A I I I O A Oe E ss
Ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia ?acaeoey ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee, a iniaaiii a
e?eceniue ia?eiae i?iaeaia yooaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey oeiainiauo
enoi/ieeia i?aaei?eyoey noieo iniaaiii ino?i. A aeaiiie ?aaioa
?anniio?ai iiaue iiaeoiae e aii?ino e?aaeeoiaaiey oi?aiauo naeaeie,
oe?iei i?eiaiyaiue a ie?iaie i?aeoeea.
I?aaeeaaaaiay ?aaioa iicaieyao iieo/eoue aeinoaoi/ii
?acaa?iooia i?aaenoaaeaiea ia iia?aoeee oio?aoe?iaaiey.
A aeaiiie ?aaioa ?anniao?eaaaony i?eiaiaiea oi?oaoe?iaaiey eae
iiaiai aieaa yooaeoeaiiai niiniaa e?aaeeoiaaiey ia i?aaei?eyoee IAI «CI»
e iicaieyao aeiaeoueny eo/oeo ?acoeueoaoia oeiainiai- oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe aeaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey.
A A A Ae A I E A
I?aaeeaaaaiay ?aaioa iicaieyao iieo/eoue aeinoaoi/ii
?acaa?iooia i?aaenoaaeaiea ia iia?aoeee oi?oaoe?iaaiey -iaeiie ec
iaeaieaa oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo a ie?iaie i?aeoeea oi?ia n?aaeia- e
aeieain?i/iiai e?aaeeoiaaiey oi?aiauo naeaeie ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue
aeey ?innee – yoa iiaay i?ia?anneaiay oi?ia oeiaine?iaaiey oaeoueo
iio?aaiinoae i?aaei?eyoey, /oi aiai?eo i aunieie noaiaie aeioneaiinoe
aeaiiie oaiu ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia ia?aoiaea e ?uieo .
A ia?eiae aeanoeie oeaio?aeecaoeee yeiiiie/aneeo naycae,
o/anoea a e?aaeeoiuo iia?aoeeyo auei i?eaeeaaeae ia?aie/aiiiai /enea
iauanithciuo aiaoiaoi?aiauo iauaaeeiaiee , oi naaiaeiy oi?oaoe?iaaiea
caaeieaeaiiinoe iiaeao noaoue iaiouaieaiie /anoueth oeiaine?iaaiey aeey
nioai e ouny/ aeaoeai?aeece?iaaiiuo iinoaaueeia e iieoiaoaeae ni anao
oaieeia ?innee. Ionthaea e ia neo/aai anaaic?anoathuee eioa?an
?aaioieeia ?inneeneeo i?aaei?eyoee, i?aaiecaoeee e niaianoiuo
i?aaei?eyoee e iaeiecaanoiui aeey ieo e ?aiaa iaaeinooiiui oi?iai
oeiainiai- yeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Oeaeueth aeaiiie ?aaiou yaeyaony aeinoeaeaiea aieaa aunieeo
iieacaoaeae ?acoeueoaoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey IAI «CI» i?e
i?eiaiaiee i?ia?anneaiie iaoiaeeea oi?oaoe?iaaiey.
E oi?oaoe?iaaieth i?eaaaatho i?e i?iaeaaea eaeiai-eeai e?oiiiai
iauaeoa (eiiieaeoa iai?oaeiaaiey, i?aaei?eyoey, e?oiiie ia?oee oiaa?a).
A aeaeueiaeoai, ii ia?a oii?yaei/aiey e noaaeeecaoeee
yeiiiie/aneeo naycae iaaeaeo noauaeoaie oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe e
i?eia?aoaiey eie aieaa «oeeaeeeciaaiiuo» oi?i, oi?oaoe?iaaiey iaecaaaeii
iieo/eo ?ani?ino?aiaiea e a i?aaeaeao anae oa??eoi?ee ?innee.
Aiaeec oaeiai ?iaea naeaeee inouanoaeai a aeaiiie ?aaioa n
iiceoeee eaaeaeiai ec o/anoaothueo a iae aaaioia n o/aoii oeacaiiuo auoa
oeaeae. Neaaeoao iiae/a?eiooue, /oi eioa?anu noi?ii caeanue ia?aieaoaiu
a aieueoae ia?a, /ai yoi iiaeao iieacaoueny ia ia?aue acaeyae. A nayce n
yoei, aiaeece?oy iiceoeeth eaaeaeiai o/anoieea iia?aoeee, a ?an/ao
i?eieiaeenue eioa?anu inoaeueiuo o/anoieeia.
A aeeieiiiii i?iaeoa iinoaaeaiu e ?aoaiu neaaeothuea caaea/e:
i?iaaaeai aiaeec iniiaiuo iieacaoaeae aeayoaeueiinoe IAI « CI » e
auyaeai ?yae iaaeinoaoeia,
ii?aaeaeaia ?ieue iia?aoeee oi?oaoe?iaaiey,
i?aaeeiaeaiu ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii oeo/oaieth oeiainiaie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey.
Oioaeinue au, /oiau i?aaeeaaaaiay ?aaioa noaea naiaai ?iaea
aaciaui, iaiauathuei iaoa?eaeii e i?aeoe/aneei ?oeiaiaenoaii aeey
oeiainiauo iaiaaeaea?ia i?aaei?eyoee, i?aaeaea anaai, n oi/ee c?aiey
au?aaioee naaeaine?iaaiiiai iiaeoiaea e auai?o e eniieueciaaieth
iia?aoeee oi?oaoe?iaaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe aeey oeiaine?iaaiey oaeoueo
iio?aaiinoae i?aaei?eyoey.
NIA?AIAIIIA NINOIssIEA E I?EI?EOAOIUA
IAI?AAEAIEss ?ACAEOEss NENOAIU
IIO?AAEOAEUeNEIE EIIIA?AOeEE A ONEIAEssO
?UIEA
E?eceniay neooaoeey ia i?aaei?eyoeyo iio?aaeoaeueneie
eiiia?aoeee ?anioaeeee Ao?yoey iaoneiaeaia i?aaeaea anaai iaueie
iniaaiiinoyie ia?aoiaeiie yeiiiieee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee . Aianoa n
oai aiaeec oyaeaeiai oicyenoaaiiiai e oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey yoeo
i?aaei?eyoee, i?e/ei e oi?i aai i?iyaeaiey naeaeaoaeuenoaoao e ia iniaii
no?oeoo?ii-io?aneaaii oa?aeoa?a e?ecena a yoii naeoi?a yeiiiieee,
onoaoaeyaiiai ianoiuie i?iaeaiaie.
Aeey anao i?aaei?eyoee iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee oa?aeoa?iu
o?oaeiinoe n iinoaaeaie i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo e iai?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo
oiaa?ia ec-ca iaoaaoee iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa e ?ac?uaa noa?uo oicyenoaaiiuo
naycae, ni nauoii ia?a?aaioaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, cae?aaeeoiaaiiinoue,
i?iaeaia iaieaoaaeae, e?aeia aunieay noaiaiue eciina iai?oaeiaaiey,
iiaeieoeu (aeenia?eoao) oeai ia ia?a?aaioaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth ?ano?nu,
aeaaiui ia?acii ia yia?aiiineoaee, a oaeaea iaio?aaioaiiinoue aii?inia
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey e e?aaeeoiaaiey i?aaei?eyoee n o/aoii io?aneaaie
niaoeeoeee.
?acoeueoaoii iacaaiiuo i?e/ei yaeyaony eneeth/eoaeueii ieceee
eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae, iioa?e ?aai/aai
a?aiaie, ieceay iieaoa o?oaea, nie?auaiea ?aai/eo iano e iooie
?aaioieeia ec io?anee, iaaeaiea oiaa?iiai?ioa.
Aiaeec i?e/ei e oaeoi?ia oyaeaeiai oeiainiai-yeiiiie/aneiai
iieiaeaiey i?aaei?eyoee iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee Ao?yoee auyaee
neaaeothuea no?aoaae/aneea i?eioeeiu ia?niaeoeaiiai ?acaeoey io?anee a
?anioaeeea: oeaeaiai?aaeaiiia aicaeaenoaea ia e?eceniia?acothuea oaeoi?u
n iiiiuueth oeiainiauo e i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo ?u/aaia, iioeiaeueiia
ni/aoaiea eiaanoeoeeiiiuo e ia eiaanoeoeeiiiuo oaeoi?ia auaiaea
io?anee ec e?ecena, niaa?oainoaiaaiea iaeiaiaie e e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee (n
auoiaeii ia oaaea?aeueiua i?aaiu n niioaaonoaothueie i?aaeeiaeaieyie),
aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiue iiaeoiae e naiaoeee i?aaei?eyoee a caaeneiinoe io
eiie?aoiuo iieacaoaeae eo aeayoaeueiinoe.
Aeey auoiaea ec nicaeaaoaainy iieiaeaiey i?aaeaea anaai
iaiaoiaeeii iaania/eoue:
– oaoie/aneia ia?aaii?oaeaiea i?aaei?eyoee e iaiiaeaiea oiaa?iiai
anni?oeiaioa, o/eouaathuaa eiiuthieoo?o ni?ina ia oiaa?u ia?iaeiiai
iio?aaeaiey;
– niaa?oainoaiaaiea aeiaiai?iuo ioiioaiee n ?aaeiiaie ?innee e
no?aiaie NIA, iinoaaeythueie iaiaoiaeeioth i?iaeoeoeeth;
– ?aoaiea aii?inia eueaioiiai naciiiiai e?aaeeoiaaiey e
oaiiaeaiiiai ?aaeeia aeey i?aaei?eyoee iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee i?e
caeoieao i?iaeoeoeee (niaianoiuie niaeaniaaiiuie ia?aie oaaea?aeueiuo e
?anioaeeeaineeo i?aaiia aeanoe).
-oeiainiaoth aeecianiiniaiinoue nenoaiu. A /anoiinoe, iaiaoiaeeii
iaania/eoue enoi/ieee oeiaine?iaaiey aeey onei?aiey ?acaeoey aeciana e
?inoa a neooaoeee iinoiyiii oneeeaathuaeny eiieo?aioeee ia ?uiea.
Iineieueeo i?aaei?eyoey iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee eiatho
oeaee, ioee/iua io eiiiaiee, ?aaioathueo ia eiaanoi?ia (e, eae
?acoeueoao yoiai, – eiua oaeouea caaea/e, eioi?ua ninoiyo a iaania/aiee
naieo /eaiia ii?aaeaeaiiuie i?eaeeaaeyie),oi, i?e n?aaiaiee i?aaei?eyoey
iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee e eiiiaiee, i?eaioe?iaaiiie ia o/?aaeeoaey,
niaa?oaii iiiyoii, /oi e aii?inai oeiaine?iaaiey, eiioeaioeee
i?eaueueiinoe e ioeaiea oniaoia ioaeai ?acee/iue iiaeoiae. Iaiouaieaiay
caaea/a eiaanoeoeee a i?aaei?eyoee iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee –
?anoe?youe e?oa oneoa, aeinooiiuo aai /eaiai; a i?ioeanna
i?aaeinoaaeaiey oneoa aeioiae noaiiaeony i?iiaaeooi/iui i?iaeoeoii, a
oniao iiaeao aa?ii ioeaieaaoueny oieueei ii oiio, ianeieueei oi?ioi
i?aaei?eyoea ianeoaeeaaao naieo /eaiia.
Enoi/ieee oeiaine?iaaiey aeey i?aaei?eyoee iio?aaeoaeueneie
eiiia?aoeee aeieaeiu neeaaeuaaoueny ec eiaanoeoeee /eaiia
iio?aaeoaeueneeo iauanoa, aiaoieo eiaanoeoeee (caeiia), a oaeaea
iieo/aiiie i?eauee. A eaeaaea i?aaei?eyoey iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee
aeieaeiu oeiaine?iaaoueny naieie /eaiaie ia iniiaa oiai, /oi eaaeaeue
iaeuee i?aaeinoaaeyao ii?aaeaeaiiue eaieoae, aaee/eia eioi?iai caaeneo
io oiai, a eaeie ia?a aeaiiue iaeuee niae?aaony iieueciaaoueny oneoaaie
i?aaei?eyoey. Iaeiaei ia anaaaea aiciiaeii neaaeiaaoue yoiio i?aaeeo ai
anao i?aaei?eyoeyo iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee, oae eae /anoi neiaeii
i?aaeoaaaeaoue, a eaeie ia?a eiie?aoiue iaeuee aoaeao iieueciaaoueny
oneoaaie i?aaei?eyoey. E oiio aea, ii?ie ia i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui
inouanoaeoue oeiaine?iaaiea oieueei ca n/ao /eaiia iio?aaeoaeueneiai
iauanoaa.
Iau/ii i?e oeiaine?iaaiee i?aaei?eyoee iio?aaeoaeueneie
eiiia?aoeee i?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi ana iaeueee oi?ie?otho iniiaiie eaieoae
ia iniiaa i?eia?ii ?aaiuo aeeaaeia. I?aeiouanoai oaeiai ?iaea
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi ana /eaiu /oanoaotho iaeeiaeiaoth
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca oniao naiaai i?aaei?eyoey, e ia iiaeao aicieeiooue
neooaoeee, eiaaea iaeueee, eiaanoe?iaaaoea aieueoea noiiu ?aoatho, /oi
iie eiatho aieueoaa aeeyiea a oi?aaeaiee aeaeaie iio?aaeoaeueneiai
iauanoaa. Anee iaeueee iio?aaeoaeueneiai iauanoaa noa?athony
o/anoaiaaoue a oi?aaeaiee iauanoaii niioaaonoaaiii o?iaith eo
eiaanoeoeee, oaeia i?aaei?eyoea ia?anoaao auoue iio?aaeoaeueneei
iauanoaii, o iaai iiyaeythony i?eciaee aeoeeiia?iiai iauanoaa, Oaeaea
i?ienoiaeeo e a oii neo/aa, anee /eaiu iio?aaeoaeueneiai iauanoaa
auioaeaeaiu ia?auaoueny ca eiaanoeoeeyie e noi?iiiei eiaanoi?ai, eiaaea
iineaaeiea ia iieuecothony oneoaaie iauanoaa, a aai aeayoaeueiinoue eo
eioa?anoao oieueei eae eiaanoi?ia. Ei ia i?aaeinoaaeyaony i?aai aieina,
oae eae yoi eciaieo caaea/e i?aaei?eyoey.
Eiaanoeoeee, i?aaeinoaaeaiiua aiaoieie eiaanoi?aie, ia
yaeythueieny /eaiaie iio?aaeoaeueneiai iauanoaa, ia aeieaeiu
iiae?acoiaaaoue i?aai aieina e ia aeieaeiu aeaaaoue i?aai ia aeieth a
ethauo i?eaueyo, naeaeaiiuo iauanoaii. Oaeea eiaanoi?u iiaoo eeoue
?ann/eouaaoue ia iieo/aiea ?uii/iie i?ioeaioiie noaaee ca eniieueciaaiea
eo eaieoaea. Iineieueeo iio?aaeoaeueneia iauanoai aioiai ieaoeoue naiei
?aaioieeai ca?aaioioth ieaoo o/eouaay neooaoeeth, neiaeeaoothny ia
?uiea, oi iii oaeaea aeieaeii auiea/eaaoue ?uii/ioth i?ioeaioioth noaaeo
ii ethaiio eaieoaeo, eioi?ue iii eniieuecoao.
Eaieoae a aeaiiii neo/aa ioaeii ?anniao?eaaoue ia eae aeaiueae,
eioi?ua o?aoeo eo aeaaeaeaoe, a eae naa?aaeaiey, eioi?ua nnoaeeaathony
i?aaei?eyoeth, /oiau iii eniieueciaaei eo a naiae aeayoaeueiinoe, ca /oi
aeaaeaeaoe aeaiaa e iieo/aao aiciaa?aaeaeaiea. Anee a aeoeeiia?iii
iauanoaa aeaiiia aiciaa?aaeaeaiea iiaeao i?aaenoaaeyoue niaie
iaiin?aaenoaaiioth /anoue i?eauee eiiiaiee, oi a iio?aaeoaeueneii
iauanoaa yoi aiciaa?aaeaeaiea anaaaea aoaeao oeene?iaaiiie i?ioeaioiie
noaaeie.
A nia?aiaiiuo yeiiiie/aneeo oneiaeyo ?oeiaiaenoai ethaiai
i?aaei?eyoey iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee aeieaeii yooaeoeaii
eniieueciaaoue ana caaeaenoaiaaiiua n?aaenoaa, eia/a iii ia niiaeao
?aniea/eaaoueny ca eo eniieueciaaiea; yoi a ?aaiie noaiaie ioiineony e
eniieueciaaieth caiee, o?oaea e eaieoaea.
Aeey oeiaine?iaaiey i?aaei?eyoee iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee, eae
e ae?oaeo aeaeia i?aaei?eyoee, iaiaoiaeeiu ?acee/iua oi?iu eaieoaea.
Iau/ii /eaiu i?aaeinoaaeytho nianoaaiioth aeieth n?aaenoa eee ?eneiaue
eaieoae – yoi oa aeaiueae, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeiu aeey oeiaine?iaaiey
noaoae ?anoiaeia, o?aaothueo aeieain?i/iuo eiaanoeoeee, oaeeo eae
nii?oaeaiey e iai?oaeiaaiea. E?aoein?i/iua nnoaeu iiaoo eniieueciaaiu
aeey oeiaine?iaaiey noaoae ?anoiaeia, o?aaothueo aeaiueae ia iaiueoee
n?ie, oaeeo eae oiaa?iua caianu, eioi?ua i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey
?aaeecaoeee. Iaeiie ec caaea/ ?oeiaiaenoaa iio?aaeoaeueneiai iauanoaa
yaeyaony i?aaeeueiia ni/aoaiea aeieain?i/iiai e e?aoein?i/iiai eaieoaeia
aeey iaeiaiueoeo cao?ao ii oeiaine?iaaieth aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
Iio?aaeoaeueneia iauanoai, ?ann/eouaay ia nauo naieo oiaa?ia e oneoa ii
?uii/iui oeaiai, aeieaeii o/eouaaoue e oio oaeo, /oi aio i?aaenoieo
ieaoeoue ca eniieueciaaiea eaieoaea oaeaea ii ?uii/iui noaaeai.
*oi eanaaony i?eauee, oi iaeioi?ua ?anniao?eaatho oa?iei
«i?eaueue» eae /enoi yiioeeiiaeueiue oaeoi?, ooaa?aeaeay, /oi /eaiu
iio?aaeoaeueneiai iauanoaa ia iiaoo iieo/aoue i?eaueue io naieo naay,
iiyoiio a caiai aio eiiaaea oiio?aaeytho, – «inoaoie». Iaeiaei, i?e
oneiaee, /oi oa?iei «i?eaueue» iiieiaaony eae «i?aauoaiea aeioiaeia iaae
?anoiaeaie», noaiiaeony ynii, /oi eaaeaeia iio?aaeoaeueneia iauanoai
aeieaeii aeaeaoue i?eaueue, eia/a iii aoaeao ?aaioaoue a oauoie.
Iiaeao aaiaeeoue a caaeoaeaeaiea e oi, /oi iio?aaeoaeueneia
iauanoai eiiaaea iacuaatho «aani?eaueueiuie» i?aaiecaoeeyie, /oi ia
niioaaonoaoao aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Iio?aaeoaeueneea iauanoaa ia iiaoo
i?iaeieaeaoue naia nouanoaiaaiea, anee iie ?aaioatho a oauoie, iie
aeieaeiu ecaeaeaoue i?eaueue, ii ecaea/aiea i?eauee ia yaeyaony
iniiaaieai eo nouanoaiaaiey, eo oeaeueth yaeyaony i?aaeinoaaeaiea
ii?aaeaeaiiuo i?aeiouanoa naieie /eaiai.
I?eaueue ia oieueei iaiaoiaeeia aeey auaeeaaiey ethaiai
iio?aaeoaeueneiai iauanoaa, iia yaeyaony aaaeiui e?eoa?eai ioeaiee
yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa i?aaei?eyoey.
?acia? i?eauee, eioi?oth iaiaoiaeeii aeaeaoue ethaiio
iio?aaeoaeueneiio iauanoao, aeieaeai auoue aeinoaoi/iui iinea iie?uoey
oaeoueo ?anoiaeia, n oai /oiau iie?uaaoue ?enee ii oi?aaeaieth
i?aaei?eyoeai e iaania/eaaoue n?aaenoaa aeey aoaeoueo eiaanoeoeee.
Ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue i?aaei?eyoey iio?aaeoaeueneie
eiiia?aoeee i?aeoe/anee ia eiatho i?eauee, /oi iaaaoeaii neacuaaaony ia
aeaeaiee eae /eaiia iio?aaeoaeueneeo iauanoa, oae e aiaoieo eiaanoi?ia
aeeaaeuaaoue nthaea aeaiaaeiua ?ano?nu, a oaeaea yoi neeueii nieaeaao,
eee aeaaea aeaeaao iaaiciiaeiui, oaaee/aiea eaieoaea /a?ac nio?aiaiea
i?eauee. Iiyoiio ia yoaia noaiiaeaiey iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee
Ao?yoey a iiauo yeiiiie/aneeo oneiaeyo e auoiaea ec nicaeaaoaainy
iieiaeaiey iaiaoiaeeia iiiiuue ni noi?iiu i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo no?oeoo? a
aeaea aa?aioia e noaneaeee a ?acoiiuo i?aaeaeao. Oieeaeueiay ?ieue
iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee aeey oaeaeaiiuo naeueneeo ianoiinoae e aa
?ieue a iiiiue nio?aiaiey oai nioeeaeueiie eio?ano?oeoo?u aeieaeia auoue
i?eciaia e iaeioi?ua iiceoeaiua oaae a yoii iai?aaeaiee oaea
i?aaei?eiyou. Ianiio?y ia yoi, iiaeii i?aaeeiaeeoue aua ianeieueei
aiciiaeiinoae, eioi?ua I?aaeoaeuenoai ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e
?anioaeeee Ao?yoey iiaei au eniieueciaaoue aeey ieacaiey iiiiue
i?aaei?eyoeyi iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee:
– eneeth/eoue ec iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey oo /anoue i?eauee, eioi?ay
auiea/eaaaony /eaiai iio?aaeoaeueneie iauanoa, eeai eiui aiaoiei
eiaanoi?ai, a aeaea i?ioeaioa;
– eco/eoue aiciiaeiinoue nieaeaiey noaaie iaeiaia i?aaei?eyoeyi
iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee, a iniaaiiinoe a niioaaonoaothueo
aeai?anneaiuo yeiiiie/aneeo ciiao;
– i?iaeieaeeoue eco/aiea aiciiaeiinoe ioiaiu eeai nieaeaiey noaaie
nai?ia ia ii?aaeaeaiiua aeaeu cao?ao (aiciiaeii iiyoue eeoue a
niioaaonoaothueo aeai?anneaiuo yeiiiie/aneeo ciiao), iai?eia?, oiieeai,
ioiieaiea, ?aai/ea ianoa;
– eco/eoue nouanoaothuea aiciiaeiinoe nieaeaiey iaeiaiaiai a?aiaie
ia aeiaeaiea eaieoaea a ioaeaeaiiua naeueneea ianoiinoe;
– i?iaeieaeeoue eco/aiea aiciiaeiinoe nieaeaiey iaeiaia ia
nianoaaiiinoue a niioaaonoaothueo aeai?anneaiuo yeiiiie/aneeo ciiao,
aaea cia/aiea iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee aeey nio?aiaiey nioeeaeueiie
eio?ano?oeoo?u yaeyaony eneeth/eoaeueiui: naeueneea iaaaceiu, caaioiaee,
i?iecaiaenoai, ianeoaeeaaiea;
– eneeth/eoue ec iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey i?eauee no?aoiaua aciinu;
– i?yiia noaneaee?iaaiea (ii aeiaiai?o) ia aeecianiiniaiuo, ii
nioeeaeueii aaaeiuo aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe- o?ainii?oiua e neeaaeneea
cao?aou iaaaceiia a ioaeaeaiiuo naeueneeo ?aeiiao;
– eco/eoue nouanoaiaaiea aiciiaeiinoae aeey i?aaei?eyoee
iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee i?iaeaaaoue ecauoi/iua iniiaiua oiiaeu
(nianoaaiiinoue) ii noieiinoe ieaea ioeaii/iie.
Oeo/oaiea neooaoeee a yoie iaeanoe ianiiiaiii iiaea/ao
oeo/oaiea a no?oeoo?a eaieoaea eae /a?ac nianoaaiii nicaeaiey i?eauee,
oae e /a?ac caeioa?aniaaiiinoue /eaiia iio?aaeoaeueneeo iauanoa e
aiaoieo eiaanoi?ia a neeo ?inoa aa?aioee aaciianiinoe e aiciiaeiinoe
iieo/aiey i?ioeaioa ia aeiaeaiiua n?aaenoaa. Nicaeaiea e nio?aiaiea
i?eauee iiaeao iiiaia naeaeaoue a ieaia i?aaeinoaaeaiey iiaiai eaieoaea
aeey ?anoe?aiey e oeo/oaiey i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo oneoa. Iaeiaei, a ia?eiae
eioaineaiiai ?inoa oiiaeu ia iiaoo aeeoioee?iaaoueny aeinoaoi/ii auno?i.
A iiaeiaiuo neo/ayo i?aaei?eyoey iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee
noaeeeaathony n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth i?eaea/aiey iiaiai eaieoaea e
yaeythony iauai?eiyoui, oai aaea yoi aiciiaeii, eniieueciaaoue noaiu
i?eaea/aiey n?aaenoa iaeueeia iio?aaeoaeueneeo iauanoa, a ia aiaoieo
eiaanoi?ia, /oi iiaeao oaei?iaeeoue eaieoae e i?eaanoe a iioa?e
eiio?iey.
?aaeecaoeey ia?ii?eyoee ii ?acaeoeth ia?a?aaaouaathueo
i?aaei?eyoee iio?aaeoaeueneie eiiia?aoeee iicaieeo:
– inouanoaeoue no?oeoo?iua naeaeae a iieueco ia?a?aaaouaathueo
i?aaei?eyoee, iaania/ea ia yoie iniiaa nieaeaiea iioa?ue
naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai nu?uey, aieaa aeoaieoth aai ia?a?aaioeo e
ooeeecaoeeth ieoaoaeueiuo aauanoa, ?anoe?aiea anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoia
ieoaiey;
– inaieoue nia?aiaiiua i?ia?anneaiua oaoiieiaee ia?a?aaioee
naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai nu?uey;
– niaeaenoaiaaoue aieaa iieiie caiyoinoue naeueneiai ianaeaiey
iooai ?acaeoey oe?ieie naoe ieie- i?aaei?eyoee ii ia?a?aaioea
naeueneioicyenoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee ia naea e eo ?aaiiia?iiai
?ani?aaeaeaiey ii oa??eoi?ee Ao?yoee;
– iaania/eoue aieaa ?aaiiia?iia ii naciiai niaaaeaiea ianaeaiey
?anioaeeee ea?oioaeai e iaiuaie a ia?a?aaioaiiii aeaea;
– niaeaenoaiaaoue ?acaeoeth ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee, eeeaeaeaoeee
iiiiiieecia caaioiaeoaeueiuo e ia?a?aaaouaathueo i?aaei?eyoee iooai
oi?ie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey iiiaieaiaeueiie nenoaiu ia?a?aaioee,
?ani?aaeaeaiey e nauoa aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee.
?acaeoea ?uii/iie eio?ano?oeoo?u a nenoaia iio?aaeoaeueneie
eiiia?aoeee aoaeao inouanoaeyoueny ia eiiia?aoeaiie iniiaa ca n/ao
?anoe?aiey aacu oe?iaiiie ?icie/iie oi?aiaee, nicaeaiey nenoaiu
oi?aiai-caeoii/iuo oe?i n eiaeono?eae ni?oe?iaee, ioeaaeaeaiey,
oiaeiaee, o?aiaiey e ia?a?aaioee naeueneioicyenoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee e
oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey, oi?ie?iaaiey iioiauo i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo
?uieia, nicaeaiey oiaa?iie ae?aee, iaania/aiey naeueneioicyenoaaiiui
oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeyi aani?aiyonoaaiiiai auoiaea ia ?uiie, nicaeaiey e
i?eiaiaiea aaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo nenoai, ioaaouaathueo
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeae , i?aaei?eyoey iioiaie e
?icie/iie oi?aiaee e ae?.
Ia?niaeoeaiui iai?aaeaieai ?acaeoey ?uii/iie eio?ano?oeoo?u
yaeyaony nicaeaiea naoe iioiauo ?uieia, eioi?ua iicaieytho:
– nie?aoeoue yoaiu aeaeaeaiey oiaa?ia io oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeae aei
?icie/iie oi?aiaee n ieieiaeueiui eiee/anoaii ia?aaaeie e iin?aaeieeia;
– nicaeaoue aeueoa?iaoeaiua eaiaeu ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee,
oi?inoeoue i?ioeaaeo?o iienea iieoiaoaey e i?iaeaaoea.
I?aaeoniao?eaaaony eioaa?aoeey oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeae anao oi?i
nianoaaiiinoe e oicyenoaiaaiey a iauaaeeiaiey n iieiui oeeeeii
i?iecaiaenoaa e ?aaeecaoeee eiia/iie i?iaeoeoeee, a oaeaea onoaiiaeaiea
nenoaiu aioo?aiieo oeai, iaania/eaathuae i?eia?ii ?aaiue aeioiae ia
aaeeieoeo cao?ao.
OAEOEEA OEIAINIAIAI IAIAAeAEIAIOA:
OI?OAOE?IAAIEA EAE NIINIA OEIAINE?IAAIEss
OAEOUEO IIO?AAIINOAE I?AAeI?EssOEss
OAI?EOE*ANEEA ANIAEOU E INIAAIIINOE I?EIAIAIEss
NENOAIU OI?OAEOIIAI OI?AAEAIEss A ONEIAEssO ?UIEA
Iiae iia?aoeeae oi?oaoe?iaaiey iau/ii i?eiyoi iacuaaoue
i?eia?aoaiea aac i?aaa ia?aoiiai o?aaiaaiey e i?iaeaaoeo (iinoaaueeo
oiaa?a) ieaoaaeiuo iaycaoaeuenoa, i?aeiouanoaaiii a oi?ia i?inouo
aaenaeae, auoaeathueo ec eiie?aoiuo oi?aiauo naeaeie.
A iia?aoeeyo oi?oaoe?iaaiey o/anoaotho o?e noi?iiu :
Aaie – oi?oaeoi?- niaoeeaeece?iaaiiia e?aaeeoii- oeiainiaia
o/?aaeaeaiea, iieoiathuaa ieaoaaeiua iaycaoaeuenoaa eee n/aoa – oaeoo?u
o naieo eeeaioia;
Eeeaio (iinoaauee oiaa?a, e?aaeeoi?) – i?iiuoeaiiay eee oi?aiaay oe?ia,
caeeth/eaoay niaeaoaiea n aaieii- oi?oaeoi?ii;
I?aaei?eyoea (caaiuee) – oe?ia -iieoiaoaeue oiaa?a.
Acaeiiioiioaiey iaaeaeo yoeie noi?iiaie i?aaenoaaeaiu
neaaeothuei ia?acii:
_________Aaenaeueiay noiia iineaaeiaaoaeueiuie
ieaoaaeaie__________________
! oiaa? oeaia
oiaa?a !
iieoiaoaeue i?iaeaaaoe
aaie- oi?oaeoi?
oiaa?a ii?ooaeue oiaa?a ii?ooaeue
aaenaeae aaenaeae
?en. ? Noaia o/anoieeia iia?aoeee ii oi?oaoe?iaaieth caaeieaeaiinoe
I?e o/aoa ii?ooaey aaenaeae eeai, i?eia?aoathuaa ieaoaaeiua
iaycaoaeuenoaa (aaie oi?oaeoi?),aaconeiaii ioeacuaaaony io naiaai
caeiiiiai i?aaa i?aaeuyaeyoue ia?aoiua o?aaiaaiey e ethaiio ec
i?aaeoanoaothueo aeaaeaeueoeaa neoaeauae i?aaeiaoii naeaeee
caaeieaeaiiinoe, /oi aeinoeaaaony aeeth/aieai a eiaeinnaiaio (o.a.
ia?aaeaoi/ioth iaaeienue ia aaenaea) iaiai?ee oeia «aac iai?ioa ia
iaiy», «aac i?aaa ia?aoiiai o?aaiaaiey». I?iaeaaoeii oi?oaoe?oaiuo
i?inouo aaenaeae iau/ii aunooiaao iinoaauee oiaa?a, i?eiyaoee
oeacaiiua ieaoaaeiua iaycaoaeuenoaa a iieioth eee /anoe/ioth iieaoo
noieiinoe iinoaaeaiiuo ei oiaa?ia e no?aiyueeny ia?aonooieoue ana ?enee
e ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca eieannaoeeth (iieaoo) eiathuaeny caaeieaeaiiinoe
oeiainiaiio iin?aaeieeo (aaieo -oi?oaeoi?o) ia oneiaeyo iaiaaeeaiiie
iieaou. Oaeei ia?acii, i?ienoiaeeo iiaeeecaoeey iinoaaueeii oiaa?a naieo
?ano?nia, a?aiaiii ioaea/aiiuo ia i?aaeinoaaeaiea iieoiaoaeth ?ann?i/ee
ieaoaaea.
Aiciiaeiinoue eieanne?iaaiey aeaaeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe, o.a.
iieo/aiey aeaiaa ii iaiiea/aiiui o?aaiaaieyi e n/aoai- oaeoo?ai,
iniaaiii i?eaeaeaoaeueia aeey iaeeeo e n?aaeieo i?aaei?eyoee, eai eiaiii
o ieo i?iaeaia a?aiaiiiai iaaeinoaoea eeeaeaeiuo n?aaenoa e ia
aeiiieo/aiey i?eauee ec-ca iaieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe aeieaeieeia noieo
iaeaieaa ino?i. Iieaciinoue oi?oaoe?iaaiey aeey i?aaei?eyoee a ia?ae/iue
ia?eiae eo nicaeaiey e ia/aea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe o?oaeii
ia?aioeaieoue.
E?aaeeoi?neay caaeieaeaiiinoue iieoiaoaeae oiaa?ia /aua anaai
iaeaeaaony a oi?io i?inouo aaenaeae, oioy oai?aoe/anee i?aaeiaoii
oi?oaoe?iaaiey iiaeao neoaeeoue ii nouanoao ethaay oi?ia
caaeieaeaiiinoe. A iniiaa iia?aoeee oi?oaoe?iaaiey iiaoo eaaeaoue oaeaea
n/aoa aeaaeoi?ia e ?ann?i/ee ieaoaaeae, yaeythueony neaaenoaeai
eniieueciaaiey aee?aaeeoeaiie oi?iu ?an/aoia, iaeiaei oaeea neo/ae
ano?a/athony cia/eoaeueii ?aaea. I?aiaeaaeaiea a oi?oaoe?iaaiee i?inouo
aaenaeae iaoneiaeaii eo aeaaiei eniieueciaaieai a ea/anoaa n?aaenoaa
e?aaeeoiaaiey oi?aiauo iia?aoeee, a oaeaea i?enouae ei i?inoioie
ioi?ieaiey. Ia naiii aeaea auai? eiie?aoiiai eino?oiaioa e?aaeeoa,
eioi?ue aoaeao eniieueciaai a eaaeaeii ioaeaeueiii neo/aa,
i?aaeii?aaeaeyaony ?yaeii niia?aaeaiee th?eaee/aneiai e yeiiiie/aneiai
ii?yaeea, e eioi?ui a?yae ee i?eiaieiu eaeea au oi ie auei iauea
caeiiiia?iinoe.
A oao neo/ayo, eiaaea iieoiaoaeue oiaa?a ia yaeyaony
ia?aieeanniui aeieaeieeii n aacoi?a/iie oeiainiaie ?aiooaoeeae, ethaay
caaeieaeaiiinoue, neoaeauay i?aaeiaoii oi?oaoe?iaaiey, aeieaeia
nii?iaiaeaeaoueny aeiiieieoaeueiui iaania/aieai a oi?ia aaaey eee
aaconeiaiie aaieianeie aa?aioee, i?eaieaiui aeey aaiea – oi?aeoi?a.
Aaaeiinoue oeacaiiiai niia?aaeaiey iaoneiaeaia oai, /oi yoe iia?aoeee
aace?othony ia i?eioeeia aac?aa?anniinoe ( o.a. ioeaca io i?aaa
ia?aoiiai o?aaiaaiey). A iiaeiaiuo oneiaeyo oi?oaeoi? auioaeaeai
iieaaaoueny ia oaeoth aaieianeoth aa?aioeth eae ia aaeeinoaaiiia
iaania/aiea ii i?aaeinoaaeyaiua ei e?aaeeoai.
E?aaeeou a oi?oaoe?iaaiee ii naiie naiae i?e?iaea yaeythony
iia?aoeeyie aeieain?i/iuie . Ia i?aeoeea yoi icia/aao, /oi n?iee
e?aaeeooaiie caaeieaeaiiinoe iiaoo aa?uee?iaaoueny a i?aaeaeao io
iaeiiai aei naie eao, iaeiaei, eiie?aoiua eeieou aeey eaaeaeiai
ioaeaeueii acyoiai neo/ay aoaeoo ii?aaeaeyoueny naiei aaieii-
oi?oaeoi?ii enoiaey ec oaeouae eiiuthieoo?u ?uiea e aai nianoaaiiie
ioeaiee oao ?eneia, n eioi?uie nii?yaeaiu niioaaonoaothuea naeaeee.
I?eia?aoaiea i?aaeeaaaaiuo e oi?oaoe?iaaieth aeieaiauo eee
ieaoaaeiuo iaycaoaeuenoa i?iecaiaeeony iooai eo o/aoa, o.a. iin?aaenoaii
aaainiaiai aceiaiey i?ioeaioia ca aanue n?ie iieueciaaiey e?aaeeoii, ii
ca?aiaa onoaiiaeaiiie oeene?iaaiiie o/aoiie noaaea. A ?acoeueoaoa
naeaeee iinoaauee oiaa?a iaiaaeeaiii iieo/aao aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa e
ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue eeoue ca oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiia auiieiaiea naieo
iaycaoaeuenoa ii iinoaaea oiaa?ia, a ana inoaeueiua ?enee aaoiiaoe/anee
i?eieiaao ia naay aaie -oi?oaeoi?. Eiaiii iineaaeiaa niia?aaeaiea
ia?yaeo n oeene?iaaiiui oa?aeoa?ii o/aoiuo noaaie e aeaeaao
oi?oaoe?iaaiea aanueia i?eaeaeaoaeueiui aeey iinoaaueeia oiaa?ia
(iniaaiii, anee ?a/ue eaeao i iinoaaeao iaoei e iai?oaeiaaiey), oioy
eiiaaea e ianeieueei aei?iainoiyuei n oi/ee c?aiey e?aoein?i/iie
ia?niaeoeau (a oii neo/aa, eiaaea iinoaauee iieo/aao noiio iaiueooth,
/ai auea iaiai?aia a eiio?aeoa).
Eiaaea oeaeaniia?acii i?eaaaaoue e oi?oaoe?iaaieth?
Oi?oaoe?iaaiea, ?aaii eae e o/ao aaenaeae, eiaao niune
i?eiaiyoue, eiaaea auaiaea io iaiaaeeaiiiai iinooieaiey aeaiaa aieueoa,
/ai io eo iieo/aiey a naie n?ie. Yoi iau/ii auaaao i?e neaaeothueo
ianoiyoaeuenoaao :
– I?aaei?eyoea eiaao aiciiaeiinoue i?eiaiaiey n?aaenoa n
?aioaaaeueiinoueth, i?aauoathuae noaaeo o/aoiiai i?ioeaioa e /eee
noieiinoue (a i?ioeaioao) oi?oaeoeiaiauo oneoa (eiienneth e ieaoo ca
i?aaeinoaaeaiiua a e?aaeeo n?aaenoaa). Oaeia n?aaiaiea iaiaoiaeeii
i?iaiaeeoue n o/aoii a?aiaiiie noieiinoe aeaiaa, e eeoue i?e
iiiaie?aoiii, niaa?oaiii i/aaeaeiii i?aainoiaenoaa ?aioaaaeueiinoe
iioaioeeaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa, a oaeaea eiaaea ?a/ue eaeao i
/?acau/aeii ei?ioeeo ia?eiaeao, iiaeii ia ia?auaoueny e aeiiieieoaeueiui
?an/aoai.
– Iioa?e io eioeyoeee a?icyo i?aauneoue ?anoiaeu ii o/aoo aaenaeae
e/eee oi?oaoe?iaaieth. Iaaei n?aaieoue noaaeo yoeo ?anoiaeia n
i?iaiice?oaiui o?iaiai eioeyoeee (e oi, e ae?oaia – a i?ioeaioao ca
?anniao?eaaaiue ia?eiae). Anee o?iaaiue eioeyoeee ieaaeaony auoa, oi
a?yae ee aoaeao eiaoue niune aeiaeeaeaoueny aeiaiai?iiai n?iea iieaou.
– Iaoaaoeo iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa, aicieeathuoth aneaaenoaea ion?i/ee
ieaoaaea iieoiaoaeai, iaaiciiaeii iie?uoue aaieianeei e?aaeeoii ec-ca
aei?iaiaeciu iineaaeiaai. Noieiinoue e?aaeeoa i?aauoaao aaieianeee
o/aoiue i?ioeaio e noieiinoue oi?oaoe?iaaiey.
ENOI?Ess AICIEEIIAAIEss IIA?AOeEE OI?OAOE?IAAIEss
Aicieeiiaaiea iia?aoeee oi?oaoe?iaaiey ioiineony e ia?eiaeo
nouanoaaiiuo eciaiaiee a no?oeoo?a e eiiuthieoo?a iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
oi?aiaee a eiioea 50-o – ia/aea 60-o aiaeia, eiaaea oneiaey ?aaeecaoeee
i?iaeoeoeee iinoaiaiii ec ?uiea i?iaeaaoea i?aa?aoeeenue a ?uiie
iieoiaoaey. I?ienoiaeeaoaa a oi a?aiy cia/eoaeueiia oaaee/aiea iauaiii
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie oi?aiaee nii?iaiaeaeaeenue oneeaieai n?aaee eiii?oa?ia
oaiaeaioeee aeiaeaaoueny iieo/aiey e?aaeeoiaaiey ia n?iee, i?aauoathuea
o?aaeeoeeiiiua 90 eee 180ueaeaie. Yoi a?aiy oaeaea oa?aeoa?ecoaony
iinoaiaiiie ioiaiie oi?aiauo ia?aie/aiee, aicieeoeo a ia?eiae iieeoeee
«oieiaeiie aieiu» a ia/aea 50- o aiaeia. Aiciaiiaeaiea aeoeaiuo oi?aiauo
acaeiiioiioaiee caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneeo ainoaea?noa n nioeeaeenoe/aneeie
no?aiaie, iiauoaiea cia/aiey eo oi?aiaee n ?acaeaathueieny no?aiaie
Acee, Ao?eee e Eaoeineie Aia?eee iinoaaeee ia?aae caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneeie
yenii?oa?aie ?yae aeiiieieoaeueiuo oeiainiauo i?iaeai. E?iia oiai,
aeoeaecaoeey aeaenoaee caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneeo no?ai ia iiauo ?uieao nauoa
i?eoeanue ia ia?eiae ?inoa i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo eiaanoeoeee oe?i-
yenii?oa?ia, /oi a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a ia?aie/eei nianoaaiiua
aiciiaeiinoe yenii?oa?ia ii i?aaeinoaaeaieth iieoiaoaeyi n?aaeian?i/iuo
e aeieain?i/iuo eiiia?/aneeo e?aaeeoia. Aeaei a oii, /oi no?oeoo?a
oeiainiauo iia?aoeee ia o?aaeeoeeiiiuo aeaiaaeiuo ?uieao ia ioaa/aea eo
aic?inoei iio?aaiinoyi a caaiiuo n?aaenoaao e oneiaeyi i?eaea/aiey
iineaaeieo. A ?acoeueoaoa a ia/aea 60- o aiaeia e aiciee oaiiiai
«oi?oaeoiiai e?aaeeoiaaiey» eae iaeei ec iooae oaeiaeaoai?aiey aic?inoeo
iio?aaiinoae a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii e?aaeeoa.
Ia?aiia/aeueii oeaio? iiaeiaiiai ?uiea noi?ie?iaaeny a
Oaaeoea?ee, aaea enoi?e/anee ca?iaeaeaeanue iiiaea iiaua oi?iu
aaieianeiai e?aaeeoiaaiey iaaeaeoia?iaeiie oi?aiaee, a ia?aui ec e?oiiuo
caiaaeiuo aaieia aeeth/eeny a oi?oaoe?iaaiea oaaeoea?neee oeiainiaue
eieinn «E?aaee Nthenn» . Ii ia?a aeaeueiaeoaai ?inoa yoiai ?uiea e
aeeaa?neoeeaoeee i?iaiaeeiuo ia iai iia?aoeee noaei ynii, /oi
oi?oaoe?iaaiea noaiiaeony niaa?oaiii naiinoiyoaeueiie e aanueia
aeeiaie/iie iaeanoueth aaieianeiai e?aaeeoiaaiey, o?aaothuae aeinoaoi/ii
aunieiai o?iaiy niaoeeaeecaoeee a ?aieao o?aaeeoeeiiii neiaeeaoaeny
no?oeoo?u aaieianeeo iia?aoeee. Ia?yaeo n iaoeeiiiui ?inoii /enea
iauaeoia iioaioeeaeueiiai e?aaeeoiaaiey i?ienoiaeeea e aeeaa?neoeeaoeey
iai?aaeaiee oaeiai e?aaeeoiaaiey, /oi anei?a ii?iaeeei iio?aaiinoue a
nicaeaiee niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo oeiainiauo o/?aaeaeaiee, eae au
«ioii/eiauaathueony» io naieo «iaoa?eineeo» aaieia. E oaea a 1965 a.
«E?aaee Nthenn» nicaeae naie niaoeeaeece?iaaiiue ia iia?aoeeyo ii
oi?oaoe?iaaiea caaiaaaei naaa i?i/iua iiceoeee a eiiaeiineii Neoe, a
caoai e a ae?oaeo caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneeo oeiainiauo oeaio?ao. Aeoeaiia
o/anoea a iia?aoeeyo oi?oaoe?iaaiey o?aaeeoeeiiii i?eieiaee
Aiaoyeiiiiaaie e niaaoneea aaiee ca a?aieoeae.
INIIAIUA INIAAIIINOE OI?OAOE?IAAIEss
Oa?aeoa?iua /a?ou oi?oaoe?iaaiey i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui
noi?ioee?iaaoue neaaeothuei ia?acii:
– acaeiinaycue n ?aaeueiuie oi?aiauie iia?aoeeyie;
– Oi?oaoe?oaiay caaeieaeaiiinoue ioi?ieyaony n?aaeia- eee
aeieain?i/iui ieaoaaeiuie iaycaoaeuenoaaie, iai?eia?, i?inouie
aaenaeyie;
– e?aaeeoiaaiea inouanoaeyaony ia aeeneiioiie iniiaa, o.a. iooai
o/aoa oiiiyioouo ieaoaaeiuo iaycaoaeuenoa;
– i?ioeaioiay noaaea ii i?aaeinoaaeyaiui e?aaeeoai yaeyaony
oeene?iaaiiie;
– e?aaeeoiaaiea inouanoaeyaony i?aeiouanoaaiii ia aeieain?i/iie
iniiaa (eae i?aaeei, ia n?ie io iaeiiai aei iyoe eao);
– /aua anaai oi?oaoe?iaaiea naycaii n i?iaeaaeaie iaoei,
iai?oaeiaaiey e ae?oaeo oiaa?ia eiaanoeoeeiiiiai iacia/aiey.
IAOEA AII?INU OI?OAOE?IAAss
a) ii?yaeie iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa
Iieoiaoaeue oiaa?a, iieo/eaoee aeieain?i/iue e?aaeeo ia iieaoo
iinoaaeaiiuo oiaa?ia, eae i?aaeei, no?aieony ?aaiiia?ii ?ani?aaeaeeoue
aai iiaaoaiea a oa/aiea anaai n?iea e?aaeeoa, aeiaeaaynue oai naiui
?ann?aaeioi/aiey ai a?aiaie /eneyuaeny o iaai ia aaeaina
caaeieaeaiiinoe. A ?acoeueoaoa yoiai i?ienoiaeeo nie?auaiea n?aaeiaai
n?iea e?aaeeoa a oeaeii e iaeioi?ia nieaeaiea oao ?eneia, n eioi?uie
nii?yaeaii aai i?aaeinoaaeaiea aeey e?aaeeoi?a. Iiaaoaiea aicieeathuae
caaeieaeaiiinoe ianeieueeeie ?aaiuie ieaoaaeaie i?eiyoi n/eoaoue
iaeaieaa i?eaieaiie oi?iie iiaaoaiey.
A oao neo/ayo, eiaaea caaeieaeaiiinoue ioi?ieaia i?inouie
aaenaeyie, iiaaoaiea caaeieaeaiiinoe aeinoeaaaony iooai auienee ia?oee
aaenaeae n ?aciuie n?ieaie ieaoaaea, eae i?aaeei, ?ani?aaeaeaiiuie /a?ac
oanoeiany/iua eioa?aaeu. A ?acoeueoaoa oi?oaoe?oaiue «ii?ooaeue»
ieaoaaeiuo iaycaoaeuenoa iiaeao, iai?eia?, aeeth/aoue 10 i?inouo
aaenaeae, auienaiiuo ia ?aaiua noiiu, i?e/ai n?ie ieaoaaea ii ia?aiio ec
ieo ianooieo /a?ac oanoue ianyoeaa iinea aeaou ioa?ocee oiaa?ia, a ii
iineaaeiaio- /a?ac iyoue eao io oie aea aeaou.
a ) o/ao aaenaeae
Aaenaey aeieaeiu auoue eiaeinne?iaaiu (o.a. eiaoue
ia?aaeaoi/ioth iaaeienue) iinoaaueeii oiaa?a a iieueco aaiea –
oi?oaeoi?a , eioi?ue caoai au/eoaao noieiinoue i?aaeinoaaeyaiiai
oeiaine?iaaiey ca aanue ia?eiae aeaenoaey e?aaeeoa ec niaieoiiiai
iiieiaea auienaiiuo aaenaeae, a ?acieoeo auiea/eaaao iinoaaueeo
iaiaaeeaiii. N oi/ee c?aiey iinoaaueea oiaa?a naeaeea iieiinoueth
caaa?oaia, iineieueeo aio iiea/aia any noieiinoue iinoaaeaiiuo ei
oiaa?ia. Oaeei ia?acii, ii inaiaiaeaeai io eaeeo au oi ie auei
iaycaoaeuenoa a ioiioaiee inoathuaeny iaiiaaoaiiie caaeieaeaiiinoe
iieoiaoaey, oae eae a ia?aaeaoi/ioth iaaeienue (eiaeinnaiaio) aeeth/aia
iaiai?ea «aac iai?ioa ia iaiy» («aac i?aaa ia?aoiiai o?aaiaaiey»). Aaie
-oi?oaeoi? aea nio?aiyao o/oaiiua ei iaycaoaeuenoaa a naiai «ii?ooaea»
e iiaeao i?aaeuyaeoue eo e iieaoa ii i/a?aaee, o.a. ii ia?a ianooieaiey
niioaaonoaothueo n?ieia ieaoaaeae, eeai iiaeao i?eaea/ue ia?aie/aiiia
/enei einoeoooeeiiaeueiuo eee /anoiuo eiaanoi?ia e o/anoeth (ia
aiaeiae/iuo oneiaeyo) a aieaa e?oiiuo naeaeeao.
AEAeU E?AAeEOII-?AN*AOIUO EINO?OIAIOIA
a) i?inoie aaenaeue (ia?aaiaeiie aaenaeue- o?aooa)
Eae oaea ioia/aeinue, iiaeaaeythuaa aieueoeinoai oi?oaoe?oaiuo
ieaoaaeiuo iaycaoaeuenoa iaeaeathony a oi?io eeai i?inoiai aaenaey,
auienuaaaiiai aeieaeieeii a iieueco aaiaoeoeea?a, eeai ia?aaiaeiiai
aaenaey, aunoaaeyaiiai aaiaoeoeea?ii ia aeieaeieea e aeoeaiooaiiai
iineaaeiei. I?aeiouanoai yoeo oeiia ioi?ieaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe
iaoneiaeaii, i?aaeaea anaai, aeaoiy niia?aaeaieyie. Ai- ia?auo, eo
o?aaeeoeeiiiinoueth, iineieueeo aeaiiua aeaeu aeieaiauo iaycaoaeuenoa
iianaianoii eniieueciaaeenue a ie?a ii nouanoao aua ni n?aaeieo aaeia.
Aeeeoaeueiue iiuo ?aaiou n iiaeiaiuie aaenaeyie iicaieyao anai noi?iiai
aeinoaoi/ii i?inoi iia?e?iaaoue eie e a eiia/iii n/aoa aei i?aaeaea
iaeaa/aao e oi?iuaao niaa?oaiea naeaeie.
Ai-aoi?uo, i?aeiouanoaii yaeyaony iauai?eiyoay a
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie i?aeoeea th?eaee/aneay i?aaiaay iniiaa, aace?othuayny
ia «Iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo eiiaaioeeyo ii eiiia?/aneei aaenaeyi» (i?eiyouo ia
AEaiaaneie eiioa?aioeee a 1930 a.), eioi?ua eae au noi?ioee?iaaee
i?eioeeiu aeaenoaey noi?ii. Oioy oeacaiiua eiiaaioeee oi?iaeueii auee
iiaeienaiu eeoue no?aiaie o/anoieoeaie eiioa?aioeee, iie aeaee ie?o oa
iniiaiiieaaathuea i?eioeeiu, eioi?ua aiineaaenoaee aiieioeeenue a
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa aieueoeinoaa no?ai, yaeythueony o/anoieoeaie
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai oiaa?iiaiaia.
a ) aeaaeoi?neay caaeieaeaiiinoue, n/aoa aeaaeoi?ia (aee?aaeeoea)
Ae?oaeie e?aaeeoiuie eino?oiaioaie, eioi?ua iiaoo noaoue
i?aaeiaoii oi?oaoe?iaaiey, yaeythony iaycaoaeuenoaa aeaaeoi?ia ii n/aoai
e aee?aaeeoeaai. Iaeiaei eo eniieueciaaiea a iia?aoeeyo oi?oaoe?iaaiey
ano?a/athony ai?acaei ?aaea, iineieueeo a yoii neo/aa oneiaey naeaeie
nouanoaaiii oneiaeiytho e o?aaotho io anao o/anoieeia aeaoaeueiiai
ciaiey th?eaee/aneie e aeaeiaie i?aeoeee. E?iia oiai, a ioiioaiee
eniieueciaaiey iiaeiaiuo oi?i iao neieueei-ieaoaeue aaeeiiia?aciiai
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, /oi , anoanoaaiii, o?aaoao a
eaaeaeii neo/aa aeaoaeueiiai eceiaeaiey anao oneiaee niaa?oaaiie
naeaeee, aeaau ecaaaeaoue ?acii/oaiee. Aieaa oiai, ana n?i/iua
ieaoaaeiua iaycaoaeuenoaa eae au iauaaeeiythony a aaeeiii aeieoiaioa ,
auienaiiii a iieueco aaiaoeoeea?a e ca/anooth ia iiaeeaaeao ia?aonooiea
(ia?aaea/a) o?aoueei eeoeai aac niioaaonoaothuei ia?acii ioi?ieaiiiai
niaeaney aeieaeieea. A neeo oeacaiiie ia?aie/aiiie ia?auaaiinoe e
?acee/iiai ?iaea aeiiieieoaeueiuo neiaeiinoae th?eaee/aneiai e
i?ioeaaeo?iiai oa?aeoa?a ieaoaaeiua iaycaoaeuenoaa ii n/aoai aeaaeoi?ia
e aee?aaeeoeaai yaeythony iaiaa i?eaeaeaoaeueiuie oi?iaie
oi?oaeoe?oaiie caaeieaeaiiinoe, oioy ana yoi ioithaeue ia eneeth/aao
aiciiaeiinoe eo eniieueciaaiey a iia?aoeeyo oi?oaoe?iaaiey.
TH?EAeE*ANEIA CIA*AIEA IAAI?IE OEIA «AAC IAI?IAO IA IAIss», «AAC
I?AAA IA?AOIIAI O?AAIAAIEss»
N oi/ee c?aiey oi?oaoe?iaaiey eiaaony aeiaieueii nouanoaaiiia
th?eaee/aneia ?acee/ea iaaeaeo eniieueciaaieai i?inoiai e ia?aaiaeiiai
aaenaeae. ?acee/ea yoi ioiineony e aii?inai aac?aa?anniinoe e iaoei naia
io?aaeaiea a «Iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo eiiaaioeeyo ii eiiia?/aneei aaenaeyi»,
niaeanii iieiaeaieyo eioi?uo eiaeinnaio (eeoei, i?inoaaeythuaa
ia?aaeaoi/ioth iaaeienue) ii i?inoiio aaenaeth eiaao th?eaee/aneia i?aai
inaiaiaeeony io eaeie au oi ie auei ioaaonoaaiiinoe iin?aaenoaii
i?inoaaeaiey a ia?aaeaoi/iie iaaeiene iaiai?ee «aac iai?ioa ia iaiy».
*oi aea eanaaony ia?aaiaeiiai aaenaey (o?aoou), oi caeanue neeaaeuaaaony
i?yii i?ioeaiiieiaeaiiay ea?oeia, iineieueeo o?annaio (o.a. eeoei,
aunoaaeaoaa o?aooo) ai anao neo/ayo inoaaony th?eaee/anee aeinyaaai aeey
i?aaeuyaeaiey e iaio o?aaiaaiey (enea) a ii?yaeea ?aa?anna, aia
caaeneiinoe io naeaeaiiuo ei cayaeaiee i i?ioeaiiieiaeiii.
Ia i?aeoeea ?ac?aoaiea yoie i?iaeaiu ia i?aaenoaaeyao iniauo
cao?oaeiaiee, iineieueeo o?annaio iau/ii oaeiaeaoai?yaony ienueiaiiui
iaycaoaeuenoaii aaiea- oi?oaeoi?a ia i?aaei?eieiaoue i?ioea iaai
i?ioeannoaeueiuo aeaenoaee a neo/aa iaieaoaaea ni noi?iiu aeieaeieea.
Oai ia iaiaa, a iiaeiaiuo neo/ayo iinoaaueeo iaiaoiaeeii aanoe aeaea
eeoue n oaie aaieaie- oi?oaeoi?aie, eioi?ua iaeaaeatho aacoi?a/iie
?aiooaoeeae e ia eioi?uo ii iiaeao n oaa?aiiinoueth iieiaeeoueny a
ioiioaiee auiieiaiey eie oaeeo iaycaoaeuenoa. Anee aea oi?iaeueii
ia?aonooiea ?enea aeiioneaaony caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii, anoanoaaiii,
iiaeiaiuo i?iaeai ia aicieeaao e eiaiii a neeo oeacaiiuo niia?aaeaiee
iinoaaueee iau/ii i?aaeii/eoatho eniieueciaaoue a ea/anoaa ieaoaaeiiai
iaycaoaeuenoaa i?inoua aaenaey.
AAIEIANEEA AA?AIOEE E AAAEE
I?inoie eee ia?aaiaeiie aaenaeue, i?eiyoue e oi?oaoe?iaaieth,
i?aeoe/anee ai anao neo/ayo iiaee?aieythony aaieianeei iaania/aieai a
aeaea aa?aioee eee aaaey. Aa?aioii, eae i?aaeei, aunooiaao aaie,
ianeoaeeaathuee iieoiaoaey e eioi?ue «ec ia?auo ?oe» iiaeao
canaeaeaoaeuenoaiaaoue aai e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoue. Cia/aiea oaeiai
iaania/aiey ii?aaeaeyaony oai, /oi iii ia oieueei i?ecaaii a
ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie ia?aie/eoue ?enee, i?eieiaaiua ia naay aaieii-
oi?oaeoi?ii, ii e iicaieyao aio a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe ia?ao/anoue
iaoiaeyueany a aai «ii?ooaea» aaenaey ia aoi?e/iii ?uiea oi?oaoe?oaiie
caaeieaeaiiinoe. E aa?aioey e aaaeue aanueia i?inou ii naiae oi?ia e
i?aaenoaaeytho niaie a iaeaieaa oi?iuaiiii aeaea iaycaoaeuenoai
oieaoeoue ii ianooieaiee ii?aaeaeaiiiai n?iea iaiai?aiioth noiio a
neo/aa iaieaoaaea ni noi?iiu iniiaiiai aeieaeieea. Oai ia iaiaa, yoe
aeieoiaiou eiatho iaeioi?ua ?acee/ey, eioi?ua aeieaeai o/eouaaoue aaie-
oi?oaeoi?.
a ) aa?aioee
I?e auaea/a aa?aioee oeacaiiia iaycaoaeuenoai iaeaeaaony a
oi?io naiinoiyoaeueiiai aeieoiaioa, iiaeienuaaaiiai aa?aioii, a eioi?ii
iiae?iaii eceaaaaony ana oneiaey, ioiinyueany e niioaaonoaothuae
iia?aoeee. Iaiaoiaeeii iiae/a?eiooue, /oi a aa?aioeyo oeacuaaaony ia
iauay noiia caaeieaeaiiinoe, a eiie?aoiua n?iee ieaoaaea e
niioaaonoaothuea noiiu, iiaeeaaeauea oieaoa, iineieueeo ?acia? o/aoiie
noaaee (aeeneiioa) ?ann/eouaaaony enoiaey eiaiii ec oaeie ?acaeaee.
E?iia oiai, aa?aioey aaconeiaii aeieaeia auoue ia?aonooiaaiie. Iau/ii aa
niaea?aeaiea o?aeooaony eiaiii oaeei ia?acii, anee iaeiicia/ii ia
iaiaa?eaaaony ia?aoiia. E, iaeiiaoe, i/aiue aaaeii, /oiau aa?aioey auea
aaconeiaiie, o.a. ieeiei ia?acii ia caaenaea io iaaeeaaeauaai auiieiaiey
eiiia?/aneiai eiio?aeoa, eaaeauaai a iniiaa anae naeaeee. Eiiaaea,
i?aaaea, ano?a/athony neo/ae, eiaaea aa?aioey niaea?aeeo oneiaea (o.a.
eae au «i?eaycuaaaony») i auiieiaiee iinoaaueeii naieo iaycaoaeuenoa.
Iaeiaei aaie- oi?oaeoi? iau/ii ianoaeaaao ia iieo/aiee io aaiea aa?aioa
oae iacuaaaiiai /enoiai, o.a. aaconeiaiiai, iaycaoaeuenoaa eeai
i?eia?aoaao niioaaonoaothuea aaenaey n i?aaii ia?aoiiai o?aaiaaiey a
ii?yaeea ?aa?anniiai enea e iinoaaueeo n nio?aiaieai yoiai i?aaa ca
niaie aei oao ii?, iiea aaie-aa?aio ia i?eciaao caaeieaeaiiinoue a
ea/anoaa aaconeiaiie iinea caaa?oaiey auiieiaiey iniiaiiieaaathuaai
eiiia?/aneiai eiio?aeoa.
a ) II?O*EOAEUeNOAI
«Ii?o/eoaeuenoai» i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ai?acaei ?aaea
ano?a/athuothny oi?io aa?aioee, eioi?ay iaoiaeeony a i?yiie caaeneiinoe
io th?eaee/aneie caeiiiinoe e aeaenoaaiiinoe ?acee/iiai ?iaea
aeieoiaioia ia i?aeoeea iau/ii eaii?e?oaony. Yoi aeaeaaony /a?ac
i?eiyoea aaieii -oi?oaeoi?ii «ii?o/eoaeuenoaa» oieueei ii iieo/aiee
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey i caaa?oaiee iaaeeaaeauae iinoaaee oiaa?ia. Iaeiaei
aeaiiia ianoiyoaeuenoai aeiaieueii nouanoaaiii ia?aie/eaaao noa?o
i?eiaiaiey oaeeo «ii?o/eoaeuenoa».
a) AAAEUe
Aaaeue a neiaeeaoaeny i?aeoeea iiaeao ?anniao?eaaoueny a
ea/anoaa aaconeiaiiai e aaciocuaiiai iaycaoaeuenoaa i?iecaanoe ieaoaae a
iaiai?aiiue n?ie, eae anee au aa?aio nai yaeyeny aeieaeieeii. Yoa oi?ia
iaycaoaeuenoaa iieo/eea iaeaieueoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiea. Ana iaiaoiaeeiua
aeey aai i?inoaaeaiey iaaeiene aeaeathony iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia aaenaea
eee o?aooa. I?e yoii ia i?inoii aaenaea aeieaeii auoue iaienaii
«Aaaee?iaaii», iinea /aai neaaeoao eiy e iiaeienue aa?aioa. A neo/aa aea
n ia?aaiaeiui aaenaeai eee o?aooie yoa iaaeienue aeaeieciaiyaony
neaaeothuei ia?acii : «Aiaeai aeey aaaey ca (eiy o?annaoa, o.a. eeoea,
ia eioi?ia aunoaaeaia o?aooa)», iinea /aai oaeaea neaaeoao eiy e
iiaeienue aa?aioa. Iiaeiaiay i?inoioa e yniinoue ia?yaeo n i?enoueie
yoie oi?ia aaconeiaiinoueth e ia?aonooiaai inoueth iicaieytho ecaaaeaoue
iiiaeo cao?oaeiaiee, eioi?ua iiaoo aicieeiooue i?e eniieueciaaiee
aa?aioee, /oi aeaeaao aaaeue iaeaieaa i?aaeii/oeoaeueiie aeey
oi?oaoe?iaaiey oi?iie iaania/aiey.
N?IEE IAssCAOAEUeNOA E IIOeEIIIA
Caeioa?aniaaiiua eeeaiou ec /enea iinoaaueeia ia?auathony e
aaieai – oi?oaeoi?ai ia naiie ?aiiae noaaeee caeeth/aaiuo eie naeaeie.
Iinoaauee, ia eiath aiciiaeiinoe naiinoiyoaeueii i?aaeeiaeeoue
iieoiaoaeth aeieain?i/iia e?aaeeoiaaiea, caaeieai aei caeeth/aiey
oi?aiaiai eiio?aeoa aoaeao no?aieony iieo/eoue eioi?iaoeeth i
i?eioeeieaeueiie aiciiaeiinoe i?aaiecaoeee e?aaeeoiaaiey ia oneiaeyo
oi?oaoe?iaaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe ii ieaie?oaiie ei naeaeea. Aaie-
oi?oaeoi? aea, iai?ioea, ia ?aniieaaay anae iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeeae,
aoaeao eeoai aiciiaeiinoe naeaeaoue eeeaioo oaa?aeia i?aaeeiaeaiea
(ioa?oo). Ii eeoue niiaeao auneacaoue naia iiaiea i i?eioeeieaeueiie
aiciiaeiinoe eee iaaiciiaeiinoe i?aaiecaoeee iiaeiaiiai e?aaeeoiaaiey e
iacaaoue aanueia i?eaioe?iai/iua ?acia?u o/aoiie noaaee. Iinoaauee oai
naiui iieo/eo aiciiaeiinoue i?iaeieaeaoue ia?aaiai?u ia yoie iniiaa e
i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe niiaeao nei??aeoe?iaaoue oeaiu ia iinoaaeyaiua ei
oiaa?u oaeei ia?acii, /oiau iie iieiinoueth iie?uaaee ?anoiaeu ii
oi?oaoe?iaaieth i?aaenoiyuae au?o/ee.
a ) n?iee iioeeiiia
A eiioea eiioeia, aaie- oi?oaeoi? aeaeaao naiaio
iioaioeeaeueiiio eeeaioo oaa?aeia i?aaeeiaeaiea , eioi?ia iaycuaaao aai
i?aaeinoaaeoue iaiaoiaeeiia e?aaeeoiaaiea, oioy aei oiai, eae iinoaauee
oaeoe/anee ainiieuecoaony i?aaeinoaaeaiiie aio aiciiaeiinoueth, iiaeao
i?ieoe ii?aaeaeaiiia a?aiy – «n?ie iioeeiia». Yoio n?ie, a oa/aiee
eioi?iai eeeaio eiaao aiciiaeiinoue i?eiyoue ?aoaiea ainiieueciaaoueny
eee ia ainiieueciaaoueny i?aaeinoaaeaiiui aio e?aaeeoii, iiaeao
ninoaaeyoue nooee (24 /ana) e a yoii neo/aa ieeaeie eiiennee ia
aceiaaony. Aiciiaeiu e aieaa aeeeoaeueiua n?iee iioeeiia (aei
iaeiiai-o?ao ianyoeaa). A oaeii neo/aa oaea aaie- oi?oaeoi? aceiaao oae
iacuaaaioth i?aieth ca iioeeii «eiienneth ca iaycaoaeuenoai».
a ) ia?eiaeu iaycaoaeuenoa
Ai?acaei aieueoaa cia/aiea, /ai n?iee iioeeiiia, eiaao ia?eiae
a?aiaie iaaeaeo caeeth/aieai niaeaoaiey ia iieoieo aaenaeae e iiiaioii
oaeoe/aneiai niaa?oaiey naeaeee. Iineieueeo oeiainiaay aeiaiai?aiiinoue
ioi?ieyaony caaeieai aei oaeoe/aneeo ioa?ocie oiaa?a, a?aiy iaaeaeo
yoeie aeaoiy aeaoaie («ia?eiae iaycaoaeuenoaa») ia?aaeei aeiaieueii
cia/eoaeueii, aeinoeaay a ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo oanoe e aieaa ianyoeaa.
Iaiaoiaeeii iiae/a?eiooue, /oi ia i?ioyaeaiee anaai oeacaiiiai ia?eiaea
aaie -oi?oaeoi? i?iaeieaeaao inoaaaoueny naycaiiui naiei iaycaoaeuenoaii
i?eia?anoe aaenaey ii oeene?iaaiiie i?ioeaioiie noaaea, a iinoaauee, a
naith i/a?aaeue, iaycoaony iaania/eoue i?aaenoaaeaiea aio oaeeo
aaenaeae.
EIIENNEss CA IAssCAOAEUeNOAI
«Eiienney ca iaycaoaeuenoai», aceiaaiay a oa/aiea oeacaiiiai a?aiaie,
oi?ie?oaony eae au ec aeaoo naiinoiyoaeueiuo noieiinoiuo eiiiiiaioia.
Ai-ia?auo, a iaa aeeth/aaony ieaoa ca oi, /oi niioaaonoaothuay noiia
n?aaenoa iinoiyiii aea?aeeony «iaaioiaa» e ia iiaeao auoue a ethaie
iiiaio eniieueciaaia, iineieueeo aaie -oi?oaeoi? ia iiaeao ?anoiaeiaaoue
yoe n?aaenoaa aeey inouanoaeaiey eaeeo-eeai ae?oaeo eiaanoeoeee e
auioaeaeai ioeeiiyoue aiiaue iinooiathuea e iaio i?aaeiieiaeaiey a neeo
oaea i?eiyouo ei ia naay ii?aaeaeaiiuo oeiainiauo iaycaoaeuenoa.
Ai-aoi?uo, aaieo- oi?oaeoi?o iaiaoiaeeii i?eaeaeaoue n?aaenoaa aeey
oaeoe/aneiai inouanoaeaiey o/aoa aaenaeae e aio oaeaea iaiaoiaeeii
iie?uoue ?ene iioaioeeaeueiiai iaaeaaii?eyoiiai eciaiaiey i?ioeaioiuo
noaaie ia i?ioyaeaiee anaai «ia?eiaea iaycaoaeuenoaa».
?acia? eiiennee ca iaycaoaeuenoai iau/ii eieaaeaony io 3/4 %
aiaeiauo aei 1/18 aaeaiany/iuo e iia aaeaiany/ii oiea/eaaaony aaainii.
Iaeiaei ii iaycaoaeuenoaai n?ieia iaiaa iaeiiai ianyoea oaeay eiienney
iiaeao i?inoi i?eaaaeyoueny e o/aoiie noaaea a iiiaio oaeoe/aneiai
oi?oaoe?iaaiey aaenaeae.
Iaycaoaeuenoaa aaiea -oi?oaeoi?a iau/ii iiaeoaa?aeaeathony aai
ienueiii, a eioi?ii eceaaathony ana iiae?iaiinoe oi?oaoe?oaiie naeaeee,
aeeth/ay oi?iu iiaeeaaeaueo o/aoo ieaoaaeiuo iaycaoaeuenoa, a oaeaea
niaeaniaaiiua oneiaey iia?aoeee e oa?eo eiienneiiiiai aiciaa?aaeaeaiey.
Yoi iaycaoaeuenoai ?ani?ino?aiyaony e ia iinoaaueea, eioi?ue
i?aaenoaaeyao a aeieaeiii ninoiyiee niioaaonoaothuea aaenaey aaieo
-oi?oaeoi?o iinea eo iieo/aiey io yieoaioa (o.a. eeoea, eo
aunoaaeythuaai) eee aeoeaioaioa.
OO?AOIAss EIIENNEss
Eiiaaea a oneiaey iaycaoaeuenoaa aeeth/athony e iaiai?ee i
oo?aoao, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?uie, a neo/aa iai?aaenoaaeaiey aaenaeae
iinoaaueeii, oo?aoiay eiienney noaiiaeony n?i/iie e oieaoa e oaeoe/anee
aceiaaony. ?acia? oaeie oo?aoiie eiiennee, anoanoaaiii, i?aeoe/anee
niaiaaeaao n oaea ianoaeaeaaoaeny auoa eiienneae ca iaycaoaeuenoai e a
iniiaiii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iie?uoea aiciiaeiuo ?anoiaeia, eioi?ua a
yoii neo/aa iiaeao iiianoe aaie- oi?oaeoi? .
I?AEIOUANOAA, IIEO*AAIUA IINOAAUEEII E
IIEAIAOAEssIE IO IIA?AOeEE OI?OAOE?IAAIEss
Ecia/aeueiay i?inoioa, auno?ioa i?aaiecaoeee e aeaeinoue
e?aaeeoiaaiey ia oneiaeyo iia?aoeee oi?oaoe?iaaiey i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
aanueia i?eaeaeaoaeueioth aeueoa?iaoeao ae?oaei, aieaa ecaanoiui
(o?aaeeoeeiiiui), oi?iai e?aaeeoiaaiey. Oi?oaoe?iaaiey niiniaii
iaania/eoue ai?acaei aieaa auaiaeiua oneiaey aeey caeeth/aiey
eiiia?/aneeo naeaeie iniaaiii a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea ?a/ue eaeao i
iinoaaea i?iaeoeoeee eiaanoeoeeiiiiai iacia/aiey. Aieaa auaiaeiua
oneiaey eiatho ianoi e oiaaea, eiaaea i?aaeoniao?eaaaony niyoea n
iinoaaueea ?enea iaieaoaaea ca iinoaaeaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth, a oaeaea
?enea i?aaeuyaeaiey ia?aoiuo o?aaiaaiee (eneia) ia eiatho th?eaee/aneie
neeu.
N iiceoeee iinoaaueeia e iieoiaoaeae oi?oaoe?iaaiea eiaao
neaaeothuea i?aeiouanoaa:
– iicaieyao «i/enoeoue» aaeain iinoaaueea io ethauo aiciiaeiuo
iai?aaeaeaeaiiuo iaycaoaeuenoa;
– eneeth/aao aa?iyoiinoe, aicieeiiaaiey oauoeia (iioa?ue) io
nio?aiyaiiai ?enea iaieaoaaea eee caaea?aeae a auieaoa noieiinoe
iinoaaeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee;
– iicaieyao iieoiaoaeth ecaaaeaoue oaaee/aiey noieiinoe
e?aaeeoiaaiey a nayce n ?inoii i?ioeaioiuo noaaie;
– inaiaiaeaeaao iinoaaueeia io iiiaeo i?iaeai a iaeanoe
eieannaoeee i?e/eoathuaeny au?o/ee e oi?aaeai/aneiai oa?aeoa?a, a oaeaea
naycaiiuo n ieie ?anoiaeia.
Iaeiaei noieiinoue e?aaeeoiaaiey ia oneiaeyo oi?oaoe?iaaiey
iiaeao ieacaoueny ioiineoaeueii aunieie aeey iieoiaoaey, oioy a ia?eiaeu
iiauoaiey n?aaeiaai o?iaiy i?ioeaioiuo noaaie iia iiaeao auoue ieaea
noieiinoe oeiaine?iaaiey ii ieaaathuei i?ioeaioiui noaaeai a ?an/aoa ia
ia?niaeoeao.
a ) aac?aa?anniinoue
Oi?oaoe?iaaiea ioee/aaony io ae?oaeo, aiaeiae/iuo ii naiei
oeaeyi aeaeia e?aaeeoiaaiey, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue aii?inaie
aac?aa?anniinoe. Yoei e iauyniyaony a ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo ioiineoaeueii
aieaa aunieay aai noieiinoue, iaeiaei aeaaaaiua ei i?aeiouanoaa iaeaieaa
i?eaeaeaoaeueiu aeey iinoaaueeia. Aaeain iinoaaueea i?iaeoeoeee oai
naiui eae au «i/euaaony» io ethauo iai?aaeaeaeaiiuo aeieaia, eioi?ua
ia?aaeei ia?acothony i?e eniieueciaaiee (i?aaeinoaaeaiee) ei
aeieain?i/iiai eiiia?/aneiai e?aaeeoa.
I?aaeinoaaeaiea naiei iinoaaueeii eiiia?/aneiai e?aaeeoa,
iniaaiii i?e niaa?oaiee e?oiiuo naeaeie, iiaoo naiui na?ueaciui ia?acii
ia?aie/eoue e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoue iinoaaueea e «caii?iceoue» iieo/aiiua
ei io aaieia e?aaeeoiua eeiee, eioi?ua a i?ioeaiii neo/aa iiaee au auoue
eniieueciaaiu aeey iiauo eiaanoeoeee. Aiciiaeiua oauoee, eioi?ua
nii?yaeaiu n ?eneii iaieaoaaea eee caaea?aeeaie a auieaoa noieiinoe
iinoaaeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, iieiinoueth nieiathony n iaai e?aaeeoiaaieai
ia oneiaeyo oi?oaoe?iaaiey.
a ) oeene?iaaiiua i?ioeaioiua noaaee
O/ao naycaiiuo n oi?aiaeae ieaoaaeiuo iaycaoaeuenoa
iaania/eaaao iinoaaueeo iaiaaeeaiiia iieo/aiea eeeaeaeiuo n?aaenoa, ii
nouanoao i?aa?auay oai naiui naeaeeo ia oneiaeyo e?aaeeoa a i?iaeaaeo
oiaa?ia n iaiaaeeaiiie iieaoie. I?eiaiyaiay i?e oaeie oi?ia
e?aaeeoiaaiey i?ioeaioiay noaaea yaeyaony oeene?iaaiiie, /oi icia/aao
aa?aioeth aeey iieoiaoaey io oaaee/aiey noieiinoe e?aaeeoiaaiey a nayce
n iiauoaieai o?iaiy i?ioeaioiuo noaaie . E?iia oiai, aioiaiinoue aaiea
-oi?oaeoi?a i?eiyoue ia naay oaa?aeia iaycaoaeuenoai aua aei ia/aea
ioa?ocie niioaaonoaothueo oiaa?ia icia/aao, /oi iinoaauee iieo/aao
aiciiaeiinoue ?ann/eoaoue noieiinoue i?eaeaeaaiiai ei e?aaeeoiaaiey ia
iiiaio caeeth/aiey eiiia?/aneiai eiio?aeoa, /oi iicaieyao aio aeeth/aoue
yoe ?anoiaeu a oeaio iinoaaeyaiuo oiaa?ia. Aua ?ac ioia/o, /oi iiaeiaiua
iia?aoeee neaaeoao inouanoaeyoue eeoue n ia?aieeanniuie aaieaie-
oi?oaeoi?aie, eioi?ua aaconeiaii auiieiyo i?eieiaaiua eie ia naay
iaycaoaeuenoaa.
EIAANOEOeEIIIUA ANIAEOU OI?OAOE?IAAIEss
Iia?aoeee oi?oaoe?iaaiey ?ane?uaatho aeiiieieoaeueiua noa?u
aeayoaeueiinoe, a eioi?uo iiaoo i?eiyoue o/anoea caeioa?aniaaiiua aaiee
e ae?oaea e?aaeeoii-oeiainiaua o/?aaeaeaiey, ia yaeythueany iniiaiuie
oi?oaeoi?aie. Oaeia o/anoea iau/ii i?eieiaao oi?io eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai
eeai eiini?oeeaeueiiai (neiaeeoee?iaaiiiai) o/anoey a naieo naeaeeao, a
oaeaea a aa?aioeeiuo iia?aoeeyo, eioi?ua iau/ii inouanoaeythony aaieii,
ianeoaeeaathuei aeieaeieea.
a ) oi?iu o/anoey a iia?aoeee oi?oaoe?iaaiey ae?oaeo caeioa?aniaaiiuo
e?aaeeoii- oeiainiauo o/?aaeaeaiee
Auoa aiai?eeinue, /oi aaie -oi?oaeoi? a oeaeyo ?ann?aaeioi/aiey
i?eieiaaiiai ei ia naay ?enea ia?aaeei i?eaeaeaao e o/anoeth a e?oiiuo
naeaeeao ae?oaeo eiaanoi?ia. Yoi /aua anaai inouanoaeyaony iooai i?yiiai
?aciauaiey ieaoaaeiuo iaycaoaeuenoa. Ana aea neaaeoao ioiaoeoue. *oi
iaeioi?ua eiiiaiee, niaoeeaeece?othueany ia iia?aoeeyo oi?oaoe?iaaiey ,
aunooiatho eeoue a ea/anoaa a?iea?ia, inouanoaeythueo ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea
i?eia?aoaiiuo eie aaenaeae, e ia nio?aiytho ca niaie ieeaeeo ?eneia.
O/anoea a Oi?oaoe?iaaiee iicaieyao, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue,
iieo/eoue n?aaeian?i/iua e aeieain?i/iua eiaanoeoeee n ioiineoaeueii
aunieie noaiaiueth aeioiaeiinoe. Eae oaea aiai?eeinue, e?aaeeoiaaiea
inouanoaeyaony ii oeene?iaaiiui i?ioeaioiui noaaeai. Neaaeoao oaeaeyoue
aieiaiea oiio, /oiau i?eaeaeaaiia ?aoeiaine?iaaiea (o.a. i?eaea/aiea
aeaiaaeiuo ?ano?nia aeey iineaaeothuaai ?aciauaiey a oi?oaoe?oaiua
aeieaiaua iaycaoaeuenoaa) auei a iniiaiii aaeaeaaoiui n oi/ee c?aiey
n?ieia. Yoi iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau ecaaaeaoue ecauoi/iiai ianeiaiey ?eneia a
nayce n iiaeiaiui ianiaiaaeaieai.
a ) ?aoeiaine?iaaiea
Aeinoeaeaiea iieiiai niaiaaeaiey n?ieia ieaoaaeae i?aeoe/anee
iainouanoaeii a neeo aeaoo i?e/ei. Ai-ia?auo, i?inoua aaenaey ?aaeei
auienuaathony a «e?oaeuo» noiiao. E?iia oiai, «iaeao» aaenaeae iiaeao,
iai?eia?, aeeth/aoue 10 aaenaeae ia ?acee/iua noiiu n ?acee/iuie n?ieaie
ieaoaaea. Oaeie iaeao i?aeoe/anee iaaiciiaeii aaniethoii eaeaioe/ii
?aoeiaine?iaaoue, ia noieeioaoenue ni cia/eoaeueiuie o?oaeiinoyie e ia
oaaee/ea noieiinoue ?ano?nia, i?eaeaeaaiuo a yoeo oeaeyo io aaieia eee
ae?oaeo o/anoieeia aeaiaaeiiai ?uiea.
Ai-aoi?uo, aaie -oi?oaeoi? ?aaeei iieo/aao i?e/eoathueany aio
ieaoaaee no?iai a onoaiiaeaiiua ii iei n?iee (iau/ii caaea?aeea
ninoaaeyao io aeaoo aei iyoe aeiae aeaaea ii ia?aieeanniui n oi/ee
c?aiey ?enea aaenaeyi). Eiaanoi?ai neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi a
aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa ieaoaae ii aaenaeth iiaeao auoue inouanoaeai /a?ac
iaeei eee aeaaea /a?ac ianeieueei aeiae iinea ianooieaiey n?iea aai
iieaou e oai ia iaiaa n/eoaoueny naiaa?aiaiiui, o.a. inouanoaeaiiui a
n?ie. Ie aeey eiai ia yaeyaony nae?aoii, /oi iaeioi?ua aaenaeaaeaoaee,
n/eoathueany oi?ioeie «aeieaeieeaie» ia ?uiea oi?oaoe?oaiuo e?aaeeoia,
iau/ii iiea/eaatho naie aaenaey n caaea?aeeaie a ianeieueei aeiae, a
aiciiaeiinoue e?aoein?i/iuo caaea?aeae ieaoaaeae iau/ii o/eouaaaony a
niaeaniaaiiuo iaaeaeo noi?iiaie oneiaeyo oi?oaoe?iaaiey.
ia i?aeoeea iiiaea eiaanoi?u i?eaeaeatho ?aoeiaine?iaaiea ec
?an/aoa n?aaeiaai n?iea «iaeaoa» aaenaeae, n oai /oiau aeiaeoueny
i?eaieaiiai n?aaeiaai o?iaiy aeioiaeiinoe naieo aeiaeaiee i?e
iaeiia?aiaiiii iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeiui iie?uoeai ?enea iiauoaoaeueiiai
aeaeaeaiey i?ioeaioiuo noaaie ii ?uii/iiio ?aoeiaine?iaaieth.
Anoanoaaiii, iiaeao neiaeeony e oae, /oi i?ioeaioiua noaaee iieaeoo
aiec, /oi aeano eiaanoi?ai aeiiieieoaeueiua oeiainiaua i?aeiouanoaa.
a ) aeieoiaioaoeey niaeaoaiey
Ia i?aeoeea niaeaoaiea ia o/anoee a iia?aoeee ioi?ieyaony
ienueiii iniiaiiai aaiea- oi?oaeoi?a, a aoi?ii eceaaathony niaeaniaaiiua
oneiaey i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeee e niaea?aeeony nnueea ia
iniiaiiieaaathuoth eiiia?/aneoth naeaeeo. Oi?oaoe?othuay eiiiaiey iau/ii
aunooiaao a ea/anoaa aaaioa eiaanoi?ia, nio?aiyy o naay aaenaey e
aa?aioee, a eo oaeoe/aneei aeaaeaeueoeai ia?aaeei aunueaao aeey
iciaeiieaiey eiiee aeieoiaioia. A yoii neo/aa naie eiaanoi?u aeieaeiu
?aoaoue, neaaeoao ee i?iaa?youe i?aaiii/iinoue iiaeienae, caeiiiinoue
aaenaeae e aa?aioee e ethaie ae?oaie aeieoiaioaoeee, ioiinyuaeny e yoie
iia?aoeee. Neiaeiinoue oaeie aeieoiaioaoeee iiaeao ieacaoueny
aeiiieieoaeueiui i?aiyonoaeai aeey iaiiuoiiai eiaanoi?a, eioi?iio,
aaconeiaii, neaaeoao iieueciaaoueny oneoaaie eeoue eiathueo
ia?aieeannioth ?aiooaoeeth niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo oi?oaoe?othueo eiiiaiee
n oai, /oiau iaeneiaeueii iaaciianeoue naay io iiiaeo iaiaeeaeaiiinoae,
eioi?ua iiaoo iiaenoa?aaaoue eo i?e o/anoee a iiaeiaiuo iia?aoeeyo.
a ) ?aciauaiea aeoeaia n?aaee eiaanoi?ia
*anoi eiaanoi?u i?eia?aoatho aaenaey ec «ii?ooaeae»
oio?aoe?othueo eiiiaiee. A iiaeiaiii neo/aa iie i?eieiatho ia naay anth
niioonoaothuoth oaeie iia?aoeee ioaaonoaaiiinoue. Ia?aaea/a aeieoiaioia
i?ienoiaeeo i?eia?ii oae aea, eae e i?e niaa?oaiee aaciaie naeaeee,
i?e/ai oi?oaeoi? eiaeinne?oao aaenaey n iaiai?eie «aac iai?ioa ia iaiy»
(«aac i?aaa ia?aoiiai o?aaiaaiey») e ia?aaeaao anth aeieoiaioaoeeth
iiaui aeaaeaeueoeai. Oai naiui ii inaiaiaeaeaao naay eae auaoaai
aeaaeaeueoea io eaeie au oi ie auei ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca aii?inu
inouanoaeaiey ieaoaaeae e eieannaoeeth caaeieaeaiiinoe. Aaeaeo oiai, /oi
ia?aaeei i/aiue aieueoia /enei aeieoiaioia o?aaoao i?iaa?eoue e
ioeaieoue, oeaeaniia?acii, /oiau iia?aoeee oi?oaoe?iaaiey
inouanoaeyeenue aaieaie e naycaiiuie n ieie e?aaeeoii-oeiainiauie
o/?aaeaeaieyie, oi?ioi ciaeii n oaoie/aneeie aniaeoaie oi?oaoe?iaaiey.
Anee aea oaeea iia?aoeee i?iaiaeyony /a?ac a?iea?ia, aeaeaoaeueii, /oiau
any aeieoiaioaoeey auea iiia/aia ooaiiii «I?iaa?aii» ia?aieeanniiai
e?aaeeoii -oeiainiaiai o/?aaeaeaiey.
ae ) aa?aioee ii aaenaeyi
Aii?inu aa?aioe?iaaiey ii i?inouo aaenaeae iau/ii ?aoathony
iaaeaeo iieoiaoaeai e aai aaieii eee niioaaonoaothuae ainoaea?noaaiiie
i?aaiecaoeeae, eaiaeeaeaoo?u eioi?uo, aaconeiaii, aeieaeiu auoue
niaeaniaaiu aei iiaeienaiey eiiia?/aneeo eiio?aeoia. Aiineaaenoaee
iinoaauee anooiaao a eiioaeo n aaieii- oi?oaeoi?ii (oi?oaeoe?othuae
eiiiaieae) ia i?aaeiao ?aaeecaoeee ieaoaaeiuo iaycaoaeuenoa ia iniiaa
eiaiii oaeeo aa?aioee.
OAOIE*ANEEA AII?INU IIA?OeEE OI?OAOE?IAAIEss
a ) no?oeoo?a noieiinoe oi?oaoe?iaaiey e iooe aa ii?aaeaeaiey
Noieiinoue naeaeie, naycaiiuo n oi?oaoe?iaaieai caaeieaeaiiinoe
ii?aaeaeyaony ?yaeii oaeoi?ia iaeaieaa aaaeiui ec eioi?uo, aiieia
anoanoaaiii, yaeyaony noieiinoue i?eaeaeaaiiai aaieii- oi?oaeoi?ii
(oi?oaoe?othuae eiiiaieae) ?aoeiaine?iaaiey. Noiia ?aoeiaine?iaaiey
?aaia i?ioeaioiui noaaeai ii e?aaeeoai ia niioaaonoaothuea n?iee. Yoa
aaciaay noieiinoue aeiiieiyaony iaaeaaaeaie, i?ecaaiiuie iie?uaaoue
?acee/iua eiiia?/aneea ?enee, nii?yaeaiiua n iiaeiaiuie naeaeeaie.
a ) eiiia?/aneea ?enee
Yoe ?enee naycaiu n aiciiaeiinoueth iaauiieiaiey aeieaeieeii
eee aa?aioii i?eiyouo eie ia naay iaycaoaeuenoa. Aii?in «aeaoieoa»
(iaauiieiaiey a n?ie iieaou ii ieaoaaeiui iaycaoaeuenoaai), aaconeiaii,
aeieaeai o/eouaaoueny, eae e i?e inouanoaeaiee ethauo ae?oaeo aeaeia
e?aaeeoiaaiey. I/aiue aaaeii i?aaeeueii ioeaieoue e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoue
aa?aioa ec /enea eiiia?/aneeo aaieia ia eaaeaeue eiie?aoiue iiiaio.
Aaie- oi?oaeoi? iaycai noiaoue o?acai ioeaieoue oaeouoth e
ia?niaeoeaioth niiniaiinoue oiai eee eiiai aeieaeieea auiieiyoue ia?aae
e?aaeeoi?aie naie iaycaoaeuenoaa. Ana yoi o?aaoao naiiai ouaoaeueiiai
eco/aiey aeeiaieee ieaoaaeiuo aaeainia, ?acia?ia caaeieaeaiiinoe e
oaeaeueiiai aana ieaoaaeae ii aa ianeoaeeaaieth e o.ae. Aiciiaeiinoue
«aeaoieoa» ni noi?iiu aa?aioia ec /enea ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee e
e?aaeeoii- oeiainiauo o/?aaeaeaiee iau/ii ia aeiioneaaony.
Iooai ouaoaeueiiai e iiae?iaiiai ?anniio?aiey anao
ia?a/eneaiiuo ia?aiaiiuo e n o/aoii noieiinoe i?eaeaeaaiiai n ?uiea
?aoeiaine?iaaiey aaie- oi?oaeoi? iieo/aao aiciiaeiinoue ii?aaeaeeoue
?acia? aaciaie i?ioeaioiie noaaee , eioi?ay ia?an/eouaaaony a o/aoioth
noaaeo (aeeneiio) iin?aaenoaii noaiaea?oiie iaoaiaoe/aneie oi?ioeu.
O/aoiay aea noaaea, aia anyeiai niiiaiey, aoaeao aa?uee?iaaoueny a
caaeneiinoe io n?ieia o/eouaaaiuo ieaoaaeiuo iaycaoaeuenoa e, aa?iyoiaa
anaai, oaeaea aoaeao aeeth/aoue a naay noieiinoue iie?uoey
aaeieieno?aoeaii- oi?aaeai/aneeo ?anoiaeia.
a ) eiio?ieueiue ia?a/aiue iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeee
I?aaeaea, /ai naeaeaoue eeeaioo oaa?aeia i?aaeeiaeaiea
ioiineoaeueii oneiaee i?aaeiieaaaaiiai e?aaeeoiaaiey, aaie – oi?oaeoi?
aeieaeai ciaoue neaaeothuaa:
– ?acia? i?aaenoiyuaai e?aaeeoiaaiey;
– iiae?iaiia iaeiaiiaaiea e th?eaee/aneee noaoon oe?iu – iinoaaueea;
– aiaeiae/ioth eioi?iaoeeth a ioiioaiee aai eiio?aaaioa, o.a. oe?iu-
iieoiaoaey;
– aiaeiae/ioth eioi?iaoeeth a ioiioaiee th?eaee/aneiai eeoea,
aunooiathuaai aa?aioii ii niaa?oaaiie naeaeee;
– ieaoaaeiua iaycaoaeuenoaa, eaeeie aoaeao ioi?ieyoueny oi?oaoe?oaiay
caaeieaeaiiinoue (iai?eia?, i?inouie aaenaeyie, eiiia?/aneiai o?aooa e
o.ae.) ;
– ?anienaiea ieaoaaeae a iiaaoaiee oi?oaoe?oaiie caaeieaeaiiinoe
(o.a. n?iee ieaoaaeae ii o?aooai eee aaenaeyi);
– oi?iu oeiainiaiai iaania/aiey ii aeaiiie iia?aoeee oi?oaoe?iaaiey
(aa?aioey eee aaaeue);
– oa?aeoa? i?iaeoeoeee, iinoaaeyaiie ii aeaiiiio eiiia?/aneiio
eiio?aeoo ;
– n?iee iinoaaie oiaa?ia ii eiio?aeoo;
– n?iee i?aaenoaaeaiey iinoaaueeii iieoiaoaeth
oiaa?inii?iaiaeeoaeueiuo e ioa?oci/iuo aeieoiaioia;
– ianoi ieaoaaea ii oi?oaoe?oaiui i?inoui aaenaeyi eee eiiia?/aneei
o?aooai.
Eiia/ii, aaie- oi?oaeoi? i?aeoe/anee anaaaea iiaeao a naieo
eioa?anao noi?ioee?iaaoue i?eia?iua oeiainiaua oneiaey i?aaeiieaaaaiie
naeaeee aua ia naiie ?aiiae noaaeee aa ianoaeaeaiey eiaaea iiiaea ec
ia?a/eneaiiuo auoa aii?inia ia niaeaniaaiu eee aeaaea aua ia
ianoaeaeaeenue. Iaeiaei aiineaaenoaee o iaai aeieaeiu auoue
iiae?iaiaeoea ioaaou ia ana iinoaaeaiiua a i?eaaaeaiiii ?aiaa
eiio?ieueiii ia?a/ia aii?inu.
a ) oi?iu i?inoiai e ia?aaiaeiiai aaenaeae
A ie?iaie i?aeoeea ecaanoiu iiiai/eneaiiua aeaeu, oi?ia e
aeaaea ?aciiaeaeiinoe eiiia?/aneeo o?aoo e i?inouo aaenaeae. O ian a
no?aia i?aaei?eyoey e aaiee eniieuecotho ia?acoeu aaenaeae ninoaaeaiiuo
n o/aoii a iiaeaaeythuai aieueoeinoaa no?ai, iieuecothueony
i?aeiouanoaaiii oaie caeiiiaeaoaeueiuie iieiaeaieyie, eioi?ua auee
noi?ioee?iaaiu a «Iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo eiiaaioeeyo ii eiiia?/aneei aaenaeai»
(i?eiyouo ia AEaiaaneie eiioa?aioeee a 1930 a.) e i?ioee aeinoaoi/ii
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiia eniuoaiea i?aeoeeie.
Aaieo- oi?oaeoi?o iaiaoiaeeii oaeinoiaa?eoueny a i?aaiii/iinoe
niaea?aeaueony ia anao ieaoaaeiuo iaycaoaeuenoaao iiaeienae e anao
iaiaoiaeeiuo ?aeaeceoia.
AEAAA 2
Aiaeec yeiiiie/aneiai ninoiyiey IAI «CI»
IAI «CI» o/?aaeaeaii a niioaaonoaee n Oeacii I?aceaeaioa ?O «Ia
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo ia?ao ii i?aia?aciaaieth ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee
a aeoeeiia?iua iauanoaa » io 1.07.92 aiaea ? 721 ?aoaieai AEE ? 113 io
13.05.93 aiaea e ca?aaeno?e?iaaii aaeieieno?aoeeae a. Oeai-Oaey, ?
128/49 11.05.93 n i?enaiaieai iiia?a ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee ?
2930. Iauanoai yaeyaony i?aaii?eaiieeii ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey
«Caoaeeineee eiiaeiao oeaaii?iaeoeoia». I?aaiaia iieiaeaiea iauanoai
ii?aaeaeyaony A?aaeaeaineei eiaeaenii ?O. Oaaea?aeueiui caeiiii «Ia
aeoeeiia?iuo iauanoaao», a oaeaea onoaaii.
Ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea Iauanoaa : 670033 a. Oeai-Oaey, oe. Ieuaaay,
1 A. Ieiuaaeue IAI «CI» 16 aa. EII 0323032345 ?/n 250467570 a Ao?yoneii
Aaiea NA ?O.
Iauanoai o/?aaeaeaii ia iaia?aie/aiiue n?ie aeayoaeueiinoe. IAI
«CI» aaeeinoaaiiia iauanoai oaeiai oeia a Ao?yoee. O iaai iao
eiieo?aioia a i?aaeaeao ?anioaeeee. Iaeueeiiaeiao auioneaao ioeo
aunoaai, 1 e 2 ni?oia, a?a/iaaoth e?oio, iaiioth e?oio, eiiaeei?ia aeey
ioeoeu, naeiae e E?N, auioneaao oeaa e oeaaiaoei/iua ecaeaeey. Iniaue
eioa?an e i?aaei?eyoeth aucaai naaiaeiyoiee neooaoeeae ia ?uiea.
Ianiio?y ia oyaeaeua oneiaey aeecie IAI «CI» noaaeeueii ooieoeeiie?oao .
A 1996 aiaeo auee ioe?uou oeaaiiaea?ie, oaea a 1997 aiaeo auei
i?iecaaaeaii 10 oiii oeaaa a nooee.
I?iaeoeoeeth iauanoai caaiaeeo caaiceo n Aeoaeneiai,
E?aniiy?neiai, *eoeineiai e E?eooneeo ?aaeiiia, a oaeaea ?aeiiia
?anioaeeee.
A 1997 a. auea caiouaia eeiee ii i?iecaiaenoao a?a/ee (1-3
ni?oa). A nooee i?iecaiaeeeinue 2-5 oiiiu, a yoii aea aiaeo auea
i?iecaaaeaia ?aeaiay ioea. Aeaaiie caaea/ae IAI «CI», n/eoaao
nio?aiaiea aeaenoaothuaai i?iecaiaenoaa, iauaiia ia?a?aaioee i?iaeoeoeee
ia i?aaeiai o?iaia, a oaeaea inaiaiea iiauo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
iiuiinoae. Oeaeue io/aoa auyaeoue neeueiua e neaaua noi?iia
i?aaei?eyoey, i?iaanoe aiaeec oeiainiai-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey, iciaeiieony n i?aaiecaoeeae, o/?aaeaeaieai, eco/eoue aai
i?aaiecaoeeiiii- i?aaiaoth oi?io , eco/eoue anni?oeiaio auioneaaiie
i?iaeoeoeee, iieaoo o?oaea ia eiiaeiaoa, no?oeoo?o oi?aaeaiey ia IAI
«CI» ii?aaeaeeoue, /oi yaeyaony iniiaiui e aniiiiaaoaeueiui
i?iecaiaenoaii.
Eco/eoue iniiaiua caeiiiaeaoaeueiua e ii?iaoeaiua aeieoiaiou e
iaoa?eaeu, ?aaoee?othuea aeayoaeueiinoue ii oi?aaeaieth i?aaei?eyoeai.
Iaai? yeiiiie/aneeo iieacaoaeae, oa?aeoa?ecothueo oeiainiaia
iieiaeaiea e aeoeaiinoue i?aaei?eyoey, caaeneo io aeoaeiu enneaaeiaaiey;
iaeiaei aieueoeinoai iaoiaeee aiaeeca oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey
i?aaeiieaaaao ?an/ao neaaeothueo a?oii eiaeeeaoi?ia :oeiainiaie
onoie/eainoe, ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe, aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe, ?aioaaaeueiinoe.
Iaoiaeeea aiaeeca neaaeothuay :
– I?aaeaa?eoaeueiia iciaeiieaiea n eoiaaie ?aaioa
i?aaei?eyoey.
– En/eneaiea eeth/aauo iieacaoaeae.
– N?aaiaiea ?an/aoiuo cia/aiee n ii?iaoeaaie.
– Ioianaiea i?aaei?eyoey e ii?aaeaeaiiiio eeanno i
oeiainiaiio iieiaeaieth.
I?aaeaa?eoaeueiia iciaeiieaiea n eoiaaie ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoey
i?iaiaeeony ii aaeaino a neaaeothuae iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe.
Eoia aaeaina ia eiiaoe ia?eiaea n?aaieaaaony n eoiaii ia ia/aei
ia?eiaea. Yoi aiaeec ii ai?eciioaee, iicaieythuee ii?aaeaeeoue iauaa
iai?aaeaiea aeaeaeaiey aaeaina: oaaee/aiea eoiaa aaeaina ioeaieaaaony
iieiaeeoaeueii, oiaiueoaiea – io?eoeaoaeueii.
Aaethoa, (eoia) aaeaina io?aaeaao ?aaeueioth noieiinoue
eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey n o/aoii eciina iniiaiuo n?aaenoa, iaeioeaiiuo e
auno?i eciaoeaathueony i?aaeiaoia e iaoa?eaeueiuo aeoeaia. Yoio
iieacaoaeue neoaeeo aacie ?an/aoa eiaeeeaoi?ia oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey
i?aaei?eyoey.
aaeain
?en. Aeeiaieea eciaiaiey aaethou aaeaina.
Ii?aaeaeyaony oa?aeoa? eciaiaiey ioaeaeueiuo noaoae aaeaina. I?e yoii e
iieiaeeoaeueiui eciaiaieyi ioiineony oaaee/aiea a aeoeaa aaeaina
inoaoeia aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa, e?aoein?i/iuo e aeieain?i/iuo oeiainiauo
aeiaeaiee, iaiaoa?eaeueiuo aeoeaia, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo caiania.
Aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa
?en. Aeeiaieee eciaiaiey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa
i?iecaiaenoaaiiua caianu
?en. aeeiaieee eciaiaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo caiania
E iieiaeeoaeueiui eciaiaieyi a ianneaa aaeaina ioiineony
oaaee/aiea noiia i?eauee, aeioiaeia aoaeoueo ia?eiaeia, oiiaeia
iaeiieaiey e oeaeaaiai oeiaine?iaaiey.
?en. Aeeiaieee eciaiaiey oaeeo noaoae aaeaina, eae oiiaeu iaeiieaiey,
i?eaueue e aeioiaeu aoaeoueo ia?eiaeia.
Io?eoeaoaeueiie ioeaiee caneoaeeaaao ?aceee ?ino aeaaeoi?neie
caaeieaeaiiinoe a aeoeaa e e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe a ianneaa
aaeaina.
?en. Aeeiaieea eciaiaiey aeaaeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe i?aaei?eyoey
?en. Aeeiaieea eciaiaiey e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe i?aaei?eyoey
Aiaeece?oao iaee/ea e oaaee/aiea inoaoeia ii «aieueiie» noaouea
aaeaina – «Oauoee». Iaee/ea oauoeia naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i
ia?aioaaaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey. Anee i?aaei?eyoea yaeyaony
ieaiiai-oauoi/iui, oi noiio oauoea neaaeoao niiinoaaeoue n ieaiiaie
aaee/eiie eee niioaaonoaothuae noiiie i?aaeoanoaothuaai ia?eiaea.
Iaee/ea e?aaeeoia e i?i/eo caeiia, ia iiaaoaiiuo a n?ie, neaiaeece?oao i
ieceie ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe i?aaei?eyoey ia aeaoo ninoaaeaiey aaeaina.
Aaaaeai i?aaeaa?eoaeueiua oneiaiua iaicia/aiey eiyooeoeeaioia :
oaaeeoea
oneiaiua iaicia/aiey eiyooeoeeaioia
IAEIAIIAAIEA IIEACAOAEAE oneiaiua iaicia/aiey
iieacaoaee no?oeoo?u eaieoaea
1.1.eiyooeoeeaio iacaaeneiinoe
E 11
1.2. oaeaeueiue aan caaiiuo n?aaenoa
E12
1.3.Niioiioaiea caaiiuo e nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa
E13
1.4.Oaeaeueiue aan aeaaeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe a
noieiinoe eiouanoaa
E 14
Oaeaeueiue aan nianoaaiiuo e aeieain?i/iuo
caaiiuo n?aaenoa a noieiinoe eiouanoaa
E 15
iieacaoaee eeeaeaeiinoe
2.1.eiyooeoeeaio aaniethoiie eeeaeaeiinoe
E 21
2.2.I?iiaaeooi/iue eiyooeoeeaio iie?uoey
E 22
2.3.Iauee eiyooeoeeaio iie?uoey
E 23
Iieacaoaee no?oeoo?u eaieoaea (eee eiyooeoeeaiou
ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe)-(ia?aie a?oiiu) oa?aeoa?ecoao noaiaiue caueuaiiinoe
eioa?ania eiaanoi?ia e e?aaeeoi?ia eiathueo aeieain?i/iua aeiaeaiey a
i?aaei?eyoea. Iie io?aaeatho niiniaiinoue i?aaei?eyoey iiaaoaoue
aeieain?i/ioth caaeieaeaiiinoue. Eiyooeoeeaiou yoie a?oiiu iacuaathony
oaeaea eiyooeoeeaioaie ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe. Aacie eo ?an/aoa aunooiaao
noieiinoue eiouanoaa. Aaaeiaeoee iieacaoaeue aeaiiie a?oiiu eiaeeeaoi?ia
– eiyooeoeeaio iacaaeneiinoe (aaoiiiiee, nianoaaiiinoe) oa?aeoa?ecoao
aeieth nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea a no?oeoo?a eaieoaea i?aaei?eyoey, a
neaaeiaaoaeueii, niioiioaiea eioa?ania nianoaaiieeia i?aaei?eyoey e
e?aaeeoi?ia:
E11 = nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa noieiinoue
eiouanoaa
Yoio eiyooeoeeaio aeaeaoaeueii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue ia aeinoaoi/ii
aunieii o?iaia, iineieueeo a oaeii neo/aa ii naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i
noaaeeueiie oeiainiaie no?oeoo?a n?aaenoa, eioi?ie ioaeatho
i?aaeii/oaiea e?aaeeoi?u. Iia au?aaeaaony a iaaunieii oaeaeueiii aana
caaiiiai eaieoaea e aieaa aunieii o?iaia n?aaenoa, iaania/aiiuo
nianoaaiiuie n?aaenoaaie. Yoi yaeyaony caueoie io aieueoeo iioa?ue a
ia?eiaeu niaaea aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe e aa?aioeae iieo/aiey e?aaeeoia.
Eiyooeoeeaioii nianoaaiiinoe, oa?aeoa?ecothuei aeinoaoi/ii
noaaeeueiia oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea i?e i?i/eo ?aaiuo oneiaeyo a aeacao
eiaanoi?ia e e?aaeeoi?ia, yaeyaony ioiioaiea nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea e
eoiao n?aaenoa ia o?iaia 60 % . A yoii neo/aa ?ene e?aaeeoi?ia naaaeai e
ieieioio : i?iaeaa /anoue eiouanoaa, noi?ie?iaaiiiai ca n/ao nianoaaiiuo
n?aaenoa, i?aaei?eyoea niiaeao iiaaneoue naie aeieaiaua iaycaoaeuenoaa,
aeaaea anee inoaaoayny /anoue, a eioi?oth aeiaeaiu caaiiua n?aaenoaa,
aoaeao ii eaeei-oi i?e/eiai iaanoeaiaia.
Iieacaoaeai, ia?aoiui eiyooeoeeaioo nianoaaiiinoe, aunooiaao
eiyooeoeeaio caaiiiai eaieoaea (oaeaeueiue aan caaiiuo n?aaenoa a
noieiinoe eiouanoaa):
e12= noiia caaeieaeaiiinoe , eee
Caaeneiinoue i?aaei?eyoey io aiaoieo caeiia oa?aeoa?ecoao
niioiioaiea caaiiuo e nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa (eiyooeoeeaio oeiainiaie
caaeneiinoe):
e 13 = noiia caaeieaeaiiinoe
*ai aieueoa cia/aiea iieacaoaey, oai auoa noaiaiue ?enea,
iineieueeo a neo/aa iaauiieiaiey iaycaoaeuenoa ii ieaoaaeai aic?anoaao
aiciiaeiinoue aaie?ionoaa. Aunieee o?iaaiue eiyooeoeeaioa io?aaeaao
oaeaea iioaioeeaeueioth iianiinoue aicieeiiaaiey o i?aaei?eyoey
aeaoeoeeoa aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa.
Eioa?i?aoaoeey yoiai iieacaoaey caaeneo io iiiaeo oaeoi?ia , a
/anoiinoe, oaeeo, eae:
– n?aaeiee o?iaaiue yoiai eiyooeoeeaioa a ae?oaeo io?aneyo;
– aeinooi i?aaei?eyoey e aeiiieieoaeueiui aeieaiaui enoi/ieeai
oeiaine?iaaiey;
– noaaeeueiinoue oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.
Aeiionoeiia cia/aiea iieacaoaey 0.5- 1. N/eoaaony, /oi
eiyooeoeeaio oeiainiaie caaeneiinoe a oneiaeyo ?uii/iie yeiiiieee ia
aeieaeai i?aauoaoue aaeeieoeo. Aunieay caaeneiinoue io aiaoieo caeiia
iiaeao nouanoaaiii oooaeoeoue iieiaeaiea i?aaei?eyoey a neo/aa
caiaaeeaiey oaiiia ?aaeecaoeee, iineieueeo ?anoiaeu ii auieaoa
i?ioeaioia ia caaiiue eaieoae i?e/eneyaony e a?oiia oneiaii-iinoiyiiuo,
o.a. oaeeo ?anoiaeia, eioi?ua i?e i?i/eo ?aaiuo oneiaeyo i?aaei?eyoea ia
niiaeao oiaiueoeoue i?iii?oeeiiaeueii oiaiueoaieth iauaia ?aaeecaoeee.
E?iia oiai, aunieee eiyooeoeeaio oeiainiaie caaeneiinoe iiaeao
i?eaanoe e cao?oaeiaieyi n iieo/aieai iiauo e?aaeeoia ii n?aaeia?uii/iie
noaaea. Yoio eiyooeoeeaio ea?aao aaaeiaeooth ?ieue i?e ?aoaiee
i?aaei?eyoeai aii?ina i auai?a enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey.
Aeaiiua i caaeieaeaiiinoe i?aaei?eyoey iaiaoiaeeii niiinoaaeoue
n aeieaaie aeaaeoi?ia, oaeaeueiue aan eioi?uo a noieiinoe eiouanoaa
?ann/eouaaaony ii oi?ioea :
Oeiainiaoth onoie/eainoue i?aaei?eyoey io?aaeaao oaeaea
oaeaeueiue aan nianoaaiiuo e aeieain?i/iuo caaiiuo n?aaenoa (n?ieii
aieaa aiaea) a noieiinoe eiouanoaa:
nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa +
A oaaeeoea ? i?aaenoaaeai ?an/ao eiyooeoeeaioia no?oeoo?u
eaieoaea ii aeaiiui aaeaina.
A n?aaeiai aeiey nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa a noieiinoe eiouanoaa
i?aaei?eyoey ninoaaeea 60 %, /oi naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oeiainiaie
onoie/eainoe i?aaei?eyoey .Oaeaeueiue aan aeaaeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe
iacia/eoaeai (a n?aaeiai 16 %).
Oaa. ?
?an/ao iieacaoaeae no?oeoo?u eaieoaea
Iieacaoaee aoi?ie a?oiiu – eiyooeoeeaio eeeaeaeiinoe –
io?aaeatho aiciiaeiinoue i?aaei?eyoey iiaaneoue e?aoein?i/ioth
caaeieaeaiiinoue naieie eaaei ?aaeecoaiuie n?aaenoaaie a oa/aiee
io/aoiiai ia?eiaea. I?e en/eneaiee yoeo iieacaoaeae ca aaco ?an/aoa
i?eieiathony e?aoein?i/iua iaycaoaeuenoaa.
Eiyooeoeeaio aaniethoiie eeeaeaeiinoe ii?aaeaeyaony ii oi?ioea:
e 21=
Ieieiaeueiia i?aaeaeueiia cia/aiea aeaiiiai iieacaoaey
ninoaaeyao 0.2- 0.25. Yoio eiaeeeaoi? eiaao iniaaiiia cia/aiea aeey
iinoaaueeia iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia e aaiea, e?aaeeoothuaai i?aaei?eyoey.
Anee E21 (0.5 , ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue aunieay.
I?iiaaeooi/iue eiyooeoeeaio iie?uoey (eiyooeoeeaio n?i/iie
eeeaeaeiinoe),?ane?uaathuee ioiioaiea iaeaieaa eeeaeaeiie /anoe
aiciiaeiinoue aeinoeaeaiey oiai i?aaeaea, ca eioi?ui e?aaeeoi?u
ia/eiatho aieueoa o/anoaiaaoue a aeaea, /ai nianoaaiieee i?aaei?eyoey .
A yoii neo/aa ioiioaiea iaycaoaeuenoa e nianoaaiiiio eaieoaeo
oaaee/eaaaony, oaaee/eaaaony oaeaea ?ene e?aaeeoi?ia, e i?aaei?eyoea
iiaeao eiaoue na?ueaciua cao?oaeiaiey, iaoneiaeaiiua oiaiueoaieai
aeioiaeia eee iauae oaiaeaioeeae nieaeaiey oeai. Ieceee iieacaoaeue
icia/aao aacaeaenoaea /anoe nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa. A yoii neo/aa
iieacaoaeue iai?a/eaaaiinoe nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea oeacuaaao ia
iaiaoiaeeiinoue aeiaeaiey nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa a ae?oaie , aieaa
iiaeoiaeyuee a neiaeeaoeony oneiaeyo enoi/iee aeioiaeia.
I?e ionoonoaee ii?i cia/aiee iieacaoaeae iai?a/eaaaiinoe
neaaeoao ?ann/eoaoue eiyooeoeeaiou ca ianeieueei ia?eiaeia e
i?iaiaeece?iaaoue eo aeeiaieeo: onei?aiea iai?a/eaaaiinoe, o.a. ?ino
iieacaoaeae naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i iieiaeeoaeueiie oaiaeaioeee a ?acaeoee
i?aaei?eyoey, iiauoaiea aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe.
A oaaeeoea ? i?aaenoaaeai ?an/ao iieacaoaeae aeaeiaie
aeoeaiinoe.
Oaa. ?
?an/ao iieacaoaeae aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe
A n?aaeiai ia eaaeaeue ?oaeue aeoeaia aiaeece?oaiiai
i?aaei?eyoey ?aaeeciaaii i?iaeoeoeee ia 1.73 ?oa. Iaiiaeaiea caiania ia
i?aaei?eyoee n?aaeiai i?ienoiaeeo /a?ac 151 aeaiue. Eiyooeoeeaio
iai?a/eaaaiinoe nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa aeiaieueii aunie: ia eaaeaeue
?oaeue nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa a n?aaeiai i?eoiaeeony 2.9 ?oa. au?o/ee io
?aaeecaoeee.
Eiyooeoeeaiou ?aioaaaeueiinoe – oa?aeoa?ecotho i?eaueueiinoue
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, ?ann/eouaathony eae ioiioaiea iieo/aiiie
aaeainiaie eee /enoie i?eauee e cao?a/aiiui n?aaenoaai eee iauaio
?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee. ?acee/atho ?aioaaaeueiinoue anaai eaieoaea,
nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia, oeiainiauo aeiaeaiee,
i?iaeaae, ia?iaiaioiuo n?aaenoa.
NOUIINOUe IIA?AOeEE OI?OAOE?IAAIEss IAI «CI»
E?ecenii yaeaiey a yeiiiieea ?A canoaaeytho ian ii iiaiio
acaeyiooue ia ie?iaie iiuo, iaeiie ec aaaeiaeoeo oe?iei eniieuecoaiuo a
ie?iaie i?aeoeea oi?i n?aaeia e aeieain?i/iiai e?aaeeoiaaiey oi?aia,
naeaeie, yaeyaony iia?aoeey oi?oaoe?iaaiey. Ianiio?y ia ioiineoaeueiia
noaaeeueiia i?aaeeiaeaiea IAI «CI»- (iineaaeiaa niauoea a yeiiiieea
?innee, naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oii, /oi ieeoi ia iiaeao auoue, cano?aoiaai
io aaie?ionoaa, neiaeiinoe a ?an/aoao e i?i/eo iaaaoeaiuo yaeaiee,
i?enoua ia?aoiaeiui aac. nenoaiai e eaeiaui ioiineony iaoa no?aia,
i?aaeeaaaaiua iaie ia?ii?eyoey, caeeth/athony a ?ac?aaioea aai
aiaae?aiea iia?aoeee oi?oaoe?iaaiey, eae niiniaa ?aoaiey oaeoueo
iio?aaiinoae i?aaei?eyoey, o.a. IAI «CI»)
Aeiey oicyenoaaiiiai noauaeoa aaaeii eiaoue aeaeoth nenoaio
?an/aoia, n oai /oiau ?ac?aoeoue iio?aaeaiea ia ia?aie/eoue au ia
?aaiou. A oeaeii i?aaei?eyoea IAI «CI» nouanoaothuaio i?iaeo a neeo
iacaaiey auoa iacaaiiuo i?e/ei iu i?aaeeaaaai i?eiaiaiea iia?aoeee
oi?oaoe?iaaiey.
I?aaeeaaay iia?aoeeth oi?oaoe?iaaiey iicaieeo ?aaeeciaaoue
aeaiiue i?iaeo ianiio?y e aii?aee nouanoaothuei ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue a
i?iaeaiao e?aaeeoiaaiey e oeiaine?iaaiey.
Aeiey IAI «CI» iaiaoiaeeii ?ann/eoaoue niaieoiiua ecaea?aeee.
I?aaenoaaei neaaeothuoth neooaoeeth: noieiinoue iieo/aee iai?oaeiaaiey
ninoaaeyao 1000 ?oa. N?ie i?aaeinoaaeaiey ion?i/ee 4 aiaea,
caaeieaeaiiinoue iiaaoaaony ii aiaeiauie eciaeaie, ioi?ieaiiuie
ioaeaeueiuie i?inouie aaenaeyie iinoaaee e?aaeeoiaaiey 6 % aiaeiauo.
Aaaaeai iaicia/aiey
Niaieoiiua ecaea?aee iieoiaoaey. Iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue iiaaoaiey
aaenaeae iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae iioie ieaoaaeae. Niaieoiiua
ecaea?aeee iieoiaoaey n o/aoii oaeoi?a a?aiaie iiaeii iieo/eoue,
?ann/eoaa nia?aiaiioth aaee/eio yoiai iioiea ieaoaaeae. ?aiaa auei
neacaii, /oi noiia aaenaey iiaeao auoue iieo/aia aeaoiy iooyie: aa?eaio
«a» – i?ioeaiou ii e?aaeeoo ia/eneythony ia inoaoi/ioth noiio aeieaa,
aa?eaio «a» – i?ioeaiou ia/eneythony ia noiio iiaaoaiey iniiaiiai aeieaa
ii aaenaeth. Ii?aaeaeei niaieoiiua ecaea?aeee iieoiaoaey aeey yoeo aeaoo
aa?eaioia n o/aoii oiai, /oi oneiaey neaaeee naaeaine?iaaiu, o.a. n
iaiaoiaeeiie ei??aeoe?iaeie oeaiu n iiiiuueth iiiaeeoaey 1/Z
aa?eaio «a» Aeey yoiai aa?eaioa nia?aiaiiay aaee/eia ieaoaaeae ii
aaenaeyi ninoaaeo
Oi?ioea () i?aaeiieaaaao ,/oi oeaia oiaa?a ia nei??aeoe?iaaia.
Aaee/eio W iiaeii ?ann/eoaoue e i?e oneiaee, /oi oeaia oiaa?a oaea
o/oaia, oiaaea ioiaaeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue a ei??aeoe?othuai iiiaeeoaea
1/Z.
Aeiionoei, a iaoai neo/aa noaaea, eioi?ay oa?aeoa?ecoao
n?aaeiee o?iaaiue nnoaeiiai i?ioeaioa ia ?uiea, ?aaia 10 % aiaeiauo, /oi
niioaaonoaoao noaaea ca iieoaiaeea.
Oiaaea
AA?EAIO «A». I?e ia/eneaiee i?ioeaioia ia noiio aaenaey iieo/ei
Iiaenoaaei iaoe cia/aiey a oi?ioeo
Eae aeaeei, oaeie niinia ia/eneaiey i?ioeaioia i?e oneiaee ,
/oi q ( d ( i, aeaao noiio niaieoiiuo ecaea?aeae, eioi?ua iaiiiai
aieueoa , /ai i?e aa?eaioa «a».
Ieieiecaoeey ecaea?aeae. I/aaeaeii, /oi aaee/eia W j caaeneo io
oaeeo ia?aiao?ia naeaeee, eae n, i , Z j i?e caaeaiiii cia/aiee q. A
naith i/a?aaeue ia?aiao? Zj caaeneo io n,i, e, /oi aaaeii io o/aoiie
noaaee d. Aeey oiai, /oiau i?iaeieaeeoue aiaeec e i?ineaaeeoue iieiia
aeeyiea oaeoi?ia, aa?iainy e au?aaeaieyi () e (). ?ane?iai neiaee a
oi?ioea ? e iieo/ei .
au?aaeaiea
a naith i/a?aaeue au?aaeaiea
Eniieuecoy iieo/aiiua ooieoeee, i?ineaaeei iaeioi?ua aaaeiua a
i?aeoe/aneii ioiioaiee naienoaa Wj. I?aaeaea anaai iiaeii ioiaieoue, /oi
i?e iieei anaaaea iaaethaeaaony niioiioaiea W1( W2. Eia/a aiai?y,
niaieoiiua ecaea?aeee iieoiaoaey iaiueoa i?e ia/eneaiee i?ioeaioia ii
aa?eaioo «a». I?e/ai /ai aieueoa n e q, oai aieueoa ?aciinoue W1- W2 .
Aeeyiea enoiaeiie oeaiu ? i?inoi e i/aaeaeii : W j i?iii?oeeiiaeueii
?.
*oi aea eanaaony o/aoiie noaaee, oi ia ia?aue acaeyae i?aaenoaaeyaony,
/oi o/aoiay noaaea – aeaei oieueei aeiaiai?aiiinoe iaaeaeo i?iaeaaoeii e
aaieii- oi?oaeoi?ii e ia eiaao ioiioaiey e iieoiaoaeth. Iaeiaei , eae
auei iieacaii ?aiaa, i?e d( d * aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue a
ei??aeoe?iaea oneiaee naeaeee (aa oaei?iaeaiee) e , neaaeiaaoaeueii,
aeey iieoiaoaey a eiia/iii n/aoa iaaac?acee/ii, ii eaeie noaaea aoaeoo
o/eouaaoueny aaenaey. Iao?oaeii onoaiiaeoue, /oi aeeyiea o/aoiie noaaea
aoaeoo o/eouaaoueny aaenaey. Iao?oaeii onoaiiaeoue, /oi aeeyiea o/aoiie
noaaee iaeiicia/ii ii iai?aaeaieth- /ai auoa d, oai auoa aieueoa noiia
i?eaaaeaiiuo ecaea?aeae iieoiaoaey i?e anao i?i/eo iaeciaiiuo oneiaeyo.
A oaaeeoea ? eeethno?e?oaony aeeyiea ?inoa d ia i?eaaaeaiiua ecaea?aeee
iieoiaoaey W1 (aa?eaio 1). Neaaeoao aeiaaaeoue, /oi aeeyiea d noaiiaeony
ana aieaa caiaoiui i?e oaaee/aiee n e q.
Aeeyiea noaaee i?ioeaioia i ia aaee/eio i?eaaaeaiiuo ecaea?aeae
iaiaeiicia/ii. A iaeioi?uo neo/ayo aa ?ino i?eaiaeeo e oaaee/aieth Wj, a
ae?oaeo – e oiaiueoaieth. Iaeiaei a ethaii neo/aa yoi aeeyiea iaei
iuooeii a i?aeoe/anee i?eaieaiuo aeeaiaciiao cia/aiee, q,d, n. Iii
noaiiaeony caiaoiui eeoue i?e aieueoeo cia/aieyo n. A oaaeeoea ?
i?eaiaeeony aeaiiua , oa?aeoa?ecothuea W1 aeey ?aciuo cia/aiee i
(aa?eaio 2 e 3).
I?e ?an/aoa oaaee/iuo cia/aiee W1 i?eiyou neaaeothuea
ia?aiao?u : ?=1 000 000 oun. ?oa, q = 0.04881. A aa?eaioa 1 eciaiyeanue
oieueei o/aoiay noaaea i?e anao i?i/eo iaeciaiiuo oneiaeyo, a aa?eaioa
2: n = 14, d= 0.03; a aa?eaioa 3: n= 12, d=0.045.
oaa. ?
NOIIA?IUA I?EAAAeAIIUA ECAeA?AEE IIEOIAOAEss.
Iaeaieaa eioaineaiie e i?aeoe/anee aaaeiie yaeyaony
caaeneiinoue niaieoiiuo ecaea?aeae io eiee/anoaa iineaaeiaaoaeueii
iiaaoaiiuo aaenaeae n . Iao?oaeii iaia?oaeeoue, /oi i?e iaeieo
ni/aoaieyo enoiaeiuo ia?aiao?ia (i,d,q) cia/aiea Wj iiaeao ?anoe, i?e
ae?oaeo – iaaeaoue. Aieaa oiai, i?e iaeioi?uo ni/aoaieyo ia?aiao?ia
nouanoaoao oaeia eiee/anoai aaenaeae, i?e eioi?ii niaieoiiua ecaea?aeee
iieoiaoaey noaiiayony ieieiaeueiuie. *oiau ii?aaeaeeoue iioeiaeueiia
cia/aiea n ioaeii ?ann/eoaoue ?yaeu iieacaoaeae Wj aeey caaeaiiiai
iaai?a ia?aiao?ia.
A oaaeeoea ? i?eaiaeyony oa?aeoa?enoeee noiia?iuo ecaea?aeae
W 1 a caaeneiinoe io n aeey o?ao aa?eaioia oneiaee. Ai anao aa?eaioao
?=1000000 oun. ?oa., q = 0.08628. A aa?eaioa 1: d=0.04, i=0.03; a
aa?eaioa 2 : d=0.05 , i= 0.03; a aa?eaioa 3 : d = 0.06 , i= 0.05. Ii
aeaiiui oaaeeoeu ? e ec aeiiieieoaeueiuo ?an/aoia neaaeoao, /oi /ai
iaiueoa o/aoiay noaaea ii n?aaiaieth ni noaaeie, i?eiyoie i?e
aeeneiioiaaiee, oai aieueoa cia/aiea n, niioaaonoaothuaa ieieiaeueiie
aaee/eia ecaea?aeae. Iai?eia?, i?e ieceii cia/aiee o/aoiie noaaee
(d=0.04) ieieioi ecaea?aeae i?eoiaeeony ia n=18. Iiauoaiea d aei 0th05
naeaeaaao iioeiaeueiia aeey iieoiaoaey /enei n aei 11. I?e d= 0.06
iioeiaeueiia n ?aaii 6. A?aoe/aneay eeethno?aoeey aeeyiey d ia oi/eo
iioeioia i?eaaaeaia ia ?en ?.
Eciaiaiea noaaee i i?aeoe/anee ia io?aaeaaony ia iieiaeaiee
oi/ee iioeioia. Iai?eia?, anee a aa?eaioa 2 (oaaeeoea ?) noaaea
i?ioeaioia auea au ia 0.03, a 0.05 , oi iioeiaeueiui iiyoue ieacaeinue
au n=11.
Aeeyiea n ?acee/ii ii iai?aaeaieth. Iiyoiio i?aeoe/anee
oaeiaiaa a eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii neo/aa auiieieoue ?yae ?an/aoia ii
ioeaiea Wj aeey ?acee/iuo cia/aiee n.
Aeeyiea noaaee q iaeiicia/ii- /ai iia auoa, oai iaiueoa
aaee/eia niaieoiiuo ecaea?aeae. Aa iiauoaiea i?e anao i?i/eo iieacaoaeyo
ioiaeaeaaao oi/eo iioeioia. Oae, anee a aa?eaioa 2 (oaaeeoea ?) i?eiyoue
q= 0.13578 aianoi q= 0.08628, oi oi/ea iioeioia naeaeiaony aei n =
16.Niioaaonoaothuea cia/aiey Wj iieacaiu a oaaeeoea ? (aa?eaio 2).
Oaeei ia?acii. Iia?aoeey oi?oaoe?iaaiey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
aanueia i?eaeaeaoaeueioth aeueoa?iaoeao ae?oaei, aieaa ecaanoiui
(o?aaeeoeeiiiui) oi?iai e?aaeeoiaaiey, oae eae yoa iia?aoeey ioee/aaony
i?inoaoie auno?ie i?aaiecaoeee e aeaeinoueth e?aaeeoiaaiey. Aeey IAI
«CI» iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoue /enei ia?eiaeia iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa e
aaee/eio ieaoaaeae aeey aeinoeaeaiey yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey a
oeaeii.
IIAUOAIEA I?EAUEE I?AAeI?EssOEss, A ?ACOEUeOAOA
IIA?AOeEE OI?OAOE?IAAIEss.
A ?acoeueoaoa i?aaeeiaeaiiie iia?aoeee oi?oaoe?iaaiey aeey
i?eia?aoaiey eeiee ii ioai?o e?oiu, i?e ()
——————————-
3-o ni?oiiai iiiiea ia IAI «CI»a aeeieiiiie i?aeoeea, i?aaeeiaeai ?an/ao
n/n i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee (e i?eauee ), ieaie?oaiue iauai
i?iecaiaenoaa aei 2000 aiaea e i?eaueue i?aaei?eyoey.
A oaaeeoea ? i?aaenoaaeai ieaie?oaiue iauai i?iecaiaenoaa.
A 1999 aiaeo ieaie?oaony oaaee/aiea iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa
iaea?iiiie e?oiee ia 45 %. A ?acoeueoaoa aiaae?aiey iai?oaeiaaiey ii
i?iecaiaenoao iaea?iiiie e?oiee. Oeaia ?aaeecaoeee ca 1 o. inoaaony ia
i?aaeiai o?iaia 2.3.oun.?oa.
Iinea ?aaeecaoeee iaeueieoeu 3-o ni?oiiai iiiiea iauai
i?iecaiaenoaa ioee oaaee/eeny ia 23 % (21.856 aei 28.345 o. a aiae)
A naaanoieiinoe o/eouaaaony cao?aou i?ioeiai o?oaea, ?O
ia?aienaiiua ia aiiaue nicaeaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth, ecaea?aeee, naycaiiua n
eniieueciaaieai aeeaiai o?oaea (iieaoa o?oaea ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo),
i?i/ea cao?aou. Naaanoieiinoue yaeyaony /anoueth noieiinoe i?iaeoeoeee
iieacuaaao, ai /oi iaoiaeeony i?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoeee aeey
i?aaei?eyoey.
OAAEEOeA 2.2
No?oeoo?a n\n i?iecaiaenoaa eiiaeei?iii IAI «CI»
iaeiaiiaaiea 1997
1 ea. 1998 a.
anaai o.?. ia 1 o. a % e 1996
anaai ia 1o. % e 1997
iauai i?iecaiaenoaa 24094.4 77.0 7314
888901.0
(oiiiu)
iieiay n\n 22055325.5 915371 1.8
6501418.5 97.1
a oii /enea nu?uea e
OC? 17454018 724401 1.8
54117235 739913.0 102,1
oiieeai
yia?aey
iieaoa o?oaea
ia/eneaiea c/i
oeaeaaua ?anoiaeu
iauacaaiae. ?anoiaeu
i?i/ea ?anoiaeu
a. o ./. iaeiae
eoiai ecaea?aeae
?aioaaaeueiinoue, %
i?eaueue
oiaa?iay i?iaeoeoeey
AIAEEC NAAANOIEIINOE I?IAeOEOeEE
Naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee ioiineony e /eneo aaaeiaeoeo
ea/anoaaiiuo iieacaoaeae , a iaiauaiiii aeaea io?aaeathueo ana noi?iiu
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey (oe?i, eiiiaiee), eo
aeinoeaeaiey e iaaeinoaoee. O?iaaiue naaanoieiinoe naycai n iauaiii e
ea/anoaii i?iaeoeoeee, eniieueciaaieai ?aai/aai a?aiaie, nu?uey,
iaoa?eaeia, iai?oaeiaaiey, ?anoiaeiaaieai oiiaea iieaou o?oaea e o.ae.
Nianoaaiiinoue, a naith i/a?aaeue, yaeyaony iniiaiie ii?aaeaeaiey oeai
ia i?iaeoeoeeth. Nieaeaiea aa i?eaiaeeo e oaaee/aieth noiiu i?eauee e
o?iaiy ?aioaaaeueiinoe. *oiau aeiaeaaoueny nieaeaiey naaanoieiinoe,
iaaei ciaoue aa ninoaa, no?oeoo?o e oaeoi?u aa aeeiaieee.
Naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee i?aaenoaaeyao niaie noieiinoioth
ioeaieo eniieuecoaiuo a i?ioeann i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia, nu?uey, iaoa?eaeia, oiieeaa, yia?aee, iniiaiuo oiiaeia,
o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia e ae?oaeo cao?ao ia aa i?iecaiaenoai e ?aaeecaoeeth.
OAA. ? No?oeoo?a n/n i?iecaiaenoaa eiiaeei?iia IAI «CI»
Iaeiaiiaaiea
iauai i?-aa(oiiiu)
iieiay n/n
a oii /enea
nu?uea e OC?
oiieeai
yia?aey
iieaoa o?oaea
ia/eneaiea ia ca?ieaoo
oeaoiaua ?anoiaeu
iauacaaiaeneea ?anoiaeu
% ca e?aaeeo
i?i/ea ?anoiaeu
a o./. iaeiae
eoiai ecaea?aeae
?aioaaaeueiinoue, %
i?eaueue
oiaa?iay i?iaeoeoeey
OAA. ? Ecaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa ia 1 o. e/ei?iia
Iaeiaiiaaiea anaai 1 oi anaai 1 oi
iauai i?iecaiaenoaa
iieiay n/noieiinoue
a o./. nu?uea
oiieeai
yia?aey
c/ieaoa
%
oneoae
aii?oecaoeeiiiua i.o.
i?i/ea ?anoiaeu
iaoa?eaeu
% ca e?aaeeo
iaeiae
eoiai ecaea?aeae
Oaaeeoea? n/noieiinoue a?a/iaaie e?oiiu 1997 a.
Iaeiaiiaaiea 1 2 3 4 aiae
nu?uea
c/ieaoa
%
aii?oecaoeey i.o.
aei?iaeiue oiiae
caiaeueiue iaeia
eoiai n/noieiinoue
O.I.
i?eaueue
?aioaaaeueiinoue, %
Aiaeece?oy oaaeeoeu ( ) iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi n/n
eiiaeei?iia a 1997a. auea ieaea, /an a 1998 a. yoi iauyniyaony
oaaee/aieai oaeeo ?anoiaeia , eae : oiieeai, iaoa?eaeu ia 43,20 % ca
e?aaeeo ia 83.20 % .Oaaee/eeanue ca?aaioiay ieaoa ia 27, 1%.
?aioaaaeueiinoue ei?iia a 1997 a. ninoaaeea 22, 4 %, a ia?aii eaa?oaea
1998 ?aioaaaeueiinoue oaaee/eeanue ia 1, 2%, ca n/ao oaaee/aiey iauaai
/enea ecaea?aeae.
?anniao?eaay naaanoieiinoue a?a/iaaie e?oiu aeaeii, /oi
ca?aaioiay ieaoa auea iaeaieueoae a 4 eaa?oaea 1998 a. ca n/ao yoiai
naaanoieiinoue oaaee/eeanue a 4, 5 ?aca ii n?aaiaieth n 1 ea., i?eaueue
a 4 ea. ninoaaeea 53207,7 o. ?oa, /oi oaaee/eei o?iaaiue ?aioaaaeueiinoe
aei 107, 7 %, oioy a 3 ea. auee oauoee, a iauai ?aioaaaeueiinoue
a?a/iaaie e?oiu a 1998 aiaeo ninoaaeea 53 %. Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee
i?iaeoeoeee auea iaeaieueoae a 4 ea. (102604.7). Ca n/ao i?iaeaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee iauay ?aioaaaeueiinoue nio?aieea naia ioiineoaeueiia
?aaiiaanea a n?aaiaiee n i?aaeuaeoueie aiaeaie.
Iieacaoaeue ?aioaaaeueiinoe i?iaeoeoeee iieacuaaao neieueei
i?eauee aeaao eaaeaeue ?oaeue noieiinoe ?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee. A
1998 a. yoio iieacaoaeue ninoaaee (79209.7: 228661.3)* 100 % = 34.6 %.
Yoi cia/eo, /oi a oeaeii i?aaei?eyoea ooieoeeiie?oao a ?aieao
aeiionoeiiai. A 1998 a. ?aioaaaeueiinoue nieceeanue aei 20 %, a a 1999
aiaeo i?aaeiieaaaaony nieaeaiea aei 15 % ec-ca aunieie noieiinoe nu?uey.
?anniao?eaay ioeo e i?iecaiaenoai naycaiiia n iae a 1998 aiaeo
—–
a. cai?ao ia oaaee/aiea oi?aiaie iaaeaaaee nauoa 20 %, a 17.09.98 a.
I?aceaeaio ?A ecaeae caeii ia eciaiaiee oeaiu, oeaiu iiaeieiaoue aac
yeiiiie/aneiai iainiiaaiey () cai?auaii. A ia?eiae e?ecena 1998 a. IAI
«CI» iioa?ye 2-3 iei. iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa. Ca?ii caeoiaaiia IAI «CI»
oaaee/eeinue a oeaia a 2 ?aca, /oi a 1999 a. i?aaeiieaaaao nieaeaiea
o?iaiy ?aioaaaeueiinoe aei 10 %, iauai i?iecaiaenoaa ia o?iaia 1998
aiaea aiciiaeii oiaiueoaiea, ca n/ao o?iaiy 1998 a. aiciiaeii
oiaiueoaiea, ca n/ao yoiai aeiey iinoiyiiuo cao?ao oaaee/eony, noi
i?eaaaeao e oaaee/aieth naaanoieiinoe. A iineaaeiaa aiaeu a
i?iecaiaenoaa ioee iaaethaeaaony nieaeaiea o?iaiy ?aioaaaeueiinoe, 19997
aiae (42 %), 1998 a. (30 %),1999 a. eae aiai?eeinue ?aiaa aei 10 %
i?aaei?eyoee noa?aaony nio?aieoue naia i?iecaiaenoai, caeeth/aao
aeiaiai?a ia iinoaaeo nu?uey ii i?eaieaiui oeaiai, auaiaeiui aeey iaai.
AIAEEC OEIAINIAI-OICssENOAAIIIE
AeAssOAEUeIINOE I?AAeI?EssOEss
AIAEEC IAOO?AEUeIUO E NOIEIINOIUO IIEACAOAEAE IAUAIA I?IAeOEOeEE
Oeiainiaia ninoiyiea oicyenoaothuaai noauaeoa- yoi
oa?aeoa?enoeea aai oeiainiaie eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe (o.a.
ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe, e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe), eniieueciaaiey oeiainiauo
?ano?nia e eaieoaea, auiieiaiey iaycaoaeuenoa ia?aae ainoaea?noaii e
ae?oaeie oicyenoaothueie noauaeoaie.
Aeaeaeaiea ethauo oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, o?oaeiauo e
iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia nii?iaiaeaeaaony ia?aciaaieai e ?anoiaeiaaiea
aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa, iioiio oeiainiaia ninoiyiea oicyenoaothuaai
noauaeoa io?aaeaao ana noi?iiu aai i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oi?aiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe. Oa?aeoa?enoeea oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey oicyenoaothuaai
noauaeoa aeeth/aao aiaeec: – aeioiaeiinoe (?aioaaaeueiinoe)
– oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe;
– e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe ;
– eniieueciaaiey eaieoaea ;
– o?iaiy naiioeiaine?iaaiey;
– aaethoiie naiiieoiaaiinoe;.
Enoi/ieeii eioi?iaoeee aeey aiaeeca oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey
yaeythony aooaaeoa?neee aaeain e i?eeiaeaiea e iaio, noaoenoe/aneay e
iia?aoeaiay io/aoiinoue.
Aeey aiaeeca oeiainiai-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey oaeea iaiaoiaeei aiaeec iaoo?aeueiuo e noieiinoiuo
iieacaoaeae iauaia i?iaeoeoeee.
OAA. ? Aeeiaieea i?iecaiaenoaa iauaia i?iaeoeoeee ca 3 aiaea.
–
1996 1997 1998
Iieacaoaee
a o./. ?A
a o./. ?A
a o./. ?A
anaai oi % anaai oi % anaai oi %
ia?a?aaioaii ioaieoeu, anaai a o./.
iaeueeiiaeiaoa
aeaaaeue/aneie
i?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoeee, anaai a o./.
iaeueeiiaeiaoa
aeaaaeue/aneie
Ea/anoaaiiay ioeaiea eciaiaiey oece/aneiai iauaia i?iiuoeaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee aeaaony i?e iiiiue aaniethoiuo e ioiineoaeueiuo iieacaoaeae
aeeiaieee. Aiaeece?oy aeaiiua aeaeii, /oi a 1998 aiaeo auei ia?a?aaioaii
ioaieoeu 58537 oiii, /oi ninoaaeyao 118 % e 1997 aiaeo e 92 % e 1999
aiaeo. A 1998 aiaeo iaaethaeaaony nieaeaiea iauaai eiee/anoaa
ia?a?aaaouaaaiie ioaieoeu, /oi iauyniyaony oaaee/aieai oeaiu ia ca?ii e
iaaeaiea ni?ina ia i?iaeoeoeeth. I?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoeee a 1998 a.
oaeaea nie?aoeeinue ia 10 % e 1997 aiaeo, «CI» i?eieiaao nu?uea ia
ia?a?aaioeo, ca eioi?oth iieo/aao iieaoo. I?iaeoeoeey oaeiai
i?iecaiaenoaa iacuaaaony aeaaaeue/aneay. N 1997 a. i?iecaiaenoai
aeaaaeue/aneie i?iaeoeoeee iinoaiaiii nieaeaaony. 1997 aiae ii anai
iieacaoaeyi ieacaeny iaeaieaa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiui. A iai eae aiai?eeinue
?aiaa ia?a?aaioaii ioaieoeu e i?iecaaaeaii i?iaeoeoeee
aieueoa /ai a aeaoo niaaeiuo aiaeao. Yoi iauyniyaony oaaee/aieai iauaia
i?iecaiaenoaa ca n/ao caeoia ca?ia ii ieceei oeaiai ec-ca o?iaiy ca?ia.
A 1998 a. auei i?iecaaaeaii ii 10 oiii oeaaa a nooee. Ia aeaiiua iiiaio
i?iecaiaenoai oeaaa nie?aoeeinue ia 40 %, yoi iauyniyaony iiyaeaoeiny a
?anioaeeea ieie-iaea?iyie, /oi ninoaaeytho eiieo?aioeeth i?aaei?eyoeth.
Aiaeec aeeiaieee iniiaiuo oiiaeia i?iaiaeeony aeey eco/aiey
n?aaeiaaiaeiaie noaoenoeee iniiaiuo n?aaenoa, oaoie/aneiai ninoiyiey
iniiaiuo oiiaeia, yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey.
OAA. ? AIAEEC INIIAIUO OIIAeIA
iaoiaeeony a oaeea oaa.
Niaeanii oaaeeoea ? a 1996 a. auauei iniiaiuo n?aaenoa 2464
oun. ?oa., a aaaaeaii a yenieoaoaoeeth n?aaenoa ia noiio 1530 o. ?oa. A
1997 a. ea?oeia oaeiaa, auauei n?aaenoa ia noiio 33252 o. ?oa., a
aaaaeaii ia 1345 o. ?oa. Auauoea iniiaiuo n?aaenoa iauyniyaony
onoa?aaoei iai?oaeiaaieai, eioi?ia i?eoei a iaaiaeiinoue, a oaeaea e
iiiaei ae?oaei.
Ia 01.01.98 iniiaiua n?aaenoaa ninoaaeee 729868 o.?., /oi a 2,8
?aca aieueoa a n?aaiaiee n 1997 aiaeii. Yoi iauyniyaony ia?aiioeaieie
iniiaiuo n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa, eioi?ay i?ienoiaeeo a ia/aea eaaeaeiai
io/aoiiai aiaea.
AIAEEC OEIAINIAIAI NIOIssIEss
*
– Aiaeec oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey e iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa, aai
oeaeueth yaeyaony iiae?iaiay oa?aeoa?enoeea eiouanoaaiiiai e oeiainiaiai
iieiaeaiey aac. noauaeoa, ?acoeueoaoia aai aeayoaeueiinoe a enoaeoai
io/aoiii ia?eiaea, a oaeaea aiciiaeiinoae ?acaeoey noauaeoa ia
ia?niaeoeao.
Aiaeece?oy aeaiiua oaaeeoe ? i?eoiaeeo e neaaeothuae ea?oeia :
iieacaoaee aeathuaa iaiauaiioth noieiinoioth ioeaieo aeoeaia, /eneyueany
ia aaeaina i?aaei?eyoey a aeeiaieea 1997 a. eiaao oaiaeaioeeth e
nieaeaieth ia 17541306 ?oa. (92307066- 74765799), a a 1998 aiaeo
oaiaeaioeeth e oaaee/aieth (83647894-74765758)= 10882136 ?. ?ino yoiai
iieacaoaey naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i ia?aueaaiee eiouanoaaiiiai iioaioeeaea
i?aaei?eyoey. Aeiey iniiaiuo n?aaenoa a aeoeaao nieaeaaony a 1997 e
i?iaeieaeaao 1998 a. Ca 2 aiaea iia nieceeanue ia 0, 18. Yoi cia/eo,
/oi iaoeiu, iai?oaeiaaiea e o?ainii?oiua n?aaenoaa, o.a. aeoeaiua /anoue
iniiaiuo n?aaenoa oiaiueoaaony, /oi iiaeao i?eaanoe e iaaeaeaoaeueiui
iineaaenoaeyi.
Aaee/eia nianoaaiiuo iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa, yoi oa /anoue
nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea i?aaei?eyoey, eioi?ay yaeyaony enoi/ieeii iie?uoey
oaeoueo aeoeaia i?aaei?eyoey (o.a. aeoeaia eiathueo iai?a/eaaaiinoue
iaiaa iaeiiai aiaea). A 1997 aiaeo i?ienoiaeeo ?aceia nieaeaiea a 2.86
?aca, /oi i?eaaei e iaonoie/eaiio oeiainiaiio iieiaeaieth i?aaei?eyoey.
I?eaueue auea i/aiue iaea, iiyoiio oaaee/aiey iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa ia
iaaethaeaeinue, i?eaueue ooiaeeea ia ae?oaea ioaeaeu i?iecaiaenoaa. A
1998 aiae i?ienoiaeeo iacia/eoaeueiia oaaee/aiea nianoaaiiuo iai?ioiuo
n?aaenoa ia 37o % (15716426 / 11478965).
Iaiaa?aiiinoue nianoaaiiuo iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa oa?aeoa?ecoao
/anoue nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa , o.a. n?aaenoa, eiathueo aaniethoioth
eeeaeaeiinoue. A 1997 aiaeo yoio iieacaoaeue aue ?aaai 0.219 , a eiioea
1997 a. 0.07 i?iecioei nieaeaiea , oioy i?aaei?eyoea ooieoeeiie?oao
ii?iaeueii niaeanii ii?iaoeaai, ii eeeaeaeiinoue nianoaaiiuo iai?ioiuo
n?aaenoa nieceeanue, /oi i?eaaei e iioa?e iaaieueoie /anoe ?uiea, /anoe
iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa. A 1998 aiaeo yoio iieacaoaeue eciaieeny
iacia/eoaeueii.
Eiyooeoeeaio oaeouae eeeaeaeiinoe aeaao iauoth ioeaieo
eeeaeaeiinoe aeoeaia, iieacuaay, neieueei ?oaeue oaeoueo aeoeaia
i?aaei?eyoey i?eoiaeeony ia iaeei ?oaeue oaeoueo iaycaoaeuenoa. A 1997
aiaeo yoio iieacaoaeue oaaee/eeny ia 200 % , ii/oe a 2 ?aca. Yoi
cia/eo, /oi oaeouea aeoeau, o.a. oi /ai ?aniieaaaao i?aaei?eyoea,
i?aauoaao oaeouea iaycaoaeuenoaa. *ai aieueoa yoi i?aauoaiea, oai
oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea noaaeeueiaa.
Eiyooeoeeaio auno?ie eeeaeaeiinoe a 1997 a. oaeaea
oaaee/eaaaony, /oi aucaaii oaaee/aieai iai?ioiuo aeoeaia ia 4192688
?oa., oiaiueoaieai e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe 16 % e caeiiiuo
n?aaenoa anao ia eiiaoe aiaea. A 1998 aiaeo yoio iieacaoaeue
oiaiueoeeny, oioy e iacia/eoaeueii ia 28 %, /oi aucaaei ca n/ao
oaaee/aiey e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe, caaiiuo n?aaenoa aaieia,
?an/aoia n oiiaeaie iio?aaeaiey.
Eiyooeoeeaio aaniethoiie eeeaeaeiinoe ( ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe),
iieacuaaao eaeay /anoue e?aaeeoiuo caaiiuo n?aaenoa iiaeao auoue
iiaaoaia i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe iineaaeiaai. A 1997 aiaeo iaaethaeaaony
oaaee/aiea eiyooeoeeaioa , a a 1998 a. oiaiueoaiea. Oaaee/aiea
i?iecioei ca n/ao oaaee/aiey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ia ?an/aoiuo n/aoao e
aaethoiii n/aoa. Ia aaethoiii n/aoa i?iecioei ?aceia oaaee/aiea n 120
aei 105073 ?oa., /oi ninoaaeyao 876 % , ii/oe a 9 ?ac, i?aaei?eyoea
ia?aaaei aeaiueae ec eannu ia aaethoiua n/aoa. ?aaioa n eiino?aiiuie
oe?iaie i?eaaei oaeaea e oaaee/aieth yoiai n/aoa. Oaeaea nieceeanue e
e?aaeeoi?neay caaeieaeaiiinoue. A 1998 a. nieaeaiea eiyooeoeeaioa
i?iecioei ca n/ao oaaee/aiey e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe e caaiiuo
n?aaenoa.
Aeiey nianoaaiiuo iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa a iie?uoee caiania
oa?aeoa?ecoao oo /anoue noieiinoe caiania, eioi?ay iie?uaaaony ca n/ao
nianoaaiiuo iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa. A 1997 aiaeo i?iecioei oaaee/aiea yoiai
iieacaoaey n 0.2795 aei 0.7196 aaeeieoe. Yoi i?iecioei ca n/ao
oaaee/aiey iai?ioiuo aeoeaia a iauae noiia aeaaeoi?neie
caaeieaeaiiinoe, oiaiueoaiey caiania (aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee).A 1998 a.
i?ienoiaeeo oiaiueoaiea yoiai iieacaoaey, ca n/ao oiaiueoaiey nu?uey,
iaoa?eaeia, e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe , caaiiuo n?aaenoa. A ia/aea
ia?eiaea caaiiuo n?aaenoa o i?aaei?eyoey ia auei, a a eiioea iie
ninoaaeyee 2905731 ?oa. Oaaee/aiea yoiai eiyooeoeeaioa eiaao
aeaaioai?eoaeueioth oaiaeaioeeth.
Eiyooeoeeaio iie?uoey caiania yoi niioiioaiea aaee/eiu
«ii?iaeueiuo» enoi/ieeia iie?uoey caiania e noiia caiania. A ia/aea 1997
a. yoio eiyooeoeeaio aue ieaea 1, a eeoa?aoo?a yoi naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i
iaonoie/eaii oeiainiaii iieiaeaiee, ii a eiioea yoio iieacaoaeue au?in
aei 1.75 ca n/ao oiaiueoaiey caiania i?iecaiaenoaa e oaaee/aiey
e?aoein?i/iuo ianneaia, a oaeaea oiaiueoaiey noaouee oauoeia. A 1998
yoio iieacaoaeue ia eciaieeny, /oi aiai?eo ia oiaiueoaiee iaeieo noaoae
e oaaee/aiea ae?oaeo. A oeaeii niioiioaiea inoaeinue iaeciaiiui. Aeey
i?aaei?eyoey ?ino yoiai iieacaoaey aeaaii?eyoai, a noaaeeueiay cia/aiey
yoiai eiyooeoeeaioa aua eo/oa.
Iaeia ec aaaeiaeoeo oa?aeoa?enoee oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey
i?aaei?eyoey – noaaeeueiinoue aai aeayoaeueiinoe a naaoa aeieain?i/iie
ia?niaeoeaa. Iia naycaia n iauae oeiainiaie no?oeoo?ie i?aaei?eyoey,
noaiaiueth aai caaeneiinoe io e?aaeeoi?ia e eiaanoi?ia. Oeiainiaay
onoie/eainoue a aeieain?i/iii ia?eiaea oa?aeoa?ecoaony, neaaeiaaoaeueii
, niioiioaieai nianoaaiiuo e caaiiuo n?aaenoa. Eiyooeoeeaio
eiioeaio?aoeee nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea oa?aeoa?ecoao aeieth aeaaeaeueoeaa
i?aaei?eyoey a iauae noiiu n?aaenoa, aaaee?oaiuo a aai aeayoaeueiinoue.
*ai auoa cia/aiea yoiai iieacaoaey, oai aieaa oeiainiai onoie/eai,
noaaeeueii e iacaaeneii io aiaoieo e?aaeeoi?ia i?aaei?eyoey. A 1997
aiaeo yoio eiyooeoeeaio oaaee/eeny ia (0.94- 0.9082)= 0.001318, yoi
i?iecioei ca n/ao oiaiueoaiey iniiaiuo n?aaenoa, aeieain?i/iuo
oeiainiauo aeiaeaiee, oiaiueoaiey noaouee oauoee e noaouee ?aca?aiiai
eaieoaea, oaaee/aiey onoaaiiai eaieoaea, yoi i?iecioei ca n/ao
ia?aioeaiee iniiaiuo n?aaenoa. A 1998 aiaeo yoio iieacaoaeue
oiaiueoeeny, oioy e iacia/eoaeueii n 0.94 aei 0.87 . A 1998 a. oaeaea
oaaee/aiey onoaaiie eaieoae, ii e oaaee/eeenue iai?ioiue aeoeau, a o.a.
/enea caeiiu, eiaanoeoeee, aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa (eanna) e n?aaenoaa ia
?an/aoiuo n/aoao.
Eiyooeoeeaio oeiainiaie caaeneiinoe ia?aoiue eiyooeoeeaioo
eiioeaio?aoeee nianoaaiiiai eaieoaea ?anniao?eaay, yoio iieacaoaeue
aeaeii , /oi i?aaei?eyoey ii/oe iieiinoueth naiioeiaine?iaaiey , yoio
iieacaoaeue aeecie e 1. A 1997 a. i?iecioei oaaee/aiea, ii
iacia/eoaeueiia , o.e. iiyaeeenue caeiiiua n?aaenoaa (o.a. e?aaeeo aaiea
a ?acia?a 2905731 ?oa.) A oeaeii eae aiai?eeinue ?aiaa, i?aaei?eyoea
naiioeiaine?iaaiea.
Eiyooeoeeaio aeieain?i/iiai aeiaeaiey no?oeoo?u, iieacuaaao
eaeay /anoue iniiaiuo n?aaenoa e i?i/eo aia iai?ioiuo aeoeaia
i?ioeiaine?iaaia aiaoieie eiaanoi?aie, o.a. i?eiaaeeaaeeo ei, a ia
aeaaeaeueoeai i?aaei?eyoey. Yoio eiyooeoeeaio ?ann/eoaoue iaaiciiaeii,
o.e. aeieain?i/iuo e?aaeeoia, caeiia iao. Eiyooeoeeaio niioiioaiey
nianoaaiiuo e i?eaea/aiiuo n?aaenoa. ?ino yoiai iieacaoaey a aeeiaieea
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao ia oneeaiee caaeneiinoe i?aaei?eyoey io aiaoieo
eiaanoi?ia e e?aaeeoi?ia. A 1997 a. yoi e iaaethaeaaony eiyooeoeeaio
au?in ia 0.09 /oi naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oeiainiaie, oioy e iaaieueoie
iaonoie/eainoe. A 1997 aiaeo i?ienoiaeeo oiaiueoaiey iieacaoaey, /oi
aeieaeii aeaaioai?ii neacaoueny ia oeiainiaia ninoiyiea.
A 1997 a. nianoaaiiua iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa ninoaaeee ia ia/aei
3370163 ?oa., ia eiiaoe 11483934 ?. A 1998 a. ia ia/aei 11483934, ia
eiiaoe 15721495 ?. Iaaethaeaaony oaaee/aiea nianoaaiiuo iai?ioiuo
n?aaenoa, /oi yaeyaony aeaaii?eyoiie oaiaeaioeeae. O i?aaei?eyoey, /ai
aieueoa nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa, oai eo/oa.
I?eaueue io i?iecaiaenoaa oaaee/eeanue ia 1273 ?oaey, a
?acoeueoaoa ?aioaaaeueiinoue nieceeanue, i?e ie eciaiie naaanoieiinoe.
I?eaueue io ?aaeecaoeee oiaiueoeeanue ia 4938, 6 a o./. e i?eaueue io
i?iecaiaenoaa, e i?eaueue io oi?aiaee oaeaea oiaiueoeeanue.
?aioaaaeueiinoue oiaea ia 13.1 %. Aaeainiaay i?eaueue nieceeanue, a
ca?aaioiay ieaoa iaiai?io oaaee/eeanue n 1763.3. aei 2096.8 ?oaeae.
?anniao?eaay eiie?aoii i?iecaiaenoai, oi iiaeii naeaeaoue
neaaeothuea auaiaeu 1998 aiae aue ii iiiaei iieacaoaeyi ia ianoa,
i?iecaiaenoai ioee (aunoaai, 1 e 2 ni?oia)ninoaaeythuaai 46438 oiii a
aiae, oaeie (ioee) iaaee?ee 1695 oiii. Oiaa?iiai?io anaai ninoaaee
101370.4 ?oa. a 1997 a. 84417.1 iei. ?oa, /oi 83 %, a 1999 aiaeo
100205.4 iei. ?oaeae (98.8%). Oeaaiaoei/iuo ecaeaeee auei aieueoa
auiouaii a 1998 aiaeo, oaeaea a yoii aea e?oia a?a/iaaay, e?oia iaiiay
caieiaao eeaee?othuea iiceoeee. Oi?aiaie oiaa?iiai?io a 1999 aiaeo
ninoaaee 26 iei. ?oa., /oi auoa 1997 aiaea ia 62%, e 1998 ia 14 %.
Oaeei ia?acii, ?acoeueoaou aeaiiiai aiaeeca iiaoo
iieiaeeoaeueii iiaeeyoue ia ?aoaiea aaiea -oi?oaeoi?a i i?aaeinoaaeaiee
iieoiaoaeth e?aaeeoa ia oneiaeyo oio?aoe?iaaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe.
Aeey i?eia?aoaiey eeiee ii i?iecaiaenoao iaea?iiiie e?oiea e
?aeiino?oeoeee eeiee 3-o ni?iiai iiiiea, iaiaoiaeeiu eaieoaeueiua
aeiaeaiey. ?an/ao iio?aaeoaeueneie eai. aeiaeaiee i?aaenoaaeai a oaa ?
Iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan eaieoaeueiuo aeiaeaiee ninoaaeyao
iaoeiu e iai?oaeiaaiea. Ia eo i?eia?aoaiea e onoaiiaeo ieaie?oaony
auaeaeeoue 700 oun. ?oa. ec iieo/aiiiai e?aaeeoa. Iauay iio?aaiinoue a
1999 aiaeo ninoaaeyao 1000 ?oa.
Eiia/iui ?acoeueoaoii oeiainiaie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey
yaeyaony aaeainiaay i?eaueue, eioi?ay ?ann/eouaaaony ii oi?ioea (?)
IA=I?+EI+IAI , aaea
IA – aaeainiaay i?eaueue,
II- i?eaueue (oauoie) io i?i/eo ?aaeecaoeee,
IAI- aeioiaeu e ?anoiaeu ii aia?aaeecaoeeiiiui iia?aoeeyi,
I?- i?eaueue io ?aaeecaoeee.
I?eaueue io ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia, ?aaio, oneoa ?ann/eouaaaony ii
oi?ioea ?
I?=AAe-3i?.= IAeN (), aaea
AAe- aaeiaie aeioiae (au?o/ea) io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee,
Ci?. – cao?aou ia i?iecaiaenoai e ?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoeoeee (iieiay
naaanoieiinoue)
IAeN – iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue.
II= 829 ?oa-
Aaeainiaay i?eaueue = 5912.9 ?.- 829 ?.= 5083.9 ?oa.
iaeiaiiaeaaaaiay i?eaueue = 5083, 9 ?.
iaeiae e nai?u = 1779.4 ?oa.
/enoay i?eaueue= 3304.5 ?oa.
Eciaiaiey i?eauee i?aaei?eyoey i?aaenoaaeaiu a oa. ? . Oaeei
ia?acii i?aaeiieaaaaony oaaee/aiea i?eauee ia 20 % (n 32643.6 aei 3304.5
?oa.) Yoi aiciiaeii a ?acoeueoaoa aaaaeaiey a yenieoaoaoeeth iiaiai
iai?oaeiaaiey e ?aeiino?oeoeee iaeueieoe ca n/ao iia?aoeee
oi?oaoe?iaaiey. oi?oaoe?iaaiea iicaieyao iieoiaoaeth ecaaaeaoue
oaaee/aiey noieiinoe e?aaeeoiaaiey a nayce n ?inoii i?ioeaioiuo noaaie.
I?aaeeiaeaiiay iaoiaeeea oi?oaoe?iaaiey iicaieeo IAI «CI»
iiauneoue yooaeoeaiinoue i?aaei?eyoey a oeaeii.
Aa?eaio A
Aeeneiio a iieueco aaiea- oi?oaeoi?a i?e o/aoa ii?ooaey aaenaeae
ii?aaeaeyaony:
n
D=( Vt (d(t = 1135000- 937000= 198000 oun. ?oa,
t=1
n
aaea, ( Vt = 1135000 oun.?oa.- aaenaeueiay noiia anaai ii?ooaey
aaenaeae,
t =1
aeioiae i?iaeaaoea io i?iaeaiiiai ii?ooaey aaeneae
n
A= ( Vt (1-t(d)= 937 000 oun.?oa.
t=1
Aa?eaio A
Aeeneiio a iieueco aaiea -oi?oaeoi?a i?e o/aoa ii?ooaey aaenaeae
n
D=( Vt(d(t = 1135 000- 924400=210600 oun. ?oa.
t=1
aeioiae i?iaeaaoea io i?iaeaiiiai ii?ooaey aaenaeae :
n
A=( Vt (1-t -d)= 924 400 oun. ?oa.
t=1
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