Iao/iie iniiaie ?oeiaiaenoaa EINN, Niaaoneiai ainoaea?noaa,
i?aeoeeie oicyenoaiaaiey a nioeeaeenoe/aneii iauanoaa yaeyaony i
iieeoe/aneay yeiiiiey nioeeaeecia, iniiau eioi?ie auee caeiaea-
iu A.E.Eaieiui.
Iieeoe/aneay yeiiiiey nioeeaeecia iinoiyiii ?acaeaaaony ia
iiuoa oicyenoaaiiie aeecie NNN? e ae?oaeo no?ai nioeeaeecia. A
oiaea aeecie ia?aae ia?oeae, o?oaeyueieny anoatho iiaua neiaeiua
caaea/e, e aeey ?aoaiey eo ia?iiiia cia/aiea eiaao eaeaeiia ianeaae-
noai A.E.Eaieia.
I?eciaiea aeaenoaey i?e nioeeaeecia iauaeoeaiuo yeiiiie/aneeo
caeiiia, iacaaeneiuo io niciaiey e aiee ethaeae, iiciaaaaiuo ethaeue-
ie e ieaiiia?ii eniieuecoaiuo eie a i?aeoeea oicyenoaiaaiey,
ninoaaeyao iniiao iieeoe/aneie yeiiiiee nioeeaeecia. A.E.Eaiei
enoiaeee ec oiai , /oi i?e nioeeaeecia oicyenoaaiiay aeeciue aoaeao
iiae/eiyoueny ii?aaeaeaiiui iauaeoeaiui caeiiai. Iiuo ia?auo eao
n?ieoaeuenoaa nioeeaeecia a NNN? aue iaaeinoaoi/ai aeey oiai, /oi-
au ia aai iniiaaiee auei aiciiaeii oi?ioee?iaaoue iauaeoeaiua
caeiiu nioeeaeenoe/aneiai oicyenoaiaaiey. A.E.Eaiei aiai?ee ii
yoiio ia i caeiiao nioeeaeecia, a i i?eioeeiao, oi?iao e iaoiaeao
nioeeaeenoe/aneiai oicyenoaiaaiey. Ii nouanoao aea a eaieineii
o/aiee i i?eioeeiao, oi?iao e iaoiaeao nioeeaeenoe/aneiai oicye-
noaiaaiey niaea?aeeony oai?aoe/aneia iainiiaaiea yeiiiie/aneeo caeiiia
nioeeaeecia.
A 20-30-a aiaeu n?aaee niaaoneeo yeiiiienoia oe?iei auei ?ani-
?ino?aiaii io?eoeaiea yeiiiie/aneeo caeiiia a nioeeaeenoe/aneii
iauanoaa, aiciiaeiinoe e iaiaoiaeeiinoe nouanoaiaaiey caeanue iaoee
iieeoe/aneie yeiiiiee. Yeiiiie/aneea caeiiu iieiinoueth ioiae-
aeanoaeyeenue ni noeoeeii aeaenoaothueie caeiiaie eaieoaeenoe/an-
eiaioicyenoaa; n/eoaeinue, /oi iaee/ea eo ianiaianoeii n oai, /oi
a nioeeaeenoe/aneii iauanoaa oicyenoai aoaeao aanoe ii ieaio, a
niioaaonoaee n ca?aiaa iinoaaeaiiuie iauanoaii oeaeyie. Oaeia
oieeiaaiea aii?ina iaoaei iiieiaieth iauaeoeaiie iaoneiaeai-
iinoe yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee EINN e Niaaoneiai ainoaea?noaa,
iiiu?yei noauaeoeaenoneee, aiethioa?enoneee iiaeoiae e aii?inai
yeiiiie/aneie yeiiiie/aneie aeecie, oi?iiceei oi?ie?iaaiea iieeoe/aneie
yeiiiiee nioeeaeecia.
Aeey i?aaeeueiiai iiieiaiey aii?ina ia yeiiiie/aneeo iaoiaeao
?oeiaiaenoaa ia?iaeiui oicyenoaii i?e nioeeaeecia e aiiaua i?ia-
eai nioeeaeenoe/aneiai oicyenoaiaaiey aieueoia cia/aiea eiaao
aii?in i oii, aeaenoaoao ee a nioeeaeenoe/aneii iauanoaa caeii noi-
eiinoe eee iao, eiaao ee nioeeaeenoe/aneia i?iecaiaenoai oiaa?iue
oa?aeoa? eee iao. E.Ia?en e O.Yiaaeuen ioaa/aee ia yoio aii?in
io?eoeaoaeueii. ?uiie, oiaa?, noieiinoue, aeaiueae, ca?aaioioth ieaoo,
i?eaueue, ?aioo iie n/eoaee eaoaai?eyie oicyenoaa, iniiaaiiiai ia
/anoiie ao?aeoaciie nianoaaiiinoe ia n?aaenoaa i?iecaiaenoaa, aeey
eioi?uo a nioeeaeenoe/aneii iauanoaa ianoa ia aoaeao. Iaiaoiaee-
iue o/ao o?oaea aoaeao niaa?oaoueny a aaeeieoeao ?aai/aai a?aiaie,
?ani?aaeaeaiea i?iaeoeoia aoaeao inouanoaeyoueny aac iiiiue noie-
iinoe, aeaiaa.
Oaeie aea oi/ee c?aiey i?eaea?aeeaaeny e A.E.Eaiei, i /ai naeaea-
oaeuenoaotho iiiai/eneaiiua aai auneacuaaiey a aeiieoya?ueneee
ia?eiae. Iinea Ieoya?ueneie ?aaieyoeee,iniaaiii a nayce n ia?aoi-
aeii e iiaie yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeea, A.E.Eaiei, eae oaea auei
neacaii, ?ac?aaioae aii?in i ?iee ?uiea, oi?aiaee, oiaa?ii-aea-
iaaeiuo ioiioaiee a no?ieoaeuenoaa yeiiiieee nioeeaeecia, o.a. a
oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea iauanoaa io eaieoaeecia e nioeeaeecio.
Niaaoneea yeiiiienou iau/ii n/eoaee, /oi a nioeeaeenoe/aneii
iauanoaa oiaa?iiai i?iecaiaenoaa, caeiia noieiinoe ia aoaeao, a
a ia?aoiaeiue ia?aiae i?ienoiaeeo eo ioie?aiea. Iinea iiaaaeu
nioeeaeecia a NNN? auei ?ani?ino?aiaii iiaiea, /oi nioeeaeenoe-
/aneia i?iecaiaenoai ia yaeyaony oiaa?iui, /oi caeii noieiinoe
ia?anoae aeaenoaiaaoue,a oiaa?, noieiinoue, aeaiueae, i?eaueue yaeythony
eeoue aiaoiae oi?iie, oianeaaeiaaiiie io eaieoaeecia, ia au?a-
aeathuae ?aaeueiuo ioiioaiee, eniieuecoaiie oieueei aeey o/aoa,
eaeueeoeyoeee e ioaeaeathuaeny a aiciiaeii auno?ie eeeaeaeaoeee.
Eiiioienoe/aneay ia?oey i?eoea e auaiaeo, /oi oaeia iiieiaiea
aii?ina i?ioeai?a/eo ?aaeueiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, iaoaao
iineaaeiaaoaeueiiio i?iaaaeaieth i?eioeeia iaoa?eaeueiie caeioa?a-
niaaiiinoe ?aaioieea a ?acoeueoaoao naiaai o?oaea, aiaae?aieth oi-
cyenoaaiiiai ?an/aoa a ?aaioa i?aaei?eyoee, ai?ueaa ca oe?aieaiea
aeaiaaeiie nenoaiu, e?aaeeoa e ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa, ?acaa?-
ouaaieth niaaoneie oi?aiaee. Auei iieacaii, /oi caeii noieiinoe
aeaenoaoao e a nioeeaeenoe/aneii iauanoaa, /oi oiaa?, noieiinoue,
aeaiueae, oeaia, ca?aaioiay ieaoa, i?eaueue au?aaeatho caeanue niaa?-
oaiii eiua, /ai i?e eaieoaeecia, i?iecaiaenoaaiiua ioiioaiey
-ioiioaiey oiaa?euaneiai nio?oaeie/anoaa e acaeiiiiiiue, iniiaaiiua ia
iauanoaaiiie nianoaaiiinoe ia n?aaenoaa i?iec-
aiaenoaa.
Oaeei ia?acii, iieiaeaiey Eaieia i ?uiea, oiaa?ii-aeaiaaeiuo
ioiioaieyo, oicyenoaaiiii ?an/aoa, i?eauee, auneacaiiua ei
i?eiaieoaeueii e ia?aoiaeiiio ia?aiaeo, iieiinoueth nio?aiytho naia
cia/aiea e aeey nioeeaeenoe/aneiai iauanoaa. I?eciaiea yoiai yaey-
aony caneoaie EINN, i?eia?ii oai?/aneiai iiaeoiaea aa e ia?eneno-
nei-eaioineie oai?ee.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy iaeioi?ua iaoe yeiiiienou i?iaeieaeatho io-
?eoeaoue oiaa?iue oa?aeoa? i?iecaiaenoaa, aeaenoaea caeiia noieiin-
oe i?e nioeeaeecia, nnueaynue i?e yoii ia auneacuaaiey E. Ia?e-
na e O.Yiaaeuena e ia ?aaiou A.e. Eaieia aeiieoya?ueneiai ia?eiaea.
Oaeoth iiceoeeth iaeuecy ia i?eciaoue i?eia?ii ia/aoie/aneiai, aeia-
iaoe/aneiai iiaeoiaea e ia?enecio. Naie eeanneee iao/iiai eiiioiecia ia
?ac iiae/a?eeaaee, /oi eo o/aiea yaeyaony ia aeia-
iie, a ?oeiaiaenoaii e aeaenoaeth.
I?e ?anniio?aiee yoiai aii?ina iaeuecy eaii?e?iaaoue aeaaiiai:
oiaa?iiai i?iecaiaenoaa, caeiia noieiinoe, aeaenoaothueo a onei-
aeyo /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe ia n?aaenoaa i?iecaiaenoaa, ia ionoono-
aee eioi?uo i?e nioeeaeecia ienaee eeanneee iao/iiai eiiioiec-
ia, a nioeeaeenoe/aneii iauanoaa ia nouanoaoao-iie eeeaeaee?iaaiu aianoa
n /anoiie, ao?aeoaciie nianoaaiiinoueth ia n?aaenoaa i?iec-
aiaenoaa.
A nioeeaeenoe/aneii iauanoaa eiaao ianoi oiaa?iia i?iecaiaenoai,
aeaenoaoao caeii noieiinoe n eiui nioeeaeueiui niaea?aeaieai, n
eiie ?ieueth, /ai i?e eaieoaeecia. A nioeeaeenoe/aneii iauanoaa
caeii noieiinoe e ae?oaea iauaeoeaiua caeiiu eniieuecothony ieaiiia?ii,
a eioa?anao iauanoaa e anao aai /eaiia. A ioee/ea io
oiaa?ii-eaieoaeenoe/aneiai oicyenoaa, aaea caeii noeiiinoe aaoi-
iaoe/anee, /a?ac noeoeeiue ?uiie, eiieo?aioeeth ?aaoee?oao ?ani-
?aaeaeaiea o?oaea e n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa ii ?aciui io?aneyi ia?iae-
iiai oicyenoaa. I?iii?oeeiiaeueiinoue io?aneae ia?iaeiiai oicyeno-
aa aeinoeaaaony caeanue niciaoaeueiuie aeaenoaeyie iauanoaa, aai yei-
iiie/aneeo i?aaiia, eioi?ua iie?athony i?e yoii ia anth niaieoi-
iinoue iauaeoeaiuo caeiiia nioeeaeecia, a oii /enea e ia caeii
noieiinoe.
Iai?aaeeueiuie yaeythony iiyoiio iaeioi?uo yeiiiienoia, /oi
i?e nioeeaeecia caeii noieiinoe aoaeoi au i?iaeieaeaao inoiaaoue-
ny ?aaoeyoi?ii ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa. Oaeay oi/ea c?aiey ?aaii-
cia/ia io?eoeaieth ieaiiia?iiai oa?aeoa?a nioeeaeenoe/aneie yei-
iiieee, oieeiaaieth ieaia eae iaeiaai i?oaeey caeiia noieiinoe,
oiaiaea eae a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe i?e nioeeaeecia aaaeouay, iai?aaeyth-
uay ?ieue i?eiaaeeaaeeo eiaiii ieaio. Eae aia?aua iieacae Eaiei,
a oneiaeyo iauanoaaiiie noieiinoe ia n?aaenoaa i?iecaiaenoaa ieai
e ?uiie ia eneeth/atho iaeei ae?oaiai, nouanoaotho aianoa, iaeiaei
i?e aaaeouae ?iee ieaia.
I?aaeeueiia iiieiaiea aii?ina i oiaa?iii oa?aeoa?a i?iecaiaeno-
aa, caeiia noieiinoe i?e nioeeaeecia eiaao a?iiaaeiia cia/aiea aeey
i?aeoeeenioeeaeenoe/aneiai oicyenoaiaaiey, aeey i?iaaaeaiey oi-
cyenoaaiiie ?aoi?iu. Iaiaoiaeeii ane?uaaoue ioeai/iinoue iaieo
oieeiaaiee aii?ina – eae aeiaiaoe/aneiai io?eoeaiey oiaa?iiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, caeiia noieiinoe i?e nioeeaeecia, oae e ?anoe?e-
oaeueiiai oieeiaaiey eo, noe?aiey aeoaieiai ?acee/ey oiaa?iiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, caeiia noieiinoe a oneiaeyo nioeeaeecia e a onei-
aeyo /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe ia n?aaenoaa i?iecaiaenoaa. Yoa aoi?ay
ioeaea a aa iineaaeiaaoaeueiii ?acaeoee aaaeao e ao?aeoaciie e i?a-
aiiiii?ooie/aneie eiioeaioeee “?uii/iiai”, “eiieo?aioiiai” ni-
oeeaeecia, eioi?ay ?aoathuaa cia/aiea ioaiaeeo noeoeeiui caeiiai
eaieoaeenoe/aneiai ?uiea.
A ?aaioao ooiienoia nioeeaeeci e eiiioieci ia ?anniao?eaaeenue
eae aeaa iineaaeothuea nooiaie, noaaeee ?acaeoey iauanoaa. Caneoaa
onoaiiaeaiey yoiai ?acee/ey i?eiaaeeaaeeo E.Ia?eno. Iiii?ooie-
ienou 2 Eioa?iaoeeiiaea ia?aaeaee caaaaieth o/aiea E.Ia?ena i
aeaoo noaaeeyo eiiioienoe/aneiai iauanoaa. Aeey E.Eaooneiai, iai-
?eia?, eiiioieci i?aaenoaaeyeny ia aieaa eae “aeaai/anoeaui ii-
aeaeaieai”.
Aii?ino i aeaoo noaaeeyo A.E.Eaiei anaaaea oaeaeye aieueoia aieia-
iea, a a ?aaioa “Ainoaea?noai e ?aaiethoeey” ii inaaoee aanueia iiae-
?iaii. Ii iaoie/eai iiae/a?eeaae, /oi nioeeaeeci ia yaeyaony ei-
ia/iie oeaeueth ?aai/aai eeanna, /oi nioeeaeeci iaecaaaeii aeieaeai
iinoaiaiii ia?a?anoe a eiiioieci.
A.E.Eaiei ?acaee eaeath E.Ia?ena i nioeeaeecia eae iaecaaaeiie
enoi?e/aneie nooiaie ?acaeoey iauanoaa, i nicaeaiee i?iecaiaeno-
aaiiuo nee iauanoaa eae aaaeiaeoai oneiaee ia?aoiaea io nioeeaeecia e
eiiioiecio.Iiao/ee ?anoeaao iaoee e oaoieea, yeaeo?eoeeaoeeth
no?aiu, aeinoeaeaiea aieaa aunieie, /ai i?e eaieoaeecia, i?iecai-
aeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea A.E.Eaiei n/eoae aaaeiaeoeie i?aaeiinueeaie
eiiioiecia.
I?ia?aiia EINN, i?eiyoay 22 nuacaeii, iaiauaao aiaaoaeooth
i?aeoeeo nioeeaeenoe/aneiai no?ieoaeuenoaaa NNN? e a ae?oaeo ni-
oeeaeenoe/aneeo no?aia, i?aeoeeo eiiioienoe/aneiai no?ieoaeuenoaa
a NNN?. ?ac?aaioea yoie I?ia?aiiu ciaiaioao niaie aeaeueiaeoaa
oai?/aneia ?acaeoea ia?enenonei-eaieineie iaoee i nioeeaeecia
e eiiioiecia, a oii /anea e iieeoe/aneie yeiiiiee nioeeaeecia.
A.E.Eaiei ianoie/eai ii/a?eeaae, /oi i?ieaoa?neay ?aaiethoeey
e no?ieoaeuenoai nioeeaeecia a NNN? iiae/eiythony iauei caeiii-
ia?iinoyi, iaecaaaeiui e aeey ae?oaeo no?ai. Aoi aea a?aiy iie eia-
tho e naie iniaaiiinoe, iaoneiaeaiiua eiie?aoii-enoi?e/aneeie
oneiaeyie aeecie no?aiu. Ii n/eoae ioeai/iui e a?aaeiui iia-
iea, /oi ana no?aiu i?eaeoo e nioeeaeecio iaeeiaeiau iooai.
A aeaeueiaeoai ?acaeoee ia?enenonei-eaieineie oai?ee nioeeaeec-
ia e eiiioiecia eiaao aieueoia cia/aiea oai?aoe/aneay aeayoaeue-
iinoue Eiiioienoe/aneie ia?oee Niaaoneiai Nithca, ?aoaiey aa
nuacaeia, Ieaioiia OeE EINN, aunooieaiey ?oeiaiaeyueo aeayoa-
eae ia?oee e i?aaeoaeuenoaa, ?aoaiey ia?enenonei-eaieineeo ia?-
oee ae?oaeo nioeeaeenoe/aneeo no?ai nioeeaeenoe/aneiai niae?oaeano-
aa, iaaeaeoia?iaeiua niaauaiey eiiioienoe/aneeo e ?aai/eo
ia?oee.
Aaniiue aeeaae a oai?eth nioeeaeecia e eiiioiecia naeaeai iaaeaeo-
ia?iaeiui Niaauaieai eiiioienoe/aneeo e ?aai/eo ia?oee, i?i-
oiaeeaoai a Iineaa a ethia 1969 a. Niaauaiea au?aaioiei aiaaoth
ieaooi?io niaianoiuo aeaenoaee a ai?ueaa i?ioea eiia?eaeecia,
aaeeiaaeooii auneacaeinue ca niei/aiea ie?iaiai eiiioienoe/an-
eiai aeaeaeaiey ia i?eioeeiao ia?enecia-eaieiecia, i?ieaoa?neiai
eioa?iaoeeiiaeecia. Iii iiae/a?eioei iaiaoiaeeiinoue iiauoaiey
eaeaeii-iieeoe/aneie ?iee ia?enenonei-eaieineeo ia?oee, iaiaoi-
aeeiinoue ai?ioueny a niioaaonoaee n eiie?aoiie ianoiiiaeie i?ioea
i?aai- e eaaiiiii?ooienoe/aneeo eneaaeaiee oai?ee e iieeoeee, i?ioea
?aaeceiiecia, aeiaiaoecia e eaainaeoaioneiai aaaioth?ec-
ia.
Niaauaiea cayaeei, /oi “ie?iaay nenoaia nioeeaeecia yaeyaony
?aoathuae neeie a aioeeiia?eaeenoe/aneie ai?ueaa. Anyeay inai-
aiaeeoaeueiay ai?ueaa iaoiaeeo ie/ai ia caiaieioth iiaeaea?aeeo n aa
noi?iiu e i?aaeaea anaai ni noi?iiu Niaaoneiai Nithca”.
I?aeoeea no?ieoaeuenoaa nioeeaeecia a ?aciuo no?aiao, ia?aci-
aaiea ie?iaie nenoaiu nioeeaeecia a ia?iiiie noaiaie iaiaauatho
e yeiiiie/aneoth oai?eth nioeeaeecia e eiiioiecia.
A naiai aunooieaiee ia Niaauaiee eiiioienoe/aneeo e ?aai/eo ia?oee
aeaaa aeaeeaaoeee EINN E.E.A?aaeiaa aiai?ee: “Ie?iaie nioeeaeeci aae?aao
a naay ana aiaaonoai e iiiaiia?acea ?aaiethoee-
iiiuo o?aaeeoeee e iiuoa, ii?iaeaeaaiiai oai?/anoaii o?oaeyueo-
ny ?aciuo no?ai. A yoie nayce iu oioei neacaoue, /oi iaoa ia?oey
iinoiyiii eco/aao yoio iiuo, eniieuecoao ana oeaiiia, /oi iiaeao auoue
i?eiaiaii a oneiaeyo Niaaoneiai Nithca, ana oi, /oi aeaenoaeoaeueii
niinianoaoao oe?aieaieth nioeeaeenoe/aneiai no?iy, aiieiuaao a
naay i?iaa?aiiua ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiii iiuoa iauea caeiiiia?iinoe
aai no?ieoaeuenoaa”.
A Ia?auaiee Niaauaiey “ I 100-eaoee ni aeiy ?iaeaeaiey A.E.Ea-
ieia” ioia/aii, /oi aanue iiuo ie?iaiai nioeeaeecia, ?aai/aai e
iaoeeiiaeueii-inaiaiaeeoaeueiiai aeaeaeaiey iiaeoaa?aeee iaaeaeoia?iae-
iia cia/aiea ia?enenonei-eaieineiai o/aiey, aeieacae enoi?e/aneoth
i?aaioo eaieiecia, au?aaeathuaai ei?aiiua iio?aaiinoe nia?a-
iaiiie yiioe. “Aa?iinoue ia?enecio-eaieiecio – aaeeeiio eioa?-
iaoeeiiaeueiiio o/aieth – caeia aeaeueiaeoeo oniaoia eiiioienoe-
/aneiai aeaeaeaiey”…
O/aiea A.E.Eaieia i aiciiaeiinoe iiaaaeu nioeeaeecia ia?aiia-
/aeueii e a oaeie no?aia, eioi?ay aei ?aaiethoeee ia i?eiaaeeaaeaea
e /eneo iaeaieaa ?acaeouo, aeeth/aao a naay e iao/iia iainiiaaiea
aii?ina i iooyo nicaeaieyo iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneie aacu nioee-
aeecia .
A.E.Eaiei nicaeae iniiau o/aiey i nioeeaeenoe/aneie eiaeono?e-
aeecaoeee no?ai. Ii ianoie/eai iiae/a?eeaae,/oi aac nia?aiaiiie
e?oiiie iaoeiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe nioeeaeeci iaeuecy iino?ieoue.
Iniiaiie nia?aiaiiie e?oiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe yaeyaony oyaea-
eay eiaeono?ey – iaoeiino?iaiea, yia?aaoeea, oeie/aneay i?iiuo-
eaiinoue e ae?oaea io?anee, i?iecaiaeyuea n?aaenoaa i?iecaiaenoaa.
Ia?iiiia cia/aiea Eaiei i?eaeaaae yeaeo?eoeeaoeee no?aiu. Auno-
?aeoaa nicaeaiea oyaeaeie eiaeono?ee ii ?anniao?eaae eae niaa?oai-
ii iaiaoiaeeiia oneiaea aeey oe?aieaiey aeeeoaoo?u i?ieaoa?eaoa
e nithca ?aai/aai eeanna n e?anoueyinoaii, aeey iaania/aiey auno?i-
ai ?inoa anae i?iiuoeaiiinoe, o?ainii?oa, aeey oaoiieiae/aneiai
e yeiiiie/aneiai i?aia?aciaaiey naeueneiai oicyenoaa, aeey ieii/a-
oaeueiiai auoaniaiey eaieoaea e iiaaaeu nioeeaeecia, aeey iaania/a-
iey iai?iiiniiniaiinoe no?aiu e aa iacaaeneiinoe.
Aieueoei aeeaaeii a yeiiiie/aneoth oai?eth nioeeaeecia yaeyaony
?ac?aaioea Eaieia aii?ina i nioeeaeenoe/aneii i?aia?aciaaiee
naeueneiai oicyenoaa.
A.E.Eaiei n/eoae niaa?oaiii eeethci?iuie ?an/aou nioeeaeenoia
– ooiienoia e iaeeiao?aeoaciuo yeiiiienoia ia oi, /oi ii n?aaeno-
aii oieueei iaeiie eiiia?aoeee, aac i?ieaoa?neie ?aaiethoeee
eaieoaeenoe/aneia iauanoai iiaeii i?aa?aoeoue a nioeeaeenoe/an-
eia. Ii ?aciaea/ae oaeaea ao?aeoaciua oai?ee “eiiia?aoeaiiai ni-
oeeaeecia” , ?an/eoaiiua ia iaiai o?oaeyueony .
Iniiaiay eaeay ciaiaieoiai eiiia?aoeaiiai ieaia iino?iaiey nioeeaeecia
auei auaeaeiooa Eaieiui aua a 1918 aaaeo. A aiaeu aiaiiiai eiiioiecia
ia auei oneiaee aeey ?aaeecaoeee oie ene-
eth/eoaeueii aaaeiie ?iee eiiia?aoeee eaeoth ioaiaeee ae Eaiei
aaniie 1918 aiaea: eiiia?aoeey, eae e ainoaeaenoaaiiay oi?aiaey,
i?aa?aoeeanue a i?inoie aiia?ao ?ani?aaeaeaiey i?iaeoeoia. A 1923
aiaeo, eiaaea Eaiei aa?ioeny e i?eioeeieaeueiie ioeaiea ?iee eiiia-
?aoeee a no?ieoaeuenoaa nioeeaeecia, ianoaiiaea auea eiie – i?iai-
aeeeanue iiaay yeiiiie/aneay iieeoeea, i?aaeiaaeinue aieueoia cia/a-
iea iaoa?eaeueiui noeioeai e o?oaeo, ?iee ?uiea, oi?aiaee.
A noaouea “I eiiia?aoeee” Eaiei iiae/a?eeaaao, /oi “eiaiii aeaai-
aea?y iyio “ eiiia?aoeey iieo/aao o ian niaa?oaiii eneeth/eoaeueiia
cia/aiea . Iiaay yeiiiie/aneay iieeoeea icia/aea onooieo e?anouey-
ieio eae oi?aiaoeo. N ia?aoiaeii e iiaie yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeea a
eeoea eiiia?aoeee auea iaeaeaia iaiaoiaeeiay “noaiaiue niaaeeiaiey
/anoiiai eioa?ana, /anoiiai oi?aiaiai eioa?ana, i?iaa?ee e eiio?i-
ey aai ainoaea?noaa, noaiaiue iiae/eiaiey aai iauei eioa?anai…”.
Iiaay yeiiiie/aneay iieeoeea “i?eii?aaeeaaaony e o?iaith naii-
ai iaueiiaaiiiai e?anoueyieia… ia o?aaoao io iaai ie/aai aunoa-
ai”. Oaeei ia?acii, a oneiaeyo, eiaaea ainoaea?noaaiiay aeanoue ia-
oiaeeony a ?oeao ?aai/aai eeanna e yoie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe
i?eiaaeeaaeao n?aaenoaa i?iecaiaenoaa, eiiia?aoeey yaeyaony “i?in-
oui, eaaeei e aeinooiiui aeey e?anoueyieia” iooai e nioeeaeecio.
Iin?aaenoaii eiiia?aoeee anyeee iaeeee e?anoueyiei o/anoaoao a
iino?iaiee nioeeaeecia.
Eiiia?aoeey “nieioue aea ?yaeii niaa?oaiii niaiaaeaao n nioeea-
eeciii “, e i?inoie ?ino eiiia?aoeee oiaeaeanoaai ?inoo nioeeaeecia.
Eaieineee eiiia?aoeaiue ieai iino?iaiey nioeeaeecia i?aaeii-
eaaae iaeiia?aiaiioth eiaeono?eaeecaoeeth no?aiu, aac eioi?ie na-
ia iieeoe/aneay aeanoue ?aai/aai eeanna auea au iai?i/iie , ia
auei au iaoa?eaeueiie aacu e aeey eoeueoo?iie ?aaiethoeee.
A.E.Eaiei i?aaeaeaeae, /oi iieiiai eiiia?e?iaaiey e?anoueyino-
aa iaoae no?aiu iiaeii aeinoeaiooue a iaeii – aeaa aeanyoeeaoey.
Eiiioienoe/aneay ia?oey Niaaoneiai Nithca a ?aoeoaeueiie ai?ue-
aa i?ioea o?ioeeenoia e i?aauo iiii?ooienoia ionoiyei eaieineia o/aiea i
iooyo nioeeaeenoe/aneiai i?aia?aciaaiey e?anoueyinoaa,
oai?/anee ?aaeea aai e iaania/eei oniaoiia i?iaaaeaiea aai a
aeeciue – eieeaeoeaecaoeeth naeueneiai oicyenoaa. Auea aeieacaia
ianinoiyoaeueiinoue naaaeaiey i?aauie iiii?ooienoaie eaieineiai
eiiia?aoeaiiai ieaia e caaea/a nicaeaiey oieueei oi?aiaie e e?aaeeoiie
eiiia?aoeee a aea?aaia, eaii?e?iaaiea eie ianoie/eauo
oeacaiee A.E.Eaieia i iaioiaeeiinoe e i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai eiiia?e?iaaiey
e?anoueyinoaa. Ia?oey enoiaeeea ec oeacaiey Eaieia, /oi
oiaa?ii-eaieoaeenoe/aneay oaiaeaioeey ?acaeoey e?anoueyineiai oicyenoaa
nio?aiyaony e a oneiaeyo aeeeoaoo?u i?ieaoa?eaoa, e yoie oaiaeaioeee
i?ioeaiiinoaaeea aeoeaiia e ieaiiia?iia nicaeaiea oneiaee, iaeaieaa
aeaaii?eyonoaothueo aeia?iaieueiiio eiiia?e?iaaieth e?anoueyinoaa.
Iie?aynue ia iiuo NNN?, Eaiei aeae aeoaieee oai?aoe/aneee aiaeec
yeiiiieee e eeanniaie no?oeoo?u iauanoaa a ia?eiae ia?aoiaea aai io
eaieoaeecia e nioeeaeecio.
Iinea Ieoya?ueneie ?aaiethoeee e?anoueyinoai inaiaiaeeeinue io
yenieoaoaoeee ni noi?iiu iiiaueeia e eaieoaeenoia. E a ia?aoiaeiue
ia?eiae iii aeaeeony ia eoeaeia, na?aaeiyeia e aaaeiioo, ii oaia?ue
cia/eoaeueiay /anoue i?aaeiae aaaeiiou ia?aoea ia iieiaeaiea na?aaeiyea.
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