Niaea?aeaiea
Aeaaa 1 «I?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a» 2
Aeaaa 2 «Iiaaaeaiea eiaeeaeaeooia, a?oiiu e i?aaiecaoeee» 11
Aeaaa 3 «?oeiaiaenoai e iioeaaoeey» 17
Nienie eniieuecoaiie eeoa?aoo?u 22
I?eeiaeaiea 22
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a
Caaea/a i?aoai?aiey a aeeciue ?ac?aaioaiiie e i?eiyoie e eniieiaieth
no?aoaaee noieo ia?aae anaie iiae?acaeaeaieyie i?aaei?eyoey,
aeaenoaothueie eae aaeeiia oeaeia, ii aeey oiai /oiau yoa i?ia?aiia auea
oniaoiie ?oeiaiaenoao i?aaei?eyoey i?aaenoieo ouaoaeueii i?iaeoiaoue
i?aaiecaoeeiiiue aniaeo – eae i?aaeeueii e iaeaieaa yooaeoeaii
neii?aeeie?iaaoue ?aaioo anao yeaiaioia oaeiai neiaeiiai iaoaiecia, eae
aecian.
E iiiyoeth «i?aaiecaoeey» iiaeii iiaeoiaeeoue n aeaoo oi/ae c?aiey:
no?oeoo?iie e iiaaaeai/aneie.
I?e no?oeoo?iii iiaeoiaea iu ?anniao?eaaai i?aaiecaoeeth eae oaeiaoth,
niiniau ?ani?aaeaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iaycaiiinoae e oi, eaeei
ia?acii ia?aaeathony iieiiii/ey e ioaaonoaaiiinoue a ?aieao
i?aaiecaoeee.
I?e iiaaaeai/aneii iiaeoiaea a oeaio?a enneaaeiaaiey iaoiaeeony /aeiaae.
Iacaaeneii io oiai, ianeieueei ouaoaeueii i?iaeoiaia no?oeoo?a
i?aaiecaoeee, aeayoaeueiinoue aoaeao ii?aaeaeyoueny a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
ethaeueie, aoiaeyueie a ninoaa yoie i?aaiecaoeee, eo niiniaiinoyie e
iioeaaoeeae e o?oaeo.
I?aaeaea /ai i?iaeieaeaoue eceiaeaiea ioaeii aeiaiai?eoueny i iaeioi?uo
iiiyoeyo. *oi aea iu iiieiaai iiae neiaii «iaiaaeaeiaio». Yoi neiai
aoaeao oiio?aaeyoueny a o?ao cia/aieyo: aaia?aeueiue iaiaaeaeiaio;
iaiaaeaeiaio ia o?iaia ioaeaea; i?ioeann iaiaaeaeiaioa.
Aaia?aeueiue iaiaaeaeiaio. Iiae aaia?aeueiui iaiaaeaeiaioii iiieiathony
ana iaiaaeaea?u, iacaaeneii io oiai, yaeythony iie aee?aeoi?aie eee iao,
eioi?ua ioaa/atho ca iinoaiiaeo caaea/ e oi?ie?iaaiea iieeoeee, ca
aii?inu, naycaiiua n ieaie?iaaieai e i?aaiecaoeeae, eiio?ieai e
oi?aaeaieai eiiiaieae. *anoi oiio?aaeythony oaeea oa?ieiu, eae «aunoaa
?oeiaiaenoai» eee «aunoay aaeieieno?aoeey», iiae eioi?uie iiaoo
iiae?acoiaaaoueny i?aceaeaio, aee?aeoi?, aee?aeoi?-?anii?yaeeoaeue, eee
aeaaiue oi?aaeythuee, a oaeaea ae?oaea aunoea aeieaeiinoiua eeoea,
eioi?ua aoiaeyo a Niaao aee?aeoi?ia. Oa?aeoa? ooieoeee aaia?aeueiiai
iaiaaeaeiaioa iaiyaony n eciaiaieai ?acia?a eiiiaiee, noaiaie neiaeiinoe
?aoaaiuo ath caaea/. Aiaoiyy n?aaea oaeaea ieacuaaao niioaaonoaothuaa
aeeyiea. Auiieiyaiay ei ?ieue a oeaeii iaeeiaeiaa aeey aieueoeinoaa
eiiiaiee e oe?i.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiua ooieoeee aaia?aeueiiai iaiaaeaeiaioa i?aaei?eyoey
aeeth/atho:
iaiin?aaenoaaiii i?aaiecaoeeiiioth ooieoeeth, oi anoue oi?ie?iaaiea
iaeaieaa i?eaieaiie i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u a niioaaonoaee ni
no?aoaaeae aeayoaeueiinoe eiiiaiee, i?e/ai eaaeaeue neoaeauee eiiiaiee
aeieaeai iaeeo/oei ia?acii ioaa/aoue i?aaeuyaeyaiui e iaio o?aaiaaieyi;
oi?aaeaiea, oi anoue oi?aaeaiea aeayoaeueiinoueth eiiiaiee, ?aaeecaoeeth
ieaiia, i?aia?aciaaiea iineaaeieo a i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iaycaiiinoe aeey
n?aaeiaai e iecoaai caaia neoaeaueo e ae?oaeo ?aaioieeia eiiiaiee,
noeioee?iaaiea ea/anoaaiiiai auiieiaiey ?aaiou. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi
iaeiie ec i?iaeai oi?aaeaiey yaeyaony oiaiea aua?aoue i?aaeeueiue noeeue
?oeiaiaenoaa
eiio?ieue, oi anoue iaania/aiea iaaeeaaeauaai auiieiaiey ?aaiou anaie
yeaiaioaie i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u. Nenoaiu eiio?iey neoaeao aeey
ecia?aiey ea/anoaa e eiee/anoaa i?iaeaeaiiie ?aaiou. Aeaaiui yeaiaioii
ooieoeee eiio?iey yaeyaony iaee/ea ia?aoiie nayce iaaeaeo iieo/aaiie
eioi?iaoeeae i ?acoeueoaoao ?aaiou e niioaaonoaothueie ieaiaie,
noaiaea?oaie, ii?iaie, n oai /oiau ioeeiiaiey auee i?iaiaeece?iaaiu e
ono?aiaiu;
eii?aeeiaoeeth, oi anoue iauaaeeiaiea a aaeeiia oeaeia anao oneeee
eaaeaeiai yeaiaioa i?aaiecaoeee. Oaoie/aneeie i?eaiaie eii?aeeiaoeee
yaeythony niaethaeaiea athaeaeaoa, ?aaoey?iia i?iaaaeaiea niaauaiee,
canaaeaiee, ?acee/iuo eiiennee. Iaaeeaaeauaa inouanoaeaiea eii?aeeiaoeee
i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea ?acaeoie nenoaiu nayce.
Iaiaaeaeiaio ia o?iaia ioaeaea. Iiea ioiaoei eeoue aai ninoaaeythuea, e
eioi?ui ioiinyony: iinoaiiaea caaea/ e oeaeae ia o?iaia ioaeaea a
niioaaonoaee n iaueie caaea/aie e oeaeyie ei?ii?aoeee; i?aaiecaoeey
?aaiou ioaeaea; oi?aaeaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth ii
auiieiaieth ieaia, noeioee?iaaiea ea/anoaaiiie ?aaiou nio?oaeieeia
ioaeaea, eii?aeeiaoeey i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna a ?aieao ioaeaea,
iaania/aiea iaaeeaaeauae nayce.
I?ioeann iaiaaeaeiaioa. I/aaeaeii, /oi aaeeinoaaiiay nouanoaaiiay
?acieoea iaaeaeo aaia?aeueiui iaiaaeaeiaioii e iaiaaeaeiaioii ia o?iaia
ioaeaea caeeth/aaony a ianooaaao, i?aaeaeao iieiiii/ee e
ioaaonoaaiiinoe, noaiaie aeaoaeecaoeee. I?ioeann iaiaaeaeiaioa aeeth/aao
a naay inouanoaeaiea anao auoaoiiiyioouo ooieoeee e iiaeao auiieiyoueny
ethaui /eaiii aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee a i?aaeaeao naiae eiiiaoaioeee.
Ianiio?y ia oi /oi aeaiiia ii?aaeaeaiea iaiaaeaeiaioa ioiineony e oai
neoaeauei eiiiaiee, eioi?ua ioaa/atho eae ieieioi ca iiae?acaeaeaiea,
oai ia iaiaa ooieoeee iaiaaeaeiaioa iiaoo auiieiyoueny einiaeoi?ii,
a?eaaaee?ii, oi anoue oaie, eiai iu iau/ii ia iacuaaai iaiaaeaea?aie.
Iaeiaei ei ana aea i?eoiaeeony oi?aaeyoue ia naiai, ionoue e iaaunieii
o?iaia.
Ia iaiaa aaaeii i?aaenoaaeyoue, /oi iiieiaaony iiae i?aaiecaoeeae.
Anoue, e i?eia?o, neaaeothuaa ii?aaeaeaiea nouiinoe i?aaiecaoeee eae
i?ioeanna: yoi ninoaaiay /anoue iaiaaeaeiaioa, eioi?ay caeeth/aaony a
?aoaiee aii?inia oi?ie?iaaiey no?oeoo?u, eanathueony:
ioaaonoaaiiinoe, iin?aaenoaii eioi?ie iinoaaeaiiua ia?aae i?aaei?eyoeai
caaea/e ?ani?aaeaeythony iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie:
einiaeoi?aie-eiio?iea?aie e ae?oaeie neoaeaueie;
oi?iaeueiuo acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo neoaeaueie i?aaei?eyoey ii iiaiaeo
?ani?aaeaeaiey ioaaonoaaiiinoe.
Oaeaea neaaeoao aeiaiai?eoueny aua i ianeieueeeo iiiyoeyo, eniieuecoaiuo
a aeaiiie iaeanoe:
«I?aaieciaaoue» – cia/eo nieaie?iaaoue e ii?aaeaeeoue oa ooieoeee e
aeaenoaey, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeiu aeey auiieiaiey oie eee eiie ?aaiou, a
oaeaea iauaaeeieoue yoe ooieoeee e aeaenoaey a ?aieao a?oiiu, ioaeaea,
iiae?acaeaeaiey.
«I?aaiecaoeeiiiia acaeiiaeaenoaea». Anee enoiaeeoue ec oiai, /oi
oi?aaeaiea a oeaeii ?aniaaeaaony ia ioaeaeueiua iiceoeee a ?aieao
no?oeoo?u, oi oa oi?iaeueiua ioiioaiey, eioi?ua nouanoaotho iaaeaeo
ioaeaeueiuie iiceoeeyie iaiaaeaeiaioa, e aoaeoo iacuaaoueny
i?aaiecaoeeiiiui acaeiiaeaenoaeai.
I?aaiecaoeey ninoieo ec eeoe, eioi?ua eiatho ia?aae niaie iaeoth oeaeue;
?aaioatho a iaeiie eiiaiaea; eniieuecotho ii?aaeaeaiiua ciaiey e
oaoie/aneea i?eaiu; aunooiatho eae aaeeiue e oeaeinoiue i?aaieci.
Iaiaaeaeiaio inouanoaeyao naie ooieoeee a iai?aaeaiee auiieiaiey
iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/ /a?ac iin?aaenoai ethaeae, eniieuecoy ?aciiia?aciua
oaoie/aneea i?eaiu, a ?aieao oie eee eiie i?aaiecaoeee.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a – yoi oeaeinoiay nenoaia, niaoeeaeueii
?ac?aaioaiiay oaeei ia?acii, /oiau ?aaioathuea a aa ?aieao ethaee iiaee
iaeaieaa yooaeoeaii aeiaeoueny iinoaaeaiiie ia?aae ieie oeaee.
I?aaiecaoeeae oaeaea /anoi iacuaatho ioaeaeueioth oe?io eae
i?iecaiaenoaaiioth aaeeieoeo, i?aaenoaaeythuoth niaie oeaeinoiue
i?aaieci.
Nouanoaotho o?e aeaaiuo yoaia a iino?iaiee ethaie i?aaiecaoeee:
ii?aaeaeaiea oa?aeoa?a auiieiyaiie ?aaiou;
?ani?aaeaeaiea ?aaiou iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie iiceoeeyie oi?aaeaiey»
eeanneoeeaoeey iiceoeee iaiaaeaeiaioa, iino?iaiea ia yoie iniiaa
eiae/aneeo a?oii oi?aaeaiey.
Ii?aaeaeaiea oa?aeoa?a auiieiyaiie ?aaiou. Aeey auiieiaiey yoie caaea/e
aeaiioth noaaeeth nicaeaiey i?aaiecaoeee iieacii oaeaea ?acaeoue ia
iiaeioieou, i?aaeoniao?eaathuea ii?aaeaeaiiua yoaiu e aeaeu ?aaio.
Iai?eia?, iinoaiiaea caaea/, ?an/ao iaiaoiaeeiiai iauaia ?aaio aeey
?aoaiey iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/, ono?aiaiea aaniieaciie ?aaiou e
aeoaee?iaaiey, ?ac?aaioea naiiai i?ioeanna, i?iaa?ea.
Aaoi? ecaanoiuo eiea ii yoei aii?inai i?ioanni? Ae?oea? auaeaeyao o?e
yoaia e iai?aaeaiey aiaeeca, eioi?ue iaiaoiaeeii i?iaanoe ia aeaiiii
yoaia iino?iaiey i?aaiecaoeee. Iie aeeth/atho aiaeec:
aeayoaeueiinoe, ii?aaeaeaiea oie ?aaiou, eioi?ay aeieaeia
inouanoaeyoueny, e niiniaia eii?aeeiaoeee acaeiiaeaenoaey;
?aoaiee, eaeiai aeaea ?aoaiey aoaeoo i?eieiaoueny e eaeia o/anoea a yoii
aoaeao i?eieiaoue oio eee eiie iaiaaeaea?;
ioiioaiee, oi anoue ii?aaeaeaiea oiai aeeaaea a iauaa aeaei, eioi?ue
aeieaeai aianoe iaiaaeaea?; eeoe, n eioi?uie iaiaaeaea? aeieaeai
acaeiiaeaenoaiaaoue; aeeyiey, ieacuaaaiiai ia iaiaaeaea?a ae?oaeie
eeoeaie, i?eieiathueie ?aoaiey.
?ani?aaeaeaiea ?aaio iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie iiceoeeyie iaiaaeaeiaioa. Yoio
yoai aeeth/aao a naay: onoaiiaeaiea ii?i, noaiaea?oia; oaoie/aneea
i?eaiu a ?aieao iao/iuo iaoiaeia oi?aaeaiey; onoaiiaeaiea iieiiai
nio?oaeie/anoaa anao eeoe, ?aaioathueo a aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee.
Eeanneoeeaoeey yeaiaioia iaiaaeaeiaioa, iino?iaiea eiae/aneeo a?oii. A
aeaiiii aii?ina aaaeii, /oiau yeaiaiou oi?aaeaiey auee na?oiie?iaaiu
niaeanii aeaeo auiieiyaiie ?aaiou, a ia ii ae?oaei e?eoa?eyi. Yoio
niinia ecaanoai eae «i?eioeei i?eaioaoeee».
?ani?aaeaeaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iaycaiiinoae e oi?ie?iaaiea eiae/aneeo
a?oii aeieaeiu iaecaaaeii i?eaanoe e nicaeaieth ioaeaeia, oi anoue
eieeaeoeaia ethaeae, auiieiythueo iaeioi?oth aiaeiae/ioth ?aaioo, eae
i?aaeei, iiae aaeeiui ?oeiaiaenoaii ia/aeueieea ioaeaea.
Nicaeaiea ioaeaeia iooai a?oiie?iaaiey aiaeiae/iuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
ooieoeee e neoaeaueo iicaieyao aeiaeoueny aieaa yooaeoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey,
iaiaoiaeeiie aeaeinoe ?oeiaiaenoaa eiiiaieae a ia?eiae ?anoe?aiey aa
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iaoiaeu ?ani?aaeaeaiey iaycaiiinoae ii ioaeaeai caaenyo io iieiaeaiiuo a
iniiao i?eciaeia. Ai-ia?auo, ii i?eioeeio aeaeaiey ia ?aaiua ii ?acia?o
a?oiiu. Yoio iaoiae i?eiaiyaony, eiaaea i?ioanneiiaeueiua ?aaioieee
iaeeiaeiau, a aeey aeinoeaeaiey eaeie-eeai oeaee iaiaoiaeeii
ii?aaeaeaiiia /enei ethaeae.
Ai-aoi?uo, ii ooieoeeiiaeueiiio i?eciaeo. Yoi iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiue
niinia nicaeaiey ioaeaeia ii i?iecaiaenoao, ia?eaoeiao, eaae?ai e o. ae.
Eo /enei caaeneo io iio?aaiinoae naiie i?aaiecaoeee.
A-o?aoueeo, ii oa??eoi?eaeueiiio i?eciaeo. Yoio niinia iaeaieaa
?ani?ino?aiai a neo/ayo, eiaaea i?aaei?eyoea inouanoaeyao naith
aeayoaeueiinoue ia oa??eoi?ee ?aciuo ?aeiiia. Ana aeaeu iia?aoeee
eiiiaiee ia aeaiiie oa??eoi?ee iiaoo auoue ii?o/aiu ?aaeiiaeueiiio
oi?aaeythuaio ii nauoo.
A-/aoaa?ouo, ia iniiaa auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee. Yoio niinia a ianoiyuaa
a?aiy iieo/aao ana aieueoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiea ia e?oiiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo,
?anoe?ythueo anni?oeiaio i?iecaiaeeiie i?iaeoeoeee, aaea ae?oaie iaoiae
i?eaae au eeoue e oneiaeiaieth no?oeoo?u i?aaiecaoeee.
A-iyouo, ia iniiaa eioa?ania iio?aaeoaey. A oao io?aneyo, aaea
iieoiaoaeue yaeyaony eeth/aaui oaeoi?ii, aai eioa?anu ieacuaatho
?aoathuaa aeeyiea ia no?oeoo?o i?aaiecaoeee. Yoi iniaaiii oa?aeoa?ii
aeey neoaeau na?aena.
Ia?ae/iay oi?ia i?aaiecaoeee – eiaaea inouanoaeyaony i?eai nio?oaeieeia
-iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaia a neaaeothuai aeaea.
I?aceaeaio
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?oeiaiaeeoaeue Eiiia?/aneee Aee?aeoi? ii Oeiainiaue
i?iecaiaenoaa aee?aeoi?
ia?niiaeo aee?aeoi?
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Oa??eoi?ey Oa??eoi?ey Oa??eoi?ey Oa??eoi?ey
A A N
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I?e oi?ie?iaaiee no?oeoo? oi?aaeaiey ai aieiaiea i?eieiathony
neaaeothuea aii?inu:
no?aoeoeeaoeey, oi anoue neieueei iiaeao iio?aaiaaoueny o?iaiae
oi?aaeaiey;
oi?iaeecaoeey, oi anoue ianeieueei oi?iaeueiui aeieaeii auoue
acaeiiaeaenoaea. *ai aieaa ath?ie?aoe/ai noeeue, oai aieaa oi?iaeueiie e
nenoaiiie aeieaeia auoue aioo?aiiyy no?oeoo?a;
oeaio?aeecaoeey, oi anoue ea?a?oey aeiaaaeaiey i?eiyouo ?aoaiee ana ee
aii?inu aeieaeii ?aoaoue aunoaa ?oeiaiaenoai;
neiaeiinoue i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u, oi anoue ianeieueei neiaeiui
aeieaeii auoue oi?aaeaiea n i?aaiecaoeeiiiie oi/ee c?aiey.
Aeey yooaeoeaiie ?aaiou i?aaiecaoeee aaaeii /aoei e ynii ii?aaeaeeoue
ooieoeeiiaeueiua iaycaiiinoe e iieiiii/ey, a oaeaea eo acaeiiioiioaiea.
Nouanoaotho o?e iaoiaea ii?aaeaeaiey iaycaiiinoae e iieiiii/ee e eo
ia?aaea/e a ?aieao i?aaiecaoeee. Eaaeaeue nio?oaeiee eiiiaiee aeieaeai
iiieiaoue, /o( iaeeaeaaony io iaai, eaeeie iieiiii/eyie ii iaeaaeaao,
eaeeie aeieaeiu auoue aai acaeiiioiioaiey n ae?oaeie neoaeaueie.
Yoi aeinoeaaaony n iiiiuueth noaiu i?aaiecaoeee, aeiiieiaiiie
niioaaonoaothueie ni?aai/ieeaie, e ?ani?aaeaeaiey iaycaiiinoae.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiua noaiu, oaaeeoeu. I?e iino?iaiee oaeeo noai iaiaoiaeeii
o/eouaaoue neaaeothuaa: noaia aeaao eeoue iauea eiioo?u no?oeoo?u
i?aaiecaoeee; iia aeieaeia auoue aeinooiia aeey iiieiaiey, niaea?aeaoue
ieieiaeueiia eiee/anoai aeaoaeae; ia nouanoaoao noaiaea?oiuo iino?iaiee
i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u, eaaeaeay oe?ia eiaao naie iniaaiiinoe. Noaia
aeieaeia io?aaeaoue ?aaeueioth no?oeoo?o oe?iu e ia yaeyoueny naiaai
?iaea oai?aoe/aneei noaiaea?oii. Anee noaio no?oeoo?u o?oaeii
ninoaaeoue, oi i?e/eia iiaeao caeeth/aoueny a oii, /oi naia i?aaiecaoeey
aeaoaeoia, oi anoue n oa/aieai a?aiaie aa no?oeoo?a noaea iayooaeoeaiie,
a?iiicaeeie, a eeiee acaeiiioiioaiee noaee eneaaeaiiuie.
Iiceoeaiay noi?iia eniieueciaaiey noaiaoe/iuo iino?iaiee. Ia
iiaeaioiaeoaeueiii yoaia iino?iaiey noaiu i?aaiecaoeee iineaaeiyy
aeieaeia auoue iiaeaa?aiooa ouaoaeueiiio aiaeeco. Oaeia enneaaeiaaiea
naii ii naaa i?eianao aieueooth iieueco, iineieueeo iii iaia?oaeeaaao
«neaaua ianoa», iaeeaaeee iieiiii/ee, iaaeinoaoi/ii oi?aaeyaiua caaiuey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna e o. i.
Noaia iicaieyao auaeaeeoue eeiee acaeiicaaeneiinoe e ioiioaiee aioo?e
i?aaiecaoeee.
Eae enoi/iee iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee noaia iiaeao auoue eniieueciaaia a
?aieao iciaeiieaiey n aeayoaeueiinoueth e no?oeoo?ie oi?aaeaiey
i?aaei?eyoeai, a oaeaea a ea/anoaa aeiiieieoaeueiiai iaaeyaeiiai
iaoa?eaea i?e eco/aiee aeieaeiinoiuo eino?oeoeee. Ath iiaeii
ainiieueciaaoueny a ea/anoaa iniiau aeey aiciiaeiie ?ai?aaiecaoeee eee
iiaeeoeeaoeee no?oeoo?u i?aaiecaoeee.
Iaeiiaoe, noaia eniieuecoaony a ea/anoaa ni?aai/iiai iaoa?eaea,
iicaieyao neoaeauei i?aaei?eyoey auno?i iciaeiieoueny n i?ienoaaeoeie a
?aieao i?aaiecaoeee eciaiaieyie.
Iaaeinoaoee eniieueciaaiey noaiaoe/iuo iino?iaiee. Yoi, ai-ia?auo,
noaoe/iinoue. Noaia no?iaiey i?aaiecaoeee auno?i onoa?aaaao. Iia
io?aaeaao i?aaiecaoeeth a ii?aaeaeaiiue iiiaio a?aiaie, a yoii niunea
iia noaoe/ia. Ii oae eae aecian aeeiaie/ai, oi ianiio?y ia oi, /oi
iniiaiay no?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee inoaaony iaeciaiiie a oa/aiea
aeeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie, a ?aieao yoie no?oeoo?u aicieeaao iiiai
eciaiaiee, /oi, anoanoaaiii, o?aaoao aianaiey ii?aaeaeaiiuo caiai e
aeiiieiaiee.
Ai-aoi?uo, a noaia ia io?aaeathony iaoi?iaeueiua ioiioaiey, /oi nieaeaao
aa i?aeoe/aneoth cia/eiinoue.
Noaiu iiaoo i?eaanoe e ath?ie?aoecio. Iie ii nouanoao iaaeaee e
io?aaeatho onoie/eaua eaiaeu acaeiiioiioaiee, ii ia oeacuaatho iaeaieaa
?aoeeiiaeueiuo, ei?ioeeo naycae, eioi?ua aanueia /anoi aicieeatho a
i?ioeanna aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee.
Iaeiiaoe, ia?aaeei aicieeatho o?oaeiinoe a i?aaenoaaeaiee ia o?iaiyo
cia/eiinoe. Iai?aaeeueiia aia/aoeaiea iiaeao aicieeiooue a ?acoeueoaoa
/oaiey noaiu, aaea ia iaeiie ai?eciioaeueiie eeiee iieacaiu ianeieueei
iaiaaeaea?ia, /oi yeiau iiae?acoiaaaao eo iaeeiaeiaue noaoon. Iiyoiio
eiiaaea aeiaieueii neiaeii n o?aaoaiie oi/iinoueth iaicia/eoue ?aaeueiua
ioiioaiey, ?acioth cia/eiinoue aeieaeiinoae e iieiaeaiee.
?oeiaiaenoai(ni?aai/iee) ii i?aaiecaoeeiiiiio iino?iaieth i?aaei?eyoey.
Oaeea aeaeu aeieoiaioia /anoi iacuaathony ioaeaeueiuie ni?aai/ieeaie eee
eino?oeoeeyie. Iie niaea?aeao ia?a/aiue aeieaeiinoae n eo iiae?iaiui
iienaieai.
?ani?aaeaeaiea iaycaiiinoae icia/aao ii?aaeaeaiea ianooaaa iieiiii/ee e
ia?u ioaaonoaaiiinoe ii eaaeaeie aeieaeiinoe, iaicia/aiiie ia noaia.
Caeanue aea niaea?aeeony iienaiea auiieiyaiuo ooieoeee. A aeieoiaioa
«?ani?aaeaeaiea iaycaiiinoae» aeieaeiu niaea?aeaoueny neaaeothuea
iieiaeaiey: iacaaiea aeieaeiinoe; ioaeae, a eioi?ii eiaaony yoa
aeieaeiinoue; o?iaaiue iieiaeaiey; iienaiea auiieiyaiuo ooieoeee;
iaycaiiinoe e i?aaa; acaeiiioiioaiey n ?oeiaiaenoaii, eieeaaaie e
iiae/eiaiiuie; /enei iiae/eiaiiuo, eo iniaaiiinoe; aeieaeiinoue
iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaeeoaey; iniaua iieiiii/ey; ia?aie/aiey a
iieiiii/eyo.
Aei neo ii? iu ?anniao?eaaee i?aaiecaoeeth n ooieoeeiiaeueiie oi/ee
c?aiey. Iaeiaei aiaeec acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo ?acee/iuie aeieaeiinoyie,
iinoaie iieacuaaao, /oi nouanoaoao oeaeue ?yae oeiia i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo
no?oeoo?, n?aaee eioi?uo iino?iaiea ii i?eioeeio ioaeaeia yaeyaony
iaeaieaa i?inoui. Nae/an aea e aii?ino ia i?aaiecaoeee iu iiaeieaeai n
oi/ee c?aiey ?ani?aaeaeaiey iieiiii/ee, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iaycaiiinoae.
A nayce n yoei i?aaiecaoeee iiaeii auei eeanneoeoee?iaaoue ii oaeei
oeiai iino?iaiey oi?aaeaiey:
n eeiaeiie i?aaiecaoeeae oi?aaeaiey;
n eeiaeiui e ooieoeeiiaeueiui oi?aaeaieai;
n iao?e/iie nenoaiie oi?aaeaiey;
n eniieueciaaieai eiieoaoia (eiiennee).
Eeiaeiay i?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey. ?ani?aaeaeaiea aeieaeiinoiuo
iaycaiiinoae inouanoaeaii oaeei ia?acii, /oiau eaaeaeue neoaeauee aue
iaeneiaeueii iaoeaeai ia auiieiaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo caaea/
i?aaiecaoeee. (ni. I?eeiaeaiea ?en.1)
Ana iieiiii/ey – i?yiua(eeiaeiua) – eaeoo io aunoaai caaia oi?aaeaiey e
iecoaio. A /enea i?aeiouanoa eeiaeiie i?aaiecaoeee – ioaaonoaaiiinoue,
onoaiiaeaiiua iaycaoaeuenoaa, /aoeia ?ani?aaeaeaiea iaycaiiinoae e
iieiiii/ee; iia?aoeaiue i?ioeann i?eiyoey ?aoaiee; i?inoioa a iiieiaiee
e eniieueciaaiee, aiciiaeiinoue iiaeaea?aeeaaoue iaiaoiaeeioth
aeenoeeieeio. Yoio oei oi?aaeai/aneie no?oeoo?u iau/ii aaaeao e
oi?ie?iaaieth noaaeeueiie e i?i/iie i?aaiecaoeee.
A /enea iaaeinoaoeia eeiaeiiai iino?iaiey i?aaiecaoeee – iaaeaeinoue,
aeanoeinoue, iai?eniiniaeaiiinoue e aeaeueiaeoaio ?inoo i?aaiecaoeee.
Oo?aoa (ionoaaea, nia?oue) ?oeiaiaeeoaey iiaeao i?eaanoe e aieaa
na?ueaciui iineaaenoaeyi, /ai i?e aeaeii iino?iaiee i?aaiecaoeeiiiie
no?oeoo?u. Iaoiae oi?aaeaiey iiaeao auoue ath?ie?aoe/aneei,
aeeeoaoi?neei, /oi oiaiueoaao iioaioeeaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe e
naea?aeeaaao eieoeeaoeao iieiaeuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae; ?oeiaiaeyuea eeoea
iiaoo auoue ia?aa?oaeaiu iaycaiiinoyie, ioaaonoaaiiinoueth, /oi iiaeao
i?eaanoe e no?anno e ieioiio oi?aaeaieth.
Eeiaeiia e ooieoeeiiaeueiia iino?iaiea i?aaiecaoeee. Yoi iaeaieaa
?ani?ino?aiaiiue iiaeoiae. A aeaiiii neo/aa eeiaeiia oi?aaeaiea
iiaee?aieyaony niaoeeaeueiuie aniiiiaaoaeueiuie neoaeaaie.
N?aaee iaaeinoaoeia eeiaeiiai e ooieoeeiiaeueiiai iino?iaiey –
?aciiaeaney iaaeaeo eeiaeiuie e ooieoeeiiaeueiuie neoaeaueie. Eeiaeiua
neoaeauea /anoi i?ioeaiaeaenoaotho ?aaioa ooieoeeiiaeueiuo yenia?oia;
aicieeathuea ?aciiaeaney iiaoo au?aceoueny a iai?aaeeueiii oieeiaaiee
iieo/aiiie io yenia?oia eioi?iaoeee, eioi?ay ia?aaeaaony eeiaeiuie
neoaeaueie iaiin?aaenoaaiiui eniieieoaeyi.
Iao?e/iay nenoaia iino?iaiey i?aaiecaoeee. Oaeay noaia ?ani?aaeaeaiey
iieiiii/ee i?aaeiacia/aia aeey iauaaeeiaiey a a?oiio niaoeeaeenoia
eiiiaiee n oeaeueth ?aaiou iaae niaoeeaeueiui i?iaeoii. (ni. I?eeiaeaiea
?en. 2)
Iino?iaiea i?aaiecaoeee n eniieueciaaieai eiiennee. Oi?aaeai/aneiio
aiia?aoo ieacuaaaony iiaeaea?aeea ni noi?iiu iinoiyiiuo eiiennee, /oi
eiaao ianoi naaiaeiy a nenoaia aieueie/iiai ianeoaeeaaiey. I/aiue /anoi
eiienney eiaao ieaeanoiyuoth eeiaeioth i?aaiecaoeeth, /a?ac eioi?oth e
inouanoaeyaony oi?aaeaiea.
Nouanoaiaaiea noieue aieueoiai ?aciiia?acey oeiia iino?iaiey
i?aaiecaoeee aaconeiaii aaaeao e onoaiiaeaieth ?aciuo aeaeia
acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo /eaiaie i?aaiecaoeee, caieiathueie ?acee/iua
iinou e aeieaeiinoe. Aeaeu ioiioaiee aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee aiaeiae/iu oeio
iino?iaiey no?oeoo?u aa oi?aaeaiey. Iie aeeth/atho neaaeothuea aa?eaiou:
eeiaeiua ioiioaiey;
ooieoeeiiaeueiua ioiioaiey;
ioiioaiey oi?aaeai/aneiai aiia?aoa;
eeoa?aeueiua ioiioaiey.
Eeiaeiua ioiioaiey – yoi ioiioaiey iaaeaeo ?oeiaiaeeoaeai e aai
iiae/eiaiiuie.
Ooieoeeiiaeueiua ioiioaiey – yoi ioiioaiey niaoeeaeenoa, eioi?ue
oiieiiii/ai auiieiyoue oo eee eioth ooieoeeth a ?aieao anae
i?aaiecaoeee, n ae?oaeie /eaiaie i?aaiecaoeee. Iau/ii oaeay
i?iecaiaenoaaiiay ienney eiaao ?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiue oa?aeoa?. Iai?eia?,
ia/aeueiee ioaeaea eaae?ia iiaeaea?aeeaaao ooieoeeiiaeueiua ioiioaiey n
ia/aeueieeii oeaoa a aii?inao i?eaia ia ?aaioo, iao/aiey e nioeeaeueiiai
iaania/aiey ?aaioieeia. I?e/ai e nai ooieoeeiiaeueiue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue
iaoiaeeony a ?aieao naiae eeiaeiie i?aaiecaoeee, iai?eia? ia/aeueiee
ioaeaea eaae?ia ii ioiioaieth e nio?oaeieeai naiaai ioaeaea.
Ioiioaiey oi?aaeai/aneiai aiia?aoa. Aeaiiue oei ioiioaiee eiaao ianoi a
neo/aa i?aaenoaaeaiey /ueeo-eeai i?aa e iieiiii/ee. Aeieaeiinoiua
iaycaiiinoe i?e yoii ninoiyo a i?aaeinoaaeaiee ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, niaaoia.
Iai?eia?, iiiiuiee ia/aeueieea oi?aaeaiey anooiaao a ioiioaiey n
eeiaeiuie ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie eae au ii ii?o/aieth ia/aeueieea oi?aaeaiey,
au?aaeay aieth e aeaeaiey iineaaeiaai. A yoii neo/aa iiiiuiee
inouanoaeyao iieiiii/ey, eioi?uie iaeaaeaao ia/aeueiee oi?aaeaiey. Ia
?aniieaaay ee/ii iieiiii/eyie, iiiiuiee ia i?eieiaao ?aoaiey, ii aai
iaycaiiinoue ninoieo a i?aaeinoaaeaiee ?aeiiaiaeaoeee naiaio
iaiin?aaenoaaiiiio ?oeiaiaeeoaeth ii oai eee eiui i?iecaiaenoaaiiui,
eiiia?/aneei e ae?oaei aii?inai, naycaiiui n i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaii.
I?aeiouanoai: yoi oi?ioee iaoiae iao/aiey e iiaeaioiaee aoaeoueo
?oeiaiaeeoaeae, yeiiiiey ?aai/aai a?aiaie aeey aunoaai caaia
?oeiaiaeeoaeae, inaiaiaeaeaiea io aaeaaeiaaiie /enoi aaeieieno?aoeaiie
?aaiou.
Iaaeinoaoee iau/ii i?iyaeythony a oii, /oi iiiiuieee ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
/anoi i?aauoatho naie iieiiii/ey, iaioeoeeaeueii i?eia?aoay
aeiiieieoaeueiua aeanoue e aeeyiea; ?oeiaiaeeoaee, ioaaonoaaiiua ca
?aoaiea eaae?iauo aii?inia, iiaoo iuoaoueny ieacuaaoue aeeyiea ia
eeiaeiuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae.
Eeoa?aeueiua ioiioaiey iiaoo auoue aeaoo eaoaai?ee. Ai-ia?auo,
eieeaaeiiaeueiua – yoi ioiioaiey iaaeaeo neoaeaueie iaeiiai ioaeaea,
iiae/eiaiiuie iaeiiio ia/aeueieeo. Ai-aoi?uo, ia?aeeaeueiua – yoi
ioiioaiey, eioi?ua aucaaiu iaiaoiaeeiinoueth iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae,
eaeayie e iiaieyie iaaeaeo neoaeaueie, caieiathueie iaeeiaeiaia
iieiaeaiea a i?aaiecaoeee, ii ?aaioathueie a ?aciuo ioaeaeao.
A nae/an y oi/o i?eaanoe ianeieueei i?eioeeiia nicaeaiey oi?ioae
i?aaiecaoeee, noi?ioee?iaaiiuo A. Oaeieai.
Aaeeinoai oi?aaeaiey. Iacaaeneii io no?oeoo?u i?aaiecaoeee, noaiaie
aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee e aeaeaae?iaaiey iieiiii/ee ianoe iieioth e
aaniethoioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca aeayoaeueiinoue anaai i?aaei?eyoey
aeieaeai iaeei /aeiaae.
Neaey?iue iaoiae ia?aaea/e iieiiii/ee. Iieiay e aaniethoiay
ioaaonoaaiiinoue icia/aao i?aai ia oieueei oi?aaeyoue, ii e
ia?aaeaaaoue, aeaeaae?iaaoue /anoue iieiiii/ee ae?oaei eeoeai ii eeiee
?oeiaiaenoaa.
Aaeeinoai iiae/eiaiey. O ethaiai neoaeauaai iiaeao auoue oieueei iaeei
?oeiaiaeeoaeue.
I?eioeei niioaaonoaey. Aeaeaae?iaaiiua iieiiii/ey aeieaeiu
niioaaonoaiaaoue o?iaith ioaaonoaaiiinoe. Anee ia eeoei aiceaaathony
ii?aaeaeaiiua iaycaiiinoe, oi aai iaiaoiaeeii iaaeaeeoue e
niioaaonoaothueie iieiiii/eyie, iaiaoiaeeiuie aeey auiieiaiey yoeo
iaycaiiinoae.
Ianooaau oi?aaeaiey. *enei eeoe, iaoiaeyueony a yooaeoeaiii oi?aaeaiee,
eeieoe?iaaii. Yoi caaeneo io ?yaea ianoiyoaeuenoa, io oa?aeoa?a
auiieiyaiie ?aaiou.
Eiiioieeaoeee, nenoaia nayce. I?aaiecaoeee aeieaeiu no?ieoueny a
niioaaonoaee n oa?aeoa?ii aiceiaeaiiuo ia ieo caaea/ e ia caaenaoue io
noauaeoeaiuo oaeoi?ia.
I?eioeei ecae?aoaeueiinoe. ?oeiaiaenoai aeieaeii iieo/aoue eeoue oo
eioi?iaoeeth, eioi?ay auoiaeeo ca ?aiee ieaia e yaeyaony
eneeth/eoaeueiie, oi anoue eeai aeaaii?eyoiie, eeai iaaeaaii?eyoiie aeey
aaaeaiey aeciana. Oaeei ia?acii iiaeii aoaeao iona/ue eeoithth,
iai?eaiaeioth e eniieueciaaieth eioi?iaoeeth.
Aeeooa?aioeeaoeey ?aaiou. ?acee/iua aeaeu ?aaiou eiatho ?aciua
oa?aeoa?enoeee, /oi iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeoniio?aoue i?e nicaeaiee
i?aaiecaoeee. Iai?eia?, aunieieaaeeoeoee?iaaiiue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue o?oae
o?aaoao eiuo oneiaee, /ai iieoeaaeeoeoee?iaaiiua iiaoi?ythueany
iia?aoeee.
?acaeaea neiaeiiai yeaiaioa ia i?inoua ninoaaeythuea, niaoeeaeecaoeey e
noaiaea?oecaoeey. Yoe iaoiaeu aeieaeiu iaeoe naia i?eiaiaiea a
i?aaiecaoeee, oae eae iicaieytho nieceoue cao?aou.
Eiio?ieue ca inouanoaeaieai iia?aoeee. Yoa ooieoeey aeieaeia auoue
ii?o/aia /aoei iaicia/aiiiio aeey yoie oeaee aiia?aoo. Ii?aaeaeaiiay
/anoue aaeieieno?aoeee aeieaeia neaaeeoue ca aaeaaeiaaiui oiaeii
auiieiaiey iia?aoeee. Oai?/aneee iiaeoiae e aeaeo aeieaeai iiiu?youeny.
Ieaie?iaaiea aeieaeii anaaaea i?aaeoanoaiaaoue auiieiaieth ?aaiou.
Aeaeinoue. No?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee aeieaeia iicaieyoue aiineoue a iaa
ei??aeoeau a nayce n eciaiaieai iaoiaeia, caaea/, oeaeae, ianooaaa
eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, iiyaeaieai iiauo oaoiieiaee e ?ano?nia.
Eiia/ii, aianaiea cia/eoaeueiuo eciaiaiee o?aaoao ananoi?iiiaai
enneaaeiaaiey.
Aeinooiiinoue anao o?iaiae i?aaiecaoeee. Ethaie nio?oaeiee i?aaiecaoeee
aeieaeai eiaoue i?aai e aiciiaeiinoue iiaeaoue aeaeiao, auneacaoue
caia/aiey eee i?aaeuyaeoue ?aeeaiaoeee niioaaonoaothuaio ?oeiaiaeeoaeth.
N?aaee eceiaeaiiuo auoa i?eioeeiia Oaeiey, eanathueony iino?iaiey
i?aaiecaoeee, anoue nnueea ia iaiaoiaeeiinoue onoaiiaeaiey
niioaaonoaothueo ianooaaia oi?aaeaiey, /oi yaeyaony aanueia aaaeiui
yeaiaioii anae eiioeaioeee. Eae Oaeieue, oae e ecaanoiue aiaeeeneee
eiinoeueoaio ii aii?inai iaiaaeaeiaioa O?aee auneacuaaaony a iieueco
no?iaiai ia?aie/aiey aa?oiaai i?aaeaea /enea iiae/eiaiiuo iaeiiio
?oeiaiaeeoaeth. O?aee n/eoaao, /oi eaeaaeueiia /enei iiae/eiaiiuo aeey
?oeiaiaeeoaey ethaiai ianooaaa – /aou?a. Iaeiaei eiaaony iiiai oaeoi?ia,
oaeeo eae neiaeiinoue, oa?aeoa? inouanoaeyaiuo iia?aoeee, eioi?ua
aucuaatho iaiaoiaeeiinoue eiaoue aieueoa, /ai /aou?a /aeiaaea a naiai
iiae/eiaiee.
Ia nouanoaoao oeacaiee ioiineoaeueii /enea eeoe, eioi?uie iaiaaeaea?
niiaeao iaeaieaa yooaeoeaii ?oeiaiaeeoue. Ii a eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii
neo/aa eo /enei ia?aie/aii. Yoio eeieo e ii?aaeaeyao a?aieoeu aeaiiie
i?aaiecaoeee, i?aaeeueiiai ni/aoaiey aeaeaae?iaaiey iieiiii/ee,
aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee. Eaeaaeueiia /enei iiae/eiaiiuo, eae n/eoaaony, io 3
aei 30, a caaeneiinoe io ianoiyoaeuenoa. Niaeanii iineaaeiei oai?eyi,
oi/iia /enei iaoiaeyueony a iiae/eiaiee ?oeiaiaeeoaey ii?aaeaeyaony
iinea enneaaeiaaiey anao oaeoi?ia i?iecaiaenoaa.
Ii?aaeaeaiea ianooaaia oi?aaeaiey. I?e ii?aaeaeaiee ianooaaia oi?aaeaiey
neaaeoao o/eouaaoue ianeieueei oaeoi?ia, eiathueo nouanoaaiiia cia/aiea.
Iiieii noaiaie neiaeiinoe auiieiyaiie ?aaiou iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue
noauaeoeaiua aiciiaeiinoe iaiaaeaea?a, aai niiniaiinoe nio?oaeie/aoue n
eieeaeoeaii. Iaiaaeaea? iiaeao oiaiueoeoue a?aiy, iaiaoiaeeiia aeey
oi?aaeaiey e eiio?iey, iooai: aeaeaae?iaaiey iieiiii/ee ia auiieiaiea
/aoei iinoaaeaiiie caaea/e; ninoaaeaiey yniiai e e?aoeiai ieaia,
?ac?aaioee niioaaonoaothueo i?eaiia e iiaeoiaeia; eniieueciaaiey
eiio?ieueii-i?iaa?i/iuo ii?iaoeaia, /oiau eiaoue aiciiaeiinoue
oaaaeeoueny a niaethaeaiee aai iiae/eiaiiuie niioaaonoaothuaai ieaia,
a?aoeea.
Aaaeiinoue onoaiiaeaiey ianooaaia oi?aaeaiey. Ia?iiiia cia/aiea eiaao
i?aaeeueiia onoaiiaeaiea i?aaeaeia ?ani?ino?aiaiey iieiiii/ee.
Neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi a neo/aa iaiainiiaaiii oaaee/aiiuo ianooaaia
oi?aaeaiey oa?yaony ee/iue eiioaeo iaaeaeo iaiaaeaea?ii e iiae/eiaiiuie,
iaiaaeaea? iiaeao iioa?youe oi?aaeaiea a?oiiie, aiciiaeii iiyaeaiea
iiaea?oii, aicieeatho o?oaeiinoe a i?iaa?ea ?acoeueoaoia aeayoaeueiinoe
a?oiiu, nieaeaaony ea/anoai i?ioanneiiaeueiiai iao/aiey ?aaioieeia, a
oaeaea ineaaeyaony eiio?ieue ca auiieiaieai ii?o/aiiuo ei caaeaiee, /oi
io?eoeaoaeueii neacuaaaony ia eo ii?aeueiii ninoiyiee e ?acoeueoaoao
o?oaea.
N ae?oaie noi?iiu, a neo/aa iaiainiiaaiii nie?auaiiuo ianooaaia
oi?aaeaiey aicieeaao neeoeii iiiai o?iaiae oi?aaeaiey, aic?anoatho
aaeieieno?aoeaiua cao?aou (i?aaeaea anaai a oi?ia auieao aeaeiaaiuey
oi?aaeai/aneiio aiia?aoo), aieueoa a?aiaie ioaiaeeony ia i?eiyoea
?aoaiee a nayce n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth i?ioiaeaeaiey anao caaiueaa
oi?aaeaiey, aic?anoaao noaiaiue eiio?iey, /oi iiaeao i?eaanoe e
nieaeaieth eieoeeaoeau e oai?/aneie aeoeaiinoe, iaaeaaii?eyoii
neacaoueny ia ii?aeueiii ninoiyiee.
Io ianooaaa iieiiii/ee caaeneo noaiaiue oeaio?aeecaoeee e
aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee. Aeaeaae?iaaiea iieiiii/ee yaeyaony ninoaaiie
/anoueth aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee. I?e ionoonoaee aeaeaae?iaaiey iieiiii/ee
oi?aaeaiea i?aaiecaoeeae noaiiaeony neeoeii oeaio?aeeciaaiiui. O?iaaiue
oeaio?aeecaoeee oai ieaea, /ai aieueoa ?aoaiee i?eieiaaony
iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia ?aai/eo ianoao, eioi?ua iacaiaaeeeoaeueii
auiieiythony e iinyo oceee, niaoeeaeueiue oa?aeoa?. Oeaio?aeecaoeey
oa?aeoa?ecoaony ionoonoaeai ia?aaea/e iieiiii/ee e ecaanoiuie i?aaeaeaie
eiiiaoaioiinoe, /oi aaaeao e nieaeaieth iia?aoeaiinoe a i?eiyoee
?aoaiee. Eceeoiyy oeaio?aeecaoeey ouaieyao ?acaeoea eieoeeaoeau
i?aaenoaaeoaeae iecoaai caaia ?oeiaiaeeoaeae.
Aeaeaae?iaaiea iieiiii/ee. Aeaaiay oeaeue aeaeaae?iaaiey iieiiii/ee –
naeaeaoue aiciiaeiie aeaoeaio?aeecaoeeth oi?aaeaiey i?aaiecaoeeae. Yoi
iaiaoiaeeii aeaeaoue, eiaaea ianooaau oi?aaeaiey neeoeii aaeeee e nai
i?ioeann aeeth/aao a naay ia?aaea/o iieiiii/ee ieaeanoiyuei
?oeiaiaeeoaeyi ia auiieiaiea niaoeeaeueiuo caaeaiee. Ia?aaeathony eeoue
iieiiii/ey. Anth ioaaonoaaiiinoue i?iaeieaeaao ianoe noa?oee
?oeiaiaeeoaeue.
Iaoiaeu ia?aaea/e iieiiii/ee. Ia?aaea/a iieiiii/ee iiaeao
inouanoaeyoueny a onoiie eee ienueiaiiie oi?ia. Iaoiaeu iiaoo auoue
iaueie eee niaoeeaeueiuie. Aianoa n oai ia aeieaeiu auoue ie neeoeii
oceeie, ie neeoeii oe?ieeie.
I?eioeeiu ia?aaea/e iieiiii/ee. Caeanue iaeaieaa aaaeiuie o?aaiaaieyie
yaeythony neaaeothuea:
ia?aaea/a iieiiii/ee aeieaeia inouanoaeyoueny a niioaaonoaee n
iaeeaeaaiui ?acoeueoaoii. Iiae/eiaiiue aeieaeai iaeaaeaoue aeinoaoi/iuie
iieiiii/eyie aeey aeinoeaeaiey o?aaoaiiai ?acoeueoaoa;
ia?aaea/a iieiiii/ee aeieaeia inouanoaeyoueny ii eeieyi oi?aaeaiey, n
oai /oiau eaaeaeue iiae/eiaiiue ciae, eoi eiie?aoii aai oiieiiii/ee,
ia?aae eai ii ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue;
eaaeaeue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?eieiaao ?aoaiey a i?aaeaeao naieo iieiiii/ee.
Ana, /oi i?aauoaao aai eiiiaoaioeeth, ia?aaeaaony aunoei caaiueyi
oi?aaeaiey;
ia?aaeathony eeoue iieiiii/ey. Noa?oaa aeieaeiinoiia eeoei i?iaeieaeaao
ianoe ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca aeaenoaey naiaai iiae/eiaiiiai.
Eneonnoai ia?aaea/e iieiiii/ee caaeneo a iniiaiii io i?e/ei
noauaeoeaiiai oa?aeoa?a e aeeth/aao a naay neaaeothuaa: aini?eei/eainoue
e iiaui eaeayi; aioiaiinoue ia?aaeaoue ?aoaiea iacia/eoaeueiuo aii?inia
iecoaio caaio oi?aaeaiey; aioiaiinoue aeiaa?youe iecoaio caaio
oi?aaeaiey; no?aieaiea inouanoaeyoue eeoue iauee, a ia, iai?eia?,
ii/aniaie eiio?ieue.
Oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia o?iaaiue aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee. N?aaee ieo iiaeii
auaeaeeoue neaaeothuea:
aaee/eia cao?ao;
noaiaiue oieoeeaoeee. AEaeaaiue o?iaaiue aaeeiiia?acey iiaeao auoue
aieaa yooaeoeaii aeinoeaioo n iiiiuueth oe?aieaiey oeaio?aeecaoeee;
?acia?u i?aaei?eyoey. Ia e?oiiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo ?aoaiey i?eieiathony
aieueoei /eneii ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ?aciiai o?iaiy, eioi?ua neiaeii
neii?aeeie?iaaoue. Oai, aaea iieiiii/ey ?ann?aaeioi/aiu, ?aoaiey
i?eieiathony aieaa iia?aoeaii;
oeeinioey iaiaaeaeiaioa. ?oeiaiaeeoaee iiaoo i?aaeii/eoaoue
aaoi?eoa?ioth no?oeoo?o oi?aaeaiey, aaea ana ?aoaiey i?eieiathony aunoei
?oeiaiaenoaii, eee aeaoeaio?aeeciaaiioth nenoaio, aaea ?oeiaiaeeoaee
anao o?iaiae ii naiaio oniio?aieth ii?aaeaeytho noa?o iieiiii/ee;
iaee/ea iiaeoiaeyuaai ?oeiaiaeeoaey. I?e ionoonoaee iaiaaeaea?ia
o?aaoaiiai o?iaiy oeaeaniia?acii nin?aaeioi/eoue iieiiii/ey a aunoeo
caaiueyo oi?aaeaiey;
eniieueciaaiea i?eaiia eiio?iey. *ai auoa aiciiaeiinoe eiio?iee?iaaiey,
oai aieueoae noaiaie aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee iiaeii aeinoe/ue;
oa?aeoa? aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee. Anee inouanoaeyaiua eiiia?/aneea
iia?aoeee ?ani?ino?aiythony ia aieueoea aaia?aoe/aneea ?aeiiu, oi
iio?aaoaony e aieueoay noaiaiue aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee;
aeeyiea aiaoiae n?aaeu. Eiathony a aeaeo, iai?eia?, iieeoeea
i?aaeoaeuenoaa a iaeanoe oeaiiia?aciaaiey, aeioiaeia eee eaeea-oi
ia?aie/aiey ia eniieueciaaiea ?aai/ae neeu. Yoe i?e/eiu iiaoo
oiaiueoeoue noaiaiue aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee oi?aaeaiey i?aaiecaoeeae, ii eo
/aoeia oi?ioee?iaaiea iiaeao niaeaenoaiaaoue ?aoaieth i?iaeaiu.
I?aeiouanoaa oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey. Caeanue neaaeoao iacaaoue:
eo/oee eiio?ieue ca aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaei?eyoey;
aiciiaeiinoue i?eaaaeaiey e aaeeiiio noaiaea?oo anao iia?aoeee a ?aieao
i?aaiecaoeee;
ono?aiaiea aiciiaeiiai aeoaee?iaaiey oao eee eiuo ia?ii?eyoee, oneeee;
aieaa yooaeoeaiia eniieueciaaiea eaae?ia, iai?oaeiaaiey,
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ieiuaaeae. Oeaio?aeecaoeey oi?aaeaiey iiaeao,
iai?eia?, naeaeaoue oeaeaniia?aciui i?eia?aoaiea eiiiuethoa?iie oaoieee
e ae?oaiai aei?iainoiyuaai, ii yooaeoeaiiai iai?oaeiaaiey.
Iaaeinoaoee oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey. E iei ioiinyony neaaeothuea:
?ino ath?ie?aoecia, iaeiieaiea n?i/iuo aeey ?aoaiey aii?inia, oaaee/aiea
aeieoiaioaoeee, aeinuea;
caaea?aeee a i?eiyoee ?aoaiee, a iniaaiiinoe ia ?aai/ai ianoa;
?aoaiey i?eieiathony oaie, eoi iaciaeii n ?aaeueiie neooaoeeae ia
i?iecaiaenoaa.
Ii eae ecaanoii, iaaeinoaoi/ii iino?ieoue iaaeeaaeauoth no?oeoo?o
i?aaiecaoeee, iaiaoiaeeii neii?aeeie?iaaoue ?aaioo anao aa yeaiaioia.
Eii?aeeiaoeey aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee icia/aao neio?iiecaoeeth
i?eeaaaaiuo oneeee, eo eioaa?aoeeth a aaeeiia oeaeia. Ae?oaeie neiaaie,
yoi i?ioeann ?ani?aaeaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe ai a?aiaie, i?eaaaeaiea aa
ioaeaeueiuo yeaiaioia a oaeia ni/aoaiea, eioi?ia iicaieeei au iaeaieaa
yooaeoeaii e iia?aoeaii aeinoe/ue iinoaaeaiiie oeaee.
?ani?aaeaeaiea iaycaiiinoae (ioaaonoaaiiinoe). A iaaieueoeo
i?aaiecaoeeyo, aaea ana neoaeauea ciatho ae?oa ae?oaa, eaaei nicaeaaony
?aai/ee eieeaeoea e aeiaeoueny eii?aeeiaoeee eo ?aaiou ia
i?aaenoaaeyaony neiaeiie i?iaeaiie. Ii a e?oiiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo n aunieie
noaiaiueth niaoeeaeecaoeee e ?ani?aaeaeaiey iaycaiiinoae aeinoeaeaiea
o?aaoaiiai o?iaiy eii?aeeiaoeee iio?aaoao io aunoae aaeieieno?aoeee
ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneeee.
Aio iaeioi?ua i?iaeaiu, eioi?ua iiaoo aicieeiooue i?e eii?aeeiaoeee
aeayoaeueiinoe ia o?iaia ioaeaea.
Ai-ia?auo, aiciiaeiinoue iiyaeaiey i?ioeai?a/ee i?e auiieiaiee ?acee/iuo
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ooieoeee, a /anoiinoe a ioiioaiee iauaia iaiaoiaeeiuo
aeey i?iecaiaenoaa caiania. Caaea/a eiio?ieueiuo i?aaiia ninoieo a
iioeiecaoeee eiee/anoaa caiania. Iaiaaeaea? ii i?iecaiaenoao no?aieoueny
eiaoue eae iiaeii aieueoee caian iaoa?eaeia e nu?uey, /oiau iaania/eoue
iai?a?uaiinoue i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai oeeeea. Caaaaeothuee ioaeaeii nauoa
i?aaeii/eoaao ?aniieaaaoue cia/eoaeueiui iauaiii aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee,
/oiau naiaa?aiaiii ioaa/aoue ia cai?inu iieoiaoaeae e o. ae.
Ai-aoi?uo, ouaieythony aeieain?i/iua ia?niaeoeaiua eioa?anu i?aaiecaoeee
ca n/ao iieo/aiey ioaeaeii e?aoeia?aiaiiuo auaiae.
A-o?aoueeo, i?iaeaiu aicieeatho a ?acoeueoaoa iaee/ey neeoeii aieueoiai
/enea niaaaeai/aneeo ioaeaeia eee ioaeaeia ii nauoo aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee.
A-/aoaa?ouo, eiathony i?iaeaiu aioo?aiieo oeai, eiaaea eaaeaeue ioaeae
ii?aaeaeyao naith nianoaaiioth oeaio i?iecaiaenoaa, /oiau ioeaieoue
yooaeoeaiinoue naiae aeayoaeueiinoe.
A-iyouo, nouanoaoao iianiinoue ?aciaaeaaaiey ii?aaeaeaiiuo aeaeia
aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ua aeieaeiu auoue oanii acaeiinaycaiu. Iai?eia?,
ooieoeee ioaeaea nauoa oanii ia?aieaoathony n caaea/aie ioaeaea ii
enneaaeiaaieth ?uieia.
Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue o?oae e caaea/e i?aaiecaoeee. Iaeaieaa yooaeoeaia
eii?aeeiaoeey a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea ?aaioiee aeaeeo aeeaae nianoaaiiiai
o?oaea a aeinoeaeaiea oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee. Iiyoiio i/aiue aaaeii, /oiau
eaaeaeue nio?oaeiee i?aaei?eyoey aue inaaaeiieai i aaia?aeueiie eeiee
?acaeoey i?aaiecaoeee, aa caaea/ao e oeaeyo.
Eii?aeeiaoeey aeayoaeueiinoe e n?aaenoaa nayce. I?iaeaiu ?acaeoey
aeinoaoi/ii yooaeoeaiie eii?aeeiaoeee aeayoaeueiinoe anao
iiae?acaeaeaiee i?aaiecaoeee eiatho iaiin?aaenoaaiiia ioiioaiea e
o?iaith ?acaeoey nayce, iaiaoiaeeiinoe iiaeaea?aeaiey iinoiyiiiai
eioi?iaoeeiiiiai iaiaia.
Eiaaea ?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?iecaiaenoaa ia?aaeaao oeacaiey eee eioth
eioi?iaoeeth /a?ac n?aaenoaa nayce, ii aeieaeai auoue oaa?ai, /oi aai
niiauaiea aoaeao i?aaeeueii iiiyoi e naiaa?aiaiii iieo/aii. Aaaeiui
yaeyaony e ia?aoiue i?ioeann ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee – io iiae/eiaiiiai e
?oeiaiaeeoaeth. Ia yoii yoaia auaatho naie, iecoaa caaii ia anaaaea
ciaao, eaeay eioi?iaoeey ioaeia ?oeiaiaenoao aeey i?eiyoey oao eee eiuo
?aoaiee. A yoii caeeth/aaony na?ueaciay i?iaeaia, oae eae enoi/ieeii
eioi?iaoeee aeey ?aoaiee ia naiii aunieii o?iaia yaeythony iecoea
caaiuey i?aaiecaoeee.
Eii?aeeiaoeey aeayoaeueiinoe n iiiiuueth eiiennee. Eiiennee /anoi
yaeythony aaeeinoaaiiui n?aaenoaii eii?aeeiaoeee ?acee/iuo ooieoeee
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa, iauaaeeiaiey ?aaioathueo a ?aciuo
iiae?acaeaeaieyo. Caeanue i?ienoiaeeo iieaciue iaiai iiaieyie, eo/oa
iiieiathony i?iaeaiu, i?eieiathony ?aoaiey, eanathueany ianeieueeeo
ioaeaeia. Eaaeaeue iiaeao auneacaoue naia iiaiea ii i?eieiaaiiio
?aoaieth, ii ieeoi ia iiaeao i?eiyoue aai naiinoiyoaeueii, ia o/eouaay
niia?aaeaiee naieo eieeaa.
Eiiennee auiieiytho oe?ieee niaeo? ?aaio n ?acee/iie noaiaiueth
ioaaonoaaiiinoe. N oi/ee c?aiey eo ianoa a no?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee iie
iiaoo auoue eeiaeiuie e ooieoeeiiaeueiuie, ioeoeeaeueiuie e
iaioeoeeaeueiuie. A oeaeii eiienney i?aaenoaaeyao niaie a?oiio eeoe, ia
eioi?uo aiceiaeaii ?aoaiea niaoeeaeueiie caaea/e.
I?e/eiu nicaeaiey eiiennee. Nicaeaiea eo iaoneiaeaii iau/ii ?yaeii
i?e/ei. Ai-ia?auo, yoi iaiaoiaeeiinoue eiaoue oaeia no?oeoo?iia
iiae?acaeaeaiea, aaea iiaeii auei au auneacaoue eaeae, iaiaiyoueny
iiuoii, au?aaioaoue eieeaeoeaiua ?aeiiaiaeaoeee.
Ai-aoi?uo, eiiennee nicaeathony n oeaeueth iaania/aiey
i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa caeioa?aniaaiiuo a?oii. Yoi iicaieyao auyaeoue aieaa
acaaoaiioth, naaeaine?iaaiioth oi/eo c?aiey, eioi?ay iniiauaaaony ia
oe?ieeo ciaieyo e iiuoa. A naith i/a?aaeue, a?oiiu, i?aaeeaaathuea naith
oi/eo c?aiey ia ?acaeoea niauoee, i?iyaeytho iiauoaiiia /oanoai
ioaaonoaaiiinoe e ieii/aoaeueii i?eiyoui ?aoaieyi.
A-o?aoueeo, a ea/anoaa n?aaenoaa ?ani?aaeaeaiey eioi?iaoeee. Ana
o/anoieee eiiennee iieo/atho iiaoth eioi?iaoeeth iaeiia?aiaiii, /oi
iicaieyao yeiiiieoue ?aai/aa a?aiy ?oeiaiaeeoaey. E oiio aea yoi
niaeaenoaoao iiauoaieth o?iaiy eii?aeeiaoeee aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee
a oeaeii.
A-/aoaa?ouo, aeey eiinieeaeaoeee iieiiii/ee, oi anoue caeanue iiaeii
iai?yioth, ieioy einoaioeee, aueoe ia o?aaoaiue o?iaaiue
aaeieieno?aoeaiie aeanoe.
Iaeiiaoe, aicieeaao aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaiey eiiennee a ea/anoaa
n?aaenoaa iiauoaiey i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiaeaioiaee, ?acaeoey
niioaaonoaothueo iaaueia ?oeiaiaeeoaey.
Aiciiaeiua iaaeinoaoee a ?aaioa eiiennee. N?aaee ieo auaeaeei
neaaeothuea:
n?aaieoaeueii iaaeeaiiue i?ioeann i?eiyoey ?aoaiee;
o/anoieee eiiennee, iaeaaeathuea iiauoaiiui oaiia?aiaioii, iiaoo caiyoue
aeiieie?othuaa iieiaeaiea, iiaeaaeyy iioaioeeaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe
ae?oaeo;
a ?acoeueoaoa ?aciiaeanee o/anoieeia eiiennee iiaoo i?eieiaoue
eiii?iienniua ?aoaiey (ia anaaaea naiua yooaeoeaiua) ;
eiiennee oiaiueoatho iieiiii/ey eeiaeiuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae.
Niaao aee?aeoi?ia (I?aaeaiea) – yoi a?oiia eeoe, eioi?ua ea?atho
iniiaioth ?ieue a aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee. Ieaea ?anniao?eaathony
caaea/e Niaaoa aee?aeoi?ia, ooieoeee i?aceaeaioa e nae?aoa?y.
Niaao aee?aeoi?ia ?ac?aaaouaaao i?iaiaeeioth ?oeiaiaenoaii eiiiaiee
iieeoeeo e i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aunoaa caaii oi?aaeaiey. A niioaaonoaee n
o?aaiaaieyie caeiia /eaiu Niaaoa aee?aeoi?ia i?eieiatho ia naay
ii?aaeaeaiiua iaycaiiinoe, n?aaee eioi?uo – iaania/aiea iaaeeaaeauaai
eniieueciaaiey aeoeaia i?aaei?eyoey, iaaeiiouaiea iioaiie/anoaa e
ae?oaeo ia?ooaiee. Iaycaiiinoe /eaiia Niaaoa aee?aeoi?ia aiaeiae/iu
ooieoeeyi «aeiaa?aiiiai eeoea», iineieueeo eiiiaiey eae au ii?o/aao ei
aanoe aeaei n aeia?ie aieae e ia aeaai eiiiaiee. Niaao aee?aeoi?ia
auiieiyao oeaeue ?yae neaaeothueo ooieoeee, i?aaeoniao?eaaaiuo a Onoaaa.
Aio iniiaiua ec ieo:
iiia/eoaeuenoai iaae eiaanoe?iaaiiui eaieoaeii. Yoi icia/aao, /oi Niaao
aee?aeoi?ia iaycai i?iyaeyoue caaioo i eaieoaea eiaanoi?ia,
iaania/eaaoue aai nio?aiiinoue e iieo/aiea ?acoiiie aeiee aeioiaea ia
yoio eaieoae;
inouanoaeaiea iinoaiiaee caaea/ (?ac?aaioea i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
no?aoaaee);
oi?ie?iaaiea io?aneaaie iieeoeee eiiiaiee (i?iecaiaenoai, ia?eaoeia,
eaae?u, oeiainu e ae?.);
iaania/aiea niaethaeaiey iaii?aiaeoia ia o/?aaeaeaiee eiiiaiee e onoaaa
eiiiaiee;
?ac?aaioea i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u eiiiaiee niaeanii aa caaea/ai e
oeaeyi;
iacia/aiea aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe eiiiaiee, ii?aaeaeaiea eo iaycaiiinoae e
iieiiii/ee;
iinoiyiiia iaaethaeaiea ca ?aaeecaoeeae iaia/aiiie iieeoeee, ?acaeoeai
eiiiaiee, a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe – inouanoaeaiea ei??aeoe?othueo
ia?ii?eyoee;
eiio?ieue ca anae aeayoaeueiinoueth eiiiaiee;
ioiaia, iaii?aaaeaiiuo ?anoiaeia e ?ac?aoaiea ia nouanoaaiiue iooiae io
caieaie?iaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe (iai?eia?, a neo/aa iinooieaiey e?oiiiai
ca?oaaaeiiai caeaca ia i?iaeoeoeeth) ;
naieoeeiie?iaaiea ?ani?aaeaeaiey i?eauee.
Aee?aeoi?a. A ea/anoaa aee?aeoi?ia iiaoo aunooiaoue ?aaioieee eiiiaiee e
i?eaeaoaaiua ni noi?iiu. Iiceoeaiua e iaaaoeaiua iiiaiou yoeo aa?eaioia
iienaiu ieaea.
Iieiaeeoaeueiua e io?eoeaoaeueiua iiiaiou eniieueciaaiey a ea/anoaa
aee?aeoi?ia ooaoiuo ?aaioieeia (I)e eeoe, i?eaeaeaaiuo ni noi?iiu (II)
I
?aaioatho aanue ?aai/ee aeaiue a eiiiaiee, eiatho ooieoeeiiaeueiua
iaycaiiinoe a ?aieao eiiiaiee, yaeyynue aaeieieno?aoi?aie-eniieieoaeyie.
Aeineiiaeueii ciatho ana yoaiu i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna,
aeayoaeueiinoue eiiiaiee. Eae i?aaeei, aunieieaaeeoeoee?iaaiiua
niaoeeaeenou aiia?aoa oi?aaeaiey. Ioaa/atho ca ioeaieo aiciiaeiinoe
i?aeoe/aneie ?aaeecaoeee anao iinooiathueo a I?aaeaiea eaeae e
?aeiiaiaeaoeee. II
?aaioatho iaiieiue ?aai/ee aeaiue a eiiiaiee, i?enoonoaotho ia
canaaeaieyo I?aaeaiey, ii ia o/anoaotho a iia?aoeaiii oi?aaeaiee
aeayoaeueiinoueth eiiiaiee. A(eueoay noaiaiue iacaaeneiinoe; ia eo
?aoaiey ia iiaoo ieacaoue aeeyiea niia?aaeaiey ea?uea?u. Aiinyo a
I?aaeaiea naaaeea eaeae e i?aaeeiaeaiey, ?anoe?yy oai naiui aai
oai?/aneee ai?eciio. Iaania/eaatho aeaeiaia iauaiea, iiaeaea?aeeaatho
naycue n ae?oaeie eiiiaieyie (iinoaaueeaie, aaieaie, ca?oaaaeiuie
?uieaie nauoa). Ianeieueei ioaeaeaiu io i?aeoe/aneie noi?iiu i?eieiaaiuo
?aoaiee, iiaoo auoue ia iniaaiii caeioa?aniaaiu a i?aeoe/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe eiiiaiee.
Aee?aeoi?-?anii?yaeeoaeue yaeyaony aunoae eniieieoaeueiie aeanoueth a
eiiiaiee, ea?aao iniiaioth ?ieue a oi?aaeaiee aa oaeouae
aeayoaeueiinoueth. A nayce n yoei ii auiieiyao neaaeothuea iaycaiiinoe:
i?aaenaaeaoaeuenoaoao ia canaaeaieyo I?aaeaiey, anee ii yaeyaony oaeaea
i?aaenaaeaoaeai;
neaaeeo, oi?aaeyao e eii?aeeie?oao oaeouoth aeayoaeueiinoue
i?aaei?eyoey;
ee/ii i?eieiaao ?aoaiey ii n?i/iui, ia oa?iyuei ioeaaaoaeuenoaa
aii?inai;
caieiaaony aeaoaeueiuie aii?inaie oeiainiaiai ieaie?iaaiey, aiineo
niioaaonoaothuea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee a I?aaeaiea;
ee/ii anooiaao a ioiioaiey n iniiaiuie eiio?aaaioaie – iieoiaoaeyie e
iinoaaueeaie, /anoi ee/ii aaaeao ia?aaiai?u n ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie
i?ionithcia;
inouanoaeyao e eiio?iee?oao i?aeoe/aneia aiieiuaiea a aeeciue
?ac?aaioaiiie I?aaeaieai iieeoeee;
iacia/aao e i?aaenoaaeyao e iacia/aieth ia?aae I?aaeaieai aunoeo
aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe;
iiaeaea?aeeaaao aunieia ii?aeueiia ninoiyiea neoaeaueo eiiiaiee,
niaeaenoaoao onoaiiaeaieth oi?ioae ?aiooaoeee eiiiaiee, onoie/eaie
eeeaioo?u, aa aeaeiauo naycae.
Nae?aoa?ue eiiiaiee ?aniieaaaao ii?aaeaeaiiuie iieiiii/eyie a
niioaaonoaee n caeiiii, ii eiiaaea aai e?oa iaycaiiinoae ianeieueei
oe?a. Nae?aoa?ue eiiiaiee ia yaeyaony aee?aeoi?ii. Ii auiieiyao ooieoeee
nae?aoa?y ia?aae I?aaeaieai e a nayce n yoei yaeyaony aeieaeiinoiui
eeoeii Niaaoa aee?aeoi?ia.
A aai iniiaiua iaycaiiinoe aoiaeyo: iaania/aiea auiieiaiey eiiiaieae
i?aaeoniio?aiiuo caeiiii e aa onoaaii o?aaiaaiee; aaaeaiea io/aoiuo
aeieoiaioia (iai?eia?, ?aaeno?a o/anoieeia eiiiaiee); iiaeaioiaea
ia?eiaee/aneeo io/aoia (oaeeo, eae aaeaaiaeiua athaeaeaoiua io/aou) e
niaoeeaeueiuo io/aoia (ia eciaiaiee a ninoaaa Niaaoa aee?aeoi?ia);
iaania/aiea niaethaeaiey iaii?aiaeoia, onoaaa eiiiaiee; iiaeaioiaea
canaaeaiee e nia?aiee (Niaaoa aee?aeoi?ia, aeoeeiia?ia), a oii /enea
ninoaaeaiea iiaanoee aeiy, aaaeaiea i?ioieieia.
A ?yaea neo/aaa nae?aoa?th eiiiaiee aeaeaae?oaony ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca
iauaa oi?aaeaiea aeaeaie eiiiaiee.
Iiaaaeaiea eiaeeaeaeooia, a?oiiu e i?aaiecaoeee
Oi?aaeaiea /aeiaa/aneeie ?ano?naie – aaaeiue aniaeo aeciana. Oae /oi
ieaea aoaeoo ?anniio?aiu /aeiaa/aneea ?ano?nu n oi/ee c?aiey iiaaaeaiey
ethaeae.
Eco/aiea /aeiaaea ia ?aaioa yaeyaony iaycaiiinoueth ineoieiaee
i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Iia naycaia n auai?ii iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyuae /aeiaaeo
?aaiou, /oi aeinoeaaaony aeaoiy iooyie.
Iiaeai? /aeiaaea aeey ?aaiou i?aaeiieaaaao oaeea iiiaiou: neeiiiinoe
(iao/iia ii?aaeaeaiea neeiiiinoe /aeiaaea e eiie?aoiie ?aaioa, io
eioi?ie ii iieo/aao iaeneioi oaeiaeaoai?aiey); ia?niiaeueiue ioai?
(eniieueciaaiea oaeeo n?aaenoa, eae aieaou, niaanaaeiaaiey, oanou aeey
ii?aaeaeaiey eo/oaai ec iiiaeo eaiaeeaeaoia); iao/aiea.
Iiaeai? ?aaiou aeey /aeiaaea. Nthaea aoiaeyo, ai-ia?auo, eiino?oe?iaaiea
e ?aniieiaeaiea iai?oaeiaaiey (iai?oaeiaaiea aeieaeii auoue
neiino?oe?iaaii e ?aciauaii oaeei ia?acii, /oiau niioaaonoaiaaoue
aiciiaeiinoyi n?aaeiaai ?aai/aai); ai-aoi?uo, oece/aneea oneiaey ?aaiou
(oaaee/aiea yooaeoeaiinoe auiieiaiey ?aaiou, inaauaiea, ioiieaiea,
aaioeeyoeey, nieaeaiea o?iaiy ooia e o. ae.); a-o?aoueeo,
ineoieiae/aneea oneiaey ?aaiou (ian/anoiua neo/ae, i?iaoeu, ia?aeo?u,
nenoaiu ca?ieaou e i?aiee, oeiu eiio?iey e o. ae.).
Yoe noa?u, eiia/ii, ia anaaaea ioiinyony oieueei e ineoieiaee. Ineoieia
aeieaeai ?aaioaoue aianoa n ae?oaeie niaoeeaeenoaie a yeiiiieea,
oaoieea, iaaeeoeeia, eiino?oe?iaaiee, y?aiiiieea. Iaeiaei ineoieia
iiaeao iiii/ue a ?aoaiee oaeeo aii?inia, eae oaaee/aiea
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe ca n/ao oaaee/aiey yooaeoeaiinoe ethaeae. Yoi ia
icia/aao eeoue ?ac?aaioeo iaoiaeia, iiaoaeaeathueo ethaeae ?aaioaoue
ona?aeiaa. Oaaee/aiea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe iiaeii aeinoe/ue ca n/ao
oeo/oaiey ioai?a e/eee iao/aiey e o. i., iiauoaiey oaeiaeaoai?aiey io
?aaiou, oeo/oaiey ioiioaiee iaaeaeo ethaeueie a oiaea ?aaiou. *ai eo/oa
ioiioaiey, oai auoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue e oaeiaeaoai?aiea io ?aaiou.
Ia ?aaioo /aeiaaea aieueoia aeeyiea ieacuaaao ioiioaiea e aai ?aaioa
eieeaa, ?oeiaiaenoaa e iiae/eiaiiuo.
Ioiioaiea anoue i?aae?aniieiaeaiea e oi?ie?iaaieth ii?aaeaeaiiiai
iiaiey. Ioiioaiea i?eaeaao cia/aiea oaeoai, oneeeaay oa ec ieo, eioi?ua
niioaaonoaotho ioiioaieth, e iaiai?io.
Ioiioaiea eiaao aaaeiia cia/aiea aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa. Ioiioaiea ?aai/eo e
naiae ?aaioa, oe?ia eee ?oeiaiaenoao iiaeao aeeyoue ia eo
acaeiiioiioaiey n ?oeiaiaenoaii.
Ioiioaiea ?aai/eo iiaeao iiiaia i?iynieoue a eo iiaaaeaiee a
ii?aaeaeaiiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao. E i?eia?o, ?oeiaiaenoai oe?iu iiaeao
i?aaeeiaeeoue ?aai/ei eaeie-eeai iiaue i?iaeo. Iaeiaei ii iiaeao auoue
ano?a/ai aac yiooceacia. ?aai/ea iiaoo iiaeic?aaaoue, /oi ?oeiaiaenoai
eiaao eaeea-oi ne?uoua iioeau, iineieueeo iie ia aeiaa?ytho
?oeiaiaenoao. Aiaeiae/ii iiiaea iaiaaeaea?u n iianeie ?anniao?eaatho
i?aaeeiaeaiey ?aai/eo, oae eae n/eoatho eo eaieauie.
Ioe?uoinoue iaaeo noi?ii iiaeao eciaieoue neooaoeeth, e oiaaea e
?oeiaiaenoai, e ?aai/ea aeieaeiu aeaeaoue ana aeey aeinoeaeaiey
nio?oaeie/anoaa.
Aiaeec ioiioaiee. Iiiaea oe?iu iuoathony i?iaiaeeoue enneaaeiaaiea
n?aaee ?aai/eo ia i?aaeiao auyniaiey eo ioiioaiey.
Yoi aaaeiue eino?oiaio ?oeiaiaenoaa, iineieueeo aac ciaiey oiai, /oi
eiie?aoii iioeae?oao ?aai/eo, eae iie ioiinyony e ?aaioa, ?oeiaiaenoao
oe?iu, oneiaeyi ?aaiou e ca?ieaoa, iaiaaeaea?u ia niiaoo ii?aaeaeyoue
iieeoeeo oe?iu. Oaeia ciaiea aaaeii e aeey iiieiaiey naieo ?aai/eo.
Iaeiie ec iniiaiuo i?e/ei i?iiuoeaiiuo eiioeeeoia yaeyaony iaaeinoaoie
iiieiaiey iaaeaeo iaiaaeaea?aie e ?aai/eie. Yoi i?ienoiaeeo ec-ca oiai,
/oi iaa noi?iiu ia ciatho ia ioiioaiee ae?oa e ae?oao. Ciaiea yoeo
ioiioaiee e i?eaiaeeo e iiieiaieth.
Eaaeaeue /aeiaae ea?aao ii?aaeaeaiioth ?ieue eae ia ?aaioa, oae e a
/anoiie aeecie. ?ieue ii?aaeaeyaony naieie iacaaieai, iiceoeeae e
iaeeaeaieyie ae?oaeo ethaeae. Ia i?ioyaeaiee aeecie iu ea?aai ?iee
iooea, iaoa?e, ioaea, aeaiu, ?aaaiea, nooaeaioa, iiae/eiaiiiai,
ia/aeueieea. A aeciana – ?iee ?aai/eo, eea?eia, i?iaeaaoeia,
i?iaiicenoia, iaiaaeaea?ia, aee?aeoi?ia. Eaaeaeay ec yoeo ?ieae ninoieo
ec caaea/, eioi?ua aeieaeai ?aoaoue «aeoa?», e ec iiaaaeaiey a yoie
?iee, eioi?ia iaeeaeatho ethaee, n eioi?uie «aeoa?» aoiaeeo a eiioaeo.
?ieue anoue iniiaiia i?aaiecaoeeiiiia iiiyoea. ?ieue iienuaaao
ii?aaeaeaiioth ?aaioo. A i?inouo iaioeoeeaeueiuo neooaoeeyo ethaee naie
?ani?aaeaeytho naaa ?iee. A aieaa neiaeiuo ioeoeeaeueiuo neooaoeeyo
?ieue noaiiaeony i?aaeeaaaaiie ?aaioie, ooieoeee e ia?aie/aiey eioi?ie
iiaoo auoue oeene?iaaiu a ienueiaiiii aeaea. A yoii neo/aa ?ieue
noaiiaeony «ioeoeeaeueiui iaeeaeaaiui iiaaaeaieai».
Iiaaaeaiea a ?iee ii?aaeaeyaony iaeeaeaieyie iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai
ia/aeueieea, a aeaeueiaeoai – ioeoeeaeueiuie i?aaiecaoeeiiiuie i?aaeeaie
e iaoi?iaeueiuie acaeiiioiioaieyie, a caoai e ethaeueie aia
i?aaiecaoeee. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue a aieueoai o/anoee ii?aaeaeyao oaaee/aiea
?iee iaieiaoaeae ?aai/ae neeu, a oaeaea aieueoae nioeeaeueiie
ioaaonoaaiiinoe, a oii /enea o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee, auiieiythueo
niioaaonoaothuea ooieoeee. A yoii neo/aa ?ieue ii?aaeaeyaony
niaieoiiinoueth iaeeaeaaiuo iiaaaeaiee ni noi?iiu ?oeiaiaenoaa,
iiae/eiaiiuo, ioeoeeaeueiuo ?aai/eo i?aaenoaaeoaeae (iai?eia?, ec
i?ionithca), eieeaa.
Aeiiieieoaeueii ?ieue ii?aaeaeyaony ea?a?oeae i?aaiecaoeee, nenoaiaie
eiio?iey a i?aaiecaoeee, iieaoie o?oaea, noaoonii. Neaaeoao i?eieiaoue
ai aieiaiea e aiaoiea aicaeaenoaey ia ?ieue iauanoaa e aai eoeueoo?u
eaoaioiuo ?ieae naiiai /aeiaaea, oi anoue iaeeaeaiee /aeiaaea a
ioiioaiee ae?ocae, ?iaeeoaeae, aeaiu, aeaoae.
Ia i?aeoeea /anoi i?ienoiaeeo ia?ae/iia iaeeaeaiea oeaio?aeueiie ?iee.
Iai?eia?, anee ainn aiai?eo, /oi oioae au, /oiau ?aaioa auea auiieiaia
eaeei-eeai ii?aaeaeaiiui niiniaii, oi iaoiaeeony oio ec iiae/eiaiiuo,
eoi i?aaeii/eoaao aeaeaoue ii-ae?oaiio. Oaeei ia?acii aicieeaao ea?a?oey
caaea/ aioo?e niaieoiiinoe ?ieae, eioi?ay iaiyaony a caaeneiinoe io
neooaoeee. Caeanue iiaoo aicieeaoue ?acee/iua i?iaeaiu.
Yoi, ai-ia?auo, ?ieaaie eiioeeeo, i?e eioi?ii o?aaiaaiey ia ?acee/iua
yeaiaiou niaieoiiinoe ianiaianoeiu. Ai-aoi?uo, ?ieaaay ia?aa?ocea –
eiaaea neeoeii iiiai o?aaiaaiee eiatho
i?ei?eoao. Iau/ii iia aicieeaao, eiaaea eiaao ianoi ecauoie ia/aeueieeia
eee ecauoie iiae/eiaiiuo. A-o?aoueeo, ?ieaaay iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue –
eiaaea /aeiaae ia ciaao, /oi io iaai iaeeaeatho. Iiaeao aicieeiooue
ec-ca ianiiniaiinoe iaeoe a ea?a?oee eeoei, ioaeathuaa i?eeacu, eee io
?ieaaie ia?aa?ocee. A-/aoaa?ouo, ?ieaaie no?ann, /oi ia iaycaoaeueii
ieioi. Iaeioi?ua yeaiaiou no?anna iiaoo i?eaanoe e oi?ioaio eniieiaieth.
Yoe i?iaeaiu ia anaaaea eneeth/atho ae?oa ae?oaa e iiaoo ninouanoaiaaoue
aianoa.
Anee ?ieue ia niioaaonoaoao iio?aaiinoyi e niiniaiinoyi /aeiaaea,
aiciiaeii aicieeiiaaiea eiioeeeoia, eioi?ua iiaoo i?eieiaoue oi?io:
io?eoeaiey ioeoeeaeueiie ?iee; ai?ueau ca eciaiaiea ?iee; ioeaca
i?eciaoue iaeioi?ua iaycaiiinoe ?iee eee i?aaeiaia?aiiiai ianiaethaeaiey
eino?oeoeee; oaieueiaiey (ionoaaee) ; eniieueciaaiey iaacee/aiiinoe e
oi?iaeueiinoe (iai?eia?, iaaeaioe/iia niaethaeaiea i?aaee, ioeac
auiieiyoue onoiua ?anii?yaeaiey e o. i.); ioeeaaeuaaiey, oi anoue
ion?i/ee a ?anniio?aiee i?iaeai a iaaeaaeaea, /oi «iie naie niaie
?ac?aoaony»; oaeeeaaiey – iaiaia a auiieiaiee caaea/ a iaaeaaeaea, /oi i
ieo caaoaeoo eee ia iaia?oaeao; iienea eicea ioiouaiey, /oiau naaeeoue
ana ia iaai.
Iiiaea i?aaiecaoeeiiiua i?iaeaiu aicieeatho ec-ca ianiaianoeiinoe
ethaeae e eo ?ieae. Aeey iaeiiai /aeiaaea i?iaeaiu yoe iiaoo auoue
i/aiue na?ueaciuie.
I?eaieaiuie aa?eaioaie yaeythony:
i?eiyoea ?iee;
eciaiaiea ?iee;
iao/aiea /aeiaaea.
I?eiyoea ?iee ia anaaaea i?eaiaeeo e ioia/aiiui auoa i?iaeaiai. Ethaeyi
noieo oeacaoue a yoii neo/aa ia onoaiiaeaiea ia?niiaeueiuo oeaeae,
?acaeoea ai?aeinoe ca naie iaauee, aaeaine?iaaiea n aeaeaie/aneeie
oaeoi?aie, aiciiaeiinoue eiioeaio?aoeee ia nioeeaeueiuo aniaeoao ?aaiou
eee iienea aeueoa?iaoeaiiai oaeiaeaoai?aiey aia ?aaiou.
Eciaiaiea ?iee caaeneo io iiiaeo ia?aiaiiuo. Iaeiie ec i?iaeai ianniaiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, e i?eia?o, yaeyaony ia?aie/aiiay aiciiaeiinoue aeey
eciaiaiey ?ieae iooai iaiaauaiey ?aaiou. *ai aieueoa niaoeeoe/aneea
caaea/e auiieiythony, oai iaiueoa aiciiaeiinoae aeey eciaiaiey ?iee.
Iao/aiea /aeiaaea aeeth/aao eciaiaiey a oeaea oeaiiinoae e ioiioaiee, a
oaeaea a iaaueao e niiniaiinoyo.
Noaoon iiaee?aieyao i?aaiecaoeeiiioth ?ieue, oae eae ii iaicia/aao
o?iaaiue eee ioiineoaeueioth aaaeiinoue. Aieaa oe?ieia ii?aaeaeaiea
noaoona – «noaiaiue ecaanoiinoe, i?anoeaea iaeaaeaoaey iinoa a
nioeeaeueiie nenoaia». Nenoaia noaoona iiaeaea?aeeaaao nenoaio aeanoe e
yaeyaony aaaeiui eiiiiiaioii ea?a?oe/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee. Noaoon aioo?e
i?aaiecaoeee io?aaeaao noaoonioth nenoaio aioo?e iauanoaa. Noaoon auaaao
aea?iaaiiui (oeooe, iino) eee i?eia?aoaiiui (iiaaaeaiea, noeeue aeecie).
Noaoon onoaiaaeeaaao neaaeothuea oaeoi?u:
aeanoue (a niioaaonoaee n aeieaeiinoueth eee iinoii a ea?a?oee);
ciaiey e ia?aciaaiea (niaeanii oai?ee ath?ie?aoee, ciaiea aa?aioe?oao
aunoea iinou);
?acee/ey (aunieay ca?aaioiay ieaoa annioeee?oaony n aieaa aunieei
?aiaii. Iiiaea eiioeeeou ia i?iecaiaenoaa aicieeatho ec-ca i?iaeai n
ca?ieaoie, o. a. aeaiueae – neiaie noaoona);
eneeth/eoaeueiinoue (i?aaiecaoeeiiiay ea?a?oey ia?acoao ie?aieaeo, a
eioi?ie ia aa?oeia oieueei iaeia aeieaeiinoue – i?aaenaaeaoaeue);
nenoaia iiiu?aiey e neiaieu (iiieii ca?aaioiie ieaou eiathony e ae?oaea
yeaiaiou nenoaiu iiiu?aiey, iai?eia?, ianoa ia?eiaee aaoiiiaeey, eiiiaou
aeey i?eaia ieue e o. ae.);
«/enoua» e «a?yciua» ?aaiou («aaeua ai?ioie/ee» iau/ii eiatho aieaa
aunieee noaoon, /ai «neiea ai?ioie/ee», aeaaea anee iie iaiueoa
iieo/atho);
oneiaey iaeia (nouanoaotho ?acee/iua oneiaey iaeia a ?aieao aeaaea
-iaeiie no?aiu. Ethaeyi ieaoyo ca /an, iaaeaeth, ianyoe. ?acee/athony
.e’ iaineiiiua noaiu, /anu ?aaiou e o. ae. Yoe ?acee/ey yaeythony
aii?inaie noaoona);
?aciauaiea (oaeoe/aneia aicaeaenoaea ia noaoon ?aaioathuaai. Eiiiaiee
/anoi ?aciauatho naie ooaa-eaa?oe?u a «noaooniuo» ianoao);
annioeeaoeey (aeaiiue noaoon iiaeao annioeee?iaaoueny n aieaa aunieei
noaoonii). Iai?eia?, nae?aoa?ue aee?aeoi?a eiaao aieaa aunieee
annioeee?iaaiiue noaoon, /ai ae?oaea nae?aoa?e;
naiioi?aaeaiea. Noaoon iiaeao ii?aaeaeyoueny e noaiaiueth naiioi?aaeaiey
e naiieiio?iey.
Noaoon caaeneo e io oaeoi?ia, naienoaaiiuo ethaeyi eae eiaeeaeaeooiai:
io i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe e oiio eee eiiio eeanno, iaayiey e aic?anoa, ee/iuo
ea/anoa (?ino, aiaoiinoue e o. ae.).
Noaoon iiaeao auoue «iaiineaaeiaaoaeueiui», eiaaea ioaeaeueiua oaeoi?u
ia ei??aee?othony n ae?oaeie, iai?eia? aic?ano e aeanoue.
Noaoon iiaeao auoue aeaienoaaiiui, eiaaea /aeiaae ia oaa?ai a naiai
noaoona.
Noaoon aaaeai aeey eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea, iineieueeo oanii naycai n
naiioaaaeaieai. I?iecaiaenoaaiiua eiioeeeou aicieeatho, eiaaea
ionoonoaoao oaaaeaiea e ae?oaiio /aeiaaeo.
Aaaeii ciaoue ia oieueei nouanoaaiiua aniaeou noaoona, ii e
ianouanoaaiiua, a iioaioeeaea niiniaiua aucaaoue aiciouaiea. Oe?iu n
yiiineei noeeai oi?aaeaiey aeinoeaee nouanoaaiiiai oeo/oaiey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ioiioaiee ca n/ao ono?aiaiey ioaeaeueiuo eiiiao i?eaia
ieue aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa, aaaaeaiey aaeeiiai aeey anao a?aiaie ia/aea
?aai/aai aeiy.
?anniio?aa iaeioi?ua noi?iiu, n eioi?uie noaeeeaaaony ioaeaeueiue
/aeiaae ai a?aiy ?aaiou (o. a. iiaeai? ioaeiiai aeiy ?aaiou /aeiaaea,
?ieaaua i?iaeaiu, noaoon), iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue. /oi ii/oe ana aeaeu
aeciana inouanoaeythony a?oiiaie ethaeae. Aieueoeinoai i?iaeai, n
eioi?uie noaeeeaaaony ioaeaeueiue /aeiaae, aicieeaao ec-ca aai ioiioaiee
n ae?oaeie ethaeueie.
Aieaa aeaoo ouny/ eao iacaae A?enoioaeue iacaae /aeiaaea «nioeeaeueiui
aeeaioiui» e oai naiui au?acee neeiiiinoue ethaeae i?aaieciauaaoue naay
a nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu. Iu ana, ca iaaieueoei eneeth/aieai,–
«nioeeaeueiua aeeaioiua». Iu ?iaeaeaainy a nioeeaeueiie a?oiia – naiuea
– e a oa/aiea anae aeecie yaeyainy /eaiaie ?acee/iuo nioeeaeueiuo a?oii.
Iu ieeiaaea ia auaaai eciee?iaaiu.
Oaeei ia?acii, nioeeaeueiay a?oiia yaeyaony aaaeiui aniaeoii
/aeiaa/aneiai iiaaaeaiey, e aa cia/aiea iaaeinoaoi/ii iiae/a?eiooi. *oi
oaeia a?oiia?
Niaeanii nouanoaothuaio ii?aaeaeaieth, nioeeaeueiay a?oiia ninoieo ec
ethaeae, /uee ioiioaiey iniiaaiu ia niaieoiiinoe acaeiiaeeythueo ?ieae e
noaoonia. Iie acaeiiaeaenoaotho ae?oa n ae?oaii ii aieaa eee iaiaa
noaiaea?oece?iaaiiui ii?iai, ii?aaeaeyaiui i?eieiaaiuie eie oeaiiinoyie.
Iie aea?aeaony aianoa ec /oanoaa iauiinoe e noiaeanoe eioa?ania, eioi?ua
iicaieytho ei auaeaeyoue /eaiia e ia /eaiia a?oiiu.
Nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu iau/ii ii?aaeaeythony o?aiy oa?aeoa?enoeeaie:
noaiaea?oece?iaaiiay eeiey iiaaaeaiey; ?acaeaeaiiua eee noiaeea
oeaiiinoe, aa?a; niiniaiinoue ?acee/aoue /eaiia e ia /eaiia a?oiiu.
Naiuey aeaiiino?e?oao ana oa?aeoa?enoeee nioeeaeueiie a?oiiu. Ae?oaea
a?oiiu ( oe?ia, eeoa, iauanoai) iiaoo ii-?aciiio aeeth/aoue iacaaiiua
oa?aeoa?enoeee.
Eeiee iiaaaeaiey. Acaeiiaeaenoaea iaaeaeo /eaiaie a?oiiu, eo ?iee e
noaoon iiaoo auoue nicaeaiu oi?iaeueii. Oae, aee?aeoi? oe?iu eee
i?aaenaaeaoaeue iauanoaa eiatho oi?iaeueii nicaeaiioth ?ieue, e
no?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee ii?aaeaeyao ?ieue e noaoon /eaia a?oiiu a
caaeneiinoe io caieiaaiiai ei iinoa.
?acaeaeaiiay aa?a. Aeey eeoaa eee iauanoaa anoanoaaiii, /oi eo /eaiu
aoaeoo ?acaeaeyoue iaeie e oa aea acaeyaeu – iau/ii yoe a?oiiu aeey oiai
e oi?ie?othony. Aeey oe?iu yoa aa?a aoaeao i?iyaeyoueny oieueei a
oaeiaeaoai?aiee yeiiiie/aneeo oeaeae aa /eaiia.
Niiniaiinoue ?acee/aoue /eaiia e ia /eaiia. Aiciiaeiu naiua ?aciua
e?eoa?ee ?acee/aiey (iiieii oao, eiaaea /eaiu ciaeiiu ae?oa n ae?oaii),
iai?eia? iaia?a iaeaaaoueny, aiai?eoue e o. ae.
Nouanoaoao iiiaeanoai ?aciiia?aciuo aeaeia a?oii, ii ana iie
?acee/athony ii /aou?ai i?eciaeai. Yoi neaaeothuea a?oiiu:
ia?ae/iay a?oiia (/anoua iaiin?aaenoaaiiua ee/iua eiioaeou) – naiuey,
a?eaaaea;
aoi?e/iay a?oiia (iaiaa /anoua eiioaeou, aieueoa /eneaiiinoue) –
eiiiaiey, eeoa, i?ionithc;
/eaineay a?oiia (a?oiia, e eioi?ie i?eiaaeeaaeeo /eai);
yoaeiiiay a?oiia (a?oiia, n eioi?ie /aeiaae n?aaieaaao naay, aiaeece?oy
naie noaoon).
A 1924–1932 aiaeao Yeoii Iaei (1880–1944 aa.), iniiaaoaeue oeieu
«/aeiaa/aneeo ioiioaiee» a oai?ee iaiaaeaeiaioa, e aai eieeaae i?iaaee
iiae?iaiia enneaaeiaaiea iiaaaeaiey ?aai/eo ia caaiaea Aioi?ia (aeec
*eeaai), i?eiaaeeaaeauai Caiaaeiie yeaeo?ieiiiaiee. Iauai i?iecaiaenoaa
ia caaiaea aue ieceei, e Y. Iaei iii?ineee auynieoue i?e/eiu yoiai.
Yenia?eiaiou eiioeaio?e?iaaeenue ia oece/aneeo aniaeoao ?aaiou
(iai?eia?, inaauaiea), ii auei auyaeaii, /oi oeo/oaiea inaauaiey ia
niinianoaoao oaaee/aieth auionea, a a iaeioi?uo neo/ayo ?ino
i?iecaiaenoaa i?ienoiaeee i?e nieaeaiee inaauaiiinoe. Y. Iaei i?eoae e
auaiaeo, /oi iiae?acaeaeaiey caaiaea neeoeii ?acee/iu, /oiau aeaaaoue
caeeth/aiey i ieo eae i aaeeiii oeaeii. Iio?aaiaaeenue aeaa aeeeoaeueiuo
iiuoa n ia?aie/aiiui /eneii ?aaioieeia.
Aia/aea auee ioia?aiu iyoue aeaiuei, eioi?ua ?aaioaee a 1927–1929 aiaeao
a ioaeaeueiie eiiiaoa. Oneiaey ?aaiou aa?uee?iaaeenue, e ioeaiea auionea
i?iaeoeoeee i?iecaiaeeeanue iinea eciaiaiey oneiaee. Auei iaia?oaeaii,
/oi auione ?anoao, aeaaea anee oneiaey oooaeoathony. Iniiaiua i?e/eiu
yoiai a oii, /oi ?aaioieoeu /oanoaiaaee naay iauaaeeiaiiuie iaeiie
oeaeueth e /oi ?oeiaiaenoai i?iyaeyei eioa?an e eo ?aaioa. Ionthaea
naeaeaee auaiae, /oi a?oiiiaay ii?aeue e /oanoai o/anoey iiaoo
i?aiaeieaoue ieioea ?aai/ea oneiaey.
Caoai oi aea naiia naeaeaee e n ioae/eiaie. Auee 12 iia?aoi?ia e 2
einiaeoi?a. Ia?eiae ianeaaeiaaiey – iieaiaea (iiya?ue 1931 a.– iae 1932
a.). A oiaea yoiai yenia?eiaioa auei naeaeaii caeeth/aiea, /oi ioae/eiu,
?aaioaaoea a a?oiia, ?anniao?eaaee ethaiai, eoi ia iiae/eiyeny a?oiia,
eae aoonaeaea?a e inoaeaeaee aai.
Aioi?ineee yenia?eiaio iieacae, /oi iiaaaeaiea a?oiiu iiaeao a aieueoie
noaiaie ia caaenaoue io ?aai/eo oneiaee eee noaiu iieaou o?oaea.
Aioi?ineea yenia?eiaiou, eae e ae?oaea iaaethaeaiey, aeaiiino?e?otho
oanioth naycue iaaeaeo ii?aeueth e eniieiaieai.
Ii?aeue auniea, eiaaea /aeiaae /oanoaoao, /oi aai ee/iua iio?aaiinoe e
oeaee oaeiaeaoai?ythony ie?oaeaieai, a eioi?ii ii ?aaioaao. Ia ii?aeue
aeeytho oiaa?euaneea ioiioaiey n ethaeueie ni noiaeeie acaeyaeaie.
Aeinoeaeaiea aunieie ii?aee. Aeey yoiai nouanoaoao iiiaeanoai iooae:
aeoeaiia o/anoea a ?aaeecaoeee iauae oeaee aeieaeii iiiu?youeny;
/eaiu a?oiiu aeieaeiu auoue ineoieiae/anee niaianoeiu ae?oa n ae?oaii;
eaaeaeie a?oiia iaiaoiaeeii aeaoue ethaoth aiciiaeiinoue oaaaeeoueny,
/oi iia i?ia?anne?oao;
?aaioa aeieaeia auoue ii?iaio ?ani?aaeaeaia iaaeaeo /eaiaie a?oiiu;
aeieaeia eoeueoeae?iaaoueny aoiinoa?a naiaiaeu e oa?ieiinoe aioo?e
a?oiiu, i?aaeea e iaeacaiey aeieaeiu auoue naaaeaiu e ieieioio.
*a?ou aunieie ii?aee. Aunieay ii?aeue aioo?e a?oiiu au?aaeaaony a
neaaeothuai:
/oanoai iauae oeaee, ?acaeaeaiiia /eaiaie a?oiiu;
aa?a, /oi caaea/a, iinoaaeaiiay ia?aae a?oiiie, ?aaeueia e oeaeue
aeinoeaeeia;
i?ioeaiaeaenoaea aicieeiiaaieth ?aciiaeanee n?aaee /eaiia a?oiiu;
nio?oaeie/anoai e /oanoai iauiinoe.
Ioeaiea ii?aee. Eiee/anoaaiiia ecia?aiea ii?aee iiaeao e ionoonoaiaaoue.
Iaiaoiaeeii iiaoaeeoue ?aaioieeia aeaoue iienaiea naieo yiioeee e
/oanoa. Ia nouanoaoao iooae ioeaiee ei??aeyoeee iaaeaeo
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoueth e ii?aeueth, /oi e cao?oaeiyao ecia?aiea ii?aee.
Iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi ii?aeue yaeyaony yeaiaioii,
ioaaouaathuei anth oe?io. No?oeoo?a oe?iu, aa i?aaiecaoeey, aa
oi?aaeaiea, i?e?iaea eiio?iey e ?oeiaiaenoaa, aaeieieno?aoeey – ana
aianoa aicaeaenoaoao ia o?iaaiue ii?aee.
Ana iaaniieiaiu ieioei ninoiyieai i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ioiioaiee. Ii/oe ana
iuoathony naanoe aiaaeeii aeaa noi?iiu i?iiuoeaiiinoe: ?aai/eo e
iaiaaeaea?ia, eee «ian» e «eo».
Eiioeaioeey ?aai/aai o/anoey, eee noaia ?aai/aai oi?aaeaiey, anoue
iiiuoea ?aoaiey yoie aeeeaiiu.
«O/anoea» anoue i?aai eeoea a ecaanoiie ia?a o/anoaiaaoue a i?ioeannao
i?eiyoey ?aoaiee a ?aieao i?aaiecaoeee, aaea ?aaioaao yoi eeoei. Yoi
niinianoaoao oaeiaeaoai?aieth anoanoaaiiiai aeaeaiey /aeiaaea
eiio?iee?iaaoue nianoaaiioth ?aai/oth aeeciue.
Ethaay oaea/iay noaia ?aai/aai o/anoey iiaeao niaeaenoaiaaoue
aeinoeaeaieth yoie oeaee e oai naiui eciaieoue ieiooth
i?iecaiaenoaaiioth neooaoeeth. Iaiaauaiea ?aai/eo iano, eo oe?oiiaiea,
eciaiaiea no?oeoo?u ioaaonoaaiiinoe aeieaeiu ieacaoue iieiaeeoaeueiia
aicaeaenoaea ia ii?aeue e yooaeoeaiinoue ?aai/ae neeu.
Eiioeaioeey ?aai/aai o/anoey iai?aaeaia ia ia/oi aieueoaa, /ai
aeinoeaeaiea eaeiai-eeai o?iaiy o/anoey ?aai/eo a ?acee/iuo i?aaiao. Iia
i?aaeoniao?eaaao aieaa oaniia o/anoea ia aieueoeinoaa ae?oaeo o?iaiae.
I?eia?ii yoiai yaeyaony o/anoea ?aai/eo a onoaiiaeaiee noaiaea?oia,
eiio?iea ea/anoaa, aeaiie?aoecaoeee a a?oiia (aeeth/ay a?oiiiaia
ii?aaeaeaiea ?ieae e ?ani?aaeaeaiea aiciaa?aaeaeaiey iaaeaeo a?oiiaie) e
o. ae. Iineaaeiea aiaeu iieacaee, /oi yoe noaiu aaaeoo /anoi e e iauaio
oeo/oaieth i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ioiioaiee. Oaeia oeo/oaiea iiaeao auoue
eiee/anoaaiii ioeaiaii (nie?auaiea iai?ioa ?aai/ae neeu, /enea i?iaoeia,
eo/oaa ea/anoai, nie?auaiea a?aea e o. ae.).
Aeaenoaeoaeueiia ?aai/aa o/anoea aiciiaeii oieueei a oii neo/aa, anee
?aai/ea aeaenoaeoaeueii aiaea/aiu a aeaea eiiiaiee, aa oeaee, iieeoeeo e
eniieiaiea, a oaeia aiaea/aiea aiciiaeii, eeoue anee ?oeiaiaenoai
i?eieiaao ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca niiauaiea naiei ?aaioieeai oaeoia e oeeo?,
naeaeaoaeuenoaothueo i neooaoeee a eiiiaiee.
Eiioeaioeey ?aai/aai o/anoey ia aee?aeoi?neii o?iaia i?aaenoaaeyao
?aaeeeaeueiia eciaiaiea o?aaeeoeeiiiuo ioiioaiee iaaeaeo ?oeiaiaenoaii e
?aai/eie. Iaeiaei caeanue eiathony e iioaioeeaeueiua i?iaeaiu. E
i?eia?o, aicieeatho niiiaiey a niiniaiinoe ?aai/aai ia ?aaiuo
o/anoaiaaoue a canaaeaieyo aee?aeoi?ia ec-ca iaaeinoaoi/iiai ia?aciaaiey
e ionoonoaey aeaeiaie i?iieoeaoaeueiinoe. Anee i?ionithcu e iiaeaeatho
eni?aaeoue iieiaeaiea, oi oieueei ca n/ao ?ac?aaioee iaoe?iuo i?ia?aii
ia?aciaaiey, ii i?e yoii iie noieeioony n oeiainiauie o?oaeiinoyie.
Niiieoaeueii, /oi caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai iiaeao nicaeaoue oneiaey aeey
aeaenoaeoaeueiiai ?aai/aai o/anoey. O/anoea – eaoaai?ey niciaiey e ia
iiaeao ?aaoee?iaaoueny caeiiii, ii aeieaeii nicaeaaaoue acaeiiua auaiaeu
aeey iaaeo noi?ii. I?aaeoaeuenoai iiaeao eniieueciaaoue naia aeeyiea,
ecaeaoue caeiiu, i?aaeeiaeeoue eueaiou, ii iii ia iiaeao naeaeaoue
?aai/aa o/anoea oniaoiui aac iiaeaea?aeee iauaaoaeae.
Auoa aue naeaeai aeoeaio ia no?oeoo?a i?aaiecaoeee. Nae/an aea ?a/ue
iieaeao i eiioeaioeee eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo ?ieae e ?iee a?oiiu. Iiieiaiea
anao yoeo eiioeaioeee – no?oeoo?u, ?iee, a?oiiu — aaaeii aeey iiieiaiey
i?aaiecaoeee.
I?aaiecaoeey anoue iniiaiay noaia ?aniieiaeaiey ?ieae, a ?aieao eioi?ie
ethaee ?ani?aaeaeythony ii caaea/ai, niinianoaothuei aeinoeaeaieth
oeaeae oe?iu.
?ieue eiaao niaoeeoe/aneea caaea/e, ii?aaeaeaiioth noaiaiue aeanoe,
yniua ioiioaiey n ae?oaeie ?ieyie, iiceoeeth a ?ieaaie no?oeoo?a,
iiaaaeaiea, iaeeaeaaiia io auiieiythuaai ?ieue.
Oaeie aeae i?aaiecaoeee, iniiaaiiie ia ?acaeaeaiee o?oaea, iiaeao auoue
iaia?oaeai a ethauo i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaao.
I?aaiecaoeey – yoi aua e nioeeaeueiay nenoaia. Ethaee iauathony e
onoaiaaeeaatho ae?oaeaneea ioiioaiey n oai, n eai aianoa ?aaioatho e
?acaeaeytho eioa?anu. Iie oi?ie?otho eiyeueiinoue e naiae a?oiia e
eiatho naie aioo?aiiea a?oiie?iaee. N oiai iiiaioa, eae e?oiiaeoei
?acaeaeyaiui eioa?anii noaee ?aaioa e noiaeea caaea/e, a?oiia
i?aa?auaaony a nioeeaeueioth aaeeieoeo. Acaeiiaeaenoaea iaaeaeo /eaiaie
a?oiiu e naieie a?oiiaie iiaeao e ia niioaaonoaiaaoue ioeoeeaeueiui
eaiaeai eiiioieeaoeee.
I?aaiecaoeey, ii?aaeaeyaiay aa ?ieyie e caaea/aie, iieo/eea iacaaiea
ioeoeeaeueiie (eee oi?iaeueiie) i?aaiecaoeee, a ii?aaeaeyaiay
nioeeaeueiui acaeiiaeaenoaeai – iaoi?iaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee.
Oi?aaeaiea no?oeoo?ie i?aaiecaoeee a aa oaoie/aneeo e nioeeaeueiuo
aniaeoao yaeyaony caaea/ae aunoaai ?oeiaiaenoaa.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a caaeneo io iiiaeo ia?aiaiiuo. I?ioeann
i?aaiecaoeee yaeyaony eoa?aoeaiui, e ?oeiaiaenoai aeieaeii oaeaeyoue aio
iiiai aieiaiey, /oiau ecaaaeaoue e?oiiuo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo iaoaycie.
Aeaaiui ia?acii ia no?oeoo?o i?aaiecaoeee aicaeaenoaotho o?e oaeoi?a:
aeaeu aeciana, eioi?uie caieiaaony eiiiaiey; oeaiiinoe e i?ei?eoaou
aunoaai ?oeiaiaenoaa; ?acia? i?aaiecaoeee.
N eciaiaieai ethaiai ec yoeo oaeoi?ia iaiyaony e i?aaiecaoeeiiiay
no?oeoo?a, oae aea eae iia iaiyaony e i?e niaia i?iecaiaenoaaiiie eee
ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee, noeey oi?aaeaiey e o. ae.
Eiioeaioeey ath?ie?aoee auea ?ac?aaioaia a ia/aea aaea Iaenii Aaaa?ii
eae eaeaaeueiay oi?ia i?aaiecaoeee. Yoa oi?ia, aoaeue iia ?aaeueii
nicaeaia, i?eaaea au e iinoiyiiie no?oeoo?a iiae?acaeaeaiee, eioi?ua
auee au ?aoeeiiaeueii-eaaaeueiuie e iiaeiaiyee ethaeae a yoeo ?ieyo.
Oa?aeoa?enoeeaie yoie iiaeaee yaeythony:
?acaeaeaiea o?oaea (niaoeeaeecaoeey ii caaea/ai e aeayoaeueiinoe) iiaeao
“eiaoue aa?oeeaeueiua e ai?eciioaeueiua nayce;
ea?a?oey, niaianoeiay n eaeaae aa?oeeaeueiiai ?acaeaeaiey o?oaea, eee
aeanoiay no?oeoo?a, a eioi?ie aeanoue oneeeaaaony ii ia?a iiauoaiey
o?iaiy;
iaia?niiaeueiua ?iee (eiioeaioeey ?ieae, oanii naycaiiay n eaeaae
?acaeaeaiey o?oaea). ?ieue anoue ooieoeey, i?aaeienuaaaiay aeey
auiieiaiey. Ooieoeey ioaeaeyaony io eeoea, auiieiythuaai aa, iiyoiio e
iacuaaaony iaia?niiaeueiie;
i?aaeea. Ath?ie?aoey eiaao ienaiua e iaienaiua i?aaeea. Iaienaiua
i?aaeea ni a?aiaiai oeene?othony ia aoiaaa;
yenia?oeca. Niaoeeaeecaoeey o?aaoao yenia?oia aeey ioeaiee ?aaiou,
caieiathueo aieaa aunieia iieiaeaiea a ea?a?oee, eioi?ay caaeneo io
oaoie/aneie e/eee ia?aciaaoaeueiie eaaeeoeeaoeee.
Yoe oa?aeoa?enoeee nicaeatho yeeoa?iue iiaeoiae e i?aaiecaoeee, a
eioi?ie neea e aeanoue eiioeaio?e?othony iaaa?oo e ?ani?aaeaeythony a
niioaaonoaee n ea?a?oeae.
Ia i?aeoeea nia?aiaiiua oi?iu ath?ie?aoee oa?aeoa?ecothony oaeeie
iiiaioaie, eae:
oeaio?aeecaoeey;
?acia? (/ai e?oiiaa eiiiaiey, oai iia aieaa oeaio?aeeciaaia e
aaoi?eoaoia);
eiio?ieue (eneeth/eoaeueii no?iaee oeiainiaue eiio?ieue) ;
oaoiieiaey (/ai aei?iaea e ianooaaiaa nia?aiaiiay oaoiieiaey, oai
aieueoa iia oyaioaao e ath?ie?aoecio. Iiyoiio ianniaia i?iecaiaenoai a
iaeaieueoae noaiaie no?aieony e ath?ie?aoe/aneei /a?oai).
Ath?ie?aoey ec-ca naiae aeanoeie no?oeoo?u e oaoie/aneie niaoeeaeecaoeee
anoue iaoiae iao/iiai oi?aaeaiey. I?eioeeiu eeanne/aneie oai?ee
i?aaiecaoeee, oaeea eae «oaa eiio?iey» eee i?aaeiinueee Oaeiey i
«aaeeinoaa eiiaiae», iniiaaiu ia noiaeeo aeiiouaieyo. Aaaa? ioia/ae, /oi
ath?ie?aoey ?aoeeiiaeueia, iiea aa nenoaia ?ieae e iaia?niiaeueiinoue
eaaeoeie?otho ea?a?oe/aneoth aeanoue.
?acaeaeaiea o?oaea. Naa?oniaoeeaeecaoeey caaea/ eae ?aai/eo, oae e
eiioi?neeo neoaeaueo aaaeao e oiio, /oi ?aaioa noaiiaeony neo/iie e
ioaeiie, /anoi o?aaothuae iaiueoaai aieiaiey io ?aaioieea. A ?acoeueoaoa
iieo/aaony oi, /oi Aeth?eaaei iacaae aiiieae, a Ia?en – io/oaeaeaieai,
oi anoue eiaaea aioeiaoey ?aai/eo e eo iaycaiiinoyi i?eaiaeeo anee ia e
?aaiethoeee, oi oae iaaa?iyea e caaanoiaea eee ieioei i?iecaiaenoaaiiui
ioiioaieyi iethn e ieioiio ea/anoao i?iaeoeoeee.
Ea?a?oey. No?oeoo?a aeanoe noaiiaeony iaooieoeeiiaeueiie, anee oa?yao
aeaeinoue. Eaeay i oii, /oi ainn ciaao ana eo/oa anao, oae aea
iai?eaieaia, eae e oi/ea c?aiey, /oi aaue anaaaea neaaeoao aeaeaoue
eiaiii oae, a ia eia/a. Iiea i?aaiecaoeey niiaeao i?eniiniaeoueny e
eciaiaieyi ie?oaeathuae ianoaiiaee, aicieeiao ioaeaea a aeaeeo e aieaa
?aoeeiiaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo oi?iao.
Iaia?niiaeueiua ?iee. Ia i?aeoeea ?ieue ia iiaeao auoue iaia?niiaeueiie,
aacee/iie. Ethaee anaaaea i?eaiinyo a ooieoeeiiaeueioth ?ieue naie
ioiioaiey, oeaiiinoe, iio?aaiinoe, iaeeaeaiey e o. ae. Aa?iyoii, aieaa
aaaeii oi, /oi ?ieue ii?aaeaeyaony iaeeaeaieyie ae?oaeo ethaeae,
ia/aeuenoaa e iiae/eiaiiuo, yoi ieeiaaea ia iiaeao auoue
iaia?niiaeueiui. ?ieue oaeaea aeieaeia aaeaioe?iaaoueny e eciaiaieth
aiaoieo oneiaee.
I?aaeea anoue oi, /oi aieueoeinoai ethaeae iiieiaao eae
«ath?ie?aoe/aneea e?th/ee». Eaaeaeay i?ioeaaeo?a aeieaeia auoue
eiaeeoeoee?iaaia a niioaaonoaee n ii?aaeaeaiiui noaiaea?oii. *ai aieueoa
ieoaony i?aaee, oai /aua iie noaiiayony «eiioeii» naieo naay.
I?aiaeaaeatho oi?iaeeci e ?eooaeueiinoue. *ai aieueoa i?aaee iiyaeyaony
aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey no?oeoo?u ea?a?oe/aneie aeanoe, oai aieueoa
aiciiaeiinoae eiioeeeoa. Iaeiie ec oi?i i?ioanoa a i?iiuoeaiiinoe
yaeyaony «?aaioa no?iai ii i?aaeeai».
Yenia?oeca aeeth/aao i?iaeaiu ooaoa, aeiee?iaaiey ea?uea?u,
aeene?eieiaoeee ca n/ao ?aaeecaoeee oi?iaeueiuo «aoiaaeiuo»
eaaeeoeeaoeee.
Eiaaea ieceea e n?aaeiea o?iaie ea?a?oee ia/eiatho iniciaaaoue ?acaae
i?aaiecaoeee, iie iiaeieiatho aii?in i anae nenoaia e aa eaaeoeiiinoe,
/oi aaaeao e i?iaeaiai aeanoe.
Iiea ath?ie?aoey i?enoua a iniiaiii e?oiiui i?aaiecaoeeyi. Eae oieueei
i?aaiecaoeey, aoaeue oi /anoiay eee iauanoaaiiay, au?anoaao aei e?oiiuo
?acia?ia, iia noaiiaeony aieaa ath?ie?aoe/iie.
*anoi iaaethaeaaony ia?aaeien, i?enouee ath?ie?aoee. Ii caeeth/aaony a
oii, /oi ath?ie?aoey iiaeao ooieoeeiie?iaaoue oieueei ca n/ao
ianiaethaeaiey i?aaee eee iai?eyoey no?oeoo?u aeanoe. Iaeioi?ua
aeenooieoeee, neaaeiaaoaeueii, i?eiinyo aieueoa iieuecu, /ai a?aaea.
?aaioieee iiaoo ?aoaoue naie i?iaeaiu aac eniieueciaaiey eino?oeoeee;
a?oiia iiaeao au?aaioaoue naie iaoi?iaeueiua ii?iu. Ioeoeeaeueiua eaiaeu
eiiioieeaoeee iiaoo eaii?e?iaaoueny, a iaoi?iaeueiua eeaea?u iiaoo
caiaiyoue oeooeueioth aeanoue.
Ath?ie?aoe/aneee aeae i?aaiecaoeee o?aaoao aieueoa i?aaeii?aaeaeaiiinoe,
iaaeaee oai?/anoaa, noaaeeueiinoe, iaaeaee eciaiaiee. A neooaoeee,
eiaaea ianoaiiaea noaaeeueia e ?uiie i?iaeoeoeee iaiyaony iaaeeaiii,
iiaeii n/eoaoue ath?ie?aoeth «eaeaaeueiie» oi?iie, noaiiayuaeny
aeenooieoeeiiaeueiie oieueei iiae aeaaeaieai eciaiythueony oneiaee.
Ath?ie?aoey nouanoaoao iioiio, /oi eiiaiaioii eiae/ia. A oi aea a?aiy,
eae ioia/aao Aeeainee, a neiaeiuo nenoaiao ea?a?oee niaoeeaeecaoeey e
oeaio?aeecaoeey aeiee?otho ?acaeoea. Eiuie neiaaie, eiaeea ia anaaaea
n?aaaouaaao.
Ia i?aeoeea ath?ie?aoey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eeoue iaeio noi?iio yaeaiey,
a ae?oaay aai noi?iia – iieiinoueth aeaci?aaieciaaiiay nenoaia. Oaeei
ia?acii, yoe oa?aeoa?enoeee ath?ie?aoee i?eiaieiu e ianoiyoaeuenoaai
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, aeeth/ay neiaeiinoue aeciana e oaoiieiaee. Aieaa
oiai, yoe oa?aeoa?enoeee iiaoo iaiyoueny n o/aoii oaaee/aiey ni?ina ia
aeaiie?aoeth e ?aai/aa o/anoea.
Ioaeaeueiua noa?u aeciana aieaa ioe?uou aeey eciaiaiee, /ai ae?oaea.
Aeey ieo oa?aeoa?iu ioaeaeu a ?aieao ath?ie?aoe/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee,
eioi?ua aeaenoaotho aieaa aeaei, /ai any i?aaiecaoeey a oeaeii.
*oiau aeinoe/ue oeaee a niioaaonoaee n iioaioeeaeii /aeiaaea, ?aaioa
aeieaeia auoue ?acaeaeaia ia iiiaeanoai ?acee/iuo caaea/, i?eaiaeiuo e
auiieiaieth iaeiei /aeiaaeii eee a?oiiie. Yoi io?aaeaaony a
ai?eciioaeueiuo e ooieoeeiiaeueiuo aniaeoao i?aaiecaoeee.
Iaeiia?aiaiii n ai?eciioaeueii-ooieoeeiiaeueiie i?aaiecaoeeae nouanoaoao
e aa?oeeaeueii-ea?a?oe/aneay eeiey eii?aeeiaoi?ia e eeoe, i?eieiathueo
?aoaiey,
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay noaia iiaeao oeacuaaoue ianoi eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea a
i?aaiecaoeee e eaiaeu acaeiiaeaenoaey iaaeaeo ieie.
Io oi?iaeueiie noaiu aa?ao ia/aei eaeay o?iaiae aeanoe e ?aoaiee, caaea/
e niaoeeaeecaoeee ?aaio, oi?iaeueiuo naycae. Iaeiaei aeaaea a oaeeo
no?oeoo?ao iiaoo aicieeaoue ioeaee.
Iaecaaaeii eneaaeaaony eioi?iaoeeiiiue iioie, e i?aaiecaoeey iiaeao
noaoue a?iiicaeeie. Iiaeao iiyaeoueny neeoeii aieueoia /enei ethaeae,
io/eouaathueony ia?aae iaeiei eeoeii. Iiaeao aicieeiooue neooaoeey,
eiaaea ioaeae caieiaaony anai caaiaeii, ii iiae/eiyaony oi?aaeythuaio
i?iecaiaenoaii.
Ionthaea oi?iaeueiay noaia iiaeao ia io?aaeaoue oi, /oi oaeoe/anee
i?ienoiaeeo a i?aaiecaoeee, iineieueeo aeaenoaoao iiiaeanoai ne?uouo
oaeoi?ia, ia ioaaouaaaiuo i?inoie noaiie. Neiiaoee e aioeiaoee ia?niiaea
iiaoo aeeyoue ia eiiioieeaoeee. Iaoi?iaeueiia aicaeaenoaea iaeioi?uo
?aaioieeia nicaeaao iaoi?iaeueioth no?oeoo?o.
Ia ninoaa iaoi?iaeueiuo a?oii iiaoo aicaeaenoaiaaoue oece/aneia
?aniieiaeaiea, noiaenoai ?aaiou eee eioa?ania, a oaeaea iniaua eioa?anu.
Iinoiyiiua iaiin?aaenoaaiiua eiioaeou iiaoo niaeaenoaiaaoue iiyaeaieth o
?aaioieeia /oanoaa i?e/anoiinoe. Ethaee iaeeiaeiauo i?ioannee no?aiyony
niae?aoueny aianoa e aiai?eoue ia nianoaaiiii aea?aiia, iie eiatho
noiaeea acaeyaeu, oaaaeaeaiey e iaaeaaeaeu. Ethaee n eioa?anaie a
iaeanoe oaoieee, eneonnoaa, iocuee iiaoo iauaaeeiyoueny e aia ?aaiou.
Eiiaaea iieeoe/aneea, eaeaieiae/aneea e ?aeeaeiciua acaeyaeu iiaoo
iauaaeeiyoue (eee ?acaeaeyoue) ethaeae ia ?aaioa.
Iaoi?iaeueiua a?oiiu e iaoi?iaeueiua i?aaiecaoeee, eae e ana
nioeeaeueiua a?oiie?iaee, /anoi aunooiatho eae aaaiou iauanoaaiiiai
eiio?iey. Iie iiaoo onoaiaaeeaaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua ii?iu iiaaaeaiey,
eioi?ua, a naith i/a?aaeue, o?aaotho niaeaniaaiiinoe io /eaiia a?oiiu.
Iaeiaei yoe ii?iu iiaoo anooiaoue a i?ioeai?a/ea n ioeoeeaeueiuie
noaiaea?oaie, /oi e iaia?oaeee Y. Iaei a «yenia?eiaioao Aioi?ia». Aeaaea
naaiaeiy nouanoaoao ianna i?aaiecaoeee, o?iaaiue auionea eioi?uo
ii?aaeaeyaony iaoi?iaeueiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie. Niiniau, eioi?uie
iaoi?iaeueiay i?aaiecaoeey iiaeao i?ioeaiaeaenoaiaaoue oeaeyi
ioeoeeaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee, i?iyaeythony ?acee/iui ia?acii. Eiiaaea
eiaao ianoi aicaeaenoaea ia iaoiaeu ?aaiou; ethaee a ?aai/ae a?oiia
iiaoo iaiaieaaoueny iiaoi?ythueieny ?aaioaie, iaeei iiaeao aeaeaoue aeaa
aeaea, iiea eieeaaa aai ioaeuoaao; /aeiaae iiaeao eciaieoue ?aciao
iia?aoeee aeey nie?auaiey iiiioiiiinoe o?oaea. Iaeiaei ana yoi ii?ie
neacuaaaony ia noaiaea?oao, onoaiaaeeaaaiuo ioeoeeaeueiie i?aaiecaoeeae.
Iniaaiii yoi ioiineony e ?aaioa a ii/iia a?aiy, eiaaea eiio?ieue iau/ii
ineaaeai. Oi, /oi iacuaaaony eoeueoo?ie oe?iu, aeeth/aao aa noeeue
i?iecaiaenoaa, aa iniaaiiua oeaee, aa o?iaaiue oaoie/aneie e eaae?iaie
eneooaiiinoe, iau/ae ?oeiaiaenoaa e oeaiiinoe ?acee/iuo aeaeia ?aaio.
Eoeueoo?a – aieaa oe?ieia iiiyoea, /ai i?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a,
eioi?ay oieueei iienuaaao caaea/e, ?aciauaiea ethaeae e eo ioeoeeaeueiua
?iee. Ii ?iee – yoi ia anoue ethaee, e ?acoeueoaou oi?iaeueiuo ?ieae
iiaoo nouanoaaiii ioee/aoueny io eiioeaioeee yoie ?iee, auiieiyaiie
/aeiaaeii, e io ooieoeee e aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ua annioeee?othony n
yoie ?ieueth. Yoi aiiaue ?anoe?yao ?ac?ua iaaeaeo oi?iaeueiie e
iaoi?iaeueiie no?oeoo?aie aeciana.
Noiie?oy, ioiaoei, /oi iaoi?iaeueiay i?aaiecaoeey aeciana i?aaenoaaeyao
/aeiaa/aneee aniaeo aeciana. Yoi iineaaenoaea iiiauaiey ethaeae a
oi?iaeueioth no?oeoo?o. Iniaaiiua niiniaiinoe eaae?ia, eo neiiaoee e
aioeiaoee, eo ioiioaiea e /aio-eeai e i?aaeoaaaeaeaiey, eo nioeeaeueiua
nayce nicaeatho ne?uoua iioiee aioo?e i?aaiecaoeee, eioi?ua iaiaaeaea?,
anee ii oi/ao ?aaioaoue yooaeoeaii, aeieaeai i?eieiaoue ai aieiaiea.
Iaoi?iaeueiua i?aaiecaoeee iiaoo aeiaieueii oniaoii i?ioeainoiyoue
oeaeyi oi?iaeueiie. Ciaiea yoiai oaiiiaia aeieaeii iicaieeoue
iaiaaeaea?o iiiyoue i?e/eiu iaauiieiaiey aai ieaiia e n iaeaieueoae
auaiaeie eniieueciaaoue iaoi?iaeueioth i?aaiecaoeeth.
?oeiaiaenoai e iioeaaoeey
Ianeieueei oi?ioi ?aaioaao ioaeaeueiue ?aai/ee? Eaeiai ?acia?a aeieaeiu
auoue a?oiiu, /oiau ?aaioaoue eiino?oeoeaii? Ianeieueei /oanoaeoaeueia
i?aaiecaoeey e eciaiaieth oneiaee? Ana ioaaou ia yoe aii?inu caaenyo io
ea/anoaa ?oeiaiaenoaa.
I/aaeaeii, /oi /uey-eeai iiceoeey a oi?aaeaiee caaeneo io ?iee a oie eee
eiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Yoi i?iyaeyaony i?aaeaea anaai a onoaiiaeaiee
aeanoe e aeenoeeieeiu. Iaeiaei yoi aaaeao e e?aeia oceiio acaeyaeo ia
?oeiaiaenoai. Aieaa aaaeiuie yaeythony iaauee oi?aaeaiey a?oiiie
?aaioieeia e ono?aiaiey eiioeeeoia.
Iiieii yoiai, ?oeiaiaenoai caaeneo io iioeaaoeee. Iiieiaiea iioeaia
aeaenoaee ?aai/aai e eniieueciaaiea yoeo iiciaiee a nicaeaiee
i?aaiecaoeee, a iauaiee n ethaeueie, a oi?ie?iaaiee nenoaiu iieaou
o?oaea aeieaeiu i?iyaeyoueny a ?oeiaiaenoaa.
A ea?a?oee aieueoee eee iaiueoee o?iaaiue aeanoe caaeneo io o?iaiy
aeieaeiinoe. *ai auoa o?iaaiue, oai aieueoa aeanoue.
Iaiaoiaeeii ?acee/aoue iiiyoey «aeanoue» (authority) e «neea» (power).
Aeanoue aeaaony ?ieueth e ano?aeaaaony a no?oeoo?o i?aaiecaoeee. Yoi
i?aai, eioi?ia iaioaeaeeii io ioaaonoaaiiinoe e iiaeio/aoiinoe. Oaeei
ia?acii, aeanoue caeiiia e iacuaaaony «i?aaii iineaaeiaai neiaa».
Iaiai?io, neea ia iaycaoaeueii caeiiia, iineieueeo iia anoue ia i?aai, a
niiniaiinoue. Iia iiaeao auoue ii?aaeaeaia eae niiniaiinoue canoaaeyoue
yaeaiey, niauoey i?ienoiaeeoue ii caaeaiiiio noeaia?eth. Neea
ninouanoaoao n aeanoueth, anee iineaaeiyy iaee/anoaoao.
Aaca aeanoe aeeth/aao: oneiaey inouanoaeaiey ?iee e iieiiii/ee; ianoi a
ea?a?oee; eiio?ieue ca ?ano?naie (iai?eia?, i?iecaiaenoaaiiua oaeoi?u,
eioi?iaoeey); nianoaaiiinoue eee aeiaa?aiioth nianoaaiiinoue:
iaayoaeueiia ?oeiaiaenoai – «io aiaa»; «iaeaunoaa» ia?aciaaiea;
o?aaeeoeee; i?aaeinoaaeaiea aeanoe auoanoiyueie; oaeoi?u, naycaiiua n
iiae/eiaiiuie,– iaeeaeaiey, aeaeaiey e iio?aaiinoe; ioeaiee, oneiaey
eiio?aeoia; iaoneiaeaiiinoue aaiaoe/aneeie iaeeiiiinoyie – i?eiyoea
aaoi?eoa?iie eee aeaiie?aoe/aneie aeenoeeieeiu; ia?aciaaiea.
Ia aeaea aac i?eciaiey ?oeiaiaeeoaey iiae/eiaiiuie aeanoe iiaeao e ia
auoue.
Ii o aeanoe nouanoaotho e naie i?iaeaiu.
Neeu, aeaenoaothuea ia iaiaaeaea?a:
1) nianoaaiiua oeaiiinoe iaiaaeaea?a, iaoneiaeaiiua naiei iauanoaii. A
iaiaa aaoi?eoa?iii iauanoaa iieiay aeanoue iaaa?iyea ia aoaeao
aeinoeaeeia eee aeaeaaia;
2) aeanoue ia?aie/eaaaony cao?aoaie e i?aaeinoaaeyaiuie eueaioaie;
3) i?eiyoea aeanoe aeeth/aao e ioaaonoaaiiinoue. Ia ana iaiaaeaea?u
aeaeatho ianoe eaeea-eeai iaycaoaeuenoaa.
Neeu, aeaenoaothuea ia iiae/eiaiiuo:
1 ) iaeioi?ua, iiaoo ?anoiaeeoueny n iauanoaii ii eaeaieiae/aneei
niia?aaeaieyi;
2) iiae/eiaiiua onooiatho aeanoe iaiaaeaea?a ec-ca naieo eioa?ania,
eioi?ua caaenyo io iioeaaoeee;
3) ethaee i?eieiatho aeanoue ae?oaeo oieueei aei eaeiai-eeai i?aaeaea;
4) aeanoue iiaeao i?eieiaoueny i?inoi iioiio, /oi iaeioi?ua aniaeou
neooaoeee i?aaenoaaeythony ianouanoaaiiuie eee oi/ii ia ioeaiaiu;
5) aeanoue iiaeao i?eieiaoueny ec-ca oiai, /oi iiae/eiaiiua
iaaeinoaoi/ii neeueiu, /oiau eciaieoue iieiaeaiea.
Neeu, aeaenoaothuea ia neooaoeeth:
1) aeanoue iiaeao ia i?eieiaoueny a ia?eiaeu aeeeoaeueiuo enoi?e/aneeo
eiioeeeoia;
2) yeiiiie/aneea oneiaey, iniaaiii ia?niaeoeau caiyoinoe, iiaoo
naeaeaoue i?eiyoea aeanoe aieaa eee iaiaa niieieiui.
Neea iaiaaeaea?a caaeneo, ianiiiaiii, io oao aea naiuo oaeoi?ia, /oi e
aeanoue. Iaeiaei neea inouanoaeyaony /a?ac eiio?ieue iaae ?ano?naie,
aeaiueaaie, eioi?iaoeeae e ciaieyie. Neea iineo i?eioaeeoaeueiue
oa?aeoa?.
Aeanoue e neeo iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue a aeaea io?acea i?yiie io –100 aei
+100, oi anoue io iacaeiiiiai oiio?aaeaiey neeu aei caeiiiiai i?eiyoey
aeanoe. Iaiaaeaea?u aeey aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee eniieuecotho
ni/aoaiea neeu e aeanoe a caaeneiinoe io o?aaiaaiee neooaoeee e noeey
?oeiaiaenoaa. Ii ecauoi/iia eniieueciaaiea iaoiaea neeu icia/aao, /oi
iiae/eiaiiua aeieai ia aoaeoo iiaeaea?aeeaaoue aeaenoaey iaiaaeaea?a e
/oi i?aaiecaoeey eiaao i?eciaee «iacaei?iauey».
Ieaea i?eaaaeaiu iaeioi?ua ec iaeaieaa aaaeiuo aeaeia oi?aaeai/aneie e
aeenoeeieeia?iie oaoieee.
Oneeaiea aeieaeiinoiie aeanoe. Aeieaeiinoiia eeoei yaeyaony
?oeiaiaeeoaeai, enoiaey a aieueoae noaiaie ec oiai, eaeie iino iii
caieiaao a ea?a?oee, /ai ec ee/iuo ea/anoa. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, aaaeii
oneeeoue aeanoue aeieaeiinoe, anee eeoei aeieaeii auoue yooaeoeaiui
?oeiaiaeeoaeai naiae a?oiiu. Yoi ninoaaeyao aaaeioth /anoue
iiaaaeai/aneeo enneaaeiaaiee, oi anoue ea?iauo ?ieae.
Iaacee/eaaiea ioiioaiee aeanoe. Anee i?eiyoea ?aoaiee auoanoiyueo
?oeiaiaeeoaeae noaiiaeony iaycaoaeuenoaii, iaaycaiiui i?aaiecaoeeae, a
ia ee/iui iaycaoaeuenoaii ?oeiaiaeeoaey, oi yoi niinianoaoao oneeaieth
aeanoe. Yoi oaeaea iiiiaaao ?oeiaiaeeoaeth, eiaaea i?eoiaeeony
i?eieiaoue iaiiioey?iua ?aoaiey. ?aoaiey, i?eiyoua io eiaie
i?aaiecaoeee, eaa/a aini?eieiathony iiae/eiaiiuie, /ai ?aoaiey
eiie?aoiiai ?oeiaiaeeoaey.
O/anoea iiae/eiaiiuo. ?oeiaiaenoai iiaeao auoue aaoi?eoa?iui eee
aeaiie?aoe/iui (i?e eioi?ii ?oeiaiaeeoaeue iaeeaeaao io iiae/eiaiiuo
o/anoey a au?aaioea ?aoaiee).
Niaoeeaeecaoeey e ?acaeaeaiea o?oaea, iaeiaei, ia?aie/eaatho ianooaa
?aoaiee, i?eieiaaiuo i?e o/anoee iiae/eiaiiuo. E?iia oiai, anee acaeyaeu
iiae/eiaiiuo iai?eaieaiu aeey i?aaiecaoeee e aeieaeiu auoue eciaiaiu
aunoei ?oeiaiaenoaii, iiaoo aicieeiooue i?ioeai?a/ey.
Eioi?ie?iaaiiinoue iiae/eiaiiuo. Iaaeaeaoaeueiia iiaaaeaiea iiae/eiaiiuo
iiaeao auoue aucaaii eeoue iaoaaoeie eioi?iaoeee i oeaeyo i?aaiecaoeee.
Oi?ioee ?oeiaiaeeoaeue iaania/eaaao naiei iiae/eiaiiui ciaiea ii?i
i?eaieaiiai iiaaaeaiey e iineaaenoaee aai ianiioaaonoaey yoei ii?iai.
Iinoiyiiia eciaiaiea oieeiaaiey e i?eioaeaeaiea e auiieiaieth i?aaee.
Aunoea ?oeiaiaeeoaee aeieaeiu iineaaeiaaoaeueii i?eioaeaeaoue
iiae/eiaiiuo e auiieiaieth i?aaee eiiiaiee. Oaioe/iinoue e
iaiineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue iiaoo aucaaoue o iiae/eiaiiuo ?aciiaeaney,
aacaa?ea e /oanoai iaaaciianiinoe.
Eciaiaiea iaiiioey?iuo ?aoaiee. ?oeiaiaeeoaee ia aeieaeiu i?eieiaoue
?aoaiey, eioi?ua iiae/eiaiiua ia aoaeoo auiieiyoue. Eo/oa eciaieoue yoe
?aoaiey.
Eniieueciaaiea aeenoeeieeia?iuo ia?. Yooaeoeaiinoue aeenoeeieeia?iuo ia?
caaeneo io oiai, ianeieueei auniei iiae/eiaiiua ioeaieaatho naith naycue
n i?aaiecaoeeae.
Nienoiaeeoaeueiinoue. Ioaeaeueiua ?oeiaiaeeoaee aieaa nienoiaeeoaeueiu,
iaaeaee ae?oaea. Nienoiaeeoaeueiue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue iiaeao aeiionoeoue
iaaieueoea ionooieaiey naieo iiae/eiaiiuo io i?aaee e oai naiui
nicaeaoue aeia?iaeaeaoaeueioth aoiinoa?o e /oanoai ee/iie eiyeueiinoe,
eioi?ua iiiiaatho aio iaeaaeeoue eiioaeo n iiae/eiaiiuie aeey
aeinoeaeaiey aeaaiuo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo oeaeae.
Nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu ea?atho aaaeioth ?ieue a nia?aiaiiii ie?oaeaiee
aeciana. Anee iaiaaeaea? aeaeaao auiieiyoue naie ooieoeee yooaeoeaii, ii
aeieaeai oiaoue ?oeiaiaeeoue ?acee/iuie ?aai/eie a?oiiaie.
Iniiaiui oiaieai aeey yooaeoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey nioeeaeueiie a?oiiie eee
?aai/ae a?eaaaeie yaeyaony iaaue ?oeiaiaenoaa. ?oeiaiaenoai anoue
i?ioeann aeinoeaeaiey aeaeaaiiai nio?oaeie/anoaa ni noi?iiu a?oiiu. Iy?e
I. Oieeaoo a naieo ?aaioao «?oeiaiaeeoaeue e yenia?o» e «Iaeioi?ua
?anoiaeaeaiey a oai?ee e i?aeoeea ?oeiaiaenoaa», ecaeaiiuo
niioaaonoaaiii a 1927 e 1931 aiaeao, oaeoaeea yoo iuneue, aiai?y, /oi
aeanoue, aeinoathuayny ?oeiaiaeeoaeth, anoue ?acoeueoao aiciiaeiinoe
a?oiiu i?eiyoue ioaeaeueiia eeoei a ea/anoaa ?oeiaiaeeoaey. Aeeeoaeueiay
yooaeoeaiinoue ?aai/ae a?eaaaeu, oaeei ia?acii, i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea
iaiaaeaea?a, iaania/eaathuaai eioa?anu, eiyeueiinoue e o/anoea anao
/eaiia a?eaaaeu. Oi?ioee ?oeiaiaeeoaeue, eae n/eoaao A. Oaeieue,
aeieaeai nai iaeaaeaoue niaeinoueth a i?eiyoee ia naay ioaaonoaaiiinoe e
anaeyoue yoi ea/anoai a naieo iiae/eiaiiuo.
Aeey a?eaaaeiie ?aaiou iaiaaeaea?o iaaeinoaoi/ii i?inoi iinoaaeoue
caaea/o ia?aae iiae/eiaiiuie, ii aeieaeai aianoa n ieie auynieoue, a /ai
iia caeeth/aaony. Yoi o?aaoao io iaiaaeaea?a ciaiey i?eioeeiia
a?oiiiaiai iauaiey e nee, aeaenoaothueo aioo?e a?oiiu. Ii aeieaeai
o/eouaaoue oi, eae a?oiia iiaeao aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia iiaaaeaiea
ioaeaeueiuo eeoe.
Yooaeoeaiay a?eaaaeiay ?aaioa oa?aeoa?ecoaony neaaeothueie iiiaioaie:
aieueoay oaycea eioa?ania (/eaiu a?oiiu iiae/eiytho nianoaaiiua eioa?anu
a?oiiiaui oeaeyi): niaianoenue ii?aaeaeaiea e aini?eyoea oeaee; aunieay
noaiaiue eii?aeeiaoeee aeaenoaee: aaeaioaoeey e iaiythueiny oneiaeyi;
naiaa?aiaiiinoue i?eiyoey ?aoaiee e aeaenoaee; ?acoiiia eniieueciaaiea
eaiaeia eiiioieeaoeee; i?iaeoeoeaiia eniieueciaaiea nia?aiee;
eeaa?aeueiay aoiinoa?a i?e ianoaeaeaiee aii?inia, eiino?oeoeaiay
e?eoeea.
A ethauo i?aaiecaoeeyo nicaeaaony iai?yaeaiiinoue, eioi?ay iiaeao
i?eaanoe e eiioeeeoo. Iiyoiio nia?aiaiiiio iaiaaeaea?o aaaeii oiaoue
oi?aaeyoue eiioeeeoiie neooaoeeae.
Noi?iiieee eeanne/aneie oeieu oi?aaeaiey a iniiaiii eaii?e?otho
eiioeeeou, caaenyuea io niiniaiinoe iaiaaeaea?a ?aoaoue ethaua i?iaeaiu,
aicieeathuea a yoie iaeanoe. Iaeiaei a 20-a aiaeu I. Oieeaoo a naiae
?aaioa «Eiino?oeoeaiue eiioeeeo» i?aaeeiaeeea neaaeothuaa: aianoi oiai
/oiau ono?aiyoue nii?iua neooaoeee, eae i?aaeei, neeie, iaiaaeaea?
aeieaeai oi?aaeyoue yoie neooaoeeae oaeei ia?acii, /oiau yoi i?eaaei e
eo/oaio.
Oieeaoo auaeaeeea o?e iaoiaea ono?aiaiey eiioeeeoiuo neooaoeee, iau/ii
aicieeathueo iaaeaeo /aeiaaeii (eee i?ionithcii) e ?oeiaiaenoaii oe?iu,
a eiaiii iiaeaaeaiea, eiii?iienn, eioaa?aoeeth. Eiia/ii, ec ieo oieueei
eioaa?aoeey aeaenoaeoaeueii i?aaeeaaaao ?aoaiea i?iaeai.
Iiaeaaeaiea. N iiiiuueth neeu iiaeii oie/oiaeeoue iiiiiaioa. Oae,
neeueiia ?oeiaiaenoai iiaaaeeo neaaue i?ionithc eee iiuiue i?ionithc
iiaeao ?aciaiaoue i?aaei?eyoea.
Eiii?iienn – yoi iaeaieaa /oeiay e /anoi oiio?aaeyaiay oi?ia ?aoaiey. A
eiii?iienna eaaeaeay noi?iia o?aaoao oi, /oi ae ioaeii, e oi?aoaony aei
eiioea. Yoi a?aiaiiia niaeaoaiea, iau/ii ?ann/eoaiiia ia ei?ioeee n?ie e
aaaeouaa e iiaiio iiaoi?aieth eiioeeeoa.
Eioaa?aoeey. Yoio iiaeoiae aeiioneaao ?anniio?aiea eiioeeeoa a ea/anoaa
iiiaia?aiiie i?iaeaiu n ?aoaieai, caeeth/athueiny a oaeiaeaoai?aiee
iniiaiuo o?aaiaaiee noi?ii eiioeeeoa. Aeey eioaa?aoeee iaiaoiaeeia
aaeeiay nenoaia oeaiiinoae o eiioeeeoothueo noi?ii, /oiau iaeia noi?iia
iieiinoueth iiieiaea ae?oaoth. Iaeiie ec ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo i?e/ei
iaono?aieiinoe eiioeeeoa yaeyaony oi, /oi noi?iiu neeoeii /anoi aiai?yo
i ?acee/iuo aauao. Aeiionoei, /oi A, A, A, A e Ae yaeythony o/anoieeaie
eiioeeeoa. ?oeiaiaenoai oe?iu i?eaeaao aieueoia cia/aiea A e A,
ii?aaeaeaiiia cia/aiea A e n/eoaao A e Ae ia eiathueie aieueoie
aaaeiinoe. *aeiaae (eee i?ionithc), n ae?oaie noi?iiu, neeiiai n/eoaoue
iaeaieaa aaaeiuie yeaiaioaie A e Ae, a A , A e A ?anniao?eaaao eae
ianouanoaaiiua. I?e eioaa?aoeee nii?iua iiiaiou ?acaeaeythony e
aiaeece?othony ii ioaeaeueiinoe; eaaeaeiio aniaeoo i?eaeaaony
ii?aaeaeaiiue aan. Iio?aaiinoe, aeaeaiey e iaaeaaeaeu noi?ii naiaeyony
aiaaeeii aeey ?anniio?aiey e ioeaiee. Io yoiai aiaeeca iiaeao i?iecieoe
ia?aioeaiea eioa?ania.
I?aiyonoaey aeey eioaa?aoeee naiaeyony e neaaeothuaio:
iia o?aaoao ia?aciaaiiinoe, aini?eei/eainoe, i?iieoeaoaeueiinoe e
ecia?aoaoaeueiinoe io iaaeo noi?ii;
o iiiaeo iaiaaeaea?ia cae?aieeanue i?eau/ea e ?aoaieth nii?ia iooai
i?aiaeaaeaiey, eioi?oth o?oaeii enei?aieoue;
eoeueoo?iua i?aae?annoaeee;
iiiaea iaiaaeaea?u iaaeinoaoi/ii iao/aiu eneonnoao niaianoiiai
?aciuoeaiey.
Iaeiaei i?e aeia?iniaanoiie o?aie?iaea iaiaaeaea?ia iiiaea ec yoeo
i?aiyonoaee i?aiaeieeiu.
Iieueca eiioeeeoia. Eiioeeeou i?eiinyo ia oieueei a?aae. Oioy iie e
?ac?ooeoaeueiu, iie iiaoo neoaeeoue i?iyniaieth ioiioaiee iaaeaeo
/aeiaaeii e ?oeiaiaenoaii.
Oi?ioee iaiaaeaea? ia iiaeao e ia aeieaeai iuoaoueny ecaaaeaoue anao
eiioeeeoia. Iaiaaeaea? aeieaeai ?aoaoue i?iaeaiu a i?ioeanna eioaa?aoeee
e oai naiui i?iyniyoue oeaee iaaeo noi?ii. Eiino?oeoeaiay e?eoeea
ia?yaeo n eiinoeueoaoeeyie aoaeao icia/aoue, /oi iaiaaeaea? iiaeao
ecaea/ue auaiaeo oae aea, eae e ?aai/ea.
A oaia?ue ianeieueei neia i iioeaaoeee. N 1880 aiaea, eiaaea O. Oyeei?
ia/ae naie nenoaiaoe/aneea enneaaeiaaiey oaoieee iaiaaeaeiaioa,
aieueoeinoai ?aaio eanaeinue iioeaaoeee. Oyeei? naeaeae o?e neaaeothueo
iniiaiuo aeiiouaiey a iiaaaeaiee /aeiaaea ai a?aiy ?aaiou:
/aeiaae – yoi «?aoeeiiaeueiia aeeaioiia», icaai/aiiia iaeneiecaoeeae
naieo yeiiiie/aneeo aeioiaeia;
ethaee ?aaae?otho ia yeiiiie/aneea neooaoeee eiaeeaeaeoaeueii;
ethaee, eae e iaoeiu, iiaoo iiaeaa?aaoueny noaiaea?oece?iaaiiie iiaea.
Oyeei? n/eoae, /oi ana, /aai oioyo ?aai/ea,– yoi aunieay ca?ieaoa.
Oai?ee Oyeei?a aeieai eniieueciaaeenue ia i?aeoeea a oi?ia
iiiu?eoaeueiuo ieaoaaeae aac eaeeo-eeai cia/eoaeueiuo eciaiaiee. Iaeiaei
a eiioea 20-o aiaeia ?aaioa Y. Iaei ia caaiaeao Aioi?ia ai iiiaii
ii?iaa?aea oai?ee Oyeei?a e oeacaea iooue e aieaa nia?aiaiiui oai?eyi.
Ii aacie aeey naiuo nia?aiaiiuo oai?ee yaeythony oai?ee iioeaaoeee,
?ac?aaioaiiua aia?eeaineei ineoieiaii Aa?aoaiii Ianeio (1908–1970 aa.).
A. Ianeio i?aaeiieiaeee, /oi /aeiaae iioeae?oaony oaeiaeaoai?aieai na?ee
iio?aaiinoae, auno?iaiiuo a ea?a?oeth eee ie?aieaeo ec iyoe oe?ieeo
no?ao. A aic?anoathuai ii?yaeea yoi:
oeceieiae/aneea, eee aaciaua, iio?aaiinoe (ieua, oaiei, oaaaeeua, naen e
o. ae.);
iio?aaiinoe aaciianiinoe (caueoa, ii?yaeie);
nioeeaeueiua iio?aaiinoe (iio?aaiinoue eiio-eeai i?eiaaeeaaeaoue,
ninoiyoue a ae?oaeaneeo ioiioaieyo, aoiaeeoue a eaeoth-eeai a?oiio);
iio?aaiinoe a oaaaeaiee (naiioaaaeaiea e oaaaeaiea ae?oaeo, iai?eia?
neiaieu noaoona, i?anoeae, neaaa);
iio?aaiinoue naii?aaeecaoeee, oi anoue iio?aaiinoue iieiinoueth ?acaeoue
naie iioaioeeae (oai?/aneea ?acoeueoaou, aeinoeaeaiey a ainieoaiee
aeaoae e o. ae.).
Ianeio naeaeae i?aaeiieiaeaiea, /oi a i?inoaeoai neo/aa iio?aaiinoe
oaeiaeaoai?ythony iaeia ca ae?oaie, oi anoue eae oieueei oaeiaeaoai?aia
iaeia iio?aaiinoue, iia aunooiaao iioeaaoeeae aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey
neaaeothuae e o. ae. Ii anee i?e oaeiaeaoai?aiee a?oiiu iio?aaiinoae
aicieeiao eaeay-eeai iiaay aaciaay iio?aaiinoue, /aeiaae ia?aoeo naia
aieiaiea a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ia iaa.
N oi/ee c?aiey «iioeaaoeee a ?aaioa» iaieiaoaeue, n/eoathuee, /oi
/aeiaae aeeaao eeoue oeaaii aaeeiui, aoaeao iinoaaeai a ooiee,
iineieueeo aai ?aai/ea aoaeoo ian/anoiu e iaiioeae?iaaiu. Ii neiaai
Ianeio, «/aeiaae eeoue oai aeeaao oeaaii aaeeiui, aaea aiiaua iao
oeaaa».
Neaaeoao iiiieoue o?e aaaeiuo iieiaeaiey oai?ee Ianeio:
1) Ea?a?oey iio?aaiinoae i/aiue iaiiieiaao ?acaeoea /aeiaaea n aeaonoaa
aei noa?inoe: ieaaeaiaoe ioaeaeaaony a ieua e oaiea, aaciianiinoe e
ethaae: ii ia?a ?inoa i?ienoiaeeo iinoaiaiiia ?acaeoea naiioaaaeaiey, e,
iaeiiaoe, iiyaeyaony «naiiiioeae?oaiue» ac?ineue.
2) En/aciiaaiea oaeiaeaoai?aiiuo iio?aaiinoae e iiyaeaiea ae?oaeo a
aeaea iioeaaoeee yaeyaony iainiciaiiui i?ioeannii: eae oieueei au
ono?ieoanue ia ?aaioo, au n?aco caaoaeaoa ana i?ioeua iaacaiaeu e
ia/iaoa aeoiaoue i i?iaeaeaeaiee iaaa?o, i noaoona e o. ae.; anee yoiai
au ia iieo/eoa, au aoaeaoa /oanoaiaaoue naay ian/anoiui, eae aoaeoi
aiana e ia eiaaoa ?aaioo.
3) Ianeio ioia/aao, /oi iyoue nooiaiae ia yaeythony /ai-oi aaoiiiiiui.
Nouanoaoao ii?aaeaeaiiay noaiaiue acaeiiaeaenoaey iaaeaeo ieie.
Oai?ey Ianeio no?ieony ia i?aaeiieiaeaiee, /oi, iiea iaiaoiaeeiinoue a
oaeiaeaoai?aiee aaciauo iio?aaiinoae a ea?a?oee oae aea aaaeia, eae,
iai?eia?, iio?aaiinoue a aeoaieiao, caei?iaue /aeiaae aoaeao
?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny a iniiaiii iio?aaiinoueth naii?aaeecaoeee naiaai
iioaioeeaea. Anee /aeiaaeo i?aiyonoaotho a oaeiaeaoai?aiee iio?aaiinoae
aieaa ieceiai o?iaiy, iio?aaiinoe aieaa aunieiai ?aiaa ia iiaoo
aicieeiooue. Iaeiaei i?ioeaiaeaenoaea oaeiaeaoai?aieth iio?aaiinoe
i?ienoiaeeo ii aiaoiei i?e/eiai.
I?aaei?eieiaoaeueneay aeayoaeueiinoue ea?aao aaaeioth ?ieue a
oaeiaeaoai?aiee iio?aaiinoae.
Iia nouanoaaiii niinianoaoao oaeiaeaoai?aieth oece/aneeo iio?aaiinoae
(iai?eia?, ieua, iaeaaeaea), iaania/eaay oeiainiaua enoi/ieee, oe?aieyy
oaa?aiiinoue e aaciianiinoue a neeo naiae aeieain?i/iinoe.
?aaioiee oaeiaeaoai?yao naie iio?aaiinoe a iaeia?aiee e aeeth/aiee a
aeayoaeueiinoue iin?aaenoaii iauaiey ni naieie eieeaaaie ii ?aaioa e
eaeaioeoeoee?iaaiey naay n eaeie-eeai ?aai/ae a?oiiie.
Iaeiaei iio?aaiinoe a oaaaeaiee e naiiau?aaeaiee iniaaiii oianoiu aeey
?anniio?aiey iioeaaoeee ?aaioieeia. Oaaaeaiea oaeiaeaoai?yaony /a?ac
iniciaiea e iiieiaiea ee/iuo /oanoa. Naiiau?aaeaiea o?aaoao au?aaeaiey
niiniaiinoae e iaaueia eiaeeaeaeooia. Yoe iio?aaiinoe i?iyaeythony a
aeaeaiee acyoue ia naay ii?aaeaeaiioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue e a iieo/aiee
eioa?aniie e oai?/aneie ?aaiou.
Iineaaeiea enneaaeiaaiey ii iaiaauaieth o?oaea iieacuaatho, /oi eiaaea
?aaioa i?iecaiaeeony n i?aaeinoaaeaieai aieueoae ioaaonoaaiiinoe e
?aciiia?acey, yoi ia oieueei oneeeaaao oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue ?aaioieea, ii
e iiauoaao ea/anoai eniieiaiey ?aaiou.
Iaeiie ec iaeaieaa ecaanoiuo eiioeaioeee iioeaaoeee, i?iaeieaeathuae
oai?eth Ianeio, yaeythony acaeyaeu i?ioanni?a O?aaea?eea Oa?oeaa?aa
(NOA), iaoneiaeeaathuea iioeaaoeeth oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoueth eee
iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoueth ?aaioie.
Yoio iiaeoiae iniiaai ia aeaiiuo yenia?eiaioia ii auyniaieth oiai, /oi
ethaee aeoiatho i naiae ?aaioa (/oi aeaeaao eo n/anoeeauie eee
ian/anoiuie, oaeiaeaoai?aiiuie eee iao); a /anoiinoe, auee ii?ioaiu
eiaeaia?u e aooaaeoa?u. Iiaeiaiua enneaaeiaaiey i?iaiaeeeenue
iaiaeiie?aoii ae?oaeie o/aiuie a ae?oaeo no?aiao, a oii /enea e
iacuaaaoeo naay nioeeaeenoe/aneeie. E aacaea eiaea ianoi aunieay
noaiaiue aeinoiaa?iinoe ?acoeueoaoia.
Auei aeiiouaii, /oi oaeoi?u, aucuaathuea oaeiaeaoai?aiea io ?aaiou,
aieaa ?aciiia?aciu, /ai oa, /oi aucuaatho iaoaeiaeaoai?aiea. Enoiaey ec
yoiai, oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue – ia i?inoi ?acoeueoao ionoonoaey oaeoi?ia,
aaaeoueo e iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe, oi anoue oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue e
iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue ia yaeythony i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoyie. N oi/ee c?aiey
Oa?oeaa?aa. i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoueth oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe io ?aaiou yaeyaony
oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue «ia?aaioie», a i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoueth
iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe ?aaioie – iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue «ia?aaioie».
Oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia ono?aiaiea iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe, Oa?oeaa?a iacaae
aeaeaie/aneeie, oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue,–
iioeaaoi?aie.
?aai/ay neooaoeey (o. a. oaeoe/aneay ?aaioa, eioi?oth aeaeaao ?aaioiee,
e ie?oaeathuea aai oneiaey – ca?ieaoa, eiio?ieue e o. ae.) iiaeao
?anniao?eaaoueny eae niaieoiiinoue iioeaaoi?ia e aeaeaie/aneeo oaeoi?ia.
Naiia aeaaiia – ia niaoeaaoue eo ae?oa n ae?oaii.
Enneaaeiaaiey Oa?oeaa?aa onoaiiaeee, /oi aiciiaeii ?aca?aie/eoue e
eeanneoeoee?iaaoue aeaeaie/aneea e iioeae?othuea oaeoi?u.
Aeaeaie/aneea oaeoi?u: iieeoeea eiiiaiee, aaciianiinoue, noaoon,
i?iecaiaenoaaiiua ioiioaiey, ca?ieaoa, ?aai/ea oneiaey, iaaeci?,
iiaaaeaiea aaeieieno?aoeee.
Iioeae?othuea oaeoi?u: ineoieiae/aneee ?ino (naii?aaeecaoeey, ii
Ianeio), i?ia?ann, ioaaonoaaiiinoue, ?aaioa naia ii naaa, i?eciaiea,
oniao.
N oi/ee c?aiey aeaeaie/aneeo oaeoi?ia e iioeaaoi?ia iio?aaiinoe /aeiaaea
iiae?acaeaeythony ia aeaa a?oiiu.
Iio?aaiinoe aeeaioiiai oa?aeoa?a – yoi oaeea iio?aaiinoe, eae no?aieaiea
ecaaaeaoue aiee, aieiaea e o. i. /oi auioaeaeaao ca?aaaouaaoue aeaiueae.
Aeooiaiua iio?aaiinoe – yoa a?oiia ioiineony e oai ea/anoaai, eioi?ua
i?enoue oieueei /aeiaaeo e iaania/eaatho ineoieiae/aneee ?ino.
Oa?oeaa?a oaeaea ioia/ae, /oi ?aaeecaoeey yoeo aeaoo a?oii oaeoi?ia
aoaeao auaiaeia e aeey ?aaioieea, e aeey iaieiaoaey. Aeaeaie/aneea
oaeoi?u oeo/oatho eniieiaiea, ii iioeae?othuea oaeoi?u iaiaoiaeeiu aeey
aeinoeaeaiey ?aaeueiuo oniaoia.
Aeoaean Iaea?aai? (1906-1964 aa.), aia?eeaineee eiinoeueoaio ii
iaiaaeaeiaioo, auiieiee ?yae enneaaeiaaiee ii oai?ee oi?aaeaiey e
iioeaaoeee. Ii iienae ?acee/iua aeiiouaiey, eioi?ua iaiaaeaea?u aeaeatho
aeey iiaaaeaiey ?aaioieeia. Iaea?aai? n?aaiee oeeinioeth o?aaeeoeeiiiiai
iaiaaeaeiaioa n aieaa nia?aiaiiui iiaeoiaeii e oaeiaeaoai?aieth io
?aaiou e auaeaeee «/aeiaa/aneee aeoo» eae iniiaioth iioeae?othuoth neeo.
Aeaa naieo i?aaeiieiaeaiey ii iacaae oai?eyie «Een» e «Ea?ae».
Oai?ey «Een» (o?aaeeoeeiiiay oi/ea c?aiey) oi?ioee?oao oeeinioeth
oi?aaeaiey e eiio?iey o?aaeeoeeiiiiai iaiaaeaeiaioa. Iaiaaeaea? niiauaao
ethaeyi, /o( ioaeii naeaeaoue, e /anoi i?eaaaaao e iiiu?aieth eee
iaeacaieth a oiaea ?aaiou. Ii aeaenoaoao, enoiaey ec neaaeothueo
aeiiouaiee:
n?aaeiee eiaeeaeaeooi eiaao noieeoth iaethaiaue e ?aaioa e, ianeieueei
aiciiaeii, aoaeao ecaaaaoue aa;
a nayce n yoei aieueoeinoai ethaeae neaaeoao i?eioaeaeaoue e ?aaioa e
eiio?iee?iaaoue. Eie iaiaoiaeeii oi?aaeyoue, oa?iaeay iaeacaieai, /oiau
canoaaeoue eo i?eeiaeeoue oneeey e aeinoeaeaieth oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee;
n?aaeiee eiaeeaeaeooi i?aaeii/eoaao auoue ?oeiaiaeeiui, aeaeaao
ecaaaaoue ioaaonoaaiiinoe, eiaao ioiineoaeueii neaaua aiaeoeee e aieueoa
anaai oi/ao aaciianiinoe e iieiy.
Oai?ey «Ea?ae» (nia?aiaiiay oi/ea c?aiey) – iiaue iiaeoiae a
iaiaaeaeiaioa, iniiaaiiue ia iineaaeieo enneaaeiaaieyo. Iia eiaao
neaaeothuea aeiiouaiey:
?anoiaeiaaiea oece/aneie e aeooiaiie yia?aee a ?aaioa oae aea
anoanoaaiii, eae e i?e ea?a eee ioaeuoa;
aiaoiee eiio?ieue e oa?ica iaeacaiey ia yaeythony aaeeinoaaiiui
n?aaenoaii canoaaeoue /aeiaaea aeia?iniaanoii ?aaioaoue. Yoi iiaeii
naeaeaoue, eniieuecoy naiioi?aaeaiea e naiieiio?ieue ?aaioieea;
niioaaonoaea oeaeyi yaeyaony ooieoeeae aiciaa?aaeaeaiey,
annioeee?iaaiiiai n eo aeinoeaeaieai. Iaeaieaa cia/eoaeueiuie ec yoeo
iaa?aae yaeythony oaeiaeaoai?aiea naiaai «y» e naiioaeiaeaoai?aiea
iio?aaiinoae;
n?aaeiee eiaeeaeaeooi aeaeaao i?e ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaeyo ia oieueei
i?eieiaoue ia naay ioaaonoaaiiinoue, ii e no?aieoueny e iae;
niiniaiinoue e i?iyaeaieth aunieie noaiaie aiia?aaeaiey,
ecia?aoaoaeueiinoe e oai?/anoaa i?e ?aoaiee i?iaeai i?aaiecaoeee oe?iei
?ani?ino?aiaia n?aaee eiaeeaeaeoaeia;
a oneiaeyo nia?aiaiiie i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeecie eioaeeaeooaeueiue
iioaioeeae n?aaeiaai eiaeeaeaeooia eniieuecoaony aeaeaei ia iieiinoueth
e aeieaeai auoue iaeneiaeueii ?ane?uo.
Oioy i?aaeeiaeaii iiiai iienaiee ?oeiaiaenoaa, ie iaeii ec ieo a iieiie
ia?a ia auei i?eiyoi. Oae eae ?acaeoea oai?ee ?oeiaiaenoaa yaeyaony
e?aeia nii?iie /anoueth oai?ee iaiaaeaeiaioa, oianoii ?anniio?aoue
iaeioi?ua eo aa?eaiou.
Oai?ey «iniaaiiinoae» iniiaaia ia i?aaeiieiaeaiee, /oi ana oaea/eeaua
?oeiaiaeeoaee iaeaaeatho eaeeie-oi ee/iuie iniaaiiinoyie, eioi?ua e
iicaieytho ei aeiaeaaoueny oniaoa.
Oai?ey «neooaoeee» iniiaaia ia i?aaeiieiaeaiee, /oi /aeiaae, iuouathuee
naay eo/oei aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa a aeaiiie neooaoeee, e auaeaeeony ec
a?oiiu eae ?oeiaiaeeoaeue. Niaeanii yoie oai?ee, eaiaeeaeaou ia
?oeiaiaenoai iiaoo auoue iinoaaeaiu a ?acee/iua ianoaiaea?oiua neooaoeee
e oio, eoi i?e yoii noaiao eeaea?ii, iiaeao auoue ioeoeeaeueii iacia/ai
ia ?oeiaiaeyuea iinou.
Niaoaiiay oai?ey ?oeiaiaenoaa yaeyaony ni/aoaieai eiiiiiaioia iaaeo
oai?ee. Iia, aiciiaeii, yaeyaony iaeaieaa iieaciie, oae eae aae?aao a
naay eioi?iaoeeth ec ?acee/iuo enoi/ieeia aeey iauyniaiey ?iee
?oeiaiaenoaa.
?oeiaiaenoai iiaeao auoue ii?aaeaeaii eae aeaeaiea eiaeeaeaeooia
aeiieie?iaaoue a oie iaeanoe, aaea ii «iaoae naay», a ni/aoaiee ni
niiniaiinoueth anaeyoue oaa?aiiinoue a iineaaeiaaoaeae oae, /oiau iie
auiieiyee oi, /oi io ieo o?aaoaony, eee aieaa i?inoi – eae niiniaiinoue
oaaaeeoue ethaeae naeaeaoue oi, /oi iie ia naeaeaee au aeia?iaieueii.
Iaeaieaa iauai?eiyouie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie ?oeiaiaeeoaey yaeythony i?eiyoea
ioaaonoaaiiinoe, oaa?aiiinoue, ?aoeoaeueiinoue, i?yiioa,
ia?aciaaiiinoue.
Enoiaey ec yoiai, iiaoo auoue ii?aaeaeaiu e o?aaoaiua iaauee. Iaeioi?ua
ec yoeo iaaueia iaioaeaeeiu io oa?aeoa?a /aeiaaea, iaeioi?ua iiaoo auoue
i?eia?aoaiu. Iie aeeth/atho: i?aaiecaoeeiiiua niiniaiinoe; i?eiyoea
aeaiiiai iiaeoiaea ae?oaeie ethaeueie ia anao o?iaiyo; yia?ae/iinoue;
iiiu?aiea eieoeeaoeau; aeaeaae?iaaiea iieiiii/ee, oi?aaeaiea ethaeueie;
oaeoe/iinoue; naiiaeenoeeieeia.
?yinen Eeea?o, aia?eeaineee i?iecaiaenoaaiiue ineoieia, aian naie aeeaae
a eniieueciaaiea aiciiaeiinoae /aeiaaea. Eeea?o n/eoae, /oi aeey
aeinoeaeaiey iaeneioia i?eaueueiinoe, oi?ioeo o?oaeiauo ioiioaiee e
aunieie i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe eaaeaeay i?aaiecaoeey aeieaeia iioeiaeueii
eniieueciaaoue naie /aeiaa/aneea aeoeau. Oi?iie i?aaiecaoeee,
iicaieythuae aeinoe/ue yoiai, yaeyaony i?aaiecaoeey aunieiyooaeoeaiuo
?aai/eo a?oii, naycaiiuo ia?aeeaeueii n ae?oaeie aiaeiae/iuie
yooaeoeaiuie a?oiiaie.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy i?aaiecaoeee eiatho aieueoia ?aciiia?acea noeeae
?oeiaiaenoaa, eioi?ua Eeea?o eaeaioeoeoee?iaae neaaeothuei ia?acii.
Yenieoaoaoi?nei-aaoi?eoa?iua nenoaiu. A oaeeo nenoaiao ?aoaiey
iaaycuaathony iiae/eiaiiui; iioeaaoeey inouanoaeyaony iin?aaenoaii
oa?ic; aunoea o?iaie iaiaaeaeiaioa ianoo ia?iiioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue, a
iecoea – i?aeoe/anee ieeaeie; iaaeinoaoi/iay eiiioieeaaaeueiinoue.
Aeaaiaeaeaoaeueii-aaoi?eoa?iua nenoaiu. A oaeeo nenoaiao ?oeiaiaenoai
i?eieiaao oi?io nienoiaeeoaeueiie iiaee n?aaeiaai ia?niiaea; iioeaaoeey
– ca n/ao aiciaa?aaeaeaiey; oi?aaeai/aneee ia?niiae ianao
ioaaonoaaiiinoue, ii iecoea o?iaie – iao; iaeay eiiioieeaoeaiinoue,
ia?aie/aiiinoue a?oiiiaie ?aaiou.
Eiinoeueoaoeaiua nenoaiu. A oaeeo nenoaiao ?oeiaiaenoai inouanoaeyaony
ia/aeueieeaie, eioi?ua eiatho aieueooth, ii ia iieioth aa?o a naieo
iiae/eiaiiuo; iioeaaoeey – ca n/ao aiciaa?aaeaeaiey e iaeioi?iai
iiaeeeth/aiey e ?oeiaiaenoao; cia/eoaeueiay /anoue ia?niiaea, iniaaiii
ia aieaa aunieeo o?iaiyo, /oanoaoao ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca aeinoeaeaiea
oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee: nouanoaotho ii?aaeaeaiiua eiiioieeaoeaiua nayce
(eae aa?oeeaeueiua, oae e ai?eciioaeueiua); nouanoaoao n?aaeiee iauai
a?eaaaeiie ?aaiou.
Nenoaiu a?oiiiaiai o/anoey. A oaeeo nenoaiao ia/aeueieee iieiinoueth
aeiaa?ytho naiei iiae/eiaiiui; iioeaaoeey – ca n/ao yeiiiie/aneiai
aiciaa?aaeaeaiey, iniiaaiiiai ia oeaeyo, onoaiiaeaiiuo a oiaea o/anoey;
ia?niiae ia anao o?iaiyo /oanoaoao ?aaeueioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca oeaee
i?aaiecaoeee; nouanoaoao iiiai eiiioieeaoeaiuo naycae; eiathony
cia/eoaeueiua iauaiu ianoiie a?eaaaeiie ?aaiou.
Iineaaeithth nenoaio Eeea?o n/eoaao eaeaaeii aeey i?eaioe?iaaiiuo ia
i?eaueue i?aaiecaoeee e i?aaeeaaaao anai i?aaiecaoeeyi i?eiyoue yoo
nenoaio.
Aeey eciaiaiey i?aaiecaoeee Eeea?o auaeaeyao aeaaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee
yooaeoeaiiai iaiaaeaeiaioa, eioi?ua aeieaeiu auoue ?aaeeciaaiu ia
i?aeoeea.
Ai-ia?auo, iioeaaoeey e ?aaioa aeieaeia niioaaonoaiaaoue nia?aiaiiui
i?eioeeiai e niiniaai, a ia oieueei noa?ie nenoaia iiiu?aiey e
iaeacaiey.
Ai-aoi?uo, ?aaioieee ?anniao?eaathony eae ethaee, eiathuea naie
nianoaaiiua iio?aaiinoe, aeaeaiey e oeaiiinoe, e eo naiioaaaeaiea
aeieaeii ?anoe.
A-o?aoueeo, aeieaeiu auoue nicaeaiu oanii naycaiiua iaaeaeo niaie
aunieiyooaeoeaiua ?aai/ea a?oiiu.
Oioy o Eeea?oa aiaaoue i?iecaiaenoaaiiue iiuo e aai oai?ey aeoaiei
iao/ia, iiiaea n/eoatho, /oi i?aeoeea ii?iaa?aaao aa. Iie oeacuaatho ia
oi, /oi iaiaaeaeiaio a 80-a aiaeu /anoi ioiaeaeanoaeyeny n eiiiaieyie, a
eioi?uo aeiieie?iaaea neeueiay ee/iinoue.
Ae?oaoth eeanneoeeaoeeth ?oeiaiaenoaa eee noeeae oi?aaeaiey i?aaeeiaeeee
?iaa?o Aeyee e Aeaeyei Iooii ec Oaoanneiai oieaa?neoaoa.
«Naoea» yaeyaony iiiuoeie aiaeeca iaiaaeaea?ia enoiaey ec aeiiouaiey,
/oi nouanoaotho aeaa iaeanoe caaiou iaiaaeaea?ia: ethaee (aa?oeeaeueiay
inue naoee) e i?iecaiaenoai (ai?eciioaeueiay inue naoee). Ionthaea
ii?aaeaeyeanue aeiey a?aiaie, oaeaeyaiiai yoei iaeanoyi. Naoea iiaeao
eniieueciaaoueny ia?aeeaeueii n ineoieiae/aneeie oanoaie i iethnao e
ieionao iaiaaeaea?ia.
Naoea Aeyeea i?aaeeaaaao aeaayoue a?aaeaoeee ii iaaei inyi, aaea
aeaayoay yaeyaony iaeaunoae.
Aunieay 9 1-9
9-9
8
7
6
Caaioa 5
5-5
i ethaeyo 4
3
2
1 1-1
9-1
Ieceay
Ieceay
Caaioa i i?ieca iaenoaa
Aunieay
Caeanue aiciiaeiu neaaeothuea aa?eaiou:
iaiaaeaeiaio 1–1 (iaieuaaoee iaiaaeaeiaio n iayooaeoeaiui eniieiaieai e
eaieauie, eiaeeooa?aioiuie ?aaioieeaie);
iaiaaeaeiaio 1–9 (Aeyee iacuaaao aai «iaiaaeaeiaioii eaio?e-eeoaa»;
i?iecaiaenoai n/eoaaony ianouanoaaiiui, aeaaiia – oi?ioea
acaeiiioiioaiey);
iaiaaeaeiaio 5–5 (i?aaenoaaeyao n?aaeiaa a iaiaaeaeiaioa n
ii?aaeaeaiiuie caaioaie i i?iecaiaenoaa, ii i?e yoii ieeoi ia
eniieuecoao iieiinoueth naie iioaioeeae):
iaiaaeaeiaio 9–1 (yoio noeeue ?oeiaiaenoaa n aunieei o?iaiai caaiou i
i?iecaiaenoaa e ieceei o?iaiai caaiou i ethaeyo ecaanoai eae
«iaiaaeaeiaio caaea/»). A aeaiiie neooaoeee ?aaioieee ?anniao?eaathony
eae iaeay iauiinoue, a?iaea iai?oaeiaaiey. Iaei aieiaiey oaeaeyaony
iuneyi, ioiioaieth e /oanoaai ?aai/eo;
iaiaaeaeiaio 9–9 (yoi a?eaaaeiue iaiaaeaeiaio n aunieie yooaeoeaiinoueth
ca n/ao acaeiiaeaenoaey o?aaiaaiee ethaeae e i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo caaea/).
I?eia/aiea. Ia?aay oeeo?a icia/aao o?iaaiue caaiou i i?iecaiaenoaa.
Iaiaaeaea?neay naoea Aeyeea ia yaeyaony aaeeinoaaiiui iiaeoiaeii e
aeaiiie i?iaeaia. Aeueoa?iaoeaie yaeyaony o?ao inaaay oaaeeoea
?aaeaeeia, eioi?ay ?anoe?yao aeaoia?ioth naoeo Aeyeea ca n/ao
aeiaaaeaiey o?aoueaai oaeoi?a – yooaeoeaiinoe.(ni. I?eeiaeaiea ?en. 3)
Oeaio?aeueiui yeaiaioii a o?ao inaaie oai?ee iaiaaeaeiaioa yaeyaony
oeiieiaey ainueie noeeae iaiaaeaeiaioa, aicieeathueo eae ainaiue
aiciiaeiuo eiiaeiaoeee o?ao oaeoi?ia, iaicia/aiiuo ieaea.
I?eaioaoeey ia caaea/e – noaiaiue, aei eioi?ie iaiaaeaea? iai?aaeyao
nianoaaiiua oneeey e oneeey iiae/eiaiiuo ii aeinoeaeaieth oeaeae,
oa?aeoa?ecothueony ieaie?iaaieai, i?aaiecaoeeae
e eiio?ieai.
I?eaioaoeey ia ioiioaiey – noaiaiue, aei eioi?ie iaiaaeaea? eiaao
Ia?niiaeueiua ioiioaiey ii ?aaioa; oa?aeoa?ecoaony aeiaa?eai, oaaaeaieai
e eaeayi iiae/eiaiiuo e o/aoii eo /oanoa.
Yooaeoeaiinoue – noaiaiue, i?e eioi?ie iaiaaeaea? aeinoeaaao aunoeo
o?aaiaaiee, i?aaeuyaeyaiuo e aeaiiie aeieaeiinoe. *aou?a noeey –
ienneiia?, aaoie?ao, niaeaoaoaeue e aeaca?oe? – iaiaa yooaeoeaiu, /ai
ae?oaea /aou?a noeey: i?ia?anneno, aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiue aaoie?ao,
aaeieieno?aoi? e ath?ie?ao.
E?aoeia iienaiea iacaaiiuo ainueie noeeae e ?acee/ee iaaeaeo ieie
neaaeoao aeaeueoa.
Aaeieieno?aoi? – iaiaaeaea?, eioi?ue i?eaioe?iaai ia ?aoaiea
nouanoaaiiuo caaea/ e aunieee o?iaaiue acaeiiioiioaiee n o/aoii
neooaoeee, iaania/eaathuae i?eiyoea yooaeoeaiuo ?aoaiee.
Niaeaoaoaeue – iaiaaeaea?, eioi?ue i?eiaiyao aunieoth noaiaiue
i?eaioaoeee ia caaea/e e ia ioiioaiey a neooaoeee, eioi?ay
yoiai ia o?aaoao. Iiyoiio oaeie iaiaaeaea? iaiaa yooaeoeaai. Ii neaa a
i?eiyoee ?aoaiee, iicaieyao aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia naay ?acee/iui oaeoi?ai
aeaaeaiey e i?aaeii/eoaao eo/oa ieieiece?iaaoue nouanoaothuaa aeaaeaiea,
/ai iaeneiece?iaaoue i?iecaiaenoai a ia?niaeoeaa.
Aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiue aaoie?ao – iaiaaeaea?, eioi?ue i?eiaiyao aunieoth
noaiaiue i?eaioaoeee ia caaea/e e ieceoth noaiaiue i?eaioaoeee ia
ioiioaiey a neooaoeee, eioi?ay i?eaieao oaeia iiaaaeaiea;
neaaeiaaoaeueii, ii aieaa yooaeoeaai. Yoi /aeiaae, eioi?ue ciaao, /aai
oi/ao, e ciaao, eae iieo/eoue yoi, ia aucaaa iaeaeu eee iaaiaeiaaiey.
Aaoie?ao – iaiaaeaea?, eioi?ue i?eiaiyao aunieoth noaiaiue i?eaioaoeee
ia caaea/e e ieceoth noaiaiue i?eaioaoeee a neooaoeee, eioi?ay ia
i?eaieao oaeiai iiaaaeaiey; iiyoiio ii iaiaa yooaeoeaai. Yoi /aeiaae, ia
oaa?aiiue a ae?oaeo, iaaaaeeeaue e caeioa?aniaaiiue oieueei a oaeoueo
aeaeao.
I?ia?anneno – iaiaaeaea?, eioi?ue i?eiaiyao aunieoth noaiaiue
i?eaioaoeee ia ioiioaiey e ieceoth noaiaiue i?eaioaoeee 1 ia caaea/e
a neooaoeee, eioi?ay i?eaieao oaeia iiaaaeaiea, /oi aeaeaao aai aieaa
yooaeoeaiui. Yoi /aeiaae, eiathuee iieiia aeiaa?ea e ethaeyi e a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue icaai/aiiue eo ?acaeoeai eae ee/iinoae.
Ienneiia? – iaiaaeaea?, eioi?ue i?eiaiyao aunieoth noaiaiue i?eaioaoeee
ia ioiioaiey e ieceoth noaiaiue i?eaioaoeee ia caaea/e a neooaoeee,
eioi?ay ia i?eaieao oaeiai iiaaaeaiey, /oi aeaeaao aai iaiaa
yooaeoeaiui. Yoi /aeiaae, aeaaiui ia?acii caeioa?aniaaiiue a aa?iiiee.
Ath?ie?ao – iaiaaeaea?, eioi?ue i?eiaiyao ieceoth noaiaiue i?eaioaoeee
ia caaea/e e ia ioiioaiey a neooaoeee, eioi?ay i?eaieao oaeia
iiaaaeaiea, /oi aeaeaao aai aieaa yooaeoeaiui. Yoi /aeiaae, a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue caeioa?aniaaiiue a i?aaeeao e i?ioeaaeo?ao eae oaeiauo e
aeaeathuee oaeei ia?acii eiio?iee?iaaoue neooaoeeth aeey nianoaaiiie
auaiaeu. Yoi ca/anooth aeia?iniaanoiua ethaee.
Aeaca?oe? – iaiaaeaea?, eioi?ue i?eiaiyao ieceoth noaiaiue i?eaioaoeee
ia caaea/e e ia ioiioaiey a neooaoeee, eioi?ay ia i?eaieao oaeiai
iiaaaeaiey, /oi aeaeaao aai iaiaa yooaeoeaiui. Yoi ianneaiue /aeiaae.
Caeanue auee ?anniio?aiu eeoue iniiaiua, ii iaiaeiaaaeiua aii?inu. Oae
/oi i?e iino?iaiee i?aaiecaoeee aeieaeiu o/eouaaoueny oaeoi?u
ii?aaeaeythuea no?oeoo?o i?aaiecaoeee, a i?e i?eiyoee ?aoaiee
iiaaaeai/aneea oaeoi?u.
Eniieuecoaiay eeoa?aoo?a:
Aeai Oineeia. «Eo?n i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa», Iineaa 1993a.
2.I?eaiaeei A. E. «Nia?aiaiiay nioeeieiaey i?aaiecaoeee», Iineaa 1995a.
I?EEIAEAIEA
Iaicia/aiea I?aceaeaio ?oeiaiaeeoaeue
eeiaeiie (2) ioaeaea ieaie?iaaiey
i?aaiecaoeee ei?ii?aoeee
Oi?aaeythuee Oi?aaeythuee Oi?aaeythuee Oeiainiaue
Aee?aeoi?
i?iecaiaenoaii neoaeaie ioaeaeii aee?aeoi? ii
ia?eaoeiaa iao/ii-ennea- ia?niiaeo
aeiaaoaeueneeo
?aaio
Oi?aaeythuee Oi?aaeythuee
(2)
Oi?aaeythuee
i?iecaiaenoaii i?iecaiaenoaii ii aii?inai A
A eiiiuethoa?ecaoeee
(1)
(2) Oi?aaeythuee
neoaeaie
I?ioeann I?ioeann I?ioeann I?ioeann
?aoeeiiaeecaoeee
1 2 3 4
oi?aaeaiey
?en.1
I?eia/aiey:
1.I?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoeee A aeeth/aao a naay /aou?a oaoiieiae/aneeo
i?ioeanna. Eioi?iaoeey i eaaeaeii i?ioeanna iinooiaao oi?aaeythuaio
i?iecaiaenoaii A.
2.?oeiaiaeeoaeue ioaeaea ieaie?iaaiey ei?ii?aoeee, iaiaaeaea? ii
aii?inai eiiiuethoa?ecaoeee, ia/aeueiee neoaeau ?aoeeiiaeecaoeee
oi?aaeaiey yaeythony nio?oaeieeaie, caieiathueie aeieaeiinoe
?oeiaiaeyuaai aiia?aoa, ieacuaatho iiiiuue eee aeatho ?aeiiaiaeaoeee
eeiaeiui ?oeiaiaeeoaeyi.
?oeiaiaeeoaeue
(aee?aeoi?)
i?aaei?eyoey Ia/aeueiee
oi?aaeaiey iao/ii-
enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo
?aaio e ?ac?aaioie Oi?aaeythuee
neoaeaie
ia?eaoeiaa Aeaaiue
aooaaeoa?
Iaoa- Nai?i/ Ioaeae Ioaeae Ae. Oi?aaey-
Oi?aaeythuee Aooaaeoa? Aooaaeoa?-
ie/aneee iue ae. ae. eiino- thuee
neoaeaie ii o/aoo eaeueeoeyoi?
oeao oeao oeieea iaoaee- ?oeoi? neoaeaie
noeioee?i- oeiainia
o?aa
?aeeaiu aaiey
I?iaeo A
?oeiaiaeeoaeue
?en.2
i?iaeoa A
I?ia?anneno
Aaeieieno?aoi?
Ienneiia?
Niaeaoaoaeue
Ath?ie?ao
Aeia?iaeaea-oaeueiue
Aeaca?oe?
Aaoie?ao
?en 3
PAGE
PAGE 2
I?eaioaoeey
ia
ioiioaiey
Yooaeoeaiinoue
I?eaioaoeey ia
caaea/e
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