“*oiau auoue oi?ioei i?aiiaeaaaoaeai,
ioaeii ethaeoue oi, /oi i?aiiaeaaoue,
e ethaeoue oao, eiio i?aiiaeaaoue.”
A.I.Eeth/aaneee
“ENIIEUeCIAAIEA OOAeIAEANOAAIIIE EEOA?AOO?U
IA O?IEAO ENOI?EE.”
(Iaaeaaiae/aneia ni/eiaiea o/anoieea
eiieo?na “Iaaeaaia aiaea”)
NOOIEII
1997.
Ieai.
Aaaaeaiea.
1. Iniiaiua oeaee eniieueciaaiey ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u ia o?ieao
enoi?ee.
2. Ianoi ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u ia o?iea enoi?ee e i?eioeeiu aa
ioai?a.
3. Eeanneoeeaoeey i?iecaaaeaiee ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u aeey o?ieia
enoi?ee.
4. Iaoiaeeea eniieueciaaiey ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u ia o?iea
enoi?ee:
a) iino?iaiea o?iea oeaeeeii ia iaoa?eaea ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u;
a) i?aaie/aneia aeeth/aiea ia?acia ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u a
eceiaeaiea iaoa?eaea;
a) e?aoeee ia?aneac ooaeiaeanoaaiiuo iaiyoieeia;
a) e?aoeay oeeoaoa ia o?iea;
ae) i?ino?aiiay oeeoaoa;
a) iaiiieiaiea eeoa?aoo?iiai ia?aca;
ae) ?acai? eeoa?aoo?iuo iaiyoieeia;
c) io?uaee ec i?iecaaaeaiee ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u a ea/anoaa
aii?inia ia iiaoi?eoaeueii-iaiauathueo o?ieao.
Caeeth/aiea.
…eaeay, aiieiuaiiay a ia?niiaaee,
aeinooiiaa aeey ?acoiaiey.
I.Aaeuecae
Aaaaeaiea.
Eiaaea-oi aeaaii, a aiaeu o/aau a n?aaeiae oeiea, y ieeae ia iiaea
ii?aaeaeeoueny n auai?ii naiaai aeeciaiiiai iooe. O iaiy auei aeaa
no?anoe: enoi?ey e eeoa?aoo?a. A eoiaa auai? aue naeaeai a iieueco
enoi?ee. Ii iiy ethaiaue e eeoa?aoo?a nio?aieeanue. ss iiiyea, /oi noaa
o/eoaeai enoi?ee, y niiao /anoe/ii aiieioeoue a aeeciue e naith aoi?oth
ia/oo – eeoa?aoo?ioth. Aaaeue eeoa?aoo?a eaeao ?oea ia ?oeo n enoi?eae.
E ?aoaao oa aea caaea/e enoi?e/aneiai iiciaiey, ii eiuie, naienoaaiiuie
oieueei ae, n?aaenoaaie – n?aaenoaaie ia?aciiai, ea?oeiiiai ioia?aaeaiey
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. I?aanoaaiii-ainieoaoaeueiia e iiciaaaoaeueiia
cia/aiea aa iaioeaieii. E oaia?ue, ?aaioay a n?aaeiae oeiea, y iuoathnue
inouanoaeoue yoio neioac, neioac enoi?ee e eeoa?aoo?u.
Iniiaiua oeaee eniieueciaaiey
ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
ia o?ieao enoi?ee.
I?iecaaaeaiey ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u ?aeiiaiaeothony ai anao
oeieueiuo o/aaieeao ii eaaeaeiio eo?no enoi?ee, i?eaeaeathony a ea/anoaa
au?aceoaeueiiai iaoa?eaea ia o?ieao. E anaaaea ooaeiaeanoaaiiay
eeoa?aoo?a neoaeeo aeey o/aueony iaeiei ec aaaeiuo enoi/ieeia aeey
iciaeiieaiey n enoi?e/aneei i?ioeui e iaeiei ec yooaeoeaiuo n?aaenoa eo
i?aanoaaiiiai e ynoaoe/aneiai ainieoaiey. Au ni?ineoa: “Ii/aio?” Aea
iioiio, /oi aeeainoue e eiie?aoiinoue ooaeiaeanoaaiiiai ia?aca
oneeeaatho ea?oeiiinoue iiaanoaiaaiey e oaeei ia?acii nicaeatho aieaa
eiie?aoiua enoi?e/aneea i?aaenoaaeaiey o o/aueony.
Ooaeiaeanoaaiiue ia?ac, eae i?aaeei, ioee/aaony iaoeinoueth e
oaaaeeoaeueiinoueth. E yoi iaeaa/aao aini?eyoea enoi?e/aneiai i?ioeiai.
Aeieacaoaeueiay neea ooaeiaeanoaaiiiai ia?aca ainieouaaao o oeieueieeia
ii?aaeaeaiiia ioiioaiea e eco/aaiui enoi?e/aneei yaeaieyi, aucuaaao o
ieo ni/oanoaea, iaiaaenoue, ainoeuaiea, aiciouaiea. ss?eee,
au?aceoaeueiue ooaeiaeanoaaiiue ia?ac aicaeaenoaoao ia ee/iinoue
o/auaainy ananoi?iiia: ia aai oi, /oanoai, aieth, iiaaaeaiea, iioiio /oi
yoe/aneea ii?iu ?ane?uou ia aeeauo i?eia?ao e a eiie?aoiuo neooaoeeyo.
Inoaiiaeiny ia eiie?aoiii i?eia?a. Anoue a eo?na enoi?ee 5 eeanna oaia
“A?anoneay e?aiinoue”. Ia o?iea iu n ?aayoaie aiai?ei i ia/aea Aaeeeie
Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu, i oyaeanoe ia?auo aeiae, i ioaeanoaa caueoieeia
A?anoneie e?aiinoe. Ii iaoa?eae o/aaieea, eae iia eaaeaony, i?aaeaeueii
noo e iaaeinoaoi/ii yiioeeiiaeai. Iiyoiio, /oiau nicaeaoue ioaeiue
iano?ie ia o?iea, y ca/eouaath io?uaie ec iiaanoe Ai?ena Aaneeueaaa “A
nieneao ia cia/eeny” i iineaaeieo ieiooao aeecie eaeoaiaioa Ieeieay
Ieoaeieeiaa.
“Ii oae no?iai e i?yii, ie/aai ia aeaey, ii oi/ii i?eaioe?oynue ii caoeo
?aaioaaoaai iioi?a. E ana noiyee ia naieo ianoao, e ii oae iaeei, n
o?oaeii ia?anoaaeyy ?anioooea, iaii?iaeaiiua iiae.
E aae?oa iaiaoeeee eaeoaiaio caiiei e iai?yaeaiii, eae ia ia?aaea,
aue?eeioe eiiaiaeo, e nieaeaou, uaeeioa eaaeoeaie, /aoei aneeioee
i?oaeea “ia ea?aoe”. E iaiaoeeee aaia?ae, /ooue iiiaaeeea, iiaeian ?oeo
e oo?aaeea.
A ii, ea/aynue, iaaeeaiii oae neaicue no?ie a?aaia, ioaeaaaaoeo aio
nae/an aunoea aieineea ii/anoe. Ii ii ia aeaeae yoeo ii/anoae, a anee au
e aeaeae, aio auei au oaea ana ?aaii. Ii aue auoa anao iuneeiuo
ii/anoae, auoa neaau, auoa aeecie e auoa nia?oe.
No?aoii, a aiein, eae ii iieieieeo, cae?e/aee, caauee aaau. Iaeia ca
ae?oaie iie iaaeaee ia eieaie a oieiaeioth ai?aeueneoth a?ycue. ?uaeay,
i?ioyaeaaee ?oee e eeaiyeenue aei caiee aio, iineaaeiaio caueoieeo oae e
ia iiei?eaoaeny e?aiinoe… Ii oae e oae, oae ai?aei e oi?yii, eae aeee, e
oiae oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea aeioae.
Aicea iaoeiu.
Ii oiae ia nieio, iaacie/ue, oe?iei ?aneeioa ?oee… Oiae naiaiaeiui e
iinea aeecie, nia?oeth nia?oue iii?aa.”(
Iia ieeiaaea ia caauoue oe?iei ?ane?uouo aeaoneeo aeac, a eioi?uo a yoio
iiiaio iiaeii auei i?i/eoaoue ana: ainoeuaiea, no?ao, iaiaaenoue,
ai?aeinoue. E y ni?aoeaath naay a yoio iiiaio: “?acaa au iia oeieueiue
o/aaiee aucaaoue o ?aayo oaeoth ao?th /oanoa, oaeie eioa?an e oaia,
oaeia iiieiaiea?” E naia naaa ioaa/ath: “E niaeaeaieth, iao.”
I?eaeaeaaiua ia o?ieao enoi?ee ooaeiaeanoaaiiua ia?acu oneeeaatho
eaeaeioth iai?aaeaiiinoue i?aiiaeaaaiey, aeatho o/eoaeth aiciiaeiinoue
aeiaanoe aei niciaiey o/aueony eaeaeiia niaea?aeaiea oaiu a aeinooiiii
eiie?aoiii aeaea, niinianoaoy aieaa i?i/iiio cae?aieaieth a iaiyoe
o/aueony eco/aaiiai enoi?e/aneiai iaoa?eaea. Io, eae caeanue iaieoenue
aac i?eia?a? E a iyoii, e a naaeueiii eeannao anoue oaia iao?ianeeo
i?aia?aciaaiee, no?ieoaeuenoaa Iaoa?ao?aa, cia/aiey yoiai ai?iaea aeey
enoi?e/aneiai aoaeouaai ?innee. Ia yoo oaio iiaeii aeieai e i?ino?aiii
aiai?eoue. Ii ca/ai? Aaaeue anoue Iooeei.
“Ia aa?aao ionouiiuo aiei
Noiye ii, aeoi aaeeeeo iiei,
E aaeaeue aeyaeae…
E aeoiae ii:
Ionaeue a?iceoue iu aoaeai oaaaeo.
Caeanue aoaeao ai?iae caeiaeai
Iacei iaaeiaiiiio ninaaeo.
I?e?iaeie caeanue iai noaeaeaii
A Aa?iio i?i?oaeoue ieii,
Iiaith oaa?aeie noaoue i?e ii?a.
Nthaea ii iiaui ei aieiai
Ana oeaae a ainoe aoaeoo e iai,
E caie?oai ia i?inoi?a.
I?ioei noi eao, e thiue a?aae,
Iieiiuiuo no?ai e?ana e aeeai,
Ec oueiu eania, ec oiie aeao
Aicianny iuoii, ai?aeaeeai…
A a?aieo iaeaeany Iaaa;
Iinou iiaenee iaae aiaeaie;
Oaiii-caeaiuie naaeaie
Aa iie?ueenue ino?iaa,
E ia?aae ieaaeoath noieeoeae
Iiia?eea noa?ay Iineaa…”(
A i?iecaaaeaieyo ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u iu iaoiaeei eiie?aoiue
iaoa?eae, eae i?aaeei, ionoonoaothuee a o/aaiuo iiniaeyo,- ianoaiiaeo e
eiei?eo yiioe, iaoeea oa?aeoa?enoeee e aeaoaee auoa, y?eea oaeou e
iienaiea iaeeea ethaeae i?ioeiai. Iai?eia?, /oiau o/aueany naaeueiiai
eeanna aieaa /aoei i?aaenoaaeee naaa iaeee Aiaeueyia Ioaa/aaa, y
ca/eouaath io?uaie ec “Eaieoaineie aei/ee” Iooeeia.
“…ioaeee neac n iieaoae. Ia?oaeiinoue aai iieacaeanue iia
caia/aoaeueiay: ii aue eao ni?iea, ?inoo n?aaeiaai, ooaeiuaa e
oe?ieiiea/. A /a?iie ai?iaea aai iieacuaaeanue i?inaaeue; aeeaua
aieueoea aeaca oae e aaaaee. Eeoei aai eiaei au?aaeaiea aeiaieueii
i?eyoiia, ii ieooianeia. Aieina auee iano?eaeaiu a e?oaeie; ia iai aue
iai?aaiiue a?iye e oaoa?neea oa?iaa?u…”(
Oaeei ia?acii, ooaeiaeanoaaiiay eeoa?aoo?a eeethno?e?oao iao/iue
iaoa?eae enoi?ee, eiiiaioe?oao aai ooaeiaeanoaaiiuie nthaeaoaie,
oaeoaeyao iiieiaiea, aicaoaeaeaao aeeaie eioa?an e yaeaieyi aeecie,
aucuaay yiioeeiiaeueiua ia?aaeeaaiey.
Ianoi ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
ia o?iea enoi?ee
e i?eioeeiu aa ioai?a.
Iniiaiua ciaiey ii enoi?ee o/aueany iieo/atho /a?ac ?anneac o/eoaey.
Ieoe ?anneaca i?ieeaaeuaatho a niciaiee aeaoae nayce n i?ioeui ia?iaea e
no?aiu. Neiai o/eoaey, i?aaeaeueii oi/iia, iieiia no?aieoaeueiie iunee e
iaiiaeaeaeueiiai /oanoaa, ai iiiaii i?aaeii?aaeaeyao oniao iao/aiey.
Iaeiaei o/eoaeue ia anaaaea iaoiaeeo ioaeioth aaiio y?eeo
ecia?aceoaeueiuo n?aaenoa aeey eiie?aoiie e ia?aciie ia?aaea/e ciaiee.
Ia iiiiuue aio, a cia/eo e o/aueiny, aeieaeiu i?eeoe i?iecaaaeaiey
ienaoaeae e iiyoia.
Ii i?e ioai?a i?iecaaaeaiee ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u aeey o?ieia
enoi?ee iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue aeaa iiiaioa. Ai-ia?auo,
iiciaaaoaeueii-ainieoaoaeueioth oeaiiinoue iaoa?eaea (o.a. i?aaaeeaia
eceiaeaiea enoi?e/aneeo yaeaiee). N.I.Ai?iaeei iiae/a?eeaae, /oi auiunae
“aeieaeai iaoiaeeoueny a i?aaeaeao enoi?e/aneie e auoiaie
aeinoiaa?iinoe.”( Ai-aoi?uo, aai aunieoth ooaeiaeanoaaiioth oeaiiinoue.
Io?uaee ec i?iecaaaeaiee ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u, eniieuecoaiua ia
o?ieao enoi?ee, aeieaeiu a naaa niaea?aeaoue:
1. aeeaia ecia?aaeaiea enoi?e/aneeo niauoee, eco/aiea eioi?uo
i?aaeoniio?aii oeieueiie i?ia?aiiie;
2. ia?acu enoi?e/aneeo aeayoaeae e ecia?aaeaiea ia?iaeiuo iann;
3. ea?oeiiia iienaiea ianoaiiaee, a eioi?ie ?acai?a/eaathony niauoey
i?ioeiai.
O.a. ooaeiaeanoaaiiay eeoa?aoo?a iiiiaaao eo/oa onaaeaaoue enoi?e/aneea
niauoey. Ii ia eaaeaeia i?iecaaaeaiea ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u iiaeao
auoue eniieueciaaii ia o?iea enoi?ee. Ioaeai ouaoaeueiue ioai?.
Eeanneoeeaoeey i?iecaaaeaiee
ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
aeey o?ieia enoi?ee.
Ooaeiaeanoaaiiay eeoa?aoo?a, eniieuecoaiay a i?aiiaeaaaiee enoi?ee,
iiaeao auoue ?acaeaeaia ia aeaa a?oiiu: eeoa?aoo?iua iaiyoieee eco/aaiie
yiioe e enoi?e/aneoth aaeeao?enoeeo.
*oi iu ioiinei e eeoa?aoo?iui iaiyoieeai? Eiia/ii, yoi i?iecaaaeaiey,
nicaeaiiua a oo yiioo, eioi?oth iu eco/aai, o.a. i?iecaaaeaiey,
iaienaiiua nia?aiaiieeaie iienuaaaiuo yaeaiee e niauoee. I?iecaaaeaiey
yoie a?oiiu yaeythony naiaia?aciuie aeieoiaioaie yiioe e neoaeao aeey
enoi?e/aneie iaoee iaeiei ec enoi/ieeia ciaiee i i?ioeii. Eiia/ii,
ioaeii o/eouaaoue, /oi eeoa?aoo?iua iaiyoieee yiioe ecia?aaeatho aeeciue
naiaai a?aiaie neaicue i?ecio acaeyaeia aaoi?a. Iiyoiio iaiaoiaeei
e?eoe/aneee iiaeoiae e ooaeiaeanoaaiiiio i?iecaaaeaieth. ss?eeie
i?eia?aie oaeeo i?iecaaaeaiee yaeythony “Neiai i iieeo Eai?aaa”,
iaienaiiia a 1185 aiaeo a Eeaaa ii neo/ath iaiaaeaiey iieiaaoeeiai oaia
Eii/aea. Eee “Neacaiea i Iaiaaaii iiaieua”, iinayuaiiia Eoeeeianeie
aeoaa.
Ae?oaoth a?oiio ninoaaeytho i?iecaaaeaiey enoi?e/aneie aaeeao?enoeee
(enoi?e/aneee ?iiai, iiaanoue e o.ae.). Yoe i?iecaaaeaiey ia yaeythony
ie eeoa?aoo?iuie iaiyoieeaie yiioe, ie aeeaui naeaeaoaeuenoaii aa
nia?aiaiieeia, iiyoiio ia iiaoo neoaeeoue enoi?e/aneei enoi/ieeii. Ii
iie iiaoo auoue i?ae?aniui n?aaenoaii iciaeiieaiey o/aueony n
?acoeueoaoaie eco/aiey i?ioeiai, i?eoii a oaeaeaoaeueiuo nthaeaoao,
eiie?aoiuo ia?acao e au?aceoaeueiuo oa?aeoa?ao, o.a. iaeaieaa aeinooiii
e eioa?anii. Yoe i?iecaaaeaiey aeatho iai n?aaenoaa aeey eiie?aoecaoeee
e eeethno?aoeee eceaaaaiiai o/aaiiai iaoa?eaea, iiiiaatho ea?oeiiinoe
naiiai eceiaeaiey.
Iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau o/aueany oiaee ?acee/aoue yoe a?oiiu i?iecaaaeaiee. E
caeanue aeieaeia auoue /aoeay iiceoeey o/eoaey. Iai?eia?, ia o?iea
enoi?ee a 8 eeanna, aeaaay oa?aeoa?enoeeo Iaea?ueaaneie y?ia?ea ia/aea
XIX aaea, y i?i/eoath io?uaie:
“… ia?aae iei
Iaea?ueaa noaoii oeiii/ao,
Eeieo iaeeeai naiei.
Nthaea aeai/oa i?eaac eiaeaaoe,
Iiaeaeaeueiu aeiu aa?iiaaoe,
Oaaoi a?aeiaaiiuo eiiae
I?eaiae caaiae/ee ec noaiae,
Ea?ie i?eaac naie eieiaeu
E ai?noue oneoaeeeauo einoae,
Iiiauee – niaeuo aei/a?ae,
A aei/ee – i?ioeiaiaeie iiaeu.
Anye noaoeony, eaeao ca aeaoo,
E anthaeo ia?eaioeeueiue aeoo.”(
I?e yoii aoaeao ioia/aii, /oi yoo oa?aeoa?enoeeo aeaao oaeie
iaaethaeaoaeueiue nia?aiaiiee, eae A.N.Iooeei a ?iiaia “Aaaaiee Iiaaei”.
Ii a oi aea a?aiy, ?anneacuaay i ia/aea Niooiiai a?aiaie ia o?ieao
enoi?ee a naaeueiii eeanna e ca/eouaay io?uaie ec “Ai?ena Aiaeoiiaa”,
noieo ioiaoeoue, /oi Iooeei ia yaeyeny nia?aiaiieeii oao niauoee.
Iaiaoiaeeii eaaeaeue ?ac ia o?ieao enoi?ee ainieouaaoue o o/aueony
?acee/iia ioiioaiea e aaeeao?enoe/aneei i?iecaaaeaieyi ia enoi?e/aneea
oaiu, n iaeiie noi?iiu, e e eeoa?aoo?iui iaiyoieeai yiioe – n ae?oaie,
iaoiaeeoue a yoeo i?iecaaaeaieyo enoi?e/aneee iaoa?eae, naycuaay aai
niaea?aeaiea n niauoeyie i?ioeiai, eco/aaiuie a eo?na enoi?ee a oeiea.
Iaoiaeeea eniieueciaaiey
ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
ia o?iea enoi?ee.
Cia/aiea ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u a ?aoaiee
iiciaaaoaeueii-ainieoaoaeueiuo caaea/ iao/aiey enoi?ee oe?iei e
?aciinoi?iiia. Ionthaea ?aciiia?acia e iaoiaeeea aa i?eiaiaiey.
Auaatho o?iee, eioi?ua iiaeii ii/oe oeaeeeii iino?ieoue ia iaoa?eaea
ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u. A ea/anoaa i?eia?a iiaeii i?eaanoe o?ie a
iyoii eeanna ii eo?no ae?aaiaai ie?a “Iiyiu Aiia?a “Eeeaaea” e
“Iaeennay””. Eee o?ie a naaeueiii eeanna ii oaia “?acaeoea eeoa?aoo?u e
eneonnoaa”, eiaaea /anoue o?iea ioaiaeeony eco/aieth eieae A.I.?aaeeuaaa
“Iooaoanoaea ec Iaoa?ao?aa a Iineao”. Eee “Aeaeaeaiea iiae
i?aaeaiaeeoaeuenoaii Aiaeueyia Ioaa/aaa” ii iiaanoe A.N.Iooeeia
“Eaieoaineay aei/ea”. Oaeea o?iee ianiiiaiii i?ioiaeyo “ia o?a”. Ii
aioiaeoue eo e?aeia neiaeii, o.e. i?eoiaeeony ec aieueoiai i?iecaaaeaiey
ouaoaeueii ioae?aoue iaoa?eae, ninoaaeyoue ec iaai no?ieiue ?anneac, ia
caauaay i?e yoii i ieaia o?iea e o/eouaay a?aiy.
Ianeieueei i?iua aeeth/eoue ia?acu ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u a
eceiaeaiea ia o?iea. E oiaaea iaoa?eae ooaeiaeanoaaiiiai i?iecaaaeaiey
aini?eieiaaony ia eae eeoa?aoo?iay oeeoaoa, a eae iaioaeaeeiue yeaiaio
e?ani/iiai eceiaeaiey. Oae, iai?eia?, ia o?iea a naaeueiii eeanna ii
oaia “Iieoaaneay aeoaa”, iienuaay ?aoathuee iiiaio n?aaeaiey, y anaaaea
oeeoe?oth Iooeeia:
“E n ieie oea?neea ae?oaeeiu
Nioeenue a aeuio n?aaee ?aaieiu:
E a?yioe aie, Iieoaaneee aie!
A iaia, iiae a?aaeii ?aneaeaiiui,
Noaiie aeeaith io?aaeaiiui,
Iaae iaaeoei no?iai naaaeee no?ie
Oouee niueaao. Oyaeeie oo/ae
Io?yaeu eiiieoeu eaoo/ae,
A?acaeaie, naaeyie cao/a,
Noeaaynue, ?oayony niea/a.
A?inay a?oaeu oae ia a?oaeo,
Oa?u /oaoiiua iianthaeo
Iaae ieie i?uaatho, ?acyo,
I?ao ?itho e a e?iae oeiyo.
Oaaae, ?onneee – eieao, ?oaeo, ?aaeao.
Aie aa?aaaiiue, eeeee, ne?aaeao,
A?ii iooae, oiiio, ?aeaiuea, noii,
E nia?oue e aae ni anao noi?ii.”(
Yoio io?uaie i/aiue i?aaie/ii aieaoaaony a ?anneac, e io yoiai o?ie,
ianiiiaiii, auea?uaaao.
I/aiue /anoi ia o?ieao y eniieuecoth oaeie i?eai, eae e?aoeee ia?aneac
ooaeiaeanoaaiiiai i?iecaaaeaiey. Oae, iai?eia?, ia o?iea a iyoii eeanna
ii oaia “?aeeaey ae?aaieo aaeioyi” oianoii eniieueciaaoue ia?aneac eieae
E.?aea “A oea?noaa ieaiaiiiai ?a” (ieou Ae?aaiaai Aaeioa).
E?iia yoiai, eiiaaea ia o?ieao y eniieuecoth e?aoeea noeoioai?iua
oeeoaou. Iie, eae i?aaeei, naeaou, au?aceoaeueiu, i?iecaiaeyo neeueiia
aia/aoeaiea, eaaei caiiieiathony. ?anneacuaay i oyaeanoe Eaieia?aaeneie
aeieaaeu, oeeoe?oth I.Aa?aaieueoe:
“Noi aeaaaeoeaoue iyoue aeieaaeiuo a?aii
N iaiai e e?iaueth iiiieai”(
E caeanue oianoii aniiiieoue auneacuaaiea Aieueoa?a:
“Anoue iunee, ec eioi?uo i?inaauaiiue /aeiaae iiaeao ecaea/ue iieueco e
eioi?ua, aoaeo/e e?aiei naycaiu a neeueiua noeoe, eaaei oaea?aeeaathony
a iaiyoe”(
Iiieii e?aoeie oeeoaou ia naieo o?ieao y eniieuecoth i?ino?aiioth
oeeoaoo iienaoaeueiiai eee iiaanoaiaaoaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a. I?eia?aie
oaeeo o?ieia iiaoo auoue: ainueiie eeann “Ai?iaeeineia n?aaeaiea” e
/oaiea io?uaea ec “Aieiu e ie?a” E.I.Oienoiai; aeaayoue eeann
“?onnei-yiiineay aieia” e oeeoaoa ec ?iiaia A.Noaiaiiaa “Ii?o-A?oo?” e
o.ae. *oaiea ia o?ieao io?uaeia ec enoi?e/aneeo ?iiaiia ia oieueei
iiiiaaao ?aoaieth ia?aciaaoaeueiuo caaea/ o?iea, ii e yaeyaony iaeiei ec
i?eaiia i?iiaaaiaeu eieae. Aaaeue ia nae?ao, /oi iaoe aeaoe nae/an
aieueoa caiyou “oaeaeaie”, “aeaeeeaie”, “niieeaie” e o.ae. e o.i.
*eoatho aea iie e?aeia iaei. A ia oaeeo o?ieao o/aueany ciaeiiyony n
eo/oeie ia?acoeaie enoi?e/aneie aaeeao?enoeee, ?anoe?yaony eo e?oaici?,
iaiaauathony i?aaenoaaeaiey i i?ioeii.
Ii /oaiea aieueoeo io?uaeia ia o?iea o?aaoao a?aiaie. Iiyoiio /anoi y
ia?aie/eaathnue iaiiieiaieai eeoa?aoo?iiai ia?aca nnueeie ia ciaeiiia
o/aueiny eeoa?aoo?iia i?iecaaaeaiea. I?e yoii oi/ii oeacuaaaony
eiie?aoiue ia?ac, yieciae. Oaeea nnueee iaeeaeytho aioo?aiithth
iaaeyaeiinoue eceiaeaiey, iaiaauatho aini?eyoea enoi?e/aneiai iaoa?eaea,
iaeaa/atho aai iniuneeaaiea o/aueieny.
Iiaeaeoe, noieo iiaiai?eoue e aua ia iaeiii ec i?eaiia eniieueciaaiey
ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u ia o?ieao enoi?ee. Yoi ?acai? eeoa?aoo?iiai
iaiyoieea. I?iaiaeeony ii eeai iaoiaeii eiiiaioe?iaaiiiai /oaiey, eeai
iaoiaeii ?acaa?iooie aanaaeu. Yoa ?aaioa iaiiieiaao ?acai? enoi?e/aneiai
aeieoiaioa. I?i/eouaaai aneoo enoi/iee, a caoai aiaeece?oai aai ii
/anoyi, noaaei aii?inu. Oaeei iaoiaeii iu ?acae?aai oaio “Yeiiiie/aneia
?acaeoea ?innee” a ainueiii eeanna. ?acae?aai io?uaie ec “Aaaaiey
Iiaaeia”, aaea aeaaony iienaiea eaaeiaoa Iiaaeia, a eioi?ii eiaeinue:
“Ana, /ai aeey i?eoioe iaeeueiie
Oi?aoao Eiiaeii uaiaoeeueiue
E ii Aaeoe/aneei aieiai
Ca ean e naei aiceo iai,
Ana, /oi a Ia?eaea aeon aieiaeiue,
Iieaciue i?iiunae eca?aa,
Ecia?aoaao aeey caaaa,
Aeey ?ineioe, aeey iaae iiaeiie,-
Ana oe?aoaei eaaeiao
Oeeinioa a inueiiaaeoeaoue eao.”(
A caoai o/aueiny i?aaeeaaathony aii?inu: eaeiau i?aaeiaou ?onneiai
auaica a ia/aea XIX aaea? Eaeea oiaa?u i?aeiouanoaaiii aaiceeenue a
?inneth e eoi aue eo iieoiaoaeai? N eaeeie no?aiaie oi?aiaaea ?inney?
Ia oae aeaaii y noaea eniieueciaaoue ia naieo o?ieao aua iaeei i?eai.
Eae i?aaeei, ia iiaoi?eoaeueii-iaiauathueo o?ieao. O/aueany iieo/atho
io?uaie ec eeoa?aoo?iiai i?iecaaaeaiey. E ii iaio iie aeieaeiu iacaaoue
niauoey eee enoi?e/aneiai aeayoaey. E ?anneacaoue ana, /oi ei ecaanoii
ia yoii niauoee eee aeayoaea. Iai?eia?:
iyoue eeann: “Noiye oaeie aaeeeee noii,
Oae aie n oaeith e?iaueth,
*oi aue a aaa?aoe ie?aoai Aeii
Aei naiiai ieciauey.”
I.Eii/aeianeay “Iaoa ae?aaiyy noieeoea”
oanoie eeann: “Ineaieaiiue iieeiaiaeaoe,
Ia aico aanno?aoii noiy,
Aieinii, iiaeiaiui a?iio,
Iai?aaeyao y?inoue aiy.”
I.Eaiao “ssi AEeaeea”
A naaeueiii eeanna caaeaiea iiaeao auoue oneiaeiaii. Iai?eia?, ia
iiaoi?eoaeueii-iaiauathuai o?iea ii oaia “Niooiia a?aiy a ?innee” y
i?aaeeaaath o/aueiny ia oieueei ii?aaeaeeoue, eaeiio enoi?e/aneiio eeoeo
iinayuai oio eee eiie eeoa?aoo?iue io?uaie, ii e n?aaee i?aaeeiaeaiiuo
ii?o?aoia iaeoe yoiai aeayoaey. Oaeia caaeaiea anaaaea aucuaaao
iaiiaeaeaeueiue eioa?an e iaeeaeyao o?ie.
Iaoiaeu e i?eaiu, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu
iaoa?eaeu ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u, iiiaiia?aciu. Iiiaia caaeneo io
ianoa?noaa o/eoaey, io o?iaiy iiaeaioiaee eeanna e ae?oaeo oneiaee.
Iiyoiio, iaia/ay eniieueciaaiea ia o?iea oiai eee eiiai io?uaea, iaaei
enoiaeeoue ec eiie?aoiuo caaea/ o?iea, ec aai iniiaiiai niaea?aeaiey e
eaaeaeue ?ac ii?aaeaeyoue, eaeie ec yoeo eeoa?aoo?iuo iaoa?eaeia, a
eaeii iauaia e a eaeie oi?ia oeaeaniia?acii i?eaea/ue.
Caeeth/aiea.
Eiia/ii, iaoa enoi?ey aiaaoa e ?aciiia?acia. Ia iaiaa aiaaoa e iaoa
eeoa?aoo?a. Iiyoiio, oaeea iiiaiieaiiaua e ?aciiia?aciua iiaoo auoue
o?iee enoi?ee n eniieueciaaieai ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u. E anee
iiaeao auoue oaea/iue i?eia? onoaiiaeaiey iaaei?aaeiaoiuo naycae, oi yoi
naycue enoi?ee n eeoa?aoo?ie. I?aaaea, ooaeiaeanoaaiiue ia?ac aaiaeeony
ia aeey oe?aoaiey o?iea e ?acaea/aiey o/aueony, a aeey iiiiue a iiciaiee
enoi?e/aneiai i?ioeiai, o.a. aeey ?aoaiey ia?aciaaoaeueiuo e
ainieoaoaeueiuo caaea/ o?iea. Oeaeaniia?aciay e oi?ioi i?iaeoiaiiay
?aaioa ii eniieueciaaieth ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u a i?ioeanna
eco/aiey enoi?ee i?eianao iaioeaieioth iieueco o/aueiny, iiauneo eioa?an
e i?aaeiaoo, iaania/eo aieueooth yooaeoeaiinoue o?oaea o/eoaey enoi?ee.
Aaaeue iaaea?ii ss.A.Eiiaineee a “Aaeeeie aeeaeaeoeea” ienae: “Anaie
aiciiaeiuie niiniaaie ioaeii ainieaiaiyoue a aeaoyo ai?y/aa no?aieaiea e
ciaieth e o/aieth”. Yoi y e iuoathnue aeaeaoue ia naieo o?ieao
iin?aaenoaii ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u.
Eeoa?aoo?a.
1. Aaaei A. Iaoiaeeea i?aiiaeaaaiey enoi?ee a n?aaeiae oeiea.- I.:
I?inaauaiea, 1968
2. Aaaei A. Ooaeiaeanoaaiiay eeoa?aoo?a a i?aiiaeaaaiee iiaie enoi?ee.-
I.: I?inaauaiea, 1978
3. Eeaoiaiiia A. I?iecaaaeaiey ae?aaia?onneie eeoa?aoo?u ia o?ieao
enoi?ee.- “I?aiiaeaaaiea enoi?ee a oeiea”, ?8, 1994
4. Ia?oa/aiei I. Ooaeiaeanoaaiiay eeoa?aoo?a ia o?ieao enoi?ee.-
“I?aiiaeaaaiea enoi?ee a oeiea”, ?5-6, 1992
5. Iaoiaee/aneia iiniaea ii enoi?ee: 8 eeann. Iiae ?aae.
A.I?aia?aaeaineiai.- I.: I?inaauaiea, 1989
6. Eaaaaeaaa E. I?aaiecaoeey e i?iaaaeaiea enoi?e/aneeo ieeiieaae a 6-9
eeannao.- I.: I?inaauaiea, 1990
7. Oanoaeia A. Enoi?ey NNN? a ooaeiaeanoaaiii-enoi?e/aneeo ia?acao.- I.:
I?inaauaiea, 1985
( Aaneeueaa A.E. “A nieneao ia cia/eeny”… – I.: Aeaoneay eeoa?aoo?a,
1986. – no?. 220
( Iooeei A.N. Ni/eiaiey. A 3-o o. Oii 2… – I.: Ooaeiaeanoaaiiay
eeoa?aoo?a, 1986. – no?. 173
( Iooeei A.N. Ni/eiaiey. A 3-o o. Oii 3… – I.: Ooaeiaeanoaaiiay
eeoa?aoo?a, 1986. – no?. 240
( Ai?iaeei N.I. Aei?iae.- A ei.: Ai?iaeei N. Iieieaiiniue Aaycao.- I.:
1976, no?. 528-529
( Iooeei A.N. Ni/eiaiey. A 3-o o. Oii 2… – I.: Ooaeiaeanoaaiiay
eeoa?aoo?a, 1986. – no?. 341
( Iooeei A.N. Ni/eiaiey. A 3-o o. Oii 2… – I.: Ooaeiaeanoaaiiay
eeoa?aoo?a, 1986. – no?. 120
( Aa?aaieueoe I. Eca?aiiua i?iecaaaeaiey. – E.: Niaaoneee ienaoaeue,
1983. – no?. 126
( Aieueoa?. Eaiaeeae, eee Iioeieci. – I.: Ooaeiaeanoaaiiay eeoa?aoo?a,
1971. – no?. 432
( Iooeei A.N. Ni/eiaiey. A 3-o o. Oii 2… – I.: Ooaeiaeanoaaiiay
eeoa?aoo?a, 1986. – no?. 194-195
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