Ieai:
no?.
Anooieaiea (?acaycuaaiea eiioeeeoa). 3
Enoi?ey /a/aioeaa
4
Ia/aei eiioeeeoa (31 aeaeaa?y 1994 a.) 6
Oeaee noi?ii
8
5. Caeeth/aiea
9
Anooieaiea
(?acaycuaaiea eiioeeeoa).
*a/aineay i?iaeaia-i?iaeaia iaoae no?aiu, iia ia noiaeeea n ia?auo
no?aieoe aacao, aeo?iaeia i?aeoe/anee ia i?ioyaeaiee o?ao eao. Auea
oaiie aeey iiiaeo i?ia?aii ia OA. Aeey aieueoeinoaa ethaeae iia oae e
inoaeanue «iaiiiyoiie aieiie». *a/aineay i?iaeaia ec naiie ino?ie a
nia?aiaiiie ?inneeneie enoi?ee i?aa?aoeeanue a naioth neo/ioth, ii a oi
aea naiia a?aiy, inoaaaynue aeooaeueiie. Iinea i?ae?auaiey aiaauo
aeaenoaee e ia/aea ia?aaiai?iiai i?ioeanna eioa?an e yoiio eiioeeeoo
ianeieueei oaan.
I?e neiaa *a/iy ia?aia, /oi i?eoiaeeo ia oi-yoi oaeanu, e?iaaaua
niauoey. Eaaeaony, aeey oiai /oiau i?ae?aoeoue eiioeeeo, ioaeii ia/aoue
ia?aaiai?u iaaeaeo aeaoiy i?ioeaiai?noaothueie noi?iiaie. Ii ieeoi ia
oi/ao caieiaoueny yoie ianouiie i?iaeaiie, ana ioeeaaeuaatho aa aei
eo/oeo a?aiai. Oau, iiiaia caaeneo io iieeoeeia, iniaaiii a aeaiiii
eiioeeeoa, eiaaea *a/iy iieacaea ia /oi iia niiniaia (ii naiaio iiaieth
n/eoaao naay iiaaaeeoaeueieoeae). ?inney aea ia ai?eo aeaeaieai
i?eciaoue naia ii?aaeaiea, a, cia/eo, e i?eciaoue naie ioeaee. Aaaeue
aeey iaa aieia a *a/aineie ?anioaeeea ieacaeanue iici?ii.
A naiae ?aaioa y iiiuoathnue ?anniio?aoue oa i?e/eiu, eioi?ua i?eaaee
e ?acaycuaaieth eiioeeeoa, e ia/aeo yoie oaeaniie aieiu. Ioaeii
aeiaaaeoue, /oi i?e ?anniio?aiee i?iaeaiu iaeuecy ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny
oieueei oai, /oi iaeia ec noi?ii auea i?aaa, a ae?oaay aeiiaaoa. Iaa
ia?iaea, oae eee eia/a, iino?aaeaee, iaa iiianee eae iaoa?eaeueiua, oae
e ethaeneea iioa?e.
Aeey ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoa ioaeii ?acia?aoueny a i?e/eiao aicieeiiaaiey,
a aeey yoiai eo/oa ia?aoeoueny e enoi?ee, iioiio /oi ioooaea eaeoo ana
i?e/eiu.
Enoi?ey /a/aioeaa
*a/aineay ?anioaeeea:
A ia/aea 40-o aa. XIX a. neeaaeuaaaony aaeeiia ainoaea?noai ia?iaeia
*a/ie e Aeaaanoaia – eiaiao Oaieey, – i?inouanoaiaaaoaa aei
ieii/aoaeueiiai iiei?aiey Eaaeaca ?inneae a 1859 a.
Aoyaeaaiea naaa?ieaaeacneiai ?aaeiia a yeiiiie/aneoth nenoaio
eaieoaeenoe/aneie ?innee aoi?ie iieiaeiu XIX a. iauaeoeaii ieacuaaei
iieiaeeoaeueiia aicaeaenoaea ia nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneia ?acaeoea e?ay.
A eiioea XIX a. oaea?ee ia?aue iaooyiie oiioai, ia/eiaaony «iaooyiay
eeoi?aaeea».
Aeey anao nioeeaeueiuo neiaa *a/ie Ieoya?ueneay ?aaiethoeey e
a?aaeaeaineay aieia yaeeenue i?iaeieaeaiea
iaoeeiiaeueii-inaiaiaeeoaeueiie ai?ueau i?ioea ?inneeneiai eieiieaeecia.
Eaiei e aieueoaaeee, iaauaaoea ai?oeai caieth e iaoeeiiaeueioth
ainoaea?noaaiiinoue, iieo/eee a *a/ia aaconeiaioth iiaeaea?aeeo.
Iaeiaei aaoiiiiey *a/ie (a ?aieao ?NON?), i?iaicaeaoaiiay 30 iiya?y 1922
a., a oneiaeyo iiaaaeeaoae niaaoneie aeanoe ieacaeanue oeeoeeae. N
na?aaeeiu 20-o aiaeia i?ioea *a/ie auea ii nouanoao ?acaycaia iiaay
aieia.
A 1934 a. *a/aineay e Eiaooneay aaoiiiiiua iaeanoe iauaaeeieeenue a
iaeio *a/aii-Eiaooneoth aaoiiiiioth iaeanoue, eioi?ay 5 aeaeaa?y 1936 a.
auea i?aia?aciaaia a *a/aii-Eiaooneoth ANN?.
23 oaa?aey 1944 aiaea *a/aii-Eiaooneay ANN? auea eeeaeaee?iaaia n
ianeeuenoaaiiie aeaii?oaoeeae ia?iaea a ?aeiiu Eacaonoaia e N?aaeiae
Acee. Nauoa iieoieeeeiia /a/aioeaa e eiaooae auee aeaii?oe?iaaiu.
Oieiae, aieiae, oeo ia?aeee iaoneea ia?iaeu ia auie?aiea: /a?ac aiae a
aeeauo ia inoaaaeinue e 300 ouny/, inoaeueiua i?eiyee io/aie/aneoth
nia?oue. Yoiio i?anooieaieth niaaoneiai ainoaea?noaa anoue th?eaee/aneia
ii?aaeaeaiea – aaiioeeae. Ii a ioee/ea io oaoenoneiai aaiioeeaea
noaeeinei-niaaoneee aaiioeeae ia iieo/ee inoaeaeaiey, aai eniieieoaee ia
iaeacaiu, iineaaenoaey aei neo ii? ia eeeaeaee?iaaiu.
A yiaa?a 1957 a. *a/aii-Eiaooneay ANN? auea ainnoaiiaeaia. Ii i?e yoii
ieacaeenue cae?uouie aeey i?iaeeaaiey ianeieueeeo ai?iuo ?aeiiia *a/ie,
ai?oeaa noaee aiaeai?youe a ieineinoiua aoeu e a eaca/uee noaieoeu.
E oieueei n aicaeooii ia?ano?ieee /a/aioeu iieo/eee aeioie naiaiaeu.
Auee iinoaaeaiu ia iiaanoeo aeiy aii?inu ia?aoaiey iiaeeeiiiai
noaa?aieoaoa. Yoi noaei aiciiaeiui a ?acoeueoaoa oao e?oiiuo
nioeeaeueiuo, yeiiiie/aneeo e eoeueoo?iuo naeaeaia, i?iecioaaeoeo a
?anioaeeea ca iineaaeiea aeanyoeeaoey.
Ai aoi?ie iieiaeia 80-o aiaeia i?ioeann aeooiaiiai ?inoa ieeeeiiiiai
/a/aineiai ia?iaea iioae naieieeueiuie oaaaie. Eiaiii a *a/ia
ca?iaeeeenue ia?aua ia Eaaeaca iieeoe/aneea ia?oee e i?aaiecaoeee,
iacaaeneiua io ainiiaenoaothuae nenoaiu. A oeaeii ?acei au?inei
iaoeeiiaeueiia naiiniciaiea, iiyaeeenue ia?aua eiioeaioeee aeaeueiaeoaai
iieeoe/aneiai ?acaeoey ?anioaeeee ii iooe iacaaeneiinoe.
23-25 iiya?y 1990 a. a a. A?iciii i?ioae iauaiaoeeiiaeueiue nuacae
/a/aineiai ia?iaea, nia?aaoee i?aaenoaaeoaeae anao neiaa iauanoaa, anao
ia?oee e aeaeaeaiee. Ia iai auea iinoaaeaia eiie?aoiay caaea/a –
i?iaicaeaoaiea noaa?aiiie *a/aineie ?anioaeeee. Aeey ?aaeueiie ?aaiou
iaae aeinoeaeaieai yoie oeaee aue eca?ai Eniieieoaeueiue eiieoao.
?oeiaiaenoai *a/aii-Eiaooneie ?anioaeeee ai aeaaa n Aeieo Caaaaaaui auei
auioaeaeaii io?aaae?iaaoue ia yoi i?eiyoeai Aeaeea?aoeee i noaa?aieoaoa.
Iaeiaei aeaeueoa noaoai aeaeea?aoeaiuo cayaeaiee aeaei ia iioei.
Neaaeoao neacaoue, /oi n yoiai a?aiaie iai?yaeaiea a ?anioaeeea ia/eiaao
?anoe. Caaaaaaa a oi a?aiy ia iniai ethaeee a ia?iaea, ia oieueei
iioiio, /oi ii aue auoiaeoeai n ?aaieiu (o /a/aioeaa i?eaeaaony aieueoia
cia/aiea oiio, ioeoaea i?eoae /aeiaae), ii e oiio aea aai n/eoaee ca
noaaeaiieea Iineau. Iiyoiio aei 1991 a. Ae.Caaaaaa iuoaeny oaea?aeaoue
aeanoue ca n/ao naiaai aaoi?eoaoa, ii ii noae caeiaeieeii aaaonoianeeo
niauoee e aue naa?aioo eae «noi?iiiee AE*I» oaea a Naioya?a.
A ?acoeueoaoa auai?ia 27 ieoya?y 1991 a. aue eca?ai I?aceaeaio *a/aineie
?anioaeeee e Ia?eaiaio.
1 iiya?y 1991 a. auoae Oeac I?aceaeaioa i ainoaea?noaaiiii noaa?aieoaoa
*a/aineie ?anioaeeee, /oi icia/aei aa ?aaeueiue auoiae ec ninoaaa
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. Ii eae anaaaea a aeeciue yoi ?aoaiea oae e ia
oaeaeinue i?aoai?eoue.
A yoi a?aiy Aeoaeaaa aianoa ni naieie noi?iiieeaie i?eia?aoaao ana
aieueooth iiioey?iinoue, a oaea a 1992 a. caoaaouaaao aeanoue. Ca n/ao
naieo eaeae e eicoiaia aio oaeaeinue i?eaea/ue ia naith noi?iio aieueoia
eiee/anoai ia?iaea.
Eaeae:
ainnoaiiaeaiea Ai?neie ?anioaeeee (iaeia ec ethaeiuo eaeae), o.a.
aaeeiia ainoaea?noai, eioi?ia iauaaeeieo ana ia?iaeu Eaaeaca.
I?iaicaeaoaiea iacaaeneiinoe *a/ie.
Ii/aio eiaiii /a/aioeu aicaeaaeee iioiae Eaaeaca e anaiauae
iacaaeneiinoe – yoi
eaaei iauynieoue (o?acaiu a i?aaao, a, e?iia oiai, /a/aioeu auee
aica?auaiu O?ouaaui ia eo ?iaeiua caiee iinea 13-oe eao aunueee, ii ia
auee ainnoaiiaeaiu a i?aaao).
Oaeeaeoaeueii oi, /oi aei ia/aea aaiaea aiene a *a/ith /a/aioeu
auee ?acaeaeaiu iaaeaeo niaie:
?aaeiiaeueiua ?acee/ey (3 ?aaeiiaeueiuo a?oiiu: Iaaeoa?a/iue ?-i, Iaeay
e Aieueoay *a/iy).
A ?anioaeeea ai?ueaa iaaeaeo ?aaeiiaeueiuie a?oiie?iaeaie noaea
aeiieie?othuei oaeoi?ii iieeoe/aneie aeecie iinea ia/aea ia?ano?ieee.
oaeiiaua (ieiei 180 oaeiia), a oaeiii n/eoaaony ?iaei-oa??eoi?eaeueiay
iauiinoue (iauaaeeiaiea iioiieia auoiaeoeaa n “iaeiie ai?u”).
?aaeiiaeueiua e oaeiiaua ?acee/ey anooiatho eiiaaea a i?ioeai?a/ey.
A oaea 26 iiya?y 1994 aiaea aue i?aaieciaai ia?aue oaieiaue
ooo?i A?iciiai, /oi icia/aei: aiaiiua aeaenoaey i?ioea *a/ie ia/aeenue.
Ie?iia ianaeaiea ?innee auei i?ioea i?eiaiaiey aiaiiie neeu ii
ioiioaieth e E/ea?ee. Aiaiiay neea – yoi e?aeiee oaa. Iineaa no?aieeanue
e yooaeoiiio aiaiiiio ?aoaieth /a/aineie i?iaeaiu (e iaeaiueeie, ii
iiaaaeiiiniie aieia, eioi?ay oe?aieea au iieiaeaiea e?aieaaneie yeeou).
Ia/aei eiioeeeoa
(31 aeaeaa?y 1994 a.)
Nionoy ianeieueei aeiae, a eiaiii 30 iiya?y 1994 aiaea A.I. Aeueoeei
iiaeienuaaao nae?aoiue oeac i aaiaea aiene a *a/aineoth ?anioaeeeo.
“Eiaaea oao noiaeeo n oia, ii eaeao iioiaeii ia Eaaeac.”
31 aeaeaa?y 1994 aiaea – ioeoeeaeueiue aaiae aiene a *a/ith.
Iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiue eiioeeeo a naiii ?acaa?a, iao iooe iacaae. I?eiaieoue
neeo aiaiiuo anaaaea eaaei, iniaaiii i?e ?ac?aoaiee eiioeeeoa. Eaaeaeay
no?aia iaeiieea iiuo a yoie noa?a, a ?inney – oai aieaa (iiaeaeoe,
ae?oaeo niiniaia ?aoaiey eiioeeeoia ?inneeneay aeeieiiaoey ia ciaea,
eee, ii e?aeiae ia?a, ia oioaea i?eiaiyoue).
Neaaeoao neacaoue, /oi iniiaiuie i?e/eiaie yoiai eiioeeeoa auee ia
oieueei, eae i?eiyoi n/eoaoue, iaooyiua eioa?anu iieeoe/aneie e
yeiiiie/aneie yeeo (oioy iie nua?aee ia iineaaeithth ?ieue), a oaeaea
no?aieaiea *a/ie e iacaaeneiinoe. Ae?oaeie i?e/eiaie auee e iineaaenoaey
?acaaea Niaaoneiai Nithca, eiaaea o *a/ie iiyaeeanue aiciiaeiinoue
nicaeaoue naith a?ieth (iinea auaiaea auaoeo niaaoneeo aiene ia
oa??eoi?ee *a/ie inoaeinue a?ioaiiia i?oaeea, e?iia oiai, auee
onoaiiaeaiu nayce ii aeinoaaea i?oaeey).
*a/aioeu n/eoaee, /oi a enoi?ee iao oaeie neeu, eioi?ay niiaea au
iiae/eieoue eo. Iiyoiio iinea ia/aea aieiu iauaaeeieoaeueiui ia/aeii
aeey anao /a/aioeaa noaee iaoeeiiaeueiua eaeaaeu e eioa?anu.
I?e/eiu niaiaee n oeaeyie, eae o ?inneeneie noi?iiu, oae e o /a/aineie.
E na?aaeeia ia?oa 1995 a. iauay /eneaiiinoue ee/iiai ninoaaa caeiiiuo
aii?oaeaiiuo oi?ie?iaaiee, aac o/aoa iioaioeeaeueiuo ?aca?aia a ai?iuo
?aeiiao, ian/eouaaea aieaa 9 oun. /aeiaae, ec eioi?uo iaaiieee e
aeia?iaieueoeu ec aeeaeiaai e aeaeueiaai ca?oaaaeuey ninoaaeyeeaieaa
3,5 oun. /aeiaae.
Ia eo aii?oaeaiee eiaeinue: oaieia – ieiei 22 aae., AII (AO?)
-32-36 aae., i?oaeee IA e I – 35-42 aae., onoaiiaie ?NCI AI-21 –
5-7aae., CNO (CIO) – 16-18 aae. I?e yoii n ia/aeii oaa?aey ianyoea
auei ioia/aii oaaee/aiea /enea a?iiaoaoieee a aeaa ?aca, i?oaeee IA e I
-a n?aaeiai ia 10-12 aaeeieoe ca n/ao ?aiiioa, iaeaaeaiiiai ia
i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo ?yaea ianaeaiiuo ioieoia, a oii /enea Oaee e
Aoaea?iana, a oaeaea iinoaaie ec Aca?aaeaeaeaia /a?ac oa??eoi?eth
Aeaaanoaia. Neaaeiaaei o/eouaaoue oaeaea iaee/ea iaeioi?iai eiee/anoaa
oaieia n iaeni?aaiinoyie ?acee/iiai oa?aeoa?a, eniieuecoaiuo a
ea/anoaa noaoeeiia?iuo iaiaauo oi/ae.
Eiiaiaeiaaiea iacaeiiiuo aii?oaeaiiuo oi?ie?iaaiee i?iaiaeeei
aeoeaioth ?aaioo ii niaa?oainoaiaaieth iai?iiu a caiaaeiie, ainoi/iie e
thai-ainoi/iie ciiao *? e nicaeaieth ia?oecaineeo aac a ai?iuo
?aeiiao thaa ?anioaeeee, i?iaeieaeaei ia?aa?oiie?iaeo nee e n?aaenoa n
oeaeueth
iiaeaioiaee e aeaeueiaeoaio nii?ioeaeaieth oaaea?aeueiui aieneai.
Iniia- iua oneeey i?e yoii nin?aaeioi/eaaeenue ia oe?aieaiee
iai?iiu ia aoaea?ianneii e oaeeineii iai?aaeaieyo.
Oeaio?aeueiay a?oiie?iaea IAO ian/eouaaea nauoa iaeiie ouny/e
/aeiaae e eiaea ia aii?oaeaiee: oaieia – 3-4 aae. (e?iia oiai,
ioaeaeueiua oaiee eniieueciaaeinue a ea/anoaa noaoeeiia?iuo iaiaauo
oi/ae),AII (AO?) – 4-6 aae., i?oaeee IA e I – 7-8 aae., onoaiiaie ?NCI
AI-21 – 1-2 aae., CNO (CO) – 2-3 aae. Ia?aae iae noaaeeanue caaea/a
oaea?aeeaaoue caieiaaiua iiceoeee thaeiaa A?iciiai, a i?eai?iaeao
noieeoeu ?anioaeeee e aeeceaaeaueo ianaeaiiuo ioieoao, aeoeaece?iaaoue
aeeaa?neiiii-oa??i?enoe/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue e iaania/eoue auea?uo
ai a?aiaie aeey i?iaeieaeaiey ?aaio ii nicaeaieth a ainoi/iuo
?aeiiao iiauo ?oaaaeae iai?iiu, a caiaaeiie /anoe oa??eoi?ee *a/ie –
oceia nii?ioeaeaiey, a ia thaa e thai-ainoiea – ia?oecaineeo aac.
Ainoi/iay a?oiie?iaea iacaeiiiuo aii?oaeaiiuo oi?ie?iaaiee a
neiaeeaoaeny neooaoeee noaiiaeeanue aeaaiie, iineieueeo oeaio? aeoeaiiai
aii?oaeaiiiai i?ioeainoiyiey oaaea?aeueiui aieneai ia?aianoeeny a
ain- oi/iua ?aeiiu ?anioaeeee, aaea i?iaeieaeaeenue eiaeaia?iua
?aaiou ii nicaeaieth e niaa?oainoaiaaieth ?oaaaeae iai?iiu e oceia
nii?ioeaeaiey, eiaeenue aianiiniaiua aii?oaeaiiua oi?ie?iaaiey,
auee nicaeaiu caianu i?oaeey, aiai?eiania, iaaeeeaiaioia e
i?iaeiaieuenoaey aeey aaoiiiiiiai aaaeaiey aiaauo aeaenoaee a
oa/aiea i?iaeieaeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie. Iauay /eneaiiinoue ee/iiai ninoaaa
yoie a?oiie?iaee i?aauoaea 6 oun. /aeiaae. Ia aa aii?oaeaiee eiaeinue:
oaieia – 5-6 aae., AII (AO?) – 11-12 aae, i?oaeee IA e I – 10-12 aae.,
onoaiiaie ?NCI AI-21 – aei 3 aae., CNO (CO) – 3-4 aae.
Iniiaiua oneeey auee nin?aaeioi/aiu ia oaea?aeaiee ai?iaeia A?aoi
e Aoaea?ian. Ai?iae Aoaea?ian aue iauyaeai a?aiaiiie noieeoeae *a/ie e
aeieaeai aue noaoue ii au?aaeaieth Ae. Aeoaeaaaa “iai?enooiiie
e?aiinoueth”.
Caiaaeiay a?oiie?iaea nin?aaeioi/eaaeanue a ?aeiia Aaioo, Naiao-
ee, A/oie-Ia?oai, Aneiianeay, A?oou. *eneaiiinoue aa ee/iiai ninoaaa
ninoaaeyea ieiei o?ao ouny/ /aeiaae. Ia eo aii?oaeaiee eiaeinue: oaieia
– 3-4 aae., AII (AO?) – 3-4 aae., i?oaeee IA e I – 4-5 aae., onoaiiaie
?NCI AI-21 – 2-3 aae., CNO (CO) – 2-3 aae.
Ianaeaiiua ioieou a i?ea?aie/iuo n ?anioaeeeie Eiaooaoey ?aei-
iao *a/aineie ?anioaeeee, iieeiooua ianoiuie aeeoaeyie, auee i?aa?a-
uaiu a oi?ioi iai?oaeiaaiiua a eiaeaia?iii ioiioaiee oceu iai?iiu
Ioia/aeinue nin?aaeioi/aiea io?yaeia e a?oii iacaeiiiuo aii?oaeaiiuo
oi?ie?iaaiee iauae /eneaiiinoueth aei iaeiie ouny/e /aeiaae a Aaiooa.
Naaa?iay a?oiie?iaea auea nicaeaia, aeaaiui ia?acii, aeey
i?iaaaeaiey aeeaa?neiiii-oa??i?enoe/aneeo aeoeee ia aeaeaciuo aei?iaao.
Iia ian/eouaaea aieaa iaeiie ouny/e /aeiaae e eiaea ia aii?oaeaiee:
oaieia – 1-2 aae., AII (AO?) – 1-2 aae., i?oaeee IA e I – 2-3 aae.,
CN (CO) – 1-2 aae.. Yoa a?oiie?iaea aeaenoaiaaea ?ac?iciaiiuie
a?oiiaie ii 20-50 /aeiaae e i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe iiaea auoue oneeaia ca
n/ao nee ainoi/iie a?oiie?iaee.
Oeaee noi?ii
Oeaee ?innee:
yeiiiie/aneea eioa?anu (iaooue)
iieeoe/aneea ?an/aou (no?aieaiea iiaeiyoue aaoi?eoao oeaio?aeueiie
aeanoe)
i?aaiaua caaiou (iaaanoe ii?yaeie a *a/ia)
aea?aeaaiua /oanoaa (nio?aieoue oeaeinoiinoue ?innee e oe?aieoue aa).
Oeaee *a/ie:
no?aieaiea ionoiyoue iacaaeneiinoue
nicaeaiea eneaineiai ainoaea?noaa
3. io?aaeaee eioa?anu iiaie ca?iaeeaoaeny iieeoe/aneie yeeou.
Aiaoia aeaenoaey /a/aineie noi?iiu auaeyaeyo i?eaeaeaoaeueiaa: iia
iai?iiyeanue, a ?inneeneay – iaiaaeaea; ianooaau ?ac?ooaiee e aeaaeue
ethaeae io ?inneeneeo aiene aanueia cia/eoaeueiu. Ii ieeoi ia iiaeao
ii?aaaeaoue yoo aieio n /a/aineie noi?iiu. Iooue ia?aaiai?ia n
iaeiia?aiaiiui ?aci?oaeaieai aeaaae iaiaeua auaiaeu, auea aiciiaeiinoue
oe?iei i?eiaieoue no?aoaaeth e oaeoeeo iaianeeuenoaaiiiai nii?ioeaeaiey.
Aaaeouaa cia/aiea a oa?aeoa?enoeea yoie aieiu eiaao aa i?aaiaay
ioeaiea. Niaeanii Eiinoeoooeee I?aceaeaio ia eiaao i?aai ?aoaoue aii?inu
aieiu e ie?a, iie yaeythony i?a?iaaoeaie ia?eaiaioa. N iiiaioa, eiaaea
iieeoeaeneay aeoeey ia?a?inea a aieio, I?aceaeaio iaycai aue
?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny ?aoaieyie ia?eaiaioa. Oai aieaa /oi 8 aeaeaa?y 1994
aiaea Niaao Oaaea?aoeee i?eiye iinoaiiaeaiea, a eioi?ii oeacuaaeinue:
“Ia aeiioneaoue i?eiaiaiey neeu ia oa??eoi?ee *a/aineie ?anioaeeee aei
i?eiyoey a niioaaonoaee n Eiinoeoooeeae ?O eiiiaoaioiuie i?aaiaie eiiai
?aoaiey”. Iaeiaei I?aceaeaio i?iecaieueii iiaeiaiee ia?eaiaio NA, ia
eiathuei aeanoiuo iieiiii/ee. Aieia a *a/ia auea ?acaycaia.
Aiaiiua aeaenoaey a *a/ia i?ae?auaiu, a ii?aaeaeaiea noaoona *a/aineie
?anioaeeee ioeiaeaii ia iyoeeaoiee n?ie. Iiyoiio i ?ac?aoaiee yoiai
eiioeeeoa aiai?eoue aua ?aii.
Ianiio?y ia yoi, *a/aineay ?anioaeeea n/eoaao naay iacaaeneiie. A.
Ianoaaeia i?eeaaaao ana oneeey, /oiau aeiaeoueny iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
i?eciaiey ?anioaeeee, o.e. no?aiu Aa?iiu niiaoo a aeaeueiaeoai iiaeeyoue
ia ?aoaiea ?innee i noaoona *a/ie.
Ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue ieeoi ia oi/ao caieiaoueny yoie i?iaeaiie,
iioiio /oi, anee ?inney i?eciaao iacaaeneiinoue *a/ie, oi iia oaeaea
i?eciaao naia ii?aaeaiea a yoie “iici?iie” aieia.
Iia eaaeaony, ianiio?y ia oi, /oi i?aaeinoaaeaiea iacaaeneiinoe *a/ia
eaeao a ?ac?ac n ?inneeneie iieeoeeie, *a/iy caneoaeeea aa oeaiie naiae
e?iae e ia?iiiuie iioa?yie. A oaeaea, i?eiya yoi ?aoaiea, nieiaony ?yae
ianouiuo i?iaeai:
aaaeaioeu (oiaiueoeony iioie)
aica?auaiea aiaiiiieaiiuo e caeiaeieeia
CAEETH*AIEA
I?iaaaeaiea iia?aoeee ii ?aci?oaeaieth iacaeiiiuo
aii?oaeaiiuo oi?-
ie?iaaiee ia oa??eoi?ee *a/aineie ?anioaeeee yaeyeinue
iaeaieaa
e?oiiui i?eiaiaieai oaaea?aeueiuo aiene aeey ?ac?aoaiey e?ecena
aioo?e ?innee.
Niaaeeiaieyi e /anoyi oaaea?aeueiuo aiene i?ioeainoiyee
oi?ioi
iiaeaioiaeaiiua, aii?oaeaiiua nia?aiaiiuie aii?oaeaieai e aiaiiie
oao-
ieeie oi?ie?iaaiey, ioee/athueany aunieei ii?aeueiui aeooii
ee/iiai
ninoaaa. E?iia oiai, Ae. Aeoaeaaa ia iiaiooaeny i?eaea/ue
iaaiieeia e
aeia?iaieueoeaa ec ainoaea?noa eae aeeaeiaai, oae e aeaeueiaai
ca?oaaaeuey.
*anoe e iiae?acaeaeaiey Aii?oaeaiiuo Nee auee ?aoathuae
neeie i?e
auiieiaiee iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/. Iie oniaoii aaee aiaaua aeaenoaey
eae
aia ianaeaiiuo ioieoia, oae e i?e iaeaaeaiee eie.
A oiaea aaaeaiey iia?aoeee niaa?oainoaiaaeenue neaaeaiiinoue
i?aaiia
oi?aaeaiey e iiaeaioiaea iiae?acaeaeaiee e /anoae.
Aiaeec ?acaeoey aiaiii-iieeoe/aneie ianoaiiaee a
*a/aineie
?anioaeeea n i?eoiaeii e aeanoe Ae. Aeoaeaaaa, ia?, i?eieiaaoeony
?in-
neeneei ?oeiaiaenoaii ii ?ac?aoaieth /a/aineiai e?ecena,
iiaeaioiaee e
i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeee ii ?aci?oaeaieth iacaeiiiuo aii?oaeaiiuo
oi?ie?i-
aaiee iicaieyao naeaeaoue ?yae auaiaeia, o/ao eioi?uo a
iineaaeothuai iia
au nouanoaaiii iaeaa/eoue ?aoaiea caaea/, aiaeiae/iuo oai,
eioi?ua
i?eoeinue ?aoaoue a *a/ia.
A iniiaa aicieeiiaaiey aii?oaeaiiiai eiioeeeoa eaaeeo
iinoaiaiiia iaino?aiea ?acee/iuo i?ioeai?a/ee (iieeoe/aneeo,
oa??e-
oi?eaeueiuo, yeiiiie/aneeo, iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiuo e ae?.) A naiai
?acaeoee
ii i?aoa?iaaaao ianeieueei yoaiia (ca?iaeaeaiea, iaino?aiea,
e?ecen),
/oi iicaieyao naeaeaoue i?ioeann ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoa oi?aaeyaiui.
Aai
?ac?aoaiea – iauaainoaea?noaaiiay caaea/a, a ia oieueei aiaiiuo.
Iia
aeieaeia ?aoaoueny i?eiaiaieai eiiieaena aeeieiiaoe/aneeo e
aiaiiuo
ia?. Eniieueciaaiea anaai a?naiaea ie?iuo n?aaenoa n iii?ie ia
aiai-
ioth iiuue iicaieyao i?aaeioa?aoeoue eiioeeeo ia ?aiiae noaaeee.
Iniia-
iui oceei ianoii a i?aaiecaoeee i?aaeioa?auaiey eiioeeeoa
inoaaony
ionoonoaea, ianiaeaniaaiiinoue, a ii?ie e i?ioeai?a/eainoue
nouanoao-
thuaai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa.
Iieeoe/aneei ?oeiaiaenoaii, i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie
aeanoe
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee a 1991-1994 a.a. i?aaei?eieiaeenue
iaeioi?ua
iiiuoee ?ac?aoeoue /a/aineee e?ecen ie?iui iooai. Iaeiaei, iie
caeeth-
/aeenue a iniiaiii a nouaeeeaie eiinoaoaoeee oaeoia
aioeeiinoeoooeeii-
iuo aeaenoaee aeoaeaaaneiai ?oeiaiaenoaa, ecaeaiee oeacia,
iinoaiiaeaiee
e ae?oaeo aeieoiaioia, iineaoeo, eae i?aaeei, aeaeea?aoeaiue
oa?aeoa?.
Eiino?oeoeaiua i?aeoe/aneea oaae ii i?eiyoeth aeaenoaaiiuo
iieeoe/an-
eeo ia? ii eieaeecaoeee c?athuaai ia?uaa a *a/ia i?aaei?eiyou ia
auee.
Ana yoi iicaieeei Ae.Aeoaeaaao e aai noi?iiieeai i?aa?aoeoue
?anioaeeeo
a e?eieiaeueioth yeiiiie/aneoth ciio, nicaeaoue aeinoaoi/ii
iiaeaioiaeai-
iua e iniauaiiua aii?oaeaiiua oi?ie?iaaiey.
?oeiaiaenoaii ?innee i?aeoe/anee ia auea i?iaaaeaia ?aaioa
ii
oi?ie?iaaieth iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey ianaeaiey no?aiu
ioiineoaeueii
iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?eiaiaiey neeu aeey ?ac?aoaiey /a/aineiai
e?ecena.
Ionoonoaea aaeeinoaa acaeyaeia ii yoiio aii?ino o
i?aaenoaaeoaeae
i?aaiia oaaea?aeueiie eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe n iaeiie noi?iiu e
caeiii-
aeaoaeueiie – n ae?oaie, i?ioeai?a/eaay iieaieea a n?aaenoaao
ianniaie
eioi?iaoeee i?aiyonoaiaaee au?aaioea o ?inneyi oaa?aeie iiceoeee a
io-
iioaiee *a/ie, a oaeaea oaaaeaeaiiinoe a iaiaoiaeeiinoe
i?eiaiaiey
aiene aeey ?ac?aoaiey e?ecena.
E?iia oiai, ?acaa?iooay e yoiio a?aiaie a n?aaenoaao
ianniaie
eioi?iaoeee eaiiaiey, oi?ie?othuay eca?auaiiia i?aaenoaaeaiea i
?iee e ianoa a?iee a ?aoaiee caaea/e ii ?aci?oaeaieth iacaeiiiuo
aii?oaeaiiuo
oi?ie?iaaiee *a/ie,aunooieaiey ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ?yaea ?aaeiiia
?innee e aeaiooaoia Ainaeoiu, i?ioanou eiieoaoia nieaeaoneeo iaoa?ae e
iaeioi-
?uo ae?oaeo iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee e?aeia iaaaoeaii
neacaeenue ia
ii?aeueii-ineoieiae/aneii ninoiyiee ee/iiai ninoaaa Aii?oaeaiiuo
Nee, aiene (nee) ae?oaeo aaaeiinoa, i?eieiaaoeo o/anoea a
ainnoaiiaeaiee
eiinoeoooeeiiiiai ii?yaeea e ?aci?oaeaiee iacaeiiiuo aii?oaeaiiuo
oi?ie?iaaiee ia oa??eoi?ee *a/aineie ?anioaeeee.
Oaea n ia/aeii auaeaeaeaiey ?inneeneea aienea noieeioeenue n
i?i-
yaeaieyie aiieia ii?aaeaeaiiie nieeaea?iinoe n aeoaeaaaneei
?aaeeiii ni
noi?iiu iaeioi?ie /anoe ianaeaiey Eiaooaoee e Aeaaanoaia. Yoi
au?a-
ceeinue a iiiuoeao eiaooae e aeaaanoaioeaa, i?iaeeaathueo a
i?ea?aie/iuo n *a/iae ?aeiiao, aini?aiyonoaiaaoue i?iaeaeaeaieth
?inneeneeo aiene aieioue aei i?iaaaeaiey ioe?uouo aii?oaeaiiuo
aeoeee i?ioea iaeioi?uo iiae?acaeaeaiee. Yoe aeoeee ca/anooth
inouanoaeyeenue i?e i?yiii o/anoee neeiauo no?oeoo? oeacaiiuo
aaoiiiiee e n iie/aeeaiai niaeaney eo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae naiiai aunieiai
?aiaa. O/ao aeaiiiai oaeoi?a e au?aaioea ia? ii i?aiaeieaieth
iineaaenoaee aai aicaeaenoaey aeieaeiu noaoue
iaeiie ec ia?aii/a?aaeiuo caaea/ Oeaio?a.
Iaino?aiea /a/aineiai e?ecena aeoeaece?iaaei aeayoaeueiinoue
?yaea
iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneeo, ?aeeaeiciuo e ae?oaeo nee e aeaeaeaiee
ia
Naaa?iii Eaaeaca, a Caeaaeacuea, no?aiao aeeaeiaai e aeaeueiaai
ca?o-
aaaeuey, eioi?ua ia eicoiaao eneaineie nieeaea?iinoe, ai?neiai
a?aon-
oaa e ei iiaeiaiuo iuoaeenue i?aaieciaaoue iiaeaea?aeeo e
iiiiuue ?aaeeio
Ae.Aeoaeaaaa.
Iaeo?aeecaoeey iaaaoeaiie ?iee iiaeiaiuo i?aaiecaoeee
aeieaeia auoue
caaea/ae eae iieeoe/aneie, oae e th?eaee/anei-i?aaiaie e aeaaea,
a ea-
eie-oi ia?a, neeiaie. Aa ?aoaieai aeieaeiu caieiaoueny, aeaaiui
ia?a-
cii, oaaea?aeueiua e ianoiua aaeieieno?aoeaiua i?aaiu aeanoe,
i?aaiu
thnoeoeee, i?aaiii?yaeea e aaciianiinoe. I?e yoii iaiaoiaeeii
enoiaeeoue
ec oiai, /oi ia oa??eoi?ee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee iaaeiionoeia
aacia-
eacaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue ethauo i?aaiecaoeee, aunooiathueo a
iiaeaea?aeeo
aioeeiinoeoooeeiiiuo nee i?ioea oa??eoi?eaeueiie oeaeinoiinoe
?inneen-
eiai ainoaea?noaa.
*a/aineee e?ecen e ?acaeoea ?aaeueiie ianoaiiaee a ae?oaeo
naaa-
?i-eaaeacneeo aaoiiiieyo naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i oii, /oi Oeaio? a
cia/e-
oaeueiie ia?a ineaaee eiio?ieue iaae yoei ?aaeiiii thaa ?innee,
neeoeii
aeiaa?eaoenue iaoeeiiaeueiui aaeieieno?aoeeyi.
Eae iieacae iiuo i?eiaiaiey aiene a *a/aineie ?anioaeeea,
ee/-
iue ninoaa ia aue a iieiie ia?a aioia e auiieiaieth oaeiai ?iaea
ca-
aea/ aac aeiiieieoaeueiie iiaeaioiaee . Iiyoiio iaiaoiaeeii
ecuneeaaoue
iiaua oi?iu e niiniau iiaeaioiaee aiene, i?iaaaeaieth aiaaiai
neaaeeaa-
iey ii oei?i/aiiie i?ia?aiia. Iaiaoiaeeii au?aaioaoue nenoaio
oei?i-
/aiiie iiaeaioiaee n ii?aaeaeaieai iniiaiuo, ieieiaeueii
iaiaoiaeeiuo
i?aaeiaoia iao/aiey, oai caiyoee e ii?yaeea eo i?iaaaeaiey. Yoa
nenoa-
ia iicaieeo onei?aiii aioiaeoue aienea e aiaaiio i?eiaiaieth ia
oieue-
ei a neooaoeee, iiaeiaiie /a/aineie, ii e i?e i?iaaaeaiee aiaaiai
nea-
aeeaaiey a oiaea iiaeeecaoeeiiiiai ?acaa?ouaaiey aiene. Oaeay
oei?i-
/aiiay iiaeaioiaea iiaeao auoue i?eiaiaia e i?e iaaeinoaoea
aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa ia aiaaoth iiaeaioiaeo. I?e iiaeaioiaea ee/iiai ninoaaa e
iiae-
?acaeaeaiee e auiieiaieth aiaauo caaea/ iaiaoiaeeii oaeaeyoue
aieiaiea
iaeeii/iie iiaeaioiaea e aeaenoaeyi a ninoaaa iiae?acaeaeaiee a
iaoai
ii?yaeea aac iiaeaea?aeee aiaaie oaoieeie.
Aiaaie iiuo, iieo/aiiue a *? iieacae, anee ia ia?auo
yoaiao
aiaauo aeaenoaee ii ?acee/iui i?e/eiai a oi?aaeaiee iiae/eiaiiuie
ni-
aaeeiaieyie, /anoyie e iiae?acaeaeaieyie auee aeiiouaiu
caa/eoaeueiua
ioeaee, oi a iineaaeothuai ec yoiai aeaeaeenue auaiaeu e aac
aeaoaeueiiai
?aoaiey aii?inia oi?aaeaiey, iniaaiii acaeiiaeaenoaey e nayce,
iia-
?aoeee ia i?iaiaeeeenue. I?aeoeea iieacaea, /oi cia/eoaeueii
neiaeiaa
auei io?aaioaoue aii?inu acaeiiaeaenoaey n aieneaie IAAe e AA,
ii a
aeaeueiaeoai, n i?eia?aoaieai aiaaiai iiuoa, e yoe aii?inu
?aoaeenue
ia aeieaeiii o?iaia.
Oaeei ia?acii, ianiio?y ia ana eiaaoea ianoi
iaaeinoaoee e
i?in/aou, i?iaaaeaiiue aiaeec aiaauo aeaenoaee iieacae, i?aaiu
oi?aa-
eaiey anao noaiaiae, niaaeeiaiey, /anoe e iiae?acaeaeaiey,
auiieiyaoea
aiaaua caaea/e a oiaea i?iaaaeaiey niaoeeaeueiie iia?aoeee ii
?aci?oaeaieth
IAO ia oa??eoi?ee *a/aineie ?anioaeeee, ia anao yoaiao n
iinoaaeai-
iuie ia?aae ieie caaea/aie ni?aaeeenue oniaoii, i?e yoii ee/iui
ninoa- aii auee i?iyaeaiu ia?acoeu ioaeanoaa e aa?iecia.
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