaiaenoai ecaeaeee.
Oaoiieiae/aneee i?ioeann ii?aaeaeyao iaoiaeu e n?aaenoaa
ecaioiaeaiey ecaeaeee, oa?aeoa?ecoao oaoie/aneee e i?aaieca-
oeeiiiue o?iaaiue i?iecaiaenoaa. E?iia iaueo naaaeaiee i iinea-
aeiaaoaeueiinoe iia?aoeee, iaiaoiaeeiiai iai?oaeiaaiey e oaoie-
/aneiai iniauaiey, aeathony ?ac?yaeu ?aaiou, ii?iu a?aiaie,
iiae?iaiua oeacaiey i ?aaeeiao ?aaiou e niiniaao eiio?iey i?i-
oeanna.
Niaoeeaeueiay inianoea aeey ecaioiaeaiey ecaeaeee i?iaeoe-
?oaony a caaeneiinoe io iniaaiiinoae ecaeaeee e iai?oaeiaaiey.
Ia noaaeee oaoiieiae/aneie iiaeaioiaee i?iecaiaenoaa cae-
eaaeuaathony iniiau ?aoeeiiaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee anae i?iecaiaen-
oaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
Oeiiaie oaoiieiae/aneee i?ioeann aeieaeai auoue ?aoeeiiaeai
a eiie?aoiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oneiaeyo e ?ac?aaaouaaoueny ia
iniiaa aiaeeca iiiaeanoaa aeaenoaothueo e aiciiaeiuo oaoiieiae-
/aneeo i?ioeannia aeey i?iecaiaenoaa oeiiauo i?aaenoaaeoaeae
a?oii ecaeaeee.
Aeey ?ac?aaioee oaoiieiae/aneie ea?ou oeiiaiai i?ioeanna
iaiaoiaeeii eniieueciaaoue oaoiieiae/aneea eino?oeoeee ia i?i-
oeannu iieea?aoe/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa, ni?aai/ieee ii ii?iai
a?aiaie e au?aaioee, ii?iu ?anoiaeiaaiey iaoa?eaeia.
Cao?aou a?aiaie a ii?ii-/anao iooai aeaeaiey ia 2eai 0ia-
?aaiaeyony a iaoeii-/anu.
13. Oaoiieiae/aneay ea?oa oeiiaiai i?ioeanna
Aeey ?ac?aaioee oaoiieiae/aneie ea?ou oeiiaiai i?ioeanna
iaiaoiaeeii eniieueciaaoue oaoiieiae/aneea eino?oeoeee ia i?i-
oeannu iieea?aoe/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa, ni?aai/ieee ii ii?iai
a?aiaie e au?aaioee, ii?iu ?anoiaeiaaiey iaoa?eaeia.
Iiaeaioiaea iaoeiu e ?aaioa
1. Onoaiiaea aeaeaey.
Aeaeaeue ia ia/aoiue oeeeeiae? onoaiaaeeaatho ia/aoiee e ii-
iiuiee ia/aoieea. Ninoaa aeaeaey, aai oieueio e aeanoeinoue
iiaeae?atho ?aaioieee eaai?aoi?ee. E ia/aeo ia/aoaiey oe?aaea
iie aeatho /aoeea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ia/aoieeo ii ninoaao aeaeaey.
Aeaeaeueiua iaoa?eaeu aeieaeiu auoue ?aaiiia?iuie ii oieueia e
iaeii?iaeiuie ii nooeoo?a, aac aeeth/aiey eii?iaeiuo oae. Ia/ao-
iee e iiiiuiee ia/aoieea ia?acatho aeaeaeueiua iaoa?eaeu ii
?acia?o ia/aoiiai oeeeeiae?a. Ia/aoiee neeaeaaao ii e?iiea
iiaeaioiaeaiiua eenou aoiaae e ianaaeeaaao eo ia eaeu a aa?o-
ithth auaieo ia/aoiiai oeeeeiae?a. Caoai onoaiaaeeaaao caoyaeiia
iieioii, cae?uaaao e caie?aao i?eaeeiioth ieaieo.
a) Onoaiiaea oi?iu.
Ia/aoiee ?annoaaeyao noa?aioeiu ia ?aai/ai noiea nia-
eanii noaia nionea. Niaianoii n iiiiuieeii ia/aoieea ii
?aneeth/aao e nieiaao ii i/a?aaee eaaeaeue noa?aioei io?aaioai-
iie oi?iu. Inaiaiaeeaoaany ianoi iiiiuiee ia/aoieea i?ioe?aao
aaoioueth, i/euaao io e?anee e i?eeeioae aoiaae.
a) I?eaiaeea oi?iu ioiineoaeueii aoiaaeiiai eenoa.
Ia/aoiee aeeaaeuaaao iiae caoyaeiie eeno aeaeaey ana oe?aae-
iua eenou, aeiaiaey aai aei aai o?aaoaiie oieueiu, e aianoa n
iiiiuieeii ia/aoieea caoyaeaaao eo. Onoaiaaeeaaao iaoeio a
?aai/aa iieiaeaiea, ?aaoee?oao n iiiiuueth oii?iiai aeioa iiei-
aeaiea ia?aaeieo oii?ia ioiineoaeueii eenoa e oi?a?aeoa?a. Aeey
aieiaiai ?aaiaiey eenoa ioiineoaeueii iaiiaeaeaeiiai aieiaiai
oii?a ia iaoeiao IAE i?eiaiyaony iaoaieci aieiaiai ?aaiaiey
?ioaoeeiiiiai oeia n i?eaiaeii io eoea/eiaiai aaea. Ia/aoiee
i?iaa?yao i?aaeeueiinoue caoaaoa eenoa oi?a?aeoa?ii e ia?aaea/o
aai e eeaiaiai ia?aaeaoi/iiai oeeeeiae?a.
a) I?eaiaeea iiein oaenoa ia/aoiie oi?iu.
Ia/aoiee iieo/aao iaeiinoi?iiiee iooene e naeaaao aai ii
eeieyi aieiaie e ei?aoeia. I?iaa?yao i?aaeeueiinoue ?aniieiaea-
iey iiein a oi?ia. Ia/aoiee eiio?iee?oao i?eaiaeeo iiein
oaenoa n iiiiuueth oeiiiao?e/aneie eeiaeee.
a) I?eaiaeea oi?iu ii iai?ioo.
Ia/aoiee iieo/aao aeaoonoi?iiiee iooene, i?iniao?eaaao
aai ia i?inaao e i?iaa?yao niaiaaeaiea eiioo?ia iiein ia ee-
oeaaie e iai?ioiie noi?iiao.
ae) I?eaiaeea eeethno?aoeeiiiuo oi?i.
Ia/aoiee iieo/aao iooene ia oe?aaeiie aoiaaa i?e ?aai/ae
nei?inoe iaoeiu. Ia/aoiee iieo/aao iooene, eiio?iee?oao ea-
/anoai i?eaiaeee. I?aaeeueiinoue i?eaiaeee oaeaea eiio?iee?oao
ianoa? o/anoea i?e iiiiue eeiaae e oaieueieea.
2. Iiaeaioiaea e?ani/iiai aiia?aoa.
Iiiiuiee ia/aoieea cae?uaaao e?ani/iue aiia?ao oiieei
neiai e?anee. Iauoth iiaea/o e?anee ia/aoiee ?aaoee?oao ecia-
iaieai oaea iiai?ioa aeoeoi?iiai oeeeeiae?a e?ani/iiai aiia?aoa
iaoeiu. Ieii/aoaeueii ?aaoee?oao iiaea/o e?anee i?e ia/aoaiee
ia?auo 200-300 i?iaiuo iooeneia. ?aaiiia?iinoue iiaea/e e?anee
ia/aoiee eiio?iee?oao /a?ac eaaeaeua 500 iooeneia.
3. I?ei?aaea oi?i.
a) Au?aaieaathuay i?ei?aaea iiae noa?aioei.
Ia/aoiee iiaeeeaaeuaaao iiae eeaiaiu ia/aoiiai oeeeeiae?a
eeno oe?aaeiie aoiaae e ia ?aai/ae nei?inoe iaoeiu iieo/aao
iooene, ?ac?acaao aai ii /eneo iiein e ia?acaao iiey ii eii-
oo?ai iaai?iie iieinu. Ia/aoiee iieo/aao iooene ia oe?aaeiie
aoiaaa e eiio?iee?oao ea/anoai i?ei?aaee.
a) I?ei?aaea ia aeaeaea.
Ia?aae i?ei?aaeie oi?iu iaiaoiaeeii i?e?aaioaoue aeaeaeue.
Caoai ia/aoiee auieiaao ec aeaeaey iiaeeiaeaiiua a i?ioeanna
i?eaiaeee eenou oe?aaeiie aoiaae, a aeaeaeue aiiaue cae?aieyao.
Aeey i?ei?aaee eeethno?aoeeiiiie oi?iu ia/aoiee auieiaao ec aea-
eaey niaiiue eeno e aianoi iaai iiae ieaieo onoaiaaeeaaao
eeno oe?aaeiie aoiaae. Iaoeio i?iai?a/eaatho ia iaeei iai?io e
ia iiaii aa?oiai eenoa aeaeaey ia/aoatho iooene. Ia/aoiee n
iiiiuieeii ia/aoieea aioiayo a?aaeaoeeiiiua i?ei?aai/iua ?aeue-
aou.
4. Iiaeaioiaea aoiaaii?iaiaeyuae nenoaiu.
Naiiiaeeaae e ?aaioa aioiayo ia/aoiee n iiiiuieeii ia-
/aoieea niaeanii oaoiieiae/aneie eino?oeoeee. Iaoyaeaiea oeaiae
eenoiauaiaeiiai o?ainii?oa?a ?aaoee?oao ia/aoiee ia?aiauaieai
“eiioeaauo” caacaei/ae i?eaiiiai ono?ienoaa a iacao noaiie.
Oneeea caaeeia eenoia caoaaoaie ea?aoie eenoiauaiaeiiai o?ain-
ii?oa?a ?aaoee?oao ia/aoiee ia eaaeaeii caoaaoa ioaeaeueii iiai-
?ioii oiiooeeia.
5. Iiaeaioiaea i?ioeaiioia?uaathuaai aiia?aoa.
Aeey i?aaeioa?auaiey ioia?uaaiey e?anie i?eaiiia ono?ien-
oai iaoeiu niaaaeaii i?ioeaiioia?uaathuei aiia?aoii oeia AeO-2.
A ea/anoaa i?ioeaiioia?uaathuaai ii?ioea ?aeiiaiaeoaony ioa-
/anoaaiiue iaeniaue e?aoiae aunoaai ni?oa n aeiaaaeaieai iee-
ne aethieiey aei 2-3% io iannu e?aoiaea. Eiee/anoai iiaeaaaaii-
ai ii?ioea iiaeii ?aaoee?iaaoue n iiiiuueth oi?noiie.
14. Iia?aoeaiia oi?aaeaiea i?iecaiaenoaii
Iia?aoeaii-eaeaiaea?iia ieaie?iaaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
nenoaio ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia eiie?aoecaoeeth ia?niaeoeaiiai e
oaeouaai ieaia i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee. Eiie?aoecaoeey ieaiia
ai a?aiaie ia?aie/eaaaony aeey ioaeaeueiuo iieacaoaeae iany/iui
caaeaieai, a aeey ae?oaeo – aeaeaaeiuie, niaiiuie e ii/aniauie.
Yoio aeae ieaie?iaaiey niinianoaoao iia?aoeaiiio ?aao-
ee?aiaaieth i?iecaiaenoaa, eioi?ia caeeth/aaony a i?eiyoee ia?,
iai?aaeaiiuo ia i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea e eeeaeaeaoeeth io?eoeaoaeueiuo
ioeeiiaiee a ?aaioa i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oeaoia e ianeoaeeaathueo
eo iiae?acaeaeaiee. Iia?aoeaii-eaeaiaea?iia ieaie?iaaiea nii-
nianoaoao aeinoeaeaieth ?aaiiia?iie, ?eoie/iie ?aaiou anao
caaiueaa i?aaei?eyoey. Iia?aoeaii-eaeaiaea?iia ieaie?iaaiea in-
iiauaaaony ia ieaiiauo iieacaoaeyo, onoaiiaeaiiuo a oiaea
yeiiiie/aneiai ieaie?iaaiey. ?ac?aaioea e auiieiaiea iia?a-
oeaiuo ieaiia ieacuaaao aieueoia aeeyiea ia yeiiiie/aneea ii-
eacaoaee ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoey: ia auiieiaiea caeacia e ?aaee-
caoeeth i?iaeoeoeee, ia ?aoeeiiaeueioth caa?oceo iiuiinoae, eniieue-
ciaaiea ?aai/ae neeu, ia naaanoieiinoue auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee
e ?aioaaaeueiinoue ?iecaiaenoaa, ia nie?auaiea aeeeoaeueiinoe
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai oeeeea e onei?aiea iai?a/eaaaiinoe iai?io-
iuo n?aaenoa.
Iniiaiay oeaeue iia?aoeaiiai ieaie?iaaiey . – iaania/aiea
?aaiiia?iie e ?eoie/iie ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoey a oeaeii e aai io-
aeaeueiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee a niioaaonoaee n onoaiiaeaiiuie a iea-
ia n?ieaie iinoaaee aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee, iieo/aiey iaoa?eaeue-
ii-oaoie/aneeo ?ano?nia, inaiaiey iiaie i?iaeoeoeee.
Iia?aoeaiia ieaie?iaaiea .- iniiaiay /anoue aioo?ecaaiaen-
eiai ieaie?iaaiey. Iniaaiiinoue aai ninoieo a oii, /oi iii
i?ecaaii ia eaaeaeii acaeiinaycaiiii o/anoea i?iecaiaenoaa
aioo?e i?aaei?eyoey ii?aaeaeeoue iauaiu auionea i?iaeoeoeee a
eiie?aoiie iiiaieeaoo?a e anni?oeiaioa eae ii eiee/anoao,
oae e ii ea/anoao e n?ieai eo ecaioiaeaiey. A yoeo oneiaeyo
caeeaaeuaathony iniiau auiieiaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai caaeaiey e
iinoaaie a niioaaonoaee n caeeth/aiiuie aeiaiai?aie.
?ac?aaioea iia?aoeaiiai ieaia ia/eiaaony n eiioea oaoii-
eiae/aneiai i?ioeanna, o.a. n ?aaiou a?ioth?iai/ii-ia?aieaoii-
ai oeaoa, /oi iicaieyao i?aaeeueii nieaie?iaaoue ?aaioo inoaeue-
iuo oeaoia e o/anoeia.
Iia?aoeaiue ieai ecaioiaeaiey e naea/e i?iaeoeoeee niaea?-
aeeo iaeiaiiaaiea ecaeaiee, eo oaoie/aneoth oa?aeoa?enoeeo e
i?iecaiaenoaaiiia ninoiyiea ia iiiaio ninoaaeaiey ieaia, iau-
ai ?aaiou, i?eiyoue a ieaia, a ouny/ao yecaiiey?ia e i?eaa-
aeaiiuo eenoao-iooeneao n aeaeaieai ia aeaeu ?aaio ii ioi?iea-
ieth, ioioneioth noieiinoue e ii?iaoeaioth naaanoieiinoue ii eaae-
aeiio iaeiaiiaaieth.
Iia?aoeaiue ieai ii aunieie ia/aoe aeieaeai aeeth/aoue ia-
?a/aiue ecaeaiee, i?iecaiaenoaaiiia ninoiyiea eaaeaeiai iaeiaii-
aaiey, oaoie/aneoth oa?aeoa?enoeeo, iauai ?aaio a i?eaaaeaiiuo
eenoao-iooeneao ii a?oiiai iaoei, ioioneioth noieiinoue e ii?-
iaoeaioth naaanoieiinoue eaaeaeiai caeaca. Iia?aoeaiue ieai caa-
?ocee ia/aoiiai oeaoa aeieaeai iaania/eoue iieioth caa?oceo anaai
ia?ea ia/aoiuo iaoei.
15. Aeeniao/e?iaaiea
Aeeniao/e?iaaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oeaio?aeeciaaiiue
iai?a?uaiue eiio?ieue e iia?aoeaiia ?aaoee?iaaiea oiaea i?iec-
aiaenoaa n oeaeueth iaania/aiey ?aaiiia?iiai e eiiieaeniiai au-
iieiaiey ieaia. Iniaia cia/aiea aeey ?eoie/iiai oiaea i?iec-
aiaenoaa e auiieiaiey ieaia eiatho ooieoeee i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiiai
eiio?iey ioeeiiaiee io onoaiiaeaiiiai a?aoeea e eiio?iey
iia?aoeaiie iiaeaioiaee iineaaeothueo niai. _Aeeniao/e?iaaiea
_aeeth/aao .: iai?a?uaiue o/ao e oaeouoth eioi?iaoeeth i oaeoe/an-
eii oiaea ?aaio ii auiieiaieth onoaiiaeaiiiai a?aoeea i?iec-
aiaenoaa e niaiii-nooi/iuo caaeaiee, i?eiyoea iia?aoeaiuo ia?
ii i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieth e ono?aiaieth ioeeiiaiee io ieaia e ia?aai-
aa a oiaea i?iecaiaenoaa, auyaeaiea e aiaeec i?e/ei ioeeiiaiee
io onoaiiaeaiiuo ieaiia caaeaiee e eaeaiaea?iuo a?aoeeia i?i-
ecaiaenoaa; eii?aeeiaoeeth oaeouae ?aaiou acaeiinaycaiiuo caaiue-
aa i?iecaiaenoaa a oeaeyo iaania/aiey ?eoie/iiai oiaea ?aaiou
ii onoaiiaeaiiiio a?aoeeo; i?aaiecaoeeiiiia ?oeiaiaenoai iia-
?aoeaiie iiaeaioiaeie anaai iaiaoiaeeiiai aeey auiieiaiey niai-
ii-nooi/iuo caaeaiee e eaeaiaea?iuo a?aoeeia i?iecaiaenoaa.
Nicaeaiea niaoeeaeueiie nenoaiu iia?aoeaiie eioi?iaoeee in-
iiauaaaony ia i?eiaiaiee nia?aiaiiuo oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa,
iaania/eaathueo aaoiiaoecaoeeth iieo/aiey, ia?a?aaioee e ia?a-
aea/e eioi?iaoeee.
A i?ioeanna eiio?iey inouanoaeyaony iai?a?uaiia n?aaia-
iea auoiaeiie eioi?iaoeee n aoiaeiie ia ?acee/iuo noaaeeyo i?i-
ecaiaenoaa, i?e eioi?ii auyaeythony ioeeiiaiey e i?eieiathony
?aoaiey ia eo ono?aiaiee. Eniieueciaaiea YAI a iia?aoeaiii
ieaie?iaaiee iicaieyao aiineoue oaeouea ei??aeoeau a ?ac?aai-
oaiiua ieaiu-a?aoeee e niaiiua caaeaiey e oai naiui niaaaeaoue
i?aaiu aeeniao/e?iaaiey iaiaoiaeeiuie aeaiiuie aeey eiio?iey e
?aaoee?iaaiey oiaea i?iecaiaenoaa.
Iacaaeneii io oeia i?iecaiaenoaa iauaeoaie aeeniao/a?nei-
ai iaaethaeaiey aeieaeiu auoue eiio?ieue ca iaee/eai iaiaoiaeeiuo
iaoa?eaeia, aania?aaieiie ?aaioie iai?oaeiaaiey e ca auiieia-
ieai n?i/iuo caeacia.
A i?ioeanna naiae ?aaiou aeeniao/a?neay neoaeaa naycaia ni
anaie i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie e aniiiiaaoaeueiuie oeaoaie e neoaeaaie.
16. I?aaiecaoeey oaoie/aneiai eiio?iey
Oaoie/aneee eiio?ieue .- ninoaaiay /anoue i?iecaiaenoaaiii-
ai i?ioeanna. Ii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie niaieoiiinoue eiio?ieueiuo
iia?aoeee, i?iaiaeeiuo ia anao noaaeeyo i?iecaiaenoaa io iieo/a-
iey i?aaei?eyoeai nu?uey e iaoa?eaeia aei auionea aioiaie i?i-
aeoeoeee.
Aeaaiuie caaea/aie oaoie/aneiai eiio?iey .yaeythony: oeo/-
oaiea ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee; i?aaeioa?auaiea auionea i?iaeoeoeee,
ia niioaaonoaothuae o?aaiaaieyi noaiaea?oia, oaoie/aneeo onei-
aee, ooaa?aeaeaiiui ia?acoeai; oe?aieaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiie e
oaoiieiae/aneie aeenoeeieeiu; iiauoaiea ioaaonoaaiiinoe anao
caaiueaa i?iecaiaenoaa ca ea/anoai i?iaeoeoeee.
Oaoie/aneee eiio?ieue – iaaeaaeiia e aeaenoaaiiia i?oaeea
o?aaeaiey ea/anoaii. E iniiaiui iauaeoai oaoie/aneiai eiio-
?iey ia iieea?aoe/aneii i?aaei?eyoee ioiinyony:
iniiaiua e aniiiiaaoaeueiua iaoa?eaeu;
iieooaa?eeaou, iieo/aaiua ni noi?iiu;
?oeiienue e i?eaeiae, iinooiathuea ec ecaeaoaeuenoa;
aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey;
iieooaa?eeaou, ia?aaeaaaaiua ec oeaoa a oeao eee n o/anoea
ia o/anoie;
oaoie/aneay aeieoiaioaoeey;
oaoiieiae/aneea i?ioeannu, iia?aoeee, ?aaeeiu eo auiieia-
iey;
niaethaeaiea oaoiieiae/aneie aeenoeeieeiu a i?ioeanna i?iec-
aiaenoaa;
ninoiyiea iai?oaeiaaiey e eino?oiaioia;
i?aaeeueiinoue oiaeiaee, o?aiaiey e o?ainii?oe?iaaiey ii-
eooaa?eeaoia a oeaoao e ia o/anoeao, aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee e ia-
oa?eaeia ia neeaaeao.
Eiio?iee?oaiuie i?eciaeaie .a caaeneiinoe io iauaeoa
eiio?iey iiaoo auoue: ia?ea iaoa?eaea; aaiiao?e/aneea, oecoe-
ei-oeie/aneea, ooieoeeiiaeueiua ia?aiao?u; aiaoiea e aioo?ai-
iea aeaoaeou; ea/anoaaiiua e eiee/anoaaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee
oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna.
?aoeeiiaeueiay i?aaiecaoeey oaoie/aneiai eiio?iey ia
i?aaei?eyoee i?aaeoniao?eaaao aai i?ioeeaeoe/aneoth ?ieue, oi/-
iinoue e iauaeoeaiinoue a ii?aaeaeaiee ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee e au-
yaeaiee a?aea, i?eaea/aiea e auiieiaieth ooieoeee eiio?iey ?a-
ai/eo e niaoeeaeenoia, o/anoaothueo a ecaioiaeaiee i?iaeoeoeee.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiua iniaaiiinoe oaoie/aneiai eiio?iey ii?a-
aeaeytho ?acee/iua i?iecaiaenoaaiiua oneiaey, caaenyuea io oeia
i?iecaiaenoaa, oa?aeoa?a i?iaeoeoeee e i?eiaiyaiie oaoiieiaee.
Iie i?iyaeythony ii neaaeothuei iai?aeaieyi: aeae eiio?iey
(aoiaeiie, iia?aoeeiiiue, i?eaii/iue), iieiioa ioaaoa ecaeaeee
eiio?ieai (nieioiie, auai?i/iue), noaiaiue nayce n iauaeoii
eiio?iey ai a?aiaie (eaoo/ee, ia?eiaee/aneee, iai?a?uaiue),
iacia/aiea eiio?iey (eiio?ieue aiaeiinoe ecaeaeee, eiio?ieue ea-
/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee, eiio?ieue onoie/eainoe i?ioeanna), ?aniiei-
aeaiea eiio?ieueiuo ioieoia (noaoeeiia?iue, neieuecyuee), oa?ae-
oa? eiio?iey (i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiue, caa?aaeeoaeueiue), iaoiae
eiio?iey (aecoaeueiue, aaiiao?e/aneee, oeceei-oeie/aneee,
yenia?eiaioaeueiue, noaoenoe/aneee).
Oaaeeoea 1
Oaoie/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea i?eiaiyaiiai iai?oaeiaaiey
N
i/i Oaoie/aneea ia?aiao?u iai?oaeiaaiey Cia/aiea ia?aiao?ia
iai?oaeiaaiey ii aa?eaioai ecaioiaeaiey i?iaeoeoeee
Ia?ea iaoeiu 2 IAE-70-2 0
1. Iaeneiaeueiue oi?iao eenoa, ni 72 o 102
2. Iiieiaeueiue oi?iao eenoa, ni 70 o 100
3. Ieieiaeueiue oi?iao eenoa, ni 54 o 70
4. Oieueia oi?iu, ii 5 (0,8)
5. Iaeneiaeueiay nei?inoue ?aaiou, ia// 7500 (10000)
6. Oaoie/aneay nei?inoue, oeeee/iei 145
7. E?ani/iinoue 2 (2; 1:1)
8. Aaaa?eoiua ?acia?u n naiiiaeeaaeii, i:
aeeeia 6,75 (6,93)
oe?eia 3,45
aunioa 2,02
9. Ianna n naiiiaeeaaeii, ea 14720 (16300)
10. Iauay iio?aaeyaiay iiuiinoue,eAo 22
Iacia/aiea – aeaonoi?iiiyy ia/aoue
oaenoiaie e eeethno?aoeeiiiie i?iaeoeoeee
Oaaeeoea 2
Aiaeiaay i?iecaiaenoaaiiay
iiuiinoue, oun.
Iaeiaiiaaiea Oe?aae, eenoi oece/ oece/ i?eaaae i?eaa
oun.yec. i?iaii ia/ao ia/ao ia/ao ia/ao
e-ioo e?-ioo e-ioo e?-io
1.Oi?iao iaoeiu 1 655 655 1310 852 1703
70 o 100
2.Eiyooeoeeaio i?. 3 1814 1814 3628 2358 4716
e o. 60 o 90 1,3
3.Eie-ai noi?ii, 5 2808 2808 5616 3650 7301
caia/aouaaaiuo
ca 1 i?iaii
4.Eiyo-o,o/eoua. 7 3669 36679 7338 4770 9539
oi?iaoiua aic-
iiaeiinoe
5.E?ani/iinoue 10 4764 4764 9528 6193 12386
6.Ii?ia au?aaio- 15 6205 6205 12410 8067 16133
ee,oun.e-i?ia//
3,968
7.Ii?ia a?.ia 20 7311 7311 14622 9504 19009
i?ei?aaeo, /
5,79
8.Oiiae a?aiaie 25 8186 8186 16372 10642 21284
iniiaiie ?aaiou,
/ 3959
30 8896 8896 17792 11565 23130
50 10764 10764 21528 13993 27986
17. Eeanneoeeaoi? a?aea
I?iaeoeoeey, ea/anoaaiiua ia?aiao?u eioi?ie ia ioaa/atho
o?aaiaaieyi oaoie/aneeo oneiaee eee auoiaeyo ca i?aaeaeu aei-
ionoeiuo ioeeiiaiee, yaeyaony _a?aeii .. Iiae _i?e/eiie a?aea
iiae?acoiaaaaony ioeeiiaiea io ii?iaeueiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
oneiaee eee onoaiiaeaiiiai oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna. Aeiia-
ieee a?aea – ?aai/ea, ?aaioieee oeaoia e ioaeaeia caaiaeioi?aa-
eaiey, /uee aeaenoaey i?eaaee e aicieeiiaaieth a?aea.
Oaaeeoea 8
Aeae a?aea I?e/eiu a?aea
Aeiiaiee a?aea
Ia?aoeneeaaiea Iaa?aaeiia auiieiaiea Iniiaiua
?aai/ea
iia?aoeee
?aciiiooaii/iay Aeaoaeou oi?iu
Eiaeaia?ii-oaoie/.
ia/aoue
?aaioieee oeaoa
Iai?iia/aoea Aeaoaeou iaeaaeee
?aaioieee i?iec-
iai?oaeiaaie
aiaenoaaiiiai ioae.
I?iaeaaiea e?anee Ia?ooaiea oaoiieiae- ?aaioieee
ioaeaea
/aneiai ?aaeeia
iao.oao.niaaaeaiey
Ia?ooaiea i?eaiaeee Aeaoaeou e?anee
?aaioieee caaiaen-
eie eaai?aoi?ee
Ia?aoee Aeaoaeou aoiaae
?aaioieee ioaeaea
oaoie/aneiai
eiio?iey
*?acia?iue iaoene Iaeni?aaiinoue
?aaioieee neoaeau
iai?oaeiaaiey
aeaaiiai iaoaieea
Iaiaeeiaeiaay oe?eia
?aai/ea aniiiiaao.
iaeieiaiiuo iieae
ia iooeneao
3. ?an/ao oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneeo iieacaoaeae
Naeaeaai ?an/aou:
1 aa?eaio
1. A?aiy ecaioiaeaiey iaeiiai oe?aaea, /
F oe?.= _fi?+fia/ o Noe?
eai
fi? – ii?ia a?aiaie ia iaeio i?ei?aaeo, /
fia/- ii?ia a?aiaie ia ia/aoaiea aaeeieoeu ecia?aiey i?i-
aeoeoeee, /
Noe?- n?aaeiee oe?aae ecaeaiey a aaeeieoeao ecia?aiey i?-oeee
n o/aoii oe?aaeaonoie/eainoe ia/aoiie oi?iu
eai – eiyooeoeeaio auiieiaiey ii?i au?aaioee (1,1)
fi?=214 ‘=214:60=3,56/
fia/=19,6’=19,6:60=0,33/
Foe?= _3,56+0,33 o 20 . = 9,2 /
1,1
2. N?aaeiaaiaeiaie i?inoie iai?oaeiaaiey ia ?aiiioao, /
f? = _ [fe+fo(O?oe-2)] o Eni
O?oe-1
fe – ii?ia a?aiaie ia eaieoaeueiue ?aiiio,/
fo – ii?ia a?aiaie ia oaeouee ?aiiio,/
O?oe – n?ie neoaeau iai?oaeiaaiey (11 eao)
f?= _[184+56(11-2)] o 1 . = 68,8 /
11-1
3. I?inoie iai?oaeiaaiey ia oaoiieiae/aneeo inoaiiaeao,/
fo.i.= _ n o.i. . o (F?aae-f?-fi)
100
n o.i. – ii?iaoea i?inoiy iai?oaeiaaiey ia oaoiieiae/an-
eeo inoaiiaeao,%
F?aae – ?aaeeiiue oiiae a?aiaie
fi – aiaeiaia a?aiy i?inoiy iai?oaeiaaiey ia iniio?ao (11
iniio?ia a aiae)
fo.i. = _ 1,1 . (2095- 68,8-88) = 21,32 /
100
4. Aiaeiaia eiee/anoai i?ei?aaie ia iaeiie iaoeia
Ni? i = _ F?aae-(f?+fi+fo.i.)
Foe?
fo.i. – i?inoie iai?oaeiaaiey ia oaoiieiae/aneeo inoa-
iiaeao,/
Ni? i = _ 2095-( 68,8+88+21,32) . = 209
9,2
5. Aiaeiaia a?aiy i?inoiy iaeiie aaeeieoeu iai?oaeiaaiey ia
i?ei?aaeao,/
fi? i = _ fi? o Ni? i
eai
fi? i = _ 3,56 o 209 . = 676.4 /
1,1
6. Yooaeoeaiue oiiae a?aiaie ?aaiou iai?oaeiaaiey
Fae = F ?aae – (fp + fo + fo.i.)
Fae = 2095 – ( 68,8 + 88 + 21,32) = 1916,88 /
7. Yooaeoeaiue oiiae a?aiaie ?aaiou ia/aoiie iaoeiu,/
Fae ia/ = Fae – fi? i
Fae ia/ = 1916,88 – 676,4 = 1240,48 /
8. Aiaeiaay i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue ia/aoiie iaoeiu a aaeeie-
oeao ecia?aiey i?iaeoeoeee
Iia ia/ = I/ o Fae ia/ o eai
Iia ia/ = 3,06 o 1240,48 o 1,1 = 4175,45
2 aa?eaio
Oaia?ue naeaeaai ?an/ao oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneeo iieacaoa-
eae, oiaiueoea a?aiy ia ia/aoue ia 3%
fia/ = 0,33 – 3% = 0,3201 /
1. Foe? = _ 3,56+0,3201 o 20 . = 9,06 /
1,1
2. f? = 68,8 /
3. fo.i. = 21,32 /
4. Ni? i = _ 2095-( 68,8+88+21,32) . = 212,0
9,06
5. fi? i = _ 3,56 o 212,0 . = 684,7 /
1,1
6. Fae = 2095 – ( 68,8 + 88 + 21,32) = 1916,88 /
7. Fae ia/ = 1916,88 – 684,7 = 1232,18 /
8. Iia ia/ = 3,15 o 1232,18o 1,1 = 4271,9
23. ?an/ao yeiiiie/aneiai yooaeoa
1 aa?eaio
1. I?yiay ca?aaioiay ieaoa ?aai/eo, ?
Li? = Lo o fa o N
Lo – /aniaay oa?eoiay noaaea ?aai/aai niioaaonoaothuaai
?ac?yaea,?
fia/ – ii?ia a?aiaie ia ia/aoaiea aaeeieoeu ecia?aiey
i?iaeoeoeee,/
fi? – ii?ia a?aiaie ia iaeio i?ei?aaeo,/
N – iauai i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee a iaoo?aeueiii au?aaea-
iee a aaeeieoeao ecia?aiey i?iaeoeoeee
Li? ia/ = 580 o 0,33 o 4175,4 = 799171,56?
Li? i? = 580 o 3,56 o 209 = 431543,20 ?
Li? = Li? ia/ + Li? i?
Li? = 799171,56+ 431543,2 = 1230714,7 ?
2. Aeiiieieoaeueiay ca?aaioiay ieaoa,?
Laeii = 0,6 o Li?
Laeii = 0,6 o 1230714,7 = 738428,85?
3. Io/eneaiey ia nioeno?ao,?
Lno? = 0,39(Li? + Laeii)
Lno? = 0,39 o(1230714,4 +738428,8) = 767965,98?
4. Cao?aou ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo ?aai/eo,?
Sl = Li? + Laeii
Sl = 1230714,4 + 738428,8 = 1969143,5 ?
5. Cao?aou ia iniiaiua iaoa?eaeu, ?
Si = qi o N o Oei
E?anea /a?iay oeiia?aoneay
qi – ii?ia ?anoiaea iaoa?eaea ia aaeeieoeo i?iaeoeoeee
Oei – oeaia ca aaeeieoeo ecia?aiey iaoa?eaea,?
Si = 0,16 o 4175,45o 4190 = 2799221,6?
6. Cao?aou ia aii?oecaoeeth iai?oaeiaaiey,?
Sa = _ Ei o r
100
Ei = Oei o Ea – cao?aou ia i?eia?aoaiea iai?oaeiaaiey,?
Oei – oeaia iai?oaeiaaiey,?
Ea – eiyooeoeeaio aeiiieieoaeueiuo cao?ao ia iai?oaeiaaiea
r = 9,1%
Sa = _ 138000000o 9,1 . = 12558000 ?
100
7. Cao?aou ia yeaeo?iyia?aeth,?
Sy = E o n o Fae o Oey
E – iiuiinoue onoaiiaeaiiuo oieii?eaiieeia, eAo
n – eiyooeoeeaio iioa?ue iiuiinoe oieii?eaiieeia (0,73)
Oey – oeaia iaeiiai eAo-/,? (62 ?)
Sy = 22 o 0,73 o 1916,88 o 62 = 1908675,7 ?
8. Cao?aou ia oaeouee ?aiiio,?
S? = Eo.?. o Oo.?. o Lo.?.
Eo.?. – eiyooeoeeaio iaeeaaeiuo ?anoiaeia ia oaeouee ?a-
iiio iai?oaeiaaiey (2,3)
Oo.?. – o?oaeiaieinoue oaeouaai ?aiiioa aaeeieoeu iai?oaei-
aaiey,i-/
Lo.?. – /aniaay oa?eoiay noaaea ?aiiioiiai ?aai/aai
/aoaa?oiai ?ac?yaea,?
S? = 2,3 o 300 o 250 = 172500 ?
9. Cao?aou ia niaea?aeaiea e yenieoaoaoeeth iai?oaeiaaiey,?
Sia = (Sp + Sy + Sa) o 2 o w?
Sia = (172500+12558000+1908675,7 ) o2o1=29278351 ?
10. Iauai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu,?
Sii = 0,6 o Li?
Sii = 0,6 o 1230714,7 = 738428,85?
11. Iauaoicyenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu,?
Sio = 0,2(Si+Sl+Lno?+Sia+Sii)
Sio=(2799221,6+1969143,5+767965,98+29278351+738428,85)o0,2=
= 35553110 o 0,2 = 711062,1 ?
12. Aiai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu,?
Sa=0,02o(Si+Sl+Lno?+Sia+Sii+Sio)
Sa=(7110622,1+35553110)o0,02= 853274,64 ?
13. Iieiay naaanoieiinoue ecaioiaeaiey iauaia ?aaio,?
S=Si+Sl+Lno?+Sia+Sii+Sio+Sa
S = 43517006 ?
14. Naaanoieiinoue ecaioiaeaiey o/aoiie aaeeieoeu i?iaeoe-
oeee,?
Se = S/Na
Se = _ 435170060 . = 10422,111?
4175,45
15. I?eaaaeaiiua cao?aou,?
N = Se + Ai o Ee
Ai – ii?iaoeaiue eiyooeoeeaio yooaeoeaiinoe eaieoaeueiuo
aeiaeaiee, ?aaiue 0,15
Ee – oiiaeiaieinoue i?iaeoeoeee,?/o/.aae.
Ee = Ei/Na
Ee = 138000000/4175,9= 33053,89 ?/o/.aae.
N = 10422,1 + 0,15 o 33053,89=15380,195 ?
2 aa?eaio
1. Li? ia/ = 0,3201o580o4271,9=793112,41 ?
Li? i? = 580 o 3,56 o 212 = 437737,6 ?
Li? = 793112,41+ 437737,6 = 1230850 ?
2. Laeii = 0,6 o 1230850 = 738510 ?
3. Lno? = 0,39(1230850 + 738510 ) = 768050,4 ?
4. Sl = 1230850 + 738510 = 1969360 ?
5. Si = 0,16 o 4271,9 o 4190 = 2863881,7 ?
6. Sa = 12558000 ?
7. Sy = 1908675,7 ?
8. S? = 172500 ?
9. Sia =29278351 ?
10. Sii = 0,6 o L i? = 0,6 o 1230850 = 738510 ?
11. Sio = 0,2o(2863881,7+1969360+768050,4+29278351+
+738510) = 7123630,6 ?
12. Sa = 854835,67 ?
13. S = 43596619 ?
14. Se = 515636000/4271,9 = 10205,44 ?
15. N = 10205,44+0,15o32304,127 = 15051,059 ?
4 2. 0 2?ann/eoaai 0 2aiaeiaie yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo
1. Yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo,?
Ya = (Na – Ni) o Ni
Na,Ni – i?eaaaeaiiua cao?aou ii aaciaiio (a) e iiaiio (i)
aa?eaioai,?
Ya = (15380,2 – 15051,059) o 4271,9 = 1406057,4 ?
2. Yeiiiiey io nieaeaiey cao?ao ia i?iecaiaenoai,?
Y = (Sea – Sei) o N
Sea = 10422,119 ?
Sei = 10205,44 ?
Y = (10422,119 – 10205,44) o 4271,9 = 925631,02 ?
3. Nieaeaiea naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee,%
Se = _ Sea-Sei . o 100
Sea
Se = _ 10422,119-10205,44 . o 100 = 2,07%
10422,119
4. Oiiaeiioaea/a, o/.aae/?
Oi = N/Ei
Oi = _ 4271,9 . = 0,0000309557 o/.aae/?
138000000
5. Oiiaeiaieinoue i?iaeoeoeee,?/o/.aae.
Ee = Ei/N
Ee = 32304,127 ?/o/.aae.
6. Nuai i?iaeoeoeee n eaaae?aoiiai iao?a i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
ieiuaaee, o/.aae./i ea
Ns = N/Si?
Si? – i?iecaiaenoaaiiay ieiuaaeue, ea.i
Si? = l o w o Ks o wn
l = 6,75 i
w = 3,45 i
Es = 3
wn = 10
Si? = 6,75 o 3,45 o 3 o 10 = 698,625 ea.i
Ns = _ 4271,9 . = 6,11 o/.aae/ea.i
698,62
7. Oaoiieiae/aneay o?oaeiaieinoue ecaioiaeaiey i?iaeoeoeee ia
iaoeiiuo iia?aoeeyo,/-/
ti? i = (F?aae – f?)wp o ?a?
?a? – /eneaiiinoue a?eaaaeu ia iaoeia,/ae.
?a? = 2
ti? i = (2095 – 68,8) o 2 = 4052,4 /-/
8. Oaoiieiae/aneay o?oaeiaieinoue ecaioiaeaiey o/.aaeeieoeu
i?iaeoeoeee, /-//o/.aae.
te = ti? i/N
te = _ 4052,4 . = 0,948 /-/
4271,9
9. *aniaay i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea ia iia?aoeeyo,o/.aae//-/
q/ = N/ti? i
q/ = _ 4271,9 . = 1,054 o/.aae//-/
4052,4
10. Eiee/anoai ?aai/eo,iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey auiieiaiey aiaeiaie
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu ia iaoeiiuo iia?aoeeyo, /ae.
?ni = _ Fi? o w? o ? a?
F?
Fi? = F?aae – f? = 2095 – 68,8 = 2026,2 /
F? = Fi – Fioi – Fiaya = 2095-24-57 = 2014 /
?ni = _ 2026,2 o 10 o 2 . = 20,12 /ae
2014
Oaaeeoea 3
5. 0 N?aaieoaeueiay oaaeeoea oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneeo iieacaoaeae
________________________________________________________________
NN Iaeiaiiaaiea Aae. A a ? e a i o u Ioeeiiaiea
i/i iieacaoaeae eci. Aaciaue iiaue
oaaee/aiea(+)
oiaiueoaiea(-)
1 2 3 4 5
6
1. A?aiy ecaioiaeaiey / 9,2 9,06
– 0,14
iaeiiai oe?aaea
2. N?aaeiaaiaeiaie i?in- / 68,8 68,8
oie iai?-ey ia ?a-
iiioao
3. I?inoie iai?oaei- / 21,32 21,32
aaiey ia oaoiiei-
ae/aneeo inoaiiaeao
4. Aiaeiaia eiee/anoai 209 212
+ 3
i?ei?aaie
5. Aiaeiaia a?aiy / 676,4 684,7
+ 8,3
i?inoiy iaeiie aae.
iai?-ey ia i?ei?aaeao
6. Yooaeoeaiue oiiae a?. / 1916,88 1916,88
?aaiou ia/.iaoeiu
7. Yooaeoeaiue oiiae a?. / 1240,48 1232,18
– 8,3
?aaiou iai?oaeiaaiey
8. Aiaeiaay i?iecaiaee- 4175,45 4271,9
+ 96,45
oaeueiinoue ia/. ia-
oeiu a aae.ecia?aiey
i?iaeoeoeee
YEIIIIE*ANEEE YOOAEO
1. I?yiay ca?aaioiay ? 30724,3 230850 + 125,7
ieaoa ?aai/eo
2. Aeiiieieoaeueiay ca- ? 38434,58 38510 + 75,42
?aaioiay ieaoa
3. Io/eneaiey ia ? 67971,96 68050,4 + 78,44
nioeno?ao
4. Cao?aou ia ca?a- ? 969158,8 969360 + 201,2
aioioth ieaoo ?aa.
5. Cao?aou ia iniia- ? 799221,6 863881,7 + 64660,1
iua iaoa?eaeu
6. Cao?aou ia aii?oe- ? 2558000 2558000
caoeeth iai?oaeiaaiey
7. Cao?aou ia ye/yi ? 908675,7 908675,7
8. Cao?aou ia oaeouee ? 72500 72500
?aiiio
9. Cao?aou ia niaea?aea ? 9278351 9278351
iea e yenieoaoaoeeth
iai?oaeiaaiey
10. Iauai?iecaiaenoaai- ? 38434,58 38510 + 75,42
iua ?anoiaeu
11. Iauaoicyenoaaiiua ? 110627,5 123630,6 + 13003,1
?anoiaeu
12. Aiai?iecaiaenoaai- ? 53275,31 54835,67 + 1560,36
iua ?anoiaeu
13. Iieiay naaanoie- ? 3517040 3596619 + 79579
iinoue eca-iey
iauaia ?aaio
14. Naaanoieiinoue ? 0422,119 10205,44 – 216,679
eca-iey o/.aae.
i?iaeoeoeee
15.I?eaaaeaiiua cao?aou ? 5380,2 5051,059 – 329,141
A U A I Ae :
I?e oiaiueoaiee a?aiaie ia ia/aoue ia 3% oaaee/eeinue aiaei-
aia eiee/anoai i?ei?aaie ia 6,3 e aiaeiaia a?aiy i?inoiy iae-
iie aaeeieoeu iai?oaeiaaiey ia i?ei?aaeao ia 8,3 /. Yoi cia/eo,
/oi oaaee/eaaaony a?aiy ia eiiieaen iiaeaioiaeoaeueiuo iia?a-
oeee a ia/aoiii i?ioeanna aunieie ia/aoe n oiaiueoaieai a?aiaie
ia ia/aoue. Oiaiueoeeinue a?aiy ia ecaioiaeaiea iaeiiai oe?aaea,
oiaiueoeeny yooaeoeaiue oiiae a?aiaie ?aaiou iai?oaeiaaiey ia
8,3 / oaaee/eeanue aiaeiaay i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue ia/aoiie iaoe-
iu a aaeeieoeao ecia?aiey i?iaeoeoeee ia 96,45 /. Oaaee/eeenue
cao?aou ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo ?aai/ei, io/eneaiey ia nioeno?ao,
iauai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu, iauaoicyenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu,
aiai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu, ii i?e yoii nieceeanue naaanoie-
iinoue ecaioiaeaiey o/.aae. i?iaeoeoeee ia 216,679 ? e nieceeenue
i?eaaaeaiiua cao?aou ia 329,141 ?. Io nieaeaiey a?aiaie ia ia-
/aoue ia 3% yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo ninoaaee 1406057,4 ?. yeiii-
iey io nieaeaiey cao?ao ia i?iecaiaenoai – 925631,02 ?. Nieaea-
iea naaanoieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee ninoaaeei 2,07%. Cia/eo auae?aai
aoi?ie . aa?eaio oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna.
I?e oiaiueoaiee a?aiaie ia ia/aoue ia 3% iu aeinoeaee nie-
aeaiey cao?ao ia 2741328 ?. Cia/eo auae?aai _aoi?ie .aa?eaio
oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna.
C A E E TH * A I E A
A aeaiiii eo?niaii i?iaeoa auee ?anniio?aiu 2 aa?eaioa
oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna. I?e yoii auei iieacaii eae ca
n/ao oiaiueoaiey ii?iu a?aiaie ia ia/aoue ia 3% aue aeinoeaioo
cia/eoaeueiue yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo 2741328 ?.
Eo?niaie i?iaeo aeaao i?aaenoaaeaiea i aeenoeeieeia “I?aa-
iecaoeey iieea?aoe/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa”. ?anniio?aiu oaeea
aii?inu, eae iia?aoeaiia oi?aaeaiea i?iecaiaenoaii, aeeniao/e-
?iaaiea, oaoiieiae/aneee eiio?ieue, i?aaiecaoeey oaoiieiae/an-
eie iiaeaioiaee i?iecaiaenoaa, ieaie?iaea oeaoa.
Eo?niaie i?iaeo aeaao i?anoaaeaiea i aeaiiii i?iecaiaen-
oaaiiii o/anoea – ia/aoiii oeaoa.
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