I. ?aaeiiaeueiay iieeoeea ?innee:
eiioeaioeee, i?iaeaiu, ?aoaiey.
Ethaay iieeoeea – yoi oeaee e caaea/e, i?aneaaeoaiua e ?aoaaiua
ethaeueie a nayce n eo eiie?aoiuie eioa?anaie, a oaeaea iaoiaeu,
n?aaenoaa e einoeooou, n iiiiuueth eioi?ue aeaiiua eioa?anu oi?ie?o-
thony, ionoaeaathony e caueuathony.
?aaeiiaeueiie iieeoeeie iiaeii n/eoaoue eeoue oaeoth nenoaio ia-
ia?aiee e aeaenoaee, eioi?ay ?aaeecoao eioa?anu ainoaea?noaa a io-
iioaiee ?aaeiiia e aioo?aiiea eioa?anu naieo ?aaeiiia iaoiaeaie e
niiniaaie, o/eouaathueie i?e?iaeo nia?aiaiiuo ?aaeiiaeueiuo i?ioean-
nia, e eioi?ay inouanoaeyao ana yoi i?aeiouanoaaiii a no?oeoo?a
iaae- e aioo?e?aaeiiaeueiuo naycae.
?aaeiiaeueiay iieeoeea – yoi oeaeinoiia e naiiaeinoaoi/iia caa-
ii iieeoe/aneie iniiau iauanoaa, aac eioi?iai iineaaeiaa, a oaeaea
eaaeaeue /aeiaae a ioaeaeueiinoe e i?e?iaeiay n?aaea iiaoo eeoue neo/ae-
ii e aac aa?aioe?iaaiiiai oniaoa nouanoaiaaoue ia eaaeaeie eiie?ao-
iie oa??eoi?ee, inoaaaynue “iaaaeeia” n ainoaea?noaii, aai yeiiiie-
/aneie, aiaoiae, aioo?aiiae e eiie iieeoeeie.
Anyeay iieeoeea oi?ioa ianoieueei, ianeieueei ae oaeaaony iiae-
aea?aeeaaoue aaeain ?acee/iuo eioa?ania. ?aaeiiaeueiay iieeoeea – ia
eneeth/aiea. Iia a oie ia?a iieeoeea e a oie ia?a yooaeoeaia, a
eaeie aeinoeaioo e noaaeeece?iaai eiii?iienn iaaeaeo ?aaeiiaeueiuie
eioa?anaie ainoaea?noaa e ianoiuie eioa?anaie naieo ?aaeiiia.
Iauaaeeieoaeueiie eaeaae e ainoaea?noaaiiie, e ianoiie ?aaei-
iaeueiie iieeoeee iiaeao e aeieaeia noaoue onoie/eainoue,
noaaeeueiinoue
iaae- e aioo?e?aaeiiaeueiuo ioiioaiee.
Aaaeouei, aeeciaiii aaaeiui eioa?anii ?innee iuia noaei iaaeiio-
uaiea iaia?aoeiie oa??eoi?eaeueiie aeaceioaa?aoeee ainoaea?noaa.
Aeaaiui aea eioa?anii eaaeaeiai ?aaeiia – aeiee?iaaiea iaia?aoeiiai
?aniaaea noa?u, naaeaine?iaaiiinoue nioeeaeueiuo, yeiiiie/aneeo, i?e-
?iaei?ano?niuo e eiuo ioiioaiee; iaania/aiea ia yoie iniiaa noa-
aeeueiiai e niaeaniaaiiiai ?acaeoey anao yeaiaioia eieaeeciaaiiie
noa?u, niioaaonoaothuaai iio?aaiinoyi /aeiaaea, iauanoaa e i?e?i-
aeu. I?e yoii iiae?acoiaaaaony, /oi e?iia iauayeiiiie/aneiai, iaua-
nioeeaeueiiai e eiiai iauaai iioaioeeaea anoue iiuiue aioo?e?aaei-
iaeueiue iioaioeeae, eioi?ue iiaeii ?aaeeciaaoue eneeth/eoaeueii ia
ianoiii o?iaia – e yoi iaeia ec ia?aaeoeo caaea/ ?aaeiiaeueiie iiee-
oeee e naieo ?aaeiiia, e ainoaea?noaa.
?aaeiiaeueiay iieeoeea, iaia/aaiay e i?iaiaeeiay naieie ?aaei-
iaie, – yoi oi, /oi aeieaeii aeaeaoueny aeey niaeaniaaiiiai e acaeiii
ia?ac?ooathuaai ?acaeoey anao yeaiaioia i?ino?ainoaaiii eieaeeci-
aaiiie noa?u ia eiie?aoiie oa??eoi?ee e n o/aoii ianoiuo oneiaee.
Ainoaea?noaaiiay ?aaeiiaeueiay iieeoeea i?ecaaia iaania/eoue aeaanii-
niaiinoue ?aaeiiaeueiie iieeoeee ia ianoao.
Iauaeo ?aaeiiaeueiie iieeoeee – acaeiinayce e ioiioaiey iaaeaeo
?aaeiiaie.
Aeaaiue ?aaeiiaeueiue eioa?an ?innee a ianoiyuaa a?aiy aeieaeai
auoue iniciai eae ieieiecaoeey iaaaoeaiuo i?iyaeaiee oa??eoi?eaeue-
iie aeaceioaa?aoeee ia o?iaia noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee, eae iiaeaea?aeea
ianoiuo i?aia?aciaaiee, eae nicaeaiea iaua?inneeneeo oneiaee aeey
oiai, /oiau eaaeaeue noauaeo Oaaea?aoeee iaeneiaeueii eniieueciaae naie
aioo?aiiee iioaioeeae e ai ana iaiueoae ia?a i?aoaiaeiaae ia neoaeiua
aiciiaeiinoe ainoaea?noaaiiie iiiiue.
Ianoiua eioa?anu ii?aaeaeythony iaania/aieai iieiie?iaiiai e
naaeaine?iaaiiiai nouanoaiaaiey ia aeaiiie oa??eoi?ee /aeiaaea,
iauanoaa e i?e?iaeu, aa?aioe?iaaiea eo niaeaniaaiiiai aini?iec-
aiaenoaa ia aaca caaeaenoaiaaiey ?ano?nia e iieiiii/ee, ainoaea?n-
oaaiii i?eciaaaaiuo ianoiuie.
Ooiaeaiaioaeueiuie iaoiaeaie ?aaeiiaeueiie iieeoeee iiaeii n/e-
oaoue ?acuyniaiea aa niaea?aeaiey, niunea e i?aeoe/aneie iieuecu aeey
anao aac eneeth/aiey noi?ii, niaeaneoaeueii-aeiaiai?iua i?ioeaaeo?u n
?acaa?iooui cae?aieaieai oneiaee, iaania/eaathueo eioa?anu ?aaei-
iaeueiiai ?acaeoey, oi?ie?iaaiea niioaaonoaothuae i?aaiaie aacu.
Oieueei n niciaieai iauanoaaiiie iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?aaeiiaeueiie
iieeoeee, n aa ?ac?aaioeie e ?aaeecaoeeae iiyaeony aiciiaeiinoue e
?aoaieth iaua?inneeneeo i?iaeai: ia/aaoaany oicyenoaaiiia iainia-
eaiea ?aaeiiia; ?aaeiiaeueiay noaa?aiecaoeey e eiio?iioaoeey a ioii-
oaieyo ?aaeiiaeueiuo no?oeoo? aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey n iauaainoaea?n-
oaaiiuie; iaoeeiiaeueii-yoie/aneia ?acaeoea e aeiiieieoaeueiia iai-
niaeaiea ii yoiio iiaiaeo, aioo?e?aaeiiaeueiua eiioeeeou nioeeaeueii-
ai e iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneiai oa?aeoa?a; oi?ie?iaaiea nianoaai-
iie ?aaeiiaeueiie ?ano?niie aacu nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai ?acae-
oey; yeieiae/aneay noaaeeueiinoue e ae?oaea oneiaey onoie/eaiai ?ac-
aeoey ?aaeiiia (iniaaiii naaa?iuo oa??eoi?ee); auaeaeaiea e ooie-
oeeiie?iaaiea ?aaeiiia ni niaoeeoe/aneeie noaoonaie (naiaiaeiua yei-
iiie/aneea ciiu, oaaea?aeueiua io?aiyaiua oa??eoi?ee, ciiu yeieiae-
/aneiai aaaenoaey e o.i.) e ae?.
II. ?aaeii e oeaio?: i?iaeaiu acaeiiioiioaiee.
Acaeiiaeaenoaey ?aaeiiaeueiuo e oeaio?aeueiuo i?aaiia aeanoe a
1992 – 1993 aiaeao ii?aaeaeyeenue a iniiaiii no?aieaieai oeaio?a e
nenoaiiiio ?aoi?ie?iaaieth yeiiiieee, a ?aaeiiia – e caueoa io
“iaaaoeaiuo” iineaaenoaee ?aoi?i. I?e yoii /anoue ?aaeiiia no?aie-
eanue iaeneiaeueii eniieueciaaoue aicieeathuea a i?ioeanna ?aoi?i aic-
iiaeiinoe aeey yeiiiie/aneiai i?iaeaeaeaiey, ae?oaay /anoue iuoaeanue
nei??aeoe?iaaoue naii iai?aaeaiea yeiiiie/aneiai ?aoi?ie?iaaiey.
Yoe acaeiiaeaenoaey i?ioiaeyo a aanueia neiaeiie iieeoe/aneie
ianoaiiaea ioe?uoie eiio?iioaoeee i?eia?ii ?aaiuo ii iioaioeeaeueiui
aiciiaeiinoyi aaoaae aeanoe, a oneiaeyo ineaaeaiiinoe einoeoooia
iaoeeiiaeueiie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe, aunieiai o?iaiy nioeeaeueiie iai-
?aaeaiiinoe, ia?aie/aiiie eiyeueiinoe neeiauo ainoaea?noaaiiuo
no?oeoo?. Eae ?acai?a/eaaeinue yoi i?ioeainoiyiea, eaeiaa aeeiaieea
acaeiiaeaenoaey oeaio?a e ?aaeiiia? Iniaay ino?ioa i?iaeaiu a oii,
/oi ai-ia?auo, ea/anoaaiii aeaeieciaiythony yeiiiie/aneea ioiioa-
iey, eioi?ua iaoiaeyony a ia/aea aeeeoaeueiiai yoaia noaiiaeaiey
?uiea; ai-aoi?uo, ea/anoaaiii iaiiaeythony e oaeaea iaoiaeyony ia
ia/aeueiii yoaia ia iaiaa aeeeoaeueiiai noaiiaeaiey oaaea?aeeci e
ianoiia naiioi?aaeaiea.
No?oeoo?ecaoeey aeanoe ia oaaea?aeueiii o?iaia o?aaeeoeeiiii
?anniao?eaaeinue eae i?iecaiaeiay i?ioeai?a/ee iaaeaeo i?aaenoaaeoaeue-
iie e eniieieoaeueiie aa aaoayie.
Aaeieieno?aoeey I?aceaeaioa.
?aaeiiaeueiay iieeoeea oaaea?aeueiuo aeanoae a iiieiaiee i?ace-
aeaioneee no?oeoo? aeieaeia aeeth/aoue oaeea yeaiaiou, eae:
1) eiinoeoooeeiiiue i?ioeann (i?aaiaia ii?aaeaeaiea ioiioaiee
iaaeaeo noauaeoaie Oaaea?aoeee e oeaio?aeueiuie no?oeoo?aie, neiaieece-
?othueie Oaaea?aoeeth a oeaeii);
2) niaeaniaaiea eioa?ania oa??eoi?ee n ?acee/iui noaoonii
(iaoeeiiaeueiua ?anioaeeee – iaeanoe) e ?acee/iuo yoie/aneeo a?oii.
Yeiiiie/aneay ninoaaeythuay ?aaeiiaeueiie iieeoeee ?anniao?eaaaony
i?aceaeaioneeie no?oeoo?aie nei?aa, eae n?aaenoai ?aoaiey, eae iie
n/eoatho, aeaenoaeoaeueiuo i?iaeai – nio?aiaiea oeaeinoiinoe aino-
aea?noaa e iiaeaea?aeaiea iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiie noaaeeueiinoe.
?aniaae Oaaea?aoeee ?anniao?eaaaony aaeieieno?aoeeae eae iinoiyi-
iay oa?ica. Aeey oaea?aeaiey iiae eiio?ieai oeaio?iaaaeiuo
oaiaeaioeee
aeaaiua oneeey iia iai?aaeyao ia niaethaeaiea aaciauo eiinoeoooeeii-
iuo i?eioeeiia (?aaiii?aaea noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee, aaeeinoai aino-
aea?noaaiiiai no?iy, ionoonoaea aioo?aiieo yeiiiie/aneeo a?aieoe).
Eneeth/eoaeueii neeiauie iaoiaeaie iaania/eoue niaethaeaiea yoeo i?ei-
oeeiia ia ?aaeueii, noaaea aeaeaaony ia ?ac?aaioeo e inouanoaeaiea
“iiaie ?aaeiiaeueiie no?aoaaee ?inneeneiai ainoaea?noaa”, iai?aa-
eaiiie ia i?aiaeieaiea aeeooa?aioeeaoeee ?aaeiiia ii o?iaith aeecie,
?acaeoea iaae?aaeiiaeueiiai nio?oaeie/anoaa, a oaeaea “ia?aoiae io oc-
eiyeiiiie/aneeo e aieaa oe?ieei – iauanoaaiiui e nioeeaeueiui oea-
eyi”.
?aaeenoe/iinoue iinoaiiaee oaeeo oeaeae aanueia niiieoaeueia.
Aaeeinoaaiiia, /oi iiaeii na?ueacii ianoaeaeaoue a eaeaieiae/aneeo iino-
?iaieyo i?aceaeaioneeo yenia?oia, – yoi iaiaoiaeeiinoue auno?iai ?a-
oi?ie?iaaiey iaeiaiaie nenoaiu n ?acaeaeaieai iaeiaiauo aac athaeaea-
oia ai?iaeia, ?aaeiiia e Oaaea?aoeee. Nio?oaeieee i?aceaeaioneie aaeie-
ieno?aoeee n/eoatho, /oi a yoii neo/aa “eaaeaeue o?iaaiue ainoaea?n-
oaaiiie aeanoe aoaeao ii-ianoiyuaio iacaaenei io ae?oaeo” (eiaiii
a yoii neo/aa aaeeinoai Oaaea?aoeee aoaeao niaethaeaoueny
iaoeinieoaeue-
ii). Aeey oe?aieaiey oaeiai aaeeinoaa iaia/aaony oaeaea iaania/eoue
i?ei?aoaoiia ?acaeoea aaeeiie eio?ano?oeoo?u e ieii/aoaeueii ?aca-
?aie/eoue oaaea?aeueioth e ?aaeiiaeueioth nianoaaiiinoue.
Iaeaieaa i?ioeai?a/eaa iiceoeey i?aceaeaioneie eiiaiaeu ioiine-
oaeueii ii?aaeaeaiey ?aaeueiiai noaoona ?aaeiiia. N iaeiie noi?iiu,
ooaa?aeaeaaony, /oi ?aaeiiu ia yaeythony noauaeoaie yeiiiie/aneeo
ioiioaiee, n ae?oaie – /oi ?aaeiiu iaeaaeatho ii?aaeaeaiiuie iieiiii-
/eyie a ?aaoee?iaaiee yeiiiie/aneiai iiaaaeaiey ia eo aaeieieno?a-
oeaiie oa??eoi?ee. Aiciiaeiue auoiae ec oaeiai eiioeeeoiiai iieiaea-
iey aeaeeony a nicaeaiee Oaaea?aeueiiai oiiaea ?aaeiiaeueiiai ?acaeoey,
i?eaioe?iaaiiiai ia iiaeaea?aeeo yeiiiie/aneeo aeai?anneaiuo ?aaeiiia
e oi?ie?oaiiai ca n/ao oa??eoi?eaeueiie ?aiou, ecuiaaiie a aieaa
aeaaii?eyoiuo ?aaeiiao.
I?aaeoaeuenoai.
A ioee/ea io i?aceaeaioneie aaeieieno?aoeee i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua
no?oeoo?u a ea/anoaa i?ei?aoaoiuo oeaeae ?aaeiiaeueiie iieeoeee
auaeaeaatho a iniiaiii yeiiiie/aneea. Eeth/aaui yeaiaioii oaeie ii-
eeoeee yaeyaony i?aaeinoaaeaiea ?aaeiiai i?aa ia onei?aiiia ?aoi?-
ie?iaaiea yeiiiie/aneeo ioiioaiee ?aaee nei?aeoaai i?aiaeieaiey
e?ecena ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea.
I?aaeoaeuenoai oaeaea caieiaao aieaa aeanoeoth iiceoeeth ioiine-
oaeueii i?aoaicee ?aaeiiaeueiuo aeanoae ia ?oeiaiaenoai aeayoaeue-
iinoueth yeiiiie/aneeo noauaeoia.
?aaeiiaeueiay iieeoeea i?aaeoaeuenoaa, aeiee?iaaia iaaeaaaeiin-
oaaiiuie i?ioeai?a/eyie.
A eoiai ?aaeiiaeueiay iieeoeee naaeanue e ?ac?aoaieth iaaeiaoeei-
iaeueiuo i?iaeai
Ianiio?y ia i?aaeiieiaeaiea i oii, /oi iiaua no?oeoo?u i?aaen-
oaaeoaeueiie aeanoe ia oaaea?aeueiii o?iaia noaioo eiaaenoneeie ia-
oeiaie ?aaeiiaeueiie aaeieieno?aoeee, iiea /oi iao iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey oa-
eei iianaieyi.
Ainoaea?noaaiiay aeoia ioee/aaony eiaae?iaaieai eioa?ania io-
aeaeueiuo io?aneae ( a iniiaiii AIE, OYE e oeiainiaua no?oeoo?u).
Niaao Oaaea?aoeee ana aeoaaea oaycaao a ?acae?aoaeuenoaa iaaeiaoeei-
iaeueiuo i?iaeai. *anoe/ii yoi iauyniyaony niaeaneai eniieieoaeue-
iuo no?oeoo? ia naiaai ?iaea ?acaeaeaiea noa? aeeyiey e ioaaonoaai-
iinoe.
Ionoonoaea neii?aeeie?iaaiiie ?aaeiiaeueiie iieeoeee iaoneia-
eaii ia oieueei aioo?aiieie i?ioeai?a/eyie oaaea?aeueiuo aeanoae, ii
e ionoonoaeai aeaaeaiey ni noi?iiu ?aaeiiia. N iaeiie noi?iiu, oa-
aea?aeueiui aeanoyi oaeaeinue oaa?eoue ?aaeiiaeueiua yeeou a naiae ai-
oiaiinoe e eiii?iiennai ii eiie?aoiui aii?inai (/oi nieceei o?i-
aaiue i?aoaicee ia iauaa eciaiaiea eo?na), n ae?oaie – i?iecioee
nouanoaaiiua eciaiaiey a no?oeoo?a ianoiuo yeeo. Iieiaeaiea io?an-
eaauo yeeo a ?aaeiiao ineaaei a nayce n i?iaeieaeathueiny yeiiiie-
/aneei niaaeii e i?eaaoecaoeeae, iaiythueie “noaooniua aana” o/ano-
ieeia. Io?aneaaua i?iaeaiu oaeoe/anee noaiiayony i?iaeaiaie ?aae-
iiia, iaeiaei i?e yoii ia i?aa?auathony a ?aaeiiaeueiua ii e?aeiae
ia?a a niciaiee i?aayueo yeeo. ?oeiaiaeeoaee ?aaeiiia iaaniieiaiu
iaaniieiaiu i?iaeaiaie eieaeueiuo ?uieia o?oaea, iaieaoaaeae e e?e-
cenii nauoa ia ianoiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo, iaeiaei n/eoatho, /oi eieaeueii
aeaiiua i?iaeaiu ?aoaiu auoue ia iiaoo.
89 aaeieieno?aoeaiuo oa??eoi?ee a ?aieao ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
aeeth/atho 55 iaeanoae e e?aaa, aeaa ai?iaea oaaea?aeueiiai iiae/eiaiey
(Iineaa e Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a), 21 ?anioaeeeo e 11 aaoiiiiiuo oa??e-
oi?ee.
Niaeanii iiaie eiinoeoooeee, ?anioaeeee iieuecothony ii?aaeaeai-
iuie i?eaeeaaeyie, /oi neoaeeo enoi/ieeii iaaeiaieuenoaa ni noi?iiu
ae?oaeo noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee. *anoi ooaa?aeaeaaony, /oi ?anioaeeee
eiatho i?eaeeaae?iaaiiia iieiaeaiea i?e inouanoaeaiee athaeaeaoiie ii-
eeoeee e /oi eo i?aaa ii eiio?ieth ca eniieueciaaieai i?e?iaeiuo ?a-
no?nia i?aauoatho aiaeiae/iua iieiiii/ey inoaeueiuo ?aaeiiia.
Oaaea?aoeaiue aeiaiai? 1992 aiaea, ia eioi?ii iainiiauaaaony
?acaeaeaiea i?aa e iaycaiiinoae iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiuie e aieaa ieceeie
aaeieieno?aoeaiuie o?iaiyie, yaeyaony ia/aoeei e i?ioeai?a/eaui a
/anoe, eanathuaeny eiio?iey ca i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie; e oiio aea oio
oaeo, /oi aieueoeinoai ?anioaeee aaaeiaa iiiaeo iaeanoae e e?aaa,
iia au a i?eioeeia iauynieoue ?acee/ioth no?oeoo?o aeaeaeaiey
athaeaeao-
iuo n?aaenoa iaaeaeo oeaio?ii e ?aaeiiaie. Aiciiaeii, iaeaieaa nouano-
aaiiia i?aeiouanoai ?anioaeee a ioiioaieyo n oeaio?ii ninoieo a
oii, /oi ia ieo ?ani?ino?aiyaony iieiaeaiea i oeaio?aeeciaaiiii
iacia/aiee i?aceaeaioii ?O aoaa?iaoi?ia (aeaa aaeieieno?aoeee).
A oi a?aiy eae a 1992-1993 aiaeao ?aoi?ienoneia e?uei ?in-
neeneiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa ai?ieinue n o?aaeeoeeiiaeenoaie a ia?eaiaioa
e a naiii i?aaeoaeuenoaa, iii oaeaea iaoiaeeeinue a eiioeeeoa n ?aae-
iiaeueiuie yeeoaie e auai?iuie ?aaeiiaeueiuie i?aaiaie aeanoe. In-
iiaiie eiioeeeo ?acai?a/eaaeny ia noieueei ii iiaiaeo i?eaaoecaoeee
eee ioe?uoey yeiiiieee aiaoiaio ie?o, noieueei a ioiioaiee aeaoo
aaciauo yeaiaioia yeiiiie/aneie o?ainoi?iaoeee: noaaeeecaoeee e ee-
aa?aeecaoeee oeai.
Iiceoeeth iiiaeo i?aaenoaaeoaeae ianoiie yeeou – auaoea ?aaio-
ieea aiia?aoa, eiiioienoe/aneie ia?oee, aee?aeoi?a e?oiiuo i?aaei-
?eyoee, ainiiaenoaothuea ia i?iaeioeeaeueiie iieeoe/aneie a?aia –
iiaeii au?aceoue oae: “Noaaeeecaoeey, ii ia ia iiae oa??eoi?ee”.
Ianoiua iieeoe/aneea ?oeiaiaeeoaee a ?innee ieacuaatho aeaaeaiea ia
oeaio? n oeaeueth nio?aiaiey aeioaoeee i?iecaiaeeoaeyi a naieo ?aaeiiao
e neeiiiu iooyaeaaoue ia/aei no?oeoo?iie ia?ano?ieee a ieo.
Iiaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi ?aciua ?aaeiiu aeieaeiu auee au i?iai-
aeeoue ?acee/ioth yeiiiie/aneoth iieeoeeo, io?aaeathuoth enoiaeiua
o?iaie
eo ?acaeoey e iaee/ea ?ano?nia, ia?niaeoeau aaeaioaoeee e ?uii/iie
yeiiiieea, a oaeaea iieeoe/aneea i?aaeii/oaiey ianoiuo ?oeiaiaeeoa-
eae. A ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie yoe ?acee/ey nouanoaotho, oioy aucuaa-
thuea eo eiie?aoiua oaeoi?u ia aiieia i/aaeaeiu.
A oiaea noaoenoe/aneiai aiaeeca oaeoi?ia, aeeythueo ia oaiiu
iaeie i?eaaoecaoeee a 77 ?aaeiiao ?innee a 1992 aiaeo, auei iaia?o-
aeaii, /oi noaoenoe/anee cia/eiuie ieacaeenue eeoue ?acee/iua iiee-
oe/aneeo i?eaioaoeee ianoiuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae e oaeaeueiue aan ia?onn-
eeo ai anai ianaeaiee. Aeeyiea ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia ieacaeinue iacia/e-
oaeueiui. Yoi aea ni?aaaaeeeai a ioiioaiee eiaeaena ?aaeiiaeueiie ca-
aeneiinoe io oaeeo io?aneae i?iiuoeaiiinoe, eae iaoaeeo?aey e ia-
oeiino?iaiea, eioi?ua, eae n/eoaaony, na?ueacii “no?aaeatho” io ?a-
oi?i. A ethaii neo/aa ?acee/ey a ioiioaiee ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ia ianoao
e i?iaiaeeiui i?aia?aciaaieyi eiatho ia?aie/aiiia aeeyiea, iineieue-
eo eeoue i/aiue iaaieueoia eiee/anoai aaeieieno?aoeaiuo oa??eoi?ee
aicaeaaeytho ianoiua ?oeiaiaeeoaee n onoiyaoaeny ?aiooaoeeae noi?ii-
ieeia ?aoi?i. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy yoi ai?iaea Iineaa, naieo-iaoa?-
ao?a, Ieaeaai?iaeneay, a oaeaea Aieaia?aaeneay iaeanoe.
Anoanoaaiii i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi athaeaeaoiua ia?a/eneaiey
iaaeaeo
?aciuie o?iaiyie oi?aaeaiey ?innee oa?aeoa?ecothony nouanoaaiiuie
?acee/eyie. Oi?iaeueii eiaao ianoi i?ioeann “aeaeaaea nieco aaa?o”, a
oiaea eioi?iai i?aaeiieiaeeoaeueii noaiaea?oiua (iauaiaoeeiiaeueiua)
aei-
ee aeioiaeia io ioaeaeueiuo iaeiaia, nia?aiiuo ia ianoiii o?iaia, ia-
?aaeathony oeaio?o, a caoai ia?a?ani?aaeaeythony ec oeaio?a a ?aaeiiu.
Oeiainiaua iaoaieciu ?aaeiiaeueiie iieeoeee naaiaeiy yaeythony
iiuiaeoei ?u/aaii aa aeaenoaeoaeueiiai noaiiaeaiey.
III. ?aaeiiaeueiay athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaay nenoaia
?aaeiiaeueiay athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaay nenoaia – yoi iainiaeaiiay
/anoue niioaaonoaothuae ainoaea?noaaiiie nenoaiu, naycaiiay n iin-
eaaeiae aaiaoe/anee e no?oeoo?ii. Iia ninoaaeyao eiaiii /anoue oea-
eiai (iiea nouanoaoao oeaeinoiinoue ainoaea?noaa), ii-naiaio io?aaeay
niioiioaiea oeaio?aeecaoeee e aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee, aaeain oeaio?iaaaeiuo
e oeaio?ino?aieoaeueiuo oaiaeaioeee. ?aaeiiaeueiay
athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaay
nenoaia – neiaie e aa?aio ?aaeiiaeueiie ineaaeaiiinoe, iacaaene-
iinoe, naiinoiyoaeueiinoe. Ionthaea ooaa?aeaeaiey oeia “neeueiue (eee
iacaaeneiue) athaeaeao – neeueiua (eee iacaaeneiua) ?aaeiiu”.
?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaua nenoaiu – ii?iaeaeaiea e ?a-
coeueoao oa??eoi?eaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee iauanoaa.
Athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaua nenoaiu ?aaeiiia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ae-
eoioee?otho ieiei iieiaeiu anao athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiauo iioieia aino-
aea?noaa, n aanueia caiaoiuie eieaaaieyie a /anoe ?anoiaeia e aeioi-
aeia. Oae, ii aeaiiui Aineiinoaoa ?innee a ia?aii iieoaiaeee 1993
aiaea a iaueo aeioiaeao ia aeieth oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa
i?eoiaeeeinue
48%, athaeaeaoa oa??eoi?ee – 52% (a 1992 a.- niioaaonoaaiii 44 e
56%). A ?anoiaeao oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao caieiae 53%, athaeaeao
oa??eoi-
?ee 47% (61 e 39% a 1992 a.).
A iniiaa ?aaeiiaeueiie athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaie nenoaiu eaaeeo ?aae-
iiaeueiua athaeaeaou, ?aaeiiaeueiua iaeiae, nai?u, eueaiou, aeioaoeee
e
noaaaioeee, a oaeaea ?aaeiiaeueiua oeiainiaua e iaeiaiaua ioiioaiey
n “oeaio?ii” e ?aaea n ae?oaeie oa??eoi?eaeueiuie o?iaiyie. Ii yea-
iaioiiio ninoaao ?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaua nenoaiu aiaei-
ae/iu iauaainoaea?noaaiiui, ioee/aynue oieueei ioiioaieyie. Iai?e-
ia?: iaeiae e nai?u, aeioaoeee e noaaaioeee i?enoonoaotho a iaieo
neo/ayo, ii ainoaea?noai eo iacia/aao, onoaiaaeeaaao, oiaaea eae
?aaeiiu n oie eee eiie noaiaiueth naiaiaeu i?eieiatho eo e eniieiaieth
e eniieueciaaieth. ?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaua nenoaiu ninoiyo
ec ianeieueeeo ?aaeiiaeueiuo iiaenenoai ?aciiai o?iaiy, i?e ea?a?oe-
/aneii iino?iaiee oa??eoi?eaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee ainoaea?noaa (iai?e-
ia?:anee ianaeaiiue ioieo aoiaeeo a ninoaa ?aeiia, ?aeii – iaean-
oe, e o.ae.) iaaeaeo yoeie iiaenenoaiaie aicieeatho
athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaua
ioiioaiey, ai iiiaii aiaeiae/iua ioiioaieyi oeia “ainoaea?noai-?a-
aeii”.
?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaua nenoaiu nicaeathony e ?aoi?ie-
?othony aeey auiieiaiey ianeieueeeo acaeiinaycaiiuo ooieoeee, n?aaee
eioi?ue neaaeothuea:
1) Cae?aieaiea ii?aaeaeaiiiai ii?yaeea aeaeaeaiey athaeaeaoii-iaei-
aiauo iioieia, ii o?iaiyi oa??eoi?eaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee ainoaea?noaa
(iai?aaeaiea yoeo iioieia, i?iii?oeee eo ?acaeaeaiey, oeaeaaia iac-
ia/aiea e o.ae.) e aaeaeaaoiuo i?ioeaaeo? ?aaoee?iaaiey aicieeathueo
ii yoiio iiaiaeo ioiioaiee.
2) Aeeoioee?iaaiea e eniieueciaaiea a iaua?aaeiiaeueiuo oeaeyo:
n?aaenoa, ia?aciaaiiuo ia naiie oa??eoi?ee e iinooiathueo a ?aaei-
iaeueiua athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaua nenoaiu iieiinoueth e iaeiieaiaeueii
(oa-
eiai aieueoeinoai ianoiuo iaeiaia, oo?aoia e eiuo oeiainiauo naie-
oeee), aiaeiae/ii ia?aciaaiiuo n?aaenoa, iinooiathueo a yoe nenoaiu
/anoe/ii, a niioaaonoaee n i?eiyoui ii?yaeeii eo ?ani?aaeaeaiey
iaaeaeo athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiauie nenoaiaie ?aciiai o?iaiy (iai?eia?
“iaooyiua aeaiueae”). *anoue n?aaenoa, aeeoioee?oaiuo a auoanoiyuae
athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaie nenoaia, ia?a?ani?aaeaeyaony ii oai eee eiui
niia?aaeaieyi a iieueco iaaeanoiyueo ?aaeiiaeueiuo nenoai (aeioaoeee e
noaaaioeee, a oaeaea /anoue “ianoiuo n?aaenoa”, ii ?ac?aoaieth auoan-
oiyueo nenoai ei ia ia?a/eneaiiay).
3) Auiieiaiea ?aaeiiaeueiuie i?aaiaie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey
naieo i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo e eniieieoaeueiuo iieiiii/ee n niaethaeaieai
o?aaiaaiee oi?iaeueiie oeiainiaie iacaaeneiinoe eo iieeoeee io au-
oanoiyueo o?iaiae.
4) Niiiiaania/aiea aioo?e?aaeiiaeueiuo nioeeaeueiuo i?ia?aii,
o.a. athaeaeaoiia oaeiaeaoai?aiea /anoe iio?aaiinoae ianaeaiey a ii-
?aaeaeaiiuo aeeciaiiuo aeaaao e ?aaeecaoeee aai iaoeeiiaeueii-yoie/an-
eeo eioa?ania. Ianiio?y ia ana aieueooth naiiaeinoaoi/iinoue ianaea-
iey e eiiia?oeeaeecaoeeth nioeeaeueiie noa?u, aeiey noieiinoe niioaaon-
oaothueo oneoa, oeiaine?oaiuo /a?ac eaiaeu ?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeao-
ii-iaeiaiauo nenoai, aeinoeaaao /aoaa?oe e noiia aeioiaeia ianaeaiey
?innee (ca au/aoii iaeiaia).
5. Oi?ie?iaaiea eio?ano?oeoo?iiai ea?eana oa??eoi?ee (io?an-
ee “ianoiiai oicyenoaa”, ianoiua aei?iae e o?ainii?o e o.i.) eae
aaaeiaeoaai enoiaeiiai oneiaey oi?ie?iaaiey e iiaeaea?aeaiey aioo?e?a-
aeiiaeueiuo naycae.
6. ?aaoee?iaaiea ninoiyiey e eniieueciaaiey i?e?iaeii-?ano?n-
iiai e yeieiae/aneiai iioaioeeaea (caiey, iaae?a, eana, aiaeu, oei?a
e oaoia, aicaeooiue aannaei) eae anoanoaaiiiai aacena nouanoaiaa-
iey e ?acaeoey oa??eoi?ee.
7. Noeioee?iaaiea ii?aaeaeaiiuo oeaiiinoiuo ?aaeiiaeueiuo i?e-
aioe?ia ianaeaiey, nicaeaiea oneiaee aeey aai aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe,
aeey no?oeoo?iuo i?aia?aciaaiee, aeey eiaanoeoeeiiiie i?eaeaeaoaeue-
iinoe e o.ae. Yoi aii?in ia oieueei iioaioeee oa??eoi?eaeueiiai ?ac-
aeoey, ii e aoaeouaai athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaiai aeaaiiieo/ey.
?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaua nenoaiu ai anao no?aiao –
o?aaeeoeeiiiue iauaeo anaiauaai iaaeiaieuenoaa e e?eoeee. Iniiaiia
o?aaiaaiea e athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaie nenoaia – o?aaiaaiea oeaeaaie ?a-
aeiiaeueiie i?eaioaoeee ?anniao?eaaaiuo nenoai, aac eioi?ie iie
i?aa?auathony a ieaeiee o?iaaiue oioaeeoa?ii-ainoaea?noaaiiiai athae-
aeaoii-iaeiaiaiai oicyenoaa.
Iaeii ec nouanoaaiiuo iai?aaeaiee ?acaa?ouaaiey ?inneeneeo
?aoi?i, caiouaiiuo n 1993 aiaea, aeaoeaio?aeecaoeey a noa?a aioo?eai-
noaea?noaaiiuo oeiainiauo ioiioaiee. ia/aeinue oi?ie?iaaiea iaeiaai
iniiaaiiiai ia ea/anoaaiii iiauo i?eioeeiao athaeaeaoiiai nithca Oaaea-
?aoeee (aa noauaeoia e aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo aaeeieoe).
?a/ue eaeao i?aaeaea anaai i oii, /oi athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaua ioiioaiey
“oeaio?a” e ?aaeiiia ana a aieueoae ia?a noaee ii?aaeaeyoueny caeiiii
e aeiiieieoaeueiiai ?aaoee?iaaoueny a ?aaeeia aeeaeiaa. Iuooeii oneee-
aaaony ioaaonoaaiiinoue ?aaeiiaeueiuo i?aaiia aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey
ca iai?aaeaiey ?anoiaeiaaiey oeiainiauo n?aaenoa (iniaaiii a nioee-
aeueiie noa?a), aa?aioe?othony iiaua athaeaeaoiua i?aaa yoeo i?aaiia e
iiyaeythony iiaua enoi/ieee iinooieaiee a ?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaou.
A ianoa n oai i?ia?aiia i?aia?aciaaiey iaeiaiai-oeiainiauo
ioiioaiee ii ?yaeo eeth/aauo iiceoeee yaii ia aei?aaioaia; iaeioi?ua
aa iieiaeaiey i?ioeai?a/ao ae?oa ae?oao, iiiaea inoathony ino?iaeen-
eonneiiiuie. Iaiaoiaeeii ouaoaeueii neaaeeoue ca oai, /oiau ecae?aa-
iua niiniau ?aoaiey naaiaeiyoieo caaea/ (a o./. aioeeioeyoeeiiiuo e
naycaiiuo n nie?auaieai athaeaeaoiiai aeia?aeaoeoeeoa) oae eee eia/a
oi?ie?othuea eiioo?u noaiiayueony athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiauo nenoai, ia
aeiee?iaaee au ?aaeecaoeeth oeaeae aeieaia?aiaiiuo oeaeae ?aaeiiaeueiie
iieeoeee.
Aiaeiae/iua niia?aaeaiey iiaeii auneacaoue e ii iiaiaeo ii?ia-
oeaii-i?aaiaie aacu iiauo iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee. Yoa aaca
oieueei neeaaeuaaaony e iiea i/aiue aeaeaea io niioaaonoaey i?eioeeie-
aeueiui o?aaiaaieyi oeaeinoiinoe, iieiiou e iai?ioeai?a/eainoe; iia
iai?a?uaii ia?aniao?eaaaony e ei??aeoe?oaony, oae /oi iaeaieaa
aeaeaoaeueiia aa ea/anoai – noaaeeueiinoue – iiea inoaaony iaaeinooi-
iui.
“Inoia” ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiaie aacu ia?acotho Eiinoeoooeey ?in-
neeneie Oaaea?aoeee, a oaeaea caeiiu “Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiiai ono?ien-
oaa e athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”, “Ia iniiaao
iaeiaiaie nenoaiu a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”, “Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiuo
i?aa e i?aa ii oi?ie?iaaieth e eniieueciaaieth aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo e eniieieoaeueiuo i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe
?anioaeee, a ninoaaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, aaoiiiiiie iaeanoe,
aaoiiiiiuo ie?oaia, e?aaa, iaeanoae, ai?iaeia Iineau e Naieo-Ia-
oa?ao?aa, i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey”. Iiiai/eneaiiua i?aai-
aua ii?iu, ?aaoee?othuea athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaua ioiioaiey a ?aaeiiaeue-
iii ?ac?aca niaea?aeaony e a ?inneeneeo caeiiao “I e?aaaii, iaeano-
iii Niaaoa ia?iaeiuo aeaiooaoia e e?aaaie, iaeanoiie aaeieieno?a-
oeee”, “I ianoiii naiioi?aaeaiee a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”.
Iniaia ianoi a iaoaiecia i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey acaeiiaeaen-
oaey athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiauo nenoai ia oaaea?aeueiii e noaoaaea?aeueiii
o?iaiyo caieiaao Caeii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee “I noaaaioeeyo ?anioa-
eeeai a ninoaaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, e?ayi, iaeanoyi, aaoiiiiiie
iaeanoe, aaoiiiiiui ie?oaai, ai?iaeai Iineaa e Naieo-Iaoa?ao?oa”,
a eioi?ii onoaiiaeaiu i?aaiaua iniiau ieacaiey oeaio?aeeciaaiiie
oeiainiaie iiiiue ?aaeiiai – noauaeoai Oaaea?aoeee. Aaaeiaeoea eiee-
/anoaaiiua i?iii?oeee a athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiauo acaeiiioiioaieyo “oeaio-
?a” e ?aaeiiia ?innee ii?aaeaeytho aaeaaiaeii i?eieiaaiua caeiiu ?in-
neeneie Oaaea?aoeee i athaeaeaoa ia i/a?aaeiie oeiainiaue aiae.
I?iaeaia acaeiiioiioaiey ?aciio?iaiaauo athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiauo
nenoai eiaao a oneiaeyo ?inneeneie yeiiiieee aeaa aniaeoa. N iaeiie
noi?iiu ?anniao?eaathony acaeiiioiioaiey iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiui
athaeaea-
oii e athaeaeaoaie noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, – oeiaini-
aua ioiioaiey iaaeaeo i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey Oaaea?a-
oeee e no?oeoo?aie ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
A iauai neo/aa i?aaiecaoeey a ?innee oeiainiauo acaeiiioiioa-
iee iaaeaeo athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiauie nenoaiaie ?acee/iuo o?iaiae o?aaoao
?aoaiey o?ao acaeiinaycaiiuo aii?inia.
1 – ii eaeei i?eioeeiai aeieaeia auoue ?ani?aaeaeaia iaaeaeo ?acii-
o?iaiaauie i?aaiaie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca ino-
uanoaeaieai niioaaonoaothueo ?anoiaeia.
2 – eae iaiaoiaeeii ?ani?aaeaeeoue enoi/ieee aeioiaeia aeey iie?u-
oey oeacaiiuo ?anoiaeia?
3 – naycai n oai, /oi ?anoiaeiua noaouee athaeaeaoia e oeiainiaua
iinooieaiey iau/ii ia niaiaaeatho ii iauaio.
Iaeia ec aeaaiuo i?e/ei iiaeaea?aeaiey e onoaoaeaiey ino?iou ne-
ooaoeee ia i?ioyaeaiee iineaaeieo 2-o eao – ionoonoaea aaeeinoaa aca-
eiiioiioaiee athaeaeaoia ?aciuo o?iaiae, ia?anoaiea i?ioeanna eiaeeae-
aeoaeecaoeee athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiauo ioiioaiee iaaeaeo Oaaea?aoeeae e
noau-
aeoaie. I?iaeaia a ionoonoaee yniuo, iainiiaaiiuo e iauai?eciai-
iuo e?eoa?eaa e i?ioeaaeo?, i?eiaiyaiuo a ?aieao iauae iieeoeee
aioo?eainoaea?noaaiiie ia?aaea/e n?aaenoa. Yoi ianoiyoaeuenoai ii?iae-
aeaei o ?aaeiiia iinoiyiiia iuouaiea iani?aaaaeeeainoe, canoaaeyei
iiaeic?aaaoue oaaea?aeueiua i?aaiu a i?iaaaeaiee i?ioaeoeeiienoneie ii-
eeoeee a ioiioaiee oao eee eiuo ?aaeiiia, aucuaaei iaino?aiea
iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiuo i?ioeai?a/ee e naia?aoenoneeo iano?iaiee. Iaiain-
iiaaiiue aeenaaeain a ioiioaieyo ?inneeneiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa n ?aae-
iiaie, eanathueony iaeiaiauo io/eneaiee a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao e
i?aaeinoaaeaiey ec iaai aeioaoeee oa??eoi?eyi, ni?iaioee?iaae oacen
“i ia?aaiii?aaiinoe noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee”. Iiyaeeenue aeaaea ?acee/-
iua eo eeanneoeeaoeee, aace?oaiua ia n?aaiaiee ?aaeiiia ii o?iaith
athaeaeaoiie iaania/aiiinoe, iauaiai ieaoaaeae a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao
e
aeioaoeeyi ec iaai. Iaeei ec aeinoaoi/ii e?anii?a/eauo aa?eaioia
a?oiie?iaee ?aaeiiia ii yoei ia?aiao?ai i?eaaaeai a oaaeeoea.
Iaania/aiiinoue oa??eoi?eaeueiuo athaeaeaoia a 1992 aiaeo
——————————————-T———T———T——–
¬
¦ ¦ “Iiaua” ¦ “Noa?ua”¦ E?ay,
¦
¦ ¦aaoiiiiee¦aaoiiiiee¦
iaeanoe¦
+——————————————+———+———+——–
+
¦1. Athaeaeaoiay iaania/aiiinoue ii aeioiaeai,% ¦ 186-203 ¦ 132-138 ¦
90-91 ¦
+——————————————+———+———+——–
+
¦2. Athaeaeaoiay iaania/aiiinoue ii ?anoiaeai,% ¦ 207 ¦ 133 ¦
90 ¦
+——————————————+———+———+——–
+
¦3. Iauai oaaea?aeueiuo aeioaoeee, noaaaioeee e ¦ 330 ¦ 183 ¦
77 ¦
¦athaeaeaoiuo nnoae ia iaeiiai aeeoaey,% io n?aae-¦ ¦ ¦
¦
¦iaai o?iaiy ¦ ¦ ¦
¦
+——————————————+———+———+——–
+
¦4. Ia?a/eneaii a athaeaeao ?O,% io eoiaiauo ¦ 11 ¦ 19 ¦ 91
¦
¦aeioiaeia oa??eoi?eaeueiuo athaeaeaoia ¦ ¦ ¦
¦
L——————————————+———+———+——–
–
Ec aeaiiuo oaaeeoeu oi?ioi aeaeia noaiaiue aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiinoe
athaeaeaoiie iaania/aiiinoe ii aeioiaeiie e ?anoiaeiie /anoyi oa??eoi-
?eaeueiuo athaeaeaoia ?aciuo ?aaeiiia ?innee. E yoiio neaaeoao aeiaa-
aeoue, /oi ia aaoiiiiiua ia?aciaaiey, aaea i?iaeeaaao eeoue 14% iana-
eaiey ?innee, ieaie?iaaeinue auaeaeeoue 50% io noiiu anao oaaea?aeue-
iuo aeioaoeee ?aaeiiai.
Aaconeiaii, oeneaeueiia au?aaieaaiea ii ?aaeiiai ?innee aua
aeieaia a?aiy inoaiaony iauaeoeaiie e aeooaeueiie iaiaoiaeeiinoueth.
IV. Acaeiiaeaenoaea athaeaeaoia
O?aaeeoeeiiii nouanoaoao o?e iniiaiuo iiaeoiaea e ?aoaieth i?ia-
eaiu ?acaeaeaiey athaeaeaoia. Ia?aue ec ieo i?aaeiieaaaao aaaaeaiea
?acee/ee ii eaoaai?eyi iaeiaia. Ia eaaeaeii ec o?ao o?iaiae (Oaaea-
?aoeey, ?aaeiiu, ianoiua i?aaiu) i?e yoii niae?athony naie aaciaua
iaeiae. Oaeay noaia ?aca?aie/aiey aeioiaeia ieieiece?oao ia?a?ani-
?aaeaeeoaeueiua i?ioeannu a athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaie nenoaia, oi?ie?oao
noaaeeueiua e aiieia iiiyoiua “i?aaeea ea?u” iaaeaeo noauaeoaie Oa-
aea?aoeee e oeaio?ii. Aianoa n oai aeaiiay noaia iiaeao auoue yooaeoea-
ii ?aaeeciaaia eeoue i?e n?aaieoaeueiie iaeii?iaeiinoe ?aaeiiia a
oeneaeueiie ioiioaiee. Iaaeaeo oai a ?innee ?aaeiiu a yoii ioiioaiee
?acii?iaeiu.
Aoi?ie iiaeoiae caeeth/aaony a ?acaeaeaiee aeioiaeia io iaeiaia. A
?aieao athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaie nenoaiu oeene?othony i?ioeaioiua noaaee,
a niioaaonoaee n eioi?uie ii ii?aaeaeaiiui auaeai iaeiaia iinooiea-
iey ?ani?aaeaeythony iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiuie i?aaiaie e oa??eoi?eyie.
I?e yoii aiciiaeai e aa?eaio niaaeeiaiey noaaie: ia oaaea?aeueiii
o?iaia aaiaeeony naiy noaaea, ia ?aaeiiaeueiii – naiy. Oaeie iiaeoiae
ioe?uaaao oe?ieea aiciiaeiinoe oaaee/aiey ianooaaia ia?a?ani?aaea-
eaiey athaeaeaoiuo ?ano?nia. Yoi iiiu?yao ?aaeiiu e ieacaieth ia
oeaio? eae iiaeii aieueoaai aeaaeaiey n oai, /oiau iieo/eoue
athaeaeao-
ii-iaeiaiaua eueaiou, iooai aeeooa?aioeeaoeee niioaaonoaothueo noaaie
io/eneaiee. Iiiyoii, /oi oniao caeanue iaeiiai ?aaeiia neoaeeo noeio-
eii aua aieueoae aeoeaecaoeee ae?oaeo. ?acoeueoao – ?aceia oneeaiea
eiaeeaeaeoaeueii ?aaeiiaeueiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey athaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee.
Iiae oaea?aie ?aaeiiaeueiuo yeeo nenoaia aaeeiuo oaaea?aeueiuo iaeiaia
iinoaiaiii ?ac?ooaaony e ia?anoaao auiieiyoue ooieoeee eioaa?e?oth-
uaai oaeoi?a a ?aieao Oaaea?aoeee. Athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaay nenoaia i?e-
ia?aoaao aeiaiai?ii-?aaeiiaeueiue oa?aeoa?. I?e anai oii iaeuecy ia
ioiaoeoue, /oi a i?eioeeia ?aaeecaoeey aoi?iai iiaeoiaea aeaao aiciiae-
iinoue iaeneiaeueii o/eouaaoue niaoeeoeeo ?inneeneeo ?aaeiiia.
O?aoee i?eioeeieaeueiue iiaeoiae e ?acaeaeaieth athaeaeaoia iaaeaeo
oa-
aea?aeueiuie i?aaiaie e oa??eoi?eyie i?aaeiieaaaao ii?aaeaeaiea i?i-
oeaioa auieao a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao io iauae noiiu oaeoe/anee ace-
iaaiuo a ?aaeiia iaeiaia. I?e yoii, iaeiaei, /anoi ia ooi/iyaony,
aoaeao ee eaaeaeay oa??eoi?ey aaiaeeoue naith nianoaaiioth nenoaio iaei-
aia eee aea eniieueciaaoue a ea/anoaa iniiau aaeeioth nenoaio, niaea-
niaaiioth iaaeaeo ?aaeiiaie ia oaaea?aeueiii o?iaia. Iiyoiio i?e ?aa-
eecaoeee aeaiiiai iiaeoiaea eae ?ac e iiyaeyaony iianiinoue iaeneiaeue-
iie aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa i?e iaeiia?aiaiiii
oneea-
iee ia?a?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiuo i?ioeannia e oeaio?aeecaoeee
athaeaeaoiuo
n?aaenoa ia ?aaeiiaeueiii o?iaia.
Aanueia i?iaeaiaoe/ia e naia aiciiaeiinoue ii?aaeaeaiey niaeani-
aaiiie n ?aaeiiaie i?ioeaioiie noaaee io/eneaiee a oaaea?aeueiue
athaeaeao. ?aaeiiu-yenii?oa?u aoaeoo, iiiyoii, ianoaeaaoue ia aa nie-
aeaiee. Oae, Oaoa?noai i?aaeeaaaao onoaiiaeoue aa ia o?iaia 20%.
N?aaieoaeueii aea aaaeiua a ?ano?niii ioiioaiee ?aaeiiu, oa?aeoa?e-
cothueany ieceei o?iaiai oeneaeueiie iaania/aiiinoe, caeioa?aniaaiu
a aieaa aunieeo i?ioeaioiuo noaaeao io/eneaiee n oai, /oiau iiae-
aea?aeeaaoue e iiiieiyoue athaeaeaoiua ?ano?nu ?aaeiiaeueiiai
au?aaieaa-
iey, ec eioi?uo ioaeaeathueany noauaeou noauaeou Oaaea?aoeee iieo/atho
aanueia iuooeioth iiaeaea?aeeo.
Eniieiaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee n
oeaeueth enneaaeiaaiey niioiioaiey iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiui e
?aaeiiaeueiuie
athaeaeaoaie i?aaenoaaeaii a oaaeeoea N1.
A oiaea yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i a aeioiaeao eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai
athaeaeaoa aeiey iinooieaoeo i?yiuo iaeiaia nouanoaaiii iiauneeanue, a
einaaiiuo – niioaaonoaaiii nieceeanue. A aeioiaeiie aaca athaeaeaoia
oa??eoi?ee iaaethaeaeinue iaeioi?ia oiaiueoaiea oaeaeueiiai aana i?yiuo
e einaaiiuo iaeiaia, aianoa acyouo, i?e iaeiia?aiaiiii oaaee/aiee
aeiee ae?oaeo iaeiaia e nai?ia.
A ?acoeueoaoa e eiioeo 1993 a. oaeaeueiue aan aeioiaeia, aeeoioee-
?oaiuo ?aaeiiaeueiuie athaeaeaoaie (aac noaaaioeee), caiaoii aic?in –
n 44,1 aei 58,8%. Yoi aea niioiioaiea nio?aiyeinue a 1 eaa?oaea 1994
aiaea. Ia 1 ai?aey 1994 a. aeiey ?aaeiiia a iauai iauaia iaeiaa ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue ii n?aaiaieth n 1992 a. oaaee/eeanue n 2561
aei 33,5%, aeoeecia – n 33,5 aei 43%, i?yiuo iaeiaia – n 67,7 aei
71,3%, ae?oaeo iaeiaia e nai?ia – n 51,6 aei 65,9%.
Inouanoaeaiea oaeoe/aneiai ?acaeaeaiey aeioiaeia eiinieeaee?i-
aaiiiai athaeaeaoa ii iaeiaai i?e aai eniieiaiee iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiuie
i?aaiaie e oa??eoi?eyie a 1993 a. iieacaii a oaaeeoea N2.
Nieaeaiea aeiee iaeiaiauo ieaoaaeae, iinooiathueo a oaaea?aeue-
iue athaeaeao, ii n?aaiaieth n i?iaiice?oaiie ii ioeaieai niaoeeaeenoia
iaoneiaeaii ia?ooaieai oeaeui ?aaeii ?inneeneeo ?aaeiiia aeaenoaoth-
uaai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. Oieueei Aaoee?ey e Oaoa?ey iaaeiiinoaaeee a
1993 a. a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ia noiio aieaa
400
ie?ae.?oa. (/oi i?eia?ii ?aaii iieiaeia anao athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa,
eaeoueo ia ioaeaeu ?inneeneiai aunoaai ia?aciaaiey); 600 ie?ae.?oa.
auei iaaeiiieo/aii ii n?aaiaieth n i?iaiicii aneaaenoaea onoaiiaea-
iey a 1993 a. aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiuo ii?iaoeaia io/eneaiee iaeiaa ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue a athaeaeaou iaoeeiiaeueii-ainoaea?noaaiiuo e
aae-
ieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee.
I?e aeinoaoi/ii nenoaiaoe/aneii nieaeaiee iaeiaiauo iinooiea-
iee a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao a 1993 a. o?iaaiue niioaaonoaothueo ieaoa-
aeae, ca/eneyaiuo a athaeaeaou iaoeeiiaeueii-ainoaea?noaaiiuo e
aaeie-
ieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee, ii ioiioaieth a AAI nio-
?aiyaony ioiineoaeueii noaaeeueiui. A 1 eaa?oaea ii ?aaiyeny 16,3%,
ai II – 16,3%, III – 14,2%, a IV – 15,1%.
Iaaeaeo oai a 1992 a. ia ?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaou i?eoiaeeeinue
eeoue
38,6% iauae noiiu athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia, a 1993 a. – 44,1%, a 1
eaa?oaea 1994 a. – 52,0%. A 1993 a. ?aaeiiaeueiuie athaeaeaoaie a oea-
eii ii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee auei iieo/aii aeioaoeee e noaaaioeee ec
oaaea?aeueiiai (?anioaeeeaineiai) athaeaeaoa (aac oaaea?aeueiuo i?ia-
?aii) ia noiio 3,2 o?ei.?oa. Iauaiu oaaea?aeueiie iiaeaea?aeee ?aaei-
iia, oaeei ia?acii, i?eaeeceoaeueii niioaaonoaiaaee 28,8% anaai
nia?aiiiai ca oeacaiiue ia?eiae a eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao iaeiaa
ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue. Caiaoei i?e yoii, /oi oaea a 1992 a. ia
oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao i?eoiaeeeinue 53,2% cao?ao ia ia?iaeiia
oicyen-
oai, ieiei 40% – ia iaania/aiea ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ainoaea?noaaiiie
aaeieieno?aoeee, ii/oe 30% – ia cae?aaiio?aiaiea e ia?aciaaiea, ana
cao?aou ia iai?iio e ii aiaoiaoi?aiaui iia?aoeeyi e ieiei 75% ae?o-
aeo ?anoiaeia. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy yoe e?aeia iaaeaaii?eyoiua aeey
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa niioiioaiey ianeieueei oeo/oeeenue. Oae, ii
eoiaai eniieiaiey ?inneeneiai athaeaeaoa a 1 eaa?oaea 1994 a. ia aei-
eth ?anoiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa i?eoiaeeeinue 27,7% cao?ao ia
ia-
?iaeiia oicyenoai, 50% – ia iaania/aiea ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ainoaea?n-
oaaiiie aaeieieno?aoeee, 15% – ia cae?aaiio?aiaiea e ia?aciaaiea ,
ana cao?aou ia iai?iio e ii aiaoiaoi?aiaui iia?aoeeyi e nauoa 53%
ae?oaeo ?anoiaeia.
I?eaaaeaiiua aeaiiua naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i aanueia na?ueaciie (oioy
/anoe/ii e ei??aeoe?oaiie) anneiao?ee neiaeeaoaeny iaeiaiai-athae-
aeaoiie nenoaiu n iiceoeee acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo oa??eoi?eyie e oa-
aea?aeueiuie i?aaiaie. Oeacaiiay anneiao?ey i?iaeieaeaao oneeeaaoueny.
Aaniethoiia aieueoeinoai oa??eoi?ee (85%) iaoiaeeony ia aeioaoeee oa-
aea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ?innee, i?e/ai iauay noiia ia?aaeaaaaiuo ii
acaeiiui ?an/aoai athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa ninoaaeyao ieiei 20% anao oe-
iainiauo ?ano?nia ?aaeiiia. Anoue e oaeea ?aaeiiu (Ooaa, Naaa?iay
Inaoey e ae?.), eioi?ua aeeaoo i?aeoe/anee iieiinoueth ia aeioaoeee oa-
aea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa.
Ieacuaay aeaaeaiea ia oaaea?aeueiua i?aaiu n oeaeueth iiiieiaiey
naieo aeioiaeia, ?aaeiiu aeaeatho i/aaeaeioth noaaeo ia IAeN, iaeia ia
i?eaueue e ?ano?niua ieaoaaee (aeiey aeoeecia a aeioiaeao ai iiiaeo ?a-
aeiiao iacia/eoaeueia). A I?ia?aiia oaeoaeaiey ?aoi?i a 1992 a.
aeiey iaeiaa ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue, inoaaeyaiay oa??eoi?eyi,
ii?aaeaeaia a 20%; e ia/aeo 1994 a. ?aaeiiai oaeaeinue aa oaaee/eoue
aieaa /ai a 1,6 ?ac, i?aeoe/anee iieiinoueth nio?aiea ca niaie
/anoue iieiaeaiiuo ei iinooieaiee iaeiaa ia i?eaueue. I?e yoii, oioy
iiiaea oa??eoi?ee e auee aioiau iiaea?oaiaaoue aeoeecaie, ?aaei-
iu-yenii?oa?u aeoeaii iuoaeenue ia?a?ani?aaeaeeoue a naith iieueco ae-
oeecu ia iaooue e aac e aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa oiiaea oeaiiaiai ?aaoee?i-
aaiey.
Oaeei ia?acii, a oneiaeyo oneeeaathuaeny anneiao?ee athaeaeao-
ii-iaeiaiaie nenoaiu iniiaiay ai?ueaa ?acai?a/eaaaony ca eioeyoee-
iiiua iaeiae, iaania/eaathuea nouanoaaiioth aeieth iinooieaiee a oa?-
?eoi?eaeueiua athaeaeaou.
Ieioei ?O i?aaei?eieiaao iiiuoee oaea?aeeaaoue aeieth
oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa ia aeinoaoi/ii aunieii o?iaia. E niaeaeaieth, ?acaeoea
athae-
aeaoiie neooaoeee ai iiiaii ia aeaaii?eyonoaoao yoiio. Oaeaeueiue aan
iaeiiai ec iniiaiuo oeiainiauo enoi/ieeia iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee a
oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao – iaeiaa ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue – a
eiiniee-
aee?iaaiiii athaeaeaoa iaoeeiiii nie?auaaony. Aeioiaeu io aiaoiayeiii-
ie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe ia a ninoiyiee eiiiaine?iaaoue oeacaiiia ia-
aeaiea. Iaeiia?aiaiii a eiinieeaee?iaaiiii athaeaeaoa i?ienoiaeeo oaaee-
/aiea aeiey i?yiuo iaeiaia, iniiaiuie ?aoeeieaioaie eioi?uo yaeytho-
ny oa??eoi?ee.
A yoeo oneiaeyo Ieioei ?O aianoi aeeoioee?iaaiey a oaaea?aeue-
iii athaeaeaoa anae aaee/eiu iaeiaa ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue e iae-
iia?aiaiii iaeioi?iai nieaeaiey oaaea?aeueiie noaaee iaeiaa ia i?e-
aueue eaeao ii iooe caauoaiey aeioiaeia anaai eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athae-
aeaoa e iiauoaiey oaaea?aeueiie noaaee iaeiaa ia i?eaueue n 10 aei
13%. A ?acoeueoaoa iiae caauoaiioth aeioiaeioth aaco ?inneeneiai
athaeaea-
oa oi?ie?othony aeiiieieoaeueiua ?anoiaeu, i?e/ai eae oaaea?aeueiiai,
oae e ?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia. Ia iie?uaay yoe ?anoiaeu nia?aiiuie
aeioiaeaie, iiiaea ?aaeiiu i?eaaaatho e i?yiui ia?ooaieyi iaeiai-
ai-athaeaeaoiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, /oi i?ienoiaeeo ia iauai oiia ?in-
oa acaeiiuo iaieaoaaeae. Eae neaaenoaea – iaaeiai? oeiainiauo n?aaen-
oa a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao e e?aoiia oaaee/aiea ia iaai
athaeaeaoiie
iaa?ocee. ?acoeueoaoii oaeie oeiainiaie iieeoeee yaeyaony oneeaiea
anneiao?ee ?inneeneie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu oaea ia noaaeee i?iaiiciuo
?an/aoia, ninoaaeaiey e caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai ooaa?aeaeaiey athaeaeaoa. A
i?ioeanna ei??aeoe?iaee e ooaa?aeaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ?O
ia 1994 a. ?aaeiiaeueiua no?oeoo?u aeanoe i?eia?aee aeiiieieoaeueii
nauoa 9 o?ei.?oa. aeioiaeia, iieo/ea iaeiia?aiaiii anaai eeoue 1,3
o?ei.?oa. aeiiieieoaeueiuo ?anoiaeia. Iaeiaei, anee ?aaeiiaeueiua
no?oeoo?u aeanoe a iniiaiii aeaeaee aeoeaio ia oaaee/aiea aeioiaeia
?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia, oi io?aneaaua eiaae, iai?ioea, aeoeaioe?i-
aaee naia aieiaiea ia oaaee/aiee ?anoiaeiie /anoe oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa. ?acoeueoaoii yoeo aeaenoaee yaeeny naiaia?aciue “aeaieiie
yooaeo” oneeaiey anneiao?ee ?inneeneie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu.
Anneiao?eth a niioiioaieyo iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiui e ?aaeiiaeueiuie
athaeaeaoaie aanueia iuooeii aeiiieiyao oaea ioia/aaoayny cia/eoaeueiay
aeeooa?aioeeaoeey ?aaeiiia n oi/ee c?aiey eo oeneaeueiie iaania/ai-
iinoe ia aeooo ianaeaiey. Naaiaeiy a ?innee anoue ?aaeiiu, eioi?ua
ia?a/eneytho a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao aei 60-65% aeioiaeia. N ae?oaie
noi-
?iiu, eiathony ?aaeiiu, iie?uaathuea 85-95% naieo ?anoiaeia ca n/ao
n?aaenoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa. Ec 89 ?aaeiiia 41 iieo/aao ec oaaea-
?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa 40% ?anoiaeoaiuo n?aaenoa, i?e/ai ia 22 ?aaeiia
i?eoiaeeony aieaa 60% auaeaeyaiuo aeioaoeee.
Aanue naaa? e tha ?innee iieiinoueth “neaeyo” ia aeioaoeeyo. Iniia-
iua “iinoaaueee” aeioiaeia a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao – iaeanoe, e?ay e
?anioaeeee, ia?acothuea “oceee iiyn”, eioi?ue ioaaouaaao Neae?ue,
O?ae e oeaio? ?innee, a oaeaea aeaa aaoiiiiiuo ie?oaa, aaea a aieueoeo
ianooaaao aeiauaaaony iaooue. I?e yoii ia Othiaineoth iaeanoue e
a.Iineao i?eoiaeeony nauoa 19% anao iinooieaiee a oaaea?aeueiue athae-
aeao.
Aiaeec aeaceioaa?aoeeiiiuo oaeoi?ia iieacuaaao, /oi nouanoaoao
aeinoaoi/ii oaniay naycue iaaeaeo ieceeie oaiiaie i?eaaoecaoeee a ?a-
aeiiao e aunieei o?iaiai iieo/aaiuo eie aeioaoeee ec oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa. Iiuiui oaeoi?ii “auaeaaiey” ?ano?nia ec oeaio?a neoaeeo
oa?ica ?acaeoey naia?aoenoneeo aeaeaeaiee.
Eae i?aaeei, cia/eoaeueiua oaaea?aeueiua athaeaeaoiua auieaou aei
ianoiyuaai a?aiaie iieo/aee oa ?aaeiiu, aaea aunie o?iaaiue o?aaie-
caoeee e eiathony aeinoaoi/ii aieueoea caianu i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia.
I?ineaaeeaaaony e oaeay caeiiiia?iinoue – /ai aieaa eiina?aaoeaai
?aaeii a i?iaaaeaiee yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i, oai auoa o?iaaiue iieo-
/aaiuo ec oeaio?a athaeaeaoiuo noaaaioeee e aeioaoeee.
I?e ?aoaiee aii?ina i auaeaeaiee ?aaeiiai oeiainiauo ?ano?nia
eo oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa a aeaea noaaaioeee e aeioaoeee, ia
neaaeoao
caauaaoue, /oi iaee/ea aeanoeiai oeiainiai-athaeaeaoiiai ia?aie/aiey
ni noi?iiu oaaea?aeueiuo i?aaiia a ioiioaiee ?aaeiiia ia oieueei
ii?iaeecoao nenoaio oeiainiai-athaeaeaoiuo o?ainoa?oia e niinianoao-
ao onei?aieth ?aoi?i, ii e yaeyaony na?ueaciui no?aoaae/aneei oae-
oi?ii iaania/aiey oeaeinoiinoe ?inneeneiai yeiiiie/aneiai i?ino-
?ainoaa.
V. ?aoeeiiaeecaoeey ?acaeaeaiey athaeaeaoia
Iiuiui oaeoi?ii naea?aeeaaiey eioeyoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia e iauaaee-
iaiey ?aaeiiia a aaeeiii aeaeaeaiee ca oyaeaeue ?oaeue iiaei au noaoue
nouanoaaiiia nie?auaiea aeiee a aeioiaeao athaeaeaoia oa??eoi?ee eiaiii
eioeyoeeiiiuo iaeiaia. I?e yoii ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea aeioiaeia a iieueco
oa??eoi?ee aeieaeii oanii oaycuaaoueny n ia?aaea/ae ia eo o?iaaiue ii-
?aaeaeaiiuo noaoae ?anoiaeia n niioaaonoaothuae ei /anoueth aeaoeoeeoa
athaeaeaoa. A i?ioeaiii neo/aa aeioiaeu noaioo ia?a?ani?aaeaeyoueny a
iieueco oa??eoi?ee, oiaaea eae athaeaeaoiua ?anoiaeu a iiaeaaeythuae
eo
/anoe aoaeoo i?iecaiaeeony oaaea?aeueiuie i?aaiaie.
Aiaeec aeioiaeia iieacuaaao, /oi iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noie-
iinoue iaeaaeaao aunieie athaeaeaoiie onoie/eainoueth. Eiaiii aai
oeaea-
niia?acii eniieueciaaoue eae inue iino?iaiey oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa
ii
aeioiaeai, aeiaaaey aeieth aeioiaeia io IAeN a oaaea?aeueiii
athaeaeaoa aei
40-45%. A yoi aiciiaeii eeoue i?e ?acaeaeaiee aeioiaeia io IAeN
iaaeaeo
oaaea?aeueiuie i?aaiaie e oa??eoi?eyie eae ieieioi a i?iii?oeee 9:1.
A oeaeii aea neaaeoao no?aieoueny e aai iieiiio, noii?ioeaioiiio ca-
/eneaieth a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao.
Aeaiiay ia?a iio?aaoao ii?aaeaeaiiuo onooiie oa??eoi?eyi a io-
iioaiee inoaeueiuo iaeiaia. Oae, auei au ii?aaaeaii a iieiii iauaia
ia?aaeaoue ?aaeiiai (i?e oneiaee oi?ie?iaaiey aaeeiuo oaaea?aeueiuo
noaaie) iaeiae ia aeioiaeu aaieia, aeioiaeu io no?aoiaie aeayoaeueiin-
oe, ia iia?aoeee n oeaiiuie aoiaaaie, 50% io/eneaiee ia io?aio e
aini?iecaiaenoai eania. Ca oa??eoi?eyie oaeaea neaaeiaaei au nio?a-
ieoue iaeia ia eiouanoai (nianoaaiiinoue), ieaoo ca caieth, eaniie
aeioiae, iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oece/aneeo eeoe.
Aeoeecu ia iaooue e aac a ?aieao i?aaeeaaaaiie noaiu auei au
oeaeaniia?acii, eae oaea ioia/aeinue, ia 60-70% inoaaeoue ca oaaea-
?aeueiuie i?aaiaie, inoaeueioth /anoue ia?aaeaa niioaaonoaothuei ?aaei-
iai-yenii?oa?ai. Aiaeiae/ii neaaeiaaei au iinooieoue ii anai aeoee-
cai ia naa?o?aioaaaeueiua yenii?oe?oaiua oiaa?u (iai?eia? eaaeiaua
aaoiiiaeee, iaoa e o.ae.). Aeoeecu ia aiaeeo, ieoueaaie e oaoie/aneee
nie?o neaaeoao ?acaeaeeoue a i?iii?oeee 1:1, ae?oaea – iieiinoueth ia?a-
aeaoue ?aaeiiai (a oii /enea ia eiii?oe?oaiua oiaa?u). A naith i/a-
?aaeue, ?aaeiiu iiaee au aaiaeeoue naie aeoeeciua nai?u ii ooaa?aeaeaa-
iui eie eiaeeaeaeoaeueiui ?aaeiiaeueiui noaaeai ia ethaua naa?oi?e-
aueueiua oiaa?u. ?ano?n iiiieiaiey aeioiaeia athaeaeaoia oa??eoi?ee ca
n/ao aeoeeciuo nai?ia naaiaeiy yaii iaaeiioeaieaaaony. A oi aea a?aiy
i?e aai oiaeii eniieueciaaiee aeieth aeoeecia a aeioiaeao athaeaeaoa
iiaeii
iiauneoue aieaa /ai a aeaia.
*ai aieueoa aeioiaeia aeeoioee?oaony ia aeaiiie oa??eoi?ee, oai
aieueoeie aiciiaeiinoyie iia aeieaeia ?aniieaaaoue aeey eo eniieueciaa-
iey ia nianoaaiiua ioaeaeu. Aaaeii iiiyoue, /oi a ?innee, eae e a
auaoai NNN?, ?aaeiiaeueiia eaeaeeaai/anoai iiaeao a eiia/iii n/aoa
i?eaanoe e ?aniaaeo aaeeiiai ainoaea?noaa. Iiaeii auaeaeeoue e noi?io-
ee?iaaoue neaaeothuea i?eioeeiu yooaeoeaiiai ?acaeaeaiey athaeaeaoa
ii
aeioiaeai e ?anoiaeai.
1. Aeioiaeu oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa oeaeaniia?acii
i?eaioe?iaaoue
i?aeiouanoaaiii ia einaaiiua (eioeyoeeiiiua) iaeiae, aeioiaeu athaeaea-
oia oa??eoi?ee – ia i?yiua iaeiae. A yoii neo/aa oaaea?aeueiua i?-
aaiu, i?iaiaeyuea ?aoi?iu, a eeoea ?aaeiiia iieo/atho aeinoaoi/ii
neeueiuo nithcieeia a inouanoaeaiee aioeeioeyoeeiiiie iieeoeee.
2. Ia?a/aiue iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee oa??eoi?eyi e oaaea?aeueiui
i?aaiai aeieaeai iaania/eaaoue aeinoaoi/ioth noaaeeueiinoue aeioiaeia
athae-
aeaoia ioiineoaeueii o?iaiae yeiiiie/aneie aeoeaiinoe e eioeyoeee.
3. I?e oi?ioee?iaaiee aeioiaeiie /anoe ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaea-
oa aeieaeai auoue iaeneiaeueii niaethaeai i?eioeei ?aaainoaa noauaeoia
Oaaea?aoeee a athaeaeaoii-iaeiaiaii ioiioaiee. ?acee/iiai ?iaea i?ei?e-
oaou, eueaiou e aeene?eieiaoeey iaaeiionoeiu.
4. ?acaeaeaiea aeioiaeia iaaeaeo athaeaeaoaie neaaeoao
inouanoaeyoue a
no?iaii niioaaonoaee n ?aca?aie/aieai iauaeoia ?anoiaeia. I?e yoii
ii?aaaeaii iaeneiaeueii i?eaeeceoue ?anoiaeu e oie aaeieieno?aoea-
ii-oa??eoi?eaeueiie aaeeieoea, a eioa?anao eioi?ie iie inouanoaeytho-
ny, /oi iicaieeo eo/oa oaycaoue eioa?anu oao, eoi aiineo iaeiae,
oao, eoi iieuecoaony aeaaiaea?y ei n?aaenoaaie, e oao, eoi i?eieiaao
?aoaiey ii ?ani?aaeaeaieth oeiainiai-athaeaeaoiuo ?ano?nia.
5. Yooaeoeaiia ?acaeaeaiea athaeaeaoia aace?oaony ia i?eioeeia
niioaaonoaey iaaeaeo ?anoiaeaie ia ?acaeoea, ?anoiaeaie “?aioiiai oa-
?aeoa?a”, “aacaica?aoiuie” ?anoiaeaie (ia nioeeaeueiua i?ia?aiiu) e
a?oiiaie iaeiaia, auiieiythueo noeioee?othuea ooieoeee (iaeia ia
i?eaueue), ?aioiua (ieaoaaee ca i?e?iaeiua ?ano?nu) e nianoaaiii
oeneaeueiua ooieoeee (iiaeioiaeiue iaeia).
6. A oi aea a?aiy iaeiei ec iniiaiuo i?eioeeiia ?acaeaeaiey aei-
oiaeia e ?anoiaeia yaeyaony i?eioeei noaneaeea?iinoe, niaeanii eioi-
?iio i?eiyoea ?aoaiee e ?anoiaeu inouanoaeythony iaeaieaa eiiia-
oaioiie einoaioeeae. Anee i?iaeaia eo/oa ?aoaaony a ?aaeiiao, oi
niioaaonoaothuea ?anoiaeu ia?aaeathony ei. A i?ioeaiii neo/aao ?aoa-
iey i?eieiathony oaaea?aeueiuie i?aaiaie.
7. E?aeia aaaeii a i?ioeanna ?acaeaeaiey athaeaeaoia naanoe e ie-
ieioio ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiuo ?ano?nia eae ia oaaea-
?aeueiii, oae e ia ?anioaeeeaineii, iaeanoiii, e?aaaii o?iaiyo.
Yoi iicaieeo yooaeoeaiaa ?aca?aie/eoue aeanoiua iieiiii/ey iaaeaeo
oaaea?aeueiuie i?aaiaie, ?aaeiiaeueiuie yeeoaie e ioieoeeiaeeoaoaie.
8. I?e ?acaeaeaiee aeieaeii auoue niaethaeaii aaeeinoai iaei-
aia-athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu e ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca aa eniieiaiea. ?aaei-
iai neaaeoao i?aaeinoaaeoue naiinoiyoaeueiinoue a ii?aaeaeaiee iaeiaia
e nai?ia a i?aaeaeao auaeaeaiiie eiiiaoaioeee e nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/an-
eie ioaaonoaaiiinoe.
I?e ?aaeecaoeee aeaiiiai i?eioeeia aieueoia cia/aiea eiatho ?ac-
?aaioea e oi?ie?iaaiea yooaeoeaiuo iaoaieciia ?acaeaeaiey ioaaon-
oaaiiinoe ca ia?acothueeny aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiuie
i?-
aaiaie e ?aaeiiaie. ?aaeiiu iaiin?aaenoaaiii aeeytho ia ?acia? aea-
oeoeeoa eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ii iaiueoae ia?a aeaaaeaeu.
Ia?aue
?ac, eiaaea i?e oi?ie?iaaiee ?anoiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoa caauoatho naie
iio?aaiinoe, iainiiauaay aaee/eio o?aaoaiuo noaaaioeee. Aoi?ie
?ac, eiaaea, eniieiyy athaeaeao, aiiaee?otho e oeaio?aeueiui i?aaiai ia
oii iniiaaiee, /oi aneaaenoaea eioeyoeee oaeoe/aneea ?anoiaeu caiao-
ii i?aauneee caieaie?iaaiiue o?iaaiue. Iniaay neooaoeey nicaeaaony,
anee ?aaeiiu i?inoi ia?anoatho ia?a/eneyoue iaeiae a oaaea?aeueiue
athaeaeao.
A nayce n yoei e?aeia aaaeii oaa?aei i?eaea?aeeaaoueny neaaeothuaai
i?aaeea, eioi?ia ioaeii caeiiiaeaoaeueii cae?aieoue. Anee a ?aaeiia a
i?ioeanna eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa ia?aciaaeny aai aeaoeoeeo e nia?aiiui
ii aaeeiie noaia ?acaeaeaiey athaeaeaoiui aeioiaeai oa??eoi?ee, i?aauoa-
thuee aaee/eio, eioi?ay niioaaonoaoao 8% aeaoeoeeoa eiinieeaee?iaai-
iiai athaeaeaoa e ?inneeneiio AAI,- ?aaeii iaycai ia?a/eneeoue a oa-
aea?aeueiue athaeaeao aeiiieieoaeueiua n?aaenoaa a ?acia?a aaee/eiu
i?a-
auoaiey. A neo/aa ioeaca eee i?einoaiiaeaiey ia?a/eneaiee iaeiai-
auo ieaoaaeae a oeaio?, ia oeacaiioth aaee/eio “iaaeieiie” aaoiiaoe-
/anee nie?auathony ?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaoiua e?aaeeou e n?aaenoaa oe-
iainiaie iiaeaea?aeee ?aaeiia, a anee oeacaiiie ia?u iaaeinoaoi/ii,
ei??aeoe?othony e niioaaonoaothuea ?aaeiiaeueiua eaiou eeieoia e?a-
aeeoiaaiey Oeaio?aeueiui aaieii ?innee. I?e yoii a ethaii neo/aa ia-
?acothuayny aaee/eia iaieaoaaeae ioi?ieyaony Ieioeiii ?O eae e?aaeeo
ii aeaenoaothuae noaaea OeA?.
Iiaeiaiua iaoaieciu ?aaoee?iaaiey aeaoeoeeoa ?inneeneiai athaeaea-
oa aeieaeiu canoaaeoue ?aaeiiu aieaa ouaoaeueii iiaeoiaeeoue e naiei
?anoiaeai.
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