AOIAIEOA?IUE EINOEOOO
ineoieiae/aneee oaeoeueoao
AeEIEIIIAss ?AAIOA
OAIA: Aeeyiea iauaiey ia ?acaeoea ?a/e ?aaaiea
a aic?anoa io 0 aei 3 eao
Eniieieoaeue: nooaeaio 4-ai eo?na ineoieiae/aneiai oaeoeueoaoa
Aa?oeieia Iaoaeuey Aiaoieueaaia
Iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue: ae.i.i., i?ioanni? E?unueei A.A.
_________________
aeca aeaeaia
Iineaa – 1997
NIAeA?AEAIEA
TOC \o “1-3”
AAAAeAIEA GOTOBUTTON _Toc328548736 PAGEREF _Toc328548736 3
(1. NOUIINOUe ?ACAEOEss ?A*E ?AAAIEA GOTOBUTTON _Toc328548737
PAGEREF _Toc328548737 5
?acaeoea iio?aaiinoe a iauaiee GOTOBUTTON _Toc328548738 PAGEREF
_Toc328548738 6
(2. OA?AEOA?ENOEEA INIIAIUO YOAIIA ?ACAEOEss ?A*E ?AAAIEA A I?IOeANNA
IAUAIEss GOTOBUTTON _Toc328548739 PAGEREF _Toc328548739 8
IIAeAIOIAEOAEUeIUE YOAI (Aeiaa?aaeueiia ?acaeoea iauaiey) GOTOBUTTON
_Toc328548740 PAGEREF _Toc328548740 8
YOAI AICIEEIIAAIEss ?A*E GOTOBUTTON _Toc328548741 PAGEREF
_Toc328548741 12
YOAI ?ACAEOEss ?A*AAIAI IAUAIEss GOTOBUTTON _Toc328548742 PAGEREF
_Toc328548742 20
YENIA?EIAIOAEUeIIA ECO*AIEA ?ACAEOEss ?A*E ?AAAIEA A I?IOeANNA IAUAIEss
GOTOBUTTON _Toc328548743 PAGEREF _Toc328548743 26
Oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia ?acaeoea ?a/e (?aeiiaiaeaoeee ) GOTOBUTTON
_Toc328548744 PAGEREF _Toc328548744 37
CAEETH*AIEA GOTOBUTTON _Toc328548745 PAGEREF _Toc328548745 42
NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U GOTOBUTTON _Toc328548746 PAGEREF _Toc328548746
45
AAAAeAIEA
Iauaiea – iaeei ec aaaeiaeoeo oaeoi?ia iauaai ineoe/aneiai ?acaeoey
?aaaiea. Oieueei a eiioaeoa ni ac?ineuie ethaeueie aiciiaeii onaiaiea
aeaoueie iauanoaaiii-enoi?e/aneiai iiuoa /aeiaa/anoaa.
Ia?aua o?e aiaea aeecie, eiaaea aeaoe a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa
ainieouaathony aeiia, yaeythony ?aoathueie a ?acaeoee ?a/e. Oaea n
a?oaeiiai aic?anoa iaeuoe i?eneooeaathony e caoeai, iaaethaeatho ca
aeaeaeaieyie aoa iaoa?e e iooea, ?aaeothony, ociaaay ciaeiiua aieina. N
naiiai ia?aiai aeiy iie aieouaatho a naay caoee ?a/e, niae?atho e
iaeaieeaatho neiaa. Oae iinoaiaiii ?aaaiie ?acaeaaao naie ianneaiue
caian neia, eioi?ui iicaeiaa ia/eiaao aeoeaii iieueciaaoueny.
A iaoa a?aiy ?acaeoea n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee neeueii nie?aoeei
iauaiea ae?oa n ae?oaii ai iiiaeo naiueyo. Iaeiaei aeaaea naiua eo/oea
aeaoneea ia?aaea/e eee eannaou ia iiaoo caiaieoue iauaiey ?iaeeoaeae ni
naieie aeaoueie. Iii auei e inoaaony aaaeiaeoei oneiaeai ?acaeoey o
?aaaiea ii?iaeueiie ?a/e.
?aoathuoth ?ieue a noaiiaeaiee ?a/e e eniieueciaaiee aa ?aaaieii
ea?atho oaeoi?u eiiioieeaoeaiiai oa?aeoa?a. Ia?aay –
iaaeeiaeeaeaeoaeueiay – ooieoeey ?a/e ia oieueei aaiaoe/anee enoiaeiay,
ii e iniiaiiieaaathuay a noaiiaeaiee ?a/e. ?aaaiie ia/eiaao aiai?eoue
oieueei a neooaoeee iauaiey e oieueei ii o?aaiaaieth ac?ineiai ia?oia?a.
I?aaeaea anaai yoi iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony i?aeoeeie ainieoaiey aeaoae.
Nouanoaotho ia/aeueiua i?eia?u, eioi?ua iieacuaatho, e /aio i?eaiaeeo,
anee iiiai e n ethaiaueth ia aiai?eoue n ?aaaieii. ?iaeeaoenue aeooei,
?aaaiie noaiiaeony iaiui, anee aai aeaoaeo ia n?aco iaia?oaeai. A ioaao
ia naie eai?ecu, iea/ eee e?ee ii ia neuoeo ioaaoa e ia?anoaao aiiaua
?aaae?iaaoue. Ii anee /aua iaaeii a?aoue oaeiai ?aaaiea ia ?oee,
oeuaaynue e iaaeii iiaeaaeeaay, iiaeii nianoe aai io iieiie aeooiaiie
ecieyoeee.
Ecaanoiue enoi?e/aneee i?eia?: eiia?aoi? O?eae?eo 2 a ia/aea 18-ai aaea
caoioae eco/eoue i?aycue /aeiaa/anoaa e iinoaaee iiuo, a iniiaa eioi?iai
eaaeaea oaeay eaeay: anee ainieouaaoue ?aaaiea, ii i?e yoii ia
?acaiaa?eaaoue n iei, oi ii nai ii naaa caaiai?eo ia yoii i?aycuea.
?acoeueoao yoiai yenia?eiaioa iea/aaai – ana ieaaeaioeu oia?ee. Yoio
i?eia? oaeaea iiaeoaa?aeaeaao oi, /oi iauaiea e ethaiaue iaiaoiaeeiu
?aaaieo n naiiai ?iaeaeaiey.
?aoaiea aeaiiie i?iaeaiu ii?aaeaeyao i?aaeiao e iai?aaeaiea
enneaaeiaaiey, a oaeaea oeaeue, caaea/o e aeiioaco ?aaiou.
I?aaeiaoii enneaaeiaaiey yaeythony aeaoe a aic?anoa io 4 ianyoeaa aei 3
eao.
Oeaeue ?aaiou – enneaaeiaaoue ?acaeoea ?a/e ?aaaiea e ii?aaeaeeoue,
ianeieueei aaaeiia cia/aiea eiaao iauaiea n ?aaaieii aeey aa
oi?ie?iaaiey.
Aeaiiay oeaeue o?aaiaaea ?aoaiey neaaeothueo caaea/:
ii?aaeaeaiea yoaiia ?acaeoey ?a/e eae n?aaenoaa iauaiey ?aaaiea a
aic?anoa io 0 aei 3 eao;
auyaeaiea aeeyiey noaiaie iauaiey ac?ineiai n ?aaaieii ia oiae ?acaeoey
?a/e.
Aeey ?aoaiey iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/ auei i?iaaaeaii enneaaeiaaiea ?acaeoey
aeaoae a aic?anoa: 4 ianyoea; 1 aiae 3 ianyoea; 3 aiaea. Naii
enneaaeiaaiea i?iaiaeeeinue a ea/anoaa iaaethaeaiey ca iiaaaeaieai
aeaoae e eo ?aaeoeeae ia iauaiea ni ac?ineuie. Oaeaea a ?aaioa iienaiu
aeaa yenia?eiaioa:
ii eco/aieth iiieiaiey ?a/e ?aaaiea a aic?anoa io 1 aiaea;
ii ii?aaeaeaieth aeoeaiiai neiaa?iiai caiana aeaoae a aic?anoa io 3 eao
ii iaoiaeeea “?anneaaee ii ea?oeiea”.
I?iaiaeeiia enneaaeiaaiea auei iai?aaeaii ia i?iaa?eo aeiioacu:
eioaineaiia iauaiea ac?ineiai n ?aaaieii i?eaiaeeo e aieaa ?aiiaio
?acaeoeth ?a/e e iiauoaao eiiioieeaoeaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee ?aaaiea.
(1. NOUIINOUe ?ACAEOEss ?A*E ?AAAIEA
I?ioeann noaiiaeaiey o aeaoae ia?aie ooieoeee ?a/e, o.a. iaeaaeaiey
?a/ueth eae n?aaenoaii iauaiey, a oa/aiea ia?auo eao aeecie i?ioiaeeo
ianeieueei yoaiia.
Ia ia?aii yoaia ?aaaiie aua ia iiieiaao ?a/e ie?oaeathueo ac?ineuo e ia
oiaao aiai?eoue nai, ii caeanue iinoaiaiii neeaaeuaathony oneiaey,
iaania/eaathuea iaeaaeaieth ?a/ueth a iineaaeothuai. Yoi aeiaa?aaeueiue
yoai. Ia aoi?ii yoaia inouanoaeyaony ia?aoiae io iieiiai ionoonoaey
?a/e e aa iiyaeaieth. ?aaaiie ia/eiaao iiieiaoue i?inoaeoea auneacuaaiey
ac?ineuo e i?ieciineo naie ia?aua aeoeaiua neiaa. Yoi yoai aicieeiiaaiey
?a/e. O?aoee yoai ioaaouaaao ana iineaaeothuaa a?aiy aieioue aei 7 eao,
eiaaea ?aaaiie iaeaaeaaaao ?a/ueth e ana aieaa niaa?oaiii e ?aciiia?acii
eniieuecoao aa aeey iauaiey n ie?oaeathueie ac?ineuie. Yoi yoai ?acaeoey
?a/aaiai iauaiey.
Aiaeec iiaaaeaiey aeaoae ?aiiaai aic?anoa iieacuaaao – ie/oi a eo aeecie
e iiaaaeaiee ia aeaeaao aeey ieo iaiaoiaeeiui oiio?aaeaiea ?a/e; eeoue
i?enoonoaea ac?ineiai, eioi?ue iinoiyiii ia?auaaony e aeaoyi ni
neiaaniuie auneacuaaieyie e o?aaoao aaeaeaaoiie ia ieo ?aaeoeee, a oii
/enea ?a/aaie («*oi yoi?»; «Ioaaoue!»; «Iaciae!»; «Iiaoi?e!»),
canoaaeyao ?aaaiea iaeaaeaaaoue ?a/ueth. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, oieueei a
iauaiee ni ac?ineui ia?aae ?aaaieii anoaao iniaay ?aciiaeaeiinoue
eiiioieeaoeaiie caaea/e iiiyoue ia?auaiioth e iaio ?a/ue ac?ineiai e
i?iecianoe aa?aaeueiue ioaao.
Iiyoiio i?e ?anniio?aiee eaaeaeiai ec o?ao yoaiia aaiacena ?a/aaiai
iauaiey iniaia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony enneaaeiaaieth eiiioieeaoeaiiai
oaeoi?a eae ?aoathuaai oneiaey iiyaeaiey e ?acaeoey o aeaoae ?a/e.
Eiiioieeaoeaiue oaeoi? aeeyao ia ?acaeoea ?a/e o aeaoae a aa
iaaeee/iinoiie ooieoeee ia anao o?ao yoaiao noaiiaeaiey (a
aeiaa?aaeueiue ia?eiae, a iiiaio aicieeiiaaiey e a aeaeueiaeoai aa
?acaeoee). Ii ii anae aeaeeiinoe, oaeia aeeyiea iaiaeeiaeiai i?iyaeyaony
e neacuaaaony ia eaaeaeii ec yoaiia. E yoi naycaii a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue n
oai, /oi nai eiiioieeaoeaiue oaeoi? eciaiyaony o aeaoae a ?aciua
ia?eiaeu aeioeieueiiai aeaonoaa.
“Ethaay aeayoaeueiinoue oa?aeoa?ecoaony ii?aaeaeaiiie no?oeoo?ie. Aa
yeaiaioaie yaeythony iiaoaeeoaeueii-iioeaaoeeiiiay /anoue (iio?aaiinoue,
iioeau, oeaee), i?aaeiao aeayoaeueiinoe, niioaaonoaea i?aaeiaoa e iioeaa
aeayoaeueiinoe, i?iaeoeo eee ?acoeueoao aeayoaeueiinoe e n?aaenoaa aa
inouanoaeaiey (aeaenoaey e iia?aoeee)”.*
Enoiaey ec yoiai, i?aaeiaoii iauaiey eae aeayoaeueiinoe yaeyaony
ae?oaie /aeiaae, ia?oia? ii niaianoiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Eiie?aoiui
i?aaeiaoii aeayoaeueiinoe iauaiey neoaeao eaaeaeue ?ac oa ea/anoaa e
naienoaa ia?oia?a, eioi?ua i?iyaeythony i?e acaeiiaeaenoaee. Io?aaeaynue
a niciaiee ?aaaiea, iie noaiiayony caoai i?iaeoeoaie iauaiey.
Iaeiia?aiaiii ?aaaiie iiciaao e naay. I?aaenoaaeaiea i naaa (i iaeioi?uo
auyaeaoeony ai acaeiiaeaenoaee naieo ea/anoaao e naienoaao) oaeaea
aoiaeeo a i?iaeoeo iauaiey.
?acaeoea iio?aaiinoe a iauaiee
Iauaiea oa?aeoa?ecoaony oaeaea iniaie iio?aaiinoueth, ianaiaeeiie e
ae?oaei aeeciaiiui iio?aaiinoyi ?aaaiea. Iineaaeiyy ii?aaeaeyaony /a?ac
i?iaeoeo aeayoaeueiinoe eae no?aieaiea e ioeaiea e naiiioeaiea, e
iiciaieth e naiiiiciaieth.
“Ia?aay iio?aaiinoue, eioi?oth iu aeieaeiu noi?ie?iaaoue o ?aaaiea – yoi
iio?aaiinoue a ae?oaii /aeiaaea”.**
___________________________
* Eaiioueaa A.I. Aeayoaeueiinoue, niciaiea, ee/iinoue.-I.,1975. N.78
** Yeueeiiei Ae.A. Aeaoneay ineoieiaey.-I..,1960. N.105
A iauaiee iio?aaiinoue eciaiyaony ii niaea?aeaieth a caaeneiinoe io
oa?aeoa?a niaianoiie aeayoaeueiinoe ?aaaiea aa ac?ineui. Ia eaaeaeii
yoaia ?acaeoey iio?aaiinoue a iauaiee eiinoeooe?oaony eae iio?aaiinoue a
oaeii o/anoee ac?ineiai, eioi?ia iaiaoiaeeii e aeinoaoi/ii aeey ?aoaiey
?aaaieii iniiaiuo, oeie/iuo aeey aai aic?anoa caaea/.
?acee/atho ianeieueei yoaiia ?acaeoey iio?aaiinoe a iauaiee ?aaaiea ni
ac?ineui:
Iio?aaiinoue ai aieiaiee e aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiinoe ac?ineiai. Yoi
aeinoaoi/iia oneiaea aeaaiiieo/ey ?aaaiea a ia?aii iieoaiaeee aeecie.
Ioaeaea a nio?oaeie/anoaa eee a nio/anoee ac?ineiai. Oaeia niaea?aeaiea
iio?aaiinoe a iauaiee iiyaeyaony o ?aaaiea iinea iaeaaeaiey ei
i?iecaieueiui oaaoaieai.
Ioaeaea a oaaaeeoaeueiii ioiioaiee ac?ineiai. Iia aicieeaao ia oiia
iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe aeaoae, iai?aaeaiiie ia onoaiiaeaiea
/oanoaaiii ia aini?eieiaaiuo acaeiinaycae a oece/aneii ie?a. Aeaoe
no?aiyony e naiaia?aciiio «oai?aoe/aneiio» nio?oaeie/anoao ni ac?ineui,
au?aaeathuaiony a niaianoiii ianoaeaeaiee yaeaiee e niauoee i?aaeiaoiiai
ie?a. Oieueei iiieiaiea ac?ineui aaaeiinoe aeey ?aaaiea yoeo aii?inia
iaania/eaaao oaeia nio?oaeie/anoai.
Iio?aaiinoue ai acaeiiiiieiaiee e niia?aaeeaaiee ac?ineiai. Yoa
iio?aaiinoue aicieeaao a nayce n eioa?anii aeaoae e ie?o /aeiaa/aneeo
acaeiiioiioaiee e iaoneiaeaia iaeaaeaieai aeaoueie i?aaeeaie e ii?iaie
eo ioiioaiee. ?aaaiie no?aieony aeiaeoueny iauiinoe acaeyaeia ni
ac?ineui. Yoi iicaieeo iaeuoo eniieueciaaoue eo eae ?oeiaiaenoai a naieo
iinooieao.
A ?aiiai aic?anoa o aeaoae auaeaeythony /aou?a oi?iu iauaiey ni
ac?ineui: neooaoeaii-ee/iinoiia, neooaoeaii-aeaeiaia,
aianeooaoeaii-iiciaaaoaeueiia e aianeooaoeaii-ee/iinoiia.
(2. OA?AEOA?ENOEEA INIIAIUO YOAIIA ?ACAEOEss ?A*E ?AAAIEA A I?IOeANNA
IAUAIEss
IIAeAIOIAEOAEUeIUE YOAI (Aeiaa?aaeueiia ?acaeoea iauaiey)
Yoai ioaaouaaao 1-e aiae aeecie aeaoae n?ie iaaieueoie ii n?aaiaieth n
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth /aeiaa/aneie aeecie. Iaeiaei ii eiaao
/?acau/aeiia cia/aiea a aaiacena aa?aaeueiie ooieoeee ?aaaiea.
Neooaoeaii-ee/iinoiia iauaiea
Ia i?ioyaeaiee 1-ai aiaea ?aaaiie niaiyao ii e?aeiae ia?a aeaa oi?iu
iauaiey n ie?oaeathueie ac?ineuie. E 2 ianyoeai o iaai neeaaeuaaaony
neooaoeaii-ee/iinoiia iauaiea n aeeceeie ac?ineuie.
Iii oa?aeoa?ecoaony neaaeothueie /a?oaie:
iauaiea iaoiaeeony ia iieiaeaiee aaaeouae aeayoaeueiinoe aeaoae,
iiin?aaeoy ana eo inoaeueiua ioiioaiey n ie?ii;
niaea?aeaiea iio?aaiinoe aeaoae a iauaiee naiaeeony e ioaeaea a
aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiii aieiaiee ac?ineuo; aaaeouei n?aaee iioeaia iauaiey
yaeyaony ee/iinoiue iioea;
iniiaiui n?aaenoaii iauaiey n ie?oaeathueie ethaeueie neoaeeo aeey
ieaaeaioeaa eaoaai?ey au?aceoaeueiuo (yeni?anneaii-ieie/aneeo)
aeaeaeaiee e iic.
Neooaoeaii-aeaeiaia iauaiea
A eiioea ia?aiai iieoaiaeey ?aaaiie, iaeaaeaaoee oaaoaieai, ia?aoiaeeo
ia o?iaaiue aoi?ie, aieaa neiaeiie oi?iu iauaiey ni ac?ineuie. Yoi
neooaoeaii-aeaeiaia iauaiea. Iii ioee/aaony oaeeie iniaaiiinoyie:
iauaiea ?acai?a/eaaaony ia oiia i?aaeiaoiuo iaieioeyoeee, ninoaaeythueo
iiaue aeae aeayoaeueiinoe ?aaaiea, eioi?ay caieiaao iieiaeaiea aaaeouae;
niaea?aeaiea iio?aaiinoe aeaoae a iauaiee iaiaauaaony iiaui eiiiiiaioii
no?aieaieai ?aaaiea e nio?oaeie/anoao, e niaianoiiio aeaenoaeth n
ie?oaeathueie
ac?ineuie; yoio eiiiiiaio ia ioiaiyao i?aaeiae ioaeaeu aeaoae a
aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiii aieiaiee ac?ineuo, a niaaeeiyaony n iae;
aaaeouei n?aaee iioeaia iauaiey noaiiaeony aeaeiaie iioea, oae eae
aeaoe, iiaoaeaeaaiua i?aeoe/aneeie caaea/aie iaieioeyoeaiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, euoo oaia?ue eiioaeoia ni ac?ineui;
iniiaiui n?aaenoaii iauaiey n ie?oaeathueie ethaeueie aeey ieaaeaioeaa
neoaeeo eaoaai?ey ecia?aceoaeueiuo (i?aaeiaoii-aeaenoaaiiuo) aeaeaeaiee
e iic i?aaeiaoiuo aeaenoaee, i?aia?aciaaiiuo aeey ooieoeeiie?iaaiey a
ea/anoaa eiiioieeaoeaiuo neaiaeia.
Yiioeeiiaeueiua e ia?aua i?inoua i?aeoe/aneea eiioaeou, caiueathueany
iaaeaeo aeaoueie e ac?ineuie a ?aieao aeaoo ia?auo oi?i iauaiey, ia
o?aaotho io ?aaaiea aeaaeaiey ?a/ueth; ii ath e ia iaeaaeaaaao. Iaeiaei
neacaiiia ia iaicia/aao, /oi ieaaeaiaoe aiiaua ieeae ia noaeeeaaaony n
?a/ueth. Eae ?ac iaiai?io: neiaaniua aicaeaenoaey ninoaaeytho aieueooth
e cia/eoaeueioth /anoue iiaaaeaiey ac?ineiai ii ioiioaieth e ?aaaieo.
Iiyoiio iiaeii i?aaeiieaaaoue, /oi o ieaaeaioeaa ?aii iiyaeyaony iniaia
ioiioaiea e caoeai ?a/e aneaaenoaea eo ia?ac?uaiie nayce n oeao?ie
ac?ineiai /aeiaaea, ninoaaeythuae aeey ?aaaiea oeaio? ie?a ia yoaia
neooaoeaii-ee/iinoiiai iauaiey e aanueia aaaeioth aai /anoue ia yoaia
neooaoeaii-aeaeiaiai iauaiey.
Ia?aue caoe, eioi?ue ecaeaao ?aaaiie, – yoi aai ia?aue e?ee i?e
?iaeaeaiee. Ii aua ia eiaao ioiioaiey e ?a/e, ii yoi oaea ?aoeaen
aieiniaiai aiia?aoa.
Aieaeecaoeee eiatho aeae ei?ioeeo eee iaao/eo caoeia, a eioi?uo
au?aaeaaony ninoiyiea ?aaaiea, ia/eiay io ainoi?aa (ane?eee, aeca) e aei
iai?yaeaiiiai nin?aaeioi/aiey (aoeaiea).
Iiaeaioiaea e iaeaaeaieth ycueii ia/eiaaony oaea a 2-4 ianyoea n
oi?aaeiaiee a i?ieciioaiee ioaeaeueiuo caoeia. ?aaaiie i?ieciineo
caaeiaiaaiua e aeaniua caoee “AEU”, “IEO”. Caeanue eoia aeia?ie
o?aaeeoeee “iaoeaoue” n aeaoueie.
Aieaeecaoeee aeaoae 1-ai aiaea aeecie yaeythony i?aae?a/aauie, oioy
eiiaaea iaeioi?ua ec ieo eiatho aiaoiaa noiaenoai ni neiaaie. Oae,
ieaaeaiaoe iiaeao eaiaoaoue «aey-aey», ii yoio caoeieiiieaen ia
ioee/aaony oeene?iaaiiui cao/aieai. I?aae?a/aaua aieaeecaoeee /anoi
nii?iaiaeaeatho caiyoey ieaaeaioea n i?aaeiaoaie e neoaeao aieiniaui
aeeiiiaiaiaioii i?aaeiaoiuo aeaenoaee. Iaeiaei /anoi aieaeecaoeee
eniieuecothony aeaoueie e aeey iauaiey n ie?oaeathueie ethaeueie.
I. I. Uaeiaaiia e I. I. Aena?eia, I. E. Oeao?ei e I. I. Aeaieniaa, I.
TH. Eenoyeianeay e ae?oaea aaoi?u iaycaoaeueii aeeth/atho i?aae?a/aaua
aieaeecaoeee a ninoaa “eiiieaena iaeeaeaiey”, eioi?ue yaeyaony aeaeii
nioeeaeueiiai iiaaaeaiey ?aaaiea. N iiiiuueth aieaeecaoeee aeaoe ii
naiae eieoeeaoeaa i?eaeaeatho aieiaiea ac?ineiai, n iiiiuueth caoeia
noa?athony oaea?aeaoue ac?ineiai aicea naay, iin?aaenoaii eo niiauatho
ac?ineiio ia eniuouaaaiii oaeiaieuenoaee eee i ninoiyiee aeeneiioi?oa.
Oaeei ia?acii, ia 1-i aiaeo aeecie aeaoe aeoeaii neooatho neiaaniua
aicaeaenoaey ac?ineuo, a i?e ioaaoa ia ia?auaiey noa?oeo ia?oia?ia e a
neo/ayo eieoeee?iaaiey eiioaeoia n ie?oaeathueie ethaeueie eniieuecotho
i?aae?a/aaua aieaeecaoeee. Aua aei iiyaeaiey nianoaaiiie ?a/e aeaoe oaea
iiieiatho io 50 aei 100 neia.
I?eaeeceoaeueii a 8 ianyoeaa ?aaaiie ia/eiaao iiae?aaeaoue caoeai,
eioi?ua neuoeo.
Iiaeii auaeaeiooue i?aaeiieiaeaiea i oii, /oi aua a aeiaa?aaeueiue
ia?eiae o ?aaaiea neeaaeuaaaony iniaia ioiioaiea e caoeai ?a/e
ie?oaeathueo ac?ineuo.
Ioiioaiea oa?aeoa?ecoaony i?aeiouanoaaiiui auaeaeaieai caoeia ?a/e
n?aaee ae?oaeo ia?a/aauo caoeia e iiauoaiiie yiioeeiiaeueiie ie?aneie
aini?eyoey ia?auo.
Oaea a ia?aii iieoaiaeee neiaaniua aicaeaenoaey ac?ineiai aucuaatho
iiuioth i?eaioe?iai/ioth ?aaeoeeth aeaoae, niaiythuothny /a?ac
ianeieueei naeoiae ao?iie ?aaeinoueth. Aei 4-5 ianyoeaa ?acaiai?
ac?ineiai, ia?auaiiue e ieaaeaioeo, aucuaaao o iaai “eiiieaen
iaeeaeaiey” (?aaeinoiia iiaaaeaiea, au?aaeathuaany oeuaeie,
nin?aaeioi/aiiui e naaoeui aci?ii, aicaoaeaeaiiui aeaeaeaieai, e
caoeaie) iaeneiaeueiie neeu e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe. Yoi aicaeaenoaea ii
yooaeoeaiinoe ?aaii eanea, a eioi?oth aoiaeyo e oeuaea, e iiaeaaeeaaiea
?aaaiea.
?a/aaua aicaeaenoaey ac?ineuo aucuaatho ai aoi?ii iieoaiaeee ioaaoiia
iiaaaeaiea iniaiai ninoaaa, ioee/iiai io ioaaoa, eioi?ue aucuaatho o
aeaoae ?aciiia?aciua caoee, enoiaeyuea io iaiaeooaaeaiiuo i?aaeiaoia. A
iiaaaeaiee ?aaaiea i?e neooaiee ?acaiai?a ac?ineiai a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
auyaeyaony i?eaioe?iai/iia ia/aei.
Oaeei ia?acii, oaea a ia?aua ianyoeu aeecie aeaoe ia/eiatho n?aaee
caoeiauo ?acae?aaeeoaeae auaeaeyoue e oeene?iaaoue ?a/aaua aicaeaenoaey
ie?oaeathueo ethaeae.
E eiioeo 1-ai aiaea o aeaoae iaaethaeaaony oaeoaeaiea aiaeeca oaea naieo
?a/aauo caoeia: auaeaeythony aeaa ?aciuo ia?aiao?a oaia?iaue e
oiiaeueiue. Ai aoi?ii iieoaiaeee ?aaaiie ia?aoiaeeo e aieaa neiaeiiio
acaeiiaeaenoaeth ni ac?ineui. A oiaea yoiai acaeiiaeaenoaey o ?aaaiea
iiyaeyaony ioaeaea a iiauo n?aaenoaao eiiioieeaoeee, eioi?ua iaania/eee
au aio acaeiiiiieiaiea ni ac?ineuie.
Oaeei n?aaenoaii iauaiey noaiiaeony ?a/ue, aia/aea ianneaiay
(iiieiaiea), a caoai aeoeaiay (eieoeeaoeaiua auneacuaaiey naiiai
?aaaiea).
YOAI AICIEEIIAAIEss ?A*E
Aoi?ie yoai neoaeeo ia?aoiaeiie nooiaiueth iaaeaeo aeaoiy yiioaie a
iauaiee ?aaaiea n ie?oaeathueie ethaeueie aeiaa?aaeueiie e aa?aaeueiie.
Ianiio?y ia oaeia i?iiaaeooi/iia iieiaeaiea, ii ?anoyioo ai a?aiaie e
ioaaouaaao iau/ii aieaa iieoaiaea io eiioea 1-ai aiaea aei aoi?ie
iieiaeiu 2-ai aiaea. A neo/aa caiaaeeaiiiai ?a/aaiai ?acaeoey aoi?ie
yoai iiaeao ?anoyiooueny ia aiae iieoi?a.
Iniiaiia niaea?aeaiea aoi?iai yoaia ninoaaeytho aeaa niauoey: aicieeaao
iiieiaiea ?a/e ie?oaeathueo ac?ineuo e iiyaeythony ia?aua aa?aaeecaoeee
– ia?eiae eaiaoa, eee iineiaiaie ?a/e. Ii i?iaeieaeaaony
i?eaeeceoaeueii aei eiioea ia?aiai aiaea aeecie.
“?aaaiie ia/eiaao iiieiaoue, /oi caoee e eo eiiaeiaoeee iiaoo icia/aoue
ii?aaeaeaiiua i?aaeiaou, /oi n eo iiiiuueth iiaeii aeinoeaiooue i/aiue
iiiaiai, /oi neacaa “ai-ai” iiaeii iieo/eoue anoue, a neacaa “ia-ia”,
iiaeii iicaaoue iaio”*
Iaa niauoey oanii naycaiu iaaeaeo niaie, e ia oieueei ai a?aiaie, ii e
ii nouanoao. Iie i?aaenoaaeytho niaie aeaoaaeeiue niinia ?aoaiey iaeiie
eiiioieeaoeaiie caaea/e. Caaea/o noaaeo ia?aae ?aaaieii ac?ineue ii
o?aaoao io aeaoae auiieieoue aeaenoaea ii neiaaniie eino?oeoeee e
i?aaeoniao?eaaao a iaeioi?uo neo/ayo aeaenoaea ia oieueei eieiiioi?iia
eee i?aaeiaoiia, ii e aa?aaeueiia. Anee ac?ineue ia i?aaeoniao?eaaao
?a/aaiai ioaaoa e ia ianoaeaaao ia iai, oi o aeaoae ia?acoaony ?ac?ua
iaaeaeo o?iaiai ?acaeoey ianneaiie e aeoeaiie ?a/e n ionoaaaieai
iineaaeiae. E iiieiaiea ?a/e ac?ineiai, e neiaaniue ioaao ia iaa
inouanoaeythony ia iniiaa aeoeaiiai aini?eyoey auneacuaaiey e aai
i?iaiaa?eaaiey. I?iaiaa?eaaiea aunooiaao i?e yoii e eae ia?oeaioeaiia
aeaenoaea, ____________________________
* E.N. Auaiaeneee. Iuoeaiea e ?a/ue.-I., 1982, n.25
iiaeaee?othuaa niaoeeoe/aneea ?a/aaua oaia?u e eae niinia i?iecaieueiiai
a?oeeoee?iaaiey i?ieciineiiai neiaa.
Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia acaeiiaeaenoaea ac?ineiai e ?aaaiea
Niiinoaaeaiea iniiaiuo oneiaee, a eioi?uo i?ienoiaeeo onaiaiea aeaoueie
ia?auo neia a aeeoaeneeo neooaoeeyo i?eaaei ian e auaiaeo i
nouanoaiaaiee oeie/iie neooaoeee, iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiie aeey ?acaeoey
?a/e, eiaaea i?ienoiaeeo eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia acaeiiaeaenoaea ac?ineiai e
?aaaiea.
N iiiiuueth iaoeo?uo niiniaia ac?ineue i?eaeaeaao aieiaiea ?aaaiea e
i?aaeiaoo, aeey /aai iieacuaaao ia i?aaeiao, i?iaeaeuaaao n iei oa eee
eiua iaieioeyoeee, i?ioyaeaaao ?aaaieo, nai iia?oaeaaony a
?anniao?eaaiea i?aaeiaoa e o. ae. I?e yoii ac?ineue i?ieciineo neiai,
iaicia/athuaa i?aaeiao, e iaiaeiie?aoii yoi neiai iiaoi?yao.
Oaeei ia?acii, ?aaaiie onaaeaaao aeaa iniiaiuo yeaiaioa caaea/e: iauaeo
e aai neiaaniia iaicia/aiea a nayce ae?oa n ae?oaii. E?iia oiai,
ac?ineue nicaeaao i?aeoe/aneoth iaiaoiaeeiinoue aeey ?aaaiea onaieoue
yoo naycue e iao/eoueny aeooaeece?iaaoue aa. N yoie oeaeueth ac?ineue
eeai i?ineo ?aaaiea iacaaoue oeacuaaaiue i?aaeiao, eeai nai iacuaaao aai
e aeaeao, iouuao ee ?aaaiie ioaeiue iauaeo n?aaee a?oiiu ae?oaeo.
Oniaoiia aeaenoaea ?aaaiea aiciaa?aaeaeaaony auaea/ae aio i?aaeiaoa aeey
ea?u, a eioi?oth eiiaaea aeeth/aaony e ac?ineue. Eaeay iio?aaiinoue
eaaeeo a iniiaa ?aoaiey ?aaaieii ?a/aaie eiiioieeaoeaiie caaea/e?
Iiaeao auoue, yoi iio?aaiinoue a iaeaaeaiee i?aaeiaoii aeey iieo/aiey io
iaai iiauo aia/aoeaiee eee aeey aeoeaiiai iaieioee?iaaiey n iei? Oiaaea
oniaoiinoue iao/aiey aeieaeia caaenaoue io i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe i?aaeiaoa,
io aai aeaeaoaeueiinoe aeey ?aaaiea.
Eee aea aeaaioth ?ieue ea?aao iio?aaiinoue ?aaaiea a iauaiee ni
ac?ineui, aeey eioi?iai iaieioeyoeee n i?aaeiaoii ninoaaeytho oieueei
i?aaeeia e iiaiae? Oiaaea oniaoiinoue iao/aiey aeieaeia caaenaoue io
ioiioaiee ?aaaiea n oai ac?ineui, eioi?ue o/eo aai aiai?eoue, io
niaea?aeaiey eiiioieeaoeaiuo naycae iaaeaeo ia?oia?aie. Enoiaey ec
iiceoeee, ?anniio?aiiie iaie auoa, iu aua?aee aoi?oth aeueoa?iaoeao e
i?aaeiieiaeeee, /oi onaiaiea aeaoueie ianneaiie ?a/e e i?iecianaiea eie
ia?auo aeoeaiuo neia a ?aoathuae noaiaie caaeneo io iauaiey iaaeaeo
ac?ineui e ?aaaieii.
Noi?iiu eiiioieeaoeaiiai oaeoi?a
Iaiaoiaeeii auaeaeeoue a eiiioieeaoeaiii oaeoi?a o?e noi?iiu, eaaeaeay
ec eioi?uo i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ?acoeueoao onoiyaoeony ca iiiaea ianyoeu
eiioaeoia ?aaaiea n ie?oaeathueie ac?ineuie:
yiioeeiiaeueiua eiioaeou,
eiioaeou a oiaea niaianoiuo aeaenoaee,
aieiniaua eiioaeou.
?anniio?ei eiioaeou eaaeaeiai ?iaea ioaeaeueii.
Yiioeeiiaeueiua eiioaeou.
Iiiaea enneaaeiaaoaee ?aiiaai aeaonoaa oeacuaatho ia caaea?aeee a
?a/aaii ?acaeoee ?aaaiea, ?anoouaai a oneiaeyo ainieoaeecia eee
cia/eoaeueioth /anoue a?aiaie i?iaiaeyuaai a aeaoneii o/?aaeaeaiee, aaea
aieueoia aieiaiea oaeaeytho oece/aneiio ooiaeo ca aeaoueie, aaea iiiai
ea?ooae e iiiai ianeoaeeaathueo ?aaaiea aiai?yueo ac?ineuo, ii ?aaaieo
iaaeinoaao aeeceeo, ee/iinoiuo eiioaeoia.
Oaeea enneaaeiaaoaee, eae I. I. Aena?eia, A. E. Eaaa?eia, O. E.
O?aaeeeia, I. I, Uaeiaaiia auneacuaatho i?aaeiieiaeaiea, /oi ionoaaaiea
a ?a/aaii ?acaeoee iaaethaeaaony anaaaea, eiaaea ?aaaiie ia yoaia
iauaiey ni ac?ineuie eniuouaaao iaaeinoaoie a ee/iii, iieiaeeoaeueii
ie?aoaiiii yiioeeiiaeueiii eiioaeoa n ieie eee eiaaea a yoii eiioaeoa
iaaethaeathony eaeea-eeai aeaoaeou. Yiioeeiiaeueiua nayce o aeaoae ni
ac?ineuie aia?aua aicieeatho anei?a iinea ?iaeaeaiey e e 2 ianyoeai
neeaaeuaathony a neiaeioth aeayoaeueiinoue, a eioi?ie iaiai ia?oia?ia
au?aaeaieyie acaeiiiai oaeiaieuenoaey e eioa?ana ninoaaeyao iniiaiia
niaea?aeaiea e nooue.
Iinea ia?aoiaea aeaoae ia o?iaaiue aieaa aunieie oi?iu
neooaoeaii-aeaeiaiai iauaiey cia/aiea yiioeeiiaeueiuo eiioaeoia ia
oiaiueoaaony. Iii, nei?aa, aeaaea aic?anoaao, oae eae ?aniieiaeaiea
?aaaiea e ac?ineiai ae?oa e ae?oao aeeth/aao oaia?ue ioeaieo oaeaea e
i?aeoe/aneeo oiaiee, niiniaiinoae e eioa?aniie niaianoiie
aeayoaeueiinoe. Iiaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi a i?enoonoaee /aeiaaea, e
eioi?iio ?aaaiie eniuouaaao ?aniieiaeaiea e i?eaycaiiinoue, aeaoe aoaeoo
/oanoaiaaoue naay aieaa iai?eioaeaeaiii, noaioo naiaiaeii
i?eaioe?iaaoueny a ie?oaeathuai, noiatho naiaa?aiaiii ia?aeeth/aoue
aieiaiea n iaeieo yeaiaioia neooaoeee ia ae?oaea e iioiio nei?aa niiaoo
naycaoue iaaeaeo niaie aeae i?aaeiaoa e aai iacaaiea oae, eae oiai
o?aaoao auaeaeaaaiay ac?ineui caaea/a. Iniiaaiey aeey oaeiai
i?aaeiieiaeaiey iiaeii ii/a?iiooue, a /anoiinoe, a iaeiie ec ?aaio N.
TH.Iaua?yeiaie*, iieacaaoae a naieo iiuoao, /oi a i?enoonoaee 6eeceiai
ac?ineiai aeaoe eiioea 1-ai aiaea aeecie aeoeaiaa ianeaaeotho
neooaoeeth, /ai a iaeeii/anoaa eee a iauanoaa iaeiciaeiiiai ei /aeiaaea,
e eioi?iio iie ia /oanoaotho i?eaycaiiinoe.
____________________________
* Iaua?yeiaa N.TH., Aaaeaaaa I.I. Au e ieaaeaiaoe.-I.,1991. N.21-45
Aeaeaa, iiuo aeeceeo ioiioaiee ni ac?ineui iiiiaaao ?aaaieo auno?aa
auaeaeeoue eiiioieeaoeaioth ?a/aaoth caaea/o, iaeoe n?aaenoaa aeey aa
?aoaiey. Aeaoe niaeaa niio?yo a eeoei aeeceiai ac?ineiai, nei?aa
iaia?oaeeaatho aeaeaeaiea aoa /aeiaaea i?e a?oeeoee?iaaiee ei neiaa e
auno?aa ia?aieiatho yoi aeaeaeaiea iooai ?anniao?eaaiey e iuoiuaaiey
?oeie. Yiioeeiiaeueiue eiioaeo ni ac?ineuie ieacuaaao aieueoia aeeyiea
ia oi?ie?iaaiea o aeaoae c?eoaeueii-neooiauo naycae, ?ieue eioi?uo eiaao
aieueoia cia/aiea ia yoaia aicieeiiaaiey ?a/e.
Iaiaoiaeeii iiae/a?eiooue oaeaea, /oi aooaeoeaiia ?aniieiaeaiea e
ac?ineiio oneeeaaao oaiaeaioeeth aeaoae ?aiiaai aic?anoa e
iiae?aaeaieth. Eiae/ii aeoiaoue, /oi a ioiioaiee aeaeaeaiey ?a/aauo
i?aaiia iiaeao i?iyaeoueny oa aea oaiaeaioeey. A yoi icia/aao, /oi
a?oeeoee?iaaiea iacaaiey i?aaeiaoa auciaao o ?aaaiea neeiiiinoue
iiaoi?youe i?ieciineiua ac?ineuie neiaa e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, aoaeao
niinianoaiaaoue i?eiyoeth aeaoueie eiiioieeaoeaeie ?a/aaie caaea/e,
i?eaeano ae iiaoaeeoaeueiia aeaenoaea.
Oaeei ia?acii, anoanoaaiii i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi yiioeeiiaeueiua eiioaeou
ni ac?ineui iiaoo ieacuaaoue noeioee?othuaa aeeyiea ia noaiiaeaiea
aa?aaeueiie ooieoeee aeaaiaea?y oiio, /oi aucuaatho o ?aaaiea aeaeaiea
aiai?eoue, eae aiai?eo ac?ineue.
Eiioaeou a oiaea niaianoiuo aeaenoaee
Eiioaeou a oiaea niaianoiuo aeaenoaee e ia/aeo yoaia noaiiaeaiey ?a/e
oaeaea ninoaaeytho cia/eoaeueioth /anoue nioeeaeueiiai iiuoa ?aaaiea.
I?aeoe/aneia nio?oaeie/anoai ni ac?ineui a oneiaeyo, eiaaea noa?oea
i?aaiecotho aeayoaeueiinoue aeaoae, iiiiaatho aa inouanoaeyoue e
eiio?iee?otho i?ioeann aa inouanoaeaiey, i?eaiaeeo e oiio, /oi o ?aaaiea
oi?ie?oaony iaiauaiiay iiceoeey ieaaeoaai ia?oia?a, aaaeiiiai ac?ineui e
iinoiyiii o/eouaathuaai eieoeeaoeao iineaaeiaai.
Enneaaeiaaiea N. A. Ei?ieoeeie iieacaei, /oi i?aaeiaoiay aeayoaeueiinoue
aeaoae, ia/eiay ni aoi?iai iieoaiaeey, iiaeao ?acaeaaoueny aaoiiiiii a
nenoaia «?aaaiie – ie? aauae», aac o/anoey ac?ineiai. A yoii neo/aa
aeayoaeueiinoue iauaiey inoaaony ia i?eieoeaiii o?iaia e iau/ii ia
auoiaeeo ca i?aaeaeu neooaoeaii-ee/iinoiiai iauaiey. Yoio oaeo
au?aaeaaony a oii, /oi ?aaaiie, ia iieo/eaoee iiuoa i?aeoe/aneiai
nio?oaeie/anoaa ni ac?ineuie, oiaao iaieioee?iaaoue i?aaeiaoaie e
iaieioi caieiaaony a iaeeii/anoaa n ea?ooeaie. Anee aea e iaio
ia?auaaony ac?ineue, oi ?aaaiie oi/ao iieo/eoue io iaai oieueei eaneo
oyiaony ia ?oee, i?eaeeiaaony, a a niaianoioth aeayoaeueiinoue ia
anooiaao. I?ioyiooue ac?ineui i?aaeiao oaeie ?aaaiie auno?i oa?yao; ii
ia eniuouaaao a i?enoonoaee ac?ineuo eioa?ana e ea?ooeai; iiaeiuaiiue
nica?oeaieai ac?ineiai, ?aaaiie /anoi eae au ia aeaeeo i?aaeiaoa e
iiaeao iiaeieao niio?aoue «neaicue» iaai ia /aeiaaea.
Iiaeii aeoiaoue, /oi ionoonoaea eee neoaeiinoue eiioaeoia aeaoae ni
ac?ineuie a oiaea niaianoiuo aeaenoaee aoaeao iaoaoue ?aaaieo i?eiyoue
eiiioieeaoeaioth ?a/aaoth caaea/o. Aaaeue aeey oiai, /oiau oniaoii
ni?aaeoueny n iae, aio ioaeii oiaoue auaeaeyoue a neooaoeee e ac?ineiai,
e i?aaeiao e, aeaaiia, iao/eoueny naycuaaoue aiaaeeii iiaaaeaiea
ac?ineiai, a?oeeoee?othuaai neiai, n i?aaeiaoii, eioi?ue ac?ineue
neiaanii iaicia/aao. E iaiai?io, iiuo niaianoiie ni ac?ineuie
aeayoaeueiinoe, no?iyuaeny ia iniiaaiee eniieueciaaiey i?aaeiaoia,
aii?oaeaao ?aaaiea iaiauaiiuie oiaieyie e iaaueaie, iieaciuie aeey
?aoaiey eiiioieeaoeaiie ?a/aaie caaea/e. Naiia aaaeiia cia/aiea eiaao,
ii-aeaeeiiio, oio oaeo, /oi a ?acoeueoaoa neooaoeaii-aeaeiaiai iauaiey
?aaaiie iao/aaony aini?eieiaoue ac?ineiai eae nio?oaeie/athuaai n iei
noa?oaai ia?oia?a e ia noieueei euao aai eanee, neieueei anoanoaaiii
aeeth/aao aai eae aaaeiaeoee eiiiiiaio a oo i?iaeaiioth neooaoeeth, a
eioi?oth iiiaaeaao ii nai.
Aeaeaa, aai aieiaiea nin?aaeioi/eaaaony eiaiii ia aeaenoaeyo ac?ineiai
ia aai iaieioeyoeeyo n i?aaeiaoii e ia a?oeeoee?iaaiee ei iacaaiey
ea?ooee. E iaeiiaoe, iiiu?aiey ac?ineiai ?aaaiie neeiiai naycuaaoue ni
naieie nianoaaiiuie aeaenoaeyie, ii euao iaeia?aiey naieo iiiuoie e
iioiio niiniaai aeiaieueii auno?i ioa?ineoue iai?aaeeueiua aeou
(iai?eia?, o?aaiaaiea e?eeii aeaoue aio i?aaeiao eee oii?iua iiiuoee,
iie/a aeioyiooueny aei i?aaeiaoa) e cae?aieoue aeou, aaaeouea e oeaee
(eco/aiea a?oeeoeyoeeiiiuo aeaeaeaiee ac?ineiai, iiiuoee aeoeaii
iiaoi?eoue neiai, i?ieciineiia ac?ineui).
Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeii n/eoaoue: i?aeoe/aneea eiioaeou ?aaaiea ni
ac?ineui a oiaea niaianoiuo aeaenoaee iiaoo iieiaeeoaeueii aeeyoue ia
noaiiaeaiea ?a/e aeaaiaea?y oiio, /oi i?aaiecotho i?eaioe?iaeo ?aaaiea,
iiiiaatho aio auaeaeeoue eeth/aaua eiiiiiaiou neooaoeee ac?ineiai e
i?aaeiao e oaeaeaoue a iiaaaeaiee ac?ineiai aai niaea?aeaiea
ia?auaiiinoue e i?aaeiaoo e a?oeeoee?iaaiea iaicia/athuaai yoio
i?aaeiao neiaa.
Aieiniaua eiioaeou.
Aieiniaia acaeiiaeaenoaea – ?aciiaeaeiinoue neooaoeaii-ee/iinoiiai
iauaiey, iineieueeo naiaeeony e iaiaio eioi?iaoeeae ia aooaeoeaiii
ioiioaiee iaeiiai ia?oia?a e ae?oaiio. Oiio?aaeaiea aieaeueiuo caoeia
eae eiiioieeaoeaiuo neaiaeia iiaeaioaaeeaaao ?aaaiea e inaiaieth ?a/e.
Anee ?aaaieo ia i?aaenoaaeai aieiniaie caoe eae iineoaeue
eiiioieeaoeaiie eioi?iaoeee, ii naiinoiyoaeueii ia ioe?uaaao oao
aiciiaeiinoae, eioi?ua ne?uou a yoii caoea aeey aeayoaeueiinoe iauaiey.
Ecaanoii, /oi, anee ?aaaiie ec-ca iniauo ianoiyoaeuenoa ieacuaaaony aia
/aeiaa/aneiai ie?oaeaiey e ia neuoeo a ?aiiai aic?anoa ?a/e ac?ineuo,
?acaeoey nianoaaiiie ?a/e o iaai ia i?ienoiaeeo («aeaoe – Iaoaee»).
Ia yoie nayce naeaeaoaeuenoaoao oaeaea ?acaeoea aeooiou o ii?iaeueii
neuoaueo aeaoae, ainieouaaaiuo aeooiiaiuie ?iaeeoaeyie e eciee?iaaiiuo
io oe?ieiai nioeeaeueiiai ie?oaeaiey. I?aaaea, iaeioi?ua niaoeeaeenou
iiae/a?eeaatho a?iaeaeaiiue oa?aeoa? niiniaiinoe ?aaaiea e ?a/e. Ii e
iie ?anniao?eaatho neuoeioth ?a/ue eae caoeiaie iaoa?eae, ec eioi?iai
?aaaiie a aeaeueiaeoai no?ieo ?a/ue. Ecaanoii, /oi i?e iaaeaiee ii?iu
neuoeiie ?a/e ieaea iaeioi?iai i?aaeaea aicieeaao ninoiyiea ?a/aaie
naini?iie aeai?eaaoeee, oi?iicyuaa aa?aaeueiia ?acaeoea aeaoae.
Yoe oaeou iaaethaeathony o aeaoae, ainieouaathueony a ia?aua ianyoeu
aeecie a oneiaeyo cae?uoiai aeaoneiai o/?aaeaeaiey. Iiiaea
enneaaeiaaoaee n/eoatho, /oi io?eoeaoaeueiia aeeyiea ia aa?aaeueiia
?acaeoea ieacuaaao oaeaea ?a/ue, iaeiiia?aciay a caoeiaii ioiioaiee, ia
ie?aoaiiay y?eeie yiioeeyie e ia aae?aniaaiiay i?yii ?aaaieo. Ia yoie
iniiaa auaeaeaaaony iiiyoea ?a/aaie ieoaoaeueiie n?aaeu,
aeaaii?eyonoaothuae noaiiaeaieth o aeaoae ?a/e. A oaeie n?aaea o aeaoae
oi?ie?oaony iio?aaiinoue a iiieiaiee ?a/e, aac eioi?ie naiia aunieia
ianuuaiea iiuoa ?aaaiea aa?aaeueiuie aia/aoeaieyie ieacuaaaony
aaniieaciui.
E iai?ioea, iaaethaeaiea aeaoae ca aiai?yueie ac?ineuie e i?enoaeueiia
aieiaiea ac?ineuo e aieaeecaoeee aeaoae, ?aaeinoue ac?ineuo a ioaao ia
aieiniaua i?iyaeaiey ?aaaiea, iiiu?aiea ac?ineuie eaaeaeiai iiaiai
aieaeueiiai caoea i?eaiaeyo e cae?aieaieth e i?ia?anneaiie ia?ano?ieea
i?aae?a/aauo aieaeecaoeee n iinoaiaiiui i?eaeeaeaieai eo e ?a/e
ie?oaeathueo ac?ineuo. Aaaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi a oiaea aieiniaiai iauaiey
o aeaoae iiyaeythony caoeieiiieaenu, eioi?ua iicaeiaa ia/eiatho
oiio?aaeyoueny ?aaaieii a ea/anoaa ia?auo neia. Yoi eaiaoiua ia?aciaaiey
oeia «ia-ia», «ia-ia», «aey-aey», «ia» e o. ae. Ac?ineua n aioiaiinoueth
iiaeoaaouaatho yoe eaiaoiua ia?aciaaiey, iiiaie?aoii aica?auatho eo
?aaaieo («Neaaee: ia-ia») e oai oeene?otho eo a ?aia?ooa?a aieaeecaoeee
aeaoae. Ac?ineua niciaoaeueii naycuaatho ioaeaeueiua caoeieiiieaenu
aeaoae n i?aaeiaoaie eee aeaenoaeyie («I?aaeeueii, yoi iaia!»),
niinianoaoy oai naiui onaiaieth aeaoueie ooieoeee ?a/e.
Oaeei ia?acii, aieiniaua eiioaeou ?aaaiea ni ac?ineuie iiaoo
iieiaeeoaeueii aeeyoue ia noaiiaeaiea aa?aaeueiie ooieoeee. Iaeiaei
iiaeii oaeaea i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi neuoeiua aeaoueie ?a/aaua
aicaeaenoaey ac?ineuo iiaoo iieiaeeoaeueii aeeyoue ia ?acaeoea o iaeuoae
aa?aaeueiie ooieoeee oieueei a oii neo/aa, anee yoe aicaeaenoaey aoaeoo
aeeth/aiu a i?ioeann iauaiey ?aaaiea ni ac?ineui, oae /oi iiieiaiea ?a/e
ie?oaeathueo ethaeae e iino?iaiea nianoaaiiiai aeoeaiiai auneacuaaiey
i?eia?aoatho aaaeiia cia/aiea aeey inouanoaeaiey eiioaeoia ?aaaiea ni
ac?ineuie.
Auneacaiiua auoa niia?aaeaiey iicaieytho iai ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi ia yoaia
noaiiaeaiey ?a/e iauaiea ?aaaiea ni ac?ineui nicaeaao iioeiaeueiue
eeeiao aeey iaeaaeaiey ia?auie neiaaie, iiaoaeaeay ?aaaiea i?eiyoue
?a/aaoth caaea/o e iouneaoue n?aaenoaa aeey aa ?ac?aoaiey.
YOAI ?ACAEOEss ?A*AAIAI IAUAIEss
Iniiaiuie niauoeyie ia yoaia ?acaeoey ?a/aaiai iauaiey yaeythony:
ai-ia?auo, eciaiaiea niaea?aeaiey iauaiey e ?acaeoea niioaaonoaothueo
yoiio ooieoeee ?a/e eae n?aaenoaa iauaiey; ai-aoi?uo, iaeaaeaiea
i?iecaieueiie ?aaoeyoeeae ?a/aauie n?aaenoaaie.
Eciaiaiea niaea?aeaiey ?a/aaiai iauaiey.
Oaeiaeaoai?aiea iiciaaaoaeueiuo eioa?ania aeaoae i?eaiaeeo e oaeoaeaieth
eo ciaeiinoaa n ie?oaeathuei e e aiaea/aieth a noa?o eo aieiaiey ie?a
ethaeae – iauaeoia e i?ioeannia nioeeaeueiiai ie?a. I?e yoii
ia?ano?aeaaaony e oi?ia iauaiey aeaoae – iia noaiiaeony
aianeooaoeaii-ee/iinoiie. Aa ioee/eoaeueiua i?eciaee:
aianeooaoeaii-ee/iinoiia iauaiea i?ioaeaao ia oiia ea?u eae aaaeouae
aeayoaeueiinoe;
niaea?aeaieai iio?aaiinoe aeaoae a iauaiee yaeyaony eo iio?aaiinoue ai
acaeiiiiieiaiee e niia?aaeeaaiee ac?ineiai, oae eae niaiaaeaiea iiaiee e
ioeaiie ?aaaiea ni acaeyaeaie noa?oeo neoaeeo aeey aeaoae e?eoa?eai
i?aaeeueiinoe yoeo ioeaiie;
n?aaee iioeaia iauaiey aaaeouaa ianoi caieiatho ee/iinoiua,
ieeoeaoai?aiiua ai ac?ineii eae noauaeoa, eiathuai naie iniaua
ii?aeueiua ea/anoaa, i?aanoaaiiua aeinoieinoaa, ananoi?iiithth aiaaooth
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue;
Iiaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi a nayce n yoei o aeioeieueieeia i?ienoiaeyo
eciaiaiey a naiie iaoa?ee ?a/e, oa?aeoa?a eniieuecoaiie aeaoueie
eaeneee, eiino?oeoeee i?aaeeiaeaiee, a iauae au?aceoaeueiinoe ?a/e.
Iaeaaeaiea i?iecaieueiie ?aaoeyoeeae ?a/aaie aeayoaeueiinoe.
A ?aiiai aic?anoa io ?aaaiea iaeaaei aeiaeoueny i?iecianaiey aeaaea oao
neia, eioi?ua ii oi?ioi onaiee. Niouaiea i?e aeaea ac?ineiai yaeyaony
iaeiei ec oaeoi?ia, eioi?ue ii/oe aaconeiaii oaiaoaao ?a/ue aeaoae.
Iie/aiea eee ?a/ue oaiioii /anoi neoaeao aeaaiui oeacaieai ia ?iainoue,
eniuouaaaioth aeaoueie.
Ii aeaiiui A. A. ?ocneie, aei naiiai aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa nio?aiyaony
oaiaoaiea ?a/e i?e aeaea iiaiai /aeiaaea, /oi iaia?oaeeaaaony eiiaaea ia
a ionoonoaee ?a/e, a a iaaaeiaiee aa niaea?aeaiey. Yoi icia/aao, /oi i?e
?acaiai?a n aeeceeie ac?ineuie aeaoe iaiaa neooaoeaiu, aieaa
aeiaa?eoaeueiu, i?iyaeytho aieaa ?acaeoua eioa?anu, /ai i?e ?acaiai?a n
iinoi?iiieie ethaeueie, eiaaea ?aaaiie eae aoaeoi nioneaaony ia
iaeio-aeaa nooiaiueee ieaea ai anao naieo i?iyaeaieyo. Iaeiaei n
aic?anoii aeaoe ana aieaa iaeaaeaaatho i?iecaieueiie ?aaoeyoeeae ?a/e, e
yoi ninoaaeyao iai?aiaiiia oneiaea eo iao/aiey a aeaoneii naaeo e a
iniaaiiinoe eo iiaeaioiaee e iao/aieth a oeiea.
Oaeei ia?acii, yoai ?acaeoey ?a/aaiai iauaiey ninoieo, aeaaiia, a oii,
/oi aeaoe iaeaaeaaatho iiiyoeeiui iaiieiaieai neiaa e iioiio iao/athony
i?eiaiyoue aai aeey ia?aaea/e ia?oia?o ana aieaa neiaeiie e aano?aeoiie
ii niaea?aeaieth eioi?iaoeee. Iaeiia?aiaiii aeaoe iao/athony
i?iecaieueii ?aaoee?iaaoue aa?aaeueioth ooieoeeth, aneaaenoaea /aai iia
i?aa?auaaony a naiinoiyoaeueiue aeae aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iaeioi?ua iniaaiiinoe ?acaeoey ?a/e ?aaaiea ec iiiaiaeaoiie naiuee
*enei aeaoae a naiuea, eioa?aae iaaeaeo eo iiyaeaieai ia naao e
ii?yaeeiaue iiia? ?iaeaeaiey, ia/eiay n ia?aiai, naiiai noa?oaai
?aaaiea, – ana yoi ieacuaaao aeeyiea ia ineoe/aneia ?acaeoea ?aaaiea a
iiiaiaeaoiie naiuea. A /anoiinoe, /ai aieueoa aeaoae a naiuea, /ai auoa
ii?yaeeiaue iiia? ?iaeaeaiey iaeuoa, /ai iaiueoa eioa?aae iaaeaeo
iiyaeaieyie aeaoae ia naao, oai, eae i?aaeei, ieaea eioaeeaeo ?aaaiea.
Iiyaeaiea a naiuea eaaeaeiai iiaiai ?aaaiea eciaiyao aa no?oeoo?o e
acaeiiaeaenoaea iaaeaeo aa /eaiaie. Oae, nieaeaaony ea/anoai iauaiey
aeaoae n ?iaeeoaeyie: iauaiea n ?iaeeoaeyie caiaiyaony iauaieai ni
noa?oeie a?aoueyie e nano?aie.
Iiaeiaiia eciaiaiea /?aaaoi i?aaeaea anaai ionoaaaieai a ?acaeoee ?a/e o
aeaoae. E yoi iiaeoaa?aeee yenia?eiaio a Oeueyiianea a 1993-1994 aiaeao,
i?iaaaeaiiue n iiiiuueth Aaeaeaeueaa?aneiai oanoa, auyaeythuaai, eae
?aaaiie onaaeaaao e eniieuecoao a?aiiaoe/aneea, ii?oieiae/aneea,
naiaioe/aneea (niuneiaua) no?oeoo?u ycuea.
E yenia?eiaioo i?eaeaeee ni?ie iiiaiaeaoiuo (io /aou?ao e aieueoa) naiae
e aeaaaeoeaoue naiae n iaeiei ?aaaieii (a ea/anoaa eiio?ieueiuo).
Ineoieiaia i?aaeaea anaai eioa?aniaaei ?a/aaia ?acaeoea 7-eaoiaai
?aaaiea, o eioi?iai anoue noa?oea e ieaaeoea a?aouey e nano?u.
Iiiaiaeaoiua naiuee auee ?acaeaeaiu ii?iaio ia aeaa yenia?eiaioaeueiua
a?oiiu. A ia?aoth aioee naiuee n ieieiaeueiie, ii?yaeea aeaoo eao,
?acieoeae a aic?anoa (a eioa?aaea) iaaeaeo 7-eaoiei ?aaaieii e aai
noa?oeie e ieaaeoeie a?aoueyie e nano?aie. Oi anoue, ia iiiaio
yenia?eiaioa a 20 naiueyo auee aeaoe iyoe, naie, e aeaayoe eao, e
o?iaaiue ?acaeoey ?a/e ii?aaeaeyeny o eaaeaeiai.
Ai aoi?ie yenia?eiaioaeueiie a?oiia eioa?aae iaaeaeo ?iaeaeaieai
7-eaoiaai ?aaaiea e aai noa?oeie e ieaaeoeie a?aoueyie e nano?aie aue
aieueoa – /aou?a aiaea, oi anoue aeaoyi auei ii o?e, naiue e
iaeeiiaaeoeaoue eao. A yoeo naiueyo iniaaiiinoe ?acaeoey ?a/e
ii?aaeaeyeenue eae e a eiio?ieueiuo naiueyo, oieueei o naieeaoiaai
?aaaiea. ?acoeueoaou yenia?eiaioa iieacaee, /oi o?iaaiue ?acaeoey ?a/e o
aeaoae eiio?ieueiie a?oiiu niioaaonoaoao ii?iaeueiiio aic?anoiiio
o?iaith. A aio aeaoe ec iiiaiaeaoiuo naiae – iacaaeneii io aic?anoa e io
eioa?aaea a ?iaeaeaiee iaaeaeo ieie – ionoatho a ?acaeoee oao eee eiuo
niiniaiinoae io ii?iaeueiiai aic?anoiiai o?iaiy.
O anao aeaoae ec iiiaiaeaoiuo naiae i?aaeaea anaai ieioi ?acaeoa
niiniaiinoue ia?aciauaaoue ?acee/iua neiaa io iaeiiai ei?iy e
niiniaiinoue au?aaeaoue ?aciua i?eciaee i?aaeiaoia a niioaaonoaee n
i?aaeeaie. Niiniaiinoue iiieiaoue e ia?aaeaaaoue niune oaenoa ieioi
?acaeoa o aeaoae 7 e 9 eao (iacaaeneii io eioa?aaea -2 eee 4 aiaea
-iaaeaeo ?iaeaeaieyie). E?iia oiai, 7-eaoiee ?aaaiie ia?aie
yenia?eiaioaeueiie a?oiiu, aaea eioa?aae ?iaeaeaiey ninoaaeye 2 aiaea,
ionoaao io ii?iaeueiiai aic?anoiiai o?iaiy a ?acaeoee oaeeo
niiniaiinoae, eae:
iiieiaiea neiaeiuo auneacuaaiee;
caiiieiaiea neiaeiuo i?aaeeiaeaiee;
iiieiaiea niunea oaenoa (yoa niiniaiinoue ieioi ?acaeoa e o aeaoae
aoi?ie yenia?eiaioaeueiie a?oiiu, a o aeaoae ia?aie a?oiiu aiiaua
i?aeoe/anee ia ?acaeoa);
ii?aaeaeaiea aaeeinoaaiiiai e iiiaeanoaaiiiai /enea a niioaaonoaee n
ii?oieiae/aneeie i?aaeeaie;
ociaaaiea aiaeiaee a cia/aiee neia;
o/eouaaiea ?ieaauo i?eciaeia i?e oi?ie?iaaiee auneacuaaiey a ?acee/iuo
neooaoeeyo.
Oaeei ia?acii, aeaoe eo iiiaiaeaoiuo naiae – iacaaeneii io aic?anoa e
eioa?aaea iaaeaeo ?iaeaeaieyie – eniuouaatho aieueoea eee iaiueoea
o?oaeiinoe a onaiaiee ?a/e. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia o?iaaiue ?acaeoey ?a/e
ieacuaaao aeeyiea ia oieueei /enei aeaoae a naiuea, ii e eioa?aae
?iaeaeaiey iaaeaeo ieie. A yoi cia/eo, /oi ?iaeeoaeyi aieueoiai /enea
aeaoae a naiuea neaaeoao oaeaeyoue iniaia aieiaiea ?acaeoeth eo ?a/e,
iniaaiii anee eioa?aae iaaeaeo ?iaeaeaieyie aeaoae aeecie e
ieieiaeueiiio.
Aeaiiue i?eia? aua ?ac aeieacuaaao, /oi aeey ?acaeoey ?a/e iaiaoiaeeii a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia iauaiea ac?ineiai n ?aaaieii.
Ii/aio aea aeaoe /anoi “eiaa?eatho” neiaa, ia iiaoo a?aiioii iino?ieoue
i?aaeeiaeaiey, au?aceoue naith iuneue?
I?e/ei iiiaeanoai: ?iaeiaua o?aaiu, ?acee/iua caaieaaaiey,
iaaeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey ainieoaiey. Aeieacaii, /oi iaaei?acaeoea ?a/e
/aua anaai iaaethaeaaony o aeaoae, eioi?ua ainieouaathony aia naiuee: a
aeaoneeo aeiiao, aeiiao ?aaaiea, aeaoneeo aeioeieueiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo n
e?oaeinooi/iui i?aauaaieai. A oio ia?eiae, eiaaea ?aaaieo iaiaoiaeeii
iauaiea n aeeceeie ethaeueie, ii ieacuaaaony eeoai oaeie aiciiaeiinoe.
Ii aio /oi caia/atho o/eoaey ia/aeueiuo eeannia a iineaaeiea aiaeu: a
ia?aue eeann i?eoiaeeo ana aieueoa aeaoae n ia?aie/aiiui neiaa?iui
caianii, iaaiyoiie e iaau?aceoaeueiie ?a/ueth. E yoi aeaoe ec naiuee,
ia?aaeei, aiaoia niaa?oaiii aeaaiiieo/iie. A /ai aeaei? Ieacuaaaony a
oii, /oi aeiia caaioo i ?aaaiea iiieiatho aanueia naiaia?acii:
iaei?ieoue-iaiieoue, iaooue-iaeaoue. Aeieiae/aneea iio?aaiinoe
ianeaaeieea – aio aeaaiay caaea/a iaiu e iaiu. A aio eae auoue n ae?oaie
iio?aaiinoueth ?aaaiea – iio?aaiinoueth a iauaiee? E aeaei caeanue ia
oieueei a ?iaeeoaeueneie caiyoinoe e iiaeiuaiiinoe nianoaaiiuie
i?iaeaiaie. *anoi ac?ineua ia caaeoiuaathony iaae oai, /oi iaei
ie?oaeeoue ?aaaiea y?eeie ea?ooeaie. Ioaeii i?eeiaeeoue oneeey aeey
oiai, /oiau ?aaaiie iao/eeny eie ea?aoue. Yoi iniaaiii aaaeii aeey oao
iaeuoae, o eioi?uo iao oiaa?euae aeey ea?. Oaeei oiaa?euai aeey ieo
aeieaeai noaoue ac?ineue. A i?ioeanna niaianoiuo ea? aicieeatho
aeeaeiae, ai a?aiy eioi?uo iiaeii iao/eoue nuia eee aei/eo iiiyoii
oi?ioee?iaaoue naie i?inueau e aeaeaiey, auneooeaaoue naiaai ia?oia?a
ii ea?a, aeiaiaa?eaaoueny i niaianoiuo aeaenoaeyo. Yoi iiiiaeao ia
oieueei ?acaeoue ?a/ue ?aaaiea, ii e iao/eoue iauaoueny ni naa?noieeaie.
Aaaeue i/aiue /anoi nni?u n?aaee aeioeieueieeia neo/athony iioiio, /oi
iie ia iiieiatho ae?oa ae?oaa, a iioii “iaaa?aaeueiia iauaiea”
noaiiaeony /a?oie oa?aeoa?a e cae?aieyao a iiaaaeaiee ?aaaiea i?eau/eo
caaiaauaaoue ?oeaie oi, /oi ii ia iiaeao iieo/eoue a ?acoeueoaoa
?acaiai?a.
YENIA?EIAIOAEUeIIA ECO*AIEA ?ACAEOEss ?A*E ?AAAIEA A I?IOeANNA IAUAIEss
Enneaaeiaaiey i?iaiaeeeenue iaie a ea/anoaa iaaethaeaiey ca iiaaaeaieai
aeaoae e eo ?aaeoeeyie ia iauaiea ni ac?ineuie.
Aic?ano aeaoae – io 4 ianyoeaa aei 3 eao.
Oaeaea auei i?iaaaeaii aeaa yenia?eiaioa:
ii iaoiaeeea aeey eco/aiey iiieiaiey ?a/e* aeaoueie a aic?anoa 1 aiae 3
ianyoea;
ii iaoiaeeea “?anneaaee ii ea?oeiea”, ia ii?aaeaeaiea aeoeaiiai
neiaa?iiai caiana aeaoae a aic?anoa 3 aiaea.
Enneaaeiaaiey ?acaeaeaiu ia o?e yoaia:
Iiaeaioiaeoaeueiue yoai (aeiaa?aaeueiia ?acaeoea iauaiey). Ii
oa?aeoa?ecoaony oai, /oi ?aaaiie aua ia iiieiaao ?a/e ac?ineiai e ia
oiaao aiai?eoue nai. Ii caeanue oaea neeaaeuaathony i?aaeiinueee e
iaeaaeaieth ?a/ueth a aoaeouai. E i?enoonoaea ac?ineiai iaiaoiaeeii aeey
eo oi?ie?iaaiey.
Iai?eia?: Ieoa O. (aic?ano 4 ianyoea).
Ia ?a/aaia ia?auaiea iaiu e nuio: “Ieoa, Ieoaiueea!” – ?aaaiie ia/eiaao
ao?ii ?aaae?iaaoue a ioaao, oeuaaaony, ecaeaao caoee,
naeaeaoaeuenoaothuea i aai oaeiaeaoai?aiee. I?e oiio?aaeaiee neaiaeueiuo
neia (iaeiineiaeiuo, /aua anaai oiio?aaeyaiuo) ?aaaiie iuoaaony
iiaoi?eoue yoe caoee. Ia ia?auaiea iaiu: “AAO” – o iaeuoa i?iyaeyaony
yaiay caeioa?aniaaiiinoue, aai acaeyae neiioeaio?e?iaai ia aoaao, ii
iuoaaony iiaoi?eoue “AAAOO”.
*ai aieueoa iaoue ?acaiaa?eaaao n ?aaaieii, oai /aua e iaeeaeaiiaa
?aaaiie ?aaae?oao ia ac?ineiai, oai /aua naiinoiyoaeueii ia/eiaao
aini?iecaiaeeoue caoee, ea?ay n ea?ooeaie aac iaiu.
______________________________
* Ineoe/aneia ?acaeoea ainieoaiieeia aeaoneiai aeiia. Iiae ?aae. E.A.
Aeoa?iaeiie, A.A.?ocneie. – I., 1990 a. – n.125.
I/aiue /anoi, eiaaea iaia ooiaeeo o iaeuoa iiaeii caiaoeoue i?eciaee
iai?/aiey: n eeoea en/acaao oeuaea; ii oio?eony; aeieai niio?eo a oo
noi?iio, aaea iia ne?ueanue. Ieoa ia/eiaao iuoaoueny i?eaea/ue e naaa
aieiaiea: oi yia?ae/ii aeaeaaao iiaeeaie, oi ecaeaao aicaeanu, oi
ia/eiaao ieaeaoue, ianeieueei ?ac iiae?yae auaeaaaony “iinoeeii”, ia
naiaey acaeyaea n aeaa?e. *ai aeieueoa iaia ia aica?auaaony, oai
ona?aeiaa ?aaaiie i?iyaeyao i?eciaee iaoa?iaiey.
2. Ia aoi?ii yoaia enneaaeiaaeinue iiaaaeaiea ?aaaiea (aic?ano 1 aiae 3
ianyoea), ?acaeoea eioi?iai niioaaonoaoao yoaio aicieeiiaaiey ?a/e. Yoio
yoai oa?aeoa?ecoaony ia?aoiaeii io iieiiai ionoonoaey ?a/e e aa
iiyaeaieth. ?aaaiie ia/eiaao iiieiaoue i?inoua auneacuaaiey ac?ineiai,
eioi?ua neuoeo eaaeaeue aeaiue e ia/eiaao i?ieciineoue naie ia?aua
aeoeaiua neiaa, ii ?a/ue aua i/aiue i?eieoeaia: “AA-AA”, ”IA-IA”,
“Ess-Ess” e o.ae. Caeanue ?aoathuoth ?ieue ea?atho eiiioieeaoeaiua
oaeoi?u. ?aaaiie ia/eiaao aiai?eoue oieueei a neooaoeee iauaiey.
I?eia?: Eaoy I.
?iaeeoaee anaaaea i/aiue aeoeaii iauaeenue n ?aaaieii.
Iai?eia?, oaeay ea?a aeey ?acaeoey ?a/e: iaia naaeeony ca noie iai?ioea
?aaaiea n eoeeie “EssEAE” e niaa/eie “AAA”, ea?ooee iia i?y/ao iiae
noieii.
“EssEss” – aiai?eo iaia e n eaaie noi?iiu iiyaeyaony eoeea. Iia
?acaiaa?eaaao n iaeuoii e iaiaeeaeaiii en/acaao. “AAA” – i?ieciineo
iaia, e n i?aaie i?ioeaiiieiaeiie noi?iiu noiea iiyaeyaony niaa/ea. Iia
oiaea ?acaiaa?eaaao n iaeuoii e aae?oa en/acaao. *a?ac ianeieueei oaeeo
iiyaeaiee e en/aciiaaiee Eaoy oaea ciaao, /oi “EssETH” ioaeii aeaeaoue
neaaa, a “AAO” – ni?aaa. Iia ia/eiaao iiai?a/eaaoue aieiao a ioaeioth
noi?iio e oaea /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy naia auaiaa?eaaao ea?ooee ii eiaie:
“Ess-Ess”, “A-AA“, eiaaea Eaoy oaea naiinoiyoaeueii ea?aao n ea?ooeaie,
a o./. n eoeeie e niaa/eie, oi iia iacuaaao eoeeo “Ess-Ess”, a niaa/eo
“A-AA”.
Oaeei ia?acii a oiaea ea?u o ?aaaiea cae?aieeenue yoe iacaaiey. Ii ii
i?ioanoaee ianeieueeeo aeiae, eiaaea iaia ia iiaea aeoeaii caieiaoueny n
?aaaieii, Eaoy iaiueoa noaea ?acaiaa?eaaoue, ea?ay naiinoiyoaeueii, e
iia oaea ia oiio?aaeyea iacaaiey ea?ooae.
Iaie aue i?iaaaeai yenia?eiaio ia eco/aiea iiieiaiey ?a/e aeaoueie a
aic?anoa 1 aiae 3 ianyoea. Enneaaeiaaiey i?iaiaeeeenue iaoiaeii
n?aaiaiey. Iauaeoii yenia?eiaioa auee aeaa aeaai/ee: – iaeia ec eioi?uo
ainieouaaaony a iieiioeaiiie naiuea, aaea ?acaeoeth ?aaaiea oaeaeyaony
iiiai aieiaiey (ni. I?eia?: Eaoy I.) – iia yaeyaony eiio?ieueiui
eniuooaiui;
– aoi?ay ainieouaaaony a iaaeaaiiieo/iie naiuea (iao iooea), iaoue
?aaioaao, iiyoiio ia eiaao aiciiaeiinoe caieiaoueny n ?aaaieii, –
aeaai/ea (Iaoa E.) yaeyaony yenia?eiaioaeueiui eniuooaiui.
Iaoiaeeea “Eco/aiea iiieiaiey ?a/e”
Iiaeaioiaea enneaaeiaaiey.
I?eaioiaeoue eoeeo e 4-5 oi?ioi ciaeiiuo aeaoyi i?aaeiaoia (iai?eia?,
/aoeo, iia?aiooeo, niaa/eo e o.ae.), ei?iaeo e eoaeee.
I?iaaaeaiea enneaaeiaaiey.
Enneaaeiaaiea i?iaiaeeony eiaeeaeaeoaeueii n aeaoueie 1-3 eao.
Neooaoeey – i?iaa?ytho, iocuaaaony ee ?aaaiie ia naia eiy;
Neooaoeey – i?inyo oeacaoue ia iacuaaaiue i?aaeiao;
Neooaoeey – i?aaeeaaatho iieacaoue o eoeeu eaeoth-eeai /anoue eeoea eee
oaea;
Neooaoeey – i?inyo iaeoe aiaeiae/ioth /anoue eeoea eee oaea o naay;
Neooaoeey – i?inyo aeaoue iacuaaaiue i?aaeiao;
Neooaoeey – i?aaeeaaatho i?iecaanoe n i?aaeiaoii ii?aaeaeaiiua
aeaenoaey, iai?eia?, iieiaeeoue eoaeee a ei?iaeo. (Yoi caaeaiea iiaeao
oneiaeiyoueny a caaeneiinoe io aic?anoa aeaoae);
Neooaoeey – i?aaeeaaatho i?iaeaeaoue oa eee eiua aeaeaeaiey ?oeaie,
iiaaie, aieiaie, anai ei?ionii. (Oi?ioee?iaeo caaeaiey iiaeii iiaoi?youe
ianeieueei ?ac.)
Ia?aaioea aeaiiuo.
Aeaiiua caiinyo a oaaeeoeo, aaea ioia/atho /enei iiaoi?aiee oi?ioee?iaee
caaeaiee, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey oiai, /oiau ?aaaiie aai iiiye, /enei
i?aaeeueii auiieiaiiuo caaeaiee. *enei iiaoi?aiee ii?aaeaeyao eiee/anoai
iaa?aiiuo ?aaaieii aaeeia:
1 ?ac – 2 aaeea;
2 ?aca – 1 aaee (i?e auiieiaiee caaeaiey), 0 aaeeia (i?e iaauiieiaiee
caaeaiey);
aieaa 2 ?ac – 0 aaeeia
Anee ?aaaiie iaa?ae io 11 aei 14 aaeeia, oi yoi aunieee o?iaaiue
iiieiaiey ?a/e;
io 7 aei 10 aaeeia – n?aaeiee o?iaaiue iiieiaiey ?a/e;
io 6 aei 0 aaeeia – ieceee o?iaaiue iiieiaiey ?a/e.
I?eia? ? 1. Eaoy I.
Neooaoeey: ?aaaiie ea?aao n eoeeie. Ia ?a/aaia ia?auaiea: “Eaoy!” –
?aaaiie iiaeieiaao aieiao e, oeuaaynue, niio?eo ia yenia?eiaioaoi?a.
Neooaoeey: Ia?aae ?aaaieii ?aceiaeaiu ciaeiiua i?aaeiaou. Ia i?inueao:
“Eaoy, iieaaee aaea eiaeea” – ?aaaiie aa?ao a ?oee eiaeeo.
Neooaoeey: ?aaaieo iieacuaatho eoeeo. Ia aii?in: “Eaoy, iieaaee, aaea o
eoeeu aeacee?”- aeaai/ea iieacuaaao ia aeaca eoeeu.
Neooaoeey: Aii?in: “Eaoy, a iieaaee, aaea o oaay aeacee?” – aeaai/ea
iieacuaaao ?oeie ia naie aeaca.
Neooaoeey: ia i?inueao: “Eaoy, aeae iia iiaeaeoenoa niaa/eo” – ?aaaiie
aa?ao a ?oee niaaeo e i?ioyaeaaao aa yenia?eiaioaoi?o.
A neooaoeee, aaea ?aaaieo i?aaeeaaaaony nia?aoue eoaeee a ei?iaeo,
aeaai/ea iiaoi?yaony caaeaiea aeaa ?aca, ii iia ana ?aaii ia iiaeao aai
auiieieoue.
Neooaoeey: I?inueaa: “Eaoy, iioeiiae eaaeioeaie” – oaeaea aucuaaao o
?aaaiea cao?oaeiaiey, ii iinea iiaoi?aiey caaeaiey aeaai/ea oeiiaao a
eaaeioe e niaaony.
I?eia? ? 2. Iaoa E.
Neooaoeey: Aeaai/ea ea?aao. Ia ?a/aaia ia?auaiea: “Iaoa!” – ?aaaiie
niio?eo ia yenia?eiaioaoi?a e oeuaaaony.
Neooaoeey: Ia?aae aeaai/eie ?aceiaeaiu ciaeiiua ae i?aaeiaou. Ia
i?inueao: “Iaoa, iieaaee aaea eiaeea” – ?aaaiie iieacuaaao ia eiaeeo.
Neooaoeey: ?aaaieo iieacuaatho eoeeo. Aii?in: “Iaoa, iieaaee, aaea o
eoeeu aeacee” – aucuaaao cao?oaeiaiey. I?e iiaoi?aiee aii?ina aeaai/ea
niouaaony e ia iiaeao auiieieoue caaeaiey.
A yoie neooaoeee ?aaaiie oaeaea ia iiieiaao aii?ina e, i?e iiaoi?aiee,
ia iiaeao auiieieoue caaeaiey.
Neooaoeey: Ia i?inueao: “Iaoa, aeae iiaeaeoenoa niaa/eo” – ?aaaiie
i?ioyaeaaao niaaeo oieueei i?e iiaoi?aiee caaeaiey.
Neooaoeey: Ia?aae ?aaaieii ?aceiaeaiu eoaeee. Yenia?eiaioaoi? i?ineo
iieiaeeoue eoaeee a ei?iaeo. Aeaai/ea niiaa ia iiieiaao caaeaiey e
ioaeaeaaony. Caaeaiea inoaaony ia auiieiaiiui.
Neooaoeey: ?aaaiea i?inyo iioeiiaoue a eaaeioe. Iaoa iiieiaao caaeaiea
ni aoi?iai iiaoi?aiey e ia/eiaao, niaynue, oeiiaoue a eaaeioe.
I?ioieie ?acoeueoaoia enneaaeiaaiey iiieiaiey ?a/e
? *enei iiaoi?aiey oi?ioe. caaeai. Yooaeo. auiieiaiey
caaeaiey
Neooaoe. 1 eniuo.(Eaoy) 2 eniuo.(Iaoa) 1 eniuo.(Eaoy) 2
eniuo.(Iaoa)
1 1 1 auiieiaii auiieiaii
2 1 1 auiieiaii auiieiaii
3 1 2 auiieiaii ia auiieiaii
4 1 2 auiieiaii ia auiieiaii
5 1 2 auiieiaii auiieiaii
6 2 2 ia auiieiaii ia auiieiaii
7 2 2 auiieiaii auiieiaii
Eie-ai aaeeia 11 6
Aiaeec ?acoeueoaoia
A oiaea i?iaaaeaiey yenia?eiaioa auei ioia/aii, /oi Eaoy I. ia
eniuouaaea, a iniiaiii, ieeaeeo cao?oaeiaiee i?e auiieiaiee caaeaiey.
Ii/oe ana caaeaiey auee auiieiaiu n ia?aie i?inueau. Aeaai/ea ia
eniuouaaea niouaiey e i?iyaeea yaiue eioa?an e caaeaieyi yenia?eiaioa, a
oaeaea e ee/iinoe yenia?eiaioaoi?a. Eniuooaiie auei iaa?aii 11 aaeeia,
/oi niioaaonoaoao aunieiio o?iaith iiieiaiey ?a/e ac?ineiai.
I?e i?iaaaeaiee yenia?eiaioa n Iaoae E., auei caia/aii neeueiia niouaiea
?aaaiea. Aeaai/ea a iniiaiii ia iiieiaea aii?inia, iaiaoiaeeii auei
iiaoi?youe caaeaiea ianeieueei ?ac, ii aeaaea i?e yoii a 3, 4 e 6
neooaoeeyo iii inoaeinue ia auiieiaiiui. Eniuooaiie auei iaa?aii 6
aaeeia, /oi niioaaonoaoao ieceiio o?iaith iiieiaiey ?a/e ac?ineiai.
3. Ia o?aoueai yoaia auei i?iaaaeaii enneaaeiaaiea ?acaeoey ?a/e aeaoae
a aic?anoa 3-o eao. Yoio aic?ano niioaaonoaoao o?aoueaio yoaio – yoaio
?acaeoey ?a/aaiai iauaiey. Ii ioaaouaaao ana iineaaeothuaa a?aiy n oiai
iiiaioa, eiaaea ?aaaiie ia/eiaao iaeaaeaaaoue ?a/ueth, iinoaiaiii
niaa?oainoaiaaoue aa e eniieueciaaoue aeey iauaiey. ?aaaiie iuoaaony
iaeaaeaoue i?iecaieueiie ?aaoeyoeeae ?a/aaie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Eioa?anu ?aaaiea ii-i?aaeiaio nin?aaeioi/aiu ia i?aaeiaoao, ii ii oaea
iiaeao au?aceoue, naith i?inueao neiaaie, iai?eia? – “Aeae iia eieaeeo”;
eioa?anoaony iacaaieai i?aaeiaoa – “*oi yoi?”; auneacuaaao naia
ioiioaiea e eaeiio-eeai caiyoeth – “ss ia oi/o niaoue”.
Iaoa enneaaeiaaiea i?iaiaeeeinue iaoiaeii n?aaiaiey, n iiiiuueth
iaoiaeeee “?anneaaee ii ea?oeiea”, eioi?ay i?aaeiacia/aia aeey
ii?aaeaeaiey aeoeaiiai neiaa?iiai caiana aeaoae io o?ao eao.
Iaoiaeeea “?anneaaee ii ea?oeiea”
?aaaieo iieacuaatho na?eth ea?oeiie:
“Iaeue/ee aneaiuaaao caieth”;
“Iaeue/ee naao”;
“Iaeue/ee iieeaaao oeaaou”;
“Iaeue/ee niae?aao oeaaou”;
Aeaeaa ?aaaieo aeatho aeaa ieioou ia ?anniao?eaaiea.
Anee ?aaaiie ioaeaeaaony e ia iiaeao iiiyoue, /oi ecia?aaeaii ia
ea?oeiea, oi yenia?eiaioaoi? ?acuyniyao e niaoeeaeueii ia?auaao aai
aieiaiea ia yoi.
Iinea oiai, eae ?anniio?aiu ea?oeiee, ?aaaieo i?aaeeaaatho ?anneacaoue i
oii, /oi ii aeaeeo ia ieo. Ia ?anneac ii eaaeaeie ea?oeiea ioaiaeeony ii
aeaa ieioou.
Aeaeaa oanoe?oaony ?acoeueoao a oaaeeoea, aaea ioia/aaony iaee/ea e
/anoioa oiio?aaeaiey ?aaaieii ?acee/iuo /anoae ?a/e, a?aiiaoe/aneeo oi?i
e eiino?oeoeee i?aaeeiaeaiee.
Ioeaiea ?acoeueoaoia
10 aaeeia – A ?a/e ?aaaiea ano?a/athony ana aeanyoue i?eaaaeaiiuo a
oaaeeoea
o?aaiaioia ?a/e;
8-9 aaeeia – 8-9 o?aaiaioia ?a/e;
6-7 aaeeia – 6-7 o?aaiaioia ?a/e;
4-5 aaeeia – 4-5 o?aaiaioia ?a/e;
2-3 aaeeia – 2-3 o?aaiaioa ?a/e;
0-1 aaeea – ia aieaa iaeiiai o?aaiaioa ?a/e.
Auaiaeu ia o?iaia ?acaeoey
10 aaeeia – I/aiue aunieee o?iaaiue ?acaeoey ?a/e;
8-9 aaeeia – aunieee o?iaaiue;
4-7 aaeeia – n?aaeiee o?iaaiue;
2-3 aaeeia – ieceee o?iaaiue;
0-1 aaeea – i/aiue ieceee o?iaaiue.
1. I?eia?: Aeaoa N. – 3 aiaea. Aaeeinoaaiiue ?aaaiie a naiuea. Aai iaia
ia ?aaioaao e iiyoiio iiiai a?aiaie iinayuaao iauaieth n ?aaaieii. Aeaoa
yaeyaony eiio?ieueiui eniuooaiui.
I?e i?aaeuyaeaiee ia?aie ea?oeiee ?aaaiie ?anneacuaaao: “Ia iaaa aeaeoia
nieioea. Noieo iaeue/ee… O iaai eiiaoea… Ii eiiaao ianie…”.
I?e i?aaeuyaeaiee aoi?ie ea?oeiee o Aeaoe aicieeatho cao?oaeiaiey a
iiieiaiee aa niaea?aeaiey. ?aaaiie caaeaao aii?in: “*oi aeaeaao
iaeue/ee?”
Yenia?eiaioaoi? iauyniyao ?aaaieo, /oi aeaeaao iaeue/ee e ca/ai e
oieueei iinea yoiai niaea?aeaiea ea?oeiee noaiiaeony iiiyoiui. Aeaoa aua
iaeioi?ia a?aiy ?anniao?eaaao ?enoiie, a caoai ?anneacuaaao:”Iaeue/ee
eeaeaao ia caieth ca?iuoee… Ii oi/ao, /oiau au?inee e?aneaua oeaaou…”.
I?e ?anniao?eaaiee o?aoueae ea?oeiee o Aeaoe ieeaeeo aii?inia ia
aicieeaao e ii ?anneacuaaao: “O iaeue/eea aieueoay eaeea… Ii iieeaaao
oeaaoi/ee aiaee/eie… Oeaaoi/ee i/aiue iaeaiueeea…”.
*aoaa?oay ea?oeiea oaeaea ia aucuaaao ieeaeeo cao?oaeiaiee. ?aaaiie
?anneacuaaao: “Iaeue/ee ni?aae oeaaoie… Oeaaou aieueoea e e?aneaua…
Iaeue/ee niaaony…”.
2. I?eia?: Iaoa I. – 3 aiaea. ?aaaiie ec iiiaiaeaoiie naiuee, aaea
ieaaeoei nano?ai – aeeciaoeai ii 9 ianyoeaa. Aai iaia, oaeaea eae e a
ia?aii neo/aa ia ?aaioaao, ii a nayce n ?iaeaeaieai aeeciaoeia iauaiea
Iaoe n ?iaeeoaeyie naaeinue e ieieioio. Aeaoneee naae ?aaaiie ia
iinauaao. Iaoa yaeyaony yenia?eiaioaeueiui eniuooaiui.
I?e i?aaeuyaeaiee ea?oeiie, iinea aeaooieiooiiai ?anniao?eaaiey, ?aaaiie
ia iiieiaao, /oi io iaai o?aaoaony e ia iiaeao ie/aai ?anneacaoue.
Yenia?eiaioaoi? iiae?iaii aua ?ac iauyniyao ?aaaieo eino?oeoeeth e ia
i?eia?a ia?aie ea?oeiee ?anneacuaaao aa niaea?aeaiea. Iaoa iinoiyiii
ioaeaeaaony e ia iiaeao nin?aaeioi/eoueny. Caoai ?anneacuaaao: “Yoi
nieioea… Yoi iaeue/ee… ”
Ia aii?in: “*oi a ?oeao o iaeue/eea?”- ?aaaiie ioaa/aao: “Eiiaoea”.
Aii?in: “*oi iiaeii aeaeaoue n eiiaoeie?” – ioaao: “Eiiaoue”.
Oaeaea aucuaaao cao?oaeiaiey aoi?ay ea?oeiea. Iaoa ia iiieiaao aa
niaea?aeaiey. Iinea aeaooieiooiiai ?anniao?eaaiey, ?aaaiie aiai?eo:
“Noieo iaeue/ee”. Caoai yenia?eiaioaoi? iauyniyao i?ienoiaeyuaa ia
ea?oeiea, ii ?aaaiie ana ?aaii ia iiaeao iieiinoueth iiaoi?eoue ?anneac:
“Iaeue/ee eeaeaao ca?ia”.
I?e i?aaeuyaeaiee o?aoueae ea?oeiee Iaoa n?aco aiai?eo: “Iaeue/ee
iieeaaao oeaaou”. Ia aii?in: “A oeaaou eaeea?” – ?aaaiie ioaa/aao:
“Iaeaiueeea”.
I?e i?aaeuyaeaiee /aoaa?oie ea?oeiee Iaoa oaeaea n?aco iuoaaony
?anneacaoue: “Iaeue/ee… niae?aao oeaaou…” Yenia?eiaioaoi? caaeaao
aii?in: “Eaeea oeaaou?” – ?aaaiie ioaa/aao: “Aieueoea”. Aii?in: “A iie
e?aneaua?”. Ioaao: “AeA”.
I?ioieie ?acoeueoaoia enneaaeiaaiey ii iaoiaeeea
“?anneaaee ii ea?oeiea”
? O?aaiaiou ?a/e oanoe?oaiiai *anoioa
oiio?aaeaiey
1
eniuo.(eiio.) 2 eniuo.(yeni.)
1 Nouanoaeoaeueiia 16 11
2 Aeaaieu 8 4
3 I?eeaaaoaeueiua a iau/iie oi?ia 3 –
4 I?eeaaaoaeueiua a n?aaieoaeueiie noaiaie 3 2
5 I?eeaaaoaeueiua a i?aainoiaeiie noaiaie – –
6 Ia?a/ey 1 –
7 Ianoieiaiey 3 –
8 Nithcu 4 –
9 I?aaeeiae 4 –
10 Neiaeiua i?aaeeiaeaiey e eiino?oeoeee – –
Aiaeec ?acoeueoaoia
A ?acoeueoaoa yenia?eiaioa auei auyniaii, /oi ?acaeoea ?a/e ia?aiai
eniuooaiiai (eiio?ieueiiai) caiaoii ioee/aaony io ?acaeoey ?a/e aoi?iai
eniuooaiiai (yenia?eiaioaeueiiai).
1. A ?anneaca ia?aiai ?aaaiea iaaethaeaeanue iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue e
naycue iaaeaeo niaea?aeaieai ea?oeiie. Aicieeei cao?oaeiaiea oieueei a
oiaea ?anneaca ii aoi?ie ea?oeiea, o. e. ?aaaiie ieeiaaea ia noaeeeaaeny
n iiaeiaiie neooaoeeae, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia eiae i?aaenoaaeaiea i oii,
eaeia aeaenoaea ia iae ecia?aaeaii. Ii i?e iiiiue yenia?eiaioaoi?a ii
niia aeinoaoi/ii iiae?iaii ninoaaeoue ?anneac. A ?anneaca eniuooaiiai
auee eniieueciaaiu ?acee/iua o?aaiaiou ?a/e: nouanoaeoaeueiua,
i?eeaaaoaeueiua, aeaaieu, nithcu, ia?a/ey, ianoieiaiey e i?aaeeiae.
Neiaeiua i?aaeeiaeaiey ei ia eniieueciaaeenue.
Eniuooaiui auei iaa?aii 8 aaeeia, /oi niioaaonoaoao aunieiio o?iaith
?acaeoey ?a/e.
2. O aoi?iai ?aaaiea iaaethaeaeinue ionoonoaea eioa?ana e
i?aaeeiaeaiiiio caaeaieth. Ii iinoiyiii ioaeaeaeny, ia iia
nin?aaeioi/eoueny, a oaeaea iiiyoue eino?oeoeeth. Eaaeaeay
i?aaeuyaeaiiay ea?oeiea aucuaaea o ?aaaiea cao?oaeiaiey. Iaeue/ee ia iia
n?aco ?anneacaoue i oii, /oi aeaeeo. Oieueei n iiiiuueth iaaiaeyueo
aii?inia ?aaaiie niia iienaoue niaea?aeaiea ea?oeiee.
Eniuooaiue ia oeiaee nayce iaaeaeo ecia?aaeaiiuie ia ea?oeieao
aeaenoaeyie, aneaaenoaea /aai iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe a ?anneacao ia
iaaethaeaeinue.
?aaaieii auei iaa?aii o?e aaeea, /oi niioaaonoaoao ieceiio o?iaith
?acaeoey ?a/e.
Oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia ?acaeoea ?a/e (?aeiiaiaeaoeee )
Ia?aua neiaa ?aaaiie i?ieciineo a eiioea ia?aiai aiaea aeecie. Eae
i?aaeei o aeaai/ae 11-12 ianyoeaa a aeoeaiii neiaa?a eiaaony oaea ieiei
aeanyoe neia. E iaeue/eeai ia?aua neiaa i?eoiaeyo a 13-14 ianyoeaa – a
?a/aaii ?acaeoee aeaai/ee iia?aaeatho iaeue/eeia i?eia?ii ia 3-4
ianyoea. Ii oio eee eiie ia?eiae a ?acaeoee ?a/e iiaeao ianooieoue a
?aciia a?aiy. O?iaaiue oece/aneiai ?acaeoey ?aaaiea, ninoiyiea aai
ia?aiie nenoaiu, aeeyiea ycueiaie n?aaeu – ana yoi eeai noeioee?oao eeai
oi?iiceo oi?ie?iaaiea aai ?a/e.
Neooiaia aieiaiea
No?aieoaeueiia ?acaeoea ?a/aaiai neooa iiaeao oi?iiceoue ana ae?oaea
aeaeu neooiaie /oanoaeoaeueiinoe. Caoeiaunioiue, iocueaeueiue neoo
?acaeaaaony iau/ii cia/eoaeueii iaaeeaiiaa, /ai oiiaiaoe/aneee. Yoi
i?ienoiaeeo iioiio, /oi ac?ineua ai?acaei /aua ?acaiaa?eaatho n
?aaaieii, /ai neooatho n iei iocueo eee iitho.
A ?aiiai aic?anoa iaiaoiaeeii icaaioeoueny ?acaeoeai neooiaiai aieiaiey
?aaaiea. Ia/eiay n 6-7 ianyoeaa ii aeieaeai ii?aaeaeyoue iai?aaeaiea
caoea (eieieieue/eea, iia?aiooee). Ioaeii i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue iaeuoo,
eae iie cao/ao, a caoai ii aeieaeai yoi iiaoi?eoue. Iaycaoaeueii ioaeii
aeaaaoue ?aaaieo neooaoue iocueo. Oaea a ia?eiae aoeaiey, oneuoaa
iocueo, ii iaeeaeyaony, ia/eiaao “iiaeiaaaoue”, noo/eo ?o/eaie,
iiaeeaie. A eiioea ia?aiai aiaea aeecie ?aaaiie i?aaeeueii ?aaae?oao ia
iiiaea, ia?auaiiua e iaio neiaa. Eiaaea aiai?yo “Iieaaee iinee”,
“Naeaeae eaaeooee”, “Aaea iaia?” – iaeuo iieacuaaao iin, oeiiaao a
eaaeioe, euao aeacaie iaio. Ii /oanoaeoaeai e eioiiaoeee, aaeaeaaoii
?aaae?oy ia aii?inu e aineeeoeaiey, ia no?iaee oii e iioaaeo. Ac?ineua
aeieaeiu neaaeeoue ca naiae ?a/ueth, ca i?aaeeueiinoueth e /aoeinoueth a
i?ieciioaiee caoeia, ca ?eoiii e oaiiii ?a/e, oae eae iie aeatho
iaoa?eae aeey iiae?aaeaiey.
Iioi?iia ?acaeoea
Oae, iai?eia?, ycueiaia ?acaeoea ?aaaiea iaeuecy ioaeaeeoue io aai
iioi?iiai ?acaeoey. Aieueoeinoai aeioeieueiuo iaaeaaiaia oaaaeaeaiu a
oii, /oi oaeay naycue nouanoaoao e iia i/aiue neeueiay. Iiyoiio aeey
oi?ioaai ycueiaiai ?acaeoey iaeuo ioaeaeaaony a oaeeo ea?ao, eioi?ua
aeeth/aee au iaa?oceo aeey anao iyoe i?aaiia /oanoa e anao ioneoeia
oaea.
I?e yoii iaaei ciaoue, /oi ?aaaiie ia n?aco ia/eiaao eiio?iee?iaaoue
aeaeaeaiey anao naieo ioneoeia, e aio ioaeii iiii/ue iao/eoueny aeaeaoue
yoi. Iai?eia?, aeaeaeaiey iaeeeo ioneoeia ia/eiatho eiio?iee?iaaoueny
iicaea, /ai aeaeaeaiey e?oiiuo ioneoeia.
Iinea oanoe ianyoeaa iaiaoiaeeii ia?aoeoue iniaia aieiaiea ia
a?oeeoeyoeeiiioth iioi?eeo. Iai?eia?, ?aaaiie oeuaaaony –
aeoeaece?othony iuooeu aoa. *ai ?aiueoa ?aaaiie iao/eony uaeeaoue
ycueii, i?enanuaay ycue e iaao, oai auno?aa a aai ?a/e iiyayony caoee,
o?aaothuea aa?oiaai iiaeuaia ycuea (o, ae, ?, e, e o.ae.)
O?iaaiue ?acaeoey ?a/e iaoiaeeony oaeaea a i?yiie caaeneiinoe io noaiaie
noi?ie?iaaiiinoe oiieeo aeaeaeaiee iaeueoeaa ?oe, ia yoi oeacuaatho
enneaaeiaaiey aeayoaeueiinoe aeaoneiai iicaa e ineoeee.
Iiyoiio oaea n 4-5 ianyoeaa iaiaoiaeeii oaeaeyoue aieiaiea o?aie?iaeai
iaeueoeaa ?oe (iannaaeo eenoae ?oe, eaaeaeiai iaeueoea, eaaeaeie aai
oaeaiae). ?acieiaoue e iiaeaaeeaaoue eo a oa/aiea aeaoo – o?ao ieioo
aaeaaeiaaii. A n 10 ianyoeaa iiaeeeth/atho e aeoeaiua oi?aaeiaiey aeey
iaeueoeaa ?oe: iaeuoe aeieaeiu eaoaoue iaaieueoea iy/e, ea?aoue
eoaeeaie, ie?aieaeeaie, o/eoueny ia?aeeaaeuaaoue iae?oiiua i?aaeiaou ec
iaeiie eo/ee a ae?oaoth. Eae iiaeii ?aiueoa iaiaoiaeeii i?eo/aoue
?aaaiea e naiinoiyoaeueiinoe. Auei caia/aii, /oi aeaoe, eioi?ua, eae
aiai?eony, “iiaoo ianeoaeeoue naay naie”, iaiueoa ea?oaayo e
nthntheatho, auno?aa ia?aoiaeyo e i?aaeeiaeaieyi. Yoi e iiiyoii, aaaeue
oaeea “oi?aaeiaiey”, eae aeaenoaey n eiaeeie, ?annoaaeaaiea ioaiaeoe e
o. i., ioee/ii ?acaeaatho iaeeoth iioi?eeo eenoe.
Aio nienie iniiaiuo nainiiioi?iuo iaaueia, eioi?uie iaeaaeaao oi?ioi
?acaeoue ?aaaiie a aic?anoa i?eaeeceoaeueii o?ao eao. Anee niioaaonoaoao
— ieeaeea caaea?aeee ?a/e ?aaaieo ia no?aoiu. Ii oi?ioi ?acaeaaaony e ni
a?aiaiai aoaeao i?ae?anii aiai?eoue.
Ii oi?ioi iuouaao naia iieiaeaiea a i?ino?ainoaa e ii ioiioaieth e
ae?oaei i?aaeiaoai;
o iaai oi?ioay eii?aeeiaoeey aeaeaeaiee;
ii iiieiaao ioiioaiey a i?ino?ainoaa: aeaeaei-aeecei, iacaae-aia?aae;
o iaai oi?ioay inaiea e /oanoai ?aaiiaaney;
ii iiaeao e ethaeo aeaeaoue ?aciua ?eoie/iua aeaeaeaiey;
ii iiaeao iiiciaaaoue iiiaea i?aaeiaou ia iuoiue:
ciaao ?acieoeo iaaeaeo “ai?y/i”, “oieiaeii”, “oaiei”;
iiieiaao, /oi nouanoaotho ?aciua oeaaoa, oi?iu i?aaeiaoia, ?aciua caoee
e oaeoo?u iiaa?oiinoae;
iiaeao iiaeia?aoue ?aciua aaue ii noiaenoao;
o iaai noi?ie?iaaeanue eii?aeeiaoeey “aeac—?oea”:
aio ciaeiiu oaeea iiiyoey: aeeeiiue — ei?ioeee iaeaiueeee — aieueoie
aunieee — ieceee oe?ieee — oceee aaa?oo — aieco oaa?aeue — iyaeee;
ii ?acee/aao caiaoe, ociaao ?acee/iua caoee.
Eioaeeaeooaeueiue ?ino
Eiia/ii, ia ?a/ue ?aaaiea anaaaea aeeyao aai eioaeeaeooaeueiue ?ino. Ia
auoiaii o?iaia iu iiieiaai yoi oae: aeoiue ?aaaiie aiai?eo ieioi, oiiue
— oi?ioi. Iaeiaei, iiiaea ?iaeeoaee /anoi aeoiatho, /oi iaoe aeaoe
aeoiaa, /ai iie anoue, eiaaea i?eieiatho ca ?a/aaua ioeaee oa
auneacuaaiey, eioi?ua i?inoi io?aaeatho eiie, /ai o ac?ineuo, acaeyae ia
ie?, naie iunee ii iiaiaeo neia, naie annioeeaoeee? Eae /anoi ?iaeeoaee
a oaeeo neo/ayo oi?iiyony eni?aaeoue ioeaee a ?a/e iaeuoa, aianoi oiai,
/oiau aeaoue aio iiaeoiaoue, e oai naiui eeoatho aai aiciiaeiinoe
?acaeaaoueny.
“Eaaeaeue ?ac, eiaaea ac?ineue n auniou naieo iiceoeee o/eo ?aaaiea
oiio, /oi ii iia au ioe?uoue aeey naay nai, ii eeoaao iaeuoa
aiciiaeiinoe iiiyoue yoi yaeaiea aei eiioea”. *
Yiioeeiiaeueiia ?acaeoea
Oiaiea aiai?eoue oanii naycaii o ?aaaiea e n yiioeeiiaeueiui ?acaeoeai.
Aeaoe, eioi?ua oi?ioi ioiinyony e naaa, /oanoaotho naith cia/eiinoue
aeey ie?oaeathueo, caueuaiiinoue, yiioeeiiaeueioth naycue n ?iaeeoaeyie,
anaaaea oi?ioi aiai?yo. A aio aeaoyi, eioi?ua ia?aaeeee iiiai iai?/aiee
e no?annia, auaaao o?oaeii iao/eoueny aiai?eoue. Caaea?aeeo a ?a/aaii
?acaeoee iiaeao aucaaoue e niaia i?eau/iie ianoaiiaee, iai?eia?,
ia?aacae ec aeiia a aeii eee ?aceoea n /aeiaaeii, eioi?ue ?aiueoa
ooaaeeaae ca iaeuoii.
Aeaaea neeoeii aeanoeia i?eo/aiea e ai?oeo e e ii?yoiinoe iiaeao
naeaeaoue ie?oaeathuee ie? iaothoiui aeey iaeuoa, a oio aoaeao ai?ioueny
n yoei ie?ii naiei iaaeaeaieai aiai?eoue.
________________________________
* AEai Ieaaea. ?a/ue e iuoeaiea ?aaaiea.-I.-E.,1932, n.87
Iauaiea
Ii aeaaiui oaeoi?ii, ii?aaeaeythuei ?a/aaia ?acaeoea ?aaaiea, yaeyaony
aai aeaeaiea e oiaiea iauaoueny n ethaeueie. Aaaeue ?a/ue nouanoaoao ia
oieueei aeey oiai, /oiau au?aceoue iunee eee yiioeee, ii e i?inoi, /oiau
iiaeaea?aeaoue i?eyoiue ?acaiai?. E ia yoii ciatho oaea naiua iaeaiueeea
aeaoe. *anoi iiaeii iaaethaeaoue, eae iaeuo, eioi?ue aaeaa inaiee ia?aua
neiaa, oaea caaiaeeo ia oeeoea “naaoneee ?acaiai?” n iaciaeiiui
/aeiaaeii. Eiia/ii, iao niiiaiee a oii, /oi oaeie ?aaaiie aoaeao oi?ioi
?acaeaaoueny a ycueiaii ioiioaiee: o iaai anoue aeaeaiea auneacaoueny e
ii iiaeao oaea ia naiai o?iaia iiiauaoueny n ae?oaei ethaeueie.
Noi?ie?iaaoue yoio iaaue aio iiiiaeao oieueei i?eia? ?iaeeoaeae: eo
?aaeoeee e iiaaaeaiea i?e ?acaiai?a.
CAEETH*AIEA
Oeaeueth aeaiiie ?aaiou yaeyeinue enneaaeiaaiea ?acaeoey ?a/e ?aaaiea e
ii?aaeaeaiea cia/aiey iauaiey aeey aa oi?ie?iaaiey.
Aeaiiay oeaeue o?aaiaaea ?aoaiey neaaeothueo caaea/:
1) ii?aaeaeaiea yoaiia ?acaeoey ?a/e eae n?aaenoaa iauaiey a aic?anoa io
0 aei 3 eao;
2) auyaeaiea aeeyiey noaiaie iauaiey ac?ineiai n ?aaaieii ia oiae
?acaeoey ?a/e.
Aiaeec ineoieiae/aneie eeoa?aoo?u iicaieee naeaeaoue auaiae i oii, /oi
i?ioeann noaiiaeaiey o aeaoae ia?aie ooieoeee ?a/e, o.a. iaeaaeaiey
?a/ueth eae n?aaenoaii iauaiey, a oa/aiea ia?auo eao aeecie i?ioiaeeo
o?e iniiaiuo yoaia:
Iiaeaioiaeoaeueiue yoai (aeiaa?aaeueiia ?acaeoea iauaiey);
Yoai aicieeiiaaiey ?a/e;
Yoai ?acaeoey ?a/aaiai iauaiey.
1. Aeiaa?aaeueiue yoai ioaaouaaao ia?aue aiae aeecie ?aaaiea. Auyniaii,
/oi ia yoii yoaia o ?aaaiea oi?ie?othony aeaa oi?iu iauaiey:
a) Neooaoeaii-ee/iinoiia, aaea niaea?aeaiea iio?aaiinoe aeaoae a iauaiee
naiaeeony e ioaeaea ai aieiaiee ac?ineuo.
a) Neooaoeaii-aeaeiaia, aaea niaea?aeaiea iio?aaiinoe aeaoae a iauaiee
iaiaiuaaony iiaui aeaeii aeayoaeueiinoe – i?aaeiaoiie iaieioeyoeeae.
Iaaethaeaiey ca iauaieai iaoa?e e ?aaaiea iicaieeee iai naeaeaoue
auaiae: oae eae io ?iaeaeaiey neoo ?aaaiea ia i?eniiniaeai e oiieiio
?acee/aieth ?a/aauo caoeia, oi yoa niiniaiinoue ?acaeaaaony oieueei a
iauaiee ni ac?ineuie. Ia aeaiiii yoaia ?aaaiie aua ia iiieiaao cia/aiey
ia?auaiiuo e iaio neia, ii ii /aoei oeaaeeaaao eioiiaoeeth. Aieiaiea e
aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiinoue ac?ineuo aucuaatho o ?aaaiea y?eea ?aaeinoiua
ia?aaeeaaiey, a iieiaeeoaeueiua yiioeee iiauoatho aeeciaiiue oiion
?aaaiea, aeoeaece?otho ana aai ooieoeee, a o./. ?acaeoea ?a/e.
2. Yoai aicieeiiaaiey ?a/e ioaaouaaao iau/ii ia?eiae io eiioea ia?aiai
aiaea aei aoi?ie iieiaeiu aoi?iai aiaea. Ia yoii yoaia aicieeaao
iiieiaiea ?a/e ac?ineuo e iiyaeythony ia?aua aa?aaeecaoeee.
I/aiue aaaeiia cia/aiea eiaao eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia acaeiiaeaenoaea
ac?ineiai e ?aaaiea. Aeaoe onaaeaatho iauaeo e aai neiaaniia iaicia/aiea
a nayce ae?oa n ae?oaii. Yoi yoai aeoeaiiai iaieioee?iaaiey ?a/aauie
caoeaie: eaiao i?eia?aoaao niaa?oaiii iiiyoioth /aeiaa/aneoth
eioiiaoeeth e au?aceoaeueiinoue. Caeanue iieiaeeoaeueioth ?ieue ea?atho
yiioeeiiaeueiua eiioaeou, aieiniaua eiioaeou, a oaeaea eiioaeou a oiaea
niaianoiuo aeaenoaee.
Enneaaeiaaiey iieacaee, /oi iiieii aieiaiey e aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiinoe
?aaaiie ?aiiaai aic?anoa eniuouaaao ioaeaeo aua e a nio?oaeie/anoaa
ac?ineiai. Oaeia nio?oaeie/anoai ia naiaeeony e i?inoie iiiiue. Aeaoyi
o?aaoaony nio/anoea ac?ineiai, iaeiia?aiaiiay i?aeoe/aneay
aeayoaeueiinoue ?yaeii n ieie. Oieueei oaeiai ?iaea nio?oaeie/anoai
i?eaiaeeo e aieaa ?aiiaio aicieeiiaaieth e ?acaeoeth ?a/e.
3. Yoai ?acaeoey ?a/aaiai iauaiey. Yoio yoai ioaaouaaao ia?eiae io
iiyaeaiey ia?auo neia e aei eiioea aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa. Caeanue
i?ienoiaeeo eciaiaiea niaea?aeaiey ?a/aaiai iauaiey, ia?ano?aeaaaony aai
oi?ia – iia noaiiaeony aianeooaoeaii-ee/iinoiie, o.e. iauaiea i?ioaeaao
ia oiia ea?u eae aaaeouae aeayoaeueiinoe. Aeaoe yoiai aic?anoa i/aiue
ioaeaeathony ai acaeiiiiieiaiee e niia?aaeeaaiee ac?ineiai, o.e.
niaiaaeaiea iiaiee e ioeaiie neeueii iiauoaao naiiioeaieo ?aaaiea.
Iaeaaeaiea ?a/ueth aeaeaao aiciiaeiui ia?aua oaae ?aaaiea e
i?iecaieueiiio iiaaaeaieth – iii ia/eiaao oi?aaeyoueny ia oieueei c?eiie
neooaoeeae, ii e neiaaie ac?ineiai.
?acoeueoaou iaaethaeaiee e yenia?eiaioa iicaieeee naeaeaoue auaiae:
?acaeoea ?a/aaiai neooa iicaieyao ?aaaieo iiieiaoue aieueoia eiee/anoai
neia e ociaaaoue iacaaiey iiiaeo i?aaeiaoia, ii onaiaiea ei ianneaiie
?a/e e i?iecianaiea aeoeaiuo neia a ?aoathuae noaiaie caaeneo io
noaiaie iauaiey ni ac?ineui. *ai aieueoa ?iaeeoaee caieiathony n
aeaoueie, /ai aieueoa ?acaeaathueo ea? iie eniieuecotho, a oaeaea
ia?auatho aieiaiea ?aaaiea ia ie?oaeathuea i?aaeiaou, iiae?iaii
?anneacuaatho i ieo, oai aieueoa iiauo neia e iacaaiee caiiieiaao
?aaaiie, a neaaeiaaoaeueii ?acaeaaaony aai aeoeaiue neiaa?iue caian.
Oaeei ia?acii iieo/eea iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea iaoa aeiioaca i oii, /oi
eioaineaiinoue iauaiey ac?ineiai n ?aaaieii i?eaiaeeo e aieaa ?aiiaio
?acaeoeth ?a/e, a oaeaea iiauoaao eiiioieeaoeaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee
?aaaiea.
NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U
1. Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua e eieeaeoeaiua iiiia?aoee e ae?oaea ecaeaiey:
Aaaeaaaa I.I., Iaua?yeiaa N.TH. Au e ieaaeaiaoe. – I.,1991.
Aiaeiae/ O.A. Ee/iinoue e aa oi?ie?iaaiea a aeaoneii aic?anoa. –
I.,1968.
Auaiaeneee E.N. Iuoeaiea e ?a/ue. -I.,1982.
Aaeueia?ei I.ss. Iaoiaeu iao/aiey e oinoaaiiia ?acaeoea ?aaaiea. –
I.,1985.
Ea?iiaa N.I. Iniciaiea neiaaniiai ninoaaa ?a/e aeioeieueieeaie. –
I.,1967.
Ea?iiaa N.I., O?oaa Y.E. Ineoieiaey ?a/aaiai ?acaeoey ?aaaiea. –
?inoia-ia-Aeiio, 1987.
Eaiioueaa A.I. Aeayoaeueiinoue, niciaiea, ee/iinoue. -I.,1975.
Eeneia I.E. I?iaeaia iioiaaiaca iauaiey. – I.,1986.
Eo?ey A.?., THaeiae/ O.A. ?a/ue e ?acaeoea ineoe/aneeo i?ioeannia
?aaaiea. -I., 1956.
Iaua?yeia A.E. Neaiiaeooiiaiua aeaoe. – I.,1974.
Iaiia ?.N. Ineoieiaey. Eieaa 2. – I.,1995.
Ineoe/aneia ?acaeoea ainieoaiieeia aeaoneiai aeiia. //Iiae ?aae. E.A.
Aeoa?iaeiie, A.A.?ocneie. – I.,1990.
Ieaaea AE. ?a/ue e iuoeaiea ?aaaiea. – I.-E.,1932.
Ineoieiaey aeaoae aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa //Iiae ?aae. Caii?iaeoea A.A.,
Yeueeiieia Ae.A. – I.,1964.
?acaeoea iauaiey o aeioeieueieeia //Iiae ?aae. Caii?iaeoea A.A., Eeneiie
I.E. – I.,1964.
?acaeoea ?aaaiea //Iiae ?aae. Caii?iaeoea A.A. – I.,1976.
?icaiaa?ae-Ioiei A.E. Oi?ie?iaaiea ?a/e o aeaoae ?aiiaai aic?anoa. –
I.,1963.
Oieueeaeueo A. Yenia?eiaioaeueiay ineoieiaey aeioeieueieea. –
I.-E.,1930.
Ooa?i A. Ineoieiaey ?aiiaai aeaonoaa. – Iao?ia?aae,1922
Yeueeiiei Ae.A. Aeaoneay ineoieiaey. – I.,1960.
2. Ninoaaiua /anoe ecaeaiee:
Aaeeii A. Ineoieiae/aneia ?acaeoea ?aaaiea //Aii?inu ineoieiaee. – 1976.
-?4.
Aeaauaeia A.A. Aaiacen e ?acaeoea ee/iinoe a aeaoneii aic?anoa //Aii?inu
ineoieiaee. – 1992. – ?1.
Eeoaiiua ?iaeeoaeueneiai iiia/eoaeuenoaa. O?anoiiaoey //Iiae ?aae.
Iooeiie A.N. – I.,1991.
3. Aeenna?oaoeee:
Enaieia A.E. Ineoieiae/aneea iniiau ?a/aaiai iioiaaiaca a ia/aeueiii
ia?eiaea.//Aeieo. Aeenn. – I.,1986.
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