IINEIANEEE AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE EINOEOOO IAAEAeOIA?IAeIUO IOIIOAIEE
(OIEAA?NEOAO) IEAe ?O
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eaoaae?a EII e AI ?INNEE
?aoa?ao ia oaio: “Ainoi/iia iai?aaeaiea aiaoiae iieeoeee I.N.
Ai?aa/aaa”.
Nooaeaioa IV eo?na
oaeoeueoaoa II, 4
aeaae. a?.
Ea?aaiieiaa A.A.
Iao/iue
?oeiaiaeeoaeue
Aiaaoo?ia A.Ae.
Iineaa, 1996 a.
NIAeA?AEAIEA
AINOIE — AeAEI OIIEIA (aianoi
aaaaeaiey)……………………………………………………..
………………no?. 3-4
Aeaaa I. EIIOEUeNU E AIAOIAE IIEEOEEA
AI?AA*AAA………………………………………..no?. 5-6
Aeaaa II. OI?IE?IAAIEA IIAIE AIAOIAIIEEOE*ANEIE AeIEO?EIU NNN?…..no?.
7-9
Aeaaa III. O?AAOEE?IAAIEA AOAAINEIE
I?IAEAIU……………………………………………….no?.
10-12
Aeaaa IV. II?IAEECAOeEss NIAAONEI-EEOAENEEO
IOIIOAIEE…………………………..no?. 13-15
Aeaaa V. I?AIAeIEAIEA IONOAAAIEss A NIAAONEI-ssIIINEEO
IOIIOAIEssO……no?. 16-18
CAEETH*AIEA…………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………
..no?. 19
ENOI*IEEE E
EEOA?AOO?A……………………………………………………..
……………………………………..no?. 20-22
AINOIE — AeAEI OIIEIA
(Aianoi aaaaeaiey)
Aeaiiay ?aaioa iinayuaia ainoi/iiio aniaeoo aiaoiae iieeoeee Niaaoneiai
Nithca 1985-1991 aa.. A ia?aie aeaaa iinoaaeaia oeaeue neacaoue
ianeieueei neia i iiaii Aaia?aeueiii nae?aoa?a OeE EINN NNN?,
i?eoaaeoaai e aeanoe a ia?oa 1985 a., iieacaoue iaaeaeoia?iaeiia
iieiaeaiea NNN? a na?aaeeia 80-o aa. e iieacaoue iniiaiua i?aaeiinueee
?aceiai eciaiaiey aiaoiaiieeoe/aneiai eo?na iiaiai niaaoneiai
?oeiaiaenoaa. Aeaeaa, ai aoi?ie aeaaa ?aaiou, ?a/ue iieaeao i aaiacena
iiaie ainoi/iie iieeoeee Nithca, aoaeoo i?eaaaeaiu iniiaiua aeieoiaiou,
a eioi?uo niaea?aeaeanue eiioeaioeey niaaoneiai ainoi/iie iieeoeee.
Inoaeueiay aea /anoue ?aoa?aoa — yoi iiiuoea ia eiie?aoiuo i?eia?ao
iieacaoue i?aeoe/aneia i?eiaiaiea iiaiai iieeoe/aneiai iuoeaiey a
ainoi/iie iieeoeee no?aiu. Aeey yoi aua?aiu ?aoaiea, ia acaeyae aaoi?a,
naiuo neiaeiuo aiaoiaiieeoe/aneeo i?iaeai oiai a?aiaie: ?ac?aoaiea
aoaaineie i?iaeaiu, eae i?iaeieaeaiea— ii?iaeecaoeey
niaaonei-eeoaeneeo ioiioaiee, e i?aiaeieaiea ionoaaaiey a
niaaonei-yiiineeo ioiioaiee.
Ia?aae oai eae i?enooieoue e iaiin?aaenoaaiiiio eceiaeaieth oaiu
i?aaenoaaeyaony oeaeaniia?aciui neacaoue ianeieueei neia i oao
i?ioeannao, eioi?ua i?ioiaeeee a Aceaonei-oeoiieaaineii ?aaeiia a 80-o
aa. e ianoa ainoi/iiai iai?aaeaiey a ai anae aiaoiae iieeoeee NNN?.
Neaaeoao iaiiiieoue ia iniaaiiinoe aaia?aoe/aneiai iieiaeaiey
niaaoneiai ainoaea?noaa, eioi?ia i?eiaaeeaaeeo e e Caiaaeo, e e Ainoieo,
e e Aa?iia, e e Acee: nauoa 3/4 oa??eoi?ee auaoaai Nithca e iuiaoiae
?innee iaoiaeeony a Acee. Caeanue ?aniieiaeaiu iniiaiua iaoe i?e?iaeiua
aiaaonoaa. Ieiei 27 oun. ei ?inneeneiai iiaa?aaeuey iiuaathony aiaeaie
Oeoiai ieaaia. ?inney auea e inoaaony naycothuei caaiii aeaoo
eiioeiaioia e aianoa n oai eae au caiueaao naaa?iia eieueoei ie?iaiai
niiauanoaa.
Ainoi/iia iai?aaeaiea anaaaea ea?aei ia?iiioth ?ieue ai aiaoiae
iieeoeea NNN?. A iineaaeiae o?aoe OO noieaoey a no?aiao Aeaeueiaai
Ainoiea, THai-Ainoi/iie Acee e, anee a?aoue aieaa oe?iei, a ianooaaao
anaai Aceaonei-oeoiieaaineiai ?aaeiia (AO?) ?acaa?ioeenue aeoaieea
ia?aiaiu n aeaeaei eaeoueie aeiaaeueiuie iineaaenoaeyie.
I?aa?auaiea ssiiiee ai aoi?ie iinea NOA, ii aieaa aeeiaie/iue oeaio?
yeiiiie/aneie iiue, aicieeiiaaiea ?yaeii n iae oeaeie a?oiiu iiauo
eiaeono?eaeueiuo no?ai, iiai?io e iiaea?iecaoeee yeiiiieee Eeoay iinea
nia?oe Iai Aecaaeoia a 1976 a., anooieaiea ia iooue ?aaeiiaeueiie
eioaa?aoeee iaeioi?uo ainoaea?noa THai-Ainoi/iie Acee, ei?aiiui ia?acii
iiaeeyee ia ianoaiiaeo a AO?.
Oaea e na?aaeeia 80-o aa.. iaiaoeeny auoiae no?ai AO? ia eeaee?othuea
iiceoeee ii iaeaieaa ia?niaeoeaiui iai?aaeaieyi iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai
i?ia?anna: yeaeo?ioaoieee, ay?ieinie/aneeo oaoiieiaee, inaiaiea iiauo
enoi/ieeia yia?aee e aiaaonoa Ie?iaiai ieaaia. Iao/ii-oaoie/aneay
?aaiethoeey a ni/aoaiee n ia?iiiuie i?e?iaeiuie aiaaonoaaie, ethaeneeie
?ano?naie yoiai ?aaeiia, o?aaeeoeeiiiui o?oaeiethaeai,
aeenoeeieeie?iaaiiinoueth e ?aoeeiiaeueiui ia?acii aeecie ianaeaiey
ainoi/iuo no?ai ioe?uee ia?aae ieie oe?ieea ia?niaeoeau aeey eo
oniaoiiai yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey.
A ioee/ea io Aa?iiu n aa aaia?aoe/aneie eiiiaeoiinoueth e a aieueoae
noaiaie iauei eoeueoo?ii- enoi?e/aneei ianeaaeeai, no?aiu
Aceaonei-oeoiieaaineiai ?aaeiia aanueia ioee/athony ae?oa io ae?oaa
aaia?aoe/aneeie oneiaeyie, o?iaiai yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey,
nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneei no?iai e iaoeeiiaeueiuie o?aaeeoeeyie.
Aneaaenoaea iano?iou neiaeeaoeony oneiaee nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai e
iieeoe/aneiai ?acaeoey, AO? ia i?ioyaeaiee iiiaeo eao inoaaaeny ciiie
neiaeiaeoaai ia?aieaoaiey ino?uo iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo i?iaeai, noieeiiaaiey
eioa?ania e eiioeeeoia. Iiiaea eiioeeeou ia ?ac?aoaiu e ii nae aeaiue.
Io aeeiaie/ii ?acaeaathueony no?ai e ?aeiiia Oeoiieaaineiai ?aaeiia
?acei ioee/aeny Aeaeueiee Ainoie e Ainoi/iay Neae?ue ?NON?. Iie
iia?oceeenue a naiaai ?iaea canoieiia ninoiyiea. Iaee/ea aieueoiai
eiee/anoaa aii?oaeaiiuo nee e aiaiiuo iauaeoia ia Aeaeueiai Ainoiea auea
enoi/ieeii iaonoie/eainoe a AO? e iaaeiaa?ey e NNN?.
Ana yoi ia iiaei ia o/eouaaoueny i?e au?aaioea iiaie iieeoe/aneie
no?aoaaee a ainoi/iii iai?aaeaiee niaaoneei ?oeiaiaenoaii.
Aeaaa I. EIIOEUeNU E AIAOIAE IIEEOEEA AI?AA*AAA
A 1985 a. oie?aao E.O. *a?iaiei, Aaia?aeueiui nae?aoa?ai EINN iiae
ao?iua aieiaeeniaiou noaiiaeony I.N. Ai?aa/aa. N eiaiai yoiai /aeiaaea
naycaii aieaa /ai iyoue eao enoi?ee NNN?.
Aiiaua, ienaoue i Ai?aa/aaa ia eaaei. Ii ianeieueeei i?e/eiai.
Ai-ia?auo, ca a?aiy aai i?aauaaiey ia aeieaeiinoe Aaia?aeueiiai
nae?aoa?y EINN auei ia?iiiia eiee/anoai ?a/ae, cayaeaiee, eioa?aueth,
aunooieaiee ia ia?ii?eyoeyo ?acee/iiai o?iaiy, a eioi?uo
ni?eaioe?iaaoueny iiae/an auaaao neiaeii. Oae i/aiue iiiai eo auoei ca
ia?eiae iaoiaeaeaiey o aeanoe Ai?aa/aaa.
Ai-aoi?uo, ai?aa/aaneee ia?eiae a iaoae enoi?ee aue n?aaieoaeueii ia
aeaaii, /oi ia iicaieeei iiea o/aiui aieiaoaeueii eco/eoue aai e
ecaea/ue eaeea-oi o?iee. Oioy oaea e nae/an eiaaony ia?iiiia eiee/anoai
eiea, iinayuaiiuo oiio a?aiaie. Oae, Ae.Aieeiaiiia, ?aaioay a aeaeeioaea
aia?eeaineiai eiia?anna a 1994 a., iaia?oaeee aieaa aeaoonio iyoeaeanyoe
aeinoaoi/ii e?oiiuo ?aaio (eiea) i Ai?aa/aaa. Iaeiaei aieueoeinoai
ca?oaaaeiuo e ioa/anoaaiiuo ?aaio i Ieoaee Na?aaaae/a e aai iieeoeea
iiaa?oiinoiu, /oi ia iicaieyao n/eoaoue eo ooiaeaiaioaeueiuie ?aaioaie
eae i naiii Ai?aa/aaa, oae e i i?ioeannao, eioi?ua i?ioiaeeee a
Niaaoneii Nithca ai aoi?ie iieiaeia 80-o aa.
A-o?aoueeo, ii iao nia?aiaiiee e i?iaeieaeaao o/anoaiaaoue a
iieeoe/aneie aeecie ?innee, niaa?oaiii ene?aiia n/eoay, /oi a?aiy aai
caacaeiiai /ana aua ia i?eoei.
Eoae, /oi aea oieeioei iiaiai Aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y ?acei iiaa?iooue
?oeue aiaoiae iieeoeee NNN??
?aena Iaeneiiaia Ai?aa/aaa, aeaia Ieoaee Na?aaaae/a Ai?aa/aaa,
aniiieiaao, /oi 10 ia?oa, a aeaiue nia?oe E.O. *a?iaiei, eiaaea aa
noi?oa aa?ioeny iicaeii aeiiie, ii ?aciuoeye aneoo: “Neieueei eao
?aaioae ia Noaa?iiieuea. Naaeueiie aiae ?aaiou caeanue, a Iineaa. A
?aaeeciaaoue /oi-eeai e?oiiia, ianooaaiia, iac?aaoaa — iaaiciiaeii.
Eae aoaeoi noaia. A aeeciue o?aaoao, e aeaaii. Iao, o a e ae e o ue i
a e ue c y.” ( Auea ee oaeay enoi?ey eee iao — yoi oaea ia aaaeii,
aeaaiia oi, /oi auei iiiyoii — ii-noa?iio aeeoue auei iaeuecy.
Auaoea iiiiuieee Ai?aa/aaa aniiieiatho, /oi eiioeuenaie iiaie aiaoiae
iieeoeee iineoaeeee aioo?aiiea i?iaeaiu niaaoneiai ainoaea?noaa, n
eioi?uie iii ino?i noieeioeinue a na?aaeeia 80-o aa., a oaeaea
aiaoiaiieeoe/aneia iieiaeaiea NNN?. No?aia auea a ooieea. Nouanoaiaae
oeaeue ?yae o?aaothueo iaioeiaeiiai ?aoaiey aii?inia. Niaaoneee Nithc
oaeoe/anee ieacaeny a ecieyoeee. Ianoiyueo nithcieeia ia auei. IAAe ia
90% ninoiye ec niaaoneeo aii?oaeaiiuo nee. E naiui aa?iui nithcieeai
Niaaoneiai Nithca oiai a?aiaie iiaeii ioianoe Eoao, AAe?, Aueaoiai, ii
eo iioaioeeae aue ia?aie/ai. NNN? aue aoyioo a aieio a Aoaaienoaia, eiae
neiaeiua ioiioaiey n EI?, auei iiiai ia?aoaiiuo aii?inia e a
niaaonei-yiiineeo ioiioaieyo.
A oi?ie?iaaiee naiae iieeoeee (e aioo?aiiae, e aiaoiae) Ai?aa/aa iioae,
eae e naienoaaiii ?onneiio iaoeeiiaeueiiio oa?aeoa?o ii ?aaiethoeeiiiiio
eee oi?ne?iaaiiiio iooe. Iiiiuiee Ai?aa/aaa A.N.*a?iyaaa ieoao a naieo
iaioa?ao, /oi aia?aua eaoii 1986 a., Aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue i?eoae e
auaiaeo i iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?aaiethoeee a no?aia: “Ia?ano?ieea — yoi
?aaiethoeey. ?aaiethoeey a oiao, i?iecaiaenoaa, a i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
neeao, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ioiioaieyo, ai anae iaaeno?ieea, ai anai.”** E
aio aua: “A?aiy ia?aeiiiia. I?aaenoieo ia?iiiay ia?ano?ieea ai anao
noa?ao.”***
Ia?aiaiai Niaaoneee Nithc aue e iiaeaea?aeaieai ia?eoaoa n NOA, ia /oi
ooiaeeei ieiei 40% anao ia?iaeiuo ?ano?nia. Yeiiiieea no?aiu auea
iaeiyooaeoeaiie, aeaiaa aeey eiieo?aioeee n neeueiuie niia?ieeaie ia
oaaoaei. E 1983 a. noaei auyaeyoueny, /oi NNN? i?iea?uaaao ni?aaiiaaiea
n ?acaeouie eaieoaeenoe/aneeie no?aiaie. Aio eae nai Ai?aa/aa ioeaiee
neooaoeeth ia iaeiii cae?uoii niaauaiee ioaaonoaaiiuo ?aaioieeia a iaa
1986 a.: “Iu i?iaeaaaee iaooue e aac, ae?oaia nu?uea, eioi?ia ?aaee o
ian ec ?oe. Oaia?ue neooaoeey eciaieeanue, eae au ciaaoa, e aioo?e e aia
— ia a iaoo iieueco.”****
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi aua aei ciaiaieoiai Ai?aeueneiai Ieaioia,
aaeenue i?eia?iua ?acaiai?u i aoaeouae ainoi/iie iieeoeee Niaaoneiai
Nithca. Oae, *a?iyaaa a naiae eieaa “Oanoue eao n Ai?aa/aaui.”
aini?iecaiaeeo yieciae, eiaaea A?aaoia iieacuaae aio caienee, eioi?ua ii
iinueae I.N.Ai?aa/aao. Ii ainoi/iie iieeoeea oai auee neaaeothuea
i?aaeeiaeaiey: eae iiaeii nei?aa iaeaaeeoue ioiioaiey n Eeoaai, ssiiiee
ioaeaoue aeaa eee /aou?a ino?iaa e n?i/ii ?aoeoue aoaaineoth i?iaeaio.
Ai?aa/aa ioeeeeioeny oieueei ia aii?in naycaiiue n Aoaaienoaiii e
neacae, /oi oaea iaaeoiuaaao aai, e, eae auynieeinue iioii, oaea aeae
naiaio iiiiuieeo A.I.Aeaenaiae?iao-Aaaioiao niioaaonoaothuea ii?o/aiey.*
Oaeei ia?acii, e na?aaeeia 80-o aiaeia aeey ?aaeenoe/ii iuneyueo
iieeoeeia a NNN? iaicia/eeanue i?inoay enoeia: anee ia iaeoe
oaaaeeoaeueiuo ioaaoia ia auciau neiaeiiai ia?aeiiiiai a?aiaie
iineaaeieo aeanyoeeaoee OO noieaoey, cao?aaeaathuea ooiaeaiaioaeueiua
iniiau /aeiaa/aneiai auoey — aoaeue oi a yeiiiie/aneie, iieeoe/aneie,
aoiaieoa?iie eee ethaie ae?oaie noa?a iaoa?eaeueiie e aeooiaiie aeecie,
— iiaeao ieacaoueny ia iai/eia ie?iaie oeeaeeecaoeee. A yoie nayce
ia?aae niaaoneei ?oeiaiaenoaii anoaea iauaeoeaiay caaea/a: enoiaey ia ec
oiic?eoaeueiuo noai, a ec ?aaeueiuo iaua/aeiaa/aneeo i?ei?eoaoia e
oeaiiinoae, i?iecaanoe ei?aiiie ia?aniio? oianeaaeiaaiiuo io i?ioeiai
noa?aioeiiuo onoaiiaie e aeaenoaee, ioi?aaiiuo io aeecie, ia
niioaaonoaothueo eioa?anai no?aiu. Eia/a aiai?y, ioaeii auei ioeacaoueny
io anaai oiai, /oi caaiaeeei a caaaaeiii ooieeiaua neooaoeee ia
ia?aaiai?ao, iaoaei ineaaeaieth iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iai?yaeaiiinoe,
ii?iaeueiiio iaaeainoaea?noaaiiiio nio?oaeie/anoao, oiaiueoaieth aiaiiie
oa?icu. Eo?n Ai?aa/aaa iai?aaeaiiue ia ia?ano?ieeo e aiaae?aiea iiaiai
iieeoe/aneiai iuoeaiey i?eaae e ea?aeeiaeueiiio eciaiaieth
aiaoiaiieeoe/aneie i?eaioaoeee no?aiu e ieacae neeueiia aicaeaenoaea ia
i?aia?aciaaiea anae ie?iaie nenoaiu iaaeainoaea?noaaiiuo ioiioaiee ia
caaa?oathuai yoaia “oieiaeiie aieiu”.
Aeaa II. OI?IE?IAAIEA IIAIE AIAOIAIIEEOE*ANEIE AeIEO?EIU NNN?
Oi/eie ion/aoa a oi?ie?iaaiee iiaie iiceoeee Niaaoneiai Nithca ii
aii?inai ainoi/iie iieeoeee noae Ai?aeueneee Ieaioi, eioi?ue ninoiyeny
23 ai?aey 1985 a. Ia yoii Ieaioia iaicia/eeanue iiceoeey niaaoneiai
?oeiaiaenoaa a ioiioaiee Eeoay: “Oeaeaono?aieaiii e ianoie/eai
Niaaoneee Nithc aoaeao oe?aieyoue acaeiinayce e ?acaeaaoue
nio?oaeie/anoai n ae?oaeie nioeeaeenoe/aneeie no?aiaie, a oii /enea n
Eeoaeneie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeeie”.* Ai?aeueneee Ieaioi
i?iaeaiiino?e?iaae, /oi niaaoneia ?oeiaiaenoai anoaei ia iooue eciaiaiey
ia oieueei naiae aioo?aiiae, ii e aiaoiae iieeoee.
Aeey aiieiuaiey a aeeciue iiauo eaeae Ai?aa/aao ioaeiu auee e iiaua,
yia?ae/iua ethaee, eioi?ua auee au aioiau eaeoe aia?aae ii iooe ?aoi?i.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi aeey iineaaeieo eao i?aaeaiey i?aaeoanoaaiieeia
Ai?aa/aaa — A?aaeiaaa, Aiae?iiiaa e *a?iaiei — auee oa?aeoa?iu
canoueinoue, iia?oaaiea a eaae?iaie ie?aieaea aeanoe. Aaeaa i?eeaey a
aeaaiue eaaeiao Ia?oee, Ai?aa/aa noae iinoaiaiii iiaeae?aoue eiiaiaeo
“iiae naay”.
Ii iiieiae, /oi a iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iieeoeea no?aiu o?oaeii iaeeaeaoue
iiceoeaiuo ia?aiai, iiea aiaoiaiieeoe/aneia aaaeiinoai aicaeaaeyao
iiuoiue, ii /?acau/aeii eiina?aaoeaiue aeeieiiao noa?ie noaeeineie
oeieu A.A. A?iiuei. Oae, ia canaaeaiee Iieeoath?i 29 ethiy 1985 a.
Ai?aa/aa i?aaeeiaeee auaeaeiooue A?iiuei I?aaenaaeaoaeai I?aceaeeoia
Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN?. Iioii noae ?aoaoueny aii?in i iiaii ieieno?a.
Aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue oiaaea neacae: “Oaia?ue anoaao aii?in: eiai
auaeaeiooue ieieno?ii eiino?aiiuo aeae. Iai ia iaeoe aoi?iai A?iiuei n
aai iiuoii, ciaieai i?iaeai aiaoiae iieeoeee. Ii aaaeue e nai Aiae?ae
Aiae?aaae/ eiaaea-oi ia/eiae naie iooue a aeeieiiaoee ia n oaeei iiuoii
e ciaieyie, eaeea eiaao nae/an. Ia Oaaa?aineie eiioa?aioeee ii, eiia/ii,
aue ia oaeei, eae iuia…
Eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo aeeieiiaoia o ian iiiai. Iiuoiue ?aaioiee Ei?ieaiei.
Iineaaaa Iaeueoeaa. Eae ia ia?oeeiie, oae e ia aeeieiiaoe/aneie ?aaioa
aue *a?aiiaiei. A iiea c?aiey — Aeia?uiei. E ana-oaee iunee o ian
iioee a ae?oaii iai?aaeaiee. Ia iino ieieno?a ioaeia e?oiiay oeao?a,
/aeiaae ec iaoaai n aaie ninoaaa…”** E Ai?aa/aa i?aaeeiaeee
eaiaeeaeaoo?o Y.A.Oaaa?iaaeca. Eae auei caaaaeaii n Aainaeii ieeoi
nii?eoue ia e aai eaiaeeaeaoo?a auei aaeeiiaeanii ooaa?aeaeaia.
Y.A.Oaaa?iaaeca ia caieiaeny aei yoiai aii?inaie aiaoiae iieeoeee, e
iiyoiio iacia/aiea ia aeieaeiinoue ieieno?a eiino?aiiuo aeae, ii aai
neiaai, auei aeey iaai iieiie iaiaeeaeaiiinoueth. N 1 ethey 1985 a. ii
16 yiaa?y 1991 a. ii aue a yoie aeieaeiinoe iyoue eao e oanoue n
iieiaeiie ianyoeaa, o. a. ii/oe anth ia?ano?ieeo. A naiae eieaa “Iie
auai?” Yaeoa?ae Oaaa?iaaeca oae iienuaaao naie ia?aue ?aai/ee aeaiue e
ano?a/o n caianoeoaeyie ieieno?a eiino?aiiuo aeae ia Niieaineie
ieiuaaee: “…iieiaeaiea o iaiy — ooaea ia i?eaeoiaaoue. Oaeeaeoue
aan iiciaieyie ai aiaoiae iieeoeee ia iiao. Iiao eeoue iaauaoue, /oi
aoaeo ?aaioaoue oae, /oiau iia ia auei nouaeii ia?aae aaie, a aai — ca
iaiy. E ana-oaee, ia oaa?ai, /oi ec yoiai /oi-ieaoaeue iieo/eony. Iia
i?eaeaony iniaaiii o?oaeii ia oiia aaoi?eoaoa Aiae?ay Aiae?aaae/a
A?iiuei e oiai ianeaaeey, eioi?ia ii inoaaee. *oi y ii n?aaiaieth n iei,
e?aena?ii ie?iaie iieeoeee? Anaai eeoue eiaeea. Ii — n iioi?ii”.***
Aio oaeoth oa?aeoa?enoeeo aeae naaa iiaue ieieno?.
A i?aaeaeaa?ee iiai?ioiiai OOVII nuacaea EINN, a ia?eiae aai
i?aeoe/aneie iiaeaioiaee 15 yiaa?y 1986 a. auei iioaeeeiaaii Cayaeaiea
Aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y OeE EINN, a eioi?ii auea auaeaeiooa eiie?aoiay,
?ann/eoaiiay ia oi/ii ii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie — aei eiioea iuiaoiaai
noieaoey — i?ia?aiia ia?ii?eyoee, iai?aaeaiiuo ia iieioth e
iianaianoioth eeeaeaeaoeeth yaea?iiai e ae?oaeo aeaeia i?oaeey ianniaiai
ii?aaeaiey. Yoa aeoeey Ai?aa/aaa, n iaeiie noi?iiu, iiauneea eioa?an
ca?oaaaeiuo no?ai e i?ioeannai, eioi?ua noaee i?ienoiaeeoue a NNN?, e, n
ae?oaie, — ooaa?aeee Ai?aa/aaa eae iieeoeea.
Ia ninoiyaoainy a oaa?aea-ia?oa 1986 a. OOVII nuacaea EINN auea i?eiyoa
iiaay oeeinioey aiaoiae iieeoeee Niaaoneiai Nithca.
Aeaaiie aiaoiaiieeoe/aneie oeaeueth ia nuacaea auea iacaaia oeaeue
iaania/aiey niaaoneiio ia?iaeo aiciiaeiinoe o?oaeeoueny a oneiaeyo
i?i/iiai ie?a e naiaiaeu. Auiieiaiea yoie oeaee, ii iiaieth
?oeiaiaenoaa, eaaeaei a i?ae?auaiee iiaeaioiaee e yaea?iie aieia,
ai?ueaa i?ioea aiiee aii?oaeaiey e nio?aiaiea e oe?aieaiea anaiauaai
ie?a.
?aoaiey OOVII nuacaea auoaeaee ec oa?aeoa?enoeee nia?aiaiiiai ie?a: 1)
oa?aeoa? iuiaoiaai i?oaeey ia inoaaeyao ie iaeiiio ainoaea?noao oainia
caueoeoue naay; 2) aaciianiinoue iiaeao auoue oieueei anaiauae e 3) ie?
iaoiaeeony a i?ioeanna no?aieoaeueiuo ia?aiai.
Ia nuacaea auei ?aoaii, /oi oeaio?aeueiui iai?aaeaieai aiaoiae iieeoeee
NNN? ia i?aaenoiyuea aiaeu aeieaeia noaoue ai?ueaa ca ?aaeecaoeeth
auaeaeiooie a Cayaeaiee Aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y OeE EINN io 15 yiaa?y
1986 a. i?ia?aiia oie/oiaeaiey i?oaeey ianniaiai eno?aaeaiey e
i?aaeioa?auaiea aiaiiie iianiinoe.
“Iao aeeciaiiue, iaoeeiiaeueiue eioa?an a oii, /oiau ni anaie
nii?aaeaeueiiuie ainoaea?noaaie o NNN? auee iaeciaiii aeia?ua e ie?iua
ioiioaiey”,— auei cayaeaii ia nuacaea.*
A iiaie ?aaeaeoeee i?ia?aiiu EINN iu /eoaai, /oi NNN? aunooiaao ca
iiaeaea?aeaiea e ?acaeoea ioiioaiee n eaieoaeenoe/aneeie ainoaea?noaaie
ia iniiaa ie?iiai ninouanoaiaaiey.
OOVII nuacae ia aue iioiae ia i?aaeoanoaothuea nuacaeu e yaeeny
i?ia?anneaiui yaeaieai eae ai aioo?aiiae, oae e ai aiaoiae iieeoeeao, ii
aianoa n oai inoaaaeinue e iiiai onoa?aaoeo eiiioienoe/aneeo aeiai,
eioi?ua iaoaee ?acaeoeth aiaoiae iieeoeee NNN?. Oae, iai?eia?,
inoaaaeanue onoa?aaoay oi?ioee?iaea: “ie?iia ninouanoaiaaiea ainoaea?noa
n ?acee/iui iauanoaaiiui no?iai yaeyaony niaoeeoe/aneie oi?iie eeanniaie
ai?ueau” (yoa oi?ioee?iaea auea ecuyoa ec iai?ioa a 1988 a.). “Oi?ia
eeanniaie ai?ueau” iaecaaaeii aeaeea ca niaie acaeyae ia ie? eae ia iiea
ia?iaiaioiie ai?ueau nenoai, eaaa?ae, aeieia.
Noa?aoue ec oiia ethaeae yoio ia?ac — iaeia ec naiuo aeaaiuo caaea/ a
oneiaeyo ie?iiai ?acaeoey, eiaaea anoatho oaeea oa?icu /aeiaa/anoao,
eioi?ua a?icyo aio iieiie aeaaeueth, — oa?iiyaea?iay aieia,
yeieiae/aneay eaoano?ioa, ?acaae ie?ioicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu.
Aeey yoiai iaaei auei aeaoue ciae, /oi a?aiy a?aaeaeu e iaaeiaa?ey
caeii/eeinue e anoue aeaenoaeoaeueii aeinoieiua i?eaioe?u eiinieeaeaoeee
ai eiy auaeeaaiey.
Oacen i /aeiaa/aneie aeecie eae aunoae oeaee iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey,
i?icao/aaoee a aeieeaaea Ai?aa/aaa ia nuacaea, aiineaaenoaee aue
?acaa?ioo a eiia?aoeaioth eaoaai?eth i?ei?eoaoa iaua/aeiaa/aneeo
oeaiiinoae.
Iaania/aiea aaciianiinoe e ?aoaiea anao nii?iuo aii?inia eneeth/eoaeueii
iieeoe/aneeie n?aaenoaaie, eiuie neiaaie — eiinoaoaoeey aeaaainoaa
neeu iieeoeee iaae iieeoeeie neeu.
E?aeia aaaeiue eae n oai?aoe/aneie, oae e n i?aeoe/aneie oi/ae c?aiey
auaiae ia nuacaea i oii, /oi aaciianiinoue — iaaeaeeia: a
aeaonoi?iiieo ioiioaieyo iia iiaeao auoue oieueei acaeiiie, a a
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo iia iiaeao auoue oieueei anaiauae.
Ianiiiaiii, /oi yoi aue oaa aia?aae a aeieo?eiaeueiie iniiaa aiaoiae
iieeoeee Niaaoneiai Nithca, ii a oeaeii nuacae iia auoue ?anniio?ai eae
i/a?aaeiie i?iiaaaiaeenoneee oiae niaaoneiai ?oeiaiaenoaa, iiyoiio a
aeaeueiaeoeo aiaoiaiieeoe/aneeo aeieoiaioao niaaoneay noi?iia
i?aaeeaaaea niaa?oaiii eiie?aoiua aeaenoaey aeey aeinoeaeaiey oao
oeaeae, eioi?ua auee caoeene?iaaiu a nuacaeianeeo aeieoiaioao.
Aiai?y a iauai i OOVII nuacaea, iiaeii auyaeoue i?eaioe?u, eioi?ua
iieo/eei ieienoa?noai eiino?aiiuo aeae aeey i?iaaaeaiey ainoi/iie
iieeoeee Niaaoneiai Nithca. Ioeacaoueny io “ia?oauo”, aeanoei
oeene?iaaiiuo iiceoeee a iieueco ?acoiiuo acaeiii?eaieaiuo eiii?iiennia.
Aanoe ia?aaiai?u e aaeaino eioa?ania. ?acaeiee?iaaoue ?aaeiiaeueiua
eiioeeeoiua neooaoeee. Ii?iaeeciaaoue ioiioaiey ni no?aiaie, n eioi?uie
o NNN? auee neiaeiua ioiioaiey. No?ieoue ioiioaiey n ninaaeyie ia iniiaa
oaaaeaiey eo eioa?ania, i?eioeeia iaaiaoaoaeuenoaa a eo aioo?aiiea
aeaea.
Ana yoi aeieaeii auei aiieioeoueny a i?aeoe/aneie iieeoeea.
Iinea nuacaea 28 iay 1986 a. auei i?iaaaeaii cae?uoia niaauaiea
ioaaonoaaiiuo ?aaioieeia IEAe n o/anoeai iineia, ia eioi?ii aunooiee
Ai?aa/aa. Ia iniiaa OOVII nuacaea ii naeaeae auaiaeu i oii, /oi ie?
yaeyaony auni/aeoae oeaiiinoueth. ssaea?ioth aieio auea?aoue iaeuecy.
Aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue cayaee, /oi ioaeia aiaoiaiieeoe/aneay
aeoeaiinoue ai anao iai?aaeaieyo. Eeth/aauie iai?aaeaieyie a Acee
Ai?aa/aaui auee iacaaiu ssiiiey, Eeoae, THai-Ainoi/iay Acey, Eiaeiiacey,
Aano?aeey, Iiaay Caeaiaeey.**
Aeey oiai, /oiau iieacaoue aeaeueiaeooth i?eaa?aeaiiinoue Niaaoneiai
Nithca eaeoe aeaeueoa ii iooe aeeaeiaa e i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue
i?eaa?aeaiiinoue aiieiuaiey iiaiai iieeoe/aneiai iuoeaiey a ainoi/iie
iieeoeee no?aiu, 28 ethey 1986 a. I.N.Ai?aa/aa aunooiee ni ciaiaieoie
?a/ueth ai Aeaaeeainoiea.
Niaaoneee eeaea? cayaee, /oi noa?ay noaia iiaeoiaea NNN? e ainoi/iie
iieeoeea aeieaeia auoue caiaiaia ia iiaoth. Auea iaicia/aia iiceoeey
Niaaoneiai Nithca a ioiioaiee EI? e ssiiiee (i eioi?ie aoaeao neacaii
aieaa iiae?iaii a neaaeothueo aeaaao ?aoa?aoa), i?icao/aee neiaa e a
ioiioaiee Aoaaienoaia.*
Aeaaiua i?aaeeiaeaiey niaaoneie noi?iiu a Acee caeeth/aeenue a
neaaeothuai:
Ai-ia?auo, Niaaoneee Nithc au?acee naith ?aoeiinoue a ?aaeiiaeueiii
o?aaoee?iaaiee a Aoaaienoaia, THai-Ainoi/iie Acee e Eaiio/ee. Ii
ioiaoee, /oi iiiai caaeneo io ii?iaeecaoeee eeoaenei-aueaoiaineeo
ioiioaiee.
Ai-aoi?uo, NNN? aunooiee ca i?ae?auaiea ?ani?ino?aiaiey e ia?aueaaiey
yaea?iiai i?oaeey a Acee e ia Oeoii ieaaia.
A-o?aoueeo, Ai?aa/aa cayaee, /oi niaaoneay noi?iia aunooiaao ca ia/aei
ia?aaiai?ia i nie?auaiee aiaiiuo oeioia e ca aiciaiiaeaiea ia?aaiai?ia
ii i?aa?auaieth Eiaeeeneiai ieaaia a ciio ie?a. Oae aea auei
i?aaeeiaeaii Niaaeeiaiiui Ooaoai ioeacaoueny io aiaiiiai i?enoonoaey ia
Oeeeiieiao a iaiai ia onooiee Niaaoneiai Nithca.
A-/aoaa?ouo, Niaaoneee Nithc aue ca nie?auaiea aii?oaeaiiuo nee e
iau/iuo aii?oaeaiee a Acee aei i?aaeaeia ?acoiiie aeinoaoi/iinoe.
A-iyouo, niaaoneee eeaea? cayaee, /oi i?eoei a?aiy i?iaanoe ia?aaiai?u
ii ianoaeaeaieth ia? aeiaa?ey e iai?eiaiaiey neeu a ?aaeiia.
A naioya?a 1988a. a E?aniiy?nea i?icao/aee iiaua i?aaeeiaeaiey niaaoneie
noi?iiu. Oiaaea NNN? ioeacaeny io ia?aueaaiey yaea?iiai i?oaeey a AO? e
i?ecaae iineaaeiaaoue oaeiio aea i?eia?o NOA e ae?. yaea?iui aea?aeaaai.
Niaaoneee Nithc i?aaeeaaae i?iaanoe eiinoeueoaoeeyi iaaeaeo iniiaiuie
aiaiii-ii?neeie aea?aeaaaie i iaia?aueaaiee caeanue aiaiii-ii?neeo nee e
ianoaeeoue ia iiiainoi?iiiae iniiaa aii?in i nieaeaiee aiaiiiai
i?ioeainoiyiey a ?aeiia, aaea naeeaeathony iiaa?aaeuey NNN?, EI?,
ssiiiee, EIAe? e THaeiie Ei?ae. Aiiaue i?icao/aei i?aaeeiaeaiea i oii,
/oi anee NOA ioeaaeaony io naieo aiaiiuo aac ia Oeeeiieiao, oi NNN? – io
aacu a aoooa Eii?aiue. Niaaoneee ?oeiaiaeeoaeue aunooiee ca
aaciianiinoue ii?neeo eiiioieeaoeee e i?aaeeiaeee ia iicaeiaa 1990a.
i?iaanoe iaaeaeoia?iaeioth eiioa?aioeeth i i?aa?auaiee Eiaeeeneiai
ieaaia a ciio ie?a. A caeeth/aiee naiae ?a/e a E?aniiy?nea I.N.Ai?aa/aa
niiauee, /oi Niaaoneee Nithc aioia ia ethaii o?iaia, a ethaii ninoaaa
ianoaeeoue aii?in i nicaeaiee ia?aaiai?iiai iaoaiecia aeey ?anniio?aiey
i?aaeeiaeaiee, ioiinyueony e aaciianiinoe a AO?.
Oaeei ia?acii, ainoi/iay iieeoeea Ai?aa/aaa iaoea naia io?aaeaiea a
auoaneacaiiuo aeieoiaioao. I oii, eae aiieiuaeanue niaea?aeaiea yoeo
aeieoiaioia ia i?aeoeea a ainoi/iie iieeoeea NNN? a ioiioaiee
Aoaaienoaia, Eeoay e ssiiiee ?a/ue aeaeaa.
Aeaaa III. O?AAOEE?IAAIEA AOAAINEIAI EIIOEEEOA
Oaea e 1981 a., ii naeaeaoaeuenoaai A.I.Ei?ieaiei*, aieueoeinoai
?aaeenoe/ii iuneyueo niaaoneeo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae iiiyee, /oi a Aoaaienoaia
ia iiaeao auoue aiaiiiai ?aoaiey. Iieeoath?i inaiueth 1981 a. iaeia?eei
i?aaeeiaeaiea, iiaeaioiaeaiiia ii eieoeeaoeaa IEAea, ia i?aaiecaoeee
aeeieiiaoe/aneiai i?ioeanna, iai?aaeaiiiai ia oaeia o?aaoee?iaaiea
neooaoeee aie?oa Aoaaienoaia, eioi?ia iicaieeei au auaanoe niaaoneea
aienea ec yoie no?aiu.
Nooue caiunea caeeth/aeanue a oii, /oiau i?aaieciaaoue iiae yaeaeie III
iai?yiua ia?aaiai?u iaaeaeo i?aaeoaeuenoaaie Aoaaienoaia e Iaeenoaia, ia
oa??eoi?ee eioi?iai aace?iaaeenue e aii?oaeaeenue iniiaiua
iiiiceoeeiiiua eaaoeueneiio ?aaeeio neeu. ?an/ao aeaeaeny ia oi, /oi
anee a ?acoeueoaoa aoaainei-iaeenoaineeo ia?aaiai?ia oaeanony ia?ae?uoue
iniiaiie eaiae iiiiue ecaia aoaaineei iiaeaeaoaaeai, oi Eaaoe nai
ni?aaeoueny n ieie, a niaaoneea aienea niiaoo iieeiooue no?aio.
Iaeiaei, ia?aaiai?iue i?ioeann oae ayei, o. e. o niaaoneiai ?oeiaiaenoaa
ieii/aoaeueiiai ?aoaiey ioiineoaeueii n?ieia, oneiaee e ii?yaeea auaiaea
niaaoneeo aiene ec Aoaaienoaia ia auei. A a Aaoeiaoiia a oo ii?o
i?aiaeaaeathuei aeeyieai iieueciaaeenue oa eoi n/eoae auaiaeiui aeey
Caiaaea iieiaeaiea, eiaaea Niaaoneee Nithc oayc a Aoaaienoaia, /oi
iiae?uaaei aai iiceoeee a “o?aoueai ie?a” e aai iaaeaeoia?iaeiua
iiceoeee a oeaeii.
Iaaeaeo oai i?eoaaeoaa a ia?oa 1985 a. e oi?aaeaieth ainoaea?noaii
iiaia niaaoneia ?oeiaiaenoai ia/aei ana aieueoa iniciaaaoue, /oi
aeaeueiaeoaa o/anoea niaaoneeo aiene a aieia a Aoaaienoaia ia oieueei
aanniuneaiii, ii e aii?aeueii e, e?iia iaii?aaaeaiiuo /aeiaa/aneeo e
iaoa?eaeueiuo aea?oa e aeaeueiaeoaai iaaeaiey iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
i?anoeaea, ie/aai Niaaoneiio Nithco ia i?eiineo.
Eae oieueei Ai?aa/aa iinea nia?oe *a?iaiei noae iiaui Aaia?aeueiui
nae?aoa?ai, a OeE e a “I?aaaeo” iioae iioie ienai n i?inueaie auaanoe
niaaoneea aienea ec Aoaaienoaia. Ienaee aieueoa aeaiueiu, auee ienueia e
io aiaiiineoaeaueo, eioi?ua ia iiieiaee, /oi ca “eioa?iaoeeiiaeueiue
aeiea” iie auiieiyee. Ii aiai?eoue oiaaea i ?aoaiee aoaaineie i?iaeaiu a
oi a?aiy auei i?aaeaeaa?aiaiii. Oioy oaeay aeoeey nicaeaea au Ai?aa/aao
ii?aeueaii-iieeoe/aneoth ieaooi?io, n eioi?ie au ii niia oaa?aiii
aeaeaaoueny aeaeueoa.
Aia?aua Ai?aa/aa i?aaeeiaeee ianoaeeoue aii?in n Aoaaienoaiii 17
ieoya?y 1985 a. ia canaaeaiee Iieeoath?i. Ii, e niaeaeaieth, ieeaeiai
?aoaiey i?eiyoi ia auei. Aeaaiay i?iaeaia, iaoaaoay ?aoaieth yoie
iaaieaaoae i?iaeaiu, caeeth/aeanue a oii, /oi a Iieeoath?i ia auei
aaeeiiai iiaiey eaeei NNN? oioae inoaaeoue Aoaaienoai iinea auaiaea
aiene.
I?e aeiaieueii aieueoiio ?aca?ina iiaiee ii eiie?aoiui aeaoaeyi aii?ina
i aoaeouai Aoaaienoaia nouanoaiaaee aeaa i?eioeeieaeueii ?acee/iua oi/ee
c?aiey a iiaeoiaea e yoiio aii?ino.
Iaeio oi/eo c?aiey ionoaeaaee ia canaaeaieyo Eiiennee Iieeoath?i ii
Aoaaienoaio e a naiii Iieeoath?i ia?oae N.O.Ao?iiaaa e A.I.Ei?ieaiei.
Iie n/eoaee, /oi ?ann/eouaaoue ia oi, /oi IAeIA niiaeao inoaoueny o
aeanoe iinea auaiaea niaaoneeo aiene ec no?aiu — ia ?aaeueii.
Iaeneioi, ia /oi iiaeii auei iaaeayoueny oae yoi ia oi, /oiau IAeIA
caiyea caeiiiia, ii aanueia ne?iiiia ianoi a iiaii ?aaeeia. Aeey yoiai
iia aeieaeia auea aua aei auaiaea niaaoneeo aiene aeia?iaieueii
onooieoue aieueooth /anoue naiae aeanoe ae?oaei a?oiie?iaeai, nicaeaa
eiaeeoeeiiiia i?aaeoaeuenoai.
I?ioeaiiieiaeioth oi/eo c?aiey i?aaenoaaeyee i?aaeaea anaai
Y.A.Oaaa?iaaeca e ia?aue caianoeoaeue i?aaenaaeaoaey EAA A.A. E?th/eia.
Iie enoiaeeee ec oaaaeaeaiey a oii, /oi e iinea auaiaea niaaoneeo aiene
IAeIA niiaeao anee e ia nio?aieoue anth iieiioo aeanoe, oi, ai anyeii
neo/aa, ea?aoue ii?aaeaeythuoth ?ieue iiaii ?aaeeia. Ia i?aeoeea iie
iuoaeenue nicaeaoue “caian i?i/iinoe” aeey IAeIA, i?aaeaea /ai aoaeoo
auaaaeaiu niaaoneea aienea.
Ai?aa/aa aea ni naiae noi?iiu a yoii ea?aeeiaeueiii aii?ina iuoaeny
eaae?iaaoue iaaeaeo aeaoiy a?oiiaie i?e yoii aeaaay iieioth naiaiaeo
aeaenoaey oaiaeaio Oaaa?iaaeca- E?th/eia.
Ii ?aoaoue aii?in Aoaaienoaiii iaaei auei eae iiaeii nei?aa. Ii iaoae
?acaeoeth aeiaa?ey e iiaiio aiaoiaiieeoe/aneiio eo?no Niaaoneiai Nithca,
onoaiiaeaieth ae?oaeaneeo ioiioaiee n Eeoaai e o.ae.
Ii iiaieth ?yaea enoi?eeia e iieeoe/aneeo aeayoaeae oiai a?aiaie, anee
au Aainae i?iyaee ?aoeoaeueiinoue a yoii aaaeiii aii?ina e cayaee, /oi
Niaaoneee Nithc ia/iao auaiaeeoue aiene ec Aoaaienoaia, oi iiiaea
aiaoiaiieeoe/aneea aii?inu ?acaeiee?iaaee auno?aa e iaiueoeie cao?aoaie,
aea e a ia?ano?ieea ana au iioei auno?aa e eo/oa.
Ioaeai aue, eae i?aaeeaaae Aeia?uiei, “aoaaineee ?aeeueyaee”. Aai ia
i?iecioei. A iiya?a 1986 a. yaii i?iaaeeaoaainy ii anai eeieyi A.
Ea?iaey ia iinoo ?oeiaiaeeoaey Aoaaienoaia niaiee I. Iaaeaeeaoeea. Ii
i?eeiaeee iaiaei oneeee, /oiau eae-oi iaeo?aeeciaaoue iineaaenoaey
a?oauo i?in/aoia ai aioo?aiiae e aiaoiae iieeoeea naiaai
i?aaeoanoaaiieea e iiiuoaoueny aeinoe/ue iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?eie?aiey a
no?aia. I?aaaea, a eiia/iii n/aoa Iaaeaeeaoeea aeinoe/ue yoiai ia
oaeaeinue.
Iinoaiaiii, n o?oaeii, ii niaaoneia i?aaeoaeuenoai i?iaeaeaaeinue ii
iooe ?acaycee aoaaineiai ocea. Ia OOVII nuacaea ana-oaee i?icao/aee
neiaa Ai?aa/aaa i auaiaea niaaoneeo aiene ec Aoaaienoaia: “Iu oioaee au,
/oiau oaea a naiii aeeceii aoaeouai aa?ioeenue ia ?iaeeio niaaoneea
aienea, iaoiaeyueany a Aoaaienoaia ii i?inueaa aai i?aaeoaeuenoaa”.*
A eiioea iay 1986 a. i?ioiaeeei cae?uoia niaauaiea ioaaonoaaiiuo
?aaioieeia IEAea n o/anoeai iineia. 28 iay ia iai aunooiee Ai?aa/aa. A
naiae ?a/e ii einioeny e aoaaineiai aii?ina: “Yoi i/aiue iaaieaaoee
aii?in. N?aaee iaoeo aiaoiaiieeoe/aneeo i?ei?eoaoia ii noieo n?aaee
ia?auo”.** Aeaeaa ii i?iaeieaeee, /oi niaaoneea aienea aeieai
inoaaaoueny oai ia iiaoo e iaiaoiaeeii aeiaeaaoueny i?ae?auaiey aiaiiie
iiiiue aeooiaiai, i?aaeaea anaai n oa??eoi?ee Iaeenoaia.
A aunooieaiee ai Aeaaeeainoiea a ethea 1986 a. I.N. Ai?aa/aa niiauee,
/oi niaaoneia ?oeiaiaenoai i?eiyei ?aoaiea i auaiaea ec Aoaaienoaia 6
iieeia aei eiioea 1986 a. I?e yoii auei cayaeaii: “…anee eioa?aaioeey
i?ioea Ae?A aoaeao i?iaeieaeaoueny, Niaaoneee Nithc ia inoaaeo ninaaea a
aaaea”.***
Eoae, ianooiee eiiaoe 1987 a., i?ioei oaea aeaa n iieiaeiie aiaea iinea
i?eoiaea e aeanoe Ai?aa/aaa, i?ioae aiae n aeaeaa?y 1986 a., eiaaea auei
?aoaii (e neacae ia yoii Iaaeaeeaoeea) auaanoe aienea a oa/aiee iaeneioi
iieoo?a-aeaoo eao. A eo auaiae aua e ia ia/eiaeny — ai iiiaii ii
oeacaiiui auoa i?e/eiai. Ii auea caeanue aua iaeia i?e/eia.
I?iaeaeaeaiea ia aoaaii-iaeenoaineeo ia?aaiai?ao a AEaiaaa ia?eiaee/anee
inoaiaaeeaaeenue oneeeyie Aaoeiaoiia. Iaeiaei, iinea ninoiyaoaeny a
aeaeaa?a 1987 a. a Aaoeiaoiia niaaonei- aia?eeaineie ano?a/e a aa?oao
oai iaeiiaoe aiciaeaaeaea oi/ea c?aiey a iieueco iiaeienaiey
Niaaeeiaiiuie Ooaoaie aeaiaaneeo niaeaoaiee ii Aoaaienoaio, n oai /oiau
iicaieeoue NNN? oeoe ec yoie no?aiu aac iioa?e eeoea.
Ai aoi?ie iieiaeia yiaa?y 1987 a. ia?aue caianoeoaeue ieieno?a
eiino?aiiuo aeae NNN? A.A. Eiaaeaa iinaoee Iaeenoai a ea/anoaa ee/iiai
i?aaenoaaeoaey Ai?aa/aaa. A aanaaeao n iaeenoaineei i?aceaeaioii auea
eceiaeaia iiceoeey Niaaoneiai Nithca, aunooieaoaai a iiaeaea?aeeo
i?ia?aiiu iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?eie?aiey a Ae?A. Auea aeinoeaiooa
aeiaiai?aiiinoue i oii, /oi eiioaeou a oeaeyo nei?aeoaai aeinoeaeaiey
o?aaoee?iaaiey aie?oa Aoaaienoaia iieeoe/aneeie n?aaenoaaie aoaeoo
i?iaeieaeaiu.
Anei?a, a oaa?aea 1987 a., aeaaaeaeu (a ia/aea ianyoea e a eiioea)
ninoiyeenue ia?aaiai?u ieieno?a eiino?aiiuo aeae Y.A. Oaaa?iaaeca n
ieieno?ii eiino?aiiuo aeae Iaeenoaia I. sseoa-oaiii. Oaaa?iaaeca
iiaeoaa?aeee iiceoeeth Niaaoneie noi?iiu i nei?aeoai auaiaea niaaoneeo
aiene, eae oieueei aoaeao aeinoeaiooi o?aaoee?iaaiea. Noi?iiu au?aceee
iiaeaea?aeeo oneeeyi ee/iiai i?aaenoaaeoaey aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y III
Ae. Ei?aeiaana, /a?ac eioi?iai aaeenue aoaaii-iaeenoaineea ia?aaiai?u a
AEaiaaa, e ioiaoeee eo aaaeiinoue.
Aieueoia cia/aiea eiaei ianoaeaeaiea ianoaiiaee aie?oa Aoaaienoaia ai
a?aiy aeceoa a Iineao a Na?aaeeia oaa?aey 1987 a. ieieno?a eiino?aiiuo
aeae Eneaineie ?anioaeeee E?ai A.A. Aaeayoe. I?aaenaaeaoaeue
I?aceaeeoia Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN? A.A. A?iiuei ia?aoee aieiaiea
e?aineiai ieieno?a ia oi, /oi n oa??eoi?ee E?aia inouanoaeyaony canueea
io?yaea iiiiceoeee, aaaeoueo aii?oaeaiioth ai?ueao i?ioea aoaaineiai
ia?iaea. “E?aineia ?oeiaiaenoai naeaeaei au aeia?ia aeaei, — ioiaoee
A.A. A?iiuei, — anee au iii niaeaenoaiaaei ?aoaieth aii?ina ia
ianoaiiaea aie?oa Aoaaienoaia iieeoe/aneeie n?aaenoaaie e eniieueciaaei
naia aeeyiea aeey oiai, /oiau aeiianoe aei aoaaioeaa, iaoiaeyueony ia
oa??eoi?ee E?aia, i?aaaeo i ?aoaiee i?aaeoaeuenoaa AeA? ii aii?ino i
iaoeeiiaeueiii i?eie?aiee”.****
Iinea aeieaeo aeaaaoia a Iieeoath?i iaaeaeo noi?iiieeaie ?acee/iuo iooae
?aoaiey aoaaineie i?iaeaiu, 8 oaa?aey 1988 a. Ai?aa/aa aunooiee n
cayaeaieai, eioi?ia aeaneei, /oi i?aaeoaeuenoaa NNN? e ?anioaeeee
Aoaaienoai aeiaiai?eeenue onoaiiaeoue eiie?aoioth aeaoo ia/aea auaiaea
niaaoneeo aiene — 15 iay 1988 a.
14 ai?aey 1988 a. a AEaiaaa auee iiaeienaiu iyoue iniiaiiieaaathueo
aeieoiaioia ii aii?inai iieeoe/aneiai o?aaoee?iaaiey aie?oa
Aoaaienoaia. Aeaiiua aeieoiaiou ia eanaeenue aioo?aiieo i?iaeai
Aoaaienoaia, eioi?ua auee ai?aaa ?aoaoue eeoue nai aoaaineee ia?iae.
Cia/aiea aeaiaaneeo niaeaoaiee caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi iie iinoaaeee
i?aa?aaeo aiaoiaio aiaoaoaeuenoao a aeaea Aoaaienoaia, aeaee oain naiei
aoaaioeai onoaiiaeoue ie? e niaeanea a naiae no?aia. Anooiea a neeo 15
iay 1988 a., yoe niaeaoaiey ?aaeaiaioe?iaaee i?ioeann auaiaea niaaoneeo
aiene e aeaeea?e?iaaee iaaeaeoia?iaeiua aa?aioee i iaaiaoaoaeuenoaa,
iaycaoaeuenoaa ii eioi?ui i?eiyee ia naay NNN? e NOA. 15 oaa?aey 1989
a., eae i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue aeaiaaneeie niaeaoaieyie, ec Aoaaienoaia
auee auaaaeaiu iineaaeiea niaaoneea aienea.
Oaeei ia?acii, auea iiaeaaaeaia /a?oa iiae yoie caoyaeiie aieiie, oioy
neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi e iinea auaiaea aiene aoaaineay oaia ia noiaeeea
n iiaanoee aeiy aiaoiae iieeoeee NNN?, o.e. ?aoaeny aii?in i oii, /oi
aeaeaoue n yoie no?aiie iinea auaiaea io ooaea aiene Niaaoneiai Nithca.
Iinea auaiaea niaaoneeo aiene ec Aoaaienoaia auei ono?aiaii iaeii ec
naiuo aaaeiuo i?aiyonoaee ia iooe ii?iaeecaoeee niaaonei-aoaaineeo
ioiioaiee.
Aeaaa IV. II?IAEECAOeEss NIAAONEI-EEOAENEEO IOIIOAIEE
Iiai?io e ia?aioeaiea iiceoeee Niaaoneiai Nithca e EI? i?iecioae aua aei
ia?ano?ieee Ai?aa/aaa. Aaniie 1982 a. a naie ?a/e a Oaoeaioa E.E.
A?aaeiaa i?eciae Eeoae nioeeaeenoe/aneie no?aiie e cayaee, /oi NNN? ia
i?aoaiaeoao ia oa??eoi?eth Eeoay, ia no?aieony e aa?annee. E?iia
auoaneacaiiiai a yoie ?a/e i?icao/aee neiaa, /oi NNN? ?anniao?eaaao
Oaeaaiue eneeth/eoaeueii /anoueth EI?.
Eeoaeneay noi?iia io?aaae?iaaea ia yoo ?a/ue aiaoia naea?aeaiii.
Nouanoaiaae ?yae i?iaeai, eioi?ua noiyee ia iooe ii?iaeecaoeee
niaaonei-eeoaeneeo ioiioaiee: iaee/ea niaaoneeo aiene a Aoaaienoaia e
Eaiaiaeaeee, nie?auaiea aiaiiiai i?enoonoaey ia niaaonei-eeoaeneie
a?aieoea e a Iiiaieee.
Oaea n?aco iinea i?eoiaea e aeanoe iiaue
Aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue EINN, I.N. Ai?aa/aaa, cayaee i oii, /oi NNN?
“oeaeaono?aieaiii e ianoie/eai aoaeao oe?aieyoue acaeiinayce e
?acaeaaoue nio?oaeie/anoai n ae?oaeie nioeeaeenoe/aneeie no?aiaie, a oii
/enea e n Eeoaeneie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeeie”.*
Iinea OOVII nuacaea ia cae?uoii niaauaiee ioaaonoaaiiuo ?aaioieeia IEAe
NNN?, eioi?ia i?iaiaeeeinue a iaa 1986 a., Ai?aa/aa cayaee, /oi
“aeia?ininaaeneea ioiioaiey n EI? aeey ian ia iaiaa aaaeiu, /ai n NOA e
ae?. no?aiaie. Eeoae — yaea?iay aea?aeaaa, eioi?ay auno?i ?acaeaaaony
nae/an. Io niaaonei-eeoaeneeo ioiioaiee ana aieaa caaeneo
aiaoiaiieeoe/aneay ianoaiiaea”.**
Iiceoeey NNN? ii niaaonei-eeoaeneei ioiioaieyi ?acaeaaeanue e oaea a
naiai aunooieaiee ai Aeaaeeainoiea (28 ethey 1986 a.) Ai?aa/aa niiauee,
/oi a ianoiyuaa a?aiy n ?oeiaiaenoaii II? ?anniao?eaaaony aii?in i
“auaiaea cia/eoaeueiie /anoe niaaoneeo aiene ec Iiiaieee”.*** Ai?aa/aa
oae iiaeuoiaeee niaaoneoth iiceoeeth a ioiioaiee EI? a naiai
aeaaeeainoieneii aunooieaiee: “Niaaoneee Nithc aioia a ethaia a?aiy , ia
ethaii o?iaia naiui na?ueaciui ia?acii ianoaeeoue n Eeoaai aii?inu i
aeiiieieoaeueiuo ia?ao ii nicaeaieth ianoaiiaee aeia?ininaaenoaa”.****
Ii oiaaea aua auee aienea a Aoaaienoaia, auea ia ?aoaia eaiio/eeneay
i?iaeaia, eioi?ua, ianiiiaiii, naea?aeeaaee eeoaeneoth noi?iio iieoe ia
iieiia o?aaoee?iaaiea ioiioaiee n Niaaoneei Nithcii, oioy oaea oiaaea
ia/aee i?ioiaeeoue eiinoeueoaoeee ia o?iaia caianoeoaeae ieieno?ia
eiino?aiiuo aeae, o.a. eae aiai?eony “i?ioeann iioae”.
Aei iauyaeaiey iiauo i?aaeeiaeaiee niaaoneie noi?iiu a E?aniiy?nea
a naioya?a 1988 a., i?iecioae caiaoiue naeaea ia iooe ?ac?aoaiey
eaiio/eeneie i?iaeaiu.
Eiioeeeo a Eaiio/ee i?aiyonoaiaae noaaeeueiinoe a Eiaeieeoaa e nicaeaaae
na?ueaciua i?aa?aaeu a niaaonei – eeoaeneeo ioiioaieyo. E na?aaeeia 80-o
aa. a Eaiio/ee nio?aiyeanue neiaeiay, eiioeeeoiay neooaoeey.
I?iaeieaeaeinue iieeoe/aneia e aiaiiia i?ioeaiai?noai iaaeaeo
i?aaeoaeuenoaii Eaiio/ee ai aeaaa n Oaia Nai?eiii, iiaeaea?aeeaaaiui
Aueaoiaiii, e?aniuie eoia?aie, i?iaiaeeaoeie i?ieeoaeneoth eeieth, e
a?oiie?iaeie Nii Naia, eioi?iio iiiiaaee caiaaeiua aea?aeaau. Iaiaeoth
?ieue ea?ae e auaoee aeaaa Eaiio/eeneiai ainoaea?noaa Ii?iaeii Neaioe,
iiaeaea?aeeaaaoee ioiioaiey e n Caiaaeii, e n eeoaeoeaie.
Niaaoneee Nithc ia aue iaiin?aaenoaaiii aoyioo a eaiio/eeneee eiioeeeo,
ii ana aea n o/aoii aai iiceoeee a Eiaeieeoaa, naycae n Aueaoiaiii ia
iia ia /oanoaiaaoue naiae ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca aai ?ac?aoaiea.
Iaiaeiaaaeiia cia/aiea eiaea aeey Nithca e yeiiiie/aneay noi?iia aeaea,
eai aueaoiaioeu, nnueaynue ia neooaoeeth a Eaiio/ee, nenoaiaoe/anee
ia?auaeenue n i?inueaaie ana iiauo e iiauo iinoaaie aii?oaeaiee e
aiaiiiai eiouanoaa aeey naiae a?iee.
Aio ii/aio a ?aieao iiaie ainoi/iie iieeoeee e iiaiai iieeoe/aneiai
iuoeaiey ai?aa/aaneia ?oeiaiaenoai acyei eo?n ia aeinoeaeaiea
iieeoe/aneiai o?aaoee?iaaiey eaiio/eeneiai eiioeeeoa. Yoa iiceoeey iaoea
naia io?aaeaiea ai Aeaaeeainoieneie aeaeea?aoeee 1986 a.
Iiuo iieacae, /oi aiaiiuie iaoiaeaie eaiio/eeneoth i?iaeaio ia ?aoeoue,
a i?inoi auaiae aueaoiaineeo aiene ec yoie no?aiu icia/ee au aiiaue
aaa?aiooue no?aio a ?oee Iie Iioa. Iaaei auei eneaoue aiciiaeiinoe
eiii?iienna. Niaaoneay noi?iia n/eoaea, /oi o?aaoee?iaaiea neooaoeee a
Eaiio/ee aiciiaeii eeoue /a?ac eciaiaiea a iauai eiioaenoa iieeoe/aneiai
eeeiaoa a THai-Ainoi/iie Acee, oeo/oaiey eeoaenei-aueaoiaineeo
ioiioaiee, a a aieaa oe?ieii ieaia — e eeoaenei-niaaoneeo, e
niaaonei-aia?eeaineeo ioiioaiee. Iaeiaei eeoaeoeu i?eaeaaaee
ia?aii/a?aaeiia cia/aiea nia/aea ?ac?aoaieth eaiio/eeneiai ocea, a iioii
oaea n/eoaee oeaeaniia?aciui eaeoe ia ii?iaeecaoeeth eeoaenei-niaaoneeo
ioiioaiee. Niaaoneee aea Nithc n/eoae, /oi ia?aii/a?aaeiay caaea/a —
yoi onoaiiaeaiea aeia?ininaaeneeo ioiioaiee n Eeoaai, a iioii oaea anai
aianoa ?ac?aoaoue eiioeeeo a Eaiio/ee.
Aeoeaiue iiene iooae o?aaoee?iaaiey eaiio/eeneie i?iaeaiu ia/aeny a
1986-1987 aa. ?aaioa a yoii iai?aaeaiee aaeanue e a IEAe, e a
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ioaeaeao OeE a oaniii eiioaeoa iaaeaeo Oaaa?iaaeca,
Aeia?uieiui e Iaaeaaaeaaui. Eaiio/eeneay i?iaeaia noaea iaioaeaeeia io
aueaoiaineie e eeoaeneie i?iaeaiaoeee.
Aeey ia/aea iaiaoiaeeii auei, /oiau aueaoiaioeu iniciaee anth aaaeiinoue
iieeoe/aneiai o?aaoee?iaaiey eaiio/eeneie i?iaeaiu. Iiaeaeaeee a
iiieiaiee yoiai aii?ina iiyaeythony o aueaoiaineeo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae iinea
VI nuacaea Eiiioienoe/aneie ia?oee Aueaoiaia, ninoiyaoaainy a aeaeaa?a
1986 a. E yoi iaoei naia io?aaeaiea ia ano?a/a Aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y
Eiiia?oee Aueaoiaia Iaoai Aai Eeiy n Ai?aa/aaui a iaa 1987 a. A anei?a
ninoiyeanue ano?a/a Ai?aa/aaa e n i?aaenaaeaoaeai
Ia?iaeii-aeaiie?aoe/aneie ia?oee Eaiio/ee Oaia Nai?eiii. Niaeanii
eioi?iaoeee, eioi?ay iinooiaea oiaaea ec Iiiiiaiy, ia inoaaaeinue
niiiaiee a oii, /oi eaiio/eeneea aeanoe i/aiue neaau. Ana iaoiaeeeinue
iiae eiio?ieai aueaoiaioeaa. Ai?aa/aa ia ano?a/a n eaiio/eeneei eeaea?ii
iiae/a?eioe aaaeiinoue oe?aieaiey ia?iaeiie aeanoe a no?aia, /oiau iia
iiaea naiinoiyoaeueii e yooaeoeaii oi?aaeyoue no?aiie e ianoie/eai
i?iaiaeeoue iieeoeeo i?eie?aiey. I?aaaea, eaeie-eeai ?aaeoeee ia yoo
?a/ue Oaia Nai?ei ia i?iyaee. E aiiaua iaaei neacaoue, /oi o niaaoneeo
eeaea?ia nicaeaeinue aia/aoeaiea i aeaaa IAeIE, eae i neaaii
iieeoe/aneii eeaea?a.
I?eia?ii a oi aea a?aiy ia/aeenue ?aaoey?iua ano?a/e Oaaa?iaaeca e
Iaaeaaaeaaa n i?aaenaaeaoaeai i?aaeoaeuenoaa Eaiio/ee Ooi Naiii. Ii
ieacaeny aieaa cae?aaui iieeoeeii e noiye ia iiceoeee, /oi eaiio/eeneoth
i?iaeaio iiaeii ?aoeoue oieueei iieeoe/aneei iooai a niioaaonoaee n
i?eioeeiaie, i?iaicaeaoaiiuie ai Aeaaeeainoiea. E?iia yoiai Ooi Nai
aioia aue nanoue ca noie ia?aaiai?ia n i?aaenoaaeoaeyie anao
iieeoe/aneeo nee a no?aia.
20 ethey 1988 a. ninoiyeanue aua iaeia ano?a/a Ai?aa/aaa n Iaoai Aai
Eeiai. Aueaoiaiaoe i?ieioi?ie?iaae niaaoneiai eeaea?a i ?aoaiee,
i?eiyoii aueaoiaineei ?oeiaiaenoaii, iinoaiaiii auaanoe aienea ec
Eaiio/ee e eiioeo 1989 — ia/aeo 1990 a.
Oaeei ia?acii, aeaaiaea?y oneeeyi aueaoiaioeaa, eaiio/eeoeaa, i?e
aeoeaiie iiaeaea?aeea NNN? ianoaiiaea ia Eiaeieeoaeneii iieoino?iaa e ai
anae THai-Ainoi/iie Acee ia/aea, oioue iaaeeaiii, ii caiaoii iaiyoueny.
A eiioea ethey 1988 a. a Aaai?a ninoiyeanue eieoaeueiay ano?a/a /aou?ao
eaiio/eeneeo noi?ii n o/anoeai i?aaenoaaeoaeae Aueaoiaia, Eaina e no?ai
ANAAI. Aia?aua ca noie ia?aaiai?ia naee ana i?ioeainoiyuea ae?oa ae?oao
eoia?neea noi?iiu e ainoaea?noaa THai-Ainoi/iie Acee. Yoa ano?a/a aua
aieueoa i?iaeaeioea ia/aaoeeny i?ioeann o?aaoee?iaaiey neooaoeee a
Eaiio/ee e naeaeaea iiaeaeaeee a ioiioaieyo NNN? n EI?.
Eoae, aica?auaynue e E?aniiy?neiio aunooieaieth Ai?aa/aaa, iiaeii
neacaoue, /oi iii yaeeinue aua iaeiei aeieacaoaeuenoaii oaeoaeaiey e
?acaeoey iiaiai iieeoe/aneiai iuoeaiey Niaaoneiai Nithca.
Ie?iui eieoeeaoeaai NNN? a AO? e ?aoaiea i?iaeai, noiyaoeo ia iooe
onoaiiaeaiey aeia?ininaaeneeo ioiioaiee iaaeaeo Niaaoneei Nithcii e
Eeoaai nicaeaee ana iaiaoiaeeiua i?aaeiinueee aeey ii?iaeecaoeee
niaaonei-eeoaeneeo ioiioaiee.
A oiaea ninoiyaoeony a ia/aea aeaeaa?y 1988 a. ia?aaiai?ia iaaeaeo
ieieno?ii eiino?aiiuo aeae NNN? Y.A. Oaaa?iaaeca e ieieno?ii eiino?aiiuo
aeae EI? Oeyiue Oeei/yiai auea aeinoeaiooa i?eioeeieaeueiay
aeiaiai?aiiinoue i oii, /oi a ia?aie iieiaeia 1989 a. ninoieony ano?a/a
ia aunoai o?iaia. Yoi icia/aei, /oi ia iiaanoeo aeiy anoaea iieiay
ii?iaeecaoeey niaaonei-eeoaeneeo ioiioaiee e ia/eiaaony i?eioeeieaeueii
iiaue yoai a ioiioaieyo iaaeaeo aeaoiy e?oiiaeoeie nioeeaeenoe/aneeie
no?aiaie ie?a.
A ia/aea oaa?aey ninoiyeny aeceo Y.A. Oaaa?iaaeca a Eeoae. Eoiae aeceoa
iicaieeee eiie?aoece?iaaoue iiiaea aaaeiua aniaeou i?aaenoiyueo
niaaonei-eeoaeneeo ia?aaiai?ia ia aunoai o?iaia.
Ai-ia?auo, ii?aaeaeeeanue aeaoa aeceoa I.N. Ai?aa/aaa a Eeoae — 15 —
18 iay 1989 a.
Ai-aoi?uo, noi?iiu aeinoeaee cia/eoaeueiiai i?ia?anna ia iooe e
acaeiiiiieiaieth ii eaiio/eeneie i?iaeaia, io?aaeaieai /aai yaeeinue
niioaaonoaothuaa niaianoiia cayaeaiea. Oaeei ia?acii, naeaeai aaaeiue
oaa a noa?a o?aaoee?iaaiey aii?ina, eioi?ue eeoaeneay noi?iia n/eoaea
iniiaiui i?aiyonoaeai e iieiie ii?iaeecaoeee ioiioaiee (niaaoneea aienea
ec Aoaaienoaia e Iiiaieee e oiio a?aiaie oaea auee auaaaeaiu).
A-o?aoueeo, i?eioeeieaeueii aaaeiui yaeeanue aeinoeaeaiea
aeiaiai?aiiinoe i ia/aea ia?aaiai?ia iaaeaeo a?oiiaie aiaiiuo e
aeeieiiaoe/aneeo yenia?oia i nie?auaiee o?iaiy aiaiiiai i?ioeainoiyiey a
nii?aaeaeueiuo ?aeiiao; noi?iiu oaeaea au?aceee iaia?aiea e aeaeaa a
eiino?oeoeaiii aeooa aanoe ia?aaiai?u ii iia?aie/iie i?iaeaia.
Iaeia ae?aaiyy eeoaeneay ioae?inoue aeaneo, /oi aaoa? enoi?ee
ia?aeenouaaao eieao enoi?ee eae ii caoi/ao. Iinea iaeneiai aeceoa
Aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y EINN NNN? I.N. Ai?aa/aaa ioe?ueanue iiaay
no?aieoea a niaaonei-eeoaeneeo ioiioaieyo.
Niaaonei-eeoaeneay ano?a/a ia aunoai o?iaia auea ii nouanoao eiae/aneei
i?iaeieaeaieai oeaeaono?aieaiiuo oneeee aeaoo no?ai, iai?aaeaiiuo ia
icaei?iaeaiea iaaeaeoia?iaeii-iieeoe/aneiai eeeiaoa e oanii
acaeiiaeaenoaothueo n i?ia?aiiaie ia?ano?ieee a NNN? e iiaea?iecaoeee a
Eeoay, noaaoeo a naith i/a?aaeue aaaeiui aioo?aiiei noeioeii aeey
iaiiaeaiey aiaoiae iieeoeee aeaoo ninaaeieo no?ai.
Ai a?aiy naiaai i?aauaaiey a Eeoaa Ai?aa/aa ano?aoeeny n ?yaeii aunoeo
aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe yoie no?aiu. Oae, 16 iay a caeaiee Anaeeoaeneiai
nia?aiey ia?iaeiuo i?aaenoaaeoaeae ninoiyeanue aanaaea I.N. Ai?aa/aaa n
I?aaenaaeaoaeai Aiaiiiai niaaoa OeE EIE e Oeaio?aeueiiai aiaiiiai niaaoa
EI? Aeyi Nyiieiii.
Ia?auaynue ni neiaaie i?eaaonoaey, Aeyi Nyiiei neacae: “ss aeaaii oioae
ano?aoeony n Aaie. Iniaaiii iiaeoieeioea iaiy e yoiio Aaoa ?a/ue ai
Aeaaeeainoiea. A iae i?iyaeeinue iiaia niaea?aeaiea aiaoiae iieeoeee
NNN? — oi, /oi iieo/eei iacaaiea iiaiai iieeoe/aneiai iuoeaiey. ss
i?inee ia?aaeaoue Aai i iiai aeaeaiee i?iaanoe eeoaenei-niaaoneoth
ano?a/o ia aunoai o?iaia. Naaiaeiy iu iiaeai cayaeoue, /oi ioiioaiey
iaaeaeo iaoeie ainoaea?noaaie e ia?oeyie ii?iaeeciaaiu”.* Aio a oaeie
onoiie oi?ia e auei cae?uoi i?ioeia e ioe?uo iooue a aoaeouaa.
Ai a?aiy yoie ano?a/e a aa?oao ia no?aieoeao caiaaeiie ia/aoe
i?ineaeuecuaaee iianaiey ioiineoaeueii oiai, /oi iiacaeea I.N. Ai?aa/aaa
a EI? iiaeao ia?ooeoue neiaeeaoeeny aaeain a “o?aoaieueieea” NOA – NNN?
– Eeoae, iaianoe oua?a aiaiii-no?aoaae/aneei eioa?anai Niaaeeiaiiuo
Ooaoia. Ii iiaeiaiua iianaiey auee aaciniiaaoaeueiu. Niaaonei-eeoaeneay
ii?iaeecaoeey ia auea iai?aaeaia i?ioea o?aoueeo no?ai. Aieaa oiai, n
yoie ano?a/ae iiauneeanue cia/eiinoue aeey NNN?, NOA e EI? ia?
acaeiiiai aeiaa?ey, inouanoaeaiea eioi?uo noaei aiciiaeiui eae
aneaaenoaea nieaeaiey o?iaiy iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iai?yaeaiiinoe (aeoeee
NNN?-NOA ii eeiee ?aci?oaeaiey), oae e aeaaiaea?y ia?aniio?o a Niaaoneii
Nithca e a Eeoaa i?ei?eoaoia a noa?a yeiiiieee e iieeoeee.
I cia/aiee aeceoa Ai?aa/aaa a EI? iiaeii aiai?eoue aeieai, ii niaa?oaiii
i/aaeaeii, /oi yoa ano?a/a ieacaea aicaeaenoaea ia icaei?iaeaiea
ianoaiiaee a AO?.
Aeaaa V. I?AIAeIEAIEA IONOAAAIEss A NIAAONEI-ssIIINEEO IOIIOAIEssO
Ioiioaiey NNN? n ssiiieae anaaaea ioee/aeenue aieueoie
neiaeiinoueth. E na?aaeeia 80-o aa. iaeiieeinue aieueoia eiee/anoai
i?iaeai, eioi?ua iaoaee ?acaeoeth eae ioiioaiee iaaeaeo aeaoiy
ainoaea?noaaie, oae e ?ac?yaeea a AO?. Aeaaiuie n?aaee ieo iiaeii
n/eoaoue oa??eoi?eaeueiua i?aoaicee ssiiiee, yiiineea caeeth/aiiua a
Neae?a, i eioi?uo yiiineie noi?iia ie/aai ia auei ecaanoii, auaiae
niaaoneeo aiene n naaa?iuo oa??eoi?ee e caeeth/aiea ie?iiai aeiaiai?a
?aoaieai oa??eoi?eaeueiuo i?iaeai.
N i?eoiaeii e aeanoe a Niaaoneii Nithca I.N. Ai?aa/aaa nicaeaeenue
aeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey e aeey ?acaeiee?iaaiey neiaeiie neooaoeee iaaeaeo
aeaoiy ainoaea?noaaie.
Aiaoithth iieeoeeo ssiiiee au?aaaouaaao IEAe. A IEAe ssiiiee ioiioaiea e
Niaaoneiio Nithco auei eiina?aaoeaiui, iii ia aeiaa?yei NNN?, iiyoiio
ai?aa/aaneiio ?oeiaiaenoao noieei iiiaeo oneeee, /oiau eciaieoue
ioiioaiea yiiineie noi?iiu e niaaoneiio ainoaea?noao e aai iiaie aiaoiae
iieeoeea.
Oaea a 1985 a. iiaia niaaonia ?oeiaiaenoai noaei iineaaeiaaoaeueii
i?iaiaeeoue iieeoeeo iai?aaeaiioth ia oeo/oaiea niaaonei-yiiineeo
ioiioaiee.
Oae, ii i?eaeaoaieth OeE EINN NNN? n 14 ii 21 naioya?y 1985 a. a
Niaaoneii Nithca iaoiaeeeanue aeaeeaaoeey Nioeeaeenoe/aneie ia?oee
ssiiiee. Aeaeaaaoeee iaaeo no?ai ianoaeeee aii?inu oeo/oaiey
niaaonei-yiiineeo ioiioaiee. Iie niaeaneeenue, /oi oeo/oaiea ioiioaiee
iaaeaeo aeaoiy no?aiaie ia iniiaa i?eioeeiia ?aaainoaa, acaeiiie auaiaeu
e iaaiaoaoaeuenoaa ai aioo?aiiea aeaea e onoaiiaeaiea ae?oaeau e
aeia?ininaaenoaa auaiaeii aeey iaieo ainoaea?noa e aeaaii?eyoii
io?aceony ia ianoaiiaea a Acee.
Caoai 27 iiya?y 1985 a. a aeieeaaea Ai?aa/aaa ia 4 nannee AN NNN? 11
nicuaa i?icao/aee oaeea neiaa a ioiioaiee ssiiiee: “Iu ca oeo/oaiea
ioiioaiee n ssiiieae, oaa?aiu, /oi oaeay aiciiaeiinoue ?aaeueia. Iia
oaea auoaeaao ec oiai, /oi iaoe no?aiu — iaiin?aaenoaaiiua ninaaee”.*
Ii ioaeii auei aua a?aiy, /oiau ssiiiey iiiyea, /oi n iiaui niaaoneei
?oeiaiaenoaii iiaeii eiaoue aeaei, iiaeii ?aoaoue aeaonoi?iiiea
i?iaeaiu, a ai?aa/aaneiio ?oeiaiaenoao iaaei auei a?aiy iiaeoiaoue iaae
naiae iiceoeeae ii ioiioaieth aii?inia, eioi?ua noiyee iaaeaeo aeaoiy
noi?iiaie. A Ia?oaiia?aoa Ai?aa/aaa n/eoaee, /oi yiiineie
oa??eoi?eaeueiie i?iaeaiu iao. Ana iiiieee ciaiaieoua neiaa A.A.
A?iiuei: “No?aia o ian aieueoay, ii naiaiaeiie caiee o ian iao.” N oaeie
aacaiaeeeoeeiiiie iiceoeeae ?aoaoue i?iaeaio iaeaaeeaaiey ioiioaiee auei
iaaiciicii. N oa/aieai a?aiaie a ?acoeueoaoa aeoeaiie ainoi/iie iieeoeee
NNN?, iaeioi?ua yiiineea iieeoeee oeiaeee neaiaeu Ai?aa/aaa e iiiyee,
/oi n iei iiaeii eiaoue aeaei.
22 ethey 1988 a. I.N. Ai?aa/aa i?eiye auaoaai i?aiuea?-ieieno?a ssiiiee
ss. Iaeaniiy. Iaeaniia iinoaaee aii?in i oii, /oi yiiioeaa iaaei
caeioa?aniaaoue eiaoue aeaei n NNN?. I?aaeaea anaai yoi eanaaony
Aeaeueiaai Ainoiea, aaea aeaeaoaeueiu auee au naiua ?acee/iua nayce —
yeiiiie/aneea, nii?oeaiua, oo?enoe/aneea, eoeueoo?iua. Ai?aa/aa ni naiae
noi?iiu ?anneacae ia iauanoaaiiie i?ia?aiia naycaiiie n ?acaeoeai
Aeaeueiaai Ainoiea. Yoa i?ia?aiia i?aaeoniao?eaaea aieaa auno?ia
?acaeoea Neae?e e Aeaeueiaai Ainoiea ii n?aaiaieth n ae?oaeie ?aaeiiaie
no?aiu.
Ii yoi auee nei?aa neiaa, iaaeaea ?aaeueiay i?ia?aiia. Ai-ia?auo, o
Niaaoneiai Nithca ia auei aeaiaa ?acaeaaoue aeaa oaeeo ia?iiiuo ?aeiia
eae Neae?ue e Aeaeueiee Ainoie. Ai-aoi?uo, Aeaeueiee Ainoie inoaaaeny
oa??eoi?ea n aieueoie eiioeaio?aoeeae aiaiiuo iauaeoia no?aiu e iiyoiio
ia ioe?uoea Aeaaeeainoiea, a oai aieaa i ?acaeoee oo?enoe/aneeo naycae e
?a/e auoue ia iiaei.
Oai ia iaiaa iaa eeaea?a a eiioea ano?a/e i?eoee e auaiaeo, /oi auaiae
ec ooieea niaaonei-yiiineeo ioiioaiee ioaa/aao eioa?anai iaaeo no?ai.
Ai a?aiy naiaai aeceoa ssnooe?i Iaeaniiy aunooiee a EIYII AI NNN? n
eaeoeeae. Ia iae ii cayaee, /oi a naaiaeiyoiae ?aaeueiinoe i?ei?eoaoiie
caaea/ae neaaeoao n/eoaoue eeeaeaeaoeeth oao ia?aoaiiuo i?iaeai, eioi?ua
neoaeao i?e/eiie iieeoe/aneie iai?yaeaiiinoe a ?aaeiia. I?aaeaea anaai,
e yoi eanaaony ssiiiee e NNN?, aeieaeai auoue ?aoai aii?in naaa?iuo
oa??eoi?ee, a ionoonoaea ie?iiai aeiaiai?a, eioi?ue au caeiaeee au
iniiao acaeiiiai aeiaa?ey, neoaeeo naiie aeaaiie i?e/eiie oaeiai
iieiaeaiey.
Aea, aii?in i naaa?iuo oa??eoi?eyo i?i/ii aioae a iiaanoeo aeiy anao
ano?a/ iaaeaeo aeaoiy no?aiaie. A naiie ssiiiee ii i?eiye ia?iiioth
iiioey?iinoue. Aeioiaeeei aei oiai, /oi ii oeeoeai Oieei ?acuacaeaee
aaoiaonu, oaaoaiiua ieaeaoaie oeia: “Inouanoaeoue iaiaaeeaiiia
aica?auaiea naaa?iuo oa??eoi?ee ssiiiee!”, “I?ae?aoeoue iacaeiiioth
ieeoiaoeeth Niaaonee Nithcii Eoiaoe?a, Eoo?oia, Oaaiiae e Oeeioaia!”,
“*aou?a naaa?iuo ino?iaa — eneiiii yiiineea caiee!” E yoi a oeaeii
auea ia “naiiaeayoaeueiinoue” — eiiiaiey iai?aaeyeanue
i?aaeoaeuenoaii. I?aaeoaeuenoai ssiiiee i?eaea?aeeaaynue a iieeoeea a
ioiioaiee NNN? iniiaiiai eo?na, iai?aaeaiiiai ia inouanoaeaiea
iaeiia?aiaiiiai aica?auaiey /aou?ao naaa?iuo ino?iaia, caeeth/aiea
yiiii-niaaoneiai ie?iiai aeiaiai?a e onoaiiaeaiea noaaeeueiuo ioiioaiee.
Eae ecaanoii, aeiaiai?u ii caeeth/aieth ie?iiai aeiaiai?a aaaeooueny
iaaeaeo NNN? e ssiiieae n ia?a?uaaie ia/eiay n 1955a., eiaaea noi?iiu
i?enooieee e ianoaeaeaieth aii?ina i ii?iaeecaoeee ioiioaiee iinea
aoi?ie ie?iaie aieiu. Iaeiaei ie?iue aeiaiai? oae e iaaue caeeth/ai
ec-ca ?anoiaeaeaiey iiceoeee Iineau e Oieei ii aii?ino i
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe ino?iaia Eoiaoe?, Eoo?oi e Iaeie Eo?eeueneie a?yaeu.
ssiiineia i?aaeoaeuenoai cayaeyei, /oi iiaeieoao ie?iue aeiaiai? oieueei
i?e oii oneiaee, anee a iai aoaeao /aoei ii?aaeaeaii, /oi “naaa?iua
oa??eoi?ee” ia?aoiaeyo e ssiiiee. A iainiiaaiee aeaiiie iiceoeee
yiiineie noi?iiie i?eaiaeyony ?acee/iua a?aoiaiou. Ii n eaeie
?aoeoaeueiinoueth yiiioeu n/eoatho, /oi “naaa?iua oa??eoi?ee” yaeythony
eo, n ia iaiueoei oaaaeaeaieai niaaoneea a?aaeaeaia aini?eieiatho yoe
oa??eoi?ee eneiiii naieie.
A yiaa?a 1991a. a Iineao n ioeoeeaeueiui aeceoii i?eaue ieieno?
eiino?aiiuo aeae ssiiiee Oa?i Iaeayia. Aeceo aue iinayuai iiaeaioiaea
i?aauaaiey I.N.Ai?aa/aaa a ssiiiee. Ianoaeaeaeenue eiie?aoiua aeaou
aeceoa, oiae iiaeaioiaee e yoiio niauoeth. Ninoiyeny i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue
iaiai iiaieyie ii iaeaieaa o?oaeiiio aii?ino ?ac?aaioee ie?iiai
aeiaiai?a – oa??eoi?eaeueiiio. I?aceaeaio e ieieno? oneiaeeenue
i?iaeieaeaoue eioaineaioth ii anai iai?aaeaieyi iiaeaioiaeo niaaonei –
yiiineie ano?a/e a aa?oao. Ai a?aiy aeceoa A.A.Aannia?oiuo ioiaoee, /oi
a iineaaeiea aiaeu iaaeaeo NNN? e ssiiieae iaiaoeeanue ii?aaeaeaiiia
ionoaaaiea. Oaiiu aeeaeiaa ionoatho io iauano?aieoaeueiie aeeiaieee
aeaiiioaaea no?oeoo? e noa?aiioeiia “oieiaeiie aieia”. Ii au?acee
iaaeaaeaeo, /oi i?aaenayuee aeceo Ai?aa/aaa ioe?iao ?aaeueiua
aiciiaeiiioe i?aaeaoue i?eioeeieaeueii iiaua ea/anoaa ioiioaieyi iaaeaeo
NNN? e ssiiieae. Eo?n ia oeo/oaiea ioiioaiee n ssiiieae – yoi
no?aoaae/aneay eeiey niaaoneie aiaoiae iieeoeee. Yoi eeiey I?aceaeaioa
NNN?. Yoi aiieiuaiea eiinainoniiai iiaiey niaaoneiai iauanoaa, –
iiaeuoiaeee ii. O. Iaeayia niiauee, /oi ia?eaiaio, iauanoaaiiinoue e
aeaeiaua e?oae i?eaaonoaotho i?eacae I.N.Ai?aa/aaa.
A niaianoiii niaaonei-yiiineii niiauaiee aeey ia/aoe oeaeue aeceoa auea
ioa?aeoa?eciaaia eae iaania/aiea ea?aeeiaeueiiai oeo/oaiey
niaaonei-yiiineeo ioiioaiee, auaanoe eo ia ea/anoaaiii iiaue o?iaaiue e
aianoe aaaeiue aeeaae a aeaei iaania/aiey ie?a e i?ioeaaoaiey AO? e ai
anai ie?a.
25 ia?oa 1991a. Ai?aa/aa ano?aoeeny n Aaia?aeueiui nae?aoa?ai
Eeaa?eueii-aeaiie?aoe/aneie ia?oee ssiiiee Eoe?i Iaecaaie. Ai a?aiy
ano?a/e E.Iaecaaa, niaeaneaoenue n oaeie ioeaieie, n oai, /oi oeo/oaiea
niaaonei-yiiineeo ioiioaiee i?eianei au aieueooth iieueco ia oieueei
aeaoi no?aiai, ii e anaio ie?o, nineaeny ia aaeeinoaaiiia i?aiyonoaea –
i?iaeaio “naaa?iuo oa??eoi?ee”. Ai?aa/aa i?eciae iaee/ea i?iaeaiu, ii
i?aaeeiaeee eneaoue iiaua iooe aeey aeinoeaeaiey ?acaeoey ioiioaiee
iaaeaeo NNN? e ssiiieae.
Ai?aa/aa cayaee, /oi niaaoneay noi?iia iano?iaia ia iiaoth aeeiaieeo a
ia?aaiai?ao ii ie?iiio aeiaiai?o, a oiaea eioi?uo aioiau ?anniao?eaaoue
e ?aoaoue ethaua aii?inu ia iaeneiaeueii ni?aaaaeeeauo iniiaao.
Ii i?eaeaoaieth I?aaeoaeuenoaa ssiiiee ieieno? eiino?aiiuo aeae NNN?
A.A.Aannia?oiuo n 29 ii 31 ia?oa 1991a. iaian ioeoeeaeueiue aeceo a
ssiiieth. Ninoiyeinue i?iaeieaeaiea ianoaeaeaiey aii?inia, eanathueony
ioeoeeaeueiiai aeceoa a ssiiieth I?aceaeaioa. Nioeenue a oii, /oi yoio
aeceo aeieaeai noaoue iiai?ioiui a niaaonei-yiiineeo ioiioaieyo. Auee
i?iaeieaeaiu ia?aaiai?u, eanathueany caeeth/aiey niaaonei-yiiineiai
ie?iiai aeiaiai?a, a niioaaonoaee n aeiaiai?aiiinoueth, caoeene?iaaiiie
a niaianoiii niaaonei-yiiineii cayaeaiee io 10 ieoya?y 1973 a.
A ai?aea 1991 a. ninoiyeny aeceo Ai?aa/aaa a ssiiieth. ssiiioeu
iaeeaeaee io yoie ano?a/e , /oi I?aceaeaio Ai?aa/aa, aoaeo/e a ssiiiee
aunooieo n eaeie-oi eiiiaioa?eyie ii aii?ino ia eioa?ie?iaaiee yiiineeo
nieaeao, a ii aica?auaieth a Iineao i?eiao a nayce n yoei iaaeeaaeauea
ia?u. Caoai yiiineay noi?iia n/eoaea, /oi auaiae niaaoneeo aiaiiuo nee
“naaa?iuo oa??eoi?ee” aue au nouanoaaiiui oaaii a iaeaaeeaaiee acaeiiiai
aeiaa?ey iaaeaeo ssiiieae e Niaaoneei Nithcii. Iieiue iiyoaiiue auaiae
ineaaee au oa?ico, eioi?oth yiiioeu iuouaee ni noi?iiu Niaaoia. E,
iaeiiaoe, /oi au aeiaeoueny ?aoeoaeueiiai icaei?iaeaiey ianoaiiaee e
n?oco naeaeaoue ana ioiioaiey iaaeaeo aeaoiy no?aiaie “iieiie?iaiuie”,
auei au aaaeii e iaecaaaeii caeeth/aiey ie?iiai aeiaiai?a,
caeeaaeothuaai ooiaeaiaio iiae oaeea ioiioaiey. ssiiineay
iauanoaaiiinoue n/eoaea, /oi Niaaoneee Nithc ia iiaeao oeeiieoueny io
aica?auaiey /aou?ao naaa?iuo ino?iaia. Aica?auaiea Oaaiiae e Oeeioaia
auei iaauaii, eiaaea i?aiuea?-ieieno? Oaoiyia iinaoee Niaaoneee Nithc a
1956a. Oaei ia?acii, iuiaoiee oa??eoi?eaeueiue nii? iaaeaeo Iineaie e
Oieei eanaaony eeoue aeaoo inoaaoeony ino?iaia Eoiaoe?a e Eoo?oia.
Ia?aae iiacaeeie a ssiiieth o niaaoneie noi?iiu auei aeaa aa?eaioa
iiceoeee. Ia?aue aa?eaio aue noi?ioee?iaai iiiiuieeii Ai?aa/aaa
A.N.*a?iyaaui e caeeth/aeny a aica?auaiee e Aeaeea?aoeee 1956a. Aoi?ie
aea aa?eaio iiceoeee caeeth/aeny a oii, /oi au ia i?eieiaoue iiceoeee
aica?auaiee e Aeaeea?aoeee 1956a. A ?acoeueoaoa aeceoa Niaaoneee Nithc
i?eciae oa??eoi?eaeueioa i?aoaiceth ssiiiee, aue ia?a/eneai nienie
nii?iuo ino?iaia, auee iaicia/aiu iiceoeee iaaeo noi?i. E?iia yoiai aue
iiaeienai Iaii?aiaeoi i niaaonei-yiiineeo iaaei?aaeoaeuenoaaaiiuo
eiinoeueoaoeeyo e Niaeaoaiey iaaeaeo I?aaeoaeuenoaii NNN? e
I?aaeoaeuenoaii ssiiiee i nio?oaeie/anoaa a ieacaiee oaoie/aneiai
niaeaenoaey ?aoi?iai ii ia?aoiaeo ia ?uii/ioth yeiiiieeo a NNN?.
CAEETH*AIEA
*anoi I.N. Ai?aa/aaa oi?aeatho ca aai aiaoiaiieeoe/aneee eo?n, i?e/ai
iaeei ec a?aoiaioia e?eoeeia i?e yoii caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
iineaaeiee niaaoneee eeaea? aue caiaaeieeii. Eiia/ii, yoi a
ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie i?aaeeueii, anee ?a/ue eaeao i ie?iaicc?aiee,
iaeiaei ?aaeiiaeueiue aniaeo eo?na Ai?aa/aaa aue a aeinoaoi/iie ia?a
naaeaine?iaai, e aai iaeuecy iaaeieoue a eioa?ana eeoue a caiaaeiii
iai?aaeaiee. Yoi, a /anoiinoe, aeieacuaaaony aeoeaiinoueth niaaoneie
aeeieiiaoee ia aoaaineii, eeoaeneii e yiiineii iai?aaeaieyo. Aeoeaiinoue
ia yoeo iai?aaeaieyo iaoneaaeeaaeanue eae iaueie onoaiiaeaie eo?na III,
oae e aioo?aiieie oaeoi?aie (iineaaeiaa iniaaiii caiaoii a neo/aa n
Aoaaienoaiii). A oeaeii iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi o?aaoee?iaaiea ia
anao yoeo o?ao iai?aaeaieyo ioaa/aei eioa?anai NNN?: a ioiioaieyo n
Eeoaai e Aoaaienoaiii iaaei auei nicaeaoue oneiaey aeey ii?iaeecaoeee
ianoaiiaee ia a?aieoeao NNN?, a ioiioaieyo n ssiiieae aaaeiia cia/aiea
eiae yeiiiie/aneee oaeoi?. Aaconeiaii, iaeuecy neacaoue, /oi ana ec
caaeoiaiiiai iieo/eeinue: a neo/aa n ssiiieae ii nooe aeaea auei
oiioaiea ia ianoa; aeaenoaey ia eeoaeneii iai?aaeaiee, a cia/eoaeueiie
noaiaie, ii?iaeeciaaee aeaonoi?iiiea ioiioaiey, ii ioithaeue ia naeaeaee
eo “oaieuie”; /oi eanaaony Aoaaienoaia, oi ia oaeaeinue ?aoeoue aeaaiie
aaiiieeoe/aneie caaea/e — oa?aoue eee ioiaeaeiooue eiioeeeo io a?aieoe
NNN?. Oae /oi ioeaee auee ia ainoi/iii iai?aaeaiee (ai?i/ai eae e ia
ae?oaeo) Niaaoneiai aiaoiaiieeoe/aneiai eo?na. Iaeiaei, auee e
iieiaeeoaeueiua /a?ou. Ai-ia?auo — i?aaeeueii aua?aee no?aoaae/aneia
iai?aaeaiea: ?ac?aoaoue eiioeeeou e ii?iaeeciauaaoue ioiioaiey.
Ai-aoi?uo — a neo/aa n Aoaaienoaiii NNN? iaeiiaoe aueac ec
aania?niaeoeaiie aiaiiie aaaioth?u, a neo/aa n Eeoaai e ssiiieae
iiiyee, /oi ia?ac?aoeiuo i?iaeai iao — iaaei ?aaioaoue. Eoae, ianiio?y
ia i?in/aou, a oeaeii, eo?n aue aua?ai i?aaeeueii — ii ioaa/ae
eioa?anai NNN?.
ENOI*IEEE E EEOA?AOO?A
Aeaaa I
Aieeiaiiia Ae.A. “Naiue aiaeaeae”. Eieaa 2 I., 1995 a.
*a?iyaa A.N. “Oanoue eao n Ai?aa/aaui”. I., 1993 a.
Ai?aa/aa I.N. “Aiaeu o?oaeiuo ?aoaiee”. I., 1993 a.
Aeaenaiae?ia- Aaaioia A.I. “Io Eieeiioae aei Ai?aa/aaa”. I., 1994 a.
Aeaaa II
Ai?aeueneee Ieaioi OeE EINN io 23 ai?aey 1985 a.
AI?O. ?aai/ay caienue canaaeaiey iieeoath?i io 29 ethiy 1985 a.
Cayaeaiea Aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y EINN NNN? I.N. Ai?aa/aaa io 15
yiaa?y 1985 a.
Iaoa?eaeu OOVIII nuacaea EINN NNN?
Iiaay ?aaeaeoeey i?ia?aiiu EINN
Aunooieaiea I.N. Ai?aa/aaa ia cae?uoii niaauaiee ioaaonoaaiiuo
?aaioieeia IEAe 28 iay 1986 a.
Aunooieaiea I.N. Ai?aa/aaa ai Aeaaeeainoiea 28 ethey 1986 a.
Aunooieaiea I.N. Ai?aa/aaa a E?aniiy?nea (naioya?ue 1988 a.)
* * *
Aieeiaiiia Ae.A. “Naiue aiaeaeae”. Eieaa 2 I., 1995 a.
Oaaa?iaaeca Y.A. “Iie auai?”. I., 1991 a.
Aeaaa III
Iaoa?eaeu OOVIII nuacaea EINN NNN?
Aunooieaiea I.N. Ai?aa/aaa ia cae?uoii niaauaiee ioaaonoaaiiuo
?aaioieeia IEAe 28 iay 1986 a.
Aunooieaiea I.N. Ai?aa/aaa ai Aeaaeeainoiea 28 ethey 1986 a.
* * *
Ai?aa/aa I.N. “Aiaeu o?oaeiuo ?aoaiee”. I., 1993 a.
*a?iyaa A.N. “Oanoue eao n Ai?aa/aaui”. I., 1993 a.
Ei?ieaiei A.I. “Oieiaeiay aieia”: naeaeaoaeuenoai aa o/anoieea. I., 1995
a.
Iaaeeineee E.E., *aeuoaa E.A. Niaaoneay aiaoiyy iieeoeea a aiaeu
“oieiaeiie aieiu” (1945-1985). Iiaia i?i/oaiea. — I., 1995 a.
Oaaa?iaaeca Y.A. “Iie auai?”. I., 1991 a.
Aeaaa IV
Ai?aeueneee Ieaioi OeE EINN io 23 ai?aey 1985 a.
Aunooieaiea I.N. Ai?aa/aaa ia cae?uoii niaauaiee ioaaonoaaiiuo
?aaioieeia IEAe 28 iay 1986 a.
Aunooieaiea I.N. Ai?aa/aaa ai Aeaaeeainoiea 28 ethey 1986 a.
Aeceo Y.A. Oaaa?iaaeca a Eeoae. Aanoiee IEAe NNN? ? 4 1989 a.
Aeceo I.N. Ai?aa/aaa a Iaeei. Aanoiee IEAe NNN? ? 11 (45) 15 ethiy 1989
a.
* * *
Iaaeaaaeaa A.A. “?aniaae”. I., 1991 a.
“Aiaoiyy iieeoeea EI?: i?iaeaiu enneaaeiaaiey a naaoa iiaiai
iuoeaiey”. A. sseiaeaa, “I?iaeaiu Aeaeueiaai Ainoiea”. 2/’90 a.
“Iineaa – Iaeei: iioaioeeae nio?oaeie/anoaa”. “I?iaeaiu Aeaeueiaai
ainoiea”. 2/‘89 a.
NNN? — EI? “Iiaeaaaeaia /a?oa iiae i?ioeui — ioe?uo iooue a
aoaeouaa.” “I?iaeaiu Aeaeueiaai Ainoiea”. 3/’89 a.
“Ioe?uoue aoaeouaa!” A. Eaiaoaiei, “Iiaia a?aiy”. ? 20 1989 a.
“Ana — aia?aaee!” A. Eaiaoaiei, “Iiaia a?aiy”. ? 22 1989 a.
Aeaaa V
Aeieeaae I.N. Ai?aa/aaa ia 4 nannee AN NNN? 11 nicuaa io 27 iiya?y 1985
a.
Aeceo a NNN? aeaeaaaoeee Nioeeaeenoe/aneie ia?oee ssiiiee. “I?aaaea”
21/ IO ‘85 a.
Aunooieaiea I.N. Ai?aa/aaa ai Aeaaeeainoiea 28 ethey 1986 a.
I?eai I.N. Ai?aa/aaui ss. Iaeaniiy. “I?aaaea” 23/ VII ‘88 a.
Aeceo a Iineao ieieno?a eiino?aiiuo aeae ssiiiee O. Iaeiyiu. Aanoiee
IEAe NNN? ? 3 1991 a.
Ano?a/a I.N. Ai?aa/aaa n Aaia?aeueiui nae?aoa?ai
Eeaa?aeueii-aeaiie?aoe/aneie ia?oee ssiiiee E. Iaecaaie. “I?iaeaiu
Aeaeueiaai Ainoiea”. 8/‘91 a.
Aeceo ieieno?a eiino?aiiuo aeae NNN? A.A. Aannia?oiuo a
ssiiieth. “I?aaaea” 2/ IV ‘91 a.
Aeceo I.N. Ai?aa/aaa a ssiiieth. “I?iaeaiu Aeaeueiaai Ainoiea”. ? 9,
1991 a.
* * *
“A iieneao iiaiai iuoeaiey: i iieeoeea NNN? a ioiioaiee ssiiiee”. A.
Eoiaaeca, “IY e II”. ? 8, 1990 a.
NNN? – ssiiiey “Oaa e aeeaeiao”. I. Aeai/aiei, “IY e II”. ? 4, 1986 a.
“Ca oniao yiiii-niaaoneie ano?a/e a aa?oao: acaeyae ec ssiiiee”. O.
Eeio?a, “Eiiioieno”. ? 4 1991 a.
“Caeiaeeoue iniiau iiaiai iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai niiauanoaa”. ss. Iaeaniiy,
“IY e II”. ? 10, 1988 a.
NNN? – ssiiiey “Iiaeii ee iaieoe ?eou”. I. TH?ei, “Acey e Ao?eea
naaiaeiy”. ? 9, 1990 a.
( Aieeiaiiia Ae. “Naiue aiaeaeae.” Eieaa 2 I., 1995 a. (no?. 301)
** *a?iyaa A.N. “Oanoue eao n Ai?aa/aaui.” I., 1993 a. (no?. 89-90)
*** *a?iyaa A.N. “Oanoue eao n Ai?aa/aaui.” I., 1993 a. (no?. 91)
**** Ai?aa/aa I.N. “Aiaeu o?oaeiuo ?aoaiee.” I., 1993 a. (no?. 52)
* *a?iyaa A.N. “Oanoue eao n Ai?aa/aaui.” I., 1993 a. (no?. 41)
* “Ca iiaia iieeoe/aneia iuoeaiea a iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ioiioaieyo”. I.,
1987 a. (no?. 83)
** AI?O. ?aai/ay caienue canaaeaiey iieeoath?i io 29 ethiy 1985 a.
E. 2-3 (oeeo. ii eieaa Ae. Aieeiaiiiaa “Naiue aiaeaeae.”
Eieaa 2 I., 1995 a. (no?. 364-365)
*** Oaaa?iaaeca Y.A. “Iie auai?.” I., 1991 a. (no?. 86)
* “Ca iiaia iieeoe/aneia iuoeaiea a iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ioiioaieyo”. I.,
1987 a. (no?. 80)
** Ai?aa/aa I.N “Aiaeu o?oaeiuo ?aoaiee”. (no?. 49)
* Ni. Aeaao III
* Ni. A.I.Ei?ieaiei “Oieiaeiay aieia”: Naeaeaoaeuenoai aa o/anoieea. I.,
1995 a. (no?.197)
* “Ca iiaia iieeoe/aneia iuoeaiea a iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ioiioaieyo”. (no?.
34)
** Aiaeu o?oaeiuo ?aoaiee” (no?. 49)
*** “I?aaaea” 30 ethey 1986 a.
**** “Ecaanoey” 14 oaa?aey 1987 a.
* Ieaioi OeE EINN 23 ai?aey 1985 a. “Ca iiaia iieeoe/aneia iuoeaiea”.
(no?. 83)
** Ai?aa/aa I.N. “Aiaeu o?oaeiuo ?aoaiee”. (no?. 52)
*** “Ca iiaia iieeoe/aneia iuoeaiea”. (no?. 322)
**** Oai aea (no?. 322)
* Aanoiee IEAe NNN? ? 11 (45) 15 ethiy 1989 a. (no?. 5)
* “Ca iiaia iieeoe/aneia iuoeaiea”. (no?. 209)
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