Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ii Aunoae oeiea
O?aeueneee Ainoaea?noaaiiue Yeiiiie/aneee Oieaa?neoao
Eaoaae?a Yeiiiieee e Nioeeieiaee O?oaea
Eo?niaay ?aaioa
ii i?aaeiaoo: Yeiiiieea O?oaea
ia oaio: “ Eiio?aeoiay nenoaia iaeia e noeioee?iaaiea o?oaea
?aaioieeia”
?oeiaiaeeoaeue: Eieoa?iaa A.A.
Eniieieoaeue: ?aceia N.I.
a?. YO?-94
Aeaoa?eiao?a 1996 a.
Iaeaaeaiea
Aaaaeaiea………………………………………………………
………………………..3 TOC \o “1-3”
Aeaaa 1 I?iaeaiu caeeth/aiey eiio?aeoa n ?acee/iuie eaoaai?eyie
?aaioieeia. GOTOBUTTON _Toc370878802 PAGEREF _Toc370878802 4
Iiiyoea e niaea?aeaiea o?oaeiaiai aeiaiai?a e eiio?aeoa. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc370878803 PAGEREF _Toc370878803 4
Noaia caeeth/aiey eiio?aeoia. GOTOBUTTON _Toc370878804 PAGEREF
_Toc370878804 6
Eiio?aeou e oneeaiea noeioeia e o?oaeo. GOTOBUTTON _Toc370878805
PAGEREF _Toc370878805 8
I?iaeaiu caeeth/aiey eiio?aeoia n ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie aeoeeiia?iuo iauanoa.
GOTOBUTTON _Toc370878806 PAGEREF _Toc370878806 9
Aeaaa 2 Eciaiaiea oneiaee eiio?aeoa GOTOBUTTON _Toc370878807
PAGEREF _Toc370878807 11
Aeaaa 3 Oa?aeoa?enoeea iniiaaiee i?ae?auaiey eiio?aeoa. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc370878808 PAGEREF _Toc370878808 14
Iauea iniiaaiey ?anoi?aeaiey eiio?aeoa. GOTOBUTTON _Toc370878809
PAGEREF _Toc370878809 14
?anoi?aeaiea eiio?aeoa ii eieoeeaoeaa ?aaioieea
I?iaeaiu caueou ?aaioieeia i?e ?anoi?aeaiee eiio?aeoa ii eieoeeaoeaa
iaieiaoaey
Caeeth/aiea
Aaaaeaiea.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ?inney ia?aaeeaaao i/aiue o?oaeiue ia?eiae a naiae
enoi?ee. Oaia?ue oaea ynii, /oi ?uii/iay yeiiiieea o ian iiea /oi ia
nouanoaoao. A eo/oai neo/aa naeaeaiu ia?aua oaae e iae, nicaeaiu
iaeioi?ua i?aaeiinueee. Aeey aeaenoaeoaeueiiai ia?aoiaea iio?aaothony
aiaeu, anee ia aeanyoeeaoey.
Enoiaey ec iiuoa caiaaeiuo no?ai, ?uiie, aeaaea a oneiaeyo iieeoe/aneie
aeaiie?aoee, nai ii naaa ia iaania/eaaao ie nioeeaeueiie
ni?aaaaeeeainoe, ie nioeeaeueiie caueou aeey aieueoeinoaa a?aaeaeai.
Ia?aoiae e iaio, eae iieacuaaao oaea iao ?inneeneee iiuo, eiaao
oaiaeaioeeth i?eiineoue eo a aea?oao. Iiyoiio a i?ioeanna ia?aoiaea e
?uieo iaaei auoue iniaaiii aieiaoaeueiui e iaania/aieth o?oaeiauo i?aa
?aaioieeia, enoiaeeoue ec yoiai i?e aianaiee eciaiaiee a i?aaiaia
?aaoee?iaaiea o?oaea. (?2 no?.54). Ninoiyiea o?oaeiaiai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa e ?aaeueiia aai i?eiaiaiea yaeythony iieacaoaeai
oeeaeeeciaaiiinoe iauanoaa, oneiaeai aai aunieie i?aanoaaiiinoe e
yooaeoeaiinoe yeiiiieee. E oioy, naaiaeiy ninoiyiea i?aaiaiai
?aaoee?iaaiey o?oaeiauo ioiioaiee io?aaeaao niaoeeoeeo ia?aoiaeiiai
ia?eiaea e ?uii/iie yeiiiieea, nouanoaothuea i?aaiaua ii?iu ia
iaeaaeatho niaa?oainoaii(?1 no?.6), eiie?aoiua o/anoieee o?oaeiauo
ioiioaiee – ?aaioiaeaoaee e ?aaioieee aeieaeiu ciaoue e oiaoue eo
i?eiaiyoue.
Oeaeue eo?niaie ?aaiou – aiaeec eiio?aeoiie nenoaiu iaeia ?aaioieeia a
oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea iaoae yeiiiieee e ?uieo, ?anniio?aiea i?iaeai
caeeth/aiey e ?anoi?aeaiey eiio?aeoia n ?acee/iuie eaoaai?eyie
?aaioieeia.
I?iaeaiu caeeth/aiey eiio?aeoa n ?acee/iuie eaoaai?eyie ?aaioieeia.
Iiiyoea e niaea?aeaiea o?oaeiaiai aeiaiai?a e eiio?aeoa.
O?aaeeoeeiiii oneiaey ?aaeecaoeee a?aaeaeaieiii naieo niiniaiinoae e
o?oaeo i?e iinooieaiee aai ia ?aaioo a ea/anoaa ?aai/aai eee neoaeauaai
ii?aaeaeyeenue iin?aaenoaii caeeth/aiey o?oaeiaiai aeiaiai?a. O?oaeiaie
aeiaiai? anoue niaeaoaiea iaaeaeo o?oaeyueiny e i?aaei?eyoeai,
o/?aaeaeaieai, i?aaiecaoeeae, ii eioi?iio o?oaeyueeny iaycoaony
auiieiyoue ?aaioo ii ii?aaeaeaiiie niaoeeaeueiinoe, eaaeeoeeaoeee eee
aeieaeiinoe n iiae/eiaieai aioo?aiiaio o?oaeiaiio ?anii?yaeeo, a
i?aaei?eyoea, o/?aaeaeaiea, i?aaiecaoeey iaycoaony auiea/eaaoue
o?oaeyuaiony ca?aaioioth ieaoo e iaania/eaaoue oneiaey o?oaea,
i?aaeoniio?aiiua caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii i o?o aea, eieeaeoeaiui aeiaiai?ii
e niaeaoaieai noi?ii.(no.15 ECiO).
A naioya?a 1992a a ECiO auee aianaiu eciaiaiey. Iaeii ec ieo ocaeiieei
neiiieiii o?oaeiaiai aeiaiai?a iiiyoea eiio?aeoa. Ii anaio oaenoo
eiaeaena ?yaeii ni neiaaie “o?oaeiaie aeiaiai?” a neiaeao auei
iinoaaeaii neiai “eiio?aeo”.
Ii y aieueoa neeiiythnue e ii?aaeaeaieth eiio?aeoa, aeaiiiio O.A.
Eaoaieiie a iaeiie ec naieo ?aaio.
Eiio?aeo – eiiia?/aneee aeiaiai? ii iiaiaeo eoiee-i?iaeaaee ?aai/ae neeu
e aa eniieueciaaiey. Eiio?aeo iicaieyao eiaeeaeaeoaeece?iaaoue o?oaeiaua
oneiaey n o/aoii iniaaiiinoae eaaeeoeeaoeee ?aaioieea, aai aeaeiauo
ea/anoa, niaoeeoeee auiieiaiey ?aaiou. A iai oa?aeoa?ecothony ana yoaiu
auiieiaiey ?aaiou, aeayoaeueiinoe, i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe ?aaioieea e
?aaioiaeaoaey.
Eiio?aeo ioee/aaony io o?oaeiaiai aeiaiai?a oai, /oi, ai-ia?auo, /aoei
ii?aaeaeyao i?aaeiao aeiaiai?a (aeey i?iaaaeaiey, aeiionoei, oeeeea
eaeoeee ii i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneiio i?aao ni neooaoaeyie eiiia?/aneeo
eo?nia) ; oneiaey ia iieaoa; ai-aoi?uo, anoue ?acoeueoao
aeiaiai?aiiinoe, oioy i?e aeinoeaeaiee niaeaoaiey ii yoiio aii?ino
o/eouaathony eiiuthieoo?a ia ?uiea, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua ea/anoaa ?aaioieea
(aeiionoei, aeieoi? iaoe eiaao i?aeoeeo ?aaiou a eiiia?/aneeo oe?iao e
o. ae.);a-o?aoueeo, a eiio?aeoa iaiaa?eaaaony e oneiaea ia eiaeaenaoeee.
E, iaeiiaoe, a eiio?aeoa /aoei ii?aaeaeythony i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe
noi?ii, iniiaiua e aeiiieieoaeueiua oneiaey, nioeeaeueiua aa?aioee.
Eiio?aeo iiaeao caeeth/aoueny eae ni ooaoiuie ?aaioieeaie, oae e n oaie,
aeey eiai eiio?aeo yaeyaony aeaeii ioi?ieaiey o?oaeiaie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iiaoo auoue caeeth/aiu ia?aeeaeueiua eiio?aeou, iai?eia?, ia i?iaaaeaiea
aoaeeoa n ianeieueeeie ?aaioieeaie. Iaeei /aeiaae iiaeao ?aaioaoue n?aco
ii ianeieueeei eiio?aeoai. Eiio?aeou iiaoo caeeth/aoueny ?aaioieeii,
iaoiaeyueiny a ooaoa i?aaei?eyoey, aeey auiieiaiey niaiauaaiie ?aaiou e
iieaou ca eiia/iue ?acoeueoao. A eiio?aeoa oeacuaathony n?ie, ia eioi?ue
ii caeeth/aaony, ?acia?u e enoi/iee io/eneaiee ia no?aoiaaiea. (?13
no?.125) A yoii niunea oa?iei “eiio?aeo” aeeaea e oa?ieio “n?i/iue
o?oaeiaie aeiaiai?”.
Eiio?aeoiay oi?ia iaeia ia ?aaioo aia?aua auea i?aaeoniio?aia aua a
Caeiia NNN? “I i?aaei?eyoeyo”, e caoai a ?inneeneii Caeiia “I
i?aaei?eyoeyo e i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe”. Naia eaeay aa
aaaaeaiey aeey ?oeiaiaeeoaeae a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue aeey aunoaai caaia
oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeyie inoaaony i?eoyaaoaeueiui.
A oneiaeyo iiiaiia?acey oi?i nianoaaiiinoe ?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?aaei?eyoey
ia?anoaao auoue aaeeinoaaiiui “oicyeiii” ia i?aaei?eyoee (oai aieaa, /oi
ii e ia aue iieiiaeanoiui oicyeiii, a eeoue i?iaiaeee a aeeciue iieeoeeo
ieienoa?noa).Ii noaiiaeony iaueiiaaiiui iaaiiui ?aaioieeii, eioi?ue
i?eaeaoaaony ia ?oeiaiaeyuoth ?aaioo a ea/anoaa iaiaaeaea?a aeey
yooaeoeaiie ?aaeecaoeee oi?aaeai/aneeo ooieoeee ii oeacaieth
nianoaaiieea.
Nianoaaiiinoue e oi?aaeaiea ?acaeaeaiu, e aunoea iaiaaeaea?u
iacia/athony ia aeey oiai /oiau i?aaenoaaeyoue aeaaeaeueoeaa aeoeee, a
auae?athony ca eo niiniaiinoe.
Aeayoaeueiinoue ?oeiaiaeeoaey eaaeaeiai i?aaei?eyoey eiaao aiieia
eiie?aoioth niaoeeoeeo, eioi?ay iiaeao e aeieaeia auo ii?aaeaeaia a
niaoeeaeueiii aeiaiai?a, caeeth/aaiii iaaeaeo nianoaaiieeii e
iaiaaeaea?ii. Oaeei niaoeeaeueiui aeiaiai?ii yaeyaony eiio?aeo. Aai
eniieuecotho aeey i?eaea/aiey niiniaiuo, eiiiaoaioiuo, iuneyueo e ee/ii
caeioa?aniaaiiuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae. Nenoaia aiciaa?aaeaeaiey, nioeeaeueiiai
no?aoiaaiey e ?acee/iuo eueaio, caoeene?iaaiiay a eiio?aeoao aeaao
aiciiaeiinoue cae?aieaiey oaeeo niaoeeaeenoia.( ?1 no?.63)
Iaiin?aaenoaaiii a caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa naaiaeiy i?aaeoniio?aii eeoue
ianeieueei neo/aaa caeeth/aiey eiio?aeoa:
N eeoeaie, i?eauaathueie a ?aeiiu E?aeiaai Naaa?a e i?e?aaiaiiua e iei
ianoiinoe ec ae?oaeo ?aeiiia (no.251 ECiO).
N eeoeaie, aeaeathueie o/anoaiaaoue a iauanoaaiiuo ?aaioao (no.24 Caeiia
“I caiyoinoe ianaeaiey a ?NON?.”)
A ?aieao o?oaeiauo ioiioaiee ?aaioieeia ia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee
(no.56 Caeiia “Ia ia?aciaaiee”).
E?iia oiai, i?aaeoniao?eaaeanue aiciiaeiinoue caeeth/aiey eiio?aeoa n
eeoeaie, i?eiyouie a ii?yaeea caiauaiey aeieaeiinoe, caieiaaiie
ia?iaeiui aeaiooaoii, ia aanue ia?eiae auiieiaiey ei naieo iaycaiiinoae
a Niaaoa (?1 no?.64).
Eaeay eiio?aeoa eiaao i?aai ia aeeciue e aiieia ieiaeioai?ia, ii
oieueei ia aeey anao eaoaai?ee ?aaioieeia. Aaaeue eiio?aeo – n?aaenoai
i?eaea/aiey iaeaieaa oeaiiuo aeey i?aaei?eyoey eaae?ia, niinia eo
naeaeoeee. Iiyoiio iaoeaeaniia?acii caeeth/aoue eiio?aeou n ?yaeiauie
?aaioieeaie, auiieiythueie o?aaeeoeeiiiua ooieoeee. Oai aieaa, /oi i?e
?anoi?aeaiee aeiaiai?a ii eieoeeaoeaa aaeieieno?aoeee oi?ia e n?ie
eiio?aeoa ia eiatho cia/aiey. Aieueoa anaai a eiio?aeoa “iaieiaoaeae”
i?eaeaeaao aiciiaeiinoue iinea ieii/aiey n?iea ?annoaoueny n ?aaioieeii
aac iauyniaiey i?e/ei. Iiyoiio, anee nio?aiyoue aiciiaeiinoue
caeeth/aiey eiio?aeoa n eaeeie-oi eaoaai?eyie ?aaioieeia, oi iaiaoiaeeii
iaania/eoue ei aa?aioee eo o?oaeiauo i?aa.
Noaia caeeth/aiey eiio?aeoia.
?anniio?ei noaio ninoaaeaiey eiio?aeoa n ?oeiaiaeeoaeai i?aaei?eyoey.
Ethaie eiio?aeo, eae e o?oaeiaie aeiaiai?, eiaao aeaa noi?iiu –
iaieiaoaeue (?aaioiaeaoaeue) e iaieiathueeny (?aaioiee). Nianoaaiiee,
i?eaeaoay ?oeiaiaeeoaey ia ?aaioo, i?aae yaeyao aio naiua aunieea
o?aaiaaiey e, a oi aea a?aiy, ii aeieaeai aa?aioe?iaaoue aio aeinoaoi/ii
aunieee o?iaaiue ea/anoaa aeecie, aunieoth noaiaiue naiinoiyoaeueiinoe a
noa?a oi?aaeaiey, aiciiaeiinoue aeaenoaiaaoue a oneiaeyo ii?aaeaeaiiiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneiai ?enea. Yoi i?aaeiieaaaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue
inouanoaeaiey ii?aaeaeaiiiai eiio?iey ni noi?iiu nianoaaiieea e iaee/ea
ioaaonoaaiiinoe noi?ii eiio?aeoa.
Aeey ninoaaeaiey eiio?aeoa iiaeii eniieueciaaoue ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii
caeeth/aieth o?oaeiaiai aeiaiai?a (eiio?aeoa) a ienueiaiiie oi?ia e
I?eia?ioth oi?io o?oaeiaiai aeiaiai?a (eiio?aeoa) n ?aaioieeii,
ooaa?aeaeaiiua iinoaiiaeaieai Ieienoa?noaa O?oaea io 14 ethey 1993 aiaea
(N16). (I?eeiaeaiea 1.)
Niaea?aeaiea o?oaeiaiai eiio?aeoa iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaii neaaeothuei
ia?acii:
1) iauea iieiaeaiey (iaeiaiiaaiea noi?ii, ?aeaeceou, n?ie aeaenoaey,
oneiaey eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea);
2) i?aaeiao eiio?aeoa (iaeiaiiaaiea auiieiyaiie ?aaiou e niaea?aeaiea
o?oaeiauo ooieoeee);
3) iaycaiiinoe ?aaioiaeaoaey (eioi?iaoeeiiiia, oaoie/aneia iaania/aiea
?aaioieea, aeaeeioa/iue aeaiue, iiauoaiea eaaeeoeeaoeee);
4) ii?yaeie i?eaiee e ioeaiee ?aaiou;
5) iieaoa o?oaea (n?iee auieaou, aaainiaua auieaou, iiiu?eoaeueiua
auieaou);
6) ?aaeei ?aai/aai a?aiaie (aeaeee a?aoee, ?aaioa a ii?aaeaeaiiua /anu,
auoiaeiua, ioionea e ii?yaeie eo i?aaeinoaaeaiey, ii?yaeie iieaou);
7) nioeeaeueiua aa?aioee (aeiiieieoaeueiua auieaou e ioioneo, ii
aieueie/iiio eenoeo, iaycaoaeuenoaa ii o?oaeiono?ienoao ii ieii/aiee
?aaiou, iaaeeoeeineia, naiaoi?ii-eo?i?oiia ianeoaeeaaiea, o?ainii?oiua
oneoae, iieaoa aeeeuey, i?aaeinoaaeaiea aeeeuey, iiaaoaiea e?aaeeoa a
aeeeeuii-no?ieoaeueiii eiiia?aoeaa e ae?.);
8) iaycaiiinoe noi?ii ii auiieiaieth oneiaee eiio?aeoa e
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca eo ia?ooaiea (aeenoeeieeia?iua naieoeee, aiciauaiea
iaoa?eaeueiiai oua?aa, ?anoi?aeaiea eiio?aeoa);
9) oneiaey ?anoi?aeaiey eee i?ieiiaaoeee o?oaeiaiai eiio?aeoa
(?anoi?aeaiey–a neo/aa ia?ooaiey eiio?aeoa, eeeaeaeaoeee i?aaei?eyoey,
ieii/aiey n?iea, iiaeienaiey aeoa naea/e-i?eaiee ?aaiou, aein?i/iia
auiieiaiea ?aaiou, niaeaoaiea noi?ii; i?ieiiaaoeey – anee ?aaioa ia
caaa?oaia, i?einoaiiaeaia ii iacaaenyuei i?e/eiai, ii i?e/eiai,
iaiai?aiiui a eiio?aeoa, a neo/aa caaieaaaiey e ae?.);
10) ii?yaeie ?anniio?aiey nii?ia. (?13 no?.125-126)
Eiio?aeou e oneeaiea noeioeia e o?oaeo.
Oneiaey iieaou o?oaea, ii?aaeaeyaiua a eiio?aeoa, onoaiaaeeaathony a
caaeneiinoe io ?acoeueoaoia i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie e oeiainiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey. Iieaoa o?oaea ?oeiaiaeyueo ?aaioieeia e
niaoeeaeenoia aeieaeia ninoiyoue ec aeaoo /anoae: iinoiyiiie
(aeieaeiinoiie ieeaae) e ia?aiaiiie, caaenyuae io ee/iiai aeeaaea
?aaioieea a aeinoeaeaiea oao eee eiuo iieacaoaeae. Ia?aiaiiay /anoue
ca?aaioiie ieaou (iaaeaaaee, aeiieaou, i?aiee e ae?.) aeieaeia
i?eaioe?iaaoueny ia aeinoeaeaiea e?aoein?i/iuo e aeieaia?aiaiiuo
?acoeueoaoia oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Iia aeieaeia onoaiaaeeaaoueny
a caaeneiinoe io auiieiaiey eiie?aoiuo iaycaoaeuenoa ii yooaeoeaiiio
eniieueciaaieth nianoaaiiinoe i?aaei?eyoey e auiea/eaaoueny a
caaeneiinoe io eo naiaa?aiaiiiai auiieiaiey (oaaee/aiea iauaiia
i?iecaiaenoaa e ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee, i?eauee, iiauoaiey
?aioaaaeueiinoe, aaiaea iiauo iiuiinoae e iauaeoia, iiauoaiey
eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe i?iaeoeoeee, oaaee/aiey aaethoiie i?eauee e ae?.)
Iaaeaaaee e aeieaeiinoiiio ieeaaeo aeieaeiu onoaiaaeeaaoueny ca
iaycaoaeuenoaa aeieaia?aiaiiiai oa?aeoa?a: auione eiieo?aioiniiniaiie ia
ie?iaii ?uiea i?iaeoeoeee, yenii?o i?iaeoeoeee, iiauoaiioth neiaeiinoue
oi?aaeaiey (aaia?aeueiui aee?aeoi?ai e aee?aeoi?ai e?oiiuo i?aaei?eyoee)
e ae?.
I?aiee e aiciaa?aaeaeaiey aeieaeiu auiea/eaaoueny ca auiieiaiea
eiie?aoiuo iieacaoaeae e iaycaoaeuenoa ii yooaeoeaiiio oicyenoaiaaieth e
eo ?acia? aeieaeai auoue iaiai?ai a eiio?aeoa.
?acia? ia?aiaiiie ca?aaioiie ieaou aeieaeai auoue aeinoaoi/iui aeey
nicaeaiey iaiaoiaeeiie iaoa?eaeueiie caeioa?aniaaiiinoe ?aaioieea a
auiieiaiee i?eiyouo iaycaoaeuenoa, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo a eiio?aeoa.
I?e yoii i?aiee e aiciaa?aaeaeaiey ca auiieiaiea oaeoueo iieacaoaeae
eo/oa onoaiaaeeaaoue a iaiueoeo ?acia?ao, /ai ca inouanoaeaiea ia?,
eiathueo ia?niaeoeaiia cia/aiea aeey i?aaei?eyoey e o?aaothueo
ii?aaeaeaiiiai a?aiaie aeey eo ?aaeecaoeee.
Oaeaea aeiiieieoaeueiuie noeioeaie e o?oaeo iiaoo noaoue iaiai?aiiua a
eiio?aeoa aii?inu no?aoiaaiey e iaineiiiiai iaania/aiey e ia?a/eneaiiua
auoa nioeeaeueiua aa?aioee.
Eiio?aeo caeeth/aaony a ienueiaiiie oi?ia a aeaoo yecaiiey?ao. Iaeei
yecaiiey? inoaaony o ?aaioiaeaoaey, aoi?ie – o ?aaioieea. Eiio?aeo
yaeyaony iniiaaieai aeey aicieeiiaaiey o?oaeiauo ioiioaiee iaaeaeo
noi?iiaie eiio?aeoa ni aeiy, onoaiiaeaiiiai a iai. ?aaioiaeaoaeue
ecaeaao i?eeac i ca/eneaiee ?aaioieea ia ?aaioo ia iniiaaiee aeaiiiai
eiio?aeoa e iauyaeyao aai iiae ?anieneo ?aaioieea.
I?iaeaiu caeeth/aiey eiio?aeoia n ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie aeoeeiia?iuo iauanoa.
Ii?aaeaeaiiua i?iaeaiu a nayce n caeeth/aieai eiio?aeoa n ?oeiaiaeeoaeai
aicieeatho a iaeioi?uo i?aaiecaoeeyo – i?aaiauo oi?iao
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa, iai?eia?, a aeoeeiia?iuo iauanoaao. Eaaeaeia
aeoeeiia?iia iauanoai eiaao naie onoaa, eioi?ue ia aeieaeai
i?ioeai?a/eoue caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao. Ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue a ?innee iao
niaoeeaeueiiai caeiia ia aeoeeiia?iuo iauanoaao, iiyoiio aii?inu eo
i?aaiecaoeee e aeayoaeueiinoe ii?aaeaeythony Iieiaeaieai ia aeoeeiia?iuo
iauanoaao, ooaa?aeaeaiiui iinoaiiaeaieai Niaaoa Ieieno?ia ?NON? io 25
aeaeaa?y 1990 aiaea ?601. Ii a?aaeaeaineiio eiaeaeno ?NON? aeoeeiia?iia
iauanoai – yoi iauanoai, onoaaiue eaieoae eioi?iai ?acaeaeai ia
ii?aaeaeaiiia /enei aeoeee, aeoeeiia?u ia ioaa/atho ii iaycaoaeuenoaai
iauanoaa e ianoo ?ene oauoeia, naycaiiuo n aeayoaeueiinoueth iauanoaa,
oieueei a i?aaeaeao noieiinoe i?eiaaeeaaeaueo ei aeoeee.
Aunoei i?aaiii oi?aaeaiey aeoeeiia?iui iauanoaii yaeyaony iauaa nia?aiea
aeoeeiia?ia, e eiiiaoaioiinoe eioi?iai ioiineony eca?aiea niaaoa
aee?aeoi?ia e ?aaeceiiiie eiiennee. Ia nia?aiee aeoeeiia?ia i?ienoiaeeo
ia?niiaeueiia eca?aiea aee?aeoi?ia, iacia/aiea Aaia?aeueiiai aee?aeoi?a.
Ooo e aicieeatho i?iaeaiu: eae oaoie/anee caeeth/eoue eiio?aeo, eoi
aeieaeai aai iiaeienaoue?
A.I. Eo?aiiie, aeieoi? th?eaee/aneeo iaoe, i?ioanni? Aeaaeaiee
ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa i?e I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?O i?aaeeaaaao neaaeothuaa
?aoaiea:
Nia?aiea aeoeeiia?ia ia oieueei iacia/aao Aaia?aeueiiai aee?aeoi?a, ii e
ooaa?aeaeaao oaeno eiio?aeoa n iei, iinea /aai ii?o/aao iiaeienaoue yoio
eiio?aeo ethaiio ec aeoeeiia?ia (ii ii?o/aieth nia?aiey).
A naith i/a?aaeue, Aaia?aeueiue aee?aeoi? caeeth/aao eiio?aeou n /eaiaie
Niaaoa aee?aeoi?ia n o/aoii iniiaiuo iieiaeaiee, eanathueony eo noaoona
a iauanoaa e ooaa?aeaeaiiuo nia?aieai aeoeeiia?ia (?1 no?.68)
Eciaiaiea oneiaee eiio?aeoa
Aaaeiaeoaa iieiaeaiea eaaeaeiai eiio?aeoa – oneiaea i o?oaeiaie ooieoeee
?aaioieea. ?aaioiee iinooiaao ia i?aaei?eyoea ?aaee auiieiaiey ?aaiou ii
ii?aaeaeaiiie o?oaeiaie ooieoeee, aeey yoie aea oeaee e i?aaei?eyoea
i?eaeaoaao ?aaioieea. O?oaeiaay ooieoeey ii?aaeaeyaony ii niaeaoaieth
noi?ii o?oaeiaiai eiio?aeoa – yoio auaiae neaaeoao ec iiieiaiey
eiio?aeoa eae niaeaoaiey i ?aaioa ii eiie?aoiie niaoeeaeueiinoe,
eaaeeoeeaoeee eee aeieaeiinoe.
Aeiaiai?iue oa?aeoa? cae?aieaiey o?oaeiaie ooieoeee eiaao aaaeiaeoea
iineaaenoaey. Oi, /oi onoaiaaeeaaaony ii niaeaoaieth noi?ii, ia iiaeao
auoue eciaiaii aac eo niaeaoaiey. ?aaioiaeaoaeue ia ai?aaa a
iaeiinoi?iiiai ii?yaeea eciaieoue o?oaeiaoth ooieoeeth ?aaioieea. Iaeii
ec enoiaeiuo iieiaeaiee o?oaeiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ninoieo a oii, /oi
?aaioiaeaoaeue ia ai?aaa o?aaiaaoue io ?aai/aai eee neoaeauaai
auiieiaiey ?aaiou, ii iaoneiaeaiiie o?oaeiaui eiio?aeoii.
Ii a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo o?oaeiaay ooieoeey noaiiaeony iniaaiii
iiaeaeaeiie e eciai/eaie. Yoiai o?aaotho eioa?anu i?iecaiaenoaa,
iinoiyiii i?aaeuyaeythuaai e ?aaioieeai ana iiaua e iiaua o?aaiaaiey.
Nia?aiaiiia i?iecaiaenoai oa?aeoa?ecoaony iai?a?uaiui niaa?oainoaiaaieai
oaoiieiaee, aiaae?aieai iiauo iaoei e iaoaieciia, /anoui eciaiaieai
i?ioeey auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee. Anoanoaaiii, /oi ethaia iiaeiaiia
eciaiaiea ia iiaeao auoue naycaii n ianniaui oaieueiaieai iaeieo
?aaioieeia e caiaiie eo ae?oaeie. Ioaeii, /oiau i?aaeiea ?aaioieee auee
a ninoiyiee ni?aaeyoueny n iiaie ?aaioie, oaeiaeaoai?yee iiaui
o?aaiaaieyi.
Ia oieueei i?aaei?eyoea caeioa?aniaaii a iiaeaeaeiinoe o?oaeiaie
ooieoeee. A ia iaiueoae noaiaie a yoii caeioa?aniaai e ?aaioiee. Ii
iinoiyiii iiauoaao naith eaaeeoeeaoeeth, no?aieony e aieaa eioa?aniie ii
niaea?aeaieth e auoa iiea/eaaaiie ?aaioa. Ana yoe anoanoaaiiua i?ioeannu
aucuaatho eciaiaiea o?oaeiaie ooieoeee. Eioa?anu i?aaei?eyoey e eioa?anu
?aaioieeia, oaeei ia?acii, niaiaaeatho, /oi neoaeeo nioeeaeueiie iniiaie
iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna a nioeeaeenoe/aneii iauanoaa.
Ii niaiaaeaiea eioa?ania i?aaei?eyoey e ?aaioieea a oeaeii ia icia/aao,
/oi yoe eioa?anu niaiaaeatho anaaaea. Iiaoo neiaeeoueny neooaoeee,
eiaaea i?aaei?eyoea caeioa?aniaaii a eniieueciaaiee o?oaeyuaainy ia
oaeie ?aaioa, eioi?ay a aeaiiue iiiaio aai ia oaeiaeaoai?yao. ?aaioiee
iiaeao iiauneoue eaaeeoeeaoeeth e i?aoaiaeiaaoue ia ae?oaoth ?aaioo, ii
a aeaiiue iiiaio ia i?aaei?eyoee iiaeiaiie ?aaiou iiaeao ia ieacaoueny.
Aeey oaeeo neo/aaa a?aiaiiiai /anoe/iiai ianiaiaaeaiey eioa?ania
onoaiiaeai i?aaiaie iaoaieci, ?ac?aoathuee aicieeathuea ?aciiaeaney yoi
aeiaiai?iue oa?aeoa? eciaiaiey o?oaeiaie ooieoeee. (?8 no?.35)
Eciaiaiea oneiaee eiio?aeoa (o?oaeiaie ooieoeee eee ianoa ?aaiou)
yaeyaony ia?aaiaeii ia ae?oaoth ?aaioo. Caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai
i?aaeoniao?eaaao o?e aeaea ia?aaiaeia ia ae?oaoth ?aaioo:
ia oii aea i?aaei?eyoee;
ia ae?oaia i?aaei?eyoea;
a ae?oaoth ianoiinoue, oioy au aianoa n i?aaei?eyoeai.
Ana oeacaiiua ia?aaiaeu aeiioneathony oieueei n niaeaney ?aaioieea, ca
eneeth/aieai a?aiaiiiai ia?aaiaea ia ae?oaoth ?aaioo a neo/aa
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie iaiaoiaeeiinoe e i?inoiy (no.26 e 27 ECiO).
Ia?aaiae ia ae?oaoth ?aaioo ioee/aaony io ia?aiauaiey. A ia?aii neo/aa
?aaioieeo ii?o/aaony ?aaioa, ia niioaaonoaothuay aai niaoeeaeueiinoe,
eaaeeoeeaoeee e aeieaeiinoe, ai aoi?ii – i?aaeeaaaaony ?aaioa ii oie aea
niaoeeaeueiinoe, eaaeeoeeaoeee e aeieaeiinoe oieueei ia ae?oaii ?aai/ai
ianoa, a ae?oaii no?oeoo?iii iiae?acaeaeaiee a oie aea ianoiinoe, ia
ae?oaii iaoaiecia. A neo/aa oiaiueoaiey ca?aaioea ?aaioieea ii
iacaaenyuei io iaai i?e/eiai, i?iecaiaeeony aeiieaoa aei i?aaeiaai
n?aaeiaai ca?aaioea a oa/aiea aeaoo ianyoeaa ni aeiy ia?aiauaiey.
A neo/aa i?iecaiaenoaaiiie iaiaoiaeeiinoe aeey i?aaei?eyoey
?aaioiaeaoaeue eiaao i?aai ia?aaiaeeoue ?aaioieea ia n?ie aei iaeiiai
ianyoea ia ia iaoneiaeaiioth eiio?aeoii ?aaioo ia oii aea i?aaei?eyoee
eee ia ae?oaii i?aaei?eyoee, ii a oie aea ianoiinoe n iieaoie o?oaea ii
auiieiyaiie ?aaioa ia ieaea n?aaeiaai ca?aaioea ii i?aaeiae ?aaioa.
I?iecaiaenoaaiiie iaiaoiaeeiinoueth n/eoathony eneeth/eoaeueiua neo/ae:
noeoeeiua aaaenoaey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiua aaa?ee
aeaaeue
ii?/a eiouanoaa
caiauaiea ionoonoaothuaai ?aaioieea (ia aieaa /ai iaeei ianyoe a aiaeo)
I?e i?inoia e a neo/aa caiauaiey ionoonoaothuaai ?aaioieea ia
aeiioneaaony ia?aaiae eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo ?aaioieeia ia
iaeaaeeoeoee?iaaiiua ?aaiou.
Ia i?aeoeea ia?aaeei aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue a eciaiaiee nouanoaaiiuo
oneiaee o?oaea – nenoaiu e ?acia?a iieaou o?oaea, eueaio, ?aaeeia
?aaiou, niaiauaiea i?ioannee, eciaiaiea ?ac?yaeia e ae?. A oaeeo neo/ayo
?aaioiee aeieaeai auoue iinoaaeai a ecaanoiinoue ia iicaeiaa /ai ca aeaa
ianyoea, e anee ?aaioiee ia niaeanai ia oaeea oneiaey , eiio?aeo
i?a?uaaaony ii ioieoo 6 no.29 ECiO.
A nayce n i?iaaaeaieai i?eaaoecaoeee e niaia i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaie
oi?iu i?aaei?eyoee aii?in i aiciiaeiinoe oaieueiaiey ?aaioieea i?eia?ae
iniaoth aeooaeueiinoue. A ECiO onoaiiaeaii iauaa i?aaeei aeey oaeeo
neo/aaa.
I?e ?ai?aaiecaoeee i?aaei?eyoey eee niaia aai nianoaaiieea o?oaeiaua
ioiioaiey n niaeaney ?aaioieea i?iaeieaeathony. I?ae?auaiea eiio?aeoa ii
eieoeeaoeaa aaeieieno?aoeee aiciiaeii oieueei i?e nie?auaiee /eneaiiinoe
e ooaoa ?aaioieeia.
Ainoaea?noaaiiay i?ia?aiia i?eaaoecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiuo e
ioieoeeiaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, ooaa?aeaeaiiay
Oeacii I?aceaeaioa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee io 24 aeaeaa?y 1993 aiaea,
niaea?aeaea niaoeeaeueiue ?acaeae, iinayuaiiue caueoa eioa?ania
?aaioieeia i?eaaoece?oaiuo i?aaei?eyoee. N iiiaioa i?eiyoey o?oaeiaui
eieeaeoeaii ?aoaiey i iiaea/a cayaee ia i?eaaoecaoeeth e aei iiiaioa
aicieeiiaaiey i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe o iieoiaoaey eee aei iiiaioa i?iaeaaee
75% aeoeee i?eaaoece?oaiiai i?aaei?eyoey cai?auaeinue aac niaeaney
io?aneaaiai aaaeiinoaa e ieienoa?noaa
inouanoaeyoue ?ai?aaiecaoeeth, eeeaeaeaoeeth e eciaiaiea no?oeoo?u
i?aaei?eyoey;
eciaiyoue ooaoiia ?anienaiea i?aaei?eyoey;
nie?auaoue /eneaiiinoue ?aaioieeia.
Aiineaaenoaee no?oeoo?a aeoeeiia?iiai iauanoaa iiaeao auoue eciaiaia,
oiaaea noaeueaa ?aaioieeia aoaeao ?aoaoueny a niioaaonoaee n o?oaeiaui
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii. (?7 no?.86)
Oa?aeoa?enoeea iniiaaiee i?ae?auaiey eiio?aeoa.
Iauea iniiaaiey ?anoi?aeaiey eiio?aeoa.
Eiio?aeo, aoaeo/e iaeiaaeaeu caeeth/aiiui iaaeaeo aai noi?iiaie, iiaeao
auoue i?e ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaeyo i?ae?auai. ?acee/atho iauea iniiaaiey
aeey ?anoi?aeaiey eiio?aeoa(?14 no?. 53-54)
?anoi?aeaiea eiio?aeoa ii eieoeeaoeaa ?aaioieea.
Anee ?aaioieeii caeeth/ai o?oaeiaie aeiaiai? ia iaii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie, oi
?aaioiee eiaao i?aai ?anoi?aiooue aai ii nianoaaiiiio aeaeaieth,
i?aaeoi?aaeea ia yoii ?aaioiaeaoaey ca aeaa iaaeaee(no.31 ECiO).
Ii aeey ?aaioieeia ,caeeth/eaoeo eiio?aeoNienie eeoa?aoo?u:
Aieneiia E.I. O?oaeiaie aeiaiai?. Iineaa «Niaaoneay ?inney» 1988a
Aoa?ia E.TH. I?iaeaiu naiaiaeu o?oaea a o?oaeiaii i?aaa ?innee. Ia?iue
1992a
AEoeia E.E., Ai?oeia A.A. Ni?aai/iia iiniaea ii o?oaeo e ca?aaioiie
ieaoa. Iineaa «Oeiainu e noaoenoeea» 1990a.
Eaoaieia O.A. I?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai. I?aaiaua iniiau. Iineaa
«TH?eaee/aneay eeoa?aoo?a» 1994a.
ECiO ?O a ?aaeaeoeee Caeiia io 25 naioya?y 1992a. e i?iaeaiu aai
i?eiaiaiey. //Ainoaea?noai e i?aai. 1993a. ?7.
Eeneeaa E.ss. O?oaeiaia i?aai a oneiaeyo ?uii/iie yeiiiieee. Iineaa
1992a
Eiiiaioa?ee e Eiaeaeno caeiiia i o?oaea ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. Iiae
?aae. Ieeeoneiai A.E. e Oaeiiiaa A.A. Iineaa 1993a
Ei?ooiiaa O.TH., Io?oaeeiiaa A.O. O?oaeiaie aeiaiai? a nia?aiaiiuo
oneiaeyo. //Ainoaea?noai e i?aai.1994.?2.
Eo?aiiie A.I. O?oaeiaia i?aai ia iooe e ?uieo. Iineaa 1995a
Eo?aiiie A.I. O?oaeiaua ioiioaiey a aeoeeiia?iii iauanoaa: i?aaiaay
?aaeaiaioaoeey. Iineaa 1994a.
Eeaoeoe ?.C. O?oaeiaia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai: ianoiyuaa e aoaeouaa. Iineaa
1989a.
Eoaeia A.I. Eiio?aeoiay oi?ia iaeia e iieaou o?oaea ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
i?aaei?eyoee. //Yeiiiieea naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo e ia?a?aaaouaathueo
i?aaei?eyoee. 1995a. ?2.
I?eianeee TH.I. Eiiiaioa?ee e caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao i o?oaeiaii aeiaiai?a.
Iineaa 1994a.
O?oae e ca?aaioiay ieaoa a NNN?. Neiaa?ue-ni?aai/iee. Iiae ?aae.
Aiaaou?aiei C.N. «Yeiiiieea» 1989a.
O?oaeiaia i?aai ?innee. Iiae ?aae. Iaoeiaa A.N. Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a 1994a.
I?eeiaeaiea 1
e Iinoaiiaeaieth Ieio?oaea ?innee
io 14 ethey 1993 aiaea ? 135
Eiio?aeo
1. I?aaei?eyoea (i?aaiecaoeey)___________________________
(iaeiaiiaaiea)
a eeoea_________________________________________________
(aeieaeiinoue, O.E.I.)
eiaioaiia a aeaeueiaeoai “I?aaei?eyoea” e a?aaeaeaiei
_______________________________________________________
(O.E.I.)
eiaioaiue a aeaeueiaeoai “?aaioiee”, caeeth/eee ianoiyuee aeiaiai? i
ieaeaneaaeothuai.
2. ?aaioiee_______________________i?eieiaaony ia ?aaioo
(O.E.I.)
_______________________________________________________
(iaeiaiiaaiea no?oeoo?iiai iiae?acaeaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey: oeao, ioaeae,
eaai?aoi?ey e o.ae.) ii i?ioannee, aeieaeiinoe, (iieiia iaeiaiiaaiea
i?ioannee, aeieaeiinoe, eaaeeoeeaoeee)
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
(?ac?yae, eaaeeoeeaoeeiiiay eaoaai?ey)
3. Aeiaiai? yaeyaony:
aeiaiai?ii ii iniiaiie ?aaioa
aeiaiai?ii ii niaianoeoaeuenoao
(ioaeiia iiae/a?eiooue)
4. Aeae aeiaiai?a: – ia iaii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie (aann?i/iue)
– ia ii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie.
______________________________________________________
(oeacaoue i?e/eio caeeth/aiey n?i/iiai aeiaiai?a) – ia a?aiy auiieiaiey
ii?aaeaeaiiie ?aaiou.
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
(oeacaoue eaeie)
5. N?ie aeaenoaey aeiaiai?a:
Ia/aei ?aaiou__________________________________________
Ieii/aiea ?aaiou_______________________________________
6. N?ie eniuoaiey:
a) aac eniuoaiey;
a) _______________________________________________
(i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea)
7. ?aaioiee aeieaeai auiieiyoue neaaeothuea iaycaiiinoe (oeacuaathony
iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee ?aaioieea e o?aaiaaiey e o?iaith eo auiieiaiey:
ii iauaio i?iecaiaenoaa (?aaio), ea/anoao auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee /
ea/anoao ianeoaeeaaiey), o?iaiy auiieiaiey ii?i e ii?ie?iaaiey caaeaiee,
niaethaeaieth i?aaee ii io?aia o?oaea, auiieiaieth niaaeiuo ?aaio a
oeaeyo iaania/aiey acaeiicaiaiyaiinoe. I?e niaiauaiee i?ioannee (?aaio),
auiieiaiee niaaeiuo iia?aoeee aeaaony ia?a/aiue yoeo ?aaio e eo iauaiu e
ae?. iaycaoaeuenoaa):
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
8. I?aaei?eyoea iaycaii i?aaieciauaaoue o?oae ?aaioieea, nicaeaoue
oneiaey aeey aaciianiiai e yooaeoeaiiai o?oaea, iai?oaeiaaoue ?aai/aa
ianoi a niioaaonoaee n i?aaeeaie io?aiu o?oaea e oaoieee aaciianiinoe,
naiaa?aiaiii auiea/eaaoue iaoneiaeaiioth aeiaiai?ii ca?aaioioth ieaoo.
Oeacuaathony eiie?aoiua ia?u ii i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
i?ioeanna, iai?oaeiaaieth ?aai/aai ianoa, iiaeaioiaea e iiauoaieth
eaaeeoeeaoeee ?aaioieea e nicaeaieth ae?oaeo oneiaee o?oaea. I?e
i?aaeinoaaeaiee ?oeiaiaeeoaeth no?oeoo?iiai iiae?acaeaeaiey i?aaa iaeia
?aaioieeia ia ?aaioo a aeaiiue ioieo aeiaiai?a aiinyo niioaaonoaothuoth
caienue
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
9. Iaycaiiinoue ?aaioiaeaoaey ii iaania/aieth oneiaee ?aaiou ia ?aai/ai
ianoa n oeacaieai aeinoiaa?iuo oa?aeoa?enoee, eiiiainaoeee e eueaio
?aaioieeo ca oyaeaeua, iniai oyaeaeua ?aaiou e ?aaiou n a?aaeiuie, iniai
a?aaeiuie eee iianiuie oneiaeyie o?oaea
_______________________________________________________
10. Aa?aioee niaeanii Oeaco I?aceaeaioa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee io 21
ai?aey 1993 aiaea ?471 “I aeiiieieoaeueiuo ia?ao ii caueoa o?oaeiauo
i?aa a?aaeaeai ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”.
_______________________________________________________
11. Iniaaiiinoe ?aaeeia ?aai/aai a?aiaie (iaiieiue ?aai/ee aeaiue,
iaiieiay ?aai/ay iaaeaey, ii/aniaay ?aaioa):
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________
12. ?aaioieeo onoaiaaeeaaaony: aeieaeiinoiie ieeaae (oa?eoiay
noaaea)__________________________?oa. a ianyoe
eee_____________________?oa. ca 1 /an ?aaiou___________
iaaeaaaea (aeiieaoa e ae?. auieaou)_______________________
___________________________________?oa. (a % e noaaea), (oeacaoue aeae
aeiieao, iaaeaaaie)
ieeaaeo).
13. ?aaioieeo onoaiaaeeaaaony aaeaaiaeiue ioione
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth: – iniiaiie_________________________
?aai/eo aeiae; – aeiiieieoaeueiue____________?aai/eo aeiae.
14. Ae?oaea oneiaey aeiaiai?a, naycaiiua ni niaoeeoeeie
o?oaea__________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________
Aae?ana noi?ii e iiaeiene:
?aaioiee
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________ (O.E.I
I?aaei?eyoea
_____________________________________________________
(O.E.I. aeieaeiinoue)
________________________________________________________________________
__________(aae?an)
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