?inney a aeeaeiaa eoeueoo?
Eoeueoo?a ia aeaaony iai io i?e?iaeu. Iia – aeaaii?eia?aoaiiue niinia
aeayoaeueiinoe, iicaieythuee eciaieoue iao nioeeoi, iiaeiyoueny ia
iiaoth nooiaiue ?acaeoey, iaocaeaoue eee oneeeoue aicaeaenoaea neeu
i?e?iaeu, iioeiece?iaaoue nioeeaeueiua ioiioaiey, “i/aeiaa/eoue” naieo
naay.
Anee ?anniao?eaaoue eoeueoo?o a enoi?e/aneii aniaeoa e ioeaieaaoue
no?aiu e enoi?e/aneea yiioe ii o?iaith eoeueoo?iiai ?acaeoey, oi ia?ie
eoeueoo?iinoe ieacuaaaony noaiaiue i?eaeeaeaiiinoe ?aaeiiia e
aa?iiaeneie eoeueoo?a.
A o?aaeeoeeiiiuo, ia cao?aaeaaaiuo ei?aiiuie i?aia?aciaaieyie iauanoaao,
eoeueoo?a auaeyaeeo i?aeoe/anee ia iaiythuaeny. Oaea iieoi?a aaea a
enoi?e/aneie eeoa?aoo?a, a ioaeeoeenoeea, ianoaeaeaaony aii?in
acaeiiaeaenoaey ?onneie eoeueoo?u e ?onneiai iaioaeeoaoa n eoeueoo?aie
Caiaaea e Ainoiea.
Aniiiiei neaayiioeeia e caiaaeieeia. Ia?aoei aieiaiea ia aiaeiae/iua
nii?u naaiaeiy. A i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiee “Ainoiea” “Caiaaeo” aunooiatho ia
aaia?aoe/aneea ?aaeiiu, a aeaa i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo oeia: eoeueoo?iiai e
oeeaeeecaoeeiiiiai ?acaeoey.
«Caiaae» – yoi oeeaeeecaoeey, i?iieeiooay aieiaieai e oaaaeaieai e
/aeiaaeo, eae ee/iinoe, n/eoathuay aeaaa /aeiaaea aaaeiaeoae oeaeueth
iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey. Iia neiaeeeanue a Aa?iia XV-XVII aa. e
?ani?ino?aieeanue iicaeiaa ia Naaa?ioth Aia?eeo, Aano?aeeth, a n eiioea
i?ioeiai aaea – e ia ssiiieth.
Aeey caiaaeiiai oeia ?acaeoey oa?aeoa?ii aacoaea?aeiia no?aieaiea e
onei?ythueiny i?ia?anneaiui eciaiaieyi iauanoaa e naycaiiuo n iei iaoe,
iai?a?uaiia niaa?oainoaiaaiea nioeeaeueiuo naycae e ioiioaiee.
“Ainoie” – yoi o?aaeeoeeiiiua iauanoaa e eoeueoo?u, oa?aeoa?ecothueany
onoaiiaeie ia aaeaioaoeeth eiaeeaeaea e neiaeeaoaeny nioeeaeueiie
n?aaea, au?aaioeo eieeaeoeaenoneiai iaioaeeoaoa, a i?ioeaiaan
eiaeeaeaeoaeenoe/aneie aeiieiaioa ia Caiaaea.
*oi aea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ?onneay eoeueoo?a, ?onneia ie?iaini?eyoea, e
eaeiio oeio oeeaeeecaoeeiiiiai ?acaeoey oyaioaao ?inney? Neaayiioeeu
ooaa?aeaeaee, /oi ?inney eaeao niaa?oaiii naiiauoiui iooai; aa
eoeueoo?a, niciaiea e enoi?e/aneia iiaaaeaiea ia eiatho ie/aai iauaai ie
n caiaaeiui, ie n ainoi/iui aa?eaioaie.
Yoa eaeay iaoea au?aaeaiea a ciaiaieoii /aoaa?inoeoee O.Otho/aaa:
«Oiii ?inneth ia iiiyoue.
A?oeiii iauei ia ecia?eoue:
O iae iniaaiiay noaoue –
A ?inneth iiaeii oieueei aa?eoue».
Yoa eiioeaioeey aaniethoe?iaaea “?onneinoue”, a oi a?aiy, eae ia aeaea
?innee iaiaoiaeeii auei iiaea?iece?iaaoueny, iuoaoueny aeiaiaoue
?acaeoua aa?iiaeneea no?aiu.
Iaeiaei, ?inney i?aaeii/ea ainoi/iue iooue ?acaeoey. O?enoeainoai i?eoei
a ?inneth ia a aa?iiaeneii, a a ainoi/iii (aecaioeeneii) aa?eaioa. A
oa/aiea ei?ioeiai a?aiaie, ai a?aiaia Iao?a I, ?inney ia?aieiaea /anoe
caiaaeiie eoeueoo?u e oaoiieiaee.
Iaeiaei caeinoaiaaeenue ia yeaiaiou ?aoeeiiaeueiinoe, ia?aaeiaie iiuo a
yeiiiieea, a nenoaia ia?aciaaiey, a iieeoeea, a iacaoaeeeaua ?acaea/aiey
ia “aeo?iie” iio?aaeoaeueneee aeon.
Eae ?aaeoeey ia eaoaai?e/iinoue neaayiioeeuenoaa ?iaeeeanue
niaoeeoe/aneay eiioeaioeey aa?aceeneie eoeueoo?u. Aa?aceeoeu ia oioaee
niio?aoue ia ?inneth eae ia eoeueoo?ioth i?iaeioeeth Caiaaea.
Aceaoneia aicaeaenoaea aeoaiei aioei a oeaiue ?onneie iieeoe/aneie
eoeueoo?u, aieoaaoae a naay aeaniioe/aneoth i?aaiecaoeeth ainoaea?noaa,
oa?eciaoe/aneiai eeaea?a, no?aieaiea e yeniainee, onoaiiaeo ia
eieeaeoeaiinoue, niai?iinoue aianoi ia?aiyoey aoiaiecia, caiaaeiie
aeaiie?aoee e i?aainiciaiey.
Naaiaeiy iaae ?acaeouie no?aiaie Caiaaea iaaenea iianiinoue aaiaeaeecia,
aaaeouay e ?ac?ooaieth e aeaa?aaeaoeee ee/iinoe. Yoa i?iaeaia,
aaia?e?oaiay “o?aoueei ie?ii”, yanoaaiii i?i?eniauaaaony e a ?innee.
Iiaia iieeoe/aneia iuoeaiea e aaiaeaeecaoeey eoeueoo?u –
i?ioeannu-aioeiiaeu, aeeaiao?aeueii i?ioeaiiieiaeiua ii naiae
iai?aaeaiiinoe. “Iiaia iieeoe/aneia iuoeaiea”, i?iaicaeaoaiiia a aiaeu
ia?ano?ieee I.N.Ai?aa/aaui, auei i?ecaaii i?eaeaoue aieueoee aeeiaieci e
oeeaeeeciaaiiinoue ?inneeneei iaaeaeoia?iaeiui e iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiui
ioiioaieyi.
Aaiaeaeecaoeey eoeueoo?u e aeaaoiaiecaoeey ee/iinoe i?ienoiaeyo ca n/ao
iauaeoeaii neeaaeuaathueony nioeeaeueiuo oneiaee. A yoii iai?aaeaiee
aeaenoaoao i?iiaaaiaeenoneay iaoeia oioaeeoa?iuo ?aaeeiia.
Ia?ooaiea niioiioaiey “oeeaeeecaoeey – eoeueoo?a” a cia/eoaeueiie
noaiaie naycaii n auoiaeii ia aaainoeaio enoi?ee a eiioea XIX e,
iniaaiii, a OO aaea ?aaeeeaeueii iano?iaiiuo, ii iaaeinoaoi/ii
eoeueoo?iuo iann, ia i?eaueoeo e ie?iethaeaie, aoiaienoe/aneie yoeea, ia
ciaeiiuo n eeaa?aeueii-aeaiie?aoe/aneei iooai iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey
Caiaaea.
Iaauaaeue ?ino i?anooiiinoe a ?innee yaeyaony neaaenoaeai aaiaeaeecaoeee
eoeueoo?u. Iiae aeaenoaeai ieeeeiiia, iieo/eaoeo “ainieoaiea” a
?ai?anneaiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo, ?inneeneay eoeueoo?a ana aieaa noaiiaeony
e?eieiaeueiie, i?ienoiaeeo niaoaiea eaaa?iie e iau/iie cii aeecie. Naii
iaoa iuoeaiea noaiiaeony oaieiaiui, a ycue – “aeaoiui”.
Iaeaioia i?aceaeaioneeo auai?ia ia Oe?aeia a ia/aoe auei iioaeeeiaaii
ienueii a?oiiu oe?aeineeo ienaoaeae, aaea aiai?eeinue, /oi ?onneee ycue
– yoi “ycue iiinu e aeaoiyea”. A niciaiee ia?aciaaiiiai oe?aeioea
neiaini/aoaiea “?onneee ycue” annioeee?oaony ni neiaa/eaie i?anooiiiai
ie?a, a /a?ac iaai – n iaiaaenoiie iinoniaaoneie nenoaiie.
A?yae ee ?inneyia i?aaenoaaeytho naaa, aei eaeie noaaeee ?aceiaeaiey
aeioae naaiaeiy ?onneee oaieiaiue ycue, eiei iieeoe/aneay yeeoa (ca
?aaeeeie eneeth/aieyie) aeaaeaao a niaa?oainoaa. Neiaa?iue caian iiiaeo
iuiaoieo /eiiaieeia ia i?aauoaao 500 neia, i?e/ai iieiaeia ec ieo –
ai?ianeay oaiy, a?ai e iao.
Iiiaeo ?inneyi ioaaouaaao iiaeeeiiue oaean, /oanoai iaaeaeaathuaainy
i?oyeeianeiai i?aea. Iie ia aeaeatho iiaoi?aiey 37-ai aiaea, eiaaea
o?aaiaaeinue eaeoe ia ooaea, eoaea oi/aoue, a eoaea aiae no?iai eiiaie
ii ie?eeo iueyiiai ia/aeuenoaa.
Iaeioi?ua eaiaeeaeaou a aeaiooaou, iieeoe/aneea e iauanoaaiiua aeayoaee
oioae?ythony iai?enoieii au?aaeaoueny ai a?aiy ano?a/ n ecae?aoaeyie, ia
i?ann-eiioa?aioeeyo (/eoay ca?aiaa caaioiaeaiiue oaeno) e o.ae.
Auaoee oe?aeineee i?aiuea?-ieieno? ssioeiae/ ienae naith aeieaeiinoue a
aieaoa n aeaoiy ioeaeaie e niae?aeny a neo/aa eca?aiey i?aceaeaioii
“naeaeaoue ycue iiinu e aeaoiyea aoi?ui ainoaea?noaaiiui”.
Ii ?onneea ienaoaee, eioaeeaeooaeu, ?aaeenna?u, aeoa?u aoaeoi au anaai
yoiai ia neuoao. Iaoaeaee oaineea aue?eee ?inneeneie aano?ieueiie iiinu
aea aua neo/iua ee/eee “Oaa?eee caacae”, aaeaaeiaaii iaeueeathuea ia
ye?aiao oaeaaeci?ia, aoaeoo e ai?aaeue aanoe ?inneeneee ia?iae e iieiie
ii?aeueiie aeaa?aaeaoeee?
No?aoia iieoeoeueoo?iay ianna, caoeeeeaiiay, a eo/oai neo/aa, ia
oaoie/aneie oceiniaoeeaeece?iaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, ii ia inaieaoay
iiiaiaaeiauo ieanoia ii?aeueiuo e ooaeiaeanoaaiii-ynoaoe/aneeo
o?aaeeoeee.
Eae caiaoee iaeiaaeaeu A.Oaa?aeianeee, no?aoai ia oio, eoi ca anth
aeeciue ia i?i/eoae ie iaeiie eieae, a oio, eoi i?i/eoae eeoue iaeio
eieao. Ia/eiay n aioe/iinoe neiaeeeinue /aoeia i?aaenoaaeaiea i o?ao
eeeao eoeueoo?u: Enoeia, Aeia?a e E?anioa, ia?acothueo o?eaaeeinoai e
iaoneiaeeaathueo ae?oa ae?oaa. Iiaeeeiiay eoeueoo?a i?ecaaia neoaeeoue
aeia?o.
Naiie aicauoaiiie noa?ie aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea yaeyaony
aeooiaiay noa?a. A iae ?iaeaeaaony oi, /oi ioee/aao /aeiaaea io ae?oaeo
aeeauo nouanoa – aeoo, aeooiaiinoue. Ethaee e iauanoai ioaeaeathony a
nicaeaiee e inaiaiee aeooiaiuo oeaiiinoae, a i?aanoaaiiii
niaa?oainoaiaaiee, oaeiaeaoai?aiee /oanoaa i?ae?aniiai, iiciaiee
ie?oaeathuaai ie?a.
Eiaeeaeaeu ?acei ioee/athony ae?oa io ae?oaa ii iauaio naiaai neiaa?iiai
caiana n aiieeooaeie eieaaaiey io Oaenie?a (12 000 neia) aei
eaeie-ieaoaeue Yeei/ee ethaeiaaeee, iaoiaeyuaeny… 30 neiaaie.
Ii aaaeue ca neiaa?iui caianii, aai eiee/anoaaiiie e ea/anoaaiiie
noi?iiie, noiyo ii?aaeaeaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee eiaeeaaea – aai
iauaia?aciaaoaeueiue e eoeueoo?iue o?iaaiue, i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue e oie eee
eiie nioeeaeueiie a?oiia, niaoeeoeea iee?in?aaeu, a eioi?ie ii
noi?ie?iaaeny.
*ai auoa ia?aciaaoaeueiue o?iaaiue /aeiaaea, oai oe?a aai eioa?anu.
Ethaia ciaiea ii ?anniao?eaaao eae aeaai, ioeeaaeuaay aai i?i caian. Ii
iaoeiio n?aaiaieth Y.A.Eeueaieiaa “/aeiaae, ecuyoue ec iauanoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee, iuneeo oae aea iaei, eae e iica, ecuyoue ec /aeiaa/aneiai
oaea”. (Ni.: Eeueaieia Y.A. Aeeaeaeoe/aneay eiaeea. – I., 1984. – N.
165).
Eaeiau aioo?aiiea caeiiu ?acaeoey iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey? I?aaeaea anaai
– ionoonoaea “aeanoeie nayce” iaaeaeo iauanoaaiiui auoeai e iauanoaaiiui
niciaieai (aii?aee ooaa?aeaeaieth Ia?ena). Caeii ionoonoaey “aeanoeie
nayce” iaia?oaeeaaaony a niiniaiinoe iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey iia?aaeaoue
iauanoaaiiia auoea.
A oioaeeoa?iuo iauanoaao “iiae eaaeoeii” iieeoe/aneie oeaico?u e
iieeoe/aneie i?aeoeee iaoiaeyony ana einoeooou. Ec niciaiey
aua?anuaathony iaua/aeiaa/aneea ii?aeueiua oeaiiinoe, i?aanoaaiiui
iauyaeyaony eeoue oi, /oi neoaeeo aeinoeaeaieth iinoaaeaiiuo aeanoueth
oeaeae. Aeoea?, iai?eia?, ioaee/ii i?iaicaeanee “inaiaiaeaeaiea” iaioeaa
io oaeie, ii aai iiaieth, oeia?u. eae niaanoue.
A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe iauanoaaiiia auoea ?aaeecoao naay e ooieoeeiie?oao
iin?aaenoaii niciaiey. Yoi i?aaie/aneay nenoaiiay caaeneiinoue, eae
ienae I.E.Iaia?aeaoaeee. (Iaia?aeaoaeee I.E. Eae y iiieiath oeeinioeth.
– I., – 1990. – N. 298).
A eaaeaeii ia?iaea eiathony /a?ou, naycaiiua n enoi?e/aneeie
iniaaiiinoyie, iaoeeiiaeueiuie o?aaeeoeey, eoeueoo?iui o?iaiai ia?iaea.
Ia neo/aeii iu aiai?ei ia aia?eeaineie aeaeiaeoinoe, iaiaoeeie
ioieooaeueiinoe, ?inneeneie iaiaycaoaeueiinoe e o.ae.
Iauanoaaiiay ineoieiaey oi?ie?oaony noeoeeii, iaiin?aaenoaaiii iiae
aicaeaenoaeai eaeaieiaee, aunooiathuae eae i?iaeoeo “iniai
oiieiiii/aiiuo” i?aaenoaaeoaeae i?aayuaai eeanna, – aai eaeaieiaia.
A iineaaeiaa a?aiy a eeoa?aoo?a e NIE iieo/eei i?aaa a?aaeaeainoaa
iiiyoea “iaioaeeoao”, ii?aaeaeaiea eioi?iai a yioeeeeiiaaee/aneeo e
o/aaiuo ecaeaieyo aanueia i?eaeeceoaeueiia. Iaoa?eaeu, a eioi?uo
iaoiaeyo io?aaeaiea iauaeoeaiua oaeoi?u iauanoaaiiie ineoeee, a
cia/eoaeueiie ia?a iieeoece?iaaiu, i?iieoaiu eaeaieiaeae.
?inneeneiio oaeac?eoaeth i?aaenoaaeythony oieueei “ieaeiea” yoaaee
iauanoaaiiie ineoieiaee. Eiaiii a oaeii iaoiaeieiae/aneii eeth/a ?aoae
i?iaeaio eaeaeii-ineoieiae/aneiai aicaeaenoaey ia iannu
ia?eneci-eaieieci, aeeaaeuaay a niciaiea ia?iaea /a?ou ?onneiai
eiiioiecia, iaueiiia niciaiea, no?aieaiea e anaeaineie niai?iinoe,
acaeyaeu oie nioeeaeueiie a?oiiu, e eioi?ie eiaeeaeae i?eiaaeeaaeeo (e
eeanno, iaoeee, nioeeaeueiie e i?ioanneiiaeueiie a?oiia e o.ae.).
Auaeathueeny ioa/anoaaiiue enoi?ee A.A.Oa?ea ienae:
“A?yae ee /oi iiaeao auoue o?oaeiaa aeey enoi?eea ecaanoiiai eaeaeiiai
aeaeaeaiey, /ai ?acuneeaaiea ia/aea yoiai aeaeaeaiey. Eae ca?iaeeeanue
iuneue a eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii niciaiee, eae iia naay iiiyea, eae ia?aoea e
ae?oaei ethaeyi, e ia?aui iaioeoai, eae iinoaiaiii aeaeieciaiyeanue…”.
(Oa?ea A.A. Aeaei Aaaaoa. – I., 1981. – N. 29).
Eae au iu ia noa?aeenue naaiaeiy iiaeiyoue iiauoa ieaieo ee/iuo naiaiae,
aa iaecaaaeii oyiao aiec iaaeinoaoi/iay eoeueoo?a iaoaai iauanoaa. *oi
ni?aaaaeeeai n oi/ee c?aiey th?eaee/aneie, iiaeao auaeyaeaoue
iani?aaaaeeeaui a ieaia ii?aeueiii. Anoue iiiyoey, eioi?ua ionoonoaotho
a i?aaa, ii /?acau/aeii aaaeiu aeey i?aanoaaiiiai niciaiey.
E oaeei iiiyoeyi ioiinyony: “ieeina?aeea”, “ene?aiiinoue”,
“ae?oaeaethaea”, “ne?iiiinoue”, “naiiioaa?aeaiiinoue”, “eeoeaia?ea”,
“iiaeeinoue”, “oaiaeie/anoai” – ea/anoaa, ionoonoaea eee iaee/ea eioi?uo
ia iiaeeaaeeo oaieiaiiio e aaeieieno?aoeaiiio i?aneaaeiaaieth. Aeanoe
no?aiyony iiaa?iooue iauanoai e oioaeeoa?iiio ?aaeeio, i?aiaa?aaay
oeeaeeeciaaiiuie i?aaiauie ii?iaie.
I.A.Aa?aeyaa n ai?a/ueth ienae: “Iienoeia o?aae/ii iieiaeaiea oeeinioa a
?innee. Aai ii/oe ieeoi ia ethaeo. Ia i?ioyaeaiee anae enoi?ee eoeueoo?u
iaia?oaeeaaaony a?aaeaea e oeeinioee. Oeeinioey anoue naiay iacaueuaiiay
noi?iia eoeueoo?u”. (Aa?aeyaa I. A. Iiuo oeeinioee iaeeii/anoaa e
iauaiey // Ie? oeeinioee. – I., 1991. – *. 1. – N. 111).
Oeeinioeth, eae ioia/ae Y. A. Eeueaieia, ?iaeaeaao ia aanno?anoiia
ethaiiuonoai a /anu aeinoaa, a ino?ay e ianoiyoaeueiay iio?aaiinoue
?aoeeiiaeueii ?acia?aoueny a ino?aeoeo i?iaeaiao, anoaaoeo ia?aae
iauanoaii. Any iia a aeeniooa, a no?anoiii iieaie/aneii aeeaeiaa n
nenoaiie acaeyaeia ia ie? e aeeciue. (Eeueaieia Y.A. Iauanoaaiiia
niciaiea e aai oi?iu. – I., 1986. – N. 329).
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