Iaaeoeieueiue o/aaiue eiiaeiao ? 1
« Ia?iai »
Yecaiaiaoeeiiiue ?aoa?ao ii eo?no: «Iniiau aeioeieueiiai
ainieoaiey»
Oaia: «Cia/aiea ea?u aeey ananoi?iiiaai ?acaeoey ?aa?iea»
O/aieea 11 «A» oeieu ? 810
Nei?eeia Na?aay
I?aiiaeaaaoaeue: O?aei?iaa Aeaia Aeaenaiae?iaia
Ieai
1 Anooieaiea
2 Nthaeaoii-?ieaaua ea?u.
1 Naiaia?acea nthaeaoii-?ieaauo ea?.
2 N?aaenoaa ecia?aaeaiey a ea?a.
3 ?oeiaiaenoai nthaeaoii-?ieaaie ea?ie.
3 Ea?u-ae?aiaoecaoeee e ?oeiaiaenoai eie.
4 No?ieoaeueiua ea?u.
1 Naiaia?acea no?ieoaeueiuo ea?. Eo ainieoaoaeueiia aeeyiea.
2 No?ieoaeueiua ea?u n i?e?iaeiuie iaoa?eaeaie e ?oeiaiaenoai
eie.
3 ?oeiaiaenoai no?ieoaeueiuie ea?aie.
4 O?aiaiea no?ieoaeueiiai iaoa?eaea e iieueciaaiea ei.
5 Aeeaeaeoe/aneea ea?u.
1 Naiaia?acea aeeaeaeoe/aneeo ea?.
2 Iaaeaaiae/aneay oeaiiinoue aeeaeaeoe/aneeo ea?
3 ?oeiaiaenoai aeeaeaeoe/aneeie ea?aie.
6 Ianoieueiua ea?u-iiniaey.
7 Iiaeaeaeiua ea?u n i?aaeeaie.
Anooieaiea.
Ea?u ?acee/athony ii niaea?aeaieth, oa?aeoa?iui iniaaiiinoyi, ii
oiio, eaeia ianoi iie caieiatho a aeecie aeaoae, a eo ainieoaiee e
iao/aiee.
Nthaeaoii-?ieaaua ea?u nicaeatho naie aeaoe i?e iaeioi?ii
?oeiaiaenoaa ainieoaoaey. Iniiaie eo yaeyaony aeaoneay
naiiaeayoaeueiinoue. Eiiaaea oaeea ea?u iacuaatho oai?/aneeie
nthaeaoii-?ieaauie, iiae/a?eeaay, /oi aeaoe ia i?inoi eiie?otho oa eee
eiua aeaenoaey, a oai?/anee eo iniuneeaatho e aini?iecaiaeyo a
nicaeaaaaiuo ia?acao, ea?iauo aeaenoaeyo. ?aciiaeaeiinoueth
nthaeaoii-?ieaauo ea? yaeythony no?ieoaeueiua ea?u.
A i?aeoeea ainieoaiey eniieuecothony e ea?u n i?aaeeaie, nicaeaaaaiua
aeey aeaoae ac?ineuie. E ea?ai n i?aaeeaie ioiinyony aeeaeaeoe/aneea,
iiaeaeaeiua, ea?u-caaaau. A iniiaa eo eaaeeo /aoei ii?aaeae?iiia
i?ia?aiiiia niaea?aeaiea, aeeaeaeoe/aneea caaea/e, oeaeaiai?aaeaiiinoue
iao/aiey. Naiiaeayoaeueiinoue aeaoae i?e yoii ia eneeth/aaony, ii iia a
aieueoae ia?a ni/aoaaony n ?oeiaiaenoaii ainieoaoaey. I?e iaeaaeaiee
iiuoii ea?u, ?acaeoea niiniaiinoe e naiii?aaiecaoeee aeaoe i?iaiaeyo e
yoe ea?u naiinoiyoaeueii.
Naiaia?acea nthaeaoii-?ieaauo ea?.
?ieaaay, eee oae iacuaaaiay oai?/aneay ea?a aeaoae aeioeieueiiai
aic?anoa a ?acaeoii aeaea i?aaenoaaeyao aeayoaeueiinoue, a eioi?ie aeaoe
aa?oo ia naay ?iee (ooieoeee) ac?ineuo e a iauanoaaiiie oi?ia a
niaoeeaeueii nicaeaaaaiuo ea?iauo oneiaeyo aini?iecaiaeyo
aeayoaeueiinoue ac?ineuo e ioiioaiey iaaeaeo ieie. Aeey yoeo oneiaee
oa?aeoa?ii eniieueciaaiea ?aciiia?aciuo ea?iauo i?aaeiaoia, caiauathueo
aeaenoaeoaeueiua i?aaeiaou aeayoaeueiinoe ac?ineuo.
Naiiaeayoaeueiue oa?aeoa? ea?iaie aeayoaeueiinoe aeaoae caeeth/aaony a
oii, /oi iie aini?iecaiaeyo oa eee eiua yaeaiey, aeaenoaey, ioiioaiey
aeoeaii e naiaia?acii. Naiaia?acea iaoneiaeaii iniaaiiinoyie aini?eyoey
aeaoae, iiieiaiey e iniuneaiey eie oao eee eiuo oaeoia, yaeaiee, naycae,
iaee/eai eee ionoonoaeai iiuoa e iaiin?aaenoaaiiinoueth /oanoa.
Oai?/aneee oa?aeoa? ea?iaie aeayoaeueiinoe i?iyaeyaony a oii, /oi
?aa?iie eae au ia?aaiieiuaaony a oiai, eiai ii ecia?aaeaao, e a oii, /oi
aa?y a i?aaaeo ea?u, nicaea?o iniaoth ea?iaoth aeeciue e ene?aiia
?aaeoaony e iai?/aaony ii oiaeo ea?u. Aeoeaiue eioa?an e yaeaieyi
aeecie, e ethaeyi, aeeaioiui, iio?aaiinoue a iauanoaaiii cia/eiie
aeayoaeueiinoe ?aa?iie oaeiaeaoai?yao /a?ac ea?iaua aeaenoaey.
Ea?a, eae e neacea, o/eo ?aa?iea i?iieeaoueny iuneyie e /oanoaaie
ecia?aaeaaiuo ethaeae, auoiaey ca e?oa iauaeaiiuo aia/aoeaiee a aieaa
oe?ieee ie? /aeiaa/aneeo no?aieaiee e aa?ie/aneeo iinooieia.
A ?acaeoee e iaiaauaiee naiiaeayoaeueiinoe aeaoae, oai?/aneiai
aini?iecaaaeaiey e io?aaeaiey oaeoia e yaeaiee ie?oaeathuae aeecie
ia?iiiay ?ieue i?eiaaeeaaeeo aiia?aaeaieth. Eiaiii neeith aiia?aaeaiey
nicaeathony neooaoeee ea?u, ia?acu, aini?iecaiaeeiua a iae,
aiciiaeiinoue ni/aoaoue ?aaeueiia, iau/iia n auiuoeaiiui, /oi e i?eaea?o
aeaoneie ea?a i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue, eioi?ay i?enoua oieueei ae.
A nthaeaoii-?ieaauo ea?ao io/?oeeai aunooiaao iioeienoe/aneee,
aeeciaooaa?aeaeathuee oa?aeoa?, naiua o?oaeiua aeaea a ieo anaaaea
caeai/eaathony oniaoii e aeaaiiieo/ii: eaieoaiu i?iaiaeyo ei?aaee
neaicue ooi?iu e ao?e, iia?aie/ieee caaea?aeeaatho ia?ooeoaeae, aeieoi?
ecea/eaaao aieueiuo.
A oai?/aneie nthaeaoii-?ieaaie ea?a ?aa?iie aeoeaii ainnicaea?o,
iiaeaee?oao yaeaiey ?aaeueiie aeecie, ia?aaeeaaao eo e yoi iaiieiyao aai
aeeciue aiaaoui niaea?aeaieai, inoaaeyy neaae ia aeieaea aiaeu.
N?aaenoaa ecia?aaeaiey a ea?a.
A nthaeaoii-?ieaaie ea?a n?aaenoaii ecia?aaeaiey yaeythony ?ieue e
ea?iaua aeaenoaey. Ii naiaio oa?aeoa?o iie /aua anaai auaatho
iiae?aaeaoaeueiuie, aeeceeie e ?aaeueiui.
Aieueoia ianoi a ?acaeoea ea?u i?eiaaeeaaeeo nthaeaoii-ia?aciui
ea?ooeai, eioi?ua yaeythony eae au aniiiiaaoaeueiuie e aianoa n oai
iaiaoiaeeiuie n?aaenoaaie ecia?aaeaiey. Aeaoe iieiaa ioia?aaeatho oa eee
eiua yaeaiey, aoiaeyo a ?ieue, anee i?aaeinoaaeyoue aiciiaeiinoue
eniieueciaaoue ?aaeueiua i?aaeiaou: ciiou, noiee, iaeaaeaeo iinoaeo,
oneiaiua ciaee e o.i., a oae aea ea?oeiu, oioia?aoee, eeethno?aoeee,
oneeeaathuea neooaoeeth ea?u. Iai?eia?, ioaeaeu iaaaceia iaicia/athony
niioaaonoaothueie ecia?aaeaieyie, eioi?ua yaeythony eae au auaaneaie
(o?oeou, iaiue, ea?ooee, iaeaaeaea e ae?.). A ea/anoaa ecia?aceoaeueiuo
n?aaenoa eniieuecothony e oaao?aeueiua einothiu.
Iaeiaei naia oaioacey, auaeoiea, niiniaiinoue aiia?aceoue,
aeiiuneeoue /anoi ainiieiytho ionoonoaea ?aaeueiuo i?aaeiaoia e n?aaenoa
ecia?aaeaiey.
?oeiaiaenoai nthaeaoii-?ieaaie ea?ie
?oeiaiaenoai yoei aeaeii ea? o?aaoao aieueoiai ianoa?noaa e
iaaeaaiae/aneiai oaeoa. Ainieoaoaeue aeieaeai iai?aaeyoue ea?o, ia
?ac?ooay a?, nio?aiyoue naiiaeayoaeueiue e oai?/aneee oa?aeoa? ea?iaie
aeayoaeueiinoe aeaoae, iaiin?aaenoaaiiinoue ia?aaeeaaiee, aa?o a i?aaaeo
ea?u.
Iaaeaaia aeeyao ia ea?iaie caiunae e aai ?acaeoea, iaiaauay
niaea?aeaiea aeecie aeaoae: ?anoe?yao eo i?aaenoaaeaiea i o?oaea e auoa
ac?ineuo, i acaeiiioiioaieyo ethaeae e oai naiui eiie?aoece?oao
niaea?aeaiea oie eee eiie ea?iaie ?iee. Ana yoe niiniau ia i?yii
aicaeaenoaotho ia ea?o, a iai?aaeaiu ia ana aieaa aeoaieia ?ane?uoea oao
enoi/ieeia, ec eioi?uo aeaoe /a?iatho a? niaea?aeaiea, ia iaiaauaiea eo
aeooiaiiai ie?a.
Iaeiaei a ?anoe?aiee ciaiee e i?aaenoaaeaiee o aeioeieueieeia
iaiaoiaeeii niaethaeaoue ia?o. Ia?aecauoie aia/aoeaiee iiaeao i?eaanoe e
iiaa?oiinoiiio io?aaeaieth a ea?ao ianouanoaaiiiai, neo/aeiiai, e eo
iaonoie/eainoe, iaaeinoaoi/iie i?aaieciaaiiinoe.
Ainieoaoaeue ia aeieaeai niaoeoue, i?iaoaeaeay aeaoae e auno?iio
aini?iecaaaeaieth a ea?a oiai, /oi iie onaieee ai a?aiy aanaae,
yeneo?nee, ?anneacia e o.ae. Io?aaeaiea ie?oaeathuae aeecie a ea?a ia
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?yiiai aini?iecaaaeaiey onaiaiiiai niaea?aeaiey:
iii iaeioi?ia a?aiy eae au ionoaeaaaony a niciaiea e /oanoaao aeaoae.
Iaaeaaiae/aneia ?oeiaiaenoai a i?ioeanna ea?u eiaao naie iniaaiiinoe:
iii niinianoaoao ?acaeoeth a? caiunea, ?anoe?aieth niaea?aeaiey,
ooi/iaieth ea?iauo aeaenoaee, ?ieae, i?iyaeaieth aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiuo
ioiioaiee. Ainieoaoaeue aeieaeai no?aieoueny e oiio, /oiau yoe
ioiioaiey cae?aieyeenue, noaiiaeeenue ?aaeueiuie ioiioaieai aeaoae e aia
ea?u. ?oeiaiaenoai ea?ie ie a eiai neo/aa ia aeieaeii auoue iaayc/eaui,
aucuaaoue o aeioeieueieeia i?ioano, auoiae ec ea?u. Oianoiu iaaiaeyuea
aii?inu, niaaou, ?aeiiaiaeaoeee.
Iaaeaaia ieacuaaao ainieouaathuaa aicaeaenoaea /a?ac ?iee,
auiieiyaiua aeaoueie. Iai?eia?, ii ni?aoeaaao ?aaaiea, auiieiythuaai
?ieue caaaaeothuaai a ea?a a iaaacei, aaea eanna, eoi eanne?, ii/aio iao
oao eee eiuo i?aaeiaoia, oaeiaii ee iieoiaoaeth aua?aoue oi, /oi ii
oi/ao eoieoue, eoi aoaeao caa??ouaaoue iieoiee, iiaeneacuaaao, /oi
iieoiaoaee aeaaiaea?yo i?iaeaaoea, a i?iaeaaaoe aaaeeeai i?eaeaoaao
i?eoiaeeoue a iaaacei ca iieoieaie.
Iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiui niiniaii ?oeiaiaenoaa yaeyaony o/anoea naiiai
iaaeaaiaa a ea?a. *a?ac auiieiyaioth ei ?ieue, ea?iaua aeaenoaey ii
aicaeaenoaoao ia ?acaeoea niaea?aeaiey ea?u, iiiiaaao aeeth/aieth a ia?
anao aeaoae, iniaaiii ?iaeeo, canoai/eauo, i?iaoaeaeaao o ieo
oaa?aiiinoue a naieo neeao, aucuaaao /oanoai neiiaoee e iei ni noi?iiu
ae?oaeo aeaoae.
Ii ieii/aiee ea?u ainieoaoaeue ioia/aao ae?oaeiua aeaenoaey aeaoae,
noa?oeo i?eaeaeatho e ianoaeaeaieth ea?u, iiae/a?eeaaao iieiaeeoaeueiua
ioiioaiey a? o/anoieeia. An? yoi niinianoaoao ?acaeoeth eioa?ana o
aeaoae e iineaaeothuei ea?ai.
Iaaeaaia aeieaeai i?iaiaeece?iaaoue i?iaaae?iioth ea?o, ioeaieoue a?
ainieoaoaeueiia aicaeaenoaea ia aeaoae e iaaeoiaoue niiniau
aeaeueiaeoaai ?oeiaiaenoaa nthaeaoii-?ieaauie ea?aie aeaoae naiae
a?oiiu, ainieoaiey o ieo eieeaeoeaiuo ia/ae.
Ea?u-ae?aiaoecaoeee e ?oeiaiaenoai eie.
A ea?ao- ae?aiaoecaoeeyo niaea?aeaiea, ?iee, ea?iaua aeaenoaey
iaoneiaeaiu nthaeaoii e niaea?aeaieai oiai eee eiiai eeoa?aoo?iiai
i?iecaaaeaiey, neacee e o.i. Iie noiaeiu n nthaeaoii – ?ieaauie ea?aie:
a iniiaa oao e ae?oaeo oneiaiia aini?iecaaaeaiea yaeaiey, aeaenoaee e
acaeiiioiioaiee ethaeae e o.ae., a oaeaea eiathony yeaiaiou oai?/anoaa.
Naiaia?acea ea? ae?aiaoecaoeee caeeu/aaony a oii, /oi ii nthaeaoo neacee
eee ?anneaca aeaoe eniieiytho ii?aaeae?iiua ?iee, aini?iecaiaeyo niauoey
a oi/iie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe.
*aua anaai iniiaie ea? – ae?aiaoecaoeee yaeythony neacee. A neaceao
ia?acu aa?iaa i/a?/aiu iaeaieaa y?ei, iie i?aaeaeatho aeaoae
aeeiaie/iinoueth e yniie iioeae?iaaiiinoueth iinooieia, aeaenoaey /?oei
niaiytho iaeii ae?oaia e aeioeieueieee ioioii aini?iecaiaeyo eo. Eaaei
ae?aiaoece?othony ethaeiua aeaoueie ia?iaeiua neacee “?aiea”, “Eieiaie”,
“Oa?aiie”, “O?e iaaeaaaey” e ae?. A ea?ao ae?aiaoecaoeeyo eniieuecothony
e noeoioai?aiey n aeeaeiaaie, aeaaiaea?y eioi?ui nicaea?ony
aiciiaeiinoue aini?iecaiaeeoue niaea?aeaiea ii ?ieyi.
N iiiiuueth ea? – ae?aiaoecaoeee aeaoe eo/oa onaaeaatho eaeaeiia
niaea?aeaiea i?iecaaaeaiey, eiaeeo e iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue niauoee, eo
?acaeoea e i?e/eiioth iaoneiaeaiiinoue.
Aeey ?aca??ouaaiey ea? – ae?aiaoecaoeee iaiaoiaeeiu: aicaoaeaeaiea e
?acaeoea eioa?ana e iei o aeaoae, ciaiea ?aayoaie niaea?aeaiey e oaenoa
i?iecaaaeaiey, iaee/ea einothia, ea?ooae. Einothi a ea?ao aeiiieiyao
ia?ac, ii ia aeieaeai noaniyoue ?aa?iea. Anee iaeuecy naeaeaoue einothi,
ioaeii eniieueciaaoue ioaeaeueiua aai yeaiaiou, oa?aeoa?ecothuea
ioaeaeueiua i?eciaee oiai eee eiiai ia?niiaaea: a?aaaoie iaoooea, oaino
eenu, ooe cae/eea e o.i. E ecaioiaeaieth einothiia oi?ioi i?eaeaeaoue
naieo aeaoae.
?oeiaiaenoai ainieoaoaey caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi ii i?aaeaea anaai
iiaeae?aao i?iecaaaeaiey, eiathuea ainieoaoaeueiia cia/aiea, nthaeao
eioi?uo aeaoyi iao?oaeii onaieoue e i?aa?aoeoue a ea?o –
ae?aiaoecaoeeth.
N aeioeieueieeaie ia neaaeoao niaoeeaeueii ?aco/eaaoue neaceo.
I?ae?aniue ycue, oaeaeaoaeueiue nthaeao, iiaoi?u a oaenoa, aeeiaieea
?acaeoey aeaenoaey – an? yoi niinianoaoao auno?iio a? onaiaieth. I?e
iiaoi?iii ?anneacuaaiee neacee aeaoe aeaoe aeinoaoi/ii oi?ioi a?
caiiieiatho e ia/eiatho aeeth/aoueny a ea?o, auiieiyy ?iee ioaeaeueiuo
ia?niiaaeae. Ea?ay, ?aa?iie iaiin?aaenoaaiii au?aaeaao naie /oanoaa a
neiaa, aeanoa, ieieea, eioiiaoeee.
A ea?a – ae?aiaoecaoeee ia iaaei iieacuaaoue ?aa?ieo oa eee eiua
au?aceoaeueiua i?e?iu: ea?a aeey iaai aeieaeia auoue eiaiii ea?ie.
Aieueoia cia/aiea a ?acaeoee ea?u-ae?aiaoecaoeee , a onaiaiee
oa?aeoa?iuo /a?o ia?aca e io?aaeaiee eo a ?iee eiaao eioa?an e iae
naiiai iaaeaaiaa, aai oiaiea iieueciaaoueny n?aaenoaaie ooaeiaeanoaaiiie
au?aceoaeueiinoe i?e /oaiee eee ?anneacuaaiee. I?aaeeueiue ?eoi,
?aciiia?aciua eioiiaoeee, iaocu, iaeioi?ua aeanou iaeeaeytho ia?acu,
aeaeatho eo aeeceeie aeaoyi, aicaoaeaeatho o ieo aeaeaiea ea?aoue. ?ac
ca ?acii iiaoi?yy ea?o, ?aayoa an? iaiueoa ioaeaeathony a iiiiue
ainieoaoaey e ia/eiatho aeaenoaiaaoue naiinoiyoaeueii. A ea?a
ae?aiaoecaoeee iaeiia?aiaiii iiaoo o/anoaiaaoue oieueei ianeieueei
/aeiaae, e iaaeaaia aeieaeai naeaeaoue oae, /oiau ana aeaoe iii/a??aeii
auee a? o/anoieeaie.
Noa?oea aeioeieueieee i?e ?ani?aaeaeaiee ?ieae o/eouaatho eioa?anu,
aeaeaiey ae?oa ae?oaa, a eiiaaea i?eiaiytho n/eoaeeo. Ii e ooo
iaiaoiaeeii iaeioi?ia aeeyiea ainieoaoaey: iaaei aucaaoue ae?oaeaethaiia
ioiioaiea o naa?noieeia e ?iaeei aeaoyi, iiaeneacaoue, eaeea ?iee ei
iiaeii ii?o/eoue.
Iiiiaay aeaoyi onaieoue niaea?aeaiea ea?u, aieoe a ia?ac,
ainieoaoaeue eniieuecoao ?anniao?eaaiea eeethno?aoeee e eeoa?aoo?iui
i?iecaaaeaieyi , ooi/iyao iaeioi?ua oa?aeoa?iua /a?ou ia?niiaaeae,
auyniyao ioiioaiea aeaoae e ea?a.
Naiaia?acea no?ieoaeueiuo ea?.
Eo ainieoaoaeueiia aeeyiea.
No?ieoaeueiay ea?a – yoi oaeay aeayoaeueiinoue aeaoae, iniiaiui
niaea?aeaieai eioi?ie yaeyaony io?aaeaiea ie?oaeathuae aeecie a ?aciuo
iino?ieeao e naycaiiuo n ieie aeaenoaeyo.
No?ieoaeueiay ea?a a iaeioi?ie noaiaie noiaeia n nthaeaoii-?ieaaie e
?anniao?eaaaony eae a? ?aciiaeaeiinoue. O ieo iaeei enoi/iee –
ie?oaeathuay aeeciue. Aeaoe a ea?a no?iyo iinou, noaaeeiiu, aeaeaciua
aei?iae, oaao?u, oee?ee e iiiaia ae?oaia. A no?ieoaeueiuo ea?ao iie ia
oieueei ecia?aaeatho ie?oaeathuea i?aaeiaou, iino?ieee, eiie?oy eo, ii e
i?eaiinyo naie oai?/aneee caiunae, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia ?aoaiea
eiino?oeoeaiuo caaea/. Noiaenoai nthaeaoii-?ieaauo e no?ieoaeueiuo ea?
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi iie iauaaeeiytho aeaoae ia iniiaa iaueo
eioa?ania, niaianoiie aeayoaeueiinoe e yaeythony eieeaeoeaiuie.
?acee/ea iaaeaeo yoeie ea?aie ninoieo a oii, /oi nthaeaoii-?ieaaie
ea?a i?aaeaea anaai io?aaeathony ?aciiia?aciua yaeaiey e inaaeaathony
acaeiiioiioaiey iaaeaeo ethaeueie, a a no?ieoaeueiie iniiaiui yaeyaony
iciaeiieaiea n niioaaonoaothuae aeayoaeueiinoueth ethaeae, n i?eiaiyaiie
oaoieeie e a? eniieueciaaieai.
Ainieoaoaeth aaaeii o/eouaaoue acaeiinaycue, acaeiiaeaenoaea
nthaeaoii-?ieaaie e no?ieoaeueiie ea?u. No?ieoaeuenoai /anoi aicieeaao a
i?ioeanna nthaeaoii-?ieaaie ea?u e aucuaathony ath. Iia eae au caaea?o
oeaeue no?ieoaeueiie ea?u. Iai?eia?, aeaoe caaeoiaee ea?aoue a ii?yeia –
o ieo aicieeea iaiaoiaeeiinoue no?ieoue ia?ioiae; ea?a a iaaacei
iaecaaaeii o?aaoao aai iino?ieee o.ae. Iaeiaei no?ieoaeueiay ea?a iiaeao
aicieeaoue e eae naiinoiyoaeueiay, e oaea ia a? iniiaa ?acaeaaaony oa
eee eiay nthaeaoii-?ieaaay. Iai?eia? aeaoe no?iyo oaao?, a iioii ea?atho
a a?oenoia.
A noa?oeo a?oiiao aeaoe a oa/aiea aeeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie aicaiaeyo
aeiaieueii neiaeiua iino?ieee, i?aeoe/anee iinoeaay i?inoaeoea caeiiu
oeceee.
Ainieoaoaeueiia e ?acaeaathuaa aeeyiea no?ieoaeueiuo ea? caeeth/aii a
eaeaeiii niaea?aeaiee, io?aaeaaiuo a ieo yaeaiee, a iaeaaeaiee aeaoueie
niiniaaie no?ieoaeuenoaa, a ?acaeoea eo eiino?oeoeaiiai iuoeaiey,
iaiaauaiea ?a/e, oi?iuaiea iieiaeeoaeueiuo acaeiiioiioaiee. Eo aeeyiea
ia oinoaaiiia ?acaeoea ii?aaeaeyaony oai, /oi a caiunea, niaea?aeaiee
no?ieoaeueiuo ea? caeeth/aia oa eee eiay oinoaaiiay caaea/a, ?aoaiea
eioi?ie o?aaoao i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai iaaeoiuaaiey: /oi naeaeaoue, eaeie
ioaeai iaoa?eae, a eaeie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe aeieaeii eaeoe
no?ieoaeuenoai. Iaaeoiuaaiea e ?aoaiea oie eee eiie no?ieoaeueiie
caaea/e niinianoaoao ?acaeoey eiino?oeoeaiiai iuoeaiey.
A i?ioeanna no?ieoaeueiuo ea? ainieoaoaeue o/eo aeaoae iaaethaeaoue,
?acee/aoue, n?aaieaaoue, niioiineoue iaeie /anoe iino?iae n ae?oaeie,
caiiieiaoue e aini?iecaiaeeoue i?e?iu no?ieoaeuenoaa, nin?aaeioa/eaaoue
aieiaiea ia iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe aeaenoaee. Iiae aai ?oeiaiaenoaii
oeieueieee iaeaaeaaatho oi/iui neiaa??i, au?aaeathuei iacaaiea
aaiiao?e/aneeo oae, i?ino?ainoaaiiuo ioiioaiee: auniei iecei, iai?aai
iaeaai, aaa?o-aiec, aeeeiiue ei?ioeee, oe?ieee oceee, auoa ieaea,
aeeeiiaa ei?i/a e o.i.
No?ieoaeueiua ea?u eiatho aaaeiia cia/aiea aeey oece/aneiai
ainieoaiey aeioeieueieeia. A ieo i?iyaeyaony ?aciiia?aciay
aeaeaaoaeueiay aeoeaiinoue ?aa?iea, ?acaeaaaony eii?aeeiaoeey
aeaeaeaiee. Iniaia cia/aiea eiaao ?acaeoea iaeeeo iuooe ?oee, aeaciia?a.
Nii?oaeay iino?ieee ec e?oiiuo aeaoaeae, aeaoe i?eeaaatho aeinooiiua ei
oece/aneea oneeey, i?iyaeytho auiineeainoue.
Aeey no?ieoaeueiuo ea? nicaeaiu niaoeeaeueiua iaai?u iaoa?eaeia,
aeeth/athuea ?aciiia?aciua aaiiao?e/aneea oaea (eoau, a?onee, i?eciu,
oeeeeiae?u, eiionu, iieooa?uey), aeiiieieoaeueiua (ieanoeiu, aeinee,
a?ee, eieueoea, o?oau e o.ae.) e aniiiiaaoaeueiua iaoa?eaeu aeey
oe?aoaiey iino?iae.
A no?ieoaeueiuo ea?ao eniieuecothony e iau/iua, /aua anaai
nthaeaoii-ia?aciua ea?ooee, oe?iei i?eiaiythony e i?e?iaeiua iaoa?eaeu:
aeeia, ianie, niaa, eaiaoee, oeoee, o?inoiee e ae?.
?oeiaiaenoai no?ieoaeueiuie ea?aie.
Ainieoaoaeueiia e ?acaeaathuaa aicaeaenoaea no?ieoaeueiuo ea?
aeinoeaaaony eeoue oiaaea, eiaaea oeaeaiai?aaeaiiia iao/athuaa e
iai?aaeythuaa ?oeiaiaenoai ainieoaoaey i?aaeeueii ni/aoaaony n
naiiaeayoaeueiinoueth e aeoeaiinoueth aeaoae. I?e yoii ainieoaoaeue
inouanoaeyao neaaeothuea caaea/e:
a) ?anoe?aiea i?aaenoaaeaiee aeaoae e iai?aaeaiea eo aieiaiey ia
o?oae no?ieoaeae, eniieuecoaioth eie oaoieeo;
a) iao/aiea niiniaai no?ieoaeuenoaa, ainieoaiea e ?acaeoea
naiinoiyoaeueiinoe e aeoeaiinoe iuoeaiey, eiino?oeoeaii- oai?/aneeo
niiniaiinoae;
a) oi?ie?iaaiea o?oaeiethaey, ?acaeoea i?aaeeueiuo acaeiiioiioaiee
aeaoae, iauaaeeiaiea eo a ae?oaeiue eieeaeoea.
?oeiaiaenoai ainieoaoaey caeeth/aaony a nicaeaiee ea?iaie n?aaeu –
ioai?a no?ieoaeueiiai iaoa?eaea. Aeaoyi aeathony eoaeee, ee?ie/eee,
i?eciu, iicaeiaa – niaaeeiythuea aeinee, ieanoeiu. Ii ?acia?ai eoaeee e
ee?ie/e aeieaeiu auoue oaeeie, /oiau iaeuoe iiaee ioaaoeoue eo ?oeie.
Eiaaea ?aciaue?ony eii?aeeiaoeey aeaeaeaiee ?oe, iiaeii aeaaaoue e aieaa
e?oiiua eoau e ee?ie/e aeey iino?iae ia iieo, ia o/anoea. I?aaeii/oaiea
noieo ioaeaaaoue onoie/eaiio no?ieoaeueiiio iaoa?eaeo ec aea?aaa.
Ieanoianniaue no?ieoaeueiue iaoa?eae i/aiue e?aie, neieueceo a ?oeao,
iaeionoie/ea a iino?ieeao, a iiyoiio iie auno?aa ?ac?ooathony, /oi
aucuaaao iai?/aiea aeaoae.
Iaoa?eaea aeieaeii auoue aeinoaoi/ii aeey oiai, /oiau iiaee ea?aoue
ana aeaeathuea. A ea?ao aeaoae 2-3 eao iao caiunea eee nthaeaoa. Iaeuoae
i?eaeaeaao nai iaoa?eae. Iie ?acae?atho eoaeee e ee?ie/eee, ia?aiinyo,
ia?aeeaaeuaatho eo, a?iiicaeyo iaeei ia ae?oaie, ?ac?ooatho noeoeeii
aicieeoea iino?ieee. Aeaoe eae au inaaeaatho iaoa?eae. Ainieoaoaeue
aeieaeai oiaoue auaeaeaoue n?aaieoaeueii ei?ioeee ia?eiae oaeiai
ia?ae/iiai inaiaiey, ii ia caaea?aeeaaoue aai. Ioaeii i?aaeoi?aaeaeaoue
iai?aaieciaaiiia, ia niioaaonoaothuaa aai iacia/aieth iieueciaaiea
no?ieoaeueiui iaoa?eaeii, eiaaea iaeioi?ua aeaoe a?inatho eoaeee,
ee?ie/eee, eieioyo eie e o.i.
Ea?a ni no?ieoaeueiui iaoa?eaeii iaiaoiaeeii i?eaeaoue
niaea?aeaoaeueiue oa?aeoa?. Ie?oaeathuee aeaoae ie? au? neiaeai aeey
ieo. Iiyoiio iaeuoai 2-3 eao ainieoaoaeue i?aaeeaaaao aeinooiiue ei ie?
ea?ooae. Iano?aeaaiea ea?ooae e ninoaaeyao niaea?aeaiea no?ieoaeueiuo
ea? o ieaaeoeo aeaoae. Aeaoae iiaoaeaeatho no?ieoue aeey eoeie
nooeue/eee, e?iaaoee, aeey iaoooea e eioaaeee – aeai?eee, caai?/eee e
i?aaiecotho ia yoie iniiaa ea?u.
O iaeaiueeeo aeaoae au? iao iiuoa no?ieoaeuenoaa, iie ia iiaoo naie
no?ieoue. Ainieoaoaeue iiaeneacuaaao ei caiunae ?aaiou. Iai?eia?,
iieacuaaao ciaeiioth ea?ooeo – iaeaiueeoth eoeieeo, aiai?eo, /oi iia
onoaea e ni?aoeaaao, /oi ioaeii iino?ieoue ec eoaeeia aeey eoeieee,
/oiau iia iiaea ioaeioiooue (nooeue/ee, e?iaaoeo). Ec o??o eoaeeia ii
ooo aea aeaeaao nooeue/ee. ?aa?ieo ainieoaoaeue aea?o ei?iaeo- yue/ae, a
eioi?ii iaoiaeyony ea?ooee – eoeea, iaeaiueeee iaaeaaaeiiie e
no?ieoaeueiue iaoa?eae – eoaeee, ee?ie/eee a aeinoaoi/iii eiee/anoaa,
/oiau iino?ieoue aeaa-o?e nooeue/eea, e?iaaoeo. Aeaoe ?anniao?eaatho
ea?ooee e iaoa?eae. Iinea yoiai ainieoaoaeue i?aaeeaaaao no?ieoue aianoa
n iei, iieacuaay iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue i?e?iia e aeaenoaee, o/eo aeaoae
ia niaoeoue, noaaeoue eoaeee aeeo?aoii, iiiu?yao noa?aiea aeaoae e
au?aaeaao ?aaeinoue i?e eo oniaoao.
Iaaeaaia ia?auaao aieiaiea ia ie?oaeathuea i?aaeiaou e iino?ieee:
neaiaa/ee a naaeo, caai?/eee, ea?iaua aeiieee ia o/anoea, eanaiee,
iiaoaeaeaao io?aaeaoue aeaeaiiia a no?ieoaeueiuo ea?ao.
Aeey aeaoae 3-4 eao i?aaeoniao?eaaaony aeaeueiaeoea ?acaeoea eioa?ana
e no?ieoaeueiui ea?ai, eniieueciaaiea nicaeaiiuo iino?iae a nthaeaoii
?ieaauo ea?ao, ainieoaiea oiaiey no?ieoue ia oieueei ii i?aaeeiaeaiiiio
ia?acoeo, ii e ii iaia/aiiie naieie oaia, iao/aiea aieaa neiaeiui
i?e?iai ?aaiou.
Iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii ainieoaoaey ?aa?iie 4-5 eao niiniaai io?aaeaoue a
no?ieoaeueiie ea?a aia/aoeaiey ia ie?oaeathuai. O ieo anoue oaea e
iaiaoiaeeiue iiuo a aai iaeaieaa i?inouo oi?iao, oiaiea ea?aoue
iaaieueoeie eieeaeoeaaie, oiaiea ?ani?aaeaeyoue iaaeaeo niaie
no?ieoaeueiue iaoa?eae, iicaieythuee i?iecaiaeeoue aieaa neiaeiua
iino?ieee.
Aeaoe 4-5 eao au? ia iiaoo naiinoiyoaeueii io?aceoue a no?ieoaeueiie
ea?a oi, /oi iie aeaeaee. Ainieoaoaeue, eniieuecoy ia?acaoe iino?ieee
iauyniyao, /oi eaaeaeia caeaiea eiaao iniiaaiea – ooiaeaiaio, ia eioi?ii
aicaiaeyony noaiu. Aianoa n aeaoueie ioae?aao ioaeiue iaoa?eae, e iie
iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii iaaeaaiaa aeieaeiu oeeaaeuaaoue ooiaeaiaio. Aeaeaa
aicaiaeyony noaiu, aeaeathony ieia e o.ae. Nii?oaeay iino?ieeo niaianoii
n ainieoaoaeai, aeioeieueieee inaaeaatho iauea iniiau no?ieoaeuenoaa ia
oieueei caeaiee, ii e iinoia, iaoei, ia?ioiaeia e o.ae. Ii ia?a
iaeaaeaiey iniiaaie no?ieoaeuenoaa ii o/eo eo auae?aoue oaio,
ii?aaeaeyoue iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue aicaaaeaiey iino?ieee: n /aai
ia/eiaoue, eae i?iaeieaeaoue, /ai caeii/eoue a?.
Aeaoae iiaoaeaeatho ioeaieaaoue naeaeaiiia, iaia/aoue aa?eaiou aai
eniieueciaaiey a nthaeaoii-?ieaaie ea?a, i?aaeeaaaoue iaiaoiaeeiua
eciaiaiey e aeiiieiaiey.
Oaeei ia?acii, a i?ioeanna ?oeiaiaenoaa no?ieoaeueiuie ea?aie aeaoae
yoiai aic?anoa ?anoe?ythony eo i?aaenoaaeaiey ia ie?oaeathuai, eioi?ua
iie eniieuecotho a ea?a. Oeaeaniia?acii iao/aoue aeaoae no?ieoaeueiui
i?eaiai iooai eniieueciaaiey ia?acoea e niaianoiie n ainieoaoaeai
iino?ieee, oi?aaeiaiee a iiaoi?iuo ciaeiiuo no?ieoaeueiuo ea?ao.
Iaaeaaia aeieaeai oaeoe/ii iiiiaaoue aeaoyi a naiinoiyoaeueiii auai?a
nthaeaoia no?ieoaeueiuo ea?.
Aeey aeaoae 5-6 eao i?ia?aiia i?aaeoniao?eaaao iao/aiea
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiio ieaie?iaaieth no?ieoaeueiuo ea?, iinoaiiaea oeaee
ea?u, i?eiaiaiea eiino?oeoeaii-no?ieoaeueiuo oiaiee ia oieueei ii
iaaeyaeiiio ia?acoeo, ii e ii ?enoieai, oioia?aoeyi ?acee/iuo
nii?oaeaiee.
?oeiaiaenoai ea?aie noa?oeo aeaoae a aieueoae ia?a iai?aaeaiii ia
ni/aoaiea eioaeeaeooaeueiie e i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe. Ainieoaoaeue
o/eo eo iaaeoiuaaoue i?aaenoiyuea ea?iaua aeaenoaey, n?aaieaaoue iaeii n
ae?oaei, ?acaeaaao niia?aceoaeueiinoue, iiiu?yao aeiaaaeeo, iiaoaeaeaao
i?aoai?youe a aeeciue i?eiyoia ?aoaiea.
Aeey noa?oeo aeioeieueieeia ?aeiiaiaeothony ?aciiia?aciua
no?ieoaeueiua iaoa?eaeu. Neaaeoao iieacaoue ei, eae iieueciaaoueny oai
eee eiui ec ieo, eae niaaeeiyoue ioaeaeueiua /anoe, aeiee, eae aeaeaoue
iino?ieee iiaeaeaeiuie, i?i/iuie, e?aneauie.
?acaeoea niaea?aeaiey ea?u ii?aaeaeyaony aiaaonoaii, yniinoueth,
io/?oeeainoueth aia/aoeaiee aeaoae io ie?oaeathuae aeecie. Iieacuaay ei
neiaeiua iino?ieee (aeeeua aeiia, aiecaeu, oaao?u, i?enoaie e o.ae.),
ainieoaoaeue ia?auaao aieiaiea aeaoae ia iauee aeae caeaiee, ?ane?uaaao
niioaaonoaai a?oeoaeoo?iuo iniaaiiinoae eo iacia/aieth, o/eo auaeaeyoue
ioaeaeueiua /anoe, oeacuaaao ia neiiao?eth, eiio?anou. Aeioeieueieeia
iao/atho oaeaea “/eoaoue” ecia?aaeaiey (oioia?aoee, ?enoiee), o.a.
auaeaeyoue a ieo iauaa, iniiaiia, /anoe e o.ae.
C?eoaeueiue aiaeec iiiiaaao aeaoyi aeoaaea caia/aoeaoue iniaaiiinoe
?anniao?eaaaiiai nii?oaeaiey, ninoaaeoue i i?i i?aaenoaaeaiey, caoai
eniieueciaaoue aai eae iniiao a no?ieoaeueiie ea?a.
Aeey noa?oeo aeaoae aieueoia cia/aiea i?eia?aoaao neiai. Oae,
enoi/ieeii caiunea e niaea?aeaiey no?ieoaeueiie ea?u eiiaaea yaeyaony
?anneac ainieoaoaey. Ii niiauaao ?aa?ieo i oeaee ea?u,
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe ea?iauo aeaenoaee, iiaeaea?aeeaaao eioa?aniua
i?aaeeiaeaiey, e?eoe/aneea caia/aiey, yoi ?acaeaaao o ?aa?iea
naiinoiyoaeueiinoue iunee e iienea.
Ni noa?oeie aeaoueie aiciiaeii ianoaeaeaiea oiaea no?ieoaeueiie ea?u,
ea/anoaa aeaenoaee a? o/anoieeia, oae eae iie no?aiyony oi?ioi
auiieiyoue iaiaoiaeeiua aeaenoaey , iieo/atho oaeiaieuenoaea io
caneoaeaiiie iioaaeu e niiniaiu o/anoue e?eoe/aneea caia/aiey.
Iiiaea no?ieoaeueiua ea?u iai?aaeaiu ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea
iiciaaaoaeueiuo eioa?ania aeioeieueieeia. No?aieaiea e oi/iinoe
i?eaiaeeo e iaeioi?iio nieaeaieth ea?iaie oneiaiinoe. ?aa?iie oi/ao,
/oiau ea?iaay iino?ieea auea iioiaea ia ianoiyuoth. Noiaenoai n
ecia?aaeaaiui ?aaeueiui nii?oaeaieai, ioiineoaeueiay ianooaaiinoue,
aeaei?aoeaiinoue, ooaeiaeanoaaiiay au?aceoaeueiinoue yaeythony aeey iaai
e?eoa?eyie i?aaeeueiinoe eiino?oe?iaaiey.
Eioa?anu ?aa?iea 5-6 eao, aai aiciiaeiinoe i?aaeuyaeytho e
?oeiaiaenoao no?ieoa eueiaie ea?aie aieueoea o?aaiaaiey. Ainieoaoaeue
aeieaeai eiaoue iaiaoiaeeiua ciaiey, i?iyaeyoue eioa?an e oaoieea,
ecia?aoaoaeuenoao. Ec aieueoiai ?aciiia?acey caeaiee, nii?oaeaiee,
aeaeia no?ieoaeuenoaa ii ioae?aao iaiiiaia, oi, /oi aeinooiii aeaoyi e
ieacuaaao iao/athuaa e ainieoaoaeueiia aicaeaenoaea.
A iao/aiee eiino?oe?iaaieth aieueoia cia/aiea eiaao ia?aaiae
ieineinoiiai ecia?aaeaiey (oioia?aoee, ?enoiea) a iau?iioth iino?ieeo,
/oi i?aaeuyaeyao e ?aa?ieo cia/eoaeueiua o?aaiaaiey e niaeaenoaoao
?acaeoeth aiaeeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe. Iaaeaaia i?eo/aao ?aa?iea
aiaeece?iaaoue eoiae ea?u, a oii /enea e no?ieoaeuenoaa, aoiaeyuaai a a?
ninoaa. Yoi aeenoeeieeie?oao oi, o/eo aeaoae niioiineoue oeaeue e
i?ioeann no?ieoaeuenoaa n ?acoeueoaoii.
Oaeei ia?acii, aaaeiui oneiaeai iao/athuaai e ainieouaathuaai
aicaeaenoaey no?ieoaeueiuo ea? yaeyaony ?oeiaiaenoai eie i?e nio?aiaiee
oai?/aneie naiiaeayoaeueiinoe aeaoae, ?acaeoea eo eioa?ana e oaoieea,
eniieueciaaiea iaaeyaeiuo iiniaee (eeethno?aoeee, oioia?aoee, i?inouo
oaoie/aneeo ?enoieia), iao/aiea niiniaai ia?aaiaea ieineiai ecia?aaeaiey
a iau?iioth iino?ieeo.
O?aiaiea no?ieoaeueiiai iaoa?eaea e iieueciaaiea ei.
Ainieoaoaeue oaeaeyao aieueoia aieiaiea o?aiaieth no?ieoaeueiiai
iaoa?eaea, eniieueciaaieth aai ?aa?ieii, o/anoeth aai a oai?ea iaoa?eaea
iinea ea?u. E?oiiue no?ieoaeueiue iaoa?eae o?aieony a ii?aaeae?iiii,
iinoiyiiii ianoa eiiiaou. Aeaoaee neeaaeuaathony aeeo?aoii, onoie/eai,
eia/a, ?annuiaaoenue i?e neo/aeiii oie/ea, iie iiaoo ooeaeoue ?aa?iea.
?aa?iie 3-4 eao aeieaeai a?aoue iaoa?eae e oeeaaeuaaoue aai iinea ea?u
oieueei n iiiiuueth ainieoaoaey e iiae aai eiio?ieai. Noa?oea
aeioeieueieee aeieaeiu oi?ioi ciaoue ii?yaeie o?aiaiey e?oiiiai
no?ieoaeueiiai iaoa?eaea e oeeaaeuaaoue aai naiinoiyoaeueii.
Iaoa?eae n?aaeiaai ?acia?a o?aieony ia ioe?uouo iieeao e noaeaaeao
oae, /oiau ?aa?iie iia acyoue aai aeey ea?u nai. Iaeeee no?ieoaeueiue
iaoa?eae aeey iaeuoa eo/oa anaai o?aieoue a iaaeoaieeo yue/eao, /oiau
iiaeii auei aeaeaoue ana aeaoaee e eaaei aeinoaaaoue eo. O aeaoae
5-6-eao iaeeee iaoa?eae o?aieony a aieaa aeoaieeo aea?aayiiuo yueeao,
eoaea aai aeeo?aoii neeaaeuaatho ianeieueeeie ?yaeaie.
Ainieoaoaeue ciaeiieo ?aa?iea n ii?yaeeii o?aiaiey no?ieoaeueiiai
iaoa?eaea , o/eo aeeo?aoii ia?auaony n iei, naiinoiyoaeueii
eniieueciaaoue aai a ea?ao.
Aeioeieueiee ia n?aco onaaeaaao ana o?aaiaaiey. Iaaeaaia i?eo/aao aai
niaethaeaoue iaiaoiaeeiue ii?yaeie, iiiu?yao i?e i?aaeeueiii auiieiaiee
aai o?aaiaaiee, i?iaa?yao, eae ii neiaeee iaoa?eae iinea ea?u iiiiaaao
aio. Noa?oea aeaoe onaaeaatho aai oeacaiey auno?i, ii ia anaaaea
auiieiytho eo. Ainieoaoaeue ?acuyniyao iaaeiionoeiinoue ia?ooaiey i?aaee
o?aiaiey e eniieueciaaiey, inoie/eai o?aaoao iaaaaeaiey aeieaeiiai
ii?yaeea.
No?ieoaeueiua ea?u n i?e?iaeiui iaoa?eaeii e ?oeiaiaenoai eie.
Aeey no?ieoaeueiuo ea? a aeaoneii naaeo oe?iei eniieuecothony ia
oieueei no?ieoaeueiua, ii e i?e?iaeiua iaoa?eaeu: niaa, aiaea, ianie,
eaiaoee, aaoee, oeoee, o?inoiee e o.i.
Ianie ianuiaaony a niaoeeaeueiue yuee n ai?oeeaie, ia eioi?ua aeaoe
noaayo ea?ooee. Iaeuoai aeey ea? aeathony iau/ii iaeaiueeea oi?ii/ee e
iaeaiueeea naei/ee, ea?ooee n iiaenoaaeie, eioi?oth iiaeii aioeiooue a
ianie.
Ianoi ia o/anoea, aaea o?aieony ianie, iai?aaeeaaaony, /oiau ii ia
?annuiaeny; yueee-iani/ieoeu ia ii/ue e ia oi a?aiy, eiaaea aeaoe ia
ea?atho cae?uaathony naoeaie, /oiau ianie ia caa?yciyeny e aianoa n oai
i?iaao?eaaeny.
Noa?oea aeaoe nii?oaeatho ec ianea ai?ee, ooiiaee, ?onea ?ae, no?iyo
ieioeiu, aiaeiiaaeu, e?aiinoe. Oaeeie ea?aie aeaoe aieaa ioioii
caieiathony a anoanoaaiiuo oneiaeyo: ia ieyaea, ia aa?aao ?aee, ica?a.
Caeanue anoue aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaoue aieueoia i?ino?ainoai.
E a?ay ni niaaii, ieaaeoea aeaoe ?aca?aaatho aai eiiaoeaie, ianuiatho
ai?ee. Noa?oea aeioeieueieee no?iyo ec niaaa aeiia, e?aiinoe, ia?ioiaeu,
eiaeee, iinou, oe?aoatho o/anoie neoeueioo?aie ec eueaea e niaaa.
Ainieoaoaeue o/eo eo no?ieoue iino?ieee ec niaaa ?aciuie niiniaaie (ec
iaeaoaiiuo niaaeiuo eiiia, ec niaaeiuo ee?ie/ae), iiaoaeaeaao e
i?iyaeaieth eieoeeaoeau, auaeoiee. Iiiu?yy ea?u ni niaaii, ii neaaeeo,
/oiau aeaoe aeinoaoi/ii aeaeaaeenue, ia i??cee, e aianoa n oai
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaao /?acia?ioth aeaeaaoaeueioth aeoeaiinoue, /oiau iie ia
ia?aa?aaaeenue.
Ainieoaoaeue o/eo aeaoae aueeaaeuaaoue oci?u ec eaiaoeia ia
aei?iaeea, ieiuaaeea. Aeey oci?ia iiaeao auoue aeai ia?acaoe,
i?aaeeiaeai nthaeao, oneiaea ?aniieiaeaiey eaiaoeia. Oaeea ea?u iieaciu
aeey ?acaeoey e ooi/iaiey i?ino?ainoaaiiuo i?eaioe?iaie. Noa?oea aeaoe
iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii ainieoaoaeae aeaeatho ec oeoae /aeiaa/eia, caa?thoae,
nii?oaeatho aeey ieo iino?ieee ec aaoie, o?inoieea.
Oaeei ia?acii no?ieoaeueiua ea?u i?e i?aaeeueiii ?oeiaiaenoaa eie
yaeythony aaaeiui n?aaenoaii ainieoaiey e iao/aiey. Iie ?acaeaatho o
aeaoae niiniaiinoue oai?/aneiai ioia?aaeaiey yaeaiee ie?oaeathuae
aeecie, eioa?an e oaoieea, eiino?oeoeaiia iuoeaiea, ooaeiaeanoaaiiue
aeon, oi?ie?oao ae?oaeaneea acaeiiioiioaiey.
Naiaia?acea aeeaeaeoe/aneeo ea?.
Aeeaeaeoe/aneay ea?a iaeiia?aiaiii yaeyaony oi?iie iao/aiey, iaeaieaa
oa?aeoa?iie aeey iaeaiueeeo aeaoae. Enoiee a? a ia?iaeiie iaaeaaiaeea,
eioi?ay nicaeaea iiiai iao/athueo ea? ia iniiaa ni/aoaiey ea?u n ianiae,
n aeaeaeaieyie. A iioaoeao, ea?iauo ianaieao, a ea?ao “Eaaeooee”,
“Ni?iea-aaeiaiea”, a ea?ao n iaeue/eeaie iaoue i?eaeaeaao aieiaiea
?aa?iea e ie?oaeathuei i?aaeiaoai, iacuaaao eo.
A aeeaeaeoe/aneie ea?a niaea?aeaony ana no?oeoo?iua yeaiaiou (/anoe),
oa?aeoa?iua aeey ea?iaie aeayoaeueiinoe aeaoae: caiunae (caaea/a),
niaea?aeaiea, ea?iaua aeaenoaey, i?aaeea, ?acoeueoao. Ii i?iyaeythony
iie a ianeieueei eiie oi?ia e iaoneiaeaiu iniaie ?ieueth aeeaeaeoe/aneie
ea?u a ainieoaiee e iao/aiee aeaoae aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa.
Iaee/ea aeeaeaeoe/aneie caaea/e iiae/??eeaaao iao/athuee oa?aeoa?
ea?u, iai?aaeaiiinoue a? niaea?aeaiey ia ?acaeoea iiciaaaoaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe aeaoae. A ioee/ea io i?yiie iinoaiiaee caaea/e ia
caiyoeyo a aeeaeaeoe/aneie ea?a iia aicieeaao e ea ea?iaay caaea/a
naiiai ?aa?iea. Aaaeiia cia/aiea aeeaeaeoe/aneie ea?u ninoieo a oii, /oi
iia ?acaeaaao naiinoiyoaeueiinoue e aeoeaiinoue iuoeaiey e ?a/e o
aeaoae.
Iai?eia?, a ea?a “?ane?iai oaeio aieoaaiuo eieia/eia” (noa?oay
a?oiia) ainieoaoaeue noaaeo caaea/o o/eoue aeaoae ?anneacuaaoue i
i?aaeiaoa, ?acaeaaoue naycaiioth ?a/ue. Ea?iaay caaea/a – ociaoue, /oi
iiae eieia/eii. A neo/aa i?aaeeueiiai ?aoaiey ?aa?iie iieo/aao
iiiu?eoaeueiue cia/ie. Iaaeaaia a ea/anoaa o/anoieea ea?u iiaeieiaao
ia?aue eieia/ie e, ?anneacuaay iiae iaoiaeyuaeny iiae iei ea?ooea (
iai?eia?, iao??oea), aea?o ia?acaoe a? iienaiey. Anee ea?athuee ?aa?iie
cao?oaeiyaony aeaoue oaeia iienaiea eee oeacuaaao iaei i?eciaeia,
ainieoaoaeue aiai?eo: “A eieia/ie, eioi?ue iiaeiye Aiaa, neacae, /oi
Aiaa au? iaei ?anneacae i oii, /oi eieia/ie i?yoae.”
Ea?iaay caaea/a eiiaaea caeiaeaia a naiii iacaaiee ea?u: “Ociaai, /oi
a /oaeaniii iaoi/ea”, “Eoi a eaeii aeiieea aeea?o” e o.i. Eioa?an e iae,
no?aieaiea auiieieoue a? aeoeaece?oaony ea?iauie aeaenoaeyie. *ai iie
?aciiia?aciaa e niaea?aeaoaeueiaa, oai eioa?aniaa aeey aeaoae naia ea?a
e oai oniaoiaa ?aoathony iiciaaaoaeueiua e ea?iaua caaea/e.
Ea?iaui aeaenoaeyi aeaoae ioaeii o/eoue. Eeoue i?e yoii oneiaee ea?a
i?eia?aoaao iao/athuee oa?aeoa? e noaiiaeony niaea?aeaoaeueiie. Iao/aiea
ea?iaui aeaenoaeyi inouanoaeyaony /a?ac i?iaiue oiae a ea?a, iieac
naiiai aeaenoaey, ?ane?uooaiiaeony niaea?aeaoaeueiie. Iao/aiea ea?iaui
aeaenoaeyi inouanoaeyaony /a?ac i?iaiue oiae a ea?a, iieac naiiai
aeaenoaey, ?ane?uooaiiaeony niaea?aeaoaeueiie. Iao/aiea ea?iaui
aeaenoaeyi inouanoaeyaony /a?ac i?iaiue oiae a ea?a, iieac naiiai
aeaenoaey, ?ane?uooaiiaeony niaea?aeaoaeueiie. ai iiciaaaoaeueiiai
niaea?aeaiey e ea?iaie caaea/e, aic?anoiuie iniaaiiinoyie aeaoae.
A ea?ao ieaaeoeo aeaoae ea?iaua aeaenoaey iaeeiaeiau aeey anao
o/anoieeia.
I?e ?ani?aaeaeaiee aeaoae ia a?oiiu eee i?e iaee/ea ?ieae ea?iaua
aeaenoaey ?acee/iu.
?acee/ai e iau?i ea?iauo aeaenoaee. A ieaaeoeo a?oiiao – yoi /aua
anaai iaeii-aeaa iiaoi?ythueony aeaenoaey, a noa?oeo oaea iyoue-oanoue.
A ea?ao nii?oeaiiai oa?aeoa?a ea?iaua aeaenoaey noa?oeo aeioeieueieeia n
naiiai ia/aea ?an/eaiaiu ai a?aiaie e inouanoaeythony iineaaeiaaoaeueii.
Iicaeiaa, iaeaaeaa eie, aeaoe aeaenoaotho oeaeaiai?aaeaiii, /?oei,
auno?i, niaeaniaaiii e a oaea ioia?aiiii oaiia ?aoatho ea?iaoth caaea/o.
Iaeiei ec yeaiaioia aeeaeaeoe/aneie ea?u yaeythony i?aaeea. Iie
ii?aaeaeythony caaea/ae iao/aiey e niaea?aeaieai ea?u e, a naith
i/a?aaeue, ii?aaeaeytho oa?aeoa? e niinia ea?iauo aeaenoaee, i?aaiecotho
e iai?aaeytho iiaaaeaiea aeaoae, acaeiiioiioaiey iaaeaeo ieie e
ainieoaoaeai. N iiiiuueth i?aaee ii oi?ie?oao o aeaoae niiniaiinoue
i?eaioe?iaaoueny a eciaiythueony ianoiyoaeuenoaao, oiaiea naea?aeeaaoue
iaiin?aaenoaaiiua aeaeaiey, i?iyaeyoue yiioeeaiaeueii-aieaaia oneeea. A
?acoeueoaoa yoiai ?acaeaaaony niiniaiinoue oi?aaeyoue naieie
aeaenoaeyie, niioiineoue eo n aeaenoaeyie ae?oaeo ea?athueo.
I?aaeea ea?u eiatho iao/athuee, i?aaiecothuee e aeenoeeieeie?othuee
oa?aeoa?. Iao/athuaa i?aaeea iiiiaatho ?ane?uoue ia?aae aeaoueie, /oi e
eae ioaeii aeaeaoue: iie niioiinyony n ea?iauie aeaenoaeyie, oneeeaatho
eo ?ieue, ooi/iytho niinia auiieiaiey; i?aaiecothuea ii?aaeaeytho
ii?yaeie, iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue e acaeiiioiioaiey aeaoae a ea?a;
aeenoeeieeie?othuea i?aaeoi?aaeaeatho i oii, /aai e ii/aio iaeuecy
aeaeaoue.
Ainieoaoaeue aeieaeai inoi?iaeii iieueciaaoueny i?aaeeaie, ia
ia?aa?oaeaoue eie ea?o, i?eiaiyoue eeoue iaiaoiaeeiua ec ieo. Aaaaeaiea
iiiaeo i?aaee, auiieiaiea eo aeaoueie ii i?eioaeaeaieth i?eaiaeeo e
io?eoeaoaeueiui ?acoeueoaoai. *?acia?iia aeenoeeieeie?iaaiea nieaeaao o
ieo eioa?an e ea?a e aeaaea ?ac?ooaao a?, a eiiaaea aucuaaao oeo?ua
oeiaee, /oiau ecaaaeaoue auiieiaiey i?aaee.
Auaaao, /oi iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe iaiiieiaoue i i?aaeea eee aaiaeeoue
aeiiieieoaeueiia. Aeinoaoi/ii eeoue iaiiiai eciaieoue ea?iaua aeaenoaey
e oai naiui aui?aaeoue ia?ooaiea.
I?aaeea ea?u, onoaiaaeeaaaiua ainieoaoaeai, iinoaiaiii onaaeaathony
aeaoueie. I?eaioe?oynue ia ieo, iie ioeaieaatho i?aaeeueiinoue naieo
aeaenoaee e aeaenoaey oiaa?euae, acaeiiioiioaiey a ea?a.
?acoeueoao aeeaeaeoe/aneie ea?u – iieacaoaeue o?iaiy aeinoeaeaiey
aeaoae a onaiaiee ciaiee, a ?acaeoea oinoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ,
acaeiiioiioaiee, a ia i?inoi auea?uo, iieo/aiiue ethaui ioo?i.
Ea?iaua caaea/e, aeaenoaey, i?aaeea, ?acoeueoao ea?u acaeiinaycaiu, e
ionoonoaea oioy au iaeiie ec yoeo ninoaaiuo /anoae ia?ooaao a?
oeaeinoiinoue, nieaeaao ainieoaoaeueiia aicaeaenoaea.
Iaaeaaiae/aneay oeaiiinoue aeeaeaeoe/aneeo ea?.
A aeeaeaeoe/aneeo ea?ao ia?aae aeaoueie noaayony oa eee eiua caaea/e,
?aoaiea eioi?uo o?aaoao nin?aaeioi/aiiinoe, aieiaiey, oinoaaiiiai
oneeey, oiaiey iniuneeoue i?aaeea, iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue aeaenoaee,
i?aiaeieaoue o?oaeiinoe. Iie niaeaenoaotho ?acaeoeth o aeioeieueieeia
iuouaiee e aini?eyoee, oi?ie?iaaieth i?aaenoaaeaiee, onaiaieth ciaiee.
Yoe ea?u aeatho aiciiaeiinoue iao/aoue aeaoae ?aciiia?aciui yeiiiiiui e
?aoeeiiaeueiui niiniaai ?aoaiey oao eee eiuo oinoaaiiuo e i?aeoe/aneeo
caaea/. A yoii eo ?acaeaathuay ?ieue.
Iaiaoiaeeii aeiaeaaoueny oiai, /oiau aeeaeaeoe/aneay ea?a auea ia
oieueei oi?iie onaiaiey ioaeaeueiuo ciaiee e oiaiee, ii e niinianoaiaaea
au iauaio ?acaeoeth ?aa?iea, neoaeeea oi?ie?iaaieth aai niiniaiinoae.
Aeeaeaeoe/aneay ea?a niaeaenoaoao ?aoaieth caaea/ i?aanoaaiiiai
ainieoaiey, ?acaeoeth o aeaoae iaueoaeueiinoe. Ainieoaoaeue noaaeo
aeaoae a oaeea oneiaey, eioi?ua o?aaotho io ieo oiaiey ea?aoue aianoa,
?aaoee?iaaoue nai? iiaaaeaiea, auoue ni?aaaaeeeaui e /anoiui, onooi/eaui
e o?aaiaaoaeueiui.
?oeiaiaenoai aeeaeaeoe/aneeie ea?aie.
Oniaoiia ?oeiaiaenoai aeeaeaeoe/aneeie ea?aie i?aaeaea anaai
i?aaeoniao?eaaao ioai? e i?iaeoiuaaiey eo i?ia?aiiiiai niaea?aeaiey,
/?oeia ii?aaeaeaiea caaea/, ii?aaeaeaiea ianoa e ?iee a oeaeinoiii
ainieoaoaeueiii i?ioeanna, acaeiiaeaenoaea n ae?oaeie ea?aie e oi?iaie
iao/aiey. Iii aeieaeii auoue iai?aaeaii ia ?acaeoea e iiiu?aiea
iiciaaaoaeueiie aeoeaiinoe, naiinoiyoaeueiinoe e eieoeeaoeau aeaoae,
i?eiaiaiea eie ?aciuo niiniaia ?aoaiey ea?iauo caaea/, aeieaeii
iaania/eaaoue aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiua ioiioaiey iaaeaeo o/anoieeaie,
aioiaiinoue i?eeoe ia iiiiuue oiaa?euai.
Iaeaiueeea aeaoe a i?ioeanna ea? n ea?ooeaie, i?aaeiaoaie,
iaoa?eaeaie aeieaeiu eiaoue aiciiaeiinoue iinoo/aoue, ia?anoaaeoue,
ia?aeiaeeoue eo, ?acia?aoue ia ninoaaeythuea /anoe (?acai?iua ea?ooee),
aiiaue ninoaaeoue e o.ae. Ii iineieueeo iie iiaoo iiiaie?aoii iiaoi?youe
iaeie e oa aea aeaenoaey, ainieoaoaeth iaiaoiaeeii iinoaiaiii
ia?aaiaeeoue ea?o aeaoae ia aieaa aunieoth nooiaiue.
Iai?eia?, aeeaeaeoe/aneay caaea/a “iao/eoue aeaoae ?acee/aoue
eieueoea ii aaee/eia” ?aaeecoaony /a?ac ea?iaia caaeaiea “niaa?e aaoaieo
i?aaeeueii”. O aeaoae aicieeaao aeaeaiea ociaoue, eae i?aaeeueii. Iieac
niiniaa aeaenoaee niaea?aeeo a naaa iaeiia?aiaiii ?acaeoea ea?iaiai
aeaenoaey e iiaia ea?iaia i?aaeei. Auae?ay eiea/ei ca eiea/eii e
iaaeaaay ia noa?aeaiue, ainieoaoaeue aea?o iaaeyaeiue ia?acaoe ea?iaiai
aeaenoaey. Ii i?iaiaeeo ?oeie ii iaaeaoui eiea/eai e ia?auaao aieiaiea
aeaoae ia oi, /oi aaoaiea noaiiaeony e?aneaie, ?iaiie, /oi nia?aia iia
i?aaeeueii. Oai naiui iaaeaaia iaaeyaeii iieacuaaao iiaia ea?iaia
aeaenoaea – i?iaa?eoue i?aaeeueiinoue niae?aiey aaoaiee- i?aaeeaaaao
aeaoyi naiei yoi naeaeaoue.
?acaeoea eioa?ana e aeeaeaeoe/aneei ea?ai, oi?ie?iaaiea ea?iaie
aeayoaeueiinoe o aieaa noa?oeo aeaoae (io 4-o aei 6-oe eao) aeinoeaaaony
oai, /oi ainieoaoaeue noaaeo ia?aae ieie oneiaeiythueany caaea/e, ia
niaoeo iiaeneacuaaoue ea?iaua aeaenoaey. Ea?iaay aeayoaeueiinoue
aeioeieueieeia noaiiaeony aieaa iniciaiiie, iia a aieueoae ia?a
iai?aaeaia ia aeinoeaeaiey ?acoeueoaoa, a ia ia nai i?ioeann. Ii e aeey
noa?oeo aeioeieueieeia ?oeiaiaenoai ea?ie aeieaeii auoue oaeei, /oiau o
aeaoae nio?aiyeinue niioaaonoaothuaa yiioeeaiaeueiia iano?iaiea,
iai?aioaeae?iiinoue, /oiau iie ia?aaeeaaee ?aaeinoue io o/anoey a iae e
/oanoai oaeiaeaoai?aiey io ?aoaiey iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/.
Ainieoaoaeue iaia/aao iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue ea?, oneiaeiythueony ii
niaea?aeaieth, aeeaeaeoe/aneei caaea/ai, ea?iaui aeaenoaeyi e i?aaeeai
Ioaeaeueiua, eciee?iaaiiua ea?u iiaoo auoue i/aiue eioa?aniuie, ii,
eniieuecoy eo aia nenoaiu, iaeuecy aeinoeaiooue iauaai iao/athuaai e
?acaeaathuaai ?acoeueoaoa. Iiyoiio neaaeoao /?oei ii?aaeaeyoue
acaeiiaeaenoaea iao/aiey ia caiyoeyo e a aeeaeaeoe/aneie ea?a.
Aeey aeaoae ?aiiaai aic?anoa aeeaeaeoe/aneay ea?a yaeyaony iaeaieaa
iiaeoiaeyuae oi?iie iao/aiey. Iaeiaei oaea ia aoi?ii, a iniaaiii ia
o?aoueai aiaeo aeecie iaeuoae i?eaeaeatho iiiaea i?aaeiaou e yaeaiey
ie?oaeathuae aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, i?ienoiaeeo eioaineaiia onaiaiea
?iaeiiai ycuea. Oaeiaeaoai?aiea iiciaaaoaeueiuo eioa?ania aeaoae
o?aoueaai aiaea aeecie, ?acaeoea eo ?a/e o?aaotho ni/aoaiea
aeeaeaeoe/aneeo ea? n oeaeaiai?aaeaiiui iao/aieai ia caiyoeyo,
inouanoaeyaiui a niioaaonoaee n ii?aaeae?iiie i?ia?aiiie ciaiee, oiaiee,
iaaueia. Ia caiyoeyo aieaa oniaoii, /ai a ea?a, oi?ie?othony e niiniau
o/aiey: i?iecaieueiia aieiaiea, oiaiea iaaethaeaoue, niio?aoue e
aeaeaoue, neooaoue e neuoaoue oeacaiey ainieoaoaey e auiieiyoue eo.
Neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi a aeeaeaeoe/aneie ea?a iaiaoiaeeii
i?aaeeueiia ni/aoaiea iaaeyaeiinoe, neiaa ainieoaoaey e aeaenoaey naieo
aeaoae n ea?ooeaie, ea?iauie iiniaeyie, i?aaeiaoaie, ea?oeieaie e o.ae.
E iaaeyaeiinoe ioiinyony: 1) i?aaeiaou, eioi?uie ea?atho aeaoe e
eioi?ua ninoaaeytho iaoa?eaeueiue oeaio? ea?u; 2) ea?oeiee,
ecia?aaeathuea i?aaeiaou e aeaenoaey n ieie, io/?oeeai auaeaeythuea
iacia/aiea, iniiaiua ?eciaee i?aaeiaoia, naienoaa iaoa?eaeia; 3)
iaaeyaeiue iieac iiyniaiea neiaaie ea?iauo aeaenoaee e auiieiaiey
ea?iauo i?aaee.
Nicaeaiu niaoeeaeueiua oeiu aeeaeaeoe/aneeo ea?: n ia?iuie
ea?oeieaie, oeia ea?oeiiiai eioi, aeiieii n oaiaoe/aneeie na?eyie
ea?oeiie e ae?. Ia/aeueiue iieac ea?iauo aeaenoaee ainieoaoaeai, i?iaiue
oiae, iiiu?eoaeueii-eiio?ieueiua cia/ee, aeaoii/eee, oeoee- an? yoi
oaeaea aoiaeeo a oiiae iaaeyaeiuo n?aaenoa, eioi?ua eniieuecothony aeey
i?aaiecaoeee ea? e ?oeiaiaenoaa eie.
I?e iiiiue neiaaniuo iiyniaiee, oeacaiee, ainieoaoaeue iai?aaeyao
aieiaiea aeaoae, oii?yaei/eaaao, ooi/iyao eo i?aaenoaaeaiey, ?anoe?yao
iiuo. ?a/ue aai niinianoaoao iaiaauaieth neiaa?y aeioeieueieeia,
iaeaaeaieth ?aciiia?aciuie oi?iaie iao/aiey, niinianoaoao
niaa?oainoaiaaieth ea?iauo aeaenoaee.
?oeiaiaey ea?aie, ainieoaoaeue eniieuecoao ?aciiia?aciua n?aaenoaa
aicaeaenoaey ia aeioeieueieeia. Iai?eia?, aunooiay a ea/anoaa o/anoieea
ea?u, ii iacaiaoii aeey ieo iai?aaeyao ea?o, iiaeaea?aeeaaao eo
eieoeeaoeao, niia?aaeeaaao n ieie ?aaeinoue ea?u. Eiiaaea iaaeaaia
?anneacuaaao i eaeii- eeai niauoee, nicaea?o niioaaonoaothuaa ea?iaia
iano?iaiea e iiaeaea?aeeaaao aai ii oiaeo ea?u. Ii iiaeao e ia
aeeth/aoueny a ea?o, ii eae oiaeue e /ooeee ?aaeenn??, nio?aiyy e
oaa?aaay a? naiiaeayoaeueiue oa?aeoa?, ?oeiaiaeeo ?acaeoeai ea?iauo
aeaenoaee, auiieiaieai i?aaee e iacaiaoii aeey aeaoae aaae?o eo e
ii?aaeae?iiiio ?acoeueoaoo. Iiaeaea?aeeaay e i?iaoaeaeay aeaoneoth
aeayoaeueiinoue, iaaeaaia aeaeaao yoi /aua anaai ia i?yii, a einaaiii:
au?aaeaao oaeeaeaiea, oooeo, eniieuecoao ?aciiai ?iaea ea?iaua nth?i?ecu
e o.i.
Iaaei iiiieoue, n iaeiie noi?iiu, ia iianiinoe, /?acia?ii oneeeaay
iao/athuea iiiaiou, ineaaeoue ea?iaia ia/aei, i?eaeaoue aeeaeaeoe/aneie
ea?a oa?aeoa? caiyoey, a, n ae?oaie, oae?eoenue caieiaoaeueiinoueth,
oeoe io caaea/e iao/aiey.
?acaeoea ea?u ai iiiaii ii?aaeaeyaony oaiiii oinoaaiiie aeoeaiinoe
aeaoae, aieueoae eee iaiueoae oniaoiinoueth auiieiaiey ea?iauo
aeaenoaee, o?iaiai onaiaiey i?aaee, eo yiioeeaiaeueiuie ia?aaeeaaieyie,
noaiaiueth oaea/?iiinoe. A ia?eiae onaiaiey iiaiai niaea?aeaiey, iiauo
ea?iauo aeaenoaee, i?aaee e ia/aea ea?u oaii a?, anoanoaaiii, aieaa
caiaaeeaiiue. A aeaeueiaeoai, eiaaea ea?a ?acae?ouaaaony e aeaoe
oaeaeathony, oaii a? oauno?yaony. E eiioeo ea?u yiioeeaiaeueiue iiaeu?i
eae au niaaeaao e oaii a? niiaa caiaaeeyaony. Ia neaaeoao aeiioneaoue
eceeoiae iaaeeeoaeueiinoe e iaioaeiiai oauno?aiey oaiia ea?u.oauno?aiiue
oaii aucuaaao eiiaaea ?anoa?yiiinoue aeaoae, iaoaa?aiiinoue,
ianaiaa?aiaiiia auiieiaiea ea?iauo aeaenoaee, ia?ooaiea i?aaee.
Aeioeieueieee ia oniaaatho aoyiooueny a ea?o, ia?aaicaoaeaeathony.
Caiaaeeaiiue oaii ea?u aicieeaao oiaaea, eiaaea aeathony /a?an/o?
iiae?iaiua iauyniaiey, aeaeaaony iiiai iaeeeo caia/aiee. Yoi i?eaiaeeo e
oiio, /oi ea?iaua aeaenoaey eae au ioaeaeythony, i?aaeea aaiaeyony
ianaiaa?aiaiii, e aeaoe ia iiaoo ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny eie, aeiioneatho
ia?ooaiey, ioeaathony. Iie auno?aa ooiieythony, iaeiiia?acea nieaeaao
yiioeeaiaeueiue iiaeu?i.
A aeeaeaeoe/aneie ea?a anaaaea eiaaony aiciiaeiinoue iaiaeeaeaiiiai
?anoe?aiey e iaiaauaiey a? caiunea a nayce n i?iyaeaiiie aeaoueie
eieoeeaoeaie, aii?inaie, i?aaeeiaeaieyie. Oiaiea oaea?aeaoue ea?o a
i?aaeaeao onoaiiaeaiiiai a?aiaie – aieueoia eneonnoai. Ainieoaoaeue
oieioiyao a?aiy i?aaeaea anaai ca n/?o nie?auaiey naieo iauyniaiee.
ssniinoue, e?aoeinoue iienaiee, ?anneacia, ?aieee yaeyaony oneiaeai
oniaoiiai ?acaeoey ea?u e auiieiaiey ?aoaaiuo caaea/.
Caeai/eaay ea?o iaaeaaia aeieaeai aucaaoue o aeaoae eioa?an e a?
i?iaeieaeaieth, nicaeaoue ?aaeinoioth ia?niaeoeao. Iau/ii ii aiai?eo: “A
neaaeothuee ?ac aoaeai ea?aoue au? eo/oa” eee: “Iiaay ea?a aoaeao au?
eioa?aniaa”. Ainieoaoaeue ?ac?aaaouaaao aa?eaiou ciaeiiuo aeaoyi ea? e
nicaeaao iiaua – iieaciua e oaeaeaoaeueiua.
Aeeaeaeoe/aneay ea?a eae iaeia ec oi?i iao/aiey i?iaiaeeony ai a?aiy,
eioi?ia ioaiaeeony a ?aaeeia ia caiyoey. Aaaeii onoaiiaeoue i?aaeeueiia
niioiioaiea iaaeaeo yoeie aeaoiy oi?iaie iao/aiey, ii?aaeaeeoue eo
acaeiinaycue e ianoi a aaeeiii iaaeaaiae/aneii i?ioeanna.
Aeeaeaeoe/aneea ea?u eiiaaea i?aaeoanoaotho caiyoeyi; a oaeeo neo/ayo
oeaeueth eo yaeyaony i?eaea/aiea eioa?ana aeaoae e oiio, /oi aoaeao
niaea?aeaieai caiyoey. Ea?a iiaeao /a?aaeiaaoueny n caiyoeyie, eiaaea
iaiaoiaeeii oneeeoue naiinoiyoaeueioth aeayoaeueiinoue aeaoae,
i?aaieciaaoue i?eiaiaiea onaiaiiiai a ea?iaie aeayoaeueiinoe, iiaeaanoe
eoia, iaiaueoue eco/aiiue ia caiyoeyo iaoa?eae.
Ianoieueiua ea?u-iiniaey.
E ianoieueiui ea?ai ioiinyony ?aciiia?aciua ea?u-iiniaey oeia
ea?oeiie, i?aaeiaoiiai eioi, aeiieii; oaiaoe/aneea ea?u (“Aaea /oi
?anoao”, “Eiaaea yoi auaaao”, “Eiio yoi ioaeii”e ae?.); ea?u, o?aaothuea
aeaeaaoaeueiie aeoeaiinoe, nii?iaee e o.ae.
(“Eaoathuea eieia/ee”, “Iiiaaee a oeaeue”, “Aon?e” e ae?.); ea?u oeia
iicaeee. Ana yoe ea?u ioee/athony io ea? n ea?ooeaie oai, /oi iau/ii
i?iaiaeyony ca noieeeaie, o?aaotho 2-4 ia?oi??ia. Ianoieueii-ia/aoiua
ea?u niaeaenoaotho ?anoe?aieth e?oaici?a aeaoae, ?acaeaatho
niia?aceoaeueiinoue, aieiaiea e aeaenoaeyi oiaa?eua, i?eaioe?iaeo a
eciaiythueony oneiaeyo ea?u, oiaiea i?aaeaeaeaoue ?acoeueoaou naiaai
oiaea. O/anoea a ea?a o?aaoao auaea?aeee, no?iaiai auiieiaiey i?aaee e
aeinoaaeyao aeaoyi iiiai ?aaeinoe.
Iaeuoai ioaeiu ea?u n aeinooiiui niaea?aeaieai. Ia ea?oi/eao eioi,
ia?iuo ea?oeieao, eieaeeao-oe?iao ecia?aaeathony ea?ooee, i?aaeiaou
iaeoiaea, i?inoaeoea aeaeu o?ainii?oa, iaiue, o?oeou. Iiaeai? ea?oeiie
ia?aie, niioaaonoaothueo ea?oeiie e iniiaiie ea?oa, iacaaiea
ecia?aae?iiiai i?aaeiaoa, oiai eee eiiai ea/anoaa niaeaenoaoao ?acaeoeth
neiaa?y, e?aoeie iiyniythuae ?a/e ( yaeiei e?aniia, ii?eiaea
i?aiaeaaay, ?anoao ia a?yaeea).
Aeey aeaoae noa?oeo a?oii eioa?aniu ianoieue-ia/aoiua ea?u, a eioi?uo
io?aaeaiu yaeaiey i?e?iaeu, i?aaenoaaeaiu ?aciua aeaeu o?ainii?oa (“Eoi
ia /?i acaeeo, ieaaaao, eaoaao”), aeaenoaotho aa?ie neacie (“Neacee
Iooeeia”, “Niaeua e eiaeea”, e ae?.) Yoe e iiaeiaiua ei ea?u o?aaotho
io aeaoae i?eiiieiaiey e i?eiaiaiey ciaiee, onaiaiiuo ia caiyoeyo, a
i?ioeanna iaaethaeaiee ia yeneo?neyo. Oeaiiuie e eioa?aniuie aeey
noa?oeo aeaoae yaeythony ea?u, a niaea?aeaiee, a ea?iauo aeaenoaeyo e
i?aaeeao eioi?uo eiaaony yeaiaio ni?aaiiaaiey a eiaeinoe, oi/iinoe,
auno?ioa, niia?aceoaeueiinoe (“Ianoieueiue eieueoeaa?in”, “Ianoieueiua
eaaee”, “Aie/ie” e ae?.)
Iniaoth a?oiio ninoaaeytho ea?u-caaaau. A ieo y?ei au?aaeai yeaiaio
iaiau/iiai, iaiaeeaeaiiiai, niaoiiai, niaea?aeaony oooea, aaciaeaeiue
thii?. Iniiaiia eo i?aaeiacia/aiea – iiaanaeeoue, iicaaaaeoue aeaoae,
ii?aaeiaaoue eo . Niaea?aeaiea e i?aaeea iiiaeo ea? o?aaotho eee
auno?iai ea?iaiai aeaenoaey ,eee ion?i/aiiiai. Iaeie ec ieo aucuaatho
auno?oth, /anoi iaiaeeaeaiioth ?aaeoeeth, a ae?oaea o/ao aeaoae
i?iyaeyoue aieaaia oneeea. E ea?ai-caaaaai ioiinyony oaeea ecaanoiua,
eae “Iieiae cae/eea”, “AEio?ee n eieieieue/eeii” (ii?aaeaeaiea
iai?aaeaiey ii caoeo), “Eoi nei?aa niaa??o ea?oeieo” ( ia eii?aeeiaoeeth
aeaeaeaiee) e ae?.
Iiaeaeaeiua ea?u n i?aaeeaie.
Iiaeaeaeiua ea?u i?aaeaea anaai n?aaenoai oece/aneiai ainieoaiey
aeaoae. Iie aeatho aiciiaeiinoue ?acaeaaoue e niaa?oainoaiaaoue eo
aeaeaeaiey, oi?aaeiyaony a aaaa, i?uaeeao, eacaiuea, a?inaiuea, eiaea e
o.ae. ?aciiia?aciua aeaeaeaiey o?aaotho aeoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe e?oiiuo
e iaeeeo iuooe, niinianoaotho eo/oaio iaiaio aauanoa, e?iaiia?auaieth,
aeuoaieth, o.a. iiauoaieth aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecia.
Aieueoia aeeyiea iiaeaeaeiua ea?u ieacuaatho oaeaea e ia
ia?aii-ineoe/aneia ?acaeoea ?aa?iea, oi?ie?iaaiea aaaeiuo ea/anoa
ee/iinoe. Iie aucuaatho iieiaeeoaeueiua yiioeee, ?acaeaatho oi?iiciua
i?ioeannu: a oiaea ea?u aeaoyi i?eoiaeeony ?aaae?iaaoue aeaeaeaieai ia
iaeie neaiaeu e oaea?aeeaaoueny io aeaeaeaiey i?e ae?oaeo. A yoeo ea?ao
?acaeaaaony aiey, niia?aceoaeueiinoue, niaeinoue, auno?ioa ?aaeoeee e
ae?. Niaianoiu aeaenoaey a ea?ao naeeaeatho aeaoae, aeinoaaeytho ei
?aaeinoue io i?aiaeieaiey o?oaeiinoae e aeinoeaeaiey oniaoa.
Enoi/ieeii iiaeaeaeiuo ea? n i?aaeeaie yaeythony ia?iaeiua ea?u, aeey
eioi?uo oa?aeoa?iu y?einoue caiunea, niaea?aeaoaeueiinoue, i?inoioa e
caieiaoaeueiinoue.
Niaea?aeaiea ea?u ii?aaeaeyaony aeaeaeaieyie, eioi?ua aoiaeyo a a?
ninoaa. A i?ia?aiia ainieoaiey a aeaoneii naaeo aeey eaaeaeie aic?anoiie
a?oiiu aeaoae i?aaeoniio?aiu iiaeaeaeiua ea?u, a eioi?uo ?acaeaathony
aeaeaeaiey ?aciuo aeaeia:
aaa, i?uaeee, eacaiuea e o.ae. Ea?u iiaeae?athony n o/?oii aic?anoiuo
iniaaiiinoae aeaoae, eo aiciiaeiinoae auiieiyoue oa eee eiua aeaeaeaiey,
niaethaeaoue ea?iaua i?aaeea.
I?aaeea a iiaeaeaeiie ea?a auiieiytho i?aaiecothuoth ?ieue: eie
ii?aaeaeyaony a? oiae, iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue aeaenoaee, acaeiiioiioaiey
ea?athueo, iiaaaeaiea eaaeaeiai ?aa?iea. I?aaeea iaycuaatho iiae/eiyony
oeaee e niuneo ea?u; aeaoe aeieaeiu oiaoue eie iieueciaaoueny a ?aciuo
oneiaeyo.
A ieaaeoeo a?oiiao ainieoaoaeue iauyniyao niaea?aeaiea e i?aaeea ii
oiaeo ea?u, a noa?oeo – ia?aae ia/aeii. Iiaeaeaeiu ea?u i?aaiecothony a
iiiauaiee e ia i?iaoeea n iaaieueoei /eneii aeaoae eee ni anae a?oiiie.
Iie aoiaeyo oaeaea a ninoaa oeceoeueoo?iuo caiyoee. Iinea oiai eae aeaoe
onaiyo ea?o, iie iiaoo i?iaiaeeoue a? naiinoiyoaeueii.
?oeiaiaenoai iiaeaeaeiuie ea?aie n i?aaeeaie caeeth/aaony a
neaaeothuai. Iiaeae?ay iiaeaeaeioth ea?o, ainieoaoaeue o/eouaaao
niioaaonoaea o?aaoaiiai a? oa?aeoa?a aeaeaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe,
aeinooiiinoue ea?iauo i?aaee e niaea?aeaiey aeaoyi aeaiiiai aic?anoa. Ii
neaaeeo ca oai, /oiau a ea?a o/anoaiaaee ana aeaoe, auiieiyy ana
o?aaoaiua ea?iaua aeaeaeaiey, ii ia aeiioneay ecauoi/iie aeaeaaoaeueiie
aeoeaiinoe, eioi?ay iiaeao aucaaoue eo ia?a aicaoaeaeaiea e ooiieaiea.
Noa?oeo aeioeieueieeia iaiaoiaeeii iao/eoue ea?aoue a iiaeaeaeiua
ea?u naiinoiyoaeueii. Aeey yoiai iaaei ?acaeaaoue o ieo eioa?an e yoei
ea?ai, i?aaeinoaaeyoue aiciiaeiinoue i?aaieciauaaoue eo ia i?iaoeea, a
/anu aeinoaa, ia i?acaeieeao e o.ae.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u.
1 Aeioeieueiay iaaeaaiaeea. Iiae ?aaeaeoeeae A.E. ssaeyoei e O.A.
Nioeia. 1986 aiae.
2 Ineoieiaey e iaaeaaiaeea ea?u aeioeieueieea (Iaoa?eaeu
neiiiceoia)/ Iiae ?aae. A. A. Caii?iaeoea A. I. Oniaie. I., 1966 aiae
3 Yeueeiiei Ae.A. Aeaoneay ineoieiaey I., 1960 aiae
4 Caii?iaeaoe A.A. Iaeioi?ua ineoieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu aeaoneie
ea?u. – Aeioeieueiia ainieoaiea. 1965 aiae.
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