.

Русский авангард как течение в искусстве: Малевич, Филонов, Кандинский

Язык: русский
Формат: контрольна
Тип документа: Word Doc
64 968
Скачать документ

E????ay ??? ? ?e????e ? ??:

???? ???? ?e ???a a ????a: I???, O???, E????e

I?i

1. A???ae ?e ???a a ????a

2. A???ae a ???e

3. I??????? e ???a ????a a ???e

N??e ?????

1. A???ae ?e ???a a ????a

A????? – (??oe. avantgardisme ? avant — ????e e garde — ??yae) — ?????
???? y???????? ???e, ??, e??i?e, ??, ????? ????o ????? XX a., ????th?o
?? ???ey ????? ??ai ????a, ? ?ath?? ?y?e ? ???.

A????? – y? ????y ????y ?????? ????, ???????e, y???????? ??e ??o ?? e
??e a ????a. I?y?a, ???????a ?????. Ii e ?????i ??o ?? ???, ????o ? ??n
? ????a ???a I???. I???y ? ??????? ????? ????a ????a e ???? ?????
??????? ????, ????e??? ???u ????? y?? ???ey, ????e ? i????a «??? ????? e
????y «?n?th?» ?c ??a ???? e ?????? ????ey ??? ???? ??, ?? ???n????
????a ??? ???? ?y??yi ????a ? ??? XIX e XX ??a.

E???? ????a ???a ?iy ??????y ????y. ??????? e ?? ???i?? y?y?ny ???y
???????y ?ay ??eth???e ??? ?? ?????, ? ?????th?? ???? ???????i ?????ey,
?i «??????i??», ????ey ???? ?????i, a ???i ?????ny «???ay ?????». A y?i,
??? ??i, ?iy?y?ny ???????ue ??o ???o ?? ?????? ????a ? ????? ???a I?a?a.
A??a n ?i, ???i ?? ???? e ????ia ????? y?? ?iy?y ??aey ? y????e: «????e
??yae, ???e ????? ??e a ??????e ??a ?? ????ey ??». O?? ??????? ????a
???a ????i ???? e ??e, ?i «???? ???? ??i ??a ?? ??ae ?e ia??? ? ??e y??
e ???… e ? ??o yaey?ny ??i ? ?????e ????a ??? XX ??». A?e ??????, ?i
?????a ????i «???o ?? ???? ?? ? ??ny???i ????a ????, ????? ???ey» e ?i
????ey? ?aie ? ???, a «??????? ????», oi ?????y, ??????y ??a ?????? —
??????, ????? ????a ????e?? e ???e ????, ?? ?? ???o? ??????.

A?e a ????a XX ?? ??????i ????? «?????a n ?????, ? y? e ?? ???????,
???????? ????. O???? a ??i ??? ??? ???ey ???? «???? y?o ?? e ????? ?i
??? ? ?????? ????eth». O??i ??i y?i ???i ????ny ???? ????? eo???:
«?????? ?? ??c ????a, ?????». N???a ??? ? ?????ey ????a ? ???n ?i ???ey
??a ??i ??, ?e ????e ????, ????o a ???ii ??? ???e ????th a ???e ????
????a ??? e y?y?y ???n — ?o O???y, a ? ????a ?????? a ?i ?????? ??a.
Iiyo?o ??a ??? ???y ??ue i ?i, ?i a ??? XX ?? «???e ?????-???o?? ????? e
«???e ??????? ?a??? ? ?? ??????, ? ????enue ??????, «? e ??? ????ue a
????a ????? ???e ??? ?????i ??????.

Ai ?? ???? ???yo ???????n?? e ?????i ????a ??? XX ??: ????a, ???????,
nth????a, ????, ?i-??, ?-?oa, ?????i ???????? ????? ???? ???????ey ?
????i ??? ????a. ???ay ????a-??????a E. I??a ????? y? ?e: «?a???a ??u
??????? ? ??u, ???e a ?????». O?ay y????ey ??u io o????? ??????i a ?a
????ey ???? ??n ?????e, ??i ?????e e ?????e ???u, e, a ? ? ??y, –
??????ue ???????, ???? ???a e ??????oyi ???????ey a ????a (?i e ????ey??
a ???ii A???a e ????? AOOOAIANa). Ii ??? n ??????? ????e ????i ????e
«?????oth ??? ? ???eth ????? y???? ????a» a ????oth e ???th ?? –
??????o, ????i. I?y?y ?????i ?????y, ???, n?ey ??y? ??e; a?u ????a
?????ue ?? «?????».

A???ae — ????? ???a, ????o??y ????i ??? ????? ????a e ??e. I?th? e ????o
«??y ?????», a ???e ??????? ???? ???????i ???yth?y y??????, a yn????? —
???y???e. O??a ?? ?n??y?e, ?????a e ?i-??: «????? I. Aeth?i ??????o ???
?????ey ?e??? ??? ? ?????, a Y. O??e — «????eth» ? ????? ??e. A? ???
????e? ???o ???oue ? ????i-??????? ???e ?????e?i ????a: ????, ?????,
???a, ???a, ???a, y???????. N?ue ?????? a ???????, ??????e e ???. E ?oy
a ???? XX ???ey, a ????a ??i????a y? ????? ?? ????i ?y??a (???? ??? ???,
?i ???? ???? ?? ?????), n????i ????, ?i ??????a ??? e ????ueth ????ey
??????? ??u ????ey? ??e ???? ??? ??, ????thu? ???i ???i ?o, ?? ???ey?
?????? n ???e ?y ?ay ???? ????a, ????? ?????? ????oth ???o, ????????
???? e ??????? ????a. A?ue ?y ??, ??u a ??? ?? ???? ????thth i??? e
a?????? ??????, ??i ???e «????? ??». *? y??i??? ????i, ?i ???a ?i ?iy?
i????? ???th, ???? ???? ???? ? ???. Y? ?a ?o ? nth?o «Ne?? i ??i ???».
I???? ?????? ????a ???y?ny e ?i, ?i ?????a ?????y a ?i ??iy?i ????th?y n
????e ???? e ????, ?y?? ?????y, ?i ???? ? ???eth ? ??? y?y?ny ???i ?
????.

E? ???y ? y? ?????? y???, n 1970-o ?. ?a ?? ?yaeyth?y ???ey ?????ae,
??????, ??????ae. A ???e ??????? ???a ??i «????» ???a ???? A. A?? a 1910
a. a ??? i ???? «Nith? ???o ?ae????, a ???e ? ????? ??? «??????? I.
E????, I. E???aa, A. ss???.

2. A???ae a ???e

E ???? 1910-o ?? ????a a ????a ????o e ???e. N y?? ???e a? ??a ???,
?????a ????y a ???e ?e ????e ? ???e. A? ? ????i ?o ? y?? ??i a ???i
????a ? ????? ??ue ???i ????: a ??a 19 – ??? 20 ?. ???y ?????y ????
????? a ????a?? ???. A?iy?i, ?y?? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ????? –
A???a-I???a, N??a, E???a – ????e??ny ?e ?????a. I??i ?a? e y????? ????
???y ?? ????? n ?????i ?????i, ??????th (????, ? ?????a ?y ???? ????a)
??o ?????, ?e A.Oe?i e I.Oi??e.

I? y?i ????atho ???ey ?a ?i??: ??? – y? ?, ?i ??c ???? ???? (??ae), e
y?? ???e ? C??a ????ath?e ?a ??? ??u ??? ????, ????ny ??eth?? ????i ???i
???? ????a e ????? e ?? y? ????o ??ue ??? ???, ??? ???a ? ?? C??; ??? –
y? ???yth??y ? ???a ???n e ????yi a ???? ????a.

I?? ?y ???? ????a ?e ?????e ??c ? ?????i ???ey, ??? ????a ???????e a
??????? ????? e ????a ??????? e ??????? ??e: ?? ????a e ??eth???e ???? n
????? y???e, ?????? ? ???? ????a?? ??? a ????a e a ?? ??? ??e.

Ia ??? y??o y? ?????a y?a?y a ???i ????a ?????? ????e «?????, «??a
?????, «???c?, «??????», «??a ????? e ?.

E????-?????? ??e ???? ????? ???? ?????i ?????th?? e ?y???i ??? ?????y:
?i ?????a n???? n ??? y?? «????ai A???i ??y» – ??y ??? (? O??? – ?-??, a
A???e – th????ue, a A??? – ????i e o.ae.), ????? – n ?????? a ??e ???
«?????i ????? ????e ????? – ????????i ????. I??i, ?? ??y?? ? y? y??? a
???i ????a ???e ?????e ??????? ????, ? ??i ???ue, ?i ????, ????ny ??ue ?
??? XIX–XX ?., ???eytho ?a ????? ???? ????a ??? ? ?????o ?? ???????i
?????.

3. I?i?????e e ???a ????a a ???e

E????e A??? A????/ (1866–1944), ???e e ???? ????, ???? ????a e ?yo, ?? ?
???a ????a ??? ???? 20 ??; ??e a ??i ???????? ?????? ????a. ???ny a I??a
22 ?y?y (4 ???y) 1866a. A? a ??????a ?? ??e ????ny ???e e ????th. N 1885
??? th?????eth a I????i ?????oa, ? a ????? ??e ??y?? ?ay ????o. I????e
?i ??? ?a ???a: ?-???, ???ea?y ? ???o ??????o ????? e ???????i o????,
????? a y??????? y????e ? A????? ???? (1889), ?-???, ????a ?????e ???? a
I??a (1896), ?a ? ?e ??y?i ????e E.I?a. N 1897 ?? ?e a Ith??a, ?a ????y
a ???e A???e ????a ?ae ?????? O.?i O??. I?? ??????e ? A??a e N???e A??a
(1903–1907), n 1902 ?e a ???? a Ith??a, a a 1908–1909 a ?? I??o (A????
A??). Io ???, ?a ????? y?? e ??? ?????e??? ???-yoth?a ???e e ????i,
????i e «?????? ? ???? ????eyi, ?a ??????ue ?????a ??? ???? ??????i ???a
n ?i ????? ??????o ??? e ????e ????e ???? (“I?o?ay ??ue”, ” Ae?u a
?????”). A 1910 ??? ??? ?????a ????? ?????? e ???? ???o “I ???? a
????a” (??a ?? ?????? a 1911 ? ???? y??). N??y ?a?? a ????a ?????, ????
???a?a, ???e, ?i ??a ??i ?i ?????y ?y?i ???????i ?????? ??? ????o ???? e
???. A ??? ?i ???oth?o «?????, «??????» e «?????» (?e ?i E????e ???? ??u
??o ??o) ??o ??c ?????i ???i ?ec?a, ?e ? ?th?? a ???o, a ?????i ???e, ?
?? ????? ????ey ???ath?? ???-???y. Ae????ey ??? ??? e ????th ???ny ? ??
????e ?? ???uo iy?i, ??e, ??e, ????o ???? (o?a ????, ??e, i???, ???i?i
??? e o.ae.).

A 1914 ???ny a ???th, ?a ?e a ???? a I??a. N?????y «??????», ?y?y ????i
?????ey a ????a, ?????a ?y ?i ?????, ????atho a y?o ??? ?a ??a ????e e
??????e ???? (“I??a. E??ay ???ue”, ” N???”, ” N????a”, ” N?? ??”). A
1918 ??e ????????oth ??o ” N???”. A??? ?eth??y a ?????oth e
?????i-?n??????oth ?y????ue, ??? a ??? I?????, E???? ???n???e ???? (E??)
e ?????e ???? ???n???o ?? (?AOI), ????? a A??o ??????i-?????o ?????
(A???n), ???, ? ??ya ???????oth ????th, ???? ???e ???th a 1921 ??.
I???e a A???e. A? ?n?????? ???? (?????y ??y ” I?? ??”, 1922) ???tho a
y?o ??? ??a ?????i – ?????? ????, ???y? n ????? ????e?a e ???????a, ?
???yy ?ith y??th e ????th ??????? (“A ??? ????”, 1923; ” I???? ???”,
1926;). A 1924 ??? ????e ??? n ss????, E.O??i??i e I.E?a ?????a «N?yy
????», ????y n ?? ????? ????. A???e ?e ???? ?????e ??? nth?u I.I.I?????
” E???e n ????” a ??? Ae??o (1928). I?? ???a ???? e ??? a 1933 ?? ???? ?
O??eth, ?a ?e a I??a e ?i ????a I??-nth?-N?. E??? ?????? ?????a
nth????a, ?a ?? ??? a ?? ???u – ??y? n ???? ???????e ??????e e ???e –
????? y???u, ???? ??i ????i ????ai, ??y?i a ?????? ???a (“Ae???oth?y
??ay”, 1936, ” A??? ??”, 1940, “??????? ???ey”, 1941). N ???i ???? ????e
(1939) ???a?ny y?????ue a NOA e ??? ????i ?ny?a a I??ayo, ? a ??a ???ny
a I??, ?a ????e ???i ????, a ?i ??a ?ae ???? ?????i ???-???, ???e ?????y
??a? ????i n ?????? A????. O?? E????e a I?e-nth?-N? 13 ?ea?y 1944.

O??? I?? I????/ (1883-1941)

I?? O??? ???y a I??a. ??i ???? ???? a I????, ?a ?? ??e ????. N 1908a.
I?? O??? ??ny a A???e ????, ??? ?e ??th?i a 1910a. A 1911a. ? ??????e
?y?eny n Nith?i ???? e ?????e a ? ????o. A ??oth?i ?? ??e a E??th e
O??eth.

I??a ?????? ?????ey O???a, ??? ????? a ????e ???a ? ??? (I??? e ???a, I?
???e, A??e e C??, C?? e A??e; ?a ??? – 1912–1913, ???? ??e, I????),
???oth ???atho e ????? e ???o – n ? ???????e ????-??????yie e ????i
????i e «??? ??? ??y. A ?o ??????ny ????ay ??? ????a ???ue ???o
??????ee? ????e y???e – ?e ??? «????th» ??. I??i (a ???a ? A.A.O???) ?
????o ?e ? «o????i-??????? e ? ????o e ?c??, ???y? a ??? ???, ??y??y,
???e ??????.

A 1913 ????? ????e ? ??a ?y ???? A???? Iay???? “A???? Iay???e” N??th?a
?a ?? I?? O?i?a ???e ?eth????i ???????o ????, ??e ?ith ????????th ?y?
“I??a?ue i ???e ???e” e ??e ?????a? ??????? ???: “E?ie?ey ??????? ????a”
e “I???u ????n?”. A 1919a. ???u ????a ???ey?? ia ??? ???????e ????e ????
e???a ???o a I????a.

A 1923a. I?? O??? ????ny ???n?? A???e ???? e ??? E???? ??????? ????
(EIOOE). A ? aea ?? ???o “Ae????y ???e ???e” I?? O???a a ???a “AE??
????a”. Ae? ?? ??oy I?? O??? ???? ????a ???? ??????e ???? (e???? ??? ?e
??a O???a).

Ec-? ?i?????y ??? ???e e ???e a ??n O???a, ?i ???ea, ?????y ?
1929-1930a. a ???? ??a ? ??iy??. A 1932a. A? ??ue e ??/??i ? ?? ????
???. Ii ?? ? ????e ? ??y ???u E????a a 1941a. A 1967a. ?? ????a ????ay
???? ??o I?? O???a a I?????a.

E?ue a ???? ?? ???? O???a ???? ????a ????a. E????ey n???? ?i ??ueth ??
???? ??? ???eth ????a a NNN?. Ii ??e ?? ??????? ??ue, ?a???y ?i
a???????i ???i a ???a ? ??e.

O? a ?i ??? ???o ??i ??????ny ???y?a ????e A???e ??i?e a I????a. O???
???e ???eth a 1910a e ??? ??? ??????y ????i ?????y a ???? n ??th ?????i
???ey ??? ??y.

A ??e ???? I?? O??? ??thae? e ????e ??, ???a ??th?tho a ?? ??????a
??????. A? ??th ?? ????? ???????? ??ey ?? e ?i ??????i ????y.

E??? O???a ?? ?????i ia ??? ????o ?????e. A? ???? – y? ?????a ????????
????a, ????a ? ???o ?y? n ??? e ????e ????a. A ???? O???a ??i “????e
????o” a ???.

I?? ??eth?e 1917a. I?? O??? ???e ?ae ?????i ??e ??? “A?????ay ????”.
N????a ????y a ???e ?????e ????? – ?????. I?? O??? ??ye ??ue ??i ???e e
o??e ?y ??????? ?????e e ????? ??. Ii ???e ? 18 ??a a ??e.

A 1925a., ??y ??i ??????? e ?????th?o ?i ??ue ????y, ? ???e ??o a
I????a. Y? ??a ?? ???a ??????? a 1928a. ??? ? ??e ???? ???????e e ?????e
?????y?.

I??? E??? N???i?/ (1878-1935)

???ny a ??a ???? ? I??e, ?e ???i ??e ?ay??o ??e. A 1889-94 ?. ??y ??i
????? n ??a ? ??i; a ?? I????a ?ec A???uey I??? ???? iy????? ???????a
???a. A 1895-96 ?. ??????e?? ??y ????y a E???e ?????e ??a I. E. I???. N
1896, ??a ???? a E??, ??? ?????i a ?????i ????? ???? ???.I??th 1905 ???e
a I??o, ???e n ???????? ?ey? ?iy?y a I????i ???a ??ie?, ?y?y e ????a e
N?????? ???a; ?e e ???e a ??-???a ????a A. A. E?aeth?? a E????. I?a?e
?iy?y a ???e ??? O. E. ??a?? (1905-10). I??aey ?? a E??a, I??? ?a?? ?
??y?, ???ay? ?e ??????ieno.

A???? a ?? ?????

I??? ????? a ????o, ??????? I. O. E????i: «A???e ??? (1910-11), «I???
??? (1912) e «I??? (1913). A??e 1911 ????y n ??????i ????i «Nithc ????»,
??? ???? ?? a y??a 1913 (??e a ???a 1914); a 1911-14 y?i???? ?? ??? ?
????o ?????y, ????? a ???o-????.

Ae?????-y?????????? ???a I???a ??? 1900-10-o ?. ????????e ? ???? ???ey
A??a e ????, o????????? n ??? ????? ????e ???? «?????». Ia ????o ?????
?e ?????i e ?i ?????e ???o ???? ???????a — ???u ? o?u ???y??e ??e (???a
?e ????i? ???i ???y??? ??a) e ?yae ??o n nth??? ? «??????? ae??»
(«E????», «Ia ????», «N????, a? 1911, N???e ???, e ?.).

N 1912 ???? ????? ?????i n ?y?? A. A. E???o e A???? O????? I??? ???e
?yae ???e ???o ????ia (A. E???o. A???ue. ??. E. I???a e I. ?????. NIa.,
1913; A. O?a??a, A. E???o, A. A?i. O?a. NIa., 1913; A. E???o, A. O????.
E?a a ?o. 2-a ?i. ?ae. ??. E. I???a e I. ??a??e. NIa., 1914; A. O????.
?ya! I???e. ??. E. I???a. NIa., 1914; e ?.).

A? ???? y?o ?o ???????a ??????e ???o ????a, ????? ?c??a «??????»:
??????a ????a ???, ????? ????ue ?????? e ??n?y????ue ????, ?????ue n
??oe?? ????a, ??????? ????? [«O???? (I??? ????y)», 1912, e ?.].?a?? ?ae
????y? e ??th?? e ????? a ??a 1913 ???????e ??u «I??a ?ae N???» (??o A.
E???o, ??? I. I?th??, ??? A. O????a) a?????e ?? ????a I???? ?e ?????a
??????.

A ???? a y? ??y ???? ??????e ?? e nth?? «???? ????», ???????i ???i,
???????? ???a ?e ????? ????ey ??????i ?a????? ??n??; ?????y ????, ????ay
???th, ????????th ?????, ?? ????a ? ???th?i ???a ??i??? ?????? e ????
y????, ?e?????y a ????eth, ?????th ??i n???, ???eyth?i ????e ??i ??e
?i?????ueth («Ae?a ? ????a ???y», 1913; «A???», «E????y n I?? E?i?, ?a
1914; «A????i a I???, 1914, e ?.).

A?????? ??????

I?? ??? 1-e ???e ??u ???? ?yae ?????? ??????? ??? n ???? A. A. Iay????
?y ?????? «N????? ???.A??e 1915 ???? ??? ???a ?????? ???????i ??y, ???
?????i ?????? «??????. E?????? ?????th — ??ey?? ??????? ???i, ????? ???e
?ea??? ???e e ?????i a ??th «??th ???», ?a ??????ee ??? ???? e ???e, —
I??? ?e ?????? «??????. N????e ? ??? ???? e ????? ??th «???», ??????o a
??? y?? ????a, ????, ??i «????ey», ?i a ???? ???? «???????, «?????»,
«???????. Ia ??? y?? ?????iey ??e ??????? ???u I??? y?i ??? ????y
??????ue ?????, ae?????? ??a ?? ??e ????? ?????? ????.

Ia ???? «I,10» a ??a 1915 ???a ???e 39 ???i ?ae ??i ????i «N????? ????»,
a ?i ??a ??a ????? ?? ?????? — «*??e ???o (*??e ???o ? ??i ??)»; ? y?e ?
???? ?????iy?? ??th? «Io ???a e ??????». E?? 1916 I??? ?e ???i ? ???th
???; ??????i a 1917.

A ?a 1917 ?e ??? a ??o ???n????? Nith? ?????-????? a I??a ??????? ? ??e
????e (???e ???e). A ???a ?? ??????i O??????e ??? I????? N??a ???n?o
????a, ?a ?e ???oth ????i-???????th ???. A ?oy?a 1917 ?e ??? ??????i
???? «A???e ???. A ?y?a 1917 ????? A??i-??eth???e ???o ?c??e I???a ?????
? ??? ?iy??? ???u e ??? E???e ? ??? ??????? ????e, a ?th ?yc???ue ???a
??? ????e E??y.

I????eth???y ?y????ue

A ??a-eth? 1918 ?y??? ?????e a ????? ??? «A??ey», ?????a ??i ?? ?ny??
???. O????e a ???o ? ??????o ????o I??u e ????o 1 Iay. A eth? ?e ??? ???
????? O??????e ???? I??a E? I?????, ?a ??e a ???oth ???eth ??? n A. A.
O???i e A. Ae. E????.

A ????? ?????y n ???e ????? ???? ???? ??i 1918 a I???aae. A ??????o
N???? ????? I???o ?? ???? ?? ? ?????. I???e ??????th ????? «I???e-A?? A.
A. Iay???? a ????a A. Y. I????? (1918). A 1918 ?? ???u ???a «??ai
??????», ????e ??? ???????e ????.

A ???a 1918 ???ny a I??o. I?iye ?????i ?????e ?????e a ????? I e II ANOI
(a I-o ????i n I. A. O????e ).

A eth? 1919 ???? a I????a ??? ???e ??????e ?? «I ??o ???? a ?????.A ???
?y?y 1919 ???? a A???, ?a ???e ????ue ?????ey ????? a A???? I???i
??????? ???a, ????y?? I??i O??ii.

A ??a ?? ? ?? a I??a ??iy?? ??ay ?????ay ???? I???a; ????eyy ????th
????a, ?a ???a???? ? ??? ?????????? ??o ??c ???????, ?????? e ?????a
???a e ??????, ?????y ? ?e ???a: ???, ???e, ??e; ?????ue y????y ?????? n
???e ?e??e, ??y?? ??????e ??? ? ???? ?e ???e. A???? ??? (1919-22) ?e ??i
????th ??????o e ?????o o???; a ? ?? ?? ???? ??e ?a ?????a ?????ey

I???a, a ?i ??a ????i ????a ???????? ??a «N?????. I? ?e ????????.

A ??? ?y????e ????? ? i????ey «O?????e ??? ????? (O??n) I???? ?? ?????
??? ??a ?? a ???????, ???????, ?e???i-?????? ??? ????y ??????.

I??ay e ??????ay ?y????ue

A ??a ?y 1922 ???? ? A???a a I????. N ??e 1922 ??i??e ???e ? ??????i
????e ??????? E???? ?????o ????a. N??e ????i ???? e ??????e ???????a
???e ?y ????? ???e (1923). E???e ??? ???e «????», ???o ????e ???e a
??????e ????n?ai?-????i ??????.

A 1920-a ?. ????ye A??????? e???o ??????? ???? (A??e). ????? ??a a A???
????i-??????i ???i, ?????? ???????i a ??e ?a???e ????. A ??? y????????
??? ????a ???? ??????a e?????y, ????y ?????e ?????e ??? ?????? y???a a
????, a o?? ????e e ?????eth ???? ???????o ?????, «??????», ????o, ? ??e
???, ??ey? ??e ?????u, «???????? ???», ???e ??? ?e ?? a ??? ???,
????eth?? ??????? ??y.

I?? ???? A??? a 1926 I??? ?a?a n ?????? ?e ????i a A??a????e ???? ???e
????a, ?a ?e??? ????i y????????i ???ey ??????? ????.

A 1927 ??e a ?????th ?????? a A??? (8-29 ??a) e A??i (29 ??a — 5 ethiy).
A A??? ?? ????? ????, ia ???e ??? ??eth. A A??? I???o ?e ?????? ?e ia
????e A??? ????? ??????? ???? (7 ?y — 30 ??y?y). 7 ??ey 1927 ???e A??? a
Ae??o, ?a ?????ny n A. A???? e E?? I??-I??; a ?i ? ?? a ??? ???e A???a
?? ?????? ??a I???a «I? ?e ?n?a?????.

I??? ????a ???y??a ????y a NNN?, ??? ??? ? ???; ?a ???u e ??a ???e a
A??? ? ????a ???, ?e ?e ?????e a ???i ????ue ???a ?????a ??a n ???i a
I??. Ii ???a a NNN? ?e a???? e ?e ??? ??? a ??th??e.

A 1928 ???? ????ey ??a ??? I???a a ?????i ???a «I?ay ????y». N y?? ??,
??ay ?????oth ???? a O??y???e ???a (1929), ???? a????ny e ??i e nth??i
??o ??o ???i ???y??? ??a, ???y ??????? ???u 1908-10; ?????????a ???a
????e ??? ???y??e ??.

A ??a 1920-o ?. ?e ??? ??a ?yae ???????????o ??????, ?y ae???? ?? ????
???i ? 1900-a ?. A? ?? ??th ?????????o ??? ????e ???, ?a ????i-???????ua
??u ???o e ???o ??a, ??? e ??? ??????? ?y ???????y ????? ??????i ???.

A 1929 ????? a E???i ??????ii ????a, ???ay ?? ??? ?nyoe. I?????y ???? a
E??, ????ay a ???a-?a 1930, ?? ??? ??????? — ??ueth ?? ? ?? ???? ?e
a???? e ??th?i ? ????i ??? a ??????th oth?? IAIO.

A 1931 ??? y??u ???? E???i ??? a E????a, ???? ???? ?e ???? ? ?i ???o. A
1932-33 ?. ????e y???????? ?????? a ???? ??a. O????i I???a ????? ???a
??e oy??? e ??????? ??a ???e ????. A 1933 ???? oy??y ???ue, ????y ????a
e ???. Ii ????th ? ?e ????i a I????a, ??? ???a ?? I??u.

N??e ?????

1. A??a A.A. A?ue?e y???????? ???ue ???????? e????

2. A????y A. AE?o a ?y?? ???i ???? ????a

3. A?cyi E.A. O?????? ????a ???ey ????a e i????

4. I????? ???e ???? / A??-?????ue A.Ae.N??uey?a. I., 1992

Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter

Похожие документы
Обсуждение

Ответить

Курсовые, Дипломы, Рефераты на заказ в кратчайшие сроки
Заказать реферат!
UkrReferat.com. Всі права захищені. 2000-2020