Ainoaea?noaaiiay aeaaeaiey noa?u auoa e oneoa
Oieueyooeineee oaoiieiae/aneee einoeooo na?aena
Eaoaae?a “Yeiiiieea e oi?aaeaiea”
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA
ii i?aaeiaoo “Yeiiiieea i?aaei?eyoey”
ia oaio: “Iieaoa o?oaea ?aaioieeia. Nia?aiaiiay i?aeoeea iieaou o?oaea
?aaioieeia ia i?aaei?eyoeyo”
Iiaeaioiaee: nooaeaio a?oiiu Y-1A
Ieeeoi?ia I.A.
I?iaa?eea: Ea?a A.I.
Oieueyooe 1997
Ieai-Niaea?aeaiea
Ioieo No?aieoea
Anooieaiea 2
Ca?aaioiay ieaoa eae iniiaiie iioea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe
Iniiau ieaie?iaaiey ca?aaioiie ieaou 2
Ia?aciaaiea oiiaea iieaou o?oaea iiae?acaeaeaiee AI «AACeioa?Na?aen» 3
I?aaeeiaeaiey ii oeo/oaieth 7
Anooieaiea
Ca?aaioiay ieaoa eae iniiaiie iioea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe
Neiaeeaoayny ca aeieaea aiaeu nenoaia oi?aaeaiey yeiiiieeie i?eaaea e
aicieeiiaaieth oaiiiaia io/oaeaeaiey o?oaeyueony io n?aaenoa
i?iecaiaenoaa. Au?aaeaaony yoi a oii, /oi aeioiaeu o?oaeiauo eieeaeoeaia
e ioaeaeueiuo ?aaioieeia i?aeoe/anee ia caaenaee e ia caaenyo io
yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey ?ano?nia. A neeo yoiai o?oaeyueany
ioiinyony e iei ia ii-oicyenee. A yoeo oneiaeyo eae ieeiaaea ino?i noieo
aii?in, ia eioi?ue yeiiiie/aneay iaoea e i?aeoeea ia aeaee aei neo ii?
ioaaoa: eaeei ia?acii caeioa?aniaaoue ethaeae, iiaoaeeoue eo ?aaioaoue
yooaeoeaii, yeiiiieoue aeeaie e iaauanoaeaiiue o?oae, naiaa?aiaiii e
ea/anoaaiii auiieiyoue naie caaea/e.
Iniiau ieaie?iaaiey ca?aaioiie ieaou
Ca?aaioiay ieaoa – niaieoiiinoue aiciaa?aaeaeaiee a aeaiaaeiie eee (e)
iaoo?aeueiie oi?ia, iieo/aiiuo ?aaioieeaie ca oaeoe/anee auiieiaiioth
?aaioo, a oaeaea ca ia?eiaeu, aeeth/aaiua a ?aai/aa a?aiy. Iineieueeo
enoi/ieeii auieaou ca?aaioiie ieaou yaeyaony iaoeeiiaeueiue aeioiae, oi
aaee/eia oiiaea ca?aaioiie ieaou o?oaeiaiai eieeaeoeaa, eaaeaeiai
?aaioieea aeieaeia auoue iinoaaeaia a i?yioth caaeneiinoue io
aeinoeaioouo eiia/iuo ?acoeueoaoia. Ieaie?iaaiea ca?aaioiie ieaou
aeieaeii iaania/eoue:
?ino iauaia i?iecaiaeeiie i?iaeoeoeee (oneoa, ?aaio), iiauoaiea
yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa e aai eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe;
iiauoaiea iaoa?eaeueiiai aeaaininoiyiey o?oaeyueony.
Ieaie?iaaiea oiiaea ca?aaioiie ieaou aeeth/aao ?an/ao noiiu oiiaea e
n?aaeiae ca?aaioiie ieaou eae anao ?aaioieeia i?aaei?eyoey, oae e ii
eaoaai?eyi ?aaioathueo.
Enoiaeiua aeaiiua aeey ieaie?iaaiey oiiaea ca?aaioiie ieaou:
i?iecaiaenoaaiiay i?ia?aiia a iaoo?aeueiii e noieiinoiii au?aaeaiee e aa
o?oaeiaieinoue;
ninoaa e o?iaaiue eaaeeoeeaoeee ?aaioieeia, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey auiieiaiey
i?ia?aiiu;
aeaenoaothuay oa?eoiay nenoaia;
i?eiaiyaiua oi?iu e nenoaiu iieaou o?oaea;
ii?iu e ciiu ianeoaeeaaiey, a oaeaea caeiiiaeaoaeueiua aeou ii o?oaeo,
?aaoee?othuea ca?aaioioth ieaoo (?iae auieao e aeiieao, o/eouaaaiuo i?e
iieaoa o?oaea).
A ninoaa oiiaea aeeth/aaony iniiaiay e aeiiieieoaeueiay ca?aaioiay
ieaoa. E iniiaiie ioiineony iieaoa o?oaea ca auiieiaiiua ?aaiou. Iia
aeeth/aao naeaeueioth ca?aaioioth ieaoo, oa?eoiue oiiae ca?aaioiie
ieaou, i?aiee.
E aeiiieieoaeueiie ca?aaioiie ieaoa ioiinyony oaeea auieaou ?aaioieeai
i?aaei?eyoee, eioi?ua i?iecaiaeyony ia ca auiieiaiioth ?aaioo, a a
niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii (aeiieaou ca ?aaioo a
ii/iia a?aiy, a?eaaaee?ai, ca nie?auaiiue ?aai/ee aeaiue iiae?inoeai e
ei?iyuei iaoa?yi, iieaoa i/a?aaeiuo e aeiiieieoaeueiuo ioioneia,
auiieiaiea ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaycaiiinoae, iieaoo ca iao/aiea o/aieeia).
A ieaiiaue oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou ia aeeth/athony aeiieaou ca ioeeiiaiey
io ii?iaeueiuo oneiaee o?oaea (ieaoa ca naa?oo?i/iua ?aaiou, i?inoie,
a?ae e o.i.).
A aeaenoaothuae i?aeoeea eniieuecothony ?aciiia?aciua iaoiaeu
oi?ie?iaaiey oiiaea iieaou o?oaea eae a oeaeii ii i?aaei?eyoeth, oae e
ii no?oeoo?iui iiae?acaeaeaieyi. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi iaeeo/oei
ia?acii yoo caaea/o iiaeao ?aoaoue ii?iaoeaiue iaoiae oi?ie?iaaiey
oiiaea iieaou o?oaea. Eiaiii aeaiiue iaoiae eniieuecoao aieueoeinoai
eiiiaiee a no?aiao n ?acaeoie ?uii/iie yeiiiieeie. Iaeiaei ii iiaeao
auoue aeaenoaaiiui eeoue i?e iaee/ee neaaeothueo oneiaee: ai-ia?auo,
ii?iaoeau aeieaeiu auoue noaaeeueiua, aeieaia?aiaiiua, eciaiyoueny eeoue
a neo/aa aeeyiey ia iauai i?iecaiaenoaa oaeoi?ia, ia naycaiiuo n
o?oaeiauie oneiaeyie eieeaeoeaa. Ai-aoi?uo, ii?iaoeau oi?ie?iaaiey
oiiaea iieaou o?oaea aeieaeiu auoue ia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua, a a?oiiiaua.
Iaoaieci ?aaoee?iaaiey ?anoiaeia ia iieaoo niaea?aeeo neaaeothuea
yeaiaiou:
ii?yaeie ii?aaeaeaiey ii?ie?oaiie aaee/eiu ?anoiaeia ia iieaoo o?oaea,
aeeth/aaiuo a naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee;
ii?yaeie iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey ?anoiaeia ia iieaoo o?oaea, i?aauoathueo
ii?iaoeaioth aaee/eio.
A no?aiao n ?acaeoie ?uii/iie yeiiiieeie a ea/anoaa aaaeiaeoaai
n?aaenoaa aeinoeaeaiey ?aaiiaaney a iaeanoe caiyoinoe e iiauoaiey
yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa iiiaea niaoeeaeenou
?aeiiaiaeotho ia?aoiaeeoue e aeaeie ca?aaioiie ieaoa. Ia o?iaia
ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa iiae yoei iiieiaaony eciaiaiea ca?aaioiie ieaou a
caaeneiinoe io aeeiaieee yeiiiie/aneeo iieacaoaeae ?acaeoey no?aiu a
oeaeii (aaeiaiai iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?iaeoeoa, i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea,
eioeyoeee, aiaoiaoi?aiaiai aaeaina), a ia o?iaia i?aaei?eyoey – oaycea
ca?aaioiie ieaou n eoiaaie aai oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe,
yooaeoeaiinoueth i?iecaiaenoaa, /oi aanueia yooaeoeaii ?aaeecoaony /a?ac
eieeaeoeaiue aeiaiai?.
A iai iaiaoiaeeii /aoei noi?ioee?iaaoue i?eioeeiu, ii?yaeie iieaou
o?oaea anao eaoaai?ee ?aaioathueo, onoaiiaeoue i?yioth caaeneiinoue
?acia?a iieaou o?oaea io aeinoeaioouo eiia/iuo ?acoeueoaoia.
Oi?iu e nenoaiu iieaou o?oaea
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey aunieeo eiia/iuo ?acoeueoaoia iieaoo o?oaea
?oeiaiaeeoaeae, niaoeeaeenoia, ?aai/eo a oneiaeyo ?uii/iie yeiiiieee
oeaeaniia?acii no?ieoue ia neaaeothueo i?eioeeiao.
Ai-ia?auo, iniiaiui e?eoa?eai aeeooa?aioeeaoeee ca?aaioiie ieaou ii
i?aaei?eyoeyi, ?aaioieeai aeieaeai auoue eiia/iue ?acoeueoao eo o?oaea.
Iiauoaiea ca?aaioiie ieaou neaaeoao i?iecaiaeeoue eeoue a ia?o ?inoa
eiia/iuo ?acoeueoaoia o?oaea eieeaeoeaa.
Ai-aoi?uo, iaiaoiaeeii iaania/eaaoue iia?aaeathuee ?ino
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea ii n?aaiaieth n ?inoii ca?aaioiie ieaou, oae
eae yoi yaeyaony iai?aiaiiui oneiaeai ii?iaeueiiai ?acaeoey
i?iecaiaenoaa, i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo nee. Iaiiiiei, /oi iaeiie ec aeaaiuo
caaea/ yeiiiie/aneiai ?aaoee?iaaiey a ssiiiee yaeyaony eiio?ieue ca
eiaeaenii noieiinoe ?aai/ae neeu.
A-o?aoueeo, oeaeaniia?acii ni/aoaoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueioth e eieeaeoeaioth
caeioa?aniaaiiinoue e ioaaonoaaiiinoue a ?acoeueoaoao o?oaea.
A-/aoaa?ouo, iaoaieci iieaou o?oaea aeieaeai noeioee?iaaoue iiauoaiea
eaaeeoeeaoeee ?aaioieeia, o/eouaaoue oneiaey o?oaea.
A-iyouo, nenoaiu iieaou o?oaea aeieaeiu auoue i?inouie, iiiyoiuie
anai ?aaioieeai.
I?e auai?a nenoaiu iieaou o?oaea oeaeaniia?acii o/eouaaoue oi?io
nianoaaiiinoe, aaee/eio i?aaei?eyoey, aai no?oeoo?o, oa?aeoa?
i?iecaiaeeiie i?iaeoeoeee (oneoa), a oaeaea iniaaiiinoe aeiieie?othueo a
eieeaeoeaa oeaiiinoae e oeaeae. I?e yoii iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeaea anaai
eiaoue a aeaeo ooieoeeiiaeueiua iaycaiiinoe ?oeiaiaeeoaeae. Eo aeaaiay
caaea/a caeeth/aaony a oii, /oiau iaania/eoue iaoeeiiiue ?ino iauaia
i?iecaiaenoaa (oneoa) aunieiea/anoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeeae i?e ieieiaeueiuo
cao?aoao ?ano?nia ia iniiaa onei?aiey iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna,
eniieueciaaiey ia?aaeiaiai iiuoa. A oeaio?a aieiaiey ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
aeieaeiu auoue aii?inu nioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey eieeaeoeaa, oneiaey o?oaea
e auoa ?aaioieeia.
E?iia oiai, ?aoay aii?inu iieaou o?oaea, ioaeii eiaoue a aeaeo
neaaeothuea /aou?a oaeoi?a:
oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea i?aaei?eyoey;
o?iaaiue noieiinoe aeecie;
o?iaaiue ca?aaioiie ieaou, eioi?oth auiea/eaatho eiieo?aiou ca oaeoth
aea ?aaioo;
?aiee ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey a yoie iaeanoe.
A i?aeoeea eniieuecothony aeaa oi?iu iieaou o?oaea – naeaeueiay e
iia?aiaiiay, a oaeaea iiiaeanoai nenoai. Ia?aay iniiaaia ia ii?aaeaeaiee
naeaeueiuo ?anoeaiie n o/aoii ?ac?yaea auiieiyaiie ?aaiou e oa?eoiie
noaaee ia?aiai ?ac?yaea. Naeaeueiay ca?aaioiay ieaoa ?aai/eo iniiaaia ia
iieaoa o?oaea a i?yiie caaeneiinoe io aai ?acoeueoaoia, au?aaeaiiuo a
i?iecaaaeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, eee auiieiaiiuo iia?aoeee.
I?e iia?aiaiiie oi?ia iieaou o?oaea ca?aaioie caaeneo io ?ac?yaea
?aai/aai e eiee/anoaa io?aaioaiiuo /ania. I?eiaiaiea iia?aiaiiie iieaou
o?oaea iiaeao noeioee?iaaoue aunieiyooaeoeaiue o?oae oieueei i?e iaee/ee
ii?ie?oaiuo caaeaiee, o.a. iia?aiaiiay ca?aaioiay ieaoa aeieaeia
auiea/eaaoueny i?e oneiaee auiieiaiey onoaiiaeaiiiai iauaia ?aaio eee
auionea ii?aaeaeaiiiai eiee/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee n aunieei ea/anoaii.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy /enoi naeaeueiay e iia?aiaiiay iieaoa o?oaea
eniieuecoaony e?aeia ?aaeei. Nouanoaothuea iaoiaeu iieaou o?oaea
iniiaaiu ia eniieueciaaiee ?aciuo nenoai i?aie?iaaiey. I?e yoii
iieacaoaeyie i?aie?iaaiey, eae i?aaeei, yaeythony aeinoeaeaiey eee
ia?aauiieiaiea aeiaaiie ii?iu au?aaioee, ianeoaeeaaiey, niaiauaiea
?acee/iuo aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe, o?iaaiue eaaeeoeeaoeee, a oaeaea
oneiaey o?oaea.
Nenoaiu iieaou o?oaea aeieaeiu auoue a iinoiyiiii ?acaeoee.
Aaeieieno?aoeee i?aaei?eyoey niaianoii n i?ionithciie i?aaiecaoeeae
oeaeaniia?acii nenoaiaoe/anee ioeaieaaoue yooaeoeaiinoue n?aaenoa ia
iieaoo o?oaea.
Iieaoa o?oaea ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
A oneiaeyo ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee ioaeaeueiua i?aaei?eyoey i?enooieee e
aiaae?aieth iiauo nenoai iieaou o?oaea ?oeiaiaeeoaeae.
Oae, ia ?yaea i?aaei?eyoee no?ieoaeueiiai eiiieaena, naeueneiai
oicyenoaa, aaoio?ainii?oa ca?aaioiay ieaoa ?oeiaiaeeoaeae iaoiaeeony a
i?yiie caaeneiinoe io aa n?aaeiaai o?iaiy o ?aaioieeia i?aaei?eyoee.
A oneiaeyo ?inoa oeai ia i?aaei?eyoeyo naeueneiai oicyenoaa e
no?ieoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia oeaeaniia?acii oe?a eniieueciaaoue iaoo?aeueiua
iieacaoaee a i?aie?iaaiee. Oae, ia iaeioi?uo i?aaei?eyoeyo ii
i?iecaiaenoao no?ieiaoa?eaeia ca?aaioiay ieaoa ?oeiaiaeeoaeae n
ia?aoiaeii e ?uieo iinoaaeaia a i?yioth caaeneiinoue io i?e?inoa iauaia
i?iaeoeoeee a iaoo?aeueiii au?aaeaiee, aa ea/anoaa e iinoaaie ii
aeiaiai?ai, /oi iacaiaaeeeoaeueii neacaeinue ia eo aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ia iaeioi?uo caaiaeao ca?aaioiay ieaoa ?oeiaiaeeoaeae iaoiaeeony a
i?yiie caaeneiinoe io o?iaiy iaoa?eaeueiiai aeaaininoiyiey ?oeiaiaeeiuo
eie eieeaeoeaia. Ca?aaioiay ieaoa aaia?aeueiiai aee?aeoi?a aic?anoaao ia
5 i?ioeaioia ca eaaeaeue i?ioeaio iiauoaiey iieaou o?oaea anao
?aaioathueo, a i?e iiieaeaiee – nieaeaaony. O aee?aeoi?ia eiiieaenia yoi
aea niioiioaiea. Ia o?iaia iiaeeiiieaenia niioiioaiea ?aaii 3:1, a ia
o?iaia i?iecaiaeeoaeueiiai oeeeea – 1,5:1.Ia ioaeaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo
ioeacaeenue io aa?aioe?iaaiiiai aiciaa?aaeaeaiey naiae aeayoaeueiinoe.
Aunoea ?oeiaiaeeoaee iiea/eaathony ii aeiea a aeioiaea, nicaeaaaaiii
o?oaeiaui eieeaeoeaii iiae eo ?oeiaiaenoaii.
A no?aiao n ?acaeoie ?uii/iie yeiiiieeie aiciaa?aaeaeaiea aunoeo
oi?aaeythueo aeeth/aao oae iacuaaaiua iaeaou aiciaa?aaeaeaiee, eioi?ua
ninoiyo, eae i?aaeei, ec ieeaaeia, i?aiee, aiionia, nenoaiu o/anoey a
i?eaueyo, aeoeeiia?iii eaieoaea, a oaeaea anaaiciiaeiua eueaiou e
i?eaeeaaee, iiae/a?eeaathuea aunieee noaoon neoaeaueo yoiai caaia
oi?aaeaiey.
A i?iiuoeaiiinoe NOA oi?aaeythuea ieciaiai caaia (oae iacuaaaiua
?anii?yaeeoaee ?aaio -ianoa?a, ia/aeueieee a?oii e o.ae.) a n?aaeiai
eiatho aiaeiaie aeioiae a 1,5 ?aca auoa, /ai i?iiuoeaiiua ?aai/ea, oioy
iaeeea aaeieieno?aoi?u iiaoo iieo/aoue oaeia aea aiciaa?aaeaeaiea, eae
?aai/ee n?aaeiae eaaeeoeeaoeee.
Aeioiae oi?aaeythueo n?aaeiaai caaia, eae i?aaeei, ii/oe a 2,5 ?aca
auoa, /ai ?aai/eo, e yoio ?ac?ua ca iineaaeiea aiaeu oaaee/eaaaony
/anoe/ii ec-ca oiai, /oi oe?iu ono?aeaatho ianoiyuoth “ioioo” ca
eiiiaoaioiuie e ia?niaeoeaiuie ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie e niaoeeaeenoaie,
i?eaeaeay eo iiauoaiiuie ieeaaeaie. Aunoea oi?aaeythuea iau/ii iieo/atho
eiiiainaoeeth ca naie o?oaea a 3-5 a eiiaaea e ai iiiaea aeanyoee ?ac
aieaa aunieoth, /ai ?yaeiaua eeoea iaaiiiai o?oaea a i?iecaiaenoaa e
oi?aaeaiee.
Iaoa?eaeueiia noeioee?iaaiea ?oeiaiaeeoaeae naycuaaaony a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue n iieacaoaeyie iaeneiecaoeee i?eaueae -aieaa i?ei?eoaoiui, /ai
aaeiaie iauai ?aaeecaoeee. Yoio iieacaoaeue* eae n/eoaaony aei neo ii?,
io?aaeaao eiia/iue ?acoeueoao oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
?oeiaiaeeoaeae, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ui i?aaiecoaony eo i?aie?iaaiea.
Ia i?aiee i?eoiaeeony aeiaieueii nouanoaaiiay /anoue aeioiaeia: o
aeaaiuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae e i?aaenaaeaoaeae niaaoa aee?aeoi?ia 25-35 %* o
aaia?aeueiiai oi?aaeythuaai ioaeaeaiey n iai?ioii ieiei 500 iei.aeiee. ”
20-25%, o oi?aaeythuaai ioaeaeaieai n iai?ioii 150 iei.aeiee. – 15 %, o
?oeiaiaeeoaey ioaeaea aaia?aeueiie aee?aeoeee – 10-15 %: o oi?aaeythuaai
caaiaeii, ?aaeiiaeueiie nauoiaie eiioi?ie, ?aaeci?a – 7,5 %. Aianoa n
ieeaaeaie iie ninoaaeytho aeiaieueii nieeaeiua noiiu.
I?aiee oi?aaeythuei iiaoo auiea/eaaoueny eae iaee/iuie, oae e a aeoeeyo
eiiiaiee, a /aua anaai a niaoaiiie oi?ia a ?acee/iie i?iii?oeee.
Aieueoay /anoue aeioiaeia iaiaaeaea?ia aunoaai caaia ?aaeecoaony a oi?ia
e?oiiuo iaeaoia aeoeee naiae eiiiaiee. *anoi aeoeee, aoiaeyuea a
i?aieth, auaeathony ia n?aco. Yoi aeaeaaony aeey oiai, /oiau
“i?eaycaoue” oi?aaeythuaai e oe?ia, iineieueeo a neo/aa ooiaea ec iaa ii
oa?yao i?aai ia iieo/aiea inoaaoaeny iaauiea/aiiie i?aiee.
Ia ioaeaeueiuo oe?iao, a i?aaiecaoeeyo, niiniaiuo e naiiiaiiaeaieth,
aiciaa?aaeaeaiey eniieuecothony aeey iiiu?aiey iiaaoeee. E eo /eneo ana
/aua ioiinyony iaeaou aeoeee iiae oniaoioth aoaeouoth aeayoaeueiinoue
eee eaeea-oi ia?u, iaania/eaathuea iieo/aiea ii?aaeaeaiiiai i?ioeaioa
aeioiaea n iiaie i?iaeoeoeee eee iiaiai aeaea aeciana.
Iaeiaei ii iiaieth ioaeaeueiuo niaoeeaeenoia ii oi?aaeaieth, i?e ioeaiea
?aaiou iaiaaeaea?ia iaaeinoaoi/ii o/eouaaoue eoiae oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe. Oae, iai?eia?, Oieoa? ?enoii n/eoaao, /oi auei au aaaeii
ioeaieoue, ianeieueei eeth/aaua iaiaaeaea?u niiniaiu oi?aaeyoue
ethaeueie. Iiyoiio /anoue ioeaiee oi?aaeythueo iniiauaaaony ia
?acoeueoaoao ii?ina eo iiae/eiaiiuo. Io yoiai caaenyo, a /anoiinoe,
?an/aou eo i?aiee.
A oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e ?uii/iui ioiioaieyi aeey ?aoaiey caaea/e
iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa, eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe auioneaaiie
i?iaeoeoeee iniiaiie oi?iie iieaou o?oaea ?oeiaiaeeoaeae, niaoeeaeenoia
aeieaeia auoue eiio?aeoiay nenoaia. Iiyoiio au?anoaao ?ieue
eieeaeoeaiiai aeiaiai?a.
Ia?aciaaiea oiiaea iieaou o?oaea iiae?acaeaeaiee AI «AACeioa?Na?aen»
Ii?yaeie ia?aciaaiey oiiaea iieaou o?oaea iiae?acaeaeaiee AI
«AACeioa?Na?aen» a ninoaaa cao?ao i?iecaiaenoaa ca auiieiaiea caaeaiee
ii iauaiai i?iecaiaenoaa, ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio,
i?aaeinoaaeaiey oneoa, ii nieaeaieth cao?ao i?iecaiaenoaa e niao cao?ao
onoaiaaeeaaaony «Iieiaeaieai ia ia?aciaaiee oiiaea iieaou o?oaea
iiae?acaeaeaiee AI «AACeioa?Na?aen».
Nenoaia iicaieyo ?aaoee?iaaoue o?iaaiue oiiaea iieaou o?oaea e
onoaiaaeeaaao iaoa?eaeueioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ?oeiaiaeeoaeae,
niaoeeaeenoia, neoaeaueo e ?aai/eo iiae?acaeaeaiee AI «AACeioa?Na?aen»
ca auiieiaiea oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iniiaiuie iieacaoaeyie aeey ia/eneaiey oiiaea iieaou o?oaea yaeythony:
ieai i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa AI;
i?eaueue ii aaeaino AI;
ieai i?iecaiaenoaa (?aaeecaoeee) oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa
iiae?acaeaeaiee;
cao?aou (niaou cao?ao) ia i?iecaiaenoai.
Iieacaoaee ?ac?aaaouaathony IYI AI e ooaa?aeaeathony caianoeoaeai
aaia?aeueiiai aee?aeoi?a ii yeiiiieea e oeiainai, iieacaoaee iiaoo
eciaiyoueny IYI AI a caaeneiinoe io i?iecaiaenoaaiiie, yeiiiie/aneie e
oeiainiaie neooaoeee AI.
Eoiae i ?acoeueoaoao oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe caaiaeia e
ooieoeeiiaeueiuo neoaea Aaia?aeueiie aee?aeoeee ?anniao?eaathony
aaeaiany/ii aei 20-ai /enea ianyoea, neaaeothuaai ca io/aoiui, ia
aaeainiaie eiiennee.
Eaaeaeia ec iiae?acaeaeaiee AI eiaao i?aai ?anoiaeiaaoue naie oiiae
iieaou ia a iieiii iauaia. Iaec?anoiaeiaaiioth noiio IOeC ?aca?ae?oao
aeey iieaou o?oaea iiae?acaeaeaieyi a iineaaeothuea ianyoeu.
I?e ia/eneaiee oiiaea iieaou o?oaea o/eouaaaony auiieiaiea iieacaoaeae
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ca ianyoe e n ia/aea aiaea. I?e
iaauiieiaiee (ia?aauiieiaiee) caaeaiiuo iieacaoaeae oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe oiiae iieaou o?oaea iiae?acaeaeaiey oiaiueoaaony
(oaaee/eaaaony) ca eaaeaeue iaauiieiaiiue (ia?aauiieiaiiue) iieacaoaeue.
Niioiioaiea iinoiyiiie /anoe e ia?aiaiiie ninoaaeyao a n?aaeiai 30% :
70%.
Oi?ie?iaaiea e auieaou ec oiiaea iieaou o?oaea i?iecaiaeyony aaeaiany/ii
ca io/aoiue ianyoe, ii eoiaai auiieiaiey iauaia oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee ca
io/aoiue ianyoe e iieacaoaeae oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
iiae?acaeaeaiee AI ca ianyoe, i?aaeoanoaothuee io/aoiiio.
I?e ia?aoiaea ia yoo nenoaio ca ia?aue ianyoe iieacaoaee oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe ia o/eouaathony.
Auieaou ec oiiaea iieaou o?oaea eaaeaeiai iiae?acaeaeaiey
?aaeaiaioe?othony ioaeaeueiui iieiaeaieai.
NO?OEOO?A CA?AAIOIIE IEAOU
A iniiao ia?aciaaiey oiiaea iieaou o?oaea (OIO) caeiaeaiu:
– naeaeueii-i?aieaeueiay;
– iia?aiaiii-i?aieaeueiay;
– eiio?aeoiay;
Oiiae iieaou o?oaea AI neaaaaony ec aeaoo iniiaiuo /anoae:
– Oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou (OCI) AI;
– oiiae iaoa?eaeueiiai iiiu?aiey (OII) AI;
Oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou – iinoiyiiay /anoue ninoaaeyao 20%-40%io oiiaea
iieaou o?oaea (aac eiio?aeoaioia).
Oiiae iaoa?eaeueiiai iiiu?aiey – ia?aiaiiay /anoue ninoaaeyao 60% – 80%
io oiiaea iieaou o?oaea (aac eiio?aeoaioia).
A ninoaa oiiaea ca?aaioiie ieaou aeeth/athony ia/eneaiea noiiu iieaou
o?oaea a aeaiaaeiie e iaoo?aeueiie oi?iao ca io?aaioaiiia e
iaio?aaioaiiia a?aiy ii oa?eoo (ieeaaeo), noeioee?othuea aeiieaou e
iaaeaaaee, eiiiainaoeeiiiua auieaou, naycaiiua n ?aaeeiii e oneiaeyie
o?oaea.
A ninoaa oiiaea iaoa?eaeueiiai iiiu?aiey AI aeeth/athony ia/eneaiiua
aaeaiany/iua i?aiee ca auiieiaiea iieacaoaeae oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, aaeeiia?aiaiiua iiiu?eoaeueiua auieaou ec Oiiaea
iaoa?eaeueiiai iiiu?aiey iiae?acaeaeaiee AI, a oaeaea iiiu?eoaeueiua
auieaou ec oiiaea Aaia?aeueiiai aee?aeoi?a, oiiae aee?aeoi?ia
Aaoinai?i/iiai e aaoiaa?aaaoiiai caaiaeia.
Iieaoa o?oaea ii oa?eoai, ieeaaeo, noeioee?othuea aeiieaou e iaaeaaaee,
eiiiainaoeeiiiua auieaou, naycaiiua n ?aaeeiii e oneiaeyie o?oaea,
auieaou ec oiiaea iaoa?eaeueiiai iiiu?aiey ?aaeaiaioe?othony
ioaeaeueiuie iieiaeaieyie.
A Oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou aeeth/aaony:
Iieaoa ca io?aaioaiiia a?aiy:
ca?aaioiay ieaoa, ia/eneaiiay ?aaioieeai ii oa?eoiui noaaeai e ieeaaeai
ca io?aaioaiiia a?aiy;
ca?aaioiay ieaoa, ia/eneaiiay ?aaioieeai ca auiieiaiioth ?aaioo ii
naeaeueiui ?anoeaieai;
noieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee, auaeaiiie a ii?yaeea iaoo?aeueiie ieaou;
noeioee?othuea aeiieaou e iaaeaaaee e oa?eoiui noaaeai e ieeaaeai (ca
i?ioanneiiaeueiia ianoa?noai, niaiauaiea i?ioannee e aeieaeiinoae e
o.i.);
eiiiainaoeeiiiua auieaou, naycaiiua n ?aaeeiii e oneiaeyie o?oaea;
aeiieaou ca ?aaioo ai a?aaeiuo eee iianiuo oneiaeyo e ia oyaeaeuo
?aaioao;
aeiieaou ca ?aaioo a ii/iia a?aiy;
iieaoa ?aaiou a auoiaeiua e i?acaeie/iua aeie;
iieaoa naa?oo?i/iie ?aaiou;
iieaoa o?oaea eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo ?aai/eo, ?oeiaiaeeoaeae, niaoeeaeenoia,
inaiaiaeaeaiiuo io iniiaiie ?aaiou e i?eaeaeaaiuo aeey iiaeaioiaee,
ia?aiiaeaioiaee e iiauoaiey eaaeeoeeaoeee ?aaioieeia;
iieaoa oneoa ?aaioieeia aooaaeoa?ee ca auiieiaiea eie ienueiaiiuo
ii?o/aiee ?aaioieeia ii ia?a/eneaieth no?aoiauo aciinia ec ca?aaioiie
ieaou;
auieaoa ?acieoeu a ieeaaeao i?e a?aiaiiii caianoeoaeuenoaa;
iieaoa o?oaea eeoe, i?eiyouo ia ?aaioo ii niaianoeoaeuenoao;
iieaoa o?oaea ?aaioieeia ianieni/iiai ninoaaa
Iieaoa ca iaio?aaioaiiia a?aiy:
aiciaa?aaeaeaiea ii eoiaai ?aaiou ca aiae, aiaeiaua aiciaa?aaeaeaiey;
iieaoa aaeaaiaeiuo e aeiiieieoaeueiuo ioioneia (aac aeaiaaeiie
eiiiainaoeee ca iaeniieueciaaiiue ioione);
aeiiieieoaeueiua auieaou i?e i?aaeinoaaeaiee aaeaaiaeiiai io ionea
(naa?o ii?iaeueiuo ioioneiuo noii a niioaaonoaee n caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii);
iieaoa aeiiieieoaeueii i?aaeinoaaeaiiuo (naa?o i?aaeoniio?aiiuo
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii) ioioneia ?aaioieeia;
iieaoa eueaioiuo /ania iiae?inoeia;
iieaoa o/aaiuo ioioneia, i?aaeinoaaeaiiuo ?aaioieeai, iao/athueiny a
ia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo;
iieaoa ia ia?eiae iao/aiey ?aaioieeia, iai?aaeaiiuo ia
i?ioanneiiaeueioth iiaeaioiaeo, iiauoaiea eaaeeoeeaoeee eee iao/aiea
aoi?ui i?ioanneyi;
iieaoa o?oaea ?aaioieeia, i?eaeaeaaiuo e auiieiaieth ainoaea?noaaiiuo
eee iauanoaaiiuo iaycaiiinoae;
iieaoa ii ianoo iniiaiie ?aaiou o?oaea ?aaioieeia, i?eaeaeaaiuo ia
naeueneioicyenoaaiiua e ae?oaea ?aaiou;
noiiu, auiea/aiiua ca iai?i?aaioaiiia a?aiy ?aaioieeai, auioaeaeaiii
?aaioaaoei iaiieiia ?aai/aa a?aiy ii eieoeeaoeaa aaeieieno?aoeee;
iieaoa ?aaioieeai-aeiii?ai ca aeie ianeaaeiaaiey, naea/e e?iae e
ioaeuoa, i?aaeinoaaeyaiiai iinea eaaeaeiai aeiy naea/e e?iae;
iieaoa i?inoiaa ia ii aeia ?aaioieea;
iieaoa ca a?aiy auioaeaeaiiiai i?iaoea.
A oiiae iaoa?eaeueiiai iiiu?aiey aeeth/athony:
aaeaiany/iay i?aiey ca auiieiaiea iieacaoaeae oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe;
i?aiey ca ea/anoai auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee;
iieaoa ec oiiaeia Aaia?aeueiiai aee?aeoi?a, aee?aeoi?ia Aaoinai?i/iiai e
Aaoiaa?aaaoiiai caaiaeia.
Iiaeaaaeaiea eoiaia ?aaiou iiae?acaeaeaiee ii auiieiaieth iieacaoaeae
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
Aaeaiany/ii 20-ai /enea IYI iiaeaioaaeeaaao iaoa?eaeu ii auiieiaieth
iieacaoaeae oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ca io/aoiue ianyoe e aeiaiaeeo
eo aei ?oeiaiaeeoaeae iiae?acaeaeaiee.
Aaeaiany/ii 20-ai /enea iaoa?eaeu ii auiieiaieth iieacaoaeae
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ca io/aoiue ianyoe ?anniao?eaathony ia
aaeainiaie eiiennee, ia iniiaaiee eioi?uo iiaeaiaeyony eoiae ?aaiou
iiae?acaeaeaiee e ooaa?aeaeathony ?acoeueoaou auiieiaiey iieacaoaeae
iiae?acaeaeaiee AI a i?ioeaioiii ioiioaiee.
Aaeaiany/ii 1-ai /enea IOeC ii?aaeaeyao oiiae iieaou o?oaea
iiae?acaeaeaiee AI, o/eouaay ?acoeueoaou auiieiaiey iieacaoaeae ca
ianyoe, i?aaeoanoaothuee io/aoiiio, e oaeoe/aneee iauai i?iecaiaenoaa
oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa ca io/aoiue ianyoe.
Ii?yaeie ia/eneaiey oiiaea iieaou o?oaea
Ia?aiia/aeueiua aaee/eiu ii?iaoeaia ia?aciaaiey oiiaeia ia?acothony,
enoiaey ec neiaeeaoaainy ia aeaiiue iiiaio oaeoe/aneiai ?acia?a Oiiaea
iieaou o?oaea AI, aeaia?oaiaioia, iiae?acaeaeaiee.
Ii?iaoeau ii?aaeaeythony aeey neaaeothueo oiiaeia:
oiiae iieaou o?oaea AI;
oiiaeu iieaou o?oaea aeaia?oaiaioia, iiae?acaeaeaiee;
oiiae Aaia?aeueiiai aee?aeoi?a;
oiiaeu aee?aeoi?ia caaiaeia.
Oiiae iieaou o?oaea AI «AACeioa?Na?aen» oi?ie?oaony ii ii?iaoeao io
oaeoe/aneiai iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa ii
AI. Ooaa?aeaeaiiue ii?iaoea i?eeaaaaony (I?eeiaeaiea 1).
Oiiae iieaou o?oaea ii aeaia?oaiaioai e iiae?acaeaeaieyi, oiiaeu
Aaia?aeueiiai aee?aeoi?a, aee?aeoi?ia caaiaeia ia?acothony ii ii?iaoeao
io oiiaea iieaou o?oaea AI «AACeioa?Na?aen». Ooaa?aeaeaiiue ii?iaoea
i?eeaaaaony (I?eeiaeaiea 1)-
Ii?iaoeau yaeythony iinoiyiiuie aaee/eiaie e iiaoo iaiyoueny a e?aeieo
neo/ayo. Ii?iaoeau ooaa?aeaeathony Aaia?aeueiui aee?aeoi?ii.
Aaeaiany/ii aei 1-ai /enea ieaie?oaiiai ianyoea IOeC i?iecaiaeeo ?an/aou
e ieaie?oao oiiaeu iieaou o?oaea AI, aeaia?oaiaioia, iiae?acaeaeaiee,
enoiaey ec ieaiiaiai iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio,
oneoa e ii?iaoeaia. Ieaiiaua oiiaeu iieaou o?oaea neoaeao aeey
ieaie?iaaiey cao?ao ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa a naaanoieiinoe oiaa?iie
i?iaeoeoeee (I?eeiaeaiea 2).
Aaeaiany/ii 1-ai /enea IOeC ia iniiaaiee oaeoe/aneiai iauaia
i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaioa, oneoa ca io/aoiue ianyoe
(I?eeiaeaiea 2).
OIO=I*Qo
I – ii?iaoea ia?aciaaiey oiiaea iieaou o?oaea AI;
Yo – oaeoe/aneee iauai i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa
AI ca io/aoiue ianyoe.
Ia iniiaaiee aeaiiuo IYI ii ieaiiaui e oaeoe/aneei iieacaoaeyi
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ca io/aoiue ianyoe IOeC ?ann/eouaaao
i?ioeaio oaaee/aiey (oiaiueoaiey) iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?iie
i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa, i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea (au?aaioea,
i?aaeinoaaeaiea oneoa ia 1-ai /aeiaaea) ii AI «AACeioa?Na?aen»
(I?eeiaeaiea 2).
Doio/ = Oio/*100/Oie – % ii iauaiai oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa;
Diio/ = Iio/*100/Iie – % ii i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea;
Iio/ = Oio//Qio/, aaea:
Oio/ – iauai oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa ca io/aoiue ianyoe;
Oie – ieaiiaue iauai oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa;
Iio/ – i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea ca io/aoiue ianyoe;
Iie – ieaiiaay i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea;
Qio/ – /eneaiiinoue ca io/aoiue ianyoe.
OIO AI oaaee/eaaaony (oiaiueoaaony) ia 0,1 % ca eaaeaeue 1 % i?e?inoa
(nieaeaiey) iauaia oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa,
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea ca io/aoiue ianyoe e niioaaonoaothuei
ieaiiaui iieacaoaeyi, ii ia aieaa /ai ia 5 % (I?eeiaeaiea 2).
IOeC i?iecaiaeeo ?an/ao oiiaeia iieaou o?oaea AI, aeaia?oaiaioia e
iiae?acaeaeaiee AI e ooaa?aeaeaao o cai. aaia?aeueiiai aee?aeoi?a ii
yeiiiieea e oeiainai (I?eeiaeaiey 2 e 3).
Ia iniiaaiee io/aoa i auiieiaiee iieacaoaeae oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe aeaia?oaiaioaie e iiae?acaeaeaieyie (I?eeiaeaiea 4) ca
ianyoe, i?aaeoanoaothuee io/aoiiio, oiiae iieaou o?oaea ei??aeoe?oaony,
nieaeay (oaaee/eaay) oiiae iieaou o?oaea iiae?acaeaeaiee AI ca io/aoiue
ianyoe niaeanii oaaeeoeu (I?eeiaeaiea 5), e ii?aaeaeyaony oiiae
iaoa?eaeueiiai iiiu?aiey.
OIO iiae?acaeaeaiee AI ca auiieiaiea iieacaoaeae ca ianyoe e n ia/aea
aiaea ia iiaeao auoue nieaeai (oaaee/ai) aieaa /ai ia 10%.
Caeeth/aiea
Aeey aieaa iieiiai oaeiaeaoai?aiey ee/iuo e iauanoaaiiuo iio?aaiinoae,
?aoaiey caaea/e iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa,
eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaioieeia i?aaei?eyoey
ioaeii iinoaaeoue a oaeea oneiaey, eioi?ua aoaeoo iiaoaeaeaoue eo
ia?aueaaoue aunieiyooaeoeaioth oaoieeo, oeo/oaoue eniieueciaaiea
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?ano?nia. Aeey yoiai iaoaieci iaoa?eaeueiiai
noeioee?iaaiey oeaeaniia?acii no?ieoue ia iao/ii iainiiaaiiuo e?eoa?eyo
ioeaiee aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee, no?oeoo?iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee. ?a/ue
eaeao i iaiaoiaeeiinoe eniieueciaaiey iieacaoaeae, io?aaeathueo eiia/iue
ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiue ?acoeueoao o?oaea eieeaeoeaa.
I?eaea/aiea o?oaeyueony e oi?aaeaieth i?iecaiaenoaii, ?acaeoea
eieeaeoeaiuo oi?i i?aaiecaoeee e iieaou o?oaea iaoneiaeeaatho
iaiaoiaeeiinoue iiauoaiey iauaeoeaiinoe aai ioeaiee, oaycee iieaou
o?oaea n aeinoeaioouie eiia/iuie ?acoeueoaoaie. Oaeay ioeaiea aeieaeia
o/eouaaoue eiee/anoai aeiaeaiiiai o?oaea, ecii?aiiiai
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth ?aai/aai a?aiaie, a oaeaea yooaeoeaiinoue
i?iecaiaenoaa. ?ac?aaioaoue oaeie iaoaieci ioeaiee o?oaea* eniieuecoaiue
a ea/anoaa ia?eea o?oaeiaiai aeeaaea eaaeaeiai ?aaioieea e
iiae?acaeaeaiee – cia/eo iaeoe eeth/ e ?aoaieth aeiaaeueiie caaea/e
niciaoaeueiiai aeeth/aiey caeiia yeiiiiee a?aiaie a iioeaaoeeiiiue
iaoaieci oi?aaeaiey.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a iaeanoe iieaou o?oaea ?oeiaiaeeoaeae neiaeeeanue
oaeay neooaoeey, aeey eioi?ie oa?aeoa?ii iieiia ?anoiaeaeaiea ?aiaa
i?iaicaeaoaiiuo i?eioeeiia n ?aaeueiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoueth. Eo
iaoa?eaeueiia aeaaininoiyiea ia oieueei ia naycaii n yooaeoeaiinoueth
i?iecaiaenoaa, iauanoaaiiie iieaciinoueth i?iecaiaeeiie i?iaeoeoeee, ii
aeaaea n iauaiii i?iecaaaeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee. Iiyoiio ia?aui oaaii e
niaa?oainoaiaaieth iieaou o?oaea ?oeiaiaeeoaeae aeieaeii auoue eciaiaiea
a iaoaiecia oi?ie?iaaiey iieaou o?oaea ia i?aaei?eyoee. Oeaeaniia?acii
onoaiiaeoue neaaeothuee ii?yaeie oi?ie?iaaiey oiiaea iieaou o?oaea ia
i?aaei?eyoeyo.
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