Ieienoa?noai ia?aciaaiey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
Aaeai?iaeneee Ainoaea?noaaiiue Oieaa?neoao
Eaoaae?a ioa/anoaaiiie enoi?ee e iieeoieiaee
?aoa?ao
*A*Iss, EAE ?ANNAAeIEE IAAEAeOIA?IAeIIAI OA??I?ECIA
Iiaeaioiaee:
nooaeaio 1 eo?na yeiiiie/aneiai o-oa
a?oiiu 1012-A
Ioeyaa ?.N.
I?iaa?ee:
aeioeaio
*o?eei A.I.
Aaeai?iae 2004
NIAeA?AEAIEA:
Anooieaiea (?acaycuaaiea eiioeeeoa) 3
Aeaaa 1 «Aeiaaeecaoeey oa??i?a» 5
Aeaaa 2 «Iiniaieee oa??i?enoia»
8
Aeaaa 3 «Enoi/ieee oeiaine?iaaiey» 14
Caeeth/aiea
18
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u 20
Anooieaiea
(?acaycuaaiea eiioeeeoa).
Ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue i?iaeaia ai?ueau n oa??i?eciii caieiaao aaeaa ee
ia ia?aia ianoi. Eiio eae ia ?inneyiai ioaeii caaeoiaoueny i i?iaeaia
oa??i?ecia e i /a/aineie i?iaeaia? Ca eaeea -oi ianeieueei eao ie?iay
*a/iy i?aa?aoeeanue a ianoiyuee ?annaaeiee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai oa??i?ecia.
Eae aea oae iieo/eeinue, /oi iaueiiaaiiay ?inneeneay ?anioaeeea noaea
aieueiie oaiie aeey anae iaoae no?aiu? Iiiaea naycuaatho yoi n i?eoiaeii
e aeanoe iinea ?aniaaea NNN? aaia?aea AAN Aeaeioa?a Aeoaeaaaa.
Aaconeiaii, i?e oaeii i?aaeoaee io ?anioaeeee iiaeii auei iaeeaeaoue
/aai oaiaeii, ii ia oieueei aea a Aeoaeaaaa aeaei. Iinea ?aniaaea
niaaoneiai nithca ia aai oa??eoi?ee neiaeeeanue i/aiue iai?yaeaiiay
ianoaiiaea, e?iia oiai, naie aeeaae aianee e nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea
ia?aiaiu. Iniaia aeeyiea ia neooaoeeth a *a/ia nua?aei ?aceia iaaeaiea
aaoi?eoaoa ?innee ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiie a?aia, a oae aea i?ecua ia?aiai
i?aceaeaioa ?innee Ai?ena Aeueoeeia a?aoue noaa?aieoaoa noieueei
neieueei oianaoa. A 1992-1993 aiaeao ia oaeaaeceiiiuo ye?aiao aeiaieueii
/anoi iaeueeaee ei oi?iaoeeiiiua nthaeaoa ec *a/ie , ia iaei aiai?eeinue
i neooaoeee a ?anioaeeea e ia no?aieoeao aacao e aeo?iaeia . I /ai
oieueei ia ienaee aeo?iaeenou , iieeoieiae , yeiiiienou , iauanoaaiiua e
iieeoe/aneea aeayoaee. Caeanue auee ?annoaeaeaiey e i acaeiiioiioaieyo
?innee e *a/ie a iiauo oneiaeyo , e i aiciiaeiie ano?a/a A .Aeueoeeia n
Aeaeioa?ii Aeoaeaaaui , e i oii , eae iiaue eeaea? E/ea?ee iaono?aeaaao
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneoth aeeciue a ?anioaeeea , e i «o?aonioeaoiae»
aieia ?onneeo n /a/aioeaie . Ii ia enoeiiii iieiaeaiee aeae a *a/ia
aiai?eeinue iaei eee aiiaua ia aiai?eeinue. Neeaaeuaaeinue aia/aoeaiea ,
/oi *a/iy iaei eiai eioa?aniaaea. Aeaaea a ioeoeeaeueiuo aunooieaieyo
?oeiaiaeeoaeae E?aiey yoa oaia cao?aaeaaeanue eae au aneieuecue, a
eiioaenoa iaueo niauoee ia Naaa?iii Eaaeaca. A oai a?aiaiai ianoaiiaea a
?anioaeeea iinoaiaiii iaeaeyeanue. I/aiue /anouie noaee aunooieaiey
/a/aineeo «iaoeeiiae-iao?eioia» i?ioea ?onneeo. Ii yoi auei ia
ioeoeeaeueii. Ec ono I?aceaeaioa Aeoaeaaaa iinoiyiii cao/aee neiaa i oii
,/oi ana aeeoaee *a/ie , ia caaeneii io eo iaoeeiiaeueiinoe ?aaiu. Ia
naiii aea aeaea aeaea ianoiyee ai?acaei ooaea. Eaey ia iianaianoiue
?acaie, a 1992 aiaeo ,/a/aioeu aua ooeo?yeenue i?aaeoi?aaeaeaoue i iai
naie aea?oau. E aeaaea ia?auaeenue e iei ia «au» , e iai?aaeyee caienee
n oa?icaie a aae?an ?onneeo, iai?eia?: «Iu ca aaie neaaeei, ciaai aaoa
?anienaiea. Aeaai aai 20 aeiae. Anee au ia oaa?aoanue ca yoio n?ie, oi
au iieieieee.» Yoi auee aua iyaeea oa?icu, ii n?aaiaieth n oai ,/oi
ia/aeinue iicaea. Eaoii aea 1992 aiaea, ia oyniea aei eiioea nooue
i?ienoiaeyuaai, ethaee aua ii iaeaiinoe ia?auaeenue e oaiioiei aeanoyi ,
i?ineee caueou io aani?aaeaea aaiaeeoia. Ii naaaeaieyi , nia?aiiui
i?aaenoaaeoaeyie ?onneiycu/iiai ianaeaiey A?iciiai, oieueei a 1992-1993
aiaeao *a/ith ii ?aciui i?e/eiai, ii a iniiaiii ec-ca oaioaaea e oa?ic
iieeioee ieiei 45 ouny/ ?onneeo. Ia neaaeothuee aiae yoa oeeo?a
oaaee/eeanue aaeaia. A neieueei iiaeaei i?aaenoaaeoaeae ?aciuo
iaoeeiiaeueiinoae ca ianeieueei eao e?iaaaiai aaiaeeoneiai ?aaeeia,
iaaa?iia, ia iiaen/eoaao oaea ieeoi. A 1991-1994 aiaeao Aeoaeaaa
any/anee iiaeaaeye ethaia ainnoaiea ni noi?iiu «iiiiceoeee», eae
ie?anoeee aa iiiaea aeo?iaeenou. Ia naiii aeaea i?ienoiaeeee
iaaeoaeiiaua ?acai?ee, eioi?ua i?eia?aee ianniaue oa?aeoa?. A ?anioaeeea
oaeoe/anee oea naiay ianoiyuay a?aaeaeaineay aieia. Iaei eoi ciaao, ai
anyeii neo/aa a n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee ia yoii aeaaea ia
oiiieiaeinue, /oi aeoaeaaaoeu a 1992 aiaeo niaa?oeee e?oiiiianooaaiue
?aeae a O?on-Ia?oai. A ?acoeueoaoa e?iaaaie ?acai?ee iiaeaei ieiei 500
ie a /ai ia iiaeiiuo ethaeae, n?aaee ieo auee e ?onneea. A 1993 aiaeo ia
iaeiie ec ieiuaaeae A?iciiai ec a?oeeea?eeneeo i?oaeee ?anno?aeyee
ianeieueei nioai /aeiaae. A?iciaineea ii?ae auee caaaeaiu o?oiiaie.
Ai?ianoai e a?aaaae noaee ii?iie aeecie a ?anioaeeea. Ia c?y aea
/a/aioeu eae iiioey?iue aoi?eci i?ieciineee o?aco naiaai ia?aiai
i?aceaeaioa: «Ia oi/aoue ai?iaaoue- oa?ie». Iiyoiio ai?iaaee iiiai e
ioioii. O eaaeaeie aaiaeu auea naiy noa?a aeeyiey. E i?eia?o,
iaaacucaanoiue Naeiai ?aaeoaa (iieiaiiue /a?ac ianeieueei eao
oaaea?aeueiuie aieneaie) n iiiiuueth ee/iie «aaa?aeee» ia?aui aaae
iiaeo ia a?aaaaee i?ioiaeeaoeo /a?ac Aoaea?ian a Aeaaanoai e
Aca?aaeaeaeai aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo ninoaaia. Auaoee ai?-?aoeeaeeaeno
?oneai Aaeaaa, auno?i neieioeaoee aaiaeo ec ioiouaiiuo Aeoaeaaaui ec
oth?ai ia naiaiaeo oaieiaieeia, eiio?iee?iaae «eaaue» /a/aineee aaicei e
niey?eo. Aeoaeaaaoeu oiuoeaiii oie/oiaeaee ana, e?iia iaooaeiiieaena. Ei
ioaeia auea iaooue, ioaeiu auee aeaiueae, aeey oiai /oiau caeoiaoue
i?oaeea, aa?aiaaoue iaaiieeia, eioi?ua ia/aee i?eauaaoue a *a/ith oaea a
ia/aea 1994 aiaea.
AEAAA 1 «AEIAAEECAOeEss OA??I?A»
Oa??i?enoe/aneay aieia — aieia aac i?aaee — ii naiae i?e?iaea ieacaeanue
eiie. Yoi aieia aac /aoeie eeiee o?iioa e ouea, aeanoieay e
aan/aeiaa/iay, iioiio /oi aeaaiue oaea? i?ioeaiee iaiineo ii ie?iiio
ianaeaieth.
«Oa??i?» a ia?aaiaea n eaoeineiai ycuea icia/aao no?ao, oaean. Aai
nooue ynia — yoi iaiiaaiiia aeinoeaeaiea ii?aaeaeaiiie oeaee, /aua anaai
eiathuae iieeoe/aneee oa?aeoa?, iooai ono?aoaiey e aeaii?aeecaoeee
i?ioeainoiyuae noi?iiu. Aeey caioaeaaiey eniieuecothony ioe?uoia ianeeea
eee oa?ica aai i?eiaiaiey. Oi anoue ie yoe/aneeo, ie ii?aeueiuo a?aieoe
o oa??i?ecia iao. Aoaeo/e e?aeiae oi?iie au?aaeaiey nioeeaeueiiai,
yoie/aneiai, ?aeeaeiciiai ?aaeeeaeecia, ii ia neeiiai inoaiaaeeaaoueny
ie ia?aae /ai aeey aeinoeaeaiey naieo oeaeae. Iaiai?io, /oiau
iaeneiaeueii i?eaea/ue e naaa aieiaiea, iinayoue iaieeo n?aaee
ianaeaiey, oa??i?enou ia?aueaatho ianooaau e aea?cinoue naieo aeoeee,
no?aiyony oaaee/eoue eiee/anoai aea?oa. I?e yoii aeey ieo aaaeia
iieacaoaeueiay, ioaee/iay noi?iia ianeeey. Aio ii/aio nia?aiaiiia
iaaeaeoia?iaeiia i?aai ii?aaeaeyao oa??i?eci eae i?eiaiaiea
iaainoaea?noaaiiiai ianeeey eee oa?icu ianeeey n oeaeueth iinayoue
iaieeo a iauanoaa, ineaaeoue eee naa?aiooue aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe e
aucaaoue iieeoe/aneea eciaiaiey.
10 iiya?y 1979 aiaea a Aa?iiaeneie eiiaaioeee i ai?ueaa n oa??i?eciii
aia?aua auee iacaaiu i?anooieaiey, eioi?ua eaaeeoeoee?iaaeenue a
oaieiaiii
i?aaa eae «oa??i?enoe/aneea». Nthaea aioee: oaiiu naiieaoia, iaiaaeaiey
ia iinieuenoaa, caoaao caeiaeieeia, iioeuaiea e ana oaieiaii iaeacoaiua
aeayiey n i?eiaiaieai aaoiiaoe/aneiai no?aeeiaiai i?oaeey, ac?uaiuo
ono?ienoa. Ana auoaia?a/eneaiiia einioeinue e ?innee. Ia naaiaeiyoiee
aeaiue nouanoaotho aeanyoee iaaeainoaea?noaaiiuo niaeaoaiee, i?ecaaiiuo
i?anaeaoue ?acee/iua oi?iu oa??i?ecia. E?iia oiai, i?ioae oeaeue ?yae
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo eiioa?aioeee ii yoie i?iaeaia. Oaeay
iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaay aeoeaiinoue eiaao aaneea iniiaaiey. Aaaeue
oieueei ca iineaaeiea 10 eao a ie?a niaa?oaii ieiei 7 ouny/ aeoia
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai oa??i?ecia, io eioi?uo iino?aaeaei aieaa 11 ouny/
/aeiaae, a ainoaea?noaai, aaea yoe aeou auee inouanoaeaiu, iaianai
aieueoie iaoa?eaeueiue e ii?aeueiue oua?a.
Naaiaeiy n oa??i?enoaie aaaeoony oaea aieiu, e *a/iy — eeoue iaeei ec
i?eia?ia oaeie aieiu. Oa??i?eci ianooiaao, aai ianooieaiea iaeuecy
iacaaoue noeoeeiui, iii eaeao i?aaieciaaiii, niei/aiii,
eioa?iaoeeiiaeueii. Oa?aeoaie a NOA 11 naioya?y 2001 aiaea anaie?iia cei
yaeei ie?o naia iiaia iaee/uea: a aeeciue ieaiaou aioae noia?oa??i?eci ,
eniieuecothuee aeaaiia aeinoeaeaiea /aeiaa/anoaa — eioi?iaoecaoeeth.
I?iaaaeaiea aea inaiueth 2002 aiaea e aaniie-eaoii 2003 aiaea oeaeie
na?ee aeoeee a ?acee/iuo ?aeiiao ie?a ii aaeeiiio caiuneo e i?aeoe/anee
iaeiia?aiaiii naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i iiyaeaiee oaeie oi?iu oa??i?enoe/aneeo
aeaenoaee, eae oa??i?enoe/aneay iia?aoeey aeiaaeueiiai ?aciaoa.
Ia nae?ao, /oi aieueoeinoai iuiaoieo oa??i?enoe/aneeo niiauanoa auee
nicaeaiu a naia a?aiy niaoeneoaeaaie Niaaoneiai Nithca, Niaaeeiaiiuo
Ooaoia Aia?eee, Aaeeeia?eoaiee e O?aioeee. Iinea ieii/aiey «oieiaeiie
aieiu» yoe i?aaiecaoeee, noaa naiinoiyoaeueiuie, iaeaaeeee naie eaiaeu
oeiaine?iaaiey, aeieaia a?aiy inoaaaaoeany iaeiio?iee?oaiuie.
Iuiaoiaa ianooieaiea oa??i?ecia a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie naycaii n
i?ienoiaeyuei a ie?a i?ioeannii aeiaaeecaoeee e aai iineaaenoaeyie —
?aceie aeeooa?aioeeaoeeae ainoaea?noa ia i/aiue aaaeiua e i/aiue
aiaaoua, iioieaie iaeiio?iee?oaiie iea?aoeee, oaaee/eaathueiny
nioeeaeueiui ?anneiaieai, ?inoii iaoeeiiaeueiiai naiiniciaiey,
?aeeaeiciui yeno?aieciii. Naaiaeiy a ie?a aieaa 1 ieeeea?aea /aeiaae
aeeaoo a iieiie ieuaoa, e eo /enei i?iaeieaeaao oaaee/eaaoueny. N?aaea
iaacaeieaiiuo ethaeae iiiieiyaony ca n/ao iea?aioia. A eiia/iii n/aoa a
cia/eoaeueiie ia?a ec aa i?aaenoaaeoaeae e ?ae?ooe?othony oa??i?enou.
?anoao e /enei cii ianoaaeeueiinoe, yaeythueony ieoaoaeueiie n?aaeie
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai oa??i?ecia. A ieo oanii ia?aieaoathony eioa?anu
o?ainiaoeeiiaeueiuo e?eieiaeueiuo no?oeoo? e oa??i?enoe/aneeo
a?oiie?iaie. Iaeiie ec ieo noae naaiaeiy Eaaeac.
?inney ia?aie ia/aea e, ii nooe, aei naioya?ueneeo niauoee 2001 aiaea a
NOA a iaeeii/eo aaea aieio n iaaeaeoia?iaeiui oa??i?eciii. I?e/ai n
i?iaeaiie oa??i?ecia iu noieeioeenue ioiineoaeueii iaaeaaii. ?aniaae
Niaaoneiai Nithca e, eae neaaenoaea, ?ac?ooaiea nenoaiu
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia, iaino?aiea iieeoe/aneeo, nioeeaeueiuo,
iaoeeiiaeueiuo e ?aeeaeiciuo i?ioeai?a/ee (iniaaiii ia Eaaeaca),
aicieeiiaaiea caeanue iaeaaaeueiiai ?uiea i?oaeey — ana yoi i?eaaei e
no?aieoaeueiiio ?inoo i?anooiiinoe, a caoai e ?acaoeo oa??i?ecia. Iaaei
neacaoue, /oi enoi?ey ?innee ia Eaaeaca ai ana yiioe auea ianuuaia
aii?oaeaiiuie eiioeeeoaie,e i?ieeoay caeanue aieueoay e?iaue auea
naycaia n ia?aaeaeii noa? aeeyiey neeueiaeoeie ie?a naai. Oae auei e a
oiaea Eaaeacneie aieiu XIX aaea. Ai a?aiy iaeiiai ec aaaeiaeoeo
n?aaeaiee Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu a XX aaea — aeoau ca Eaaeac —
oaoenoneay Aa?iaiey no?aieeanue ?aoeoue ia oieueei aiaiiua caaea/e. Iia
anaie neeaie ?aaeanue e eanieeneie iaooe. Oau, a eiioea i?ioeiai e
ia/aea iuiaoiaai noieaoey enoi?ey iiaoi?eeanue: aeeyoaeueiua e?oae
ioaeaeueiuo no?ai IAOI e naaiaeiy i?aneaaeotho oo aea oeaeue.
Aei 1991 aiaea niaaoneea ?anioaeeee Eanieeneiai aannaeia —
Aca?aaeaeaeai, Eacaonoai, Oo?eiaiey e ?inney — ia eiaee i?aaa aanoe
naiinoiyoaeueioth aiaoiayeiiiie/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue. ?aniaae NNN?
ei?aiiui ia?acii eciaiee neooaoeeth. Ia ia?aciaaiea a Eanieeneii ?aaeiia
iiauo iacaaeneiuo ainoaea?noa auno?i «n?aaae?iaaee» iiiaea no?aiu
Aa?iiu, NOA e ssiiiey, ia aiai?y i aeeaeieo ninaaeyo. Ana iie, eaaeaeay
a ia?o aiciiaeiinoae e a niioaaonoaee ni naieie aiaoiaiieeoe/aneeie
i?ei?eoaoaie, i?aaei?eiyee ?acee/iua oaae, /oiau aeiaeoueny iieeoe/aneeo
i?aeiouanoa a ?aaeiia. Aio e noaee ne?uoi io?aaaouaaoue caeanue
nia?aiaiiua oaoiieiaee oi?aaeyaiuo iia?aie/iuo aii?oaeaiiuo eiioeeeoia,
oeaeueth eioi?uo auei eae yeiiiie/aneia ineaaeaiea ?innee, oae e
ineaaeaiea aa iieeoe/aneiai aeeyiey a ?aaeiia. A?oaua iieeoe/aneea
neaiaeaeu e «oeoea» i?iaieaoeee iiaoaeaeaee ianoiuo aeeoaeae aniiiieoue
naie iaoeeiiaeueiua e ?aeeaeiciua iaeaeu. I?ienoiaeeaoea a Caeaaeacuea
aua a niaaoneea a?aiaia a?iyii-aca?aaeaeaeaineea aii?oaeaiiua
noieeiiaaiey aeiiieieeenue aiaiiuie eiioeeeoaie a THaeiie Inaoee,
Aaoacee, e?iaii?ieeoiie ai?ueaie ca aeanoue a A?ocee. Aeoeaece?iaaeanue
ia Eaaeaca aeayoaeueiinoue ca?oaaaeiuo yeno?aienoneeo eneaienoneeo
i?aaiecaoeee, iniaaiii aaooaaeoia, i?eaa?aeaioeaa e?aeia ?aaeoeeiiiiai,
aa?anneaiiai e?uea ionoeueiaineiai ?aaeeeaeecia. Eae ?acoeueoao, ia
Naaa?iii Eaaeaca aicieeea ?aaeueiay oa?ica ia/aea a?aaeaeaineie aieiu e,
eae neaaenoaea, — e?iaaaiai ?aniaaea ?innee.
Iaeaieaa ianoaaeeueiay ianoaiiaea neiaeeeanue a *a/ia. Nicaeaiea
oaeoe/anee iacaaeneiie io aeeyiey ?innee «?anioaeeee E/ea?ey» ?acaycaei
?oee /a/aineei naia?aoenoai, oneeeeinue eo eaeaieiae/aneia aicaeaenoaea
e neeiaia aeaaeaiea ia oieueei ia nii?aaeaeueiua ?anioaeeee, ii e ia
aanue ?aaeii a oeaeii. Iioeuaiey ethaeae, caoaao caeiaeieeia, oaiiu
naiieaoia, ac?uau ia aeaeaciuo aei?iaao, a iauanoaaiiuo ianoao, aeou
ianeeey a yoiieiioanneiiaeueiuo eiioeeeoao, i?yiua oa?icu ?ani?aau e eo
?aaeecaoeey a oiaea iieeoe/aneie ai?ueau, oece/aneia ono?aiaiea
iieeoe/aneeo niia?ieeia, iieooaiey ia i?aaenoaaeoaeae ?acee/iuo aaoaae
aeanoe ia Naaa?iii Eaaeaca noaee aeey ?inneyi i?eau/iuie yaeaieyie.
*a/iy i?aa?aoeeanue a aeaaiue enoi/iee eiioeeeoia ia iaoeeiiaeueiie
ii/aa e ?annaaeiee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai oa??i?ecia.
AEAAA 2 «IINIAIEEE OA??I?ENOIA»
Ca ia?eiae aaaeaiey eiio?oa??i?enoe/aneie iia?aoeee oaaea?aeueiua neeu
oie/oiaeeee a *a/ia aieaa 500 aaiaeeoia, eiathueo a?aaeaeainoai a?aaneeo
ainoaea?noa. Iie ia ethayo, eiaaea eo oa?aeoa?ecotho eae iaaiieeia.
Ca/anooth iie i?ee?uaathony eicoiaaie i «anaie?iii aeaeeoaaea», iiiiue
a?aoueyi-ionoeueiaiai, ai?thueiny «ca iacaaeneiinoue E/ea?ee», e o. i.
Eae aea ieacaeenue iaaiieee ia /anoe oa??eoi?ee noaa?aiiie ?innee?
…Iinea iiaeienaiey i?aaeaoaeueneeo oanaath?oneeo niaeaoaiee e auaiaea
?inneeneeo aiene n oa??eoi?ee *a/aineie ?anioaeeee e eiioeo 1996 aiaea
?ann/eouaaoue ia oniaoe a i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe eee
eaeia-oi iieeoe/aneia aeeyiea a *a/ia iiaeii auei, oieueei eiay ca niaie
?aaeueioth aiaiioth neeo. Iiyoiio iaeioi?ua ca?oaaaeiua ainoaea?noaa,
no?aiyueany ?aaeeciaaoue naie iieeoe/aneea e yeiiiie/aneea eioa?anu ia
Eaaeaca, ieacaeenue caeioa?aniaaiu a «naieo» eeaea?ao ianoiuo iacaeiiiuo
aii?oaeaiiuo oi?ie?iaaiee. Aeaiaaeiua aeeaaiey ec-ca ?oaaaea ai iiiaii
iaania/eee aeaeueiaeoaa nouanoaiaaiea aaiaeoi?ie?iaaiee. Eae ecaanoii,
aieueoeinoai ec ieo nicaeaaaeinue ia oaeiiaie, ?aaea — oa??eoi?eaeueiie
iniiaa. Eneeth/aieai noaee eeoue io?yaeu aaooaaeoia, einoye eioi?uo
ninoaaeyee eiino?aioeu, a iniiaiii — a?aau, i?iieeioaoea a *a/ith iinea
?acaaea auaoaai NNN? /a?ac ia io?aiyaiua oiaaea a?aieoeu n A?oceae e
Aca?aaeaeaeaiii. Iaeaieaa ecaanoiui io?yaeii eiino?aiiuo iaaiieeia,
aeoeaii aeaenoaiaaaoei ai a?aiy ia?aie eaiiaiee, aue aaoaeueii «Oaoo»,
oeiiieaeoiaaiiue o?iaeaioeaie Oo?oeee, Ei?aeaiee, Eeaaia e ae?oaeo
ainoaea?noa. Eiaaea ia?aay /a/aineay eaiiaiey caaa?oeeanue, iie ia
oi?iieeenue aa?iooueny a ?iaeiua e?ay, a aeeth/eeenue a e?eieiaeueioth
aeeciue iyoaaeiie ?anioaeeee. Noaaoee aiaeaeii yoeo iaaiieeia Oaooaa a
nithca n a?aoueyie Oaieeai (ca aieiao eioi?iai ?inneeneea aeanoe
iaauatho ia iaeia aiciia?aaeaeaiea) e Oe?aaie Aanaaauie aeinoea
iaeaieueoaai aeeyiey a *a/ia. Ae?oaea eeaea?u e?oiiuo IAO, oaeea, eae ?.
Aaeaaa e A. Aa?aaa, auioaeaeaiu auee n iei n/eoaoueny. Io?yaeu Oaooaaa —
Aanaaaa iinoiyiii iiiieiyeenue iiauie aiaaeeaie. Ii o?iaith naiae
iiaeaioiaee e iniauaieth iie auee aeecee e a?iaeneei iiae?acaeaeaieyi,
niiniaiui ia oieueei i?iaiaeeoue oa??i?enoe/aneea aeou e aanoe
ia?oecaineoth aieio, ii e caoaaouaaoue e oaea?aeeaaoue ninaaeiea
oa??eoi?ee. I?ioanneiiaeueiuo aieoeia aeeyyoeo io?yaeia aioiaeea oi?ioi
iniauaiiay e ?acaaoaeaiiay naoue aac e eaaa?ae, i?aaieciaaiiay ia
oa??eoi?ee E/ea?ee a ia?eiae iaaeaeo aeaoiy aiaiiuie eaiiaieyie. Ii
eioi?iaoeee ec ?acee/iuo enoi/ieeia, /a?ac o/aaiua eaaa?y Oaooaaa i?ioee
ia iaiaa 7—8 ouny/ «eo?naioia».
Ni?aaaaeeeainoe ?aaee iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi ia oieueei a?aau ieacuaaee
iiaeaea?aeeo /a/aineei IAO. Ia oa??eoi?ee E/ea?ee a 1996—1998 aiaeao
auee ?acaa?ioou oaeaea iyoue oeaio?ia ?aaeei?acaaaeee, /ae ia?niiae
ninoiye ec a?aaeaeai NOA e Aaeeeia?eoaiee. Iinea ia/aea aoi?ie /a/aineie
eaiiaiee ii ia?a i?iaeaeaeaiey oaaea?aeueiuo aiene niaoeeaeenou oeaio?ia
?acae?aee iai?oaeiaaiea e ia?aiineee aai a ai?u. Ia?aaiae/eee
iiae?acaeaeaiee ?aaeeiyeaeo?iiiie ai?ueau ia ?ac neuoaee, eae ia?aaiai?u
ia noi?iia iai?eyoaey aaeenue ia aiaeeeneii ycuea n /enoi a?eoaineei e
aia?eeaineei i?ieciioaieyie. Eeaea?u aiaaeeia eiaee aeinooi aeaaea e
aeaiiui einie/aneie ?acaaaeee IAOI. Aea e aeieoiaiou, iaeaeaiiua o
aaiaeeoia, oie/oiaeaiiuo oaaea?aeaie a oiaea aiaauo aeaenoaee ai a?aiy
aoi?ie /a/aineie eaiiaiee, naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i oii, /oi n?aaee
iaaiieeia ano?a/aeenue e iiiuia i?iaeieaeatho ano?a/aoueny iiaeaeaiiua
caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneeo ainoaea?noa. A a ia?aie /a/aineie eaiiaiee i?e
aaaeaiee aiaauo aeaenoaee n?aaee i?ioeainoiyueo oaaea?aeai aiaaeeia auee
caia/aiu neaayia n Oe?aeiu» ec oi?ie?iaaiey oe?aeineeo iaoeeiiaeenoia
OIA-OINI. Iaeaieaa e?oiiui eo aiaaui «naa?oaieai» noaei o/anoea a
iai?iia Aaiooa .Iaeiaei naia?aoenou ioiineeenue e oe?aeineei iaaiieeai n
ieioi ne?uaaaiui i?ac?aieai, n/eoay eo i?iaei?eeauie e eaieauie
«eiiaa?oeaie». Ii «e/ea?eeneie» oeaea oeaiiinoae oa iaoiaeeeenue ia
i?aaeiineaaeiae nooiaiueea, iia?aaeay eeoue i?aaeaoaeae-?onneeo,
i?eiyaoeo eneai e aiaaaaoeo ia noi?iia naia?aoenoia. Iiiaea ec
oe?aeineeo iaaiieeia iiaeaee a aiyo eee auee ?aiaiu. Ii ia?aaeei, aianoi
oiai /oiau ?anieaoeoueny n «nieaeaoaie oaea/e» ec OIA-OINI, eo i?inoi
i?iaeaaaee a ?aanoai. Oae /oi aa?aiaaoue iiauo iaaiieeia ec Oe?aeiu
anei?a noaei neiaeii. Oai ia iaiaa ano?a/aeenue iie oai e ai aoi?oth
eaiiaieth.
Neiaii, i?e i?iaaaeaiee eiio?oa??i?enoe/aneie iia?aoeee ia oa??eoi?ee
*a/ie ?inneeneea aienea aeaenoaeoaeueii noieeioeenue n oa??i?eciii
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie ie?anee. Ii ioeaieai eiiaiaeiaaiey Iauaaeeiaiiie
a?oiie?iaee aiene (IAA), n?aaee aeoeaiuo /a/aineeo aaiaeoi?ie?iaaiee,
/ueae yiaeaiie noae aiee («ai?c»), aieaa 40 i?ioeaioia ninoaaeytho
iaaiieee.Ii ia oieueei *a/iy ,a iiiaea no?aiu ie?a noaee naaiaeiy a?aiie
aeayoaeueiinoe aii?oaeaiiuo a?oiie?iaie, aunooiathueo iiae
aieinoaothueie eneaineeie eicoiaaie. Aiaeec niauoee, i?ienoiaeyueo iuia
iianaianoii, naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oii, /oi eneaineee yeno?aieci
eioa?iaoeeiiaeai. Iai?eia?, eiaaea aniuoioe aiaiiue eiioeeeo a
?anioaeeea Iaeaaeiiey, ieienoa?noai iai?iiu yoiai ainoaea?noaa
?ani?ino?aieei niiauaiea, /oi ia noi?iia aeaaioeaa aiththo eiino?aiiua
iaaiieee. Ai a?aiy aiaa ia aunioao o naeaiey Neoi/aia i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua
aienea aeaenoaeoaeueii oie/oiaeeee aieaa aeanyoea aiaaeeia, n?aaee
eioi?uo auei ianeieueei auoiaeoeaa ec *a/ie. Ia yoii naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaee
ee/iua aaue, iaeaaeaea e aeieoiaiou iiaeaoeo. Aea e naii ?acaeoea
niauoee a Iaeaaeiiee, ii iiaieth yenia?oia, i/aiue iaiiieiaei noeaia?ee
aiaauo aeaenoaee a Aeaaanoaia e *a/ia a 1999 aiaeo. A oaeoeea e iaoiaeu
aeoeee io?yaeia aeaaineeo aiaaeeia auee aiaeiae/iu aeoeeyi /a/aineeo
yeno?aienoia.
Eioi?iaoeey ia o/anoee /a/aineeo yeno?aienoia a aiaauo aeaenoaeyo ia
Aaeeaiao aeaaii iano?eo ia no?aieoeao iiiaeo ca?oaaaeiuo aacao. Aiaaeee
i?ioiaeeee aeiiieieoaeueioth iiaeaioiaeo ii ieiii -ac?uaiiio aeaeo e
iaiaaie iiaeaioiaea a eaaa?yo Iaieenneiai ouaeuey a A?ocee e
ia?ai?aaeyeenue a Oo?oeeth. Oaea ioooaea «iauanoaaiiua» yeno?aienoneea
ionoeueiaineea i?aaiecaoeee o?aiceoii ia?aa?anuaaee iaaiieeia a
Aeaaieth, aeaeaa — a Einiai e Iaeaaeiieth. Enoaoe, ianeieueei eao iacaae
a iaeiii ec ai?iuo ?aeiiia Ainiee e Aa?oeaaiaeiu auee i?aaieciaaiu aeaa
o/aaiuo eaaa?y, aaea iiaeaioiaeee ianeieueei io?yaeia aeey iiiiue
E/ea?ee. Iaeiei ec ia?auo a ?inneth ioi?aaeeenue 30 aiaaeeia ai aeaaa n
Aao Iaee, eiiaiaee?ii iiae?acaeaeaiey «Yeue-Iiaeaeaoaae»… Ia Aaeeaiu
ia?aa?anuaaeenue io?yaeu /a/aineeo aiaaeeia, a, a naith i/a?aaeue,
aeaaineea aiaaeee ia?ai?aaeyeenue ia oa??eoi?eth *a/ie.
Eae ecaanoii, iaiaei aoaaioeaa-iaaiieeia aiaaaei ia Naaa?iii Eaaeaca
i?ioea ?inneeneeo oaaea?aeueiuo aiene, a /a/aineea iaaiieee n?aaeaeenue
a Aoaaienoaia n aieneaie Naaa?iiai aeueyina e IAOI ia noi?iia oaeeaia.
N?aaee aeieoiaioia, iaeaeaiiuo a iaeiii ec aaiaeeoneeo oaeieeia a *a/ia,
ieacaeenue aoiaae, eanathueany iaiaaeaiey oa??i?enoia ia Aaoeiaoii e
Iueth-Ei?e 11 naioya?y 2001 aiaea. Naaiaeiy oaea noaei ecaanoii, /oi ca
oeaiueth yoeo niauoee noiyee e noiyo oa??i?enoe/aneea iauaaeeiaiey (a
ie?a eo ian/eouaaaony aieaa 500) iaiiaeiaea «Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
eneaineiai o?iioa aeaeeoaae i?ioea eoaeaaa e e?anoiiinoeaa» e aai
aiaiiiai e?uea — i?aaiecaoeee «Aeue-Eaeaea» iiae i?aaeaiaeeoaeuenoaii
Onaiu aai Eaaeaia.A naioya?a 2002 aiaea I?aceaeaio ?innee A.A. Iooei
i?aaeuyaee a?oceineiio ?oeiaiaenoao na?ueaciua iaaeiaiey. Ii oi?aeioe
aeanoe ninaaeiae no?aiu a iioai?noaa aaiaeai iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
oa??i?enoia e i?aaeoi?aaeee Yaeoa?aea Oaaa?aeiaaeca e Niaao aaciianiinoe
III i oii, /oi ?inneeneay Oaaea?aoeey inoaaeyao ca niaie i?aai ia
naiiiai?iio a neo/aa oa?icu aa aaciianiinoe ni noi?iiu /a/aineeo
aaiaeeoia e eiino?aiiuo iaaiieeia, aace?othueony ia a?oceineie
oa??eoi?ee — a Iaieene.
?aoeoaeueiia i?ioeaiaeaenoaea ?inneeneeo aeanoae aaiaeai
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo oa??i?enoia a *a/ia n i?eiaiaieai ?aaoey?iuo aiene e
aieineeo oi?ie?iaaiee, i?ioaaeoeo niaoeeaeueioth iiaeaioiaeo, canoaaeee
oa??i?enoe/aneea i?aaiecaoeee ia?aeoe e no?aoaaee eniieueciaaiey
oa??i?enoaie «ae?oaeanoaaiiiai ainoaea?noaa» — A?ocee a ea/anoaa ouea e
aacu aeey niaa?oaiey ?aeaeia ia ?inneth. Anoue iaiaei aeieoiaioaeueiuo
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiee oiai, /oi ?yae /a/aineeo iieaauo eiiaiaee?ia
eniieueciaaee Iaieenneia ouaeuea eae aaco aeey ea/aiey, ioaeuoa e
ia?aoi?ie?iaaiey aiaaeeia, a oaeaea aeey ia?ai?aaee a *a/ith i?oaeey e
aiai?eiania. Iai?eia?, iaaeaaii iaia?iaeiaaii ia?auaiea O. Aanaaaa e
/eaiai /a/aineeo iacaeiiiuo aii?oaeaiiuo oi?ie?iaaiee, iaoiaeyueony a
A?ocee, aaea niaea?aeaony eino?oeoeee ii i?iaaaeaieth iiae?uaiie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?ioea ?innee, caaea/e ii iiaeaioiaea aiaaeeia e
niaaaeaieth eo i?oaeeai. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue noaaeony caaea/a iioeuaiey
ethaeae n oeaeueth iieo/aiey oeiainiauo n?aaenoa aeey caeoiie i?oaeey.A
oa/aiea ?yaea eao a?oceineea ?oeiaiaeeoaee cayaeyee, /oi a A?oceth ec
*a/ie ia?aoiaeeee oieueei noa?eee, aeaiueiu e aeaoe. Ia iniiaaiee
iiiai/eneaiiuo naeaeaoaeuenoa ynii: a?oceineea aeanoe n naiiai ia/aea
ciaee, /oi yoi ia oae. Iaeiie ec caaea/ i?iiaaaiaeu a?oceineiai
?oeiaiaenoaa, iniaaiii a ia?aua iieaiaea iinea iaiaaeaiey oa??i?enoia ia
Aeaaanoai e ia/aea aiaiiuo aeaenoaee a *a/ia, auei iaania/eoue
aeaaiaeaeaoaeueiia ioiioaiea e aiaaeeai. Noaey ii iiiaei i?eciaeai,
oaeoth aeaaiaeaeaoaeueiinoue a?oceineia ?oeiaiaenoai no?aieeinue
aeiaanoe aei Ianoaaeiaa, Oaooaaa e Aanaaaa. I?eia/aoaeueii, /oi A?ocey
ia inoaeeea iaiaaeaiea ia Aeaaanoai, ianiio?y ia iauoth n iei a?aieoeo.
I/aaeaeii, aiciaeaaeaea oaiaeaioeey, ii?aaeaeyaoay ?inneth eae «aeaaiiai
a?aaa» A?ocee, e iinaio i?aaeiieaaaeinue iieiaeeoaeueiia ioiioaiea e
ethaie aunooieaoae i?ioea iaa neea. A a?oceineeo NIE, aeeth/ay
ioeoeeaeueiua, neiiaoee auee yaii ia noi?iia aiaaeeia, a aioeiaoee e
?innee ia?aoiaeeee a ioe?iaaiiua.
*oi aea i?aaeii?aaeaeeei iaaeaaii?eyoioth aeey ?O e aeaaiaeaeaoaeueioth
aeey aiaaeeia iauoth iiceoeeth a?oceineeo aeanoae, iiieii eciaiaiee a
iieeoeea A?ocee, aa ia?ai?eaioaoeee io ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e Oo?oeee,
NOA e IAOI? Anoue iaiaei i?eciaeia oiai, /oi a?oceineia ?oeiaiaenoai a
ia/aeueiue ia?eiae aiaauo aeaenoaee iieaaaei aa?iyoiui ii?aaeaiea
?innee: aaaeue i?iea?aea aea oa, ii iiaieth ianoiuo iieeoeeia, aieio
1994—1996 aiaeia. Eiaaea aea iiaeiaiua i?aaeiieiaeaiey ia ii?aaaeaeenue,
a Oaeeene ia eneeth/eee a aeaeueiaeoai aiciiaeiinoue oaeiai
o?aaoee?iaaiey /a/aineie i?iaeaiu, eioi?ia, ii nooe, iiaoi?eei au iiuo
oanaath?oneeo niaeaoaiee. Iiyoiio a ioiioaieyo n «E/ea?eae» a?oceineay
iieeoeea auea iai?aaeaia ia caaeaa?eaaiea /a/aineeo iieaauo eiiaiaee?ia,
caea?uaaiea n ieie, aeaeea?e?iaaiea naiaai iaeo?aeeoaoa ia neiaao e
iiiiuue ei ia aeaea.
A ia?aua ianyoeu iinea iaiaaeaiey ia Aeaaanoai nio?oaeie/anoai
a?oceineeo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae n iieaauie eiiaiaee?aie aaeaa ne?uaaeinue. A
Oaeeene, iieiinoueth eee /anoe/ii, ia aeaiueae aiaaeeia ia/aee
ecaeaaaoueny aacaou, aiciee /a/aineee eioi?iaoeeiiiue oeaio?, a aeaaiia,
auei nicaeaii oae iacuaaaiia i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai /a/aineeo naia?aoenoia,
ian/eouaaaoaa iaeii a?aiy aei noa nio?oaeieeia — oi anoue ianiiinoaaeii
aieueoa, /ai iinieuenoai ?innee. Ianiio?y ia i?ioanou ec Iineau,
ioeoeeaeueiua no?oeoo?u A?ocee, ia aiai?y oaea i /anoiuo NIE,
eaaeeoeoee?iaaee aai ia eia/a eae «i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai *a/ie» eee
«i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai ?anioaeeee E/ea?ey». Nai i?aaenoaaeoaeue, Oec?e
Aeaeaiia, noae iiaeeeiiie caacaeie oaeaye?aia, iieo/ee aeinooi e
?oeiaiaenoao A?ocee, iai?yioth ano?a/aeny n ieieno?aie e ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie
aaaeiinoa.
Ia ia?aue ieai ana aieaa noaea auoiaeeoue i?iaeaia Iaieenneiai ouaeuey,
aaea i?iaeeaatho /a/aioeu-eenoeioeu e eoaea ono?aieeenue ec *a/ie
aii?oaeaiiua aiaaeee. Naaiaeiy, iai?eia?, ianiio?y ia aaaaeaiiue ni
noi?iiu ?O aeciaue ?aaeei, a?oceiai i?iua iiianoue a ?inneth, /ai a yoi
ouaeuea. Aeieaia a?aiy aoiae nthaea ei aue i?aeoe/anee cai?auai,
eneeth/aiee ia aeaeaeinue aeaaea aeey aeo?iaeenoia e iieeoeaeneeo. Auee
neo/ae, eiaaea eo iano?aeeaaee e a?aee a caeiaeieee.Iicaeiaa, auaoee
i?aceaeaio A?ocee Y. Oaaa?aeiaaeca i?eciae, /oi a ouaeuea, aiciiaeii,
anoue nioiy-ae?oaay aii?oaeaiiuo aiaaeeia. Aeaaea eiaaea a Oaeeene
/a/aineeie aaiaeeoaie auee iioeuaiu eniaineea a?aaeaeaia, Y.
Oaaa?aeiaaeca cayaee, /oi iioeuaiea yaeyaony /anoueth caaiai?a,
i?aaieciaaiiiai… ?inneae. Aoaeoi au oa euao aiciiaeiinoue iineaoue
naie aienea a Eaoaoeth aeey oie/oiaeaiey «/a/aineiai aieeaaa», a caiaeii
oi/ao oaea?aeaoue Oaeeene io nio?oaeie/anoaa n IAOI.
I?i aoi?aeaiea /a/aineeo aiaaeeia e a?oceineeo ia?oecai a Aaoaceth a
ia/aea ieoya?y 2001 aiaea oaea neacaii iaiaei. Naaiaeiy ecaanoii, /oi
ethaee Aaeaaaa, ieacaaoeany ia a?oceineie oa??eoi?ee iinea ?aca?iia
aaiaeu a /a/aineii naeaiee Eiiniiieueneia, ia eacaiiuo iieeoeaeneeo
a?ociaeeao auaiceeenue ec Iaieene, a caoai niieieii oee ii Eiaei?neiio
ouaeueth e Noooie. Iiiaea ec ieo auee ia?aiaeaou a oi?io aieoeia
aioo?aiieo aiene IAAe A?ocee. Auynieeenue iiae?iaiinoe e oiai, eae
a?oceineea iaaeeee ii ee/iiio oeacaieth Yaeoa?aea Aia?ineaae/a
Oaaa?aeiaaeca iyi/eeenue n ?aiaiui Aaeaaaui. I?e iiiuoea i?i?uaa
ie?oaeaiey a ?aeiia ai?u Naoa?iay Aieiaa «aeeaeceiiiue aaia?ae» iieo/ee
oyaeaeua ineiei/iua ?aiaiey a aeeaio e aaae?i. Aai auiineee ia iineeeao
e aa?oieaoo, aa?aaee, eae nayouith. Aaeaaaa ia?ai?aaeee a ainieoaeue
ai?iaea Coaaeeaee, aaea naeaeaee n?i/ioth iia?aoeeth ii oaeaeaieth
ineieeia. I?e/ai a?a/ai (a?oiia iaaeeeia niaoeeaeueii i?eauea ec
a?oceineie noieeoeu) auea iinoaaeaia caaea/a — nianoe aeeciue iaoeeaioa
ethaie oeaiie, ie a eiai neo/aa ia ?acaeaoay aai ee/iinoue. I caei?iauea
Aaeaaaa ?aaoey?ii ni?aaeyeenue ii oaeaoiio ec Oaeeene. A eiaaea e?ecen
ieiiaae, Oaaa?aeiaaeca auaeaeee aa?oieao ?anioaeeeaineiai IAAe,
ia?aianoee ?aiaiiai a noaaooth aio ?iaeiie Naaiaoeth.
Ai a?aiy ea/aiey Aaeaaaa a Coaaeeaee ianoiua aeeoaee auee ii?aaeaiu
iaieuaii aieueoiai eiee/anoaa aii?oaeaiiuo aei coaia ethaeae a
eaiooeyaea. Aaeaaaa io?aiyee o?ieiui eieueoeii niaianoiua ea?aoeu ec
/a/aioeaa e ia?oecai — «eaniuo a?aoueaa». Iethn ei anaio ioaeaeueii ia
iinou aunoaaeee nio?oaeieeia IAAe A?ocee. Ethaiaue a?oceineeo ia?oecai e
oa??i?enoo iauyniyaony i?inoi. Aaeaaa, iai?aaeyynue a Aaoaceth, ethaacii
i?eiye a naie io?yae ethaeae, eiathueo noaeeiinoe. Ii no?aiiiio
noa/aieth ianoiyoaeuenoa a niaoaiiii /a/aii-a?oceineii io?yaea
ieacaeenue oaieiaieee, niaa?oeaoea iiaaa ec a?oceineie eieiiee no?iaiai
?aaeeia 21 naioya?y 2001 aiaea. Enoaoe, ii eioi?iaoeee aaoacneeo
niaoeneoaea, oaieiaieeai i?inoi iiiaauaee naiaiaeo, anee iie naie
e?eieiaeueiue iici? niitho e?iaueth a Aaoacee. Iaaaaeii, /ueae e?iaueth.
Ii a «oo?aoiuo ?ioao» ieacaeenue ieeoaeuoiua aieoeu: iinea ia?auo aea
auno?aeia iie ?acaaaaeenue, a?inay aaoiiaou.
A oiaea aeceoa Yaeoa?aea Oaaa?aeiaaeca a NOA a 2001 aiaeo Aaoeiaoii
iio?aaiaae io A?ocee aeoeaecaoeee ai?ueau n oa??i?enoaie. E a eaioi 2002
aiaea a?oceineee IEAe niiauee i i?ae?auaiee oeiaine?iaaiey /a/aineeo
aaaeaioeaa e iiaeaioiaea eo ia?anaeaiey ia ?iaeeio. Iaeiiaoe, ieieno?
aaciianiinoe A?ocee Aaea?ee Oaao?caiey i?eciae, /oi a aunieiai?iie /anoe
Iaieenneiai ouaeuey ia naaa?a A?ocee ieiiaeenue ieiei ainueienio
aii?oaeaiiuo iyoaaeieeia. Ieiei noa ec ieo — a?aaneea iaaiieee, n?aaee
eioi?uo anoue «eae a?aaeaeaia a?aaneeo no?ai, oae e ae?oaeo
ainoaea?noa… Iaeioi?ay /anoue a?aaia, iaoiaeyueony a Iaieenneii
ouaeuea, a i?ioeii iiaeaea?aeeaaea naycue n Oaooaaii», — ioiaoee ii. Ii
neiaai Oaao?caiey, aieueoeinoai aiaaeeia i?iieeee a Iaieene ec *a/ie ii
o?oaeiiaeinooiiui ai?iui o?iiai, ae?oaea i?eaoaee iiae aeaeii
i?aaenoaaeoaeae aoiaieoa?iuo e ?aeeaeiciuo i?aaiecaoeee, o?aouee — a
ea/anoaa iaaeaaiaia, yeiau ?aaioathueo a eieeaaeaeao a ouaeuea. Aeanoe
A?ocee, eae ioiaoee Oaao?caiey, ieacuaatho aeaaeaiea ia iyoaaeieeia,
o?aaoy io ieo eeai neiaeeoue i?oaeea, eeai iieeiooue no?aio. E ana-oaee
ieieno? n/eoae, /oi aeey aeinoeaeaiey yoie oeaee «nianai ia iaycaoaeueii
i?iaiaeeoue niaoeeaeueioth iia?aoeeth».
Enoaoe, iiieii Iaieenneiai ouaeuey, /a/aineea, a?aaneea e ae?oaea
aiaaeee iaoiaeeeenue oaeaea a Naaia-oee, a Ai?eeneii ?aeiia, a
i?ea?aie/iie iieina THaeiie Inaoee — inaoeineeo naeao, caiyouo a?oceiaie
a oiaea eiioeeeoa a ia/aea 1990-o aiaeia.
Oai a?aiaiai ianoaiiaea a eenoeineeo naeaieyo Iaieenneiai ouaeuey
iaino?eeanue, aeiie /aio noaee i?iaeieaeathueany iioeuaiey ethaeae. A
eiioea 2001 aiaea ec ieaia oaeaeinue-oaee inaiaiaeeoue aeaoo eniaineeo
aecianiaiia. Eo ?iaenoaaiieeai i?eoeinue auieaoeoue aueoi. E a Oaeeene
caieaie?iaaee iaeiiaoe ia/aoue iieeoeaeneoth iia?aoeeth a e?eieiaeueiii
?aaeiia. A yoii A?oceth iiaeaea?aeaee NOA. A oaa?aea-ia?oa 2002 aiaea
iie i?aaeinoaaeee iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneoth iiiiuue a?oceineei neeiaeeai
e i?eneaee eino?oeoi?ia ec-ca ieaaia. A IAAe A?ocee aeaaea
?ac?aaaouaaeny ieai ia?aiina aeieiinoia a aeoaue ouaeuey. Iaeiaei aeanoe
ia niaoeee n ia/aeii aeoeaiuo aeaenoaee. A Oaeeene i?ae?anii iiieiaee,
/oi i?e ca/enoea Iaieenneiai ouaeuey i?eaeaony noieeiooueny n /a/aineeie
aiaaeeaie. «E/ea?eeneee i?aaenoaaeoaeue» a A?ocee Oec?e Aeaeaiia aeaaea
i?aaeoi?aaeee, /oi ethaay aeoeey ii ioi?aaea aaaeaioeaa a *a/ith aoaeao
i?e?aaieaaoueny e aaiioeeaeo e ano?aoeo ioii?. Iaaeaeaiea iieeaeaoue
a?oceineoth oa??eoi?eth au?aceee e aiaaeee iieaaiai eiiaiaee?a ?oneaia
Aaeaaaa. Yoi iiaeoaa?aeee oe?aeineee iaaiiee ec aaiaeu Aaeaaaa Na?aae
Aeaaeeaae/, eioi?ue aue caaea?aeai ia EII «Aa?oiee Ea?a». Iaaiiee
niiauee i nae?aoiii niaeaoaiee iaaeaeo aeaia?oaiaioii aiaoiae ?acaaaeee
A?ocee e Aaeaaaui, niaeanii eioi?iio io?yae yoiai iieaaiai eiiaiaee?a
aoaeao iaoiaeeoueny a Iaieenneii ouaeuea, i?aaeinoaaeyy a?oceineie
noi?iia naieo ethaeae aeey nae?aoiuo iia?aoeee.
…Oaeia oii, ia eioi?ii Y. Oaaa?aeiaaeca, iacaaaoee Aaeaaaa /ooue ee ia
iia?aoeiii, iaiaeiie?aoii oaa?ye ?inneth, /oi ia oa??eoi?ee A?ocee
i?eieiathony ia?u i?ioea aiaaeeia. E a aeieacaoaeuenoai iauyaee-oaee i
i?iaaaeaiee aioee?eieiaeueiie iia?aoeee, aueeaoaeny a iaueiiaaiiia
oaao?aeeciaaiiia oio. Ieieno? iai?iiu ?O Na?aae Eaaiia oae ioeaiee yoi
aeaenoai a?oceineeo neeiaeeia a Iaieene: «Ca noeaie/aneia eneonnoai,
?aaeenno?o e aeoa?neia ianoa?noai noaaeth ei ioeaieo «ioee/ii», a ca
yooaeoeaiinoue — «iaoaeiaeaoai?eoaeueii» (aeeaea e ioeth!)».
Oau, ie iinea naioya?ueneiai (2002 aiaea) cayaeaiey I?aceaeaioa ?O, ie
iinea aai ano?a/e a oii aea aiaeo n Y. Oaaa?aeiaaeca ia ieoya?ueneii
naiieoa aeaa ainoaea?noa NIA a Eeoeiaaa oa??i?enou a A?ocee oae e ia
auee ?aci?oaeaiu. Neooaoeey iaaeeaiii, ii, eaaeaony, ia/aea iaiyoueny
eeoue iinea inaiaiaeaeaiey caeiaeieeia, oaea?aeeaaaoeony aaiaeie Aa?aaaa
a Oaao?aeueiii oeaio?a a Iineaa (enoaoe, ii iaeioi?ui aeaiiui, io?yae
Iiana?a Aa?aaaa i?ioae iiaeaioiaeo eiaiii a Iaieenneii ouaeuea).
I?aceaeaio A?ocee Yaeoa?ae Oaaa?aeiaaeca n?aco iiiye, /ai ana iiaeao
iaa?iooueny aeey aai no?aiu. Eiaiii iiyoiio ii ?aiueoa ae?oaeo iicaiiee
Iooeio iinea ooo?ia «Ii?ae-Inoa» e au?acee naith nieeaea?iinoue. A
aoeaaeueii /a?ac ianeieueei aeiae a Oaeeene auei iaeiiaoe cae?uoi
«*a/aineie ?anioaeeee E/ea?ey»…
AEAAA 3 «ENOI*IEEE OEIAINE?IAAIEss»
Naia?aoenou, i?ioeainoiyuea oaaea?aeueiui aeanoyi ?innee ia oa??eoi?ee
*a/aineie ?anioaeeee e ieiiaaoeany a Iaieenneii ouaeuea Aoiaoneiai
?aeiia A?ocee, ieeiaaea ia eniuouaaee iaaeinoaoea a iaaiieeao, i?oaeee e
aeaiueaao. Eaeei aea ia?acii iie iieo/aee e i?iaeieaeatho iieo/aoue
iaoa?eaeueioth e oeiainiaoth iiiiuue? Aei iaaeaaiaai a?aiaie oaeoth
iiiiuue inouanoaeyee iaeioi?ua ionoeueiaineea i?aaiecaoeee (i?aaeaea
anaai iaoiaeyueany a NOA), iai?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua aoiaieoa?iua
i?aaiecaoeee a?aaneeo no?ai Aeeaeiaai e N?aaeiaai Ainoiea, niaoeneoaeau
iaeioi?uo ainoaea?noa e, eiia/ii, /a/aineay aeeanii?a — eae ec-ca
?oaaaea, oae e n oa??eoi?ee naiie ?innee.
Iai?eia?, a NOA nicaeaii e aeaenoaoao iiiaeanoai ionoeueiaineeo
i?aaiecaoeee. Iaeaieaa iiuioth eo /anoue ninoaaeyao oae iacuaaaiue
«Aa?oiaiue eneaineee niaao Aia?eee». Iiae aai ia/aeii iaoiaeyony oaeea
?aaeeeaeueiua aieinoaothuea i?aaiecaoeee, eae «Eneaineee e?oa Naaa?iie
Aia?eee», «Eneaineay iaueia Naaa?iie Aia?eee», e iiiaea ae?oaea. Ii
iauaaeeiyao 15 ieeeeiiia ionoeueiai, i?iaeeaathueo a NOA. Ii eiathueiny
aeaiiui, eiaiii yoa i?aaiecaoeey yaeyeanue iniiaiui eaiaeii ia?ai?aaee
oeiainia ec NOA a *a/ith, i?aaieciauaaea ?aaoey?iua i?i/a/aineea
aunooieaiey a NIE.
A naia a?aiy «Aa?oiaiue eneaineee niaao Aia?eee» i?eiye
aani?aoeaaeaioiia ?aoaiea ia ieacaiee oeiainiaie iiiiue *a/ia. Eaaeaeue
aia?eeaineee ionoeueiaiei iaycai aue naeaoue a «/a?ioth eanno» aiaaeeia
ia iaiueoa /ai ii 100 aeieea?ia. Oaeei ia?acii, aeaaa?e /a/aineeo
aiaaeeia iieo/eee ia iaiaa 150 ieeeeiiia aeieea?ia.
Ae?oaay iai?aaeoaeuenoaaiiay aeaaioai?eoaeueiay i?aaiecaoeey —
Aia?eeaineay ionoeueiaineay iiiiuue (AIA) — auea ca?aaeno?e?iaaia a
Ainaeaia?oaiaioa NOA. Aa iniiaiay caaea/a — «ieacaiea iiiiue
ionoeueiaineei a?aoueyi ai anai ie?a». AIA ieacuaaea iiiiuue
ionoeueiaineei iaueiai Naaa?iiai Eaaeaca, aaea aeoeaioth
i?iiaaaiaeenoneoth eaiiaieth ii aeene?aaeeoaoeee aeaenoaee ?inneeneeo
aeanoae a *a/ia. A ia/aea 2000 aiaea i?aaenoaaeoaee AIA ii i?eaeaoaieth
A. Ianoaaeiaa iiauaaee a *a/ia. Aeaaioai?eoaeueiue eneaineee oiiae,
ooaa-eaa?oe?a eioi?iai oiaea iaoiaeeony a NOA, ?aaoey?ii i?aaieciauaae a
NIE aunooieaiey a iiaeaea?aeeo naia?aoenoia a *a/ia e i?iaiaeee oe?ieoth
i?iiaaaiaeenoneoth eaiiaieth a iieeoieiae/aneeo e enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo
oeaio?ao NOA, eieoeee?iaae neooaiey a eiia?anna. I?e yoii aeoeaii
i?eaeaeae a ea/anoaa eiinoeueoaioia e yenia?oia nio?oaeieeia
aaeieieno?aoeee Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoia. E yoi aeaeaei ia iieiue ia?a/aiue
i?aaiecaoeee NOA, caieiaaoeony nai?ii n?aaenoa aeey /a/aineeo aiaaeeia.
I?aaenoaaeoaee Aeue-Oa?aiaei Ao-Oa?eoaei, iai?aaeoaeuenoaaiiie
aeaaioai?eoaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee Naoaeianeie A?aaee, ioe?uoi ieacuaaee
oeiainiaoth e iaoa?eaeueioth iiiiuue /a/aineei naia?aoenoai. Inaiueth
1999 aiaea yoa i?aaiecaoeey iauyaeea nai? iiaea?oaiaaiee a oiiae iiiiue
*a/ie, a aa ?oeiaiaeeoaee aunooieee n i?ecuaaie e iauyaeaieth «nayuaiiie
aieiu» ?innee. Naoaeianeea aeaaioai?eoaeueiua i?aaiecaoeee
«Oayooeue-Eaana» e «Eneaineee eiia?ann» nia?aee a Naoaeianeie A?aaee,
Eoaaeoa e IAY ianeieueei ieeeeiiia aeieea?ia e oaeaea ia?ai?aaeee eo ia
Naaa?iue Eaaeac. Ei?aeaineia ioaeaeaiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
oa??i?enoe/aneie i?aaiecaoeee «A?aouey-ionoeueiaia» a ia/aea 1999 aiaea
nia?aei ieiei 20 ieeeeiiia aeieea?ia aeey iiiiue /a/aineei yeno?aienoai.
Eoaaeoneia «Iauanoai nioeeaeueiuo ?aoi?i» a naia a?aiy yaeyeinue iaeiei
ec e?oiiuo iinoaaueeia aeaiaa aeey /a/aineeo aiaaeeia. Oieueei a 1999
aiaeo a *a/ith ioeoeeaeueii auei ia?aaaaeaii ieiei ieeeeiia aeieea?ia.
Ii iaioeoeeaeueiui aeaiiui, yoa oeeo?a auea ?ac a aeanyoue aieueoa.
Oeiainiaoth iiaeaea?aeeo aaiaeeoai ieacuaaee e eaiaineay
«Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay aeaaioai?eoaeueiay annioeeaoeey» (?oeiaiaeeoaeue —
Eniaee Aee Naeao), «Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay eneaineay i?aaiecaoeey» (aeaaa —
eaiaiaoe Aoiaae ssnie), «Eeaa eneaineiai ie?a» (IAY). Nai? n?aaenoa aeey
/a/aineeo aiaaeeia aaee oaeaea oo?aoeeay «?aoao», ecaanoiay ia Aeeaeiai
Ainoiea «Oacaaeeao», aaeiaoneay «Aeue-Aaiaa aeue-eneaieey», ia?ieeaineee
«Aaaiaa?ae eneaia» e aeaaea ee?aecneee «Aeaeeoaae». A Aaeeeia?eoaiee e
E?eaiaeee yoei caieiaeenue «Aiththuay eneaineay a?oiia» e niiauanoai
«Iooaaeaee?u», ai O?aioeee — «Eiieoao iiaeaea?aeee *a/ie», a Aa?iaiee —
«Eiieoao eaaeacnei-/a/aineie nieeaea?iinoe», a Iieueoa — «*a/aineee
eioi?iaoeeiiiue oeaio?». A /enea aea?oaiaaoaeae auee aoaaineia
aeaeaeaiea «Oaeeaai» e naoaeianeee ieeeea?aea?-oa??i?eno Onaia aai
Eaaeai. A 2000 aiaeo ec Iaoaaa?a a *a/ith ii iai?aaee, iai?eia?, ia?oeth
aiaiiie e oeiainiaie iiiiue: 2 ieeeeiia aeieea?ia, 4 ia?aiiniuo caieoiuo
?aeaoiuo eiiieaena «Noeiaa?», 700 oiaeiaie ac?ua/aouo aauanoa oeia
ieanoeo iauei aanii 350 eeeia?aiiia, eiiieaenu aeenoaioeeiiiiai
oi?aaeaiey aeey iiae?uaa ca?yaeia, a oaeaea ia?oee iaaeeoeeineeo
i?aia?aoia. ?inneeneeie i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuie i?aaiaie caoeene?iaaii
aieaa 130 e?oiiuo iai?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo oiiaeia, iauanoa e i?aaiecaoeee,
i?yii eee einaaiii iiaeaea?aeeaathueo /a/aineeo oa??i?enoia ec no?ai
aeaeueiaai ca?oaaaeuey e ainoaea?noa NIA, a oaeaea ieiei nioie oe?i e
aeanyoie aaieianeeo a?oii. Iiieii iaoa?eaeueiie iiiiue
ecaia, aaiaeu iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo oa??i?enoia nouanoaotho e ca n/ao
i?anooiiiai aeciana. Iai?eia?, iioeuaiea ethaeae e oi?aiaey eie n
oeaeueth iieo/aiey aueoia eee ia?auaiey a ?aaia i?eia?aee a «E/ea?ee»
oaeie ?aciao, /oi yoio i?iiunae caiye aaaeouea iiceoeee a yeiiiieea
?anioaeeee. Oieueei a 1997—1998 aiaeao /a/aineeie a?oiie?iaeaie auee
iioeuaiu 1094 /aeiaaea. Yoiio ai iiiaii niinianoaiaaei oi, /oi a
?acoeueoaoa ia?aie /a/aineie eaiiaiee a ?oeao o aiaaeeia ieacaeinue
iaiaei ?inneeneeo aiaiiiieaiiuo. Aaciaeacaiii eciuaaynue iaae ieie,
ca?aaaouaay eaaeea aeaiueae ia inaiaiaeaeaiee, ecaeaeay aeioiaeu io
?aaneiai o?oaea, anei?a aaiaeeou aioee ai aeon oaeiai i?eaueueiiai
aeciana. E oiio aea ca ana a?aiy, i?ioaaeoaa iinea auaiaea oaaea?aeueiuo
aiene ec *a/aineie ?anioaeeee, ie iaeei i?anooiiee, i?iiuoeyaoee
?aaioi?aiaeae, a «E/ea?ee» oae e ia aue na?ueacii iaeacai.
A oiaea eiio?oa??i?enoe/aneie iia?aoeee a ?oee aiaiiuo eiio??acaaae/eeia
iiiaei iaiaei aeieoiaioia, naeaeaoaeuenoaothueo i i?aeoeea iioeuaiey
ethaeae a *a/ia n oeaeueth aueoia eee ia?auaiey eo a ?aanoai. Aio,
iai?eia?, aeiaiai?, caeeth/aiiue iaaeaeo iaeiei ec niiaeaeaeieeia
Oaooaaa e iaeei eiino?aioeai — ssne?ii Ne?eeneei — i caoaaoa eaoe?a
(iaaa?iiai) n oeaeueth iieo/aiey aeaiaa iaaeaeo aeiaiaa?eaathueieny
noi?iiaie: «45 i?ioeaioia aeey noi?iiu, eioi?ay aue?aaeuaaao ieaiieea, e
55 i?ioeaioia — aeey /a/aineie noi?iiu ca ia?aaiceo, io?aio e
iin?aaeie/anoai». Aeieoiaiou naeaeaoaeuenoaotho e i oii, /oi ca a?aieoeo
a ea/anoaa ?aaia auaiceeenue ia oieueei ac?ineua ethaee, ii e aeaoe. Ia
oioia?aoeyo, naeaeaiiuo ca ?oaaaeii, — eeoea aeaoae, eioi?ui ii aeaeo ia
aieaa 6—7 eao. A aeey aani?aiyonoaaiiiai auaica «aeeaiai oiaa?a» ca
i?aaeaeu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e iaaieueieeai i?eiaiyeenue
neeueiiaeaenoaothuea o?aieaeeecaoi?u (ineoio?iiiua i?aia?aou), eioi?ua
ia ?ac iaia?oaeeaaeenue oaaea?aeaie a aaiaeeoneeo no?iiao.
Caaioynue oieueei i aeaiueaao, aaiaeeou ia?aaeei iioeuaee aeaaea naieo
caieyeia. *oi aea eanaaony «ninaaeae», oi ii/oe 50 ouny/ /aeiaae
/a/aineea aaiaeeou iioeoeee e ia?aoeee a ?aanoai.
Aua iaeiei enoi/ieeii oeiaine?iaaiey aiaaeeia aue ia?eiaecian.
«Iaeiie ec i?e/ei a?aaaaeae a *a/ia auee e inoathony ia?eioeee, —
naeaeaoaeuenoaiaae ei?aeaiaoe Oaeeae aeue-Oayae, ianeieueei ianyoeaa
iaoiaeeaoeeny n?aaee /a/aineeo aiaaeeia, a aaiaea ana oiai aea Aaeaaaa.
— ?aiueoa iie, oae aea eae e i?oaeea, i?iaeaaaeenue a oeaio?a A?iciiai.
Iinea oiai eae ?onneea acyee ai?iae a ieioiia eieueoei, caeuea noaei
aieueoei aeaoeoeeoii, a oeaiu ia iaai — aaniineiaiuie. Aiaaeee aeaaea
iiae iano?aeii oaaea?aeueiie aaeaoeee e a?oeeea?ee aioiau auee oeaeue
aeaiue oaneaoue ia ?uiie iaoee n iaa?aaeaiiui aeia?ii, /oiau e aa/a?o,
i?iaeaa ana aaue, iieo/eoue oi?eoe n iaaieueoie aeicie e ?anneaaeoueny.
Iaeuecy neacaoue, /oiau ana iiaieiaii auee ia?eiiaiaie, ii eo oaaoaei.
Eieieenue, eo?eee aiaoo — a iauai, oiio?aaeyee ana, /oi oaiaeii, eeoue
au iieo/eoue eaeo. Iaeioi?ua aiaaeee iaoiaeeee a a?ioaiiuo eaa?oe?ao
oaaeaoee e ia?auaeenue ei iia n i?inueaie i?i/eoaoue aiiioaoeeth —
iiaeii ee eo i?eiyoue, /oiau oioue iaiiiai iieaa/aei».
AEeciue a aacaeanoee aeoaeaaanei-ianoaaeianeiai ?aaeeia, aiaeu aieiu,
iaaa?eaoea ?oee aaiaeeoia e?iaueth naieo niioa/anoaaiieeia,
i?aae/oanoaea iaieioaiie ?anieaou ca niaa?oaiiua i?anooieaiey aeaaaee
naay ciaoue. Aio e iuoaeenue aiaaeee iaeoe nianaiea io iai?inouo
aii?inia ?aaeueiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe a aeeiaieueiii eee ia?eioe/aneii
iiueyiaiee. E ia oieueei aiaaeee. ?ac?ooaiiay /a/aineay yeiiiieea,
aac?aaioeoea, ae?oaea aii?inu nioeeaeueii-auoiaiai oa?aeoa?a ia iiaee ia
neacaoueny ia ineoeea iiiaeo aeaaea ie?iuo /a/aineeo a?aaeaeai. E oiio
aea aeaeaei ia nae?ao, /oi a «naiaiaeiie E/ea?ee» i?iecaiaenoai
ia?eioeeia, ii nouanoao, auei eaaaeueiui aecianii. A naia a?aiy oa aea
Aanaaa e Oaooaa aeinoeaee a yoii aeaea iaiaeuo oniaoia. I?eiaaeeaaeaaoea
ei ieaioaoeee iaea e eiiiiee ?aniieaaaeenue a Eo?/aeiaaneii,
Aoaea?ianneii, Iiaeae-TH?oianeii, Aaaeaineii ?aeiiao. A ?iaeiie a?ao
Oaieey Aanaaaa — Oe?aaie i?eeoiee ii neo/ath ii oeeoea Oo?aaiaaa a
A?iciii caeaiea oeieu ? 40, anei?a ia?aiai?oaeiaaiiia iiae caaiae ii
i?iecaiaenoao ia?eioeeia. Aai iai?iaeeee eieth/ae i?iaieieie iiae
yeaeo?e/aneei oieii. Aua au, iai?oaeiaaiea caeanue auei aa?iaineei, a a
?iee eiinoeueoaioia aunooiaee eiaeeeneea i?ioanni?a-oa?iaeieiae… Ca
aeaiue /oaei-caaiae «eiaie a?aoueaa Aanaaauo» auaeaaae ia-ai?a o?e
eeeia?aiia /enoiai aa?ieia. Ia /a?iii ?uiea iaeei a?aii yoiai caeuey
noiee 200 aeieea?ia. Ia?eiaa?iiu Aanaaau ioe?uee oiaaea naie
«i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa» a Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa, Aieaia?aaea, E?aniiaea?a, Ooa,
Eaeoaa. E aeaiueae iioaeee e iei ?aeie. «E/ea?eeneea» caaiaeu ii
i?iecaiaenoao iiey e ia?a?aaioea aa?ieia ?aniieaaaeenue oaeaea a
naiaoi?ee yia?aaoeeia a Aaaeaineii ?aeiia, a ieiia?neii eaaa?a «Ci?ueea»
iiae Oaee e ae?oaeo ianoao.
Eaeaieiaey aaooaaecia ia i?aiyonoaiaaea i?iecaiaenoao ia?eioeeia. Aaaeue
a Ei?aia , nayuaiiie eieaa ionoeueiai, i ieo ia oiiieiaaony ie neiaa.
Aeaaea naiua i?oiaeienaeueiua i?eaa?aeaioeu Eneaia — oaeeau — ia oieueei
ia n/eoaee i?iecaiaenoai ia?eioeeia nia?oiui a?aoii, a, iaiai?io, aeaaea
iinoaaeee aai, eae aiai?eony, ia oe?ieoth iiao. Iai?eia?, ii aeaiiui
ONA, a ?aei?aeiii 1996 aiaeo a Aoaaienoaia auei i?iecaaaeaii 3 ouny/e
oiii iieoia. Enoaoe, oaeeau e /a/aineei aaiaeeoai iiiiaaee ana oai aea
aeo?iaiyuei ii?ioeii — o?ainii?oe?iaaoue aai eaa/a, a i?aa?aoeoue
«nia?oue aaeoth» a «nia?oue no?aeythuoth» iiiai oia ia iaaei. Oae,
e?oiioth ia?oeth ia?eioeeia aeey ?aaeecaoeee ia oa??eoi?ee ?innee
iinoaaee /a/aineei naia?aoenoai ana oio aea oa??i?eno ? 1 Onaia aai
Eaaeai. Anoue oaeaea naaaeaiey ia i?aaiecaoeee iinoaaie aa?ieia ec
Iaeenoaia /a?ac oa??eoi?ee A?ocee e Eiaooaoee.
Neiaii, e ?ani?ino?aiaieth ia?eioeeia ieacaeenue i?e/anoiuie iiiaea
iieaaua eiiaiaee?u. Ia neo/aeii aiaiiineoaeauea oaaea?aeueiie
a?oiie?iaee aiene ia Naaa?iii Eaaeaca i?e eaaeaeie niaoeiia?aoeee,
eiaaea iaia?oaeeaatho aacu eee ianoa noiyiie aiaaeeia, a eciaeeee
iaoiaeeee e iaoiaeyo eae eniieueciaaiiua, oae e aioiaua e oiio?aaeaieth
caianu iaeii?aciauo oi?eoeia, ia?eioe/aneea aauanoaa eee oiaeiaee io
ieo.
A oiaea a?iaeneie oacu i?iaaaeaiey eiio?oa??i?enoe/aneie iia?aoeee
«iaeieioua» e «iaeo?aiiua» aaiaeeou auaaei aeaaea iiaeieiaeenue ia
«oaaea?aeia» a ioe?uooth aoaeo e oee aoeaaeueii oeaiyie, ia ia?auay
aieiaiey ia oeaae iaiy aie?oa. Auaaei, /oi caoaa/aiiua a ieai aiaaeee
ieacuaaeenue caeii/aiiuie ia?eiiaiaie. *a?ac ianeieueei /ania o ieo
ia/aiaeanue no?aoiay eiiea. Ca uaiioeo caeuey aaiaeeou aioiau auee
auaeaoue ethaiai ec naieo oae iacuaaaiuo oiaa?euae.
A *a/ith iaaeaeoia?iaeiuie yeno?aienoneeie i?aaiecaoeeyie ec-ca ?oaaaea
auee «caea/aiu» ieeeea?aeu aeieea?ia. Iinoiyiiui enoi/ieeii aeioiaeia
e?eieiaeueii-oa??i?enoe/aneiai ?aaeeia yaeyeenue ?aaioi?aiaey e
ia?eioi?aiaey. Ia yoe aeaiueae auea nicaeaia ianoiyuay oa??i?enoe/aneay
a?iey — i?eia?ii 26 ouny/ «ooueia». N aeanoeie i?aaiecaoeeiiii-ooaoiie
no?oeoo?ie, /aoeie eiiaiaeiie ea?a?oeae, n oeaio?aeeciaaiiie nenoaiie
oi?aaeaiey, ?acaeoie eio?ano?oeoo?ie. Nioie, ouny/e oiii aaoiia ooei ia
nicaeaiea oe?aieaiee, aoiea?ia ia neo/aeaieiu. Nioie oiii
iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa auei neeaaee?iaaii a ai?iuo iaua?ao…
Iinea niauoee 11 naioya?y 2001 aiaea i?aceaeaio NOA Aeae. Aoo ecaeae
i?eeac, aaiaeyuee oeiainiaua naieoeee ii ioiioaieth e oa??i?enoai e
eeoeai, nio?oaeie/athuei n ieie. Aai nooue naiaeeony e oiio, /oi
caii?aaeeaathony ana aaieianeea n/aoa oae iacuaaaiuo aieiia eneaia ia
oa??eoi?ee NOA e aeiee?oaony any eo nianoaaiiinoue. E?iia oiai,
Aaoeiaoii i?aaeoi?aaeee, /oi aoaeoo caaeiee?iaaiu aeoeau ethaie
ei?ii?aoeee eee /anoiiai eeoea, anee oa iiaeaea?aeeaatho nayce n
oa??i?enoe/aneeie i?aaiecaoeeyie, nienie eioi?uo e oiio a?aiaie oaea aue
iioaeeeiaai. Iaiaaeeaiii auee aeiee?iaaiu 30 n/aoia a naieo Niaaeeiaiiuo
Ooaoao, a oaeaea 20 ca a?aieoeae. *a?ac iaaeaeth iinea anooieaiey a
aeaenoaea i?eeaca i?aceaeaioa eiee/anoai caii?iaeaiiuo n/aoia aeinoeaei
500.
Eae ecaanoii, I?aceaeaio ?innee Aeaaeeie? Iooei oaeaea iiaeienae oeac,
i?ecaaiiue aaanoe oeiainiaua naieoeee ii ioiioaieth e oa??i?enoai e
eeoeai, nio?oaeie/athuei n ieie.
CAEETH*AIEA
Ai?ueaa n oa??i?eciii — aeaei aeinoaoi/ii neiaeiia. Neeueiie aai
noi?iiie yaeyaony oiaiea nia?aiaiiuo yeno?aienoia eiinie?aoeaii
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue eiioaeou ni naieie aaeeiiiuoeaiieeaie eae ia
?aaeiiaeueiii, oae e ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiii o?iaia. I?iaeaia caeeth/aaony e
a oii, /oi o oa??i?enoia iao no?aoaaee — iaeia oaeoeea. I?aeoe/anee
iaaiciiaeii i?aaeoaaaeaoue — eaeia e, aeaaiia, aaea caaeoiatho
niaa?oeoue i?anooieaiea aaiaeeou a neaaeothuee ?ac.
Iaeiaei ai?ioueny n yoei yaeaieai iiaeii e ioaeii. Ii aeey ia/aea
iaiaoiaeeii auiieieoue oioy au aeaa i?aaeaeueii eiie?aoiuo oneiaey.
Ai-ia?auo, au?aaioaoue e i?eiyoue aaeeiua e?eoa?ee ioeaiee oa??i?ecia e
aai i?iyaeaiee, naeeceoue aioeoa??i?enoe/aneea caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa,
i?eiyoue aaeeiua aeey anao caeioa?aniaaiiuo ainoaea?noa i?aaeea
i?iaaaeaiey eiio?oa??i?enoe/aneeo iia?aoeee. Yoi iiiiaei au, a
/anoiinoe, ecaaaeaoue oao naiuo «aeaieiuo noaiaea?oia», eioi?ua
?ac?ooatho oaeie aaaeiue oaeoi? a ie?iaie iieeoeea, eae aeiaa?ea.
Ai-aoi?uo, eae iieacuaaao i?aeoeea, iaaeaeoia?iaeiue oa??i?eci
i?aeoe/anee iaoycaei aeey nia?aiaiiuo iaoiaeia aaaeaiey aieiu.
Aaeeiiee/iua aeaenoaey aeaaea «naa?oaea?aeaau» NOA ia ?aoatho i?iaeaiu.
Iaiaoiaeei aaeeiue eieeaeoeaiue i?aai, i?eioeeieaeueii iiaue
iaaeaeoia?iaeiue iaoaieci, niiniaiue iia?aoeaii oie/oiaeaoue aacu
oa??i?enoia e eaaa?y eo iiaeaioiaee ii anaio ie?o. Oaea auneacuaaeanue
eaeay nicaeaiey iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiie nenoaiu, iauaaeeiythuae
aioeoa??i?enoe/aneea neeu iiiaeo ainoaea?noa, a ninoaa eioi?ie iiaee au
aoiaeeoue oi?aaeai/aneay, eioi?iaoeeiiii-aiaeeoe/aneay,
?acaaaeuaaoaeueiay, eiio?ieueii-oeiainiaay,
eiio?ieueii-i?iiaaaiaeenoneay e neeiaay no?oeoo?u — niioaaonoaothuei
ia?acii iiaeaioiaeaiiua e yeeie?iaaiiua eiio?oa??i?enoe/aneea
iiae?acaeaeaiey, niiniaiua a e?ao/aeoea n?iee i?eauoue a ethaie ?aaeii
ie?a e yooaeoeaii auiieieoue caaea/o ii eeeaeaeaoeee oa??i?enoia. E,
eiia/ii aea, ana aioeoa??i?enoe/aneea aeaenoaey i?aaeiieaaatho a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue oaniaeoaa nio?oaeie/anoai niaoeeaeueiuo neoaea — iia?aoeaiia
eioi?ie?iaaiea, nicaeaiea aaeeiiai aaiea aeaiiuo e eioi?iaoeeiiiiai
i?ino?ainoaa. I?e/ai, iaeiie ec aeaaiuo caaea/ niaoeneoaea aeieaeii
noaoue ?aiiaa i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea e i?ioeeaeoeea oa??i?ecia.
Aianoa n oai, aeoiaaony, ioaeia oe?ieay iaaeainoaea?noaaiiay iieeoeea,
aeeth/athuay ia oieueei iia?aoeaiua e niaoeeaeueiua ia?u, ii oaeaea
iieeoe/aneea, yeiiiie/aneea, oeiainiaua, nioeeaeueiua e ainieoaoaeueiua.
Oau, aiaiiay iiuue a ai?ueaa n oa??i?eciii ea?aao oioue e aaaeioth, ii
yaii ia ia?ainoaiaiioth ?ieue.
*oi aea eanaaony ?innee, ooo aiiaue oioaeinue au ia?aoeoueny e
iineianeiio oa?aeoo aaiaeu Aa?aaaa a ieoya?a 2002 aiaea. Aia?aua oiaaea
ainoaea?noaaiiua aeanoe ia iioee ia iiaiaeo o oa??i?enoia. Aeey aiene,
caiyouo a aioeoa??i?enoe/aneie ai?ueaa, nai ii naaa yoio oaeo eiaao
ia?iiiaeoaa cia/aiea. Oaaea?aeueiua aienea e niaoeneoaeau i?eia?aee
iaeiiaoe oaa?aiiinoue a naieo aeaenoaeyo. Neiae?ii Aoaeaiiianea — eiaaea
iieeoeee aanoea?aiiiii aiaoeaaeenue a aeaenoaey neeiaeeia e ee/ii
au/a?/eaaee iooe yaaeoaoeee oa??i?enoia — aaconeiaii, i?aiaeieai. A
ieoya?a 2002 aiaea a Iineaa i?aceaeaio e aeaaa i?aaeoaeuenoaa no?aiu
eeoue ii?aaeaeeee iauoth eiioeaioeeth aeaenoaee ii eeeaeaeaoeee
iiiai/eneaiiie aaiaeu caoaao/eeia ie?iuo ethaeae, iieiinoueth
aeiaa?eaoenue i?ioanneiiaeai. E oai oaeaeinue i?aaeioa?aoeoue naiia
no?aoiia — aeaaeue anao ethaeae, iaoiaeeaoeony a caieie?iaaiiii
Oaao?aeueiii oeaio?a ia Aeoa?iaea. A ?acoeueoaoa iia?aoeee, i?iaaaeaiiie
?inneeneeie niaoeneoaeaaie, iiyaeeanue oaa?aeay oaa?aiiinoue, /oi «anai
ie?ii» iiaeii-oaee iiaaaeeoue oa??i?enoia.
Aanueia iieacaoaeueia a yoii ieaia ia?aay ?aaeoeey aeaau ?inneeneiai
ainoaea?noaa ia eeeaeaeaoeeth aaiaeu Aa?aaaa: ei i?eiyoi ?aoaiea
ia?aiaoeaeeoue Aii?oaeaiiua neeu ?O ia aioeoa??i?enoe/aneoth ai?ueao.
«Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue oa??i?eci iaaeaao. Aaaeao naay ana aieaa aeanoiei. Oi
oai, oi caeanue a ie?a ?acaeathony oa?icu ni noi?iiu oa??i?enoia ii
i?eiaiaieth n?aaenoa, niiinoaaeiuo ni n?aaenoaaie ianniaiai
oie/oiaeaiey. ss n iieiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth oi/o cayaeoue, —
iiae/a?eioe Aeaaeeie? Aeaaeeie?iae/ Iooei, — /oi anee eoi-oi oioy au
iiiuoaaony eniieueciaaoue iiaeiaiua n?aaenoaa a ioiioaiee iaoae no?aiu,
oi ?inney aoaeao ioaa/aoue ia?aie, aaeaeaaoiuie oa?ica, ii anai ianoai,
aaea iaoiaeyony naie oa??i?enou, i?aaiecaoi?u i?anooieaiee, eo eaeaeiua
e oeiainiaua aaeioiiaeoaee».
A cayaeaiee I?aceaeaioa ?O i?icao/aee oiaaea neiaa e i iaiaoiaeeiinoe
?aaeeeaeueiiai ia?ano?iaiey anae nenoaiu aioo?aiiae e aiaoiae
aaciianiinoe, ainnoaiiaeaiey aianiiniaiinoe nianoaaiii a?iee e oeioa, a
oaeaea i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia e niaoeneoaea.
Aeoiaaony, /oi i?aaeaea anaai aoaeao ia?auaii naiia na?ueaciia aieiaiea
ia ia?aaii?oaeaiea a?iaeneeo /anoae e iiae?acaeaeaiee. A ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue Iauaaeeiaiiie a?oiie?iaea aiene (nee) ia Naaa?iii Eaaeaca,
iai?eia?, o?aaoaony oaoieea aeey aaaeaiey aiaauo aeaenoaee a oneiaeyo
ia?aie/aiiie aeaeeiinoe, nia?aiaiiua n?aaenoaa ?acaaaeee e nayce,
aunieioi/iia i?oaeea e iiiaia ae?oaia. Aaconeiaii, aaaeii aianoe
na?ueaciua ei??aeoeau a iia?aoeaii-oaeoe/aneoth iiaeaioiaeo aiene e
i?iaaaeaieth aioeoa??i?enoe/aneeo aeaenoaee. Oi/aony aa?eoue, /oi aoaeoo
oneeaiu niaoe-neoaeau, i?aaeaea anaai iiae?acaeaeaiey, iaoeaeaiiua ia
ai?ueao n oa??i?ii, aaaioo?ioth ?aaioo.
Oa??i?ecio iaaei i?ioeaiiinoaaeoue neeo ainoaea?noaa. Ia oa??i?
iaiaoiaeeii ianooiaoue, a ia oieueei iai?iiyoueny io iaai. Ai?ueao n
oa??i?eciii ioaeii i?aaieciaaoue oae, /oiau aiyeenue ia
aeia?iii?yaei/iua a?aaeaeaia, a aaiaeeou. Yoi iie aeieaeiu eniuouaaoue
no?ao e oaean ia?aae iaioa?aoeiinoueth iaeacaiey, ia?aae caeiiaie,
ia?aae anae iiuueth ainoaea?noaaiiie iaoeiu.
NIENIE ENIIEUeCIAAIIIE EEOA?AOO?U:
1. O?ioaa A. «Iiy aieia.*a/aineee aeiaaiee ieiiiiai aaia?aea»./
Aaa?eon2001a.
2. O?ioaa A. «*a/aineee ?aoeeaeea. Caienee eiiaiaeothuaai»./ Aaa?eon
2003 a.
3. Noania Ae. «*a/aineee Iaoethn: Oeoaiee oiieo naieo». Noaouey ec
aacaou «Ie? e?eieiaea». / Iineaa 2001a.
4. Ianoa?iaa N. «Aanaaao ia niineoue aieiau?» Noaouey ec aacaou
«AEeouea-Auouea» /
Aaeai?iae 2000 a.
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