Othiaineee Ainoaea?noaaiiue Einoeooo Eneonnoa e Eoeueoo?u
Eaoaae?a «?aaeenna? oaao?aeeciaaiiuo i?acaeieeia e i?aaenoaaeaiee»
Eiio?ieueiay ?aaioa ii
Noeaie/aneie ?a/e.
Oaia: «Oai?ey noeoineiaeaiey»
Auiieiee nooaeaio
2 eo?na ICI ?I
Oi?aiaiee A.TH.
Ae?inoeo – ( io a?. akroctichon – e?aeiyy no?iea) – noeoioai?aiea,
iaienaiiia n oaeei ?an/aoii, /oiau ia/aeueiua aoeau no?ie ia?aciaaee eiy
eee oaieeeth eaeiai-eeai eeoea, neiai eee oeaeoth o?aco. Iai?eia?:
Eo/aca?iue aeaiue
Oaan, oaan.
Ii/iay oaiue
Ao! Ne?uea ian.
Ec ia?auo aoea noeoioai?iuo no?ie neeaaeuaaaony neiai «eoia». Oae ieooo
eiiaaea noeoioai?iua caaaaeee – ?acaaaeea a ia?auo aoeaao noeoia.
Ae?inoeoii eiiaaea ieooo iinayuaiea i?iecaaaeaiey eaeiio-eeai eeoeo.
Aeoeaioiue noeo – ( io eao. accentus – oaea?aiea), eee oiie/aneia
noeoineiaeaiea ( io a?. tonos – oaea?aiea) – nenoaia noeoineiaeaiey,
iniiaaiiay ia aieaa eee iaiaa iaeeiaeiaii /enea ?eoie/aneeo oaea?aiee a
noeoioai?iuo no?ieao iacaaeneii io /enea neiaia a no?iea e eiee/anoaa
aacoaea?iuo neiaia iaaeaeo oaea?aieyie. Yoei aeoeaioiia noeoineiaeaiea
ioee/aaony io ae?oaeo nenoai noeoineiaeaiey, iniiaaiiuo eeai ia
iaeeiaeiaii /enea neiaia a noeoa (neeeaae/aneia noeoineiaeaiea), eeai ia
iaeeiaeiaii ?aniieiaeaiee e /enea oaea?iuo e aacoaea?iuo neiaia a
noiiao, ia?acothueo noeo (neeeaai-oiie/aneia noeoineiaeaiea).
A?iey i?ieaoa?eaa,
anoaiue, no?ieia!
Aea cae?aanoaoao ?aaiethoeey,
?aaeinoiay e nei?ay!
Yoi aaeeinoaaiiay
aaeeeay aieia
ec anao,
eaeea ciaea enoi?ey.
(A.A.Iayeianeee, «Aeaaeeie? Eeuee/ Eaiei)
?eoi noeoa, aai ?acia?aiiinoue ii?aaeaeytho caeanue oieueei oaea?aiey;
iaaeaeo oaea?aieyie, eae eaaei iiaen/eoaoue, oi iaeei, oi aeaa, oi
/aou?a aacoaea?iuo neiaa, ii a eaaeaeie no?iea – /aou?a oaea?aiey.
I?e iaee/ee a aieueoeinoaa no?ie iaeeiaeiaiai /enea oaea?aiee
aeoeaioiue, eee oiie/aneee, noeo aeiioneaao a ioaeaeueiuo no?ieao
iaiueoaa eee aieueoaa eo /enei (iai?eia?, a noeoioai?aiee
A.A.Iayeianeiai «Ia?eneci – i?oaeea, iaiano?aeueiue iaoiae»).
Aeaenaiae?eeneee noeo – a ?onneie iiycee aeaonoeoea oanoenoiiiiai yiaa n
oeaco?ie iinea o?aoueae noiiu. Noeoe naycaiu niaaeiie ?eoiie.
Oaeeie aeaonoeoeyie auea iaienaia a XII aaea o?aioeocneay iiyia ia
Aeaenaiae?a Iaeaaeiineii. Ionthaea iacaaiea – aeaenaiae?eeneee noeo.
?onneea iiyou, a oii /enea A.N.Iooeei, ia ?ac ia?auaeenue e
aeaenaiae?eeneiio noeoo, eae e aeaeie noeoioai?iie oi?ia (Cia/ie !!
icia/aao oeaico?o):
Oa?thiue noi?iae ioc, !!
aiieoaeue aeaaiee iie,
Naaiaeiy ?annoaeaeaoue !!
caaeoiae y n oiaie.
Ia aieny: ia oi/o, !! i?aeueuaiiue
iuneueth eiaeiie,
Oeaico?o iiiineoue !!
ooeie iainoi?iaeiie …
(A.N.Iooeei, «Iineaiea oeaici?o»)
Aeeaaaa no?ioa – nenoaia noeoineiaeaiey a Ae?aaiae A?aoeee, aaea iia
aicieeea aua a VIII a. aei i.y., e a Ae?aaiai ?eia, eoaea a III a. aei
i.y. iia ia?aoea ec A?aoeee.
A aioe/iii ie?a iiyou ia /eoaee naie noeoe, a iaee; iiyo aue
iaeiia?aiaiii e iaaoeii, e ecia?aaeaee aai n iocueaeueiui eino?oiaioii –
ee?ie (ionthaea iacaaiea ee?eea).
Iu iiaeai oieueei i?eaeeceoaeueii i?aaenoaaeoue naaa cao/aiea aioe/iuo
noeoia: eo caoeiaay caienue aei ian ia aeioea. Ii nio?aieaoeany
iiyoe/aneea i?iecaaaeaiey iiyoia ae?aaiaai ie?a, ni/eiaiey ae?aaieo i
iiycee, niiauaiey enoi?eeia e ienaoaeae oiai a?aiaie aeatho iai
aiciiaeiinoue aieaa eee iaiaa ii?aaeaeaiii i?aaenoaaeoue naaa nenoaio
aioe/iiai noeoineiaeaiey.
Aioe/iia noeoineiaeaiea iacuaatho oaeaea iao?e/aneei (io eaoeineiai
metron – ia?a).
A iniiaa noeoioai?iiai ?acia?a aioe/iiai noeoineiaeaiey eaaeao e?aoeea e
aeieaea neiae. A?aiy, iaiaoiaeeiia aeey i?iecianaiey e?aoeiai neiaa,
iacuaaeinue ii?a; i?iecianaiea aeieaiai neiaa caieiaei aeaa ii?u.
Aeieaea e e?aoeea neiae ni/aoaeenue a noiiu, iaiiieiathuea ni/aoaiea iio
a iocueaeueiii oaeoa. Iiaoi?aiea oaeeo noii ia?aciauaaei noeo –
noeoioai?ioth no?ieo. A aioe/iii noeoineiaeaiee iao ?eoiu.
Ioia/ay oneiaiui cia/eii (-) aeieaee neia e cia/eii (&) e?aoeee neia,
i?eaiaeei iniiaiua noiiu a aioe/iii noeoineiaeaiee.
aeaoneiaeiua:
yia: & –
oi?ae eee o?ioae: – &
niiiaeae: – –
o?aoneiaeiua:
aeaeoeeue: – & &
aioea?aoee: & – &
aiaiano: & & –
aaeoee: – – &
aioeaaeoee: & – –
aioeiae?: – & –
/aou?aoneiaeiua:
iaii ia?aue: – & & &
iaii aoi?ie: & – & &
iaii o?aoee: & & – &
iaii /aoaa?oue: & & & –
Iiieii noeoia iaeiiai ?acia?a, iino?iaiiuo ia iiaoi?aiee ii?aaeaeaiiie
noiiu, a aioe/iii noeoineiaeaiee auee niaoaiiua ?acia?u, ninoaaeaiiua ec
?aciuo noii.
Oaeiau, iai?eia?, noeoe a aeeaaaie no?ioa, iacaaiiie oae ii eiaie
ae?aaiaa?a/aneiai ee?eea Aeeay, e naioe/aneee noeo, eioi?ui ienaea
ae?aaiaa?a/aneay iiyoanna Naoi (eee Naioi).
Aeeaaaa no?ioa ninoieo ec /aou?ao noeoia, ec eioi?uo ia?aua aeaa noeoa a
no?ioa ninoiyo ec iaeeiiaaeoeaoe aeieaeo e ei?ioeeo neiaia neaaeothuaai
/a?aaeiaaiey:
& – & – – !! – & & – & &
o?aoee – ec aeaayoe neiaia:
& – & – & – & – &
/aoaa?oue – ec aeanyoe neiaia:
– & & – & !! & – & – &
Ii-?onnee aeeaaaa no?ioa cao/eo i?eaeeceoaeueii oae:
Aaeaa i?ioeaynue !!
iaoeneo ceiaiuo aiei,
Oae caoeanoioea !!
iaeoao nieioue aiaea;
Oaea i?inaa/eaatho ia?on,
Aanue i?iaeu?yaeai. !!
Ineaaeaiu ne?aiu.
(Aeeae, «Ao?y»)
I?eaiaeei i?eia? naioe/aneie no?iou ec noeoioai?aiey «Ieiaaoe»
E.Iaaeiaie:
Eieuoaaony !!
ieaai iaianoiue,
Aunue iaaanioth e?iao !!
noi?ae na?ue.
Oaeaeie ieiaaoe aea?aeeo !!
iooue iianiue
N oaa?aeith aa?ie.
A ?onneii e caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneii noeoineiaeaiee nio?aieeenue iacaaiey
noii aioe/iiai noeoineiaeaiey – yia, oi?ae, aeaeoeeue, aioea?aoee,
aiaiano, iaii. Noeoe nae/an ia iitho, a i?ieciinyo e /eoatho, iiyoiio
iniiaie nia?aiaiiiai ?onneiai noeoineiaeaiey yaeythony ia aeieaea e
ei?ioeea neiae, a neiae oaea?iua e aacoaea?iua.
Aeeeoa?aoeey – iiaoi?aiea iaeii?iaeiuo niaeaniuo, i?eaeathuaa noeoo
iniaoth au?aceoaeueiinoue («Oeiaiuea iaienouo aieaeia. E ioioa eaiaiue
aieoaie». A.N.Iooeei).
Aioea?aoee – o?aoneiaeiue ?acia?, a eioi?ii oaea?iue neia iaoiaeeony
iaaeaeo aeaoiy aacoaea?iuie:
– – –
– – –
– – –
«I ieeua ieoou!
Eoi /anoi eo aeaeae,
Oio, aa?th y, ethaeo
e?anoueyineeo aeaoae!»
(I.A.Iae?ania)
Aiaiano – o?aoneiaeiue ?acia?, a eioi?ii aeaa ia?auo neiaa –
aacoaea?iua, a iineaaeiee – oaea?iue:
– – –
– – –
– – –
«Iaciae iia oaeoth iaeoaeue,
ss oaeiai oaea ia aeaeae…»
(I.A.Iae?ania)
Aioeoaca (io a?a/aneiai antithesis – i?ioeaiiieiaeaiea) – iaeia ec
noeeenoe/aneeo oeao?: iai?io iiyoe/aneie ?a/e, a eioi?ii aeey oneeaiey
au?aceoaeueiinoe ?acei i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiu i?yii i?ioeaiiieiaeiua iiiyoey,
iunee, /a?ou oa?aeoa?a aeaenoaothueo eeoe.
ss – oea?ue, y – ?aa,
y – /a?aue, y – aia!
(A.?.Aea?aeaaei, «Aia»)
Iie nioeenue. Aieia e eaiaiue,
Noeoe e i?ica, eaae e ieaiaiue
Ia noieue ?acee/iu iaae niaie …
(A.N.Iooeei, «Aaaaiee Iiaaei»)
Aioe/iia noeoineiaeaiea – nenoaia noeoineiaeaiey a Ae?aaiae A?aoeee,
aaea iia aicieeea aua a VIII a. aei i.y., e a Ae?aaiai ?eia, eoaea a III
a. aei i.y. iia ia?aoea ec A?aoeee.
A aioe/iii ie?a iiyou ia /eoaee naie noeoe, a iaee; iiyo aue
iaeiia?aiaiii e iaaoeii, e ecia?aaeaee aai n iocueaeueiui eino?oiaioii –
ee?ie (ionthaea iacaaiea ee?eea).
Iu iiaeai oieueei i?eaeeceoaeueii i?aaenoaaeoue naaa cao/aiea aioe/iuo
noeoia: eo caoeiaay caienue aei ian ia aeioea. Ii nio?aieaoeany
iiyoe/aneea i?iecaaaeaiey iiyoia ae?aaiaai ie?a, ni/eiaiey ae?aaieo i
iiycee, niiauaiey enoi?eeia e ienaoaeae oiai a?aiaie aeatho iai
aiciiaeiinoue aieaa eee iaiaa ii?aaeaeaiii i?aaenoaaeoue naaa nenoaio
aioe/iiai noeoineiaeaiey.
Aioe/iia noeoineiaeaiea iacuaatho oaeaea iao?e/aneei (io eaoeineiai
metron – ia?a).
A iniiaa noeoioai?iiai ?acia?a aioe/iiai noeoineiaeaiey eaaeao e?aoeea e
aeieaea neiae. A?aiy, iaiaoiaeeiia aeey i?iecianaiey e?aoeiai neiaa,
iacuaaeinue ii?a; i?iecianaiea aeieaiai neiaa caieiaei aeaa ii?u.
Aeieaea e e?aoeea neiae ni/aoaeenue a noiiu, iaiiieiathuea ni/aoaiea iio
a iocueaeueiii oaeoa. Iiaoi?aiea oaeeo noii ia?aciauaaei noeo –
noeoioai?ioth no?ieo. A aioe/iii noeoineiaeaiee iao ?eoiu.
Ioia/ay oneiaiui cia/eii (-) aeieaee neia e cia/eii (&) e?aoeee neia,
i?eaiaeei iniiaiua noiiu a aioe/iii noeoineiaeaiee.
aeaoneiaeiua:
yia: & –
oi?ae eee o?ioae: – &
niiiaeae: – –
o?aoneiaeiua:
aeaeoeeue: – & &
aioea?aoee: & – &
aiaiano: & & –
aaeoee: – – &
aioeaaeoee: & – –
aioeiae?: – & –
/aou?aoneiaeiua:
iaii ia?aue: – & & &
iaii aoi?ie: & – & &
iaii o?aoee: & & – &
iaii /aoaa?oue: & & & –
Iiieii noeoia iaeiiai ?acia?a, iino?iaiiuo ia iiaoi?aiee ii?aaeaeaiiie
noiiu, a aioe/iii noeoineiaeaiee auee niaoaiiua ?acia?u, ninoaaeaiiua ec
?aciuo noii.
Oaeiau, iai?eia?, noeoe a aeeaaaie no?ioa, iacaaiiie oae ii eiaie
ae?aaiaa?a/aneiai ee?eea Aeeay, e naioe/aneee noeo, eioi?ui ienaea
ae?aaiaa?a/aneay iiyoanna Naoi (eee Naioi).
Aeeaaaa no?ioa ninoieo ec /aou?ao noeoia, ec eioi?uo ia?aua aeaa noeoa a
no?ioa ninoiyo ec iaeeiiaaeoeaoe aeieaeo e ei?ioeeo neiaia neaaeothuaai
/a?aaeiaaiey:
& – & – – !! – & & – & &
o?aoee – ec aeaayoe neiaia:
& – & – & – & – &
/aoaa?oue – ec aeanyoe neiaia:
– & & – & !! & – & – &
Ii-?onnee aeeaaaa no?ioa cao/eo i?eaeeceoaeueii oae:
Aaeaa i?ioeaynue !!
iaoeneo ceiaiuo aiei,
Oae caoeanoioea !!
iaeoao nieioue aiaea;
Oaea i?inaa/eaatho ia?on,
Aanue i?iaeu?yaeai. !!
Ineaaeaiu ne?aiu.
(Aeeae, «Ao?y»)
I?eaiaeei i?eia? naioe/aneie no?iou ec noeoioai?aiey «Ieiaaoe»
E.Iaaeiaie:
Eieuoaaony !!
ieaai iaianoiue,
Aunue iaaanioth e?iao !!
noi?ae na?ue.
Oaeaeie ieiaaoe aea?aeeo !!
iooue iianiue
N oaa?aeith aa?ie.
A ?onneii e caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneii noeoineiaeaiee nio?aieeenue iacaaiey
noii aioe/iiai noeoineiaeaiey – yia, oi?ae, aeaeoeeue, aioea?aoee,
aiaiano, iaii. Noeoe nae/an ia iitho, a i?ieciinyo e /eoatho, iiyoiio
iniiaie nia?aiaiiiai ?onneiai noeoineiaeaiey yaeythony ia aeieaea e
ei?ioeea neiae, a neiae oaea?iua e aacoaea?iua.
Aioiieiu – yoi neiaa n i?ioeaiiieiaeiuie cia/aieyie. A ooaeiaeanoaaiiie
eeoa?aoo?a, iniaaiii a iiycee, i/aiue /anoi iieuecothony aioiieiaie,
/oiau i?eaeaoue i?iecaaaeaieth aieueoa au?aceoaeueiinoe. Iai?eia?, iu
/eoaai o Ia?eiu Oeaaoaaaie:
Iiethaee aiaaoue – aaaeioth,
Iiethaee o/aiue – aeoioth,
Iiethaee ?oiyiue – aeaaeioth,
Iiethaee oi?ioee – a?aaeioth,
Cieioie – iieooeo iaaeioth.
Aioiieiu eiiaaea ano?a/athony e a iacaaiee i?iecaaaeaiee, iai?eia?, o
A.I.*aoiaa «Oienoue e oiieee» e «AEeaua e ia?oaua» o E.I.Neiiiiaa.
Aiino?ioa (io a?a/aneiai apostrophe – ioeeiiaiea) – iaeia ec
noeeenoe/aneeo oeao?: iai?io iiyoe/aneie ?a/e, ninoiyuee a ia?auaiee e
iaiaeooaaeaiiiio eee e ionoonoaothuaio eeoeo eae e i?enoonoaothuaio.
I?iuae, naiaiaeiay noeoey!…
(A.N.Iooeei, «E ii?th»)
Aeaenaiae? Na?aaaae/!
?ac?aoeoa i?aaenoaaeoueny –
Iayeianeee.
Aeaeoa ?oeo!
(A.A.Iayeianeee, «THaeeaeiia»)
Anniiain (io eaoeineiai assonare – nicao/aoue) – 1) iiaoi?aiea a no?iea,
o?aca, no?ioa iaeii?iaeiuo aeaniuo caoeia (iai?eia?: «Ii?a! Ii?a! ?iaa
o?oayo»); 2) iaoi/iay ?eoia, a eioi?ie niaiaaeatho, nicao/iu oieueei
aeaniua caoee. A ?onneie iiycee anniiain no?ieony ia niaiaaeaiee a
?eoioaiuo neiaao oieueei neiaia, ia eioi?ua iaaeaao oaea?aiea, eee
aeaaea oieueei aeaniuo a yoeo neiaao: e?aneaay – iaoaaneiay, aeaai/ee –
aa?ai/ee e o.ae.
Ii/ue eaiaeue n/eoaao,
eae eaea?noai,
a ?thieo-eoieo: o?e …
/aou?a … iyoue …
Ianyoe ca eanaie iouneaeny,
iinaaoea, iu?ioe
ca oo/o niaoue …
(I.I.A?eaa/aa, «Aania a «Iiaaaea».)
Aaeeaaea – (i?iaainaeueneia ballada, io ballar – ieynaoue; eoaeueyineiai
– balata) – ee?i-yie/aneee noeoioai?iue aeai? ?onneie iiycee XIX – XX
aa., a eioi?ii /a?ou yie/aneiai i?iecaaaeaiey (nthaeaoiinoue, iaee/ea
ia?niiaaeae) ni/aoathony n y?ei au?aaeaiiui ee?e/aneei ia/aeii
(ineoieiaeci, yiioeeiiaeueii-yeni?anneaiay ie?anea noeey, ia?aaeathuaai
eaeae e iano?iaiey naiiai iiyoa).
Aua a n?aaeiea aaea aaeeaaea aia?aua iiyaeeanue eae ee?e/aneee aeai?
(ieyniaay ianiy n ethaiaiie oaiaoeeie) ai o?aioeocneie e eoaeueyineie
iiycee. Iaeiaei ?onneay eieaeiay aaeeaaea, aicieeoay a iiycee
A.A.AEoeianeiai, ?acaeaaea o?aaeeoeee aeai?a aiaeeeneie (ia?iaeiua
aaeeaaeu i ?iaei Aoaea, aaeeaaeu ?.Aa?ina e iiyoia-?iiaioeeia
N.Eieue?eaeaea, ?.Naooe, A.Aeaeea) e iaiaoeeie aaeeaaeu (i?iecaaaeaiey
E.A.Aaoa, O.Oeeea?a, E.Oeaiaea). yoe aaeeaaeu auee iaaieueoeie
nthaeaoiuie ee?i-yie/aneeie i?iecaaaeaieyie, iniiaaiiuie ia ieoao,
eaaaiaeao, neacaieyo, enoi?e/aneii eee auoiaii iaoa?eaea. Aaoi?u ?onneeo
aaeeaae o/eouaaee oaeaea iiuo ?onneeo ia?iaeiuo ianai-aaeeaae
(«Aaiueea-eeth/iee», «Nano?a e a?aouey-?acaieieee», «Ai?a» e ae?.),
eioi?ua ioee/aeenue e io yie/aneeo aeai?ia oieueeei?a – aueei,
enoi?e/aneeo ianai (iauaiii), e io ee?e/aneeo ianai (nthaeaoiinoueth). A
aeai?a aaeeaaeu neeeenue, oaeei ia?acii, ?acee/iua o?aaeeoeee.
Aaeeaaeu aneaae ca AEoeianeei («Ethaeieea», «Naaoeaia», «Eaniie oea?ue»)
ienaee iiiaea ?onneea iiyou XIX a.: Iooeei («Ianiue i aauai Ieaaa»),
Ea?iiioia («Ai?iaeeii», «Aicaeooiue ei?aaeue», «Nii?»), A.E.Oienoie e
ae?oaea. Ia iaiaa iiioey?ai aeai? aaeeaaeu e a iiycee XX a. (aaeeaaeu
N.A.Anaieia, I.N.Oeoiiiaa, Y.A.Aaa?eoeeiai, A.A.Aicianaineiai e
ae?oaea).
Iniiaiie aeai?iaue i?eciae aaeeaaeu – nthaeaoiia iiaanoaiaaiea. Ii
aaeeaaeiua nthaeaou neeueii ioee/athony io nthaeaoia yie/aneeo
i?iecaaaeaiee.
Nthaeao a aaeeaaea oieueei ioieoe?ii, noaiaoe/ii iaia/aao oiae niauoee.
Aeaenoaey ia?niiaaeae – o/anoieeia yoeo niauoee – ia eiatho ?acaa?ioouo
oa?aeoa?enoee. A?aiaiiua e i?ino?ainoaaiiua eii?aeeiaou i?ienoiaeyuaai
oneiaiu e a i?eioeeia iaeinouanoaaiiua aeey iiieiaiey niunea
i?iecaaaeaiee.
Nthaeao aaeeaaeu ia eiaao naiinoiyoaeueiiai cia/aiey. Nei?aa, yoi
naiaia?aciue i?eai, iaiaoiaeeiue aeey oiai, /oiau iioeae?iaaoue
aicieeiiaaiea o ia?niiaaeae e aaoi?a ii?aaeaeaiiuo /oanoa, iano?iaiee e
ia?aaeeaaiee. Eiee/anoai ia?niiaaeae a aaeeaaea ieieiaeueii (eae
i?aaeei, aeaa eee o?e). Eiiaaea yoi oieueei o/anoieee aeeaeiaa, eae a
aaeeaaea Ea?iiioiaa «Ai?iaeeii». ?aoathuaa cia/aiea a aaeeaaeao eiaao
iiaeoaeno: ee?e/aneee (aaeeaaeu AEoeianeiai), oeeinioneee ( «Ianiue i
aauai Ieaaa» Iooeeia )eee nioeeaeueii – ineoieiae/aneee («Ai?iaeeii»
Ea?iiioiaa).
Aaeua noeoe – n nenoaiao noeoineiaeaiey, i?eiaiythueo ?eoio, – noeoe
?aciiia?aciuo ?acia?ia, ia eiathuea ?eoiu. Aaeua noeoe iiaeii iaeoe
ii/oe o anao ?onneeo iiyoia. Aaeuie noeoaie iaienaiu iiiaea ecaanoiua
ae?aiaoe/aneea i?iecaaaeaiey , eae, iai?eia?, «Ai?en Aiaeoiia» eee
«Iaeaiueeea o?aaaaeee» A.N.Iooeeia, enoi?e/aneea ae?aiu A.E.Oienoiai e
ae?oaea.
Aoeiee/aneay iiycey (io a?a/aneiai bukolos – ianooo, bukolikos –
ianoooaneee) – iaeei ec aeaeia aioe/iie iiycee, i?iecaaeaiey, a eioi?uo
ainiaaaeenue auaeoiaiiua i?aeanoe aeecie naeueneeo aeeoaeae – «naeyi»:
caieaaeaeueoeaa, ianoooia, ?uaaeia, aeeaoeo yeiau aac caaio e o?oaea, a
ianiyo e oaioeao. ?ani?ino?aiaiiuie oi?iaie oaeie iiycee,
i?eoe?aoeaathuae aeaenoaeoaeueioth aeeciue, auee ianoi?aee, eaeeeeee,
yeeiae, iaaieueoea iiyiu, iueanee-aeeaeiae, iiaanoe. Ecaanoiuie
aioe/iuie ienaoaeyie-aoeieeeaie auee a?a/aneee iiyo Oaie?eo (III a. aei
i.y.) e ?eineee iiyo Aa?aeeee (I a. aei i.y.).
Aoeiee/aneay iiycey eiaea ?ani?ino?aiaiea a eeoa?aoo?a o?aioeocneiai e
?onneiai eeanneoeecia e naioeiaioaeecia. Oaeay iiycey, a eioi?ie
oaeueoeai ecia?aaeaeanue aeeciue e?anoueyi, iniayia a iiaanoe
E.A.E?ueiaa «Eaea».
Ao?eia (io o?aioeocneiai bouts rimes – ?eoiiaaiiua eiioeu) –
noeoioai?aiea, ninoaaeaiiia ii ca?aiaa caaeaiiui, /anoi iaiau/iui
?eoiai. Ii iaeiaiiaaieth oaeiai noeoioai?aiey iieo/eea naia iacaaiea e
ea?a a ao?eia, ninoiyuay a ninoycaiee, eoi nei?aa e oaea/iaa auiieieo
oi?aaeiaiea a noeoioai?noaa ia caaeaiiua ?eoiu.
Ao?eanea, eee ao?eane (io eoaeueyineiai buria – oooea) – iaeei ec aeaeia
thii?enoe/aneie iiycee: oooi/iia iiaanoaiaaoaeueiia noeoioai?aiea, a
eioi?ii aicauoaiiay oaia eceaaaaony e?iie/anee, ia?iaeeeii. Oae, a oi?ia
ao?eanee o?aioeocneee iiyo XVII a. Nea??ii ia?aneacae ecaanoioth
aioe/ioth iiyio ?eineiai iiyoa Aa?aeeey «Yiaeaeo»; aiae a aai ao?eanea
aiai?yo ycueii aaca?iuo oi?aiaie.
A ?innee a oi?ia ao?eanee auea, iai?eia?, iaienaia A.E.Iaeeiaui iiyia
«Aeenae, eee ?acae?aaeaiiue Aaeo» (1771).
Ae?oe (io eaoeineiai versus – noeo) – oae iacuaaeenue a XVII e XVIII aa.
ia Oe?aeia noeoe – ia?aiia/aeueii ?aeeaeiciiai niaea?aeaiey, a iioii e
ia naaoneea oaiu, – aeeceea ii oi?ia e ?eoiiaaiiie i?ica: aac
ii?aaeaeaiiiai noeoioai?iiai ?acia?a, ii n iaycaoaeueiie ?eoiie a
eiioea. A aeaeueiaeoai ae?oe ienaeenue n iaeeiaeiaui /eneii neiaia.
Oaia?ue ae?oaie e?iie/anee iacuaatho iaoeethaeea e ianeeaaeiua
noeoioai?iua no?iee.
Aioo?aiiyy ?eoia – caoeiaie iiaoi? ia a eiioea noeoioai?iuo no?ie, a
aioo?e eo, eiaaea neiaa, iaoiaeyueany a na?aaeeia noeoa, nicao/iu eeai
ni neiaaie, caeai/eaathueie noeo, eeai ni niaaeiuie neiaaie a no?iea,
eeai ni neiaaie a niaaeiie no?iea:
O iaoeo ooee ia iaeooea!
(I.TH.Ea?iiioia, «Ai?iaeeii».)
Iaae oiaie, iaae iaeie ?a/eie,
Iaae aiaeie, /ae iooue aeaeae …
(A.O.Oaa?aeianeee, «Aaneeee Oa?eei»)
Aieueiue noeo – neeeaai-oiie/aneee , iau/ii yiae/aneee noeo n ia?aaiui
eiee/anoaii noii a noeoioai?iuo no?ieao.
Oaeei noeoii iaienaia, iai?eia?, eiiaaeey A.N.A?eaiaaeiaa «Ai?a io oia»,
aanie E.A.E?ueiaa e ae?oaeo aaniiienoeaa.
Aieueiue noeo oe?iei eniieuecoaony aaniiienoeaie, oae eae aeaaiaea?y aai
?aciinoiiiinoe ei eaaei ia?aaeaoue eioiiaoeee eoeaaie, eiineacaoaeueiie
?a/e, oa?aeoa?iie aeey aanie.
Aieueiue noeo iiyoiio /anoi iacuaatho oaeaea aanaiiui noeoii.
Aaecaiao? ( io a?a/aneiai hex – oanoue e metron – ia?a) – noeoioai?iue
?acia? a aioe/iii noeoineiaeaiee, oanoenoiiiue aeaeoeeue.
Yoei noeoii iaienaiu ecaanoiua iiyiu Aiia?a «Eeeaaea» e «Iaeennay».
Aaecaiao? o ?onneeo iiyoia – yoi oanoenoiiiue aeaeoeeue a ni/aoaiee n
oi?aai. Oeaco?a iinea o?aoueae noiiu aeaeeo noeo ia aeaa iieonoeoey.
Iie, i aiaeiy, i?i aiaa
Aoeeeana, Iaeaaaa nuia,
Aeaaeueiue aiaa, i?e/eieaoee
aoaeoeai no?aaeaiuey aac n/aoa …
(«Eeeaaea». Ia?aaiae I.Ieineiai.)
Ana oae oaai/aiu ainoe;
eiie iaiiyao, caaeio?ynue,
Eaaeaia neaaeinoiue aeui;
ae?oaie ioe?uaaao aioi?o …
(A.N.Iooeei, «Ec Enaiioaia Eieioiineiai»)
Aeii (io a?a/aneiai hymnos – oi?aeanoaaiiay ianiue) – oae iacuaaee a
Ae?aaiae A?aoeee oi?aeanoaaiiua noeoioai?aiey – ianie, i?ineaaeythuea
eaaaiaea?iuo ia?iaeiuo aa?iaa eee aiaia. A aeaeueiaeoai aeiiii noaee
iacuaaoue oi?aeanoaaiioth, oaaeaaioth ianiue, a eioi?ie ainiaaaaony
eaeia-eeai yaeaiea, eeoei, niauoea. A XIX aaea aeiiii noaee iacuaaoue
oi?aeanoaaiioth ianiue, au?aaeathuoth e ainiaaathuoth iaoeeiiaeueiia,
ainoaea?noaaiiia eee eeanniaia aaeeinoai.
Aeaeoeeue – o?aoneiaeiue ?acia?, a eioi?ii oaea?aiea iaaeaao ia ia?aue
neia:
– – –
– – –
– – –
«Oo/ee iaaaniua,
aa/iua no?aiieee!»
(I.TH.Ea?iiioia)
Aeaonoeoea, eee aeenoeo – iaeia ec i?inoaeoeo no?io – ni/aoaiea aeaoo
noeoioai?iuo no?ie, naycaiiuo iauae ?eoiiaeie e iauaaeeiythuae eo
eioiiaoeeae.
Aeaonoeoey ?acee/atho ii noeoioai?iui ?acia?ai e eiee/anoao noii a ieo.
Iai?eia?, a aioe/iie iiycee auei ?ani?ino?aiaii aeaonoeoea, eioi?ia
iacuaaeinue «yeaae/aneee aeenoeo»: ia?aue noeo – aaecaiao?, oanoenoiiiue
aeaeoeeue, aoi?ie – iaioaiao? – oiaea oanoenoiiiue aeaeoeeue, ii n
i?iioneii aeaoo e?aoeeo neiaia o?aoueae e oanoie noii.
A neeeaae/aneii noeoineiaeaiee aeaonoeoea i?aaenoaaeyei niaie iau/ii
o?eiaaeoeaoeneiaeiee n iinoiyiiie ia?iie aeaineie ?eoiie. Ec aeaonoeoee
oanoenoiiiiai yiaa ninoieo aeaenaiae?eeneee noeo. Aeaonoeoea, iau/iia a
ainoi/iie iiycee, iacuaaaony aaeo. I?eia? aeaonoeoey o A.N.Iooeeia:
Aeyaeo, eae aacoiiue,
ia /a?ioth oaeue,
E oeaaeioth aeooo
oa?caao ia/aeue.
(«*a?iay oaeue».)
Aeenniiain (io eaoeineiai dissonans – ?aciicao/auee) – iaeei ec aeaeia
iaiieiie ?eoiu, eiaaea a ?eoiothueony neiaao nicao/iu, iiaoi?ythony
oieueei niaeaniua caoee, a aeaniua, ia eioi?ua iaaeatho oaea?aiey a
?eoiothueony neiaao, ia niaiaaeatho.
Iai?eia?:
E?oo
ao?aeoaa
icaa?aaoee ii?ia.
Ouea?aie ?anoa?caiiua,
aiy e noaiay,
oaie i?aaeaaeia –
ia?eaeneeo eiiioia?ia
e nae/an
aiiyo
ia?eaeneith noaiith.
(A.A.Iayeianeee, «Aeaaeeie? Eeuee/ Eaiei».)
Aeeoe?aia (io a?e/aneiai dithyrambos – ianiue) – ianiue ainoi?aeaiiiai
oa?aeoa?a, iaeei ec aeaeia oi?aeanoaaiiie ee?eee a ae?aaiaa?a/aneie
iiycee. Aeeoe?aiau. Ia?aiia/aeueii neaaaeenue ai neaao aiaa aeia e
aanaeuey Aeeiiena eee Aaeoa e eniieiyeenue oi?ii iiae iocueo e ieynee ia
ia?iaeiuo i?acaeianoaao a /anoue yoiai aiaeanoaa.
Ecaanoiu aeeoe?aiau, iaienaiiua ae?aaiaa?a/aneeie iiyoaie A?eiiii e
Ieiaea?ii (VI – V aa. aei i.y.). Aiineaaenoaee aeeoe?aia noae iaeiei ec
aeaeia oi?aeanoaaiiie ee?eee, noiaeae n iaeie e aeiiii.
I iaoianoiuo e i?aoaaee/aiiuo iioaaeao a iaoa a?aiy e?iie/anee aiai?yo:
«iaoue aeeoe?aiau».
Caoeiaua iiaoi?u – oae iacuaatho a ooaeiaeanoaaiiie ?a/e iiaoi?aiey
noiaeiuo caoeiauo ni/aoaiee a neiaao, eioi?ua ienaoaeue eniieuecoao a
noeoa eee – ?aaea – a i?ica aeey i?eaeaiey ae aieueoae au?aceoaeueiinoe.
Oaeei iiaoi?aieai nicao/ey iiyo eae au auaeaeyao neiaa, eiathuea iniaia
cia/aiea a noeoa, iiae/a?eeaaao eo niune, ia?anoaiea eioiiaoeee.
Caoeiaua iiaoi?u eniieuecothony a caoeicaiene, a caoeiiiae?aaeaiee.
Aanoeaeueiia, iaii?aaaeaiiia ooaeiaeanoaaiiui caiuneii iaa?iiiaeaeaiea
caoeiauo iiaoi?ia a noeoa i?eaiaeeo e ionoie ea?a caoeaie a iiycee, e
oi?iaeecio.
Eino?oiaioiaea noeoa (io eaoeineiai instrumentum – i?oaeea, eino?oiaio,
iocueaeueiue eino?oiaio) – iaeei ec i?eaiia iiyoe/aneie ?a/e,
caeeth/athueeny a oii, /oi a noeoa, no?ioa eee oeaeii noeoioai?aiee
eniieuecothony neiaa iaeii?iaeiiai no?iy, /oi i?eaeaao ?a/e iniaoth
caoeiaoth ie?aneo e au?aceoaeueiinoue. Iai?eia?, o A.A.Iayeianeiai:
Iu aeeaai caaeaoua
aeaeaciie eeyoaie …
Aeaeaie eino?oiaioiaee yaeyaony aeeeoa?aoeey, caoeiiiae?aaeaiea e o.i.
Eioiiaoeeiiiua i?eaiu (aineeeoeaiey, ia?auaiey, ?eoi?e/aneea aii?inu) –
ia?acii-noeeenoe/aneea n?aaenoaa, oe?iei eniieuecoaiua a iiyoe/aneie
?a/e.
Aua a ae?aaiinoe aineeeoeaiey, ia?auaiey, ?eoi?e/aneea aii?inu (oi anoue
aii?inu, ia aae?aniaaiiua eiie?aoiiio eeoeo e iiyoiio ia o?aaothuea
ioaaoa) auee n?aaenoaaie oe?aoaiey ?a/e i?aoi?ia, i?eaeaaaaoeie ae
oaaaeeoaeueiinoue e yiioeeiiaeueioth y?einoue. Aineeeoeaiey, ia?auaiey e
?eoi?e/aneea aii?inu io?aaeatho aanue niaeo? iano?iaiee, ia?aaeeaaiee,
?acaeoiee ?onneeo iiyoia: io iaaiaeiaaiey e no?anoiiai iaee/aiey aei
iaaeiinoe e iaeaioieee.
I?eaaaeai i?eia?u ec iiycee A.N.Iooeeia.
1) aineeeoeaiey:
I nouae! i oaean iaoeo aeiae!
Eae caa?e, aoi?aeenue yiu/a?u!…
(«Aieueiinoue»)
Aia iiii/ue aai, ae?ocuey iie,
A caaioao aeecie,
oea?neie neoaeau,
E ia ie?ao ?acaoeueiie ae?oaeau,
E a neaaeeeo oaeinoaao ethaae!
(«19 ieoya?y 1827»)
2) ia?auaiey:
Iie ae?oa, io/ecia iinayoei
Aeooe i?ae?aniua ii?uau!
Oiaa?eu, aa?ue: acieaeao iia,
Caacaea ieaieoaeueiiai n/anouey …
(«E *aaaeaaao»)
I?iuae, naiaiaeiay noeoey!
(«E ii?th»)
I ioca ieaiaiiie naoe?u!
I?eaee ia iie i?ecuaiue eee/!
(«I ioca ieaiaiiie naoe?u!»)
3) ?eoi?e/aneea aii?inu:
Eiio ae ec ian iiae
noa?inoue aeaiue Eeoeay
Oi?aeanoaiaaoue
i?eaeaony iaeiiio?
(«19 ieoya?y»)
Neieueei eo! eoaea eo aiiyo?
*oi oae aeaeiaii iitho?
Aeiiiaiai ee oi?iiyo,
Aaaeueio eue caioae auaeatho?
(«Aanu»)
E aeea ee oio, e oa aeeaa ee?
E aaea oaia?ue eo oaieie?
Eee oaea iie oayee,
Eae nae iaaaaeiiue oeaaoie?
(«Oeaaoie»)
Ia?aaeei eioiiaoeeiiiua i?eaiu aeiiieiytho ae?oa ae?oaa, ia?aaeaaay
niaio /oanoa e iano?iaiee iiyoa. Iai?eia?, noeoioai?aiea A.N.Iooeeia
«Aea?aaiy» ia/eiaaony n ia?auaiey-i?eaaonoaey: «I?eaaonoaoth oaay,
ionouiiue oaieie …». Caoai, iinea eaeeeee/aneie ea?oeiiue aea?aaaineie
aeecie, neaaeoao ia?auaiea-aineeeoeaiea «I?aeoeu aaeia, caeanue
aii?ioath aan!». A aea?aaaineii oaaeeiaiee iiyoo neuoiaa «io?aaeiue
aean» ioae?aoeia e iuneeoaeae i?ioeiai. Eo «oai?/aneea aeoiu» ia i?inoi
oie?ioai?ytho iiyoa, ii iiiiaatho iiiyoue, /oi aea?aaiy – yoi ia oieueei
«i?etho niieienoaey, o?oaeia e aaeioiiaaiuey» e naiaia?aciue ?aai/ee
eaaeiao iiyoa-?iiaioeea. Yoi ianoi, aaea i?aaeo «Aa?noai aeeeia», «ia
iaaoao ethaeae eca?aiiia Noaeueaie», e noiiao iiei?iia aio «?aanoai
oiuaa».
Ai aoi?ie /anoe «Aea?aaie» ?acia?aiiua, oeeinioneea eioiiaoeee en/acatho
– eo ianoi caieiatho aiaa, iaaiaeiaaiea, aiciouaiea. Ia?aae iaie oaea ia
iiyo-oeeinio, a i?aoi?-o?eaoi, o?aaothuee ni?aaaaeeeainoe e naiaiaeu.
Caaa?oaaony noeoioai?aiea nieaaii ec aineeeoeaiee, ?eoi?e/aneeo aii?inia
e ia?auaiey:
I, anee a aiein iie oiae
na?aeoea o?aaiaeeoue!
Ii/oi a a?oaee iiae
ai?eo aanieiaeiue aea?
e ia aeai iia noaeueaie
Aeoeenoaa a?iciue aea??
Oaeaeo eue, i ae?ocuey!
ia?iae iaoaiaoaiiue
E ?aanoai, iaaeoaa
ii iaieth oea?y,
E iaae ioa/anoaii
Naiaiaeu i?inaauaiiie
Acieaeao ee iaeiiaoe
i?ae?aniay Ca?y?
Iiyo aiai?eo i naiai iiieiaiee iiyoe/aneiai oai?/anoaa («aeoeenoaa
a?iciue aea?»), niaeaeay i oii, /oi aai aiein iaaeinoaoi/ii a?iiie e
neeai, /oiau «na?aeoea o?aaiaeeoue». Aeaaiay iuneue noeoioai?aiey
au?aaeaia a caaa?oathuai aai ?eoi?e/aneii aii?ina: iiyo auneacuaaao naia
caaaoiia aeaeaiea – oaeaeaoue iaae ioa/anoaii «i?ae?anioth Ca?th»
«Naiaiaeu i?inaauaiiie».
Neiaeiinoue /oanoa aaoi?a noeoioai?aiey ia?aaeaaony
eioiiaoeeiiii-neioaene/aneeie n?aaenoaaie. No?anoue e ioea neuoaony a
aicaeana «I. anee a aiein iie oiae na?aeoea o?aaiaeeoue!», ai?a/ue e
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea aea?aaaineei oe?aiai oaaaeuaathony a ?eoi?e/aneii
aii?ina: «Ii/oi a a?oaee iiae ai?eo aanieiaeiue aea? / E ia aeai iia
noaeueaie Aeoeenoaa a?iciue aea??».
Niaa?oaiii iniaia ianoi a noeoioai?aiee caieiaao ao?iue oeiaeueiue
aeei?ae – iineaaeiee ?eoi?e/aneee aii?in, a eioi?ii neeeenue iaeeaeaiea,
iaaeaaeaea, iaoaa?aiiinoue e noieue oa?aeoa?iia aeey Iooeeia ia?auaiea e
ae?ocueyi, aaeeiiiuoeaiieeai («i ae?ocuey!»). anoue a yoii aii?ina e
ne?uoia ia?auaiea e ioae?iio oea?th, eioi?ue, i?eciaa iaae niaie aeanoue
caeiia (iaea «Aieueiinoue»), aeieaeai ioiaieoue ?aanoai e a ?onneie
aea?aaia.
Eaeaiao?iay ?eoia (io o?aioeocneiai calembour – ea?a neia, iniiaaiiay ia
caoeiaii noiaenoaa i?e ?acee/iii niunea) – iaeei ec aeaeia ninoaaiie
?eoiu, ia?aciaaiiie iaiaeeaeaiiui ni/aoaieai neia (iieiei/o – ii eaea/o;
iiniaea au – iaeoau).
Iai?eia?, o iiyoa-naoe?eea 60-o aiaeia Ae.Ieiaaaa:
Iaeanoue ?eoi – iiy noeoey,
E eaaei ieoo noeoe y;
Aac ?acaeoiuey, aac ion?i/ee
ss aaao e no?iea io no?i/ee;
Aeaaea e oeineei neaeai ao?ui
Ia?auathnue n eaeaiao?ii.
Eaioaoa (io eaoeineiai cantare – iaoue) – iaeei ec aeaeia ee?e/aneie
iiycee, noeoioai?aiea oi?aeanoaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a, ainiaaathuaa eaeia-eeai
?aaeinoiia niauoea eee aai o/anoieea, aa?iy.
*anoi eaioaoa yaeyaony eeoa?aoo?iui oaenoii e oi?aeanoaaiiiio,
nicaeaiiiio a /anoue eaeiai-eeai iauanoaaiiiai yaeaiey, eeoea eee
auaeathuaainy niauoey iocueaeueiiio i?iecaaaeaieth oiai aea iacaaiey,
eniieiythuaiony oi?ii e nieenoaie, ioaeaeueiuie iaaoeaie, a
nii?iaiaeaeaiee i?eano?a.
Eaioeeaia (io eaoeineiai cantilena – ianiy, ?anneac) – iaeei ec aeaeia
n?aaeiaaaeiaie caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneie iiycee: iaaieueoia noeoioai?aiea
iiaanoaiaaoaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a, eioi?ia eniieiyeinue a nii?iaiaeaeaiee
iocuee.
Eaioeiia, eee eaioeiiaooa (io eoaeueyineiai canzone – ianiy) – iaeei ec
aeaeia noa?io?aioeocneie e noa?eiiie eoaeueyineie iiycee, noeoioai?aiea,
ainiaaathuaa ?uoea?neoth ethaiaue. Ii n?aaeiaaaeiaui i?aaeeai eaioeiia
aeieaeia auea eiaoue iyoue eee naiue no?io.
Ecaanoiu eaioeiiu eoaeueyineeo iiyoia Aeaioa (XIII a.), Iao?a?ee (XVI
a.).
A iiae?aaeaiea noa?eia eaioeiiu ienae e ?onneee iiyo Aaea?ee A?thnia.
Iaea?iie/aneee noeo – noeo, ia?i/eoi ianuuaiiue eiino?aiiuie neiaaie.
Oaeei noeoii auea aia?aua iaienaia eoaeueyineay eiie/aneay iiyia
«Maccaronea» (1490) – ionthaea aai iacaaiea. naoe?e/aneia noeoioai?aiea,
iaienaiiia iaea?iie/aneei noeoii, auniaeaaao ethaeae, ?aaieainoaothueo
ia?aae eiino?aiueiie, io?aeathueony io ?iaeiiai ycuea e o.i.
I?eia? iaea?iie/aneiai noeoa:
Aaeueth, aaeueth, y oaeaeythnue,
Ethyi aea ao y aoaeo aeeoue,
Iy naiaiaeai y iinoa?athnue
Yi noaaie? aea ao o?aieoue …
Oaeei noeoii iaienaia eiie/aneay iiyia E.Iyoeaaa «Nainaoeee e caia/aiey
a-aee Eo?aetheiaie» (1840), a eioi?ie iniaeaaaony no?aieaiea ?onneiai
aeai?yinoaa ia/aea XIX a.aacaeoiii ianuuaoue ?a/ue o?aioeocneeie
neiaaie.
E iaea?iie/aneiio noeoo i?eaaaaee a naiae naoe?a e niaaoneea iiyou:
A.A.Iayeianeee, Aeaiueyi Aaaeiue e ae?oaea.
Oae, iai?eia?, iaienaii naoe?e/aneia noeoioai?aiea Aeaiueyia Aaaeiiai
«Iaieoano aa?iia oii A?aiaaey»:
Aai iie oaieeee
anai ecaanoiue
Eo aei oii A?aiaaeue,
aa?? aa?ii.
ss naiue eth/oee,
naiue oanoiue
Anoue eaiaeeaeao
ia oea?neee o?ii.
Iao?eea – o/aiea i no?iaiee ia?iie iiyoe/aneie ?a/e. I?aaeeueiay
iiyoe/aneay ?a/ue caaeneo io /enea neiaia (caoeiauo aaeeieoe) a eaaeaeii
ec caoeiauo ?yaeia, ninoaaeythueo iaeii oeaeia e io i?aaeeueiiai
/a?aaeiaaiey nicao/iuo caoeiauo a?oii a ia/aea eee a eiioea oaeeo
?yaeia.
Iiii?ei (io o?aioeocneiai monorine) – noeoioai?aiea n iiaoi?ythuaeny
iaeiie ?eoiie. Iiii?eiu /anoi ano?a/athony a noa?eiiie ainoi/iie iiycee.
A ?onneie iiycee iiii?ei eae noeoioai?iay oi?ia iau/ii eniieuecoaony a
naoe?e/aneie e thii?enoe/aneie iiycee.
Iai?eia?, iiii?ei A.Aioooeia, a eioi?ii iiyo aeaao e?iie/aneea niaaou
aoaeouaio oea?neiio /eiiaieeo:
Eiaaea aoaeaoa,
aeaoe, nooaeaioaie,
Ia eiiaeoa aieia
iaae iiiaioaie,
Iaae Aaieaoaie,
Ee?aie, Eaioaie,
Iaae oea?yie e
iaae i?aceaeaioaie,
Iaae ii?yie e
iaae eiioeiaioaie.
Ia yeoaeoany
au n iiiiiaioaie.
Iinooiaeoa oeo?i
n eiieo?aioaie,
A eae eii/eoa eo?n
n yieiaioaie,
E ia neoaeao iieaeaoa
n iaoaioaie –
Ia aeyaeeoa
ia neoaeaa aeioeaioaie,
E ia a?acaaeoa,
aeaoe, i?acaioaie …
E o.ae.
Ia/aeueiay ?eoia – nicao/ea, iaoiaeyuaany ia a eiioea noeoa, a a ia/aea
aai. Yoi iacaaiea iaoi/ii, oae eae ?eoia a eiioea noeoa iiae/a?eeaaao
?eoi, a ia/aeueiay ?eoia ia iaeaaeaao oaeei naienoaii.
I?eia? iieiiai nicao/ey a ia/aea noeoa, ?acei oneeeaathuaai aai
au?aceoaeueiinoue:
Oeaaii eeyionue e aiaeie,
Iaaii eeyionue e caacaeie …
E?iaueth eeyionue e aaaeie,
Ethaiaueth eeyionue e a?aaeaeie …
(A.Aeaaeieia, «Eeyoaa aieoea»)
Ieoaaa (io eaoeineiai octava – ainaiue) – ainueienoeoea, no?ioa ec
ainueie noeoia, oanoue ec eioi?uo naycaiu ia?ae?anoiie ?eoiie, a aeaa
caeeth/eoaeueiuo – ia?iie ?eoiie.
Ieoaaaie iaienaiu aaeeaaeu o?aioeocneeo e aiaeeeneeo iiyoia XIV e XV aa.
E oaeie noeoioai?iie no?ioa ia ?ac ia?auaeny A.N.Iooeei. ieoaaaie,
iai?eia?, iaienaia aai ecaanoiay iiyia «Aeiiee a Eieiiia»:
*aou?aonoiiiue yia
iia iaaeiae;
ei ieoao anyeee.
Iaeue/eeai a caaaao
Ii?a a aai inoaaeoue. ss oioae
Aeaaiui-aeaaii
i?eiyoueny ca ieoaao.
A a naiii aeaea: y au niaeaaeae
N o?ieiui nicao/eai.
Iouonue ia neaao!
Aaaeue ?eoiu cai?inoi
ni iiie aeeaoo;
Aeaa i?eaeoo naie,
o?aoueth i?eaaaeoo.
Iiiieiu (io a?a/aneiai homos iaeeiaeiaue e onyma – eiy) – neiaa,
eiathuea iaeeiaeiaia cao/aiea, ii ?acee/iia cia/aiea: iai?eia?, o?e
(/enei) e o?e! (iiaaeeoaeueiia iaeeiiaiea io aeaaiea oa?aoue).
Iiiieiu /anoi eniieuecothony a ea?iaie, eaeaiao?iie ?eoia, a eiiaaea aac
oooeeaiai iooaiea – a oae iacuaaaiuo iiiieie/aneeo ?eoiao.
Oae, o A.A?thniaa a noeoioai?aiee «Ia aa?aao»:
Cae?ua ecio/aiiua aaee,
Iea ioioaaeoee aa?aao,
I, anee a oae noiyoue aiaaee
Ia yoii oeoii aa?aao.
Iiaaeineay no?ioa – i?eiaaeeaaeauay A.N.Iooeeio oi?ia no?iou, eioi?ie
iaienai ?iiai «Aaaaiee Iiaaei»; 14-noeoea /aou?aonoiiiiai yiaa n
?eoiiaeie aaaaaaaaaeaaaeaeae. Oaeia no?iaiea aeaeaao iiaaeineoth no?ioo
aeaeie, oeaeueiie e au?aceoaeueiie, ia ooiieythuae /eoaoaey e
oaea?aeeaathuae no?ieiinoue aieueoiai ?iiaia.
Ia?aeeaeeci (io a?a/aneiai parallelos – eaeouee ?yaeii) – iaeei ec
i?eaiia iiyoe/aneie ?a/e, ninoiyuee a niiinoaaeaiee aeaoo yaeaiee iooai
ia?aeeaeueiiai eo ecia?aaeaiey. Oaeia niiinoaaeaiea iiae/a?eeaaao
noiaenoai eee ?acee/ea yaeaiee, niiauaao iiyoe/aneie ?a/e iniaaiioth
au?aceoaeueiinoue e, a caaeneiinoe io eiioaenoa i?iecaaaeaiey, eiaao a
ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?a naiia ?aciiia?aciia i?eiaiaiea, iacia/aiea e
niune.
Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuie oi?iaie ia?aeeaeeciia yaeythony: ia?aeeaeeci
oaiaoe/aneee, eiaaea niiinoaaeythony aeaa yaeaiey, aeeceea ii naiaio
niaea?aeaieth (iai?eia?, a noeoioai?aiee I.TH.Ea?iiioiaa «oo/ee iaaaniua
– aa/iua no?aiieee» e ecaiaiiee, no?aiiee-iiyo); ia?aeeaeeci
neioaene/aneee, eiaaea aeaa niaaeiuo ia?eiaea iiyoe/aneie ?a/e
iaeii?iaeiu ii neioaene/aneiio iino?iaieth o?acu (iai?eia?, a
noeoioai?aiee I.TH.Ea?iiioiaa «Eiaaea aieioaony aeaeoathuay ieaa»);
ia?aeeaeeci caoeiaie, ano?a/athueeny a ?aciiia?aciuo aeaeao a
iiyoe/aneie ?a/e (aaeeiiia/aoea, eiioeiaea, ?eoia, nieaoaiea, iiaoi?aiea
/anoae ?a/e a ?acee/iuo aa oi?iao e o.ae.).
Ia?aeeaeeci ?acee/iuo aeaeia oa?aeoa?ai aeey onoiiai ia?iaeiiai
oai?/anoaa – ia?iaeiie ianie, /anoooee e o.ae.; iaeaieaa
?ani?ino?aiaiiui aeaeii ia?aeeaeecia a ia?iaeiii oai?/anoaa yaeyaony
niiinoaaeaiea yaeaiee i?e?iaeu n niauoeyie /aeiaa/aneie aeecie:
Eae naaoee aea naaoee
ianyoe ai iieoii/e.
Naaoee aiieiaeio;
Eae neaeae aea neaeae
iaeei aeia?ue iieiaeaoe
Aac aa?iie ae?oaeeiu …
Eee:
?aneoae?yaay aa?acea,
Aao?a iao, a ou ooieoue;
?aoeai iia na?aea/ei,
Ai?y iao, a ou aieeoue …
A ioee/ea io i?yiiai ia?aeeaeecia, ?acee/atho ia?aeeaeeci
io?eoeaoaeueiue, anee ia?aue ?yae a iiyoe/aneii n?aaiaiee ia/eiaaony n
/anoeoeu ia, oaeie aeae ia?aeeaeecia /anoi ano?a/aaony a ia?iaeiie
iania. Aai eniieuecotho e iiyou.
Iai?eia?, o Iooeeia:
Ia noay ai?iiia nieaoaeanue
Ia a?oaeu oeathueo einoae.
Ca Aieaie, ii/ueth, ae?oa iaiae
Oaeaeuo oaeea niae?aeanue …
(«A?aouey-?acaieieee»)
Iaioaiao? (io a?a/aneiai pentametros io penta – iyoue e metron – ia?a) –
aeae aaecaiao?a, a eioi?ii o?aouey e oanoay aeaeoeee/aneea noiiu eeoaiu
aacoaea?iuo neiaia.
Noeo, iaienaiiue iaioaiao?ii, aeaeeony iaocie – oeaco?ie ia aeaa
iieonoeoey, eaaeaeia ec eioi?uo ninoieo ec aeaoo aeaeoeeae e iaeiiai
oaea?iiai neiaa (a aioe/iii noeoineiaeaiee – ec aeaoo aeaeoeeae e
iaeiiai aeieaiai neiaa.
Iaioaiao? ni/aoaaony n aaecaiao?ii, ia?acoy oae iacuaaaiue yeaae/aneee
aeenoeo (aeaonoeoea).
I?eia? ni/aoaiey aaecaiao?a e iaioaiao?a o A.N.Iooeeia:
Neuoo oiieeioaoee caoe !!
aiaeanoaaiiie yeeeineie ?a/e,
Noa?oea aaeeeiai oaiue !!
/oth niouaiiie aeooie …
(«Ia ia?aaiae «Eeeaaeu»)
Iaii (io a?a/aneiai paieon – aeii, ianiiiaiea a /anoue eaeiai-eeai aiaa)
– /aou?aoneiaeiay noiia a aioe/iii noeoineiaeaiee – ni/aoaiea o?ao
e?aoeeo e iaeiiai aeieaiai neiaa. A ?onneii neeeaai-oiie/aneii
noeoineiaeaiee iaiiii oaeaea iacuaaaony /aou?aoneiaeiay noiia, e a
caaeneiinoe io neiaa, ia eioi?ue iaaeaao oaea?aiea, ?acee/atho:
1) iaii ia?aue – oaea?aiea ia ia?aii neiaa: _ _ _ _
2) iaii aoi?ie – oaea?aiea ia aoi?ii neiaa: _ _ _ _
3) iaii o?aoee – oaea?aiea ia o?aoueai neiaa: _ _ _ _
4) iaii /aoaa?oue – oaea?aiea ia /aoaa?oii neiaa: _ _ _ _
Iaii eae naiinoiyoaeueiay, ii?aaeaeythuay ?acia? noiia a ?onneii
noeoa ia ano?a/aaony.
Ia?aue e o?aoee iaiiu ano?a/athony a noeoa oi?ae/aneiai ?acia?a;
iaii aoi?ie e /aoaa?oue – a yiae/aneii noeoa.
Iai?eia?, iaii ia?aue:
N iaaa iieo ! aeaiiiai
aea ! ?a ia iiaenooie,
Eiiiay Ao ! aeaiiiai
?a ! neeioeanue a noaie …
(I.Anaaa)
Iaii aoi?ie:
Oiia?eee ! – noaea?eee, !
ai?yo naaa, ! ai?yo …
(E.Iyoeaa)
Iaii o?aoee:
Nieioea e?anii ! a
acioei ia ! iaaana,
E ia caea ! ie ianioioea ?ina …
(I.sseiaeaa)
Iaii /aoaa?oue:
A a aeaai?i ! aeiii iainei ! ia
O yiea?a ! ioee Oaeueaaea ! …
(A.N.Iooeei, «A?ao Ioeei»)
Ia?aiin a noeoa – ia?aianaiea ieii/aiey caeii/aiiiai ii niuneo
I?aaeeiaeaiey ec noeoioai?iie no?iee eee no?iou a ae?oaoth, neaaeothuoth
ca iae. Oaeie ia?aiin neia aucuaaaony ianiaiaaeaieai noeoioai?iie no?iee
n neioaene/aneei no?iaieai o?acu e ii?aaeaeyaony oai, /oi iinoiyiiay a
noeoa ?eoie/aneay iaoca, caeai/eaathuay noeo, ia niaiaaeaao n iaocie,
iau/iie a iaoae ?a/e, ioaeaeythuae iaeii i?aaeeiaeaiea io ae?oaiai.
Iaiaeeaeaiiue ?ac?ua o?acu yoie ?eoie/aneie iaocie n aieueoie neeie
iiae/a?eeaaao ieii/aiea i?aaeeiaeaiey, aeaeaao iiyoe/aneoth ?a/ue
ii?uaenoie, iai?yaeaiiie, au?aceoaeueii ia?aaeaaay naiua ?acee/iua
niuneiaua iooaiee ?a/e.
Iai?eia?, ia?aiin ec no?iee a no?ieo o I.TH.Ea?iiioiaa
E iuneue i aa/iinoe,
eae aaeeeai,
Oi /aeiaaea ii?aaeaao aae?oa,
Eiaaea noaiae aaca?aaeiue ieaai
Neiaao i?aae aeacaie:
eaaeaeue caoe
Aa?iiiee anaeaiiie,
eaaeaeue /an
No?aaeaiey eeue ?aaeinoe aeey ian
Noaiiaeony iiiyoai, e naaa
Io/ao iu iiaeai aeaoue
a naiae noaeueaa.
(«1831-ai ethiy 11 aeiy»)
Caeanue ia?aiinu ia/eiathony n o?aoueae no?iee aei eiioea no?iou.
Eee ia?aiin ec no?iee a no?ieo (1 – 2, 2 – 3, 5 – 6) e ec no?iou a
no?ioo o A.N.Iooeeia:
Aio aeeaea! nea/oo … e ia aeai?
Aaaaiee! «Ao!» – e eaa/a oaie
Oaoueyia i?ua a ae?oaea naie,
N e?ueueoea ia aeai? e i?yii a naae,
Eaoeo, eaoeo; acaeyiooue iacaae
Ia niaao; ieaii iaaaeaea
Eo?oeiu, iinoeee, eoaeie,
Aeeath e ica?o, eanie,
Eonou, ne?aiue ia?aeiiaea,
Ii oeaaoieeai eaoy e ?o/ueth,
E, caaeuoaynue, ia neaiueth
XXXIX
Oiaea ….
(«Aaaaiee Iiaaei»)
Ie??eoee – a aioe/iii noeoineiaeaiee noiia ec aeaoo e?aoeeo neiaia (_
_), a neeeaai-oiie/aneii – ni/aoaiea aeaoo aacoaea?iuo neiaia, –
aniiiiaaoaeueiay noiia, caiaiythuay yia eee oi?ae, ii naiinoiyoaeueii ia
oiio?aaeythuayny. Oae, iai?eia?, a iooeeineie no?iea «aaeie?aeoaeneay
eaea» aianoi 2-e e 3-e noii yiaa noiyo noiiu ie??eoey; eee a no?iea
«iaaeaeeieith eoia» e 1-y, e 3-y noiiu oi?ay caiaiaiu ie??eoeai.
?a?oiee – ?eoiiaaiiay, oniauaiiay i?eaaooeaie ?a/ue, iaeei ec aeaeia
ia?iaeiiai noeoa. Iacaaiea i?iecioei io neiaa ?a?oiee – aeaaeaeaoe
?aeea, yueea n ?ane?aoaiiuie ea?oeieaie, eioi?ua ii iieacuaae ia
y?ia?eao /a?ac oaaee/eoaeueiua noaeea.
Iieac ea?oeiie nii?iaiaeaeaeny ?eoiiaaiiie, ianuuaiiie i?eaaooeaie
?a/ueth.
Oaeei noeoii iaienaiu iueanu aeey eoeieueiiai oaao?a e noa?eiiua ?onneea
ia?iaeiua iueanu, iai?eia? «Oea?ue Iaeneieeeai»:
ss ia anoue oea?ue ?onneee,
Ia ei?ieue o?aioeocneee,
Ia ei?ieue oaaaeneee
E ia noeoai oo?aoeeee –
A y anoue nai
a?iciue Iaeneieeeai,
Oea?ue ?eineee,
Iaianoiee aaeiaoneee
e eiaeeeneee,
Aeaaeaeaoe ia?neaeneee,
A iuoiie noieeoea
io iaoa?e ?iaeeeny,
Ia naiae noi?oaa, ei?ieaaa
O?iyia, aeaieeny,
Io eioi?ie nui Aaeieueo
o iaiy ?iaeeeny …,
?acia? (iao?) – noaia, caeii /a?aaeiaaiey noii a noeoa. A niioaaonoaee n
aeaeaie noii, eioi?ua eniieuecothony a noeoa, ?acia?u iiaoo auoue
aeaoneiaeiuie (oi?ae, yia) e o?aoneiaeiuie (aeaeoeeue, aioea?aoee,
aiaiano).
I?e ii?aaeaeaiee ?acia?a o/eouaaaony ia oieueei «ea/anoai», ii e
eiee/anoai noii a noeoioai?iie no?iea (noeoa). Iiyoiio, iai?eia?, yia
iiaeao auoue /aou?aonoiiiui, iyoenoiiiui, aieueiui (anee eiee/anoai noii
a noeoioai?iuo no?ieao aa?uee?oaony). A noeoioai?aiee iiaoo
/a?aaeiaaoueny noeoioai?iua no?iee, iaienaiiua ?aciinoiiiui yiaii
(iyoenoiiiue yia iiaeao /a?aaeiaaoueny n /aou?aonoiiiui, /aou?aonoiiiue
n o?aonoiiiui e o.ae.). a eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii neo/aa iaiaoiaeeii
ninoaaeyoue iao?e/aneoth noaio noeoioai?aiey e, i?iaiaeece?iaaa aa,
aeaeaoue auaiae i oii, eaeei ?acia?ii iii iaienaii.
?acia? (iao?) – yoi eae au «eaeaaeueiay» noaia /a?aaeiaaiey oii, eioi?ay
/aua anaai auaea?aeeaaaony ia i/aiue no?iai. Yoi naycaii n oai, /oi
neiaa a ?onneii ycuea eiatho ?aciia eiee/anoai neiaia e oieueei iaeii
oaea?aiea. E?iia oiai, anoue iaiaei neia, ninoiyueo ec iaeiiai
(oaea?iiai) neiaa. Ia oneiaii-noaiaoe/iia, a ?aaeueiia, a ioaeaeueiuo
neo/ayo ionooiathuaa io iao?e/aneie noaiu, /a?aaeiaaiea noii (eee
oaea?aiee) a eiie?aoiii noeoioai?iii i?iecaaaeaiee iacuaatho ?eoiii.
A noeoioai?iie no?iea iiaoo auoue noiiu, a eioi?uo oaea?aiea
«i?iiouaii». Oaeie i?iione oaea?aiey ia oii neiaa, eioi?ue aeieaeai
auoue oaea?iui a niioaaonoaee n ?acia?ii, iacuaaaony ie??eoeai
(ae?aaia-a?a/aneia pyrrhichios, io pyrrhiche – aieinoaaiiue oaiaoe,
ieynea). Noiiu n ie??eoeai iacuaatho «iaeaa/aiiuie» (ie??eoe?iaaiiuie).
Ano?a/athony, i?aaaea ai?acaei ?aaea, neo/ae, eiaaea a noiia iiyaeyaony
«eeoiaa» oaea?aiea, oi anoue oaea?aiea ia neiaa, eioi?uea niioaaonoaee n
?acia?ii aeieaeai auoue aacoaea?iui. Oaeia «eeoiaa» (naa?o noaiu,
caaeaiiie ?acia?ii) oaea?aiea iacuaaaony niiiaeaai (ae?aaia-a?a/aneia
spondeios, io sponde – aea?oaaiiia aiceeyiea). Niiiaeae eae au
«ooyaeaeytho» noeo. I?eia? niiiaeay iaoiaeei a no?iea ec iooeeineie
iiyiu «Iieoaaa»:
Oaaae, ?onneee eieao,
?oaeo, ?aaeao …
_ _ ! _ _ ! _ _ ! _ _ ! _
A no?iea, iaienaiiie /aou?aonoiiiui yiaii, oaea?aiea ia ia?aii neiaa
ia?aie noiiu (a neiaa «oaaae») naa?onoaiiui. Eiaiii ie??eoee e niiiaeae
nicaeatho iaiiaoi?eiue ?eoie/aneee ?enoiie noeoioai?aiey.
?eoia (io a?a/aneiai phythmos) – yoi caoeiaia niioaaonoaea eee
niaeaniaaiiinoue noeoiauo eeaocoe (ieii/aiee).
?eoiu iiaoo auoue aaaeiuie e aiaaouie. Aiaaoua ?eoiu aeeth/atho iiiai
caoeia (iai?eia?, ii?icu – ?icu, aeoo – aeoo, aeaiue – ieaoaiue),
aaaeiua ?eoiu ninoiyo ec iaeiai eiee/anoaa caoeia, iai?eia?, ec iaeiiai
aeaniiai: ae?ocuey – iaiy.
Oi/iua (iieiua) e iaoi/iua (iaiieiua) ?eoiu ?acee/athony oai, /oi a
oi/iuo ?eoiao niaiaaeatho ana eee ii/oe ana caoee (Aaaaiee – aaiee,
caiaiia – ia iia, aaca?aaeiie – ca?oaaaeiie, ?onue – aithnue), a a
iaoi/iuo ?eoiao nicao/ea iiaeao auoue i?eaeeceoaeueiui, oae eae
iiaoi?ythony oieueei iaeioi?ua caoee (eiaee – iiaeae), ?aniyo – ianii?o,
aiein – Aiey).
A ?onneie iiycee XIX a. n?aaieoaeueii ?aaeei, a a iiycee XX a. i/aiue
/anoi iiyou iieiinoueth ioeacuaathony io ?eoi. Noeoe, ia eiathuea ?eoi,
iacuaathony aaeuie noeoaie. I?eia?aie noeoioai?aiee, iaienaiiuo aaeuie
noeoaie, iiaoo auoue «Ii?a» A.A.AEoeianeiai e «…Aiiaue y iinaoee …»
A.N.Iooeeia. onoiay ia?iaeiay iiycey ?eoi ia ciaao, nicao/ey ieii/aiee a
oieueeei?iuo noeoao – yaeaiea ia/anoia e, eae i?aaeei, neo/aeiia.
A caaeneiinoe io ?aniieiaeaiey a no?ieao ?eoiu aeaeyony ia ianeieueei
aeaeia (eo iacuaatho oaeaea niiniaaie ?eoiiaee):
– niaaeiua, eee iaia?iua ( a yoii neo/aa ?eoiothony ninaaeiea no?iee),
noaia ?eoiiaee aa bb;
– ia?ae?anoiua (?eoiothony ia?aay no?iea n o?aoueae, aoi?ay – n
/aoaa?oie), noaia ?eoiiaee abab;
– eieueoeaaua, eee iiiynaiiua (?eoiothony ia?aay no?iea n /aoaa?oie,
aoi?ay – n o?aoueae), noaia ?eoiiaee abba.
Neeeaae/aneia noeoineiaeaiea (io a?a/aneiai sillabe – neia) – nenoaia
noeoineiaeaiey, a iniiao eioi?iai iieiaeaii iaeeiaeiaia /enei neiaia a
noeoioai?iie no?iea (a ?onneii neeeaae/aneii noeoa iau/ii 13), n
io/aoeeaui oaea?aieai a na?aaeeia noeoioai?iie no?iee (ia oanoii eee
naaeueiii neiaa) e ia i?aaeiineaaeiai neiaa a noeoa.
Noeoe naycaiu niaaeiie, iau/ii aeaineie, ?eoiie. Neeeaae/aneei noeoii
iaienaiu i?iecaaaeaiey ?onneie iiycee XVII – ia/aea XVIII a. Iai?eia?:
Oia iaaeic?aeue,
ieiae iaaeieaie iaoee!
Iieieny, ia iiioaeaeae
e ia?o iie ?oee:
Ia ienaa, eaoyue
aeie aaea i?iaiaeeoa
Iiaeii e neaao aeinoaoue,
oioue oai?oeii ia neuoe.
(A.Ae.Eaioaie?, «E oio naiaio»)
A 3—o aiaeao XVIII a. aanueia ?ani?ino?aiaiiia a ?innee neeeaae/aneia
noeoineiaeaiea niaieeinue neeeaai-oiie/aneei noeoineiaeaieai.
Neeeaae/aneee noeo nouanoaoao e iaoa a?aiy a iieueneie, o?aioeocneie,
na?aneie iiycee.
Neeeaai-oiie/aneia noeoineiaeaiea (io sillabe – neia, tonos – oaea?aiea)
– nenoaia noeoineiaeaiey, eioi?ay ii?aaeaeyaony eiee/anoaii neiaia,
/eneii oaea?aiee e eo ?aniieiaeaieai a noeoioai?iie no?iea. Yoa nenoaia
iieo/eea ?ani?ino?aiaiea a ?innee n 30 – o aiaeia XVIII a., iinea
?aoi?iu ?onneiai noeoineiaeaiey, i?iaaaeaiiie O?aaeeaeianeei e, a
iniaaiiinoe, Eiiiiiniaui. N oao ii? neeeaai-oiie/aneia neiaioaea?iia
noeoineiaeaiea yaeyaony iniiaiui a ?onneie iiycee. ?aniieiaeaiea
oaea?iuo e aacoaea?iuo neiaia a neeeaai-oiie/aneii noeoa iaiiieiaao
?aniieiaeaiea aeieaeo e e?aoeeo neiaia aioe/iiai noeoineiaeaiey, iiyoiio
iacaaiey oii yoiai noeoineiaeaiey i?eiaiythony a neeeaai-oiie/aneii
noeoa, a eioi?ii oneiaii iaoaea?iue neia i?e?aaiai e aioe/iiio e?aoeiio,
a oaea?iue – e aeieaiio.
A neeeaai-oiie/aneii noeoa ii iacaaieyi noii, eioi?ua aai ia?acotho,
?acee/atho iyoue iniiaiuo ?acia?ia: aeaoneiaeiua – yia (_ _), oi?a (_
_), o?aoneiaeiua – aeaeoeeue (_ _ _), aioea?aoee (_ _ _) e aiaiano (_ _
_).
A neeeaai-oiie/aneii noeoineiaeaiee eiiaaea noeo eeoai ?eoiu, e a yoii
neo/aa ii iacuaaaony aaeui noeoii.
Niiiaeae – a aioe/iii noeoineiaeaiee noiia ec aeaoo aeieaeo neiaia (-
-); a ?onneii neeeaai-oiie/aneii noeoineiaeaiee aniiiiaaoaeueiay noiia
ec aeaoo oaea?iuo neiaia. Iai?eia?: «Oaaae, ?onneee eieao, ?oaeo,
?aaeao» (Iooeei). Ia?aay noiia yiaa caeanue caiaiaia niiiaeaai.
Noainu (eoaeueyineia stanza) – noa?eiiia iacaaiea iaaieueoiai
ee?e/aneiai noeoioai?aiey, ninoiyuaai ec /aoaa?inoeoee n caeii/aiiie
iuneueth a eaaeaeii ec ieo, iauaaeeiaiiuo iaaeaeo niaie iaeiie oaiie
Noeoineiaeaiea iao?e/aneia – yoi noeoineiaeaiea i?e eioi?ii eiee/anoai a
iiiyoeyo aeieaiou e e?aoeinoe neiaia ii?aaeaeyaony oaeei ia?acii, /oi
a?aiy i?iecianaiey iaeiie aeieaie aeaniie ?aaiyaony a?aiaie i?iecianaiey
aeaoo e?aoeeo aeaniuo. I?inoaeoay noeoioai?iay aaeeieoea yoi noiia,
eioi?ie a iocuea niioaaonoaoao oaeo. Noiiu naycuaathony a aunooth
?eoie/aneoth aaeeieoeo – noeo, a noeoe iauaaeeiythony a
no?iou.Iaeiaiueoee noeo ninoieo ec aeaoo noii, iaeaieueoay aaee/eia
noeoa – oanoue noii. I?e/eia yoiai ia?aie/aiey aeeeiu noeoa caeeth/aaony
a oii, /oi iaoa aieiaiea ia iiaeao ioaaoeoue naiue noii eae iaeii oeaeia
e aia/aoeaiea aaeeinoaa oa?yaony. Iao?e/aneei yaeyaony aioe/iia
noeoineiaeaiea.
Noeoioai?iue ?acia? – niinia i?aaiecaoeee caoeiaiai ninoaaa
noeoioai?iiai i?iecaaaeaiey, ii?aaeaeyaony eeai /eneii neiaia
(neeeaae/aneia noeoineiaeaiea), eeai /eneii oaea?aiee (oiie/aneia
noeoineiaeaiea), eeai /eneii e ?aniieiaeaieai e neiaia, e oaea?aiee
(neeeaai-oiie/aneia noeoineiaeaiea).
Noiia – (neiai-eaeueea n ae?aaiaa?a/aneiai pous eee n eaoeineiai pes –
iiaa, noiia, nooiiy) – ni/aoaiea iaeiiai oaea?iiai (aai iu a
aeaeueiaeoai iaicia/aai ciaeii _) e iaeiiai eee aeaoo aacoaea?iuo neiaia
(eo iu iaicia/aai ciaeii _).
Iiaoi?ythuayny aaeeieoea noeoa (a 1 cia/aiee), ninoiyuay ec aeaoo e
aieaa neiaia, iaeei ec eioi?uo iau/ii aeieaee eee oaea?iue. (ii
Iaeaaiao).
Eae i?aaeei, noiio ia?acoao a?oiia neiaia, iiae/eiaiiay neiaiiio
oaea?aieth (aeoeaioo) ia iaeiii ec ieo. Noiia – yoi ia neo/aeiia,
aaeeie/iia ni/aoaiea neiaia. Oaeia ni/aoaiea aeieaeii auoue onoie/eaui,
iiaoi?ythueiny a ianeieueeeo noeoao. Neiaiia oaea?aiea, o/eouaaaiia i?e
ii?aaeaeaiee noii, – yoi iau/iia oaea?aiea, eioi?ia anoue ai anao neiaao
(ca eneeth/aieai neoaeaaiuo).
A ?onneii eeanne/aneii noeoa nouanoaoao iyoue aeaeia noii:
– aeaooneiaeiua (ninoiyuea ec iaeiiai oaea?iiai e iaeiiai aacoaea?iiai
neiaia):
1) oi?ae (io ae?aaiaa?a/aneiai choreios – e?oaiaie oaiaoe), aai noaia:
_ _ (ia?aue neia oaea?iue, aoi?ie aacoaea?iue);
2) yia (io ae?aaiaa?a/aneiai iambos – niune neiaa iaynai), aai noaia:
_ _ (ia?aue neia aacoaea?iue, aoi?ie oaea?iue);
– o?aoneiaeiua (ninoiyuea ec iaeiiai oaea?iiai e aeaoo aacoaea?iuo):
3) aeaeoeeue (io ae?aaiaa?a/aneiai daktylos – iaeaoe), aai noaia:
_ _ _ (ia?aue neia oaea?iue, aoi?ie e o?aoee aacoaea?iua);
4) aioea?aoee (io ae?aaiaa?a/aneiai amphibrachus, io amphi – n iaaeo
noi?ii, braxos – e?aoeee), aai noaia: _ _ _ (ia?aue e o?aoee neiae
aacoaea?iua, aoi?ie neia oaea?iue);
5) aiaiano (io ae?aaiaa?a/aneiai anapaiston – io?aaeaiiue iacaae), aai
noaia: _ _ _ (ia?aue e aoi?ie neiae aacoaea?iua, o?aoee oaea?iue).
Noiia a neeeaai-oiie/aneii noeoineiaeaiee – iniiaa ethaie
?eoie/aneie eiino?oeoeee. Io /a?aaeiaaiey noii caaeneo iaeia ec
aaaeiaeoeo oa?aeoa?enoee noeoa – ?acia? (iao?).
No?ioa – (io ae?aaiaa?a/aneiai strophe – e?oaeaiea, iiai?io) – ni/aoaiea
ianeieueeeo noeoioai?iuo no?ie (noeoia), ninoaaeythueo ?eoie/aneia,
neioaene/aneia e niuneiaia oeaeia. A ninoaaa no?iou iiaeao auoue io 2
aei 14 noeoioai?iuo no?ie.
*anoue oaenoa n iiaoi?ythuaeny i?aaiecaoeeae ?eoia e ?eoiu,
niaea?aeaoaeueii iauaaeeiythuay ianeieueei noeoia (ii Iaeaaiao).
I?inoaeoae no?ioie yaeyaony aeaonoeoea (aeenoeo). Yoio aeae no?iou
n?aaieoaeueii ?aaeei eniieuecoaony a ?onneie iiycee. I?eaaaeai
ianeieueei aeaonoeoee ec noeoioai?aiey I.TH.Ea?iiioiaa «Ii?neay
oea?aaia»:
A ii?a oea?aae/ eoiaao eiiy;
Neuoeo: «Oea?aae/!
acaeyie ia iaiy!»
Ou?eaao eiiue e ooaie i?yaeao,
A?ucaeao e ieauao
e aeaea ieuaao.
Neuoeo oea?aae/:
«ss oea?neay aei/ue!
Oi/aoue i?iaanoue ou
n oea?aaiith ii/ue?»
No?ioa, ninoiyuay ec o?ao noeoia, iacuaaaony, o?aonoeoeai (oa?oeaoii).
Oa?oeao eniieuecoaony a aeiaieueii iaaieueoii eiee/anoaa noeoioai?aiee
?onneeo iiyoia. Ai?acaei /aua yoio aeae no?iou aoiaeeo a ninoaa e?oiiuo
no?io. Oa?oeaoaie iaienaii noeoioai?aiea A.A.Aeiea «Ianiue Aaea»:
Aeaiue aeiai?ae
ia noa?a oie caiee,
Aaea y eneae iooae e aeiae ei?i/a.
Oai noia?ee eeeiaua eaaee.
Iaiy oai iao.
O?iiie iiaecaiiie ii/e
Noiaeo, neieuecy, onooiii
neieueceeo neae.
Ciaeiiue Aae aeyaeeo
a ionoua i/e.
Iaeaieaa iiioey?iui aeaeii no?iou o ?onneeo iiyoia yaeyaony
/aoaa?inoeoea (eao?ai). Ni/aoaiea /aou?ao noeoioai?iuo no?ie iicaieyao
aeinoe/ue iaaa?iyoiiai ?aciiia?acey ?eoia, eioiiaoeee. *aoaa?inoeoea
ioee/aaony aeaeinoueth neioaenena e iiaeao, a naith i/a?aaeue, aoiaeeoue
a ninoaa aieaa e?oiiuo no?io (iai?eia?, niiaoa eee «iiaaeineie» no?iou),
a /aoaa?inoeoee eniieuecothony ana niiniau ?eoiiaee, iaeiaei iaeaieaa
/anoi ano?a/athony ia?ae?anoiua ?eoiu (noaia: abab), eae, iai?eia?, a
noeoioai?aiee I.TH.Ea?iiioiaa «Nii»:
A iieaeiaaiue aea?
a aeieeia Aeaaanoaia a
N naeioeii a a?oaee eaaeae
iaaeaeaeei y; b
Aeoaieay aua
aeuieeanue ?aia, a
Ii eaiea e?iaue
oi/eeany iiy b
Iniaue aeae no?iou, ninoiyuae ec /aou?ao no?ie, i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
noainu. A ?onneie iiycee noainu – yoi no?ioa ec /aou?ao noeoia
/aou?aonoiiiiai yiaa, a eioi?ie eniieuecoaony ia?ae?anoiay ?eoiiaea
(noaia abab). E?iia yoeo oi?iaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae, eaaeaeay no?ioa
ioee/aaony niuneiaie caaa?oaiiinoueth. Iaeaieaa y?eea noeoioai?aiey,
iaienaiiua noainaie, i?eiaaeeaaeao ia?o A.N.Iooeeia: «Ai aeoaeia
neae?neeo ?oae …», «Noainu» («A iaaeaaeaea neaau e aeia?a …»), «A?iaeo
ee y aaeieue oeeoe ooiiuo …».
Ec ae?oaeo aeaeia no?io, eioi?ua n?aaieoaeueii ?aaeei eniieueciaaeenue a
?onneie iiycee, neaaeoao ioiaoeoue ieoaao, niiao e iniaue aeae no?iou,
nicaeaiiue Iooeeiui, – oae iacuaaaioth «iiaaeineoth» no?ioo.
Ieoaaa – yoi no?ioa ec ainueie noeoia, eioi?ua ?eoiothony ii noaia
abababcc n iaycaoaeueiui /a?aaeiaaieai ioaeneeo e aeaineeo eeaocoe.
Iaeaieaa ecaanoiui i?iecaaaeaieai ?onneie iiycee, a eioi?ii
eniieueciaaia ieoaaa, yaeyaony iooeeineay iiyia «Aeiiee a Eieiiia».
Niiao /aua anaai ?anniao?eaatho eae iaeei ec ee?e/aneeo aeai?ia. Ii n
oi?iaeueiie oi/ee c?aiey ii yaeyaony no?ioie, ninoiyuae ec
/aou?iaaeoeaoe no?ie. Niiao ninoieo ec aeaoo /anoae: ia?aay /anoue
aeeth/aao aeaa eao?aia (/aoaa?inoeoey), aoi?ay – aeaa oa?oeaoa
(o?aonoeoey). Noeoioai?iue ?acia? niiaoia – iyoenoiiiue (?aaea –
oanoenoiiiue) yia. Noaia ?eoiiaee aeaaea a no?iaii, eeanne/aneii niiaoa
iiaeao aa?uee?iaaoueny i?e iaycaoaeueiii oneiaee: a eao?aiao aeieaeiu
eniieueciaaoueny aeaa ?aaiicao/iua ?eoiu, a a oa?oeaoao – aeaa (?aaea –
o?e) ?eoiu, ioee/athueany io ?eoi a eao?aiao. A.N.Iooeeiui iaienaii o?e
ciaiaieouo niiaoa: «No?iaue Aeaio ia i?ace?ae niiaoa…», «Iiyoo» («Iiyo!
ia aei?iaee ethaiaeth ia?iaeiie …») e «Iaaeiiia».
«Iiaaeineay» no?ioa auea nicaeaia Iooeeiui niaoeeaeueii aeey ?iiaia
«Aaaaiee Iiaaei». No?oeoo?iay noaia «iiaaeineie» no?iou auaeyaeeo oae:
AbAbCCddEffEgg (i?iieniuie aoeaaie iaicia/aiu aeaineea eeaocoeu,
no?i/iuie – ioaeneea). Yoa no?oeoo?a auaea?aeeaaaony ai anai oaenoa
?iiaia, ca eneeth/aieai ienai Oaoueyiu (ae.3), Iiaaeia (ae.8) e «Ianie
aeaaooae» a ae. 3.
Oa?oeeia (io eoaeueyineiai terzina) – no?ioa, ninoiyuay ec o?ao
noeoioai?iuo no?ie, iaienaiiuo iau/iui yiaii.
Noeoe a oa?oeeiao ne?aieaiu ia?ae?aueaathueieny ?eoiaie: ia?aay no?iea
?eoioaony n o?aoueae, iineaaeiae a no?ioa; aoi?ay – n ia?aie no?ieie
aoi?ie no?iou e o.ae. Caeai/eaaaony oa?oeeia ioaeaeueiie no?ieie,
?eoiothuaeny n i?aaeiineaaeiae no?ieie iineaaeiaai o?aonoeoey.
Oa?oeeiaie iaienaia «Aiaeanoaaiiay eiiaaeey» Aeaioa. E oa?oeeiai
ia?auaeny a naiai oai?/anoaa e A.N.Iooeei:
A ia/aea aeecie
oeieo iiiith y;
Oai ian, aeaoae
aania/iuo, auei iiiai;
Ia?iaiay e ?acaay naiuey.
Nie?aiiay, iaeaoay oaiai,
Ii aeaeii aaee/aaay aeaia
Iaae oeieith iaaeci?
o?aieea no?iai …
Oiie/aneia noeoineiaeaiea (io a?a/aneiai tonos – iai?yaeaiea,
oaea?aiea).
O?eieao (io o?aioeocneiai triolet io eoaeueyineiai trio – o?ia) –
ainueienoeoea, iaeei ec aeaeia no?iou, iino?iaiiie ia o?iae?aoiii
iiaoi?aiee no?ie e ?eoi. Ia?aay no?iea o?eieaoa iiaoi?yaony eae
/aoaa?oay e naaeueiay, aoi?ay – eae aai ainueiay no?iea. Ia?aue noeo,
e?iia oiai, ?eoioaony n o?aoueei e iyoui; aoi?ie – n oanoui.
Oi?ae – aeaoneiaeiue ?acia?, a eioi?ii oaea?aiea iaaeaao ia ia?aue neia:
_ _
_ _
Ao?y iaeith iaai e?iao …
(A.N.Iooeei)
Oi?eyia – /aou?aoneiaeiay noiia, ia?aciaaiiay ec ni/aoaiey oi?ay e yiaa.
Oaeia ni/aoaiea ano?a/aaony a yiae/aneii noeoa, eiaaea a iiiaineiaeiii
neiaa, ia?acothuai aeaa e aieueoa noiiu, ii?iaeueiia oaea?aiea iaaeaao,
iai?eia?, ia ia?aue neia aoi?ie noiiu:
Eiiue niioueaaony iiae iei
No?iea iaienaia yiaii, ii neiai niioueaaony iaeuecy /eoaoue
nii!!ouea!!aony, ?ac?uaay aai iao?e/aneei oaea?aieai, a iaaei /eoaoue,
eae cao/eo neiai a anoanoaaiiie ?a/e: niioueaaony (_ _ _ _ _).
*aoaa?inoeoea, eee eao?ai – iaeei ec naiuo ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo aeaeia
noeoioai?iie noi?ou n ia?ae?anoiie, ioaaoiie eee niaaeiie ?eoiie.
A ainoi/iie iiycee /aoaa?inoeoea – ioaeaeueiia noeoioai?aiea – iineo
iacaaiea ?oaae: a iai ?eoioaony ia?aue, aoi?ie e /aoaa?oue noeo.
ssia – aeaoneiaeiue ?acia?, a eioi?ii oaea?aiea iaaeaao ia aoi?ie neia:
_ _
_ _
_ _
Aeaaaeoeaoue aae. Aua aacaeiiiae,
Aua no?aoiaa aeecie iaea.
A.Aeie.
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