E????ay ??? ? ??????e ? ??:
???ay ????? OVIII – ??? XIX ??a
I?i
1. I?y?a ?????
2. Ae????y ???e ????? OVIII – ??? XIX ??a
3. A????i ?????
4. O??? O??
5. I??e E????e
6. O???e U??i
7. E?i I??n
8. E?i I????
N??e ?????
1. I?y?a ?????
N????a (?o. sculptura, ? sculpo — ???th, ???th), ?y?a, ????, ?ae
?ia?????? ????a, ?????ey ???ai ?atho ???oth, ????oth ??o e ??eiyth?y ?
???o ?e ?????? ?????. N????a, ?y?a, ????, — a ???i ???? ??a, ????i
????ue ? ??u, ??a, ??y, ???a, ???, ?noe e ?. ????? ?????a ???ea, ???? e
?? ????a ???u a ?y????o, ???? ? ???.
N????a ????? ???i ???i ????, ?? ????, ? ??i? ??u — ???o, ??????, ???a,
??????a, ??????? ?????y, ??a?????e e ??????? ??. O??????-a?????? ????
????? — ????? ???? ??u, ?????ay ?????a (??a), ????? ??y?, ???u, a ????o
??ayo ??a ??a. ????th?y ???y ?????a (??oy, ???, ??oy?a, athno), ??????y
n ??? ???, e ??? (?ae ?????, a ???i ?????a yaey?ny ???? ?e ?????i ?
????th e ????e ??, ???? ?? — ???? e ????). I??????y ????? (?iy??e,
????u) ?y?? n ???e??? ???, ????ny ???????th ??, ???e ???ueth ????y, ????
????e; ??????i-?????ay ????? ?eth?? a? ?? ????a ??????o ????? (a???,
????u, ??u, ???ay, ?i??ay e ????ay ?????); ????y ????? ??o ???u, ???a e
???a ?e ???a, e ????? ?????a ?????. I?????i ????a e ???a ????ey ?????y,
?????, a ???i ???? ??a, ?????y ? ????i ????: ??a, ?e ?????a — ????i ????
n iy?? ????i, ??? ?? e ??a; ???? ??, ?e ???e? — ????i ??? ??y?a ?
??????? ???a; ????, ?e ????? a ??? ??? — ????i ???? ?????a ? ??y, ???a,
??? e ??? ???o ???a; e ??? ????? ??i, ??o ??, ????? ??th?, ?c?o ? ???o e
?????o ??yo e ?????? ???a ?y ??o e ???e (?????a ????i). I???? ????? —
???, ???, ae?a, ???, ?? e ?. I??u ? ????e — ??a, ????a, ??a, ??a, ???a e
?.
2. Ae????y ???e ????? a OVIII – ??? XIX ??a
A ???e ??e ????? a ???e ? ???? ???? ????e?i ????a ?????, a ???? ?e ????a
??????o ?????. A OVIII ?? ????? ??????? ??a ?y????ue ?????a, ????a ?????
??a, ?a??a ??? ????. I??a ??i ???? ?????y ??????i — ?????ay ????, ??i
?y??ay n ?????? e ????th?y ??? ????. I????? ?????? ???? y?a ??i ?iy??? a
????yo I?????? ???. A I????oth y?? ???atho e ??? ??????ua ?iy??e.
N????i ??? ???? ????? a ???e ?e A. ?????. Ii n ??i ???e ? O??? a 1746 ??
? ?e???eth I?? I e ??e a ???e ?ith ??th ??? ?e ?e ???e ???a ?????e ?y
?????. N?? ???, ?i ? ???, — y? ?????? ???o I?? I e ??oy ?????u A?u
Eia??? ?????. A???? ath? I?? ????? ?e y???? ?????a. I???y ???ay y??ey
???? a ?????i ???. N??y A?u ?? ?-????o y???a, ? ??e ?? ????o, ? ????o
?-???o: ??y?? ?????? ?? n io???ath?i ??i ??? ???u, ???y ??i ???ny ? ?aey
??? ?ay ???. ???e ??? ????????i ????i ????.
Ai ??? ???? XVIII ?? ????? ????o ???o ???a. ????th?y ?a ?? ? e ??u. ????
?????u ??atho e ??????? ?iy??e, e ???ou, e ???-???oth ????, ???tho ?ae
????? ??????? ??????o ?????. I??i ???i ?????i, ?????i ??a A. ?????, ?e
I. I??a. I??? i????? ????u 1778 ?aea a ????a E?????. A?ath??y ???? a
?????? e ????? ??e ???e ??i ???? a 1782 ?? ?iy??a I?? I, ?e ?c???e «I??e
????. A ???e ? A, ????? Y. O???a ??ye ???i ?e? ???? ? ????eth ??c I??,
???a ?i ??????i e ???????? ?????a. N???? ???e ??a??i-??????a ???? ????,
???oth e ???oth ?? ?i ????th?? ??a ??? ??. I?y?? ??????e-?? ???e ??????
??e ?y????e I??, ?????? ?y ???e «?? a A???. ???ay A???y ????a ????a ?
??o ?? ??? ?????o ???o ???o?? — O. O??, O. A???, I. E????e, O. U??i.
3. A????i ?????
???ny a ??a, ????ae??e e ??o i?????? ???i O????. O??ey ????? ??????
??y?e?e ????ey?.
I??? ?? ?oyi ??iy???o ??????, A????i ???e ???a ?????a, ??? ?????e y?e, a
???a ?e ?ae? ?y ????????i ???ey a ?? ? ?????? ??.
C?y?y ?????e ????ue ????e.
????? ??? ???, ???oth ?y ??????e ?????? ??u: ?e ?????i? ?????i e ??? a
????o ?????o e ???? a ???, ???? ??? ????? ???????i ??y, ??? ???e, ? ?e
?? th????o ??, ?a ????ue ?e ?????e ????oe-?????, ?? ??? ???????
??????ey, ?????y a ?????? ???a e ?????yo, ?? ?????.
A 1716 a. ??? a ???th ? ?????th I?? I. A??a n ?i ???e e ?i ?i O????,
???e ?????.
Ii ???a a ???th ????? ??e ???? ?e ?????, ???ay ???a a ????? A?????? ???a
e ????oy ???? a N???a. I?? I ???e ??eo, ??a ?ai ????? ????e e ???i a
N???a. I??i ??? o ?ai ?y??y ???? – AE.-A.E??i, ?????e ? ????ue
???e-?????a. I?? ????? e E???i ??o ?????? ???a ????y, ????? ??i a ???oth
???, a ????oa ?? ????? ?e ????i ? ??o a N???a.
A 1721 a. ?????i ?? ??? ? n??a e ?????u ?ay? ????? ?y A???i ???a a
I????, ?a ???? ????a ?? N???e ??u. I???i a y? ? ??y ????? ???? y??u ??
???o ????o ??? – I?o?a e A????, ???a ??????? ??n?? a ??a A???i ??????i
???a. I??i ??c ? ? ????? ???? a A??th. A ?i ? ?? ????? ??? 85 ??? ???e a
?? ???a a??a ?y ??oa?y ????o ?o?? A???i ??? a I????. O????a ? ??y A???
I?????? ??u, ?e ?? ????? a 1949 a. Ec ??? ?? ??oa ??oy «C??, ??a-?
?iy?ay a A??? ??.
A 1723 a. ????? ???o ????th ?o???o «A???? n ?????» ?y A???i ???a,
???y?oth ??? ? 1803 a.
N???? ? ?????i I.I?i a 1723 a. ????? ???o ?a ??? ?y ???e???? ??????a
????i ???a a I????. A ??e ? ?o ???????ue ?uay ????? ????ey, ??ay ????ey?
??e ?????oth ??? «I??i a ?????, ?????? ?e e ? ?????oth a ????.
I???i ??a ? ????? ??? ??????y ? ??o ?? ????a ????u ?y ??? I????? ???a.
Acya ? ??? ???? ?????a I.I???, ????? ??e ????? ??? ??????? ???a, ???
????, ?i ????, n ????? ????, ????e ?????, ???? ??e, ???? ? ????, e ???
??y??? ??e, ????ath?? ??y??y ??? ??.
I?? ??? I?? I ?y ????? ?/?ny ???e ???. I??a, a 1726 a. ? i????o ???? ?y
I????, ???ay ?????oth ??? «O??i, ???ath?e ??ue ???? ????» ?y I??????
???a a I??i ??a. E?? y?e ???? ???, ????th?e «N???», a ????eth a??? ???
????, ?????a ? ????o, ?????? ????? ????o. N????iay ??? «O??i, ???ath?e
??ue ???? ????» ?? ??? ? ???, e a 1875 a. a ?y? n ???e ?????e ? ??? ?
????. A??i ?y?e ?????u I?????e ??? ???? ??y. I ?????? ? ????? ? ??i ???
ii ??????ny ???o Ae.E???, ???????? ????? ???a n ?????e ?y i?i ??? ??? e
?????i ????? ????. A ?? A??? I?????? ??u ???u ????? ?????? ??o??e. N????
?????-?????? A.O.A??e a 1956 a. A???? ????oth ????eth ? i??a ???? XVIII
a.
A 1730-a ?. ????? ???o ?y I???? ?????? ??? – ?yae ??ue???o ??i (a ??iy?a
??y ? ??????y).
A 1735 a. ? ??? ????th ??? «N??i, ???ath?e ??ue ??», a ?????n?e ??a
?????oth ??? ???e ??e a I????e ??a, ?????ae 27 ethiy 1709 a. a ?? ?.
N???ey. A??a ???????ue ?y ??? ???? ???a I????, ??????? a ??a A???i ???a.
?a???e ????? N??? ????i, n ??ii, ???ath??y ? ???; ??? ?i ?e???ue ???
????a??? ???e, i?????e ?????ueth. N???ay ??? ???y? ??? ? ??a XVIII a. e
a 1800 a. ?e ??? ???????y ?? ???? ?????i ??????i I.E.E?????.
A 1735 a. ?y ???? ???? A???i ?? ????? ???? ????oth ?i???th: ????e ?a n
????? ??uey? e ?ae ?i ?????? ?????y ?? ???? e ??e ????a. A 1737 a. a
?????i ???? A???i ?? ?????atho ??? «I??i ? ?????, ?ae ???? ????? ???e,
???y n 1735 a. E?? I???, ??? ?eth?? ??? ????a, ??ue ??y?o a ???? ????,
??? ???o ???? e ????o, ?i?y??oth ??y ???? ?iy?.
A 1736-1737 ?. ????? ?????e ??? ????i ?????i ??a ???e «Ae?? n ????,
??iy?? ? 28 ???, a ????e ????? ?? A???i ?? – ???e «I????a e A??» ? 15
???.
A 1738 a. a ????, ????? ??ae ???i ??? a A??? ?ae, ?? ?????a ?????ay ???
«I??e e A????» – ?e??ey ?????ey E???o ??? ? ??? ???. O?? ? ?y A???i ???a
????? ???? «O????. E y?? ? ???e ??ny?y e ??? ????a ??? ??? ??, ?iy?? a
I??i ??a I????. A? ??? e ??? ?? ?????.
N???y ????? ?y I????, ????? ?iy?e ?ay ??? ????, ?ath?i ????i «????
?????? ????a a ????a ????a. E?ay?? ? ???u eth?e, ??a, ???? e ???????
???? ??o ??e ??ueth n ????i e????i – ???th?i ??????i ?? e ???e ?????. E
????th, ? ?? ? y?o ?????? ? ??i ? ??o ??.
4. O??? O??
???ny 28 ?y 1740 a. a ?i? ? ???? Ae???? ??a E?????? ???e A?????? ????.
A? ?? – E.A. O??e, ?????e (???????e) ???y?i, ? ???eth, ??? ???a I???
E????a. Ae???? e ??????? ?y? y?o ??e ?????th?y ?a ? ??? XVIII a., ?,
????, ??yo ??? ??y? ??i ???.
A I????a ?e n 1759 a. A 1761-1767 ?. ??ny a A???e ????a. I???? A???e
????a a I??a (1767-1770) e ??a (1770-1772), ?a ??? ????? ????? e y?oe
A????ey. A 1773 a. ???ny a I????. A 1774 a. ? ?????? ????? ath?a A???e?
II ???e ??? ????a. A?? ?????? ????a A.I.A???a, ???a I???, I.A.??y??a,
A.A.I????, I.A.E??i??, I?? I e ?.
I?a ? ????o ??o O??a – ??oy I??? (1802), ????ay n ??? ??i? ????e ?????
???? A???i ???a a I????. N??y ????? ????i ?y???i e ????????th.
«A?????y» – ?e ???e y? ???o ???a ??e. I??? ???? ?a-??? A??o ? ????th
C??, ??u ???? eth?e ? ????a ??i, ?o?? ?e ???i ?y ?o I???? o ??a. Aa??
???e I??? ? ??e e ??. A???a ???a ? ???? ????, A??n – ????? e ????th, A??
– i????? ????. C?n ??e ? ??ae ca ??a I???y e a ???? ????? ?? ?e ? ??ae,
a ???i ?? ??th?? ?a ?? eth??a. E????y eth?????, I??? ???a ??ae e ????a ?
?eth ?a ???ey, ????? ??? ?? ???o, ???y ???? a ???.
I????e ??? ???????? ??????? ????, O?? ??e ???ue ?a????e ??c ???? ???e
???u, ?i?i ?????e ??????ny ??ae ? ??ii ?????e ????. Ia y?i ????a ??e ?a
? ???ny ???ue ??ae ??a?? e ?ae.
Oo?i ????y 12 ?y 1805 a.
5. I??e E????e
???ny a I????a a ??a ???? ????a, ???e ??? a ???-????? ??o a A????i ????
??a.
A 1764-1773 ?. ??ny a A???e ????a. I???? A???e ????a a ??a (1774-1779) e
I??a (1779-1780).
A?u ?i ??ey ???e n ????i ?????y e ?????? ????ey e????? a ?????e
?????,?????a, ae???e.
N ??u 1800 a. a I???? ???? ???u ? ????eth ????? A???i ??a?, ???a ?????ue
?? e ?? 1806 a. E ?? ?? ????? ??? ???a ???a: O??, U??i, I???? e ?. ??ue
E????? ?? ???? ?????a: ????y ? ??? «N??i, ???ath?e ??ue ??» ???? ?????a
??i a ???i ???a A???i ???a. Y? ???i? e, ??o ??, ?e??a ?????a ??????
?????.
N???y ?????oth ???, E????e ??????ny ????e ?????, ????e ?a a ????? ??y.
A????e N??i, ???ath?e ??ue ??, ?????y?y ? ?y?i N????i, ???ai a XVIII a.
n??? ?????? ???e. A ?? ?????ey ?iy? y?? ?y??, 27 ethiy 1709 a., ?? ????
??? ?ae ???e ?ae I???e. A ????a ????? y?? N??i ?????ye ?????oth ???th, a
?a (???????e ?? O??e) – ?a????i Ea?a XII.
A???a y? ???u e ???? ??au ???e ?????, E????e, ? ???? ???? ?? ??????
??????. A ???a ? A.-E.?????, ? ????e N??? ?c ??a, ????? ?????, ?i ae?i
?o ?????ue ???ue ?????e ??????e ??yo ???.
E?????? ?????i ????e ? ???? «N???» e ???i ????a I???ae??. Ii a ???-????
????? ??? ??i ???? ????? ???e ?? ?a??e. A?????i ???? ? ??? y?y?ny ??i ?
?eth???o nth??? ???a ??????i ???? ????a. A ???a??e E????? ???atho ?????
?y? n ???i ???? ?????. I??? a i??a N??? – ???? a ?? – i????o ?????? ???e
e ??? ??o???i? ?i.
E????e ?e ????i ???i ???i ????? XVIII a. 18 ??y?y 1802 a. ? ???? ?? a
???? ?e e ???a. I?? ?i ????? ? ?nye, a ???? i???ny, ?? ????a ??? ??e
???ey.
6. O???e U??i
O?? U??i ???y a I????a a ??a ?????? ???a. I?oe ????e ?i a ???? 13 ?o a
??????? ???a ?e A???e ????a, ?a ?a ???ny ?i ???e ?? N?? U??i, ??????
????e ????o. O?? ??? ??e ???y ?????a o ????? I.-O.AE?? e ????ny ??e
?????e. A 1773-1775 ?. ?????ny a ??a, a a 1775-1785 ?. – a I??a. I??a
?????? ?????? ?????, ????i? ? ?????e a ???th, ??oy «A??a» (1792). A???
??? ???o, U??i ? ???e ??????? ??ey ??a ?c???ey ?-? ???u.
I????e a A???e ????a. N 1818 a. – ??? ?????. I??? ??????i-?????? e ????e
????.
A?u XIX a. ??e ??? ??????e a ??e ???a. U??i o???? a ????e ?????? ????,
E????i ?a?a, ??? A?? e A??????a.
N??e I???? ????u a ?eth???i U???i ??a ?????? ???-???? ?????, ??? ? ???a
?????i ?e????? ??? ???a. C?? ???a ??ae U???i ??? ??? ???ey ? ???iy????,
???? ?iy?? ?????ey, a ???, ???a ??? ?? ????i ??e a ?a ????th?e ???e
????. E ????? ???i ????y n y?e ???e ???e. Ii ??? ?y ??????? A???i ???a
??? «I??e» (1800), «I?? (1804) e ?a ??? «N??» (1805).
U??i ???o I??y (?? C?? e Ae??, ?????i ??? A???) a ??? ????a. I????e ??e
??? ??? ???. A ???, ????e ?? ? ??eo ?/, ?a ?????e ?ith ???, ??e – ??y???
???th ??? ?????e A???. U??i ??? ????eth ? ???o ?????ath??y ???eyo:
?????? ???, ?????i ???i ??i I??y, e ?????ey?? ?o, ?????? ??? ??,
«????th?? ?a. E? e ????a ??? U???, ?????a ?y I????, «I??y» ???? ?????ay
?????ue. A ?i ??i ????e ??? e ??ue ???i, ????? iy?? ??? ?? ?o ???e
?????e. E????, ?i ?? ??/a?oth ??? A??? ????? ????e ? ????ath?e ???e, a
?e ??? ???oth ???th ??? n ????i ??????, ??????e ???e ?? e ????i ?????
?????e ??e. N????o ??a ??ey, ?i ?? A??? e?? ????ia ???? n ??i ????i ??ey
E?? XII, ?e ?e ??c e ??? I??y a XVIII a. ?????y?? n I??i I e ?i ????.
«I??? – ?????ay ?????ay ??oy, ?th ???o ????ayny a ????? E?e??? a E?????i
???, ?? ?? y?????u ???? e y???? ? ?????o ???a-???.
AE??ay ???, ?????yth?y I?o, ?e e ??ay e ?e ???y ??? A???, ??????y
E.I.I????o, ???? ? ?????o ???? N??????i ??a. Y? ???ey? ? ??oth ?? a ??e
?i???e ???ey A???i ???a.
I?? «I??, ????e ?????i, ??e ? ????? e ????? ?y? ??????? ??? I???? ?e
E??? ??. I?? ?? ??ay ??????? ?e, ??ay ???y ???a, ?????ay U???i ????i
?????i, ?i ??e ? ???y? ???? a ??????e ??e ???. I??????ue oy????o ??,
????? ??i? ??? e ????? ??????, ???i ???? «I?? U??? ? ?????o ii ?????, ?
???? ??? i??o ?i ??????a, ????? ???? ???? n ????. Ai ??y A??? ??????e
??u ??oy ?? ???? ????e. A 1950 a.
«I?? ????? ?????i A.A.Y????.
A????i ???ue ????? e ?a a??u «N??», ??????eo ?????? ???o ???. ??????
???i ? ????e e ???? ???? A???i ??a, ?e ????ath?y n ?????? AE.Ae.????i
???? «Iay? n ????».
N?????i ? ???e I?u ???i ???a ???y ??????? e y????y. I?? ?? e ?????i
????? ?? ??i. O??u ?? a ??? ????, ?i a ????e n ????? ??? ??y?a ???o
?????a ?????ath??ny ? ???e ???ey. I???i ??????y ???a ??? ??i, ? ?????
??e ??ou, ????a ???a ????, ???th?a ???y?a ??e, – ?a y? ??i ????a ???
????e ?????? ???i U??? ????i ??e a ?????? ???? ????a e ???u.
A? ???, ?????a U???i ?y I????, ?? ??? a ???, a /?ue ??a ????? ????
I.A?th?i, ??i ?????i ????a E.I.A?th??a.
Ae?e U??? ??a ?? ?y?? n ?????. N? N???? ?? ????i ?????i, A??? – ??????.
Ae?ue A???? ??a ??e ????? A.E.Ae??-I?????i.
U??i ????y 19 y??y 1825 a. a ???oa 74 ?o e ?e ???? ? N????i e???a.
A?????e ?? ????? ?e ????? a ????ue A????i-I??? ??u.
7. E?i I??n
???ny ? O???, a ???? E?y *?????e ???ee, a ??a ?????i ????, ????? ???a. A
???? 10 ?o ?e ????i a I?a????th ???eth ????a. I?????? ??ny a ??? ???????
????? o E.????. C?? ?i ?????i ?iy?y I.O.AE??. A 1773-1779 ?. ????a?y a
??a. Y? ???i ???oth ?? a ?????? ????? ???????? ?????. A?? ??? ????e a
????yo I????a, a ?i ??a N.N.A????e, I.I.N????, A.N.E????, A.E.A???? e ?.
A??iye ?????? ??? ?y E?a??? ???. A?? ?iy??? I??o e I????o a I??a, Y.????
a I??a, A????o I a O????, I.A.E????o a A?????a e ae?. A 1779-1835 ?.
????? a A???e ????a, n 1814 a. ?e ? ????.
A 1799 a. A???y ????a ???eea a I???o ?y ???a ?????e ????e ????? A???i
???a ?????a I.E.E?????, O.A.A???a e I???, ???e ?e ?????a ?uy??? ??? ?
??i?ey. Aeey A???i ???a I??n ???? ??oth A???, ???y ??o ?iaiy?i a ?i
?????, ?oy ????ay ?????? ?i ???? y???? ?iy?e?ue e a y?i ??????. C????ue
???, ?y???i n ??i ??????? ???ii ???a, e ??i o ????e ????? ???e ????
????, ?a ???? i?ai ???ath?e ??e, ????e ??????ue ?????? ????? ?????. TH??
A??i ?????y ?? ????e ????e ???e A????, ?i ? ??a ???? ???e, ??? ?a.
??????y A???a ????? A??? a ??y, e ?i ???c?e ???. I??n ????? A???
??????ny ? ?? a ?o i??o, ??a ???e ??????, ?i ???u??y a ??y. Ii ????
?ey???ny, e?ay ?? ?i oy??y ? ??o e ???o ? ????, ? ? ??? ?a ?ya??ue ????a
??e. Aua ???i? – e ? ??? ?????i ????. A ???? ??? ?? ???oth?y ???y??? e
????th?e ??o; ?????? ?oei ???? ???th ??????. N?a ???iey I??? ?iy??? a
????? ???? ??i ??????e ????? oe?? ??u ??????? ???, a ???e ????? ??a.
N??? ??? ??? ??o??y n y???th ??y? e ??u, ???a ????i ??th?y ? ????? ??
????? ???a e ???ath??y ???? ???. A ??? XVIII a. ?o ? A??? ?e?? a ???e ??
??e: A??i – y? ????? ? ????y??? e ?????i ??? O??e E?e XII,??ath??y ????
? ??o ??? ?th???, ??o??o ??a I????e ??u ? ???o ???e. Ii ??? I??? ?? ???
??c?? ????u ???? ????, ?i???a ???e ????e ???. I?????a ? ??y A??? I??????
??u ???? ???u a 1949 a. ?? ???????. N??y 5 ?o ????? A.A??e ? ??????ny
???o ???? ????u e ????e ?a ????a ae?????a ???.
8. E?i I????
N? «????? ???a ii ?ith??? ???, ???y a I????a.
A 1771 a. ? ???????i ???a ?e A???e ????a ???e a ?????? ??n, ?????e
I.O.AE??. I??? ??? ????i ???? y?? ????, I??o?a ??? ???e ???????e ??ey? e
?e ???? ????o ??????o ???. A 1776 a. ?i ???? a ??n ????n?e ?????, ?a
????? O.A.A???. A 1779-1784 ?. I???? ?????ny ? O???. An?? ii ?????e a
???th ?i ???e a ????e ? ??oth «I??? (1785).
C?????y ??ue ? 400 ??o I????a ????ny ? ???????a ???: ??? ?y E????i ???,
???a a I???ea e A???, A???e ????a, I???? ?????.
I???? ?e ??i ? ???a ??????i ????a ?????? ????. Ii e???e ?y A???i ???a
??oth «A??, ??????oth ??? «A??? e ??? «O???».
I??a, ??????a, ???ath?a ???th ??o ???e «O???» ??atho ?i???th ??????i
???a. A ? ??? ?c? e y????e ??o ?????y ?????a ??? ???? e ???i ???? ??ea
????ue ??? ?????ue ??? ??? a ?????? ??.
A??? e ??a, ?e ?? ???ay ???a, ??? «A??a», ?aey?e o ??u ??a. Ii ?????
????? ?aey?ai e a ? ? ??y ?????i ??? a ????a ???e ???, a ??e i?a ????, n
????? e ????i ?i?y?? a ??.
I????? a ??u eth?e ???? «A??, – ???e, ??e ??? e ??????? ??c ????e nth?u.
A? ????, ??? ??yo ????? ???? ???? ????e, ??????? ??????th ???. A?e
«O???» ???eytho ??e ???? ???? ????e, a ??????i ???? ???ey, ? «A??,
?i??a, ????? ????? Ii ??? I????a ?? ??ou ????a ??, ??????a a 1801 a. ?
???? ????i ???a «E???i ????.
Ai ??y A??? I?????? ??u ????? «A??? e ??? «O???», ???? ? ???ue y???i??,
?? ??u?u ???i-?????e ??????.
A 1948-1950 ?. E.E????? ?e ????i «A???, I.Ae???? – «O???».
N?? ???? I????a ??? ??i ???e ??? ?????? ????, ????e «O??o I???». Ii ???y
a ??ee ??? ??????e ???.
I??? ???ue ?c ?????i ????c? ?????? ???th ?? ??? ???. «O??o I???» –
??y?ay ?eth???y e ?? ????th, ?i ?????ay ??? ? ???ey?ny ? ????o ???, ?
??? ?? ??i? ???? ?e ??i ??a e ????a.
I?????? ??? I???? ???e ??? a 1800 a., a ??? ???? ????? – ?? a 1819 a. e
??? ? ??e. N??a ??i ????? ? ??e ???? n ??????? ???e. I?????i n ??iy?e
o????e ???e ?o ?????ue ??ue ??i ???a ???????? ???a?. A 1821 a.
I????a ???? ???a ????a. Ai ??y ?iy?e a A???e n ?i ??e?y ??, ??ay ?? e ??
?? ????? ??????. I???y ? y?, ? i???? ????. A ????a ?? ??e I???? ? ?e ???
??o.
A???y ????a, ?e ? ?i ? ??, ????? ??? ??? ????a, a ????e ?e ????. E??i ?o
???? ?????e ??n ??? I.E. E?????. I???? ??iye ??????i ?????? ??? e ?????
??o a ???a.
Ni?? ?????
1. E??? A.A ???ay e ????????ay ????? 18 – ??? 20 ??
2. Ae???a Eth??a I??? ???e ??ue??u. O? 1. N????a XVIII-XIX
3. I?ey A???? “???ay ?????”
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