E????ay ??? ? ?e????? ? ??:
I?????? ?e ?????a a ?????i ????a
Ie?
1.N???ue ???????
2. I? I???i – ????? ?i?????a e ?i ??? «N??»
3.I??? i??????a a ????o?, ???? e ?????
4.N??e ?????
1. N???ue ???????
I?????? – ?? ? ?i?o ??????? ?????? ????a. N??i e 1917 ?? ??????i ?????
I. I????i e ?. ?????e ????? a ?????a “N??”. Aeey ??????? ??e??i, ? ???
?i ?????, ????? e “??????e ????”, ?????ny a n??i ??????? ????eyo ???o
?y????? ???, ??i ?????? ?????ey??e ??y? ???i ??a e ???i?o a ????a ??a
????i ???a (n ?????i ??? e ??? ??a).
Neo-plasticisme (Nouvelle plasti- que) Y?o ??? ?y??y a A??i?e a XX ??.
I? I???i ????e ? ?? ?????? ????e ?????a a ???o e ????? ???e e ???? “N??”
(“De Sti- ji”) ?????e a E??? a 1917.
A??? ??? ??????? ?? ???a ??????a ??????o ???a. Aeey ????ey ??u ??????i
????o ?? ??????? e ?????? ??e. I????? ??e ?ae ?y?i ??i – ??? ?e??. I??
1920 e ?? ????y ??? ???e ??ay ??e e ?????y ????ue ?????? ??a ???i ??i e
??? o.a. ??y ???e ????e ???e e ei??i ??i ???? ??? ??e e ???.
N ???th y?e ????e ??????i ?????e ??e ? ??e ??? ????? ??u ????? ??????a e
???ue ??i ???i ??th ???o ??. O??e ??????? e ?i ?? ?? ???????u a ???a
“N??”.
A 1920 I???i ???? ??th? “I??????” ???oth a I??a ???? Y?? ???i . I????
????? ??? ????a ?? ???u a ??o e ?????? a 1925 ??????i A???a ?ae ????i
Neue Gestaltung . E???eth ??- ??th??y ?ae ?y?i ??i ??e ??y? ????e ???
“N??”.
I? ? ?ey?? I???i ????ny ca ??????a ??? ???? ???. E?????e ??ae ??????? a
???? ?y?i n ?????i I???? a ???e ? ???? – n ???????? ?ey?y ??? “N??”.
2. I? I???i – ????? ??????? e ?i ??? «N??»
I?i ? ???o ???ia ??????? ????a, ????? ??u ???????, ??????e ???? I? I??e?
(1872—1944) ??e ?? ??/??e ?? a ??? A??????? ???? ????a a A????a. ???a ?i
??? ????u a ??? ??? ?????o ???? («E?i? ???, 1888 a.). Ii ?????ue ????
?ae??? ???? ? ??????a nth??, a ?e ????? ???? i???. A ????, a ??o ????i
??? A???ey — ? aeth?, ???y, ??y?a ???oeu — ????o ????i-?y???? («A?? ia
??? A??», 1906 a.). I?i ? ??? ???? ????? I???? ???e, ?i ?i ???e
«??????tho ??, o??tho ? ??o ? ????o ????.
A 1911 a, a A????a I???i ??ye ???a a I?????? ???? ?????o ?????, ?a ??
????e?u ??a ??????a ?????ey I?? Ie??i, A?? Ae??a, AE?? A??. I??????ue n
???ie ????, I???i e ?i ??e y????????ue n ???e, ??u?ue ?. Ii-???o ???y
????e ????a?o ????a, ? ????y ?????y ??e???, ?????e y??? («I??ae.
Ae??uey», 1911 — 1912 ?.).
I????i ? ?i ??o ??c ae?a ??e ? ???oth ???. E????e ??e «I?? (1914 a.) ?
?? ??e ?a ?????. A????ey ? ??? ??a ? ???th??y ?????e ??y o???e ???e
?????? ??????? e ?????? ???a, ??? ??????i ????th?ony.
A 1917 a. I???i ??? n ??????, ?????i e ????? Oai ?i Ae???? (1883—1931)
?? ??i ? ?????e ??? «N??» — ?????y ??ae??a e ??????. A ?? ??e ??a ?????u
I?? A?, A??o ????, ????? A?? A?????i e ??? ?n??. Oe?ueth ??? «N??» ??
???? o?i, ????o ? ??i ????? e ??c????. A????? ????? ? ????e ???e ??ey e
???? ? ????? a???ay??? ???a. N?????a ????? A????eii — y? ????th??y
?y????? ??u. N?e ??????a ??y? «N??» ????y ??????? e ? ??? ???e ????a,
????y ??a e ?th? ????ue ??y?o, ???? e y???.
A ??? ? ??? ae???, ????? ? ??e ???, Ii??? ?????e ?ith ??ueth «I?????? a
????» — ?e ?y??y ??? «???????. A y?e e a ??? ??????o ???o (????, a ??a
«E???? e ??ue. I?? ????i — ??y ???, 1931 a.) ??? ????? ????e, ?i ??iieth
?? ??i ???? ??? ?y?????e ?????? ????ey?.
A ?e ????? y?? ???? ????? ??? ???a ????e I???i ??th?e a ???th ??oth ??o,
???y? y?i ?????y ?y?y, ???ey ??a («E????y ????, ae???i, ??? e ????, 1921
a.). A 30-o ?. ???ee ???? ?e ???? ??oth ??th, ??iy? e ??a ??? ?????. I?
y?i a ???a ? «y??» ??o ? ??????y ??y, a ?? ??i ??? («E????y n ???, 1937
a.). Ii ??eth I?ae??a, «?? ??? ?? ???? ? ????????, ? ??? y??e, ? ???
???? ?? ????eth?e ???. N?e? ???? «????? ??? ???e e ???? ?????e ????? a
I??a, ?aea ???? a 1919 a.
I???y ? ???? ??e? e ???????i ???i e ?a?y?? ???a ????a a ????o, ???? e
??????th ?o ???ey? ?????a ?oth??? n ???e. E?ue ??oy ?ny? ?o ????? I???ia
??e ???? ??n, ? ??????i a?? ???e ?o ???ue ???ue ?? ????i ? ???, a A???.
C?? Ii???a ???? ??i ????? ?????i. A 1942 a. n ???i ??? ?i ??ay a ??e
?????ay ????. A NOA ???? ???e ?ae ???? ????ey?: «Iueth-E?e-??» (1941 —
1942 ?.), «A??? ??-?a? (1942 a.), «I??a ??-??» (1943 a.). O??ue ??e, ?e
? ???yy? ????i ?i ??? ??a e ??-??, ??y?y ????? ???? ??????, ??ay ??a ??a
??y????e.
E???? I???? ? ??? ??ey? ? ??a??oth ????, ?????o e ???.
3. I?????ci a ?????a e ????
ss??n E???n I?? I? (9 ???y 1890, I???? — 5 ??ey 1963, A????) — ??????e
????? e ???? ?o????, ?? ? ???o ??????? ??????? a ?????a.
O??y ? ??????o o????? ??????a a Ae??? e A???a? o I??? A??? E???a e o
O??? O??a a Ith??a. A 1914 ?? ??????ny a E???, ?a ????ny n O? a?
Ae????i.
A 1917—1921 ?? ss??n I? ?ai ??? «N??»(De Stijl), c?????o n ?i Ae??o?? n
?i ??????? ???a «De Stijl», ???oy a ?i ??? ? ?????e a?????(a 1917-1920
??o).
N 1918 ? 1933 ?ae ???? ????ue ????? ?????a ?????a. E???u ???????? I?? a
y?i ??? ??? e ? ?????? ???? ?o ????i?oth ?????ue e ???e ??i ? ??u?
?????? o. i. «????????? ??y».
A 1954 ?? ss. E. I. I?o ??????y ??? ????i ???a ?????u ?e O??/??i ??????
a Ae???.
C????a ???ey ss??? I?a:
?????, ???e «O? ?i A???» 1924-27
?????, ???? «Aea O?? 1925
?????, ???e «E??? 1929
A????, I???o ? ?????e ???e ??? Ae?, 1949
O???o, ???e «A????» 1927
A??, ??? E????a, 1956-63
O? A? Ae??? (1883 – 1931)
C????e ?????e ????, ?????, ???? e ???? ???????. I??y?a ?y E???i Y?? I?ey
E??? (Christian Emil Marie Kupper). ???ny 30 ???a 1883 ?? a O???. I?y?e
?ay ?e ????-????e e ???-??n???ae. E? ?yo ???? ?ae ?????i E. E. A??o, ?e
???o – ?ae ?????i A?? E??e. I?? 1913 ???????y ????? ????? ??? ???? e
?????u. N??ia ?????a ? A? Ae???a ???e ??? ????a I?a I????, ??? n ???i a
1917 ?? ? ??? ??? e ??? “N??” (“De Stijl”), ?????e n ?ay? e ?????ey?
???? ?????ai ?????i ?????y. A ??a ????? ??i? ???? ??? “N??” – ????a
????? ??????? ???, ?c???? ? ?????e ????e, ???e ???e, ???a ???eytho ???
???a. E?oe??y “N?ey” ?? ???? ?????a e ???a A? Ae???? a ??????? ??ueyo e
??eyo, a ??????? ??? y?? ????a ??e ???a ????? a ?????a 20 ??. *?? ???
“N??” ???? ???iy??? a ????o ???o ??, ????a ? ?o ? ?? ?? ???u ??o ??e.
A?o ? ???iy? ????? n Ae?a??i e ?? a ??eth y??????. Ae??? y?y?y ???i
??????i ??? N??”, ??????i ????e e ????? ??????, ???e ??????oth e
??ue???th ?????o a ????? ????? aa ???y?th. ??????a ?????a a??u “N??”
????ey? ????th ??e?? y???i y??????? ??????e ??u A????a. A 1926—1928 ??o
?i Ae??? ????i n O??i A?? e N??e O?a?-A? ???e ?ae ?????? e ?????i ???i
????a, ????? e ???aa «E’I??» a N????a, a ???i ???? ??eth?i ?a ????e,
n??y ???i ???????. I????? ???ee ??ue ???? ????ueth ?e ?y????? ???e
?????i ???? (????? ?e??o, ????o ??? – ???e, ???, ?i?, e ???????o – ??e,
???, ??e). Ii ????e ?i Ae??? ?e ??????, ???? ? ??ny ???iy???.
E??? O? ?i Ae???a “A??????y ????ey”. I???a ???ey e ?????u ????y ???e
?????? ??? ???o? ? ??i ??. A ???????? ???? ?????e ???e ??????? ??? –
???u ???i ???? e ???y?y ??o ?? ??u ???? ????e ?????i ????. O???e ???
?????th a ??e ?????? ???? ?????aa. E?????? ???a, ??????? ? ??? ??, ????
?i ????? oy???th e ?????a. N???ny O? ?i Ae??? 7 ??a 1931 ?? a Ae??a.
N??ue Ae???a ?????? ??oe ??? “N??”. I???y ? ????????ue ??????y a??? e
???????i ??????th ? ????eth, ????? ?????a ? ?o ?? ????? ?ey? ? ???th
?????o e ???? a ?e ?????? ?n?. E???? ??????, ????? ? ??? ? ?????? ????e
???u e ????? ???? ????y, ??? a ?????? ?y? n ??????, ???a ???e e ????e O?
?i Ae???, ??th?y ???, ??iy???? e ???y.
A?o ?i ?? E?
A????? ????. I?i ? ?????e ???ey
????? ?????a ????a-?????, ????y e ???? ? ??o. I?i ????? ??? ???????e
????y?, ?i ??? ???u, ??????oth?a ? ???a??i ???e, ???th?y 1912-1913; y?
?????a ???? ?????, ????? ? ??? e ????? a ????i ??? (I???oe ???a, I???,
??e E???-Ith??). Y? ??u ??atho nth?? – ?a ??ue ??????? – ??????? ????.
I? ?ey?? ????????i ????a (???a a ??o, 1916), ?i ?? E? ???? e ?a ????
????? a A?a, a ???e ???th?y ????e ????, ???, ???i e ???i ???; ??u ??ue
?????u, ????ey ???? ? ?????e e ????e, a nth?o ??a ????i ????i ?????. Y?
??? ???o I???i, n ???i ???? ?????ny a 1916. A?y?a I???? ???i a ???? O??
(1916, A??, Io?????e ??e), a ???i ?????o ??? nth?o e ???? ?????? y?e; ?
??? ?? ???o ??? e ??i – ?????e ??e ?n???? e???, ??a e ???, ???????,
?????? e ?????? ???, ??ath?a ??u. A 1917 a E????eyo A?? n ???, I???, ??e
E???-Ith?? ???? y???u ????u a ??y?e e ??????u: ? ??i ?? 73 ??u ??a??e
???, ???a, ???a, ??? ?e ???, ????u a ?y?????a ? ???i. A y?i ? ?? ?i ??
E? ????o a ????e ???a N?? e, a ????e, ????o ??ueth a ??? ?i ???. Ii a
1918 ? ???o ? ???ey, ? ?i ? ??a ???y? ?? ???. E????y (1918-1920, A????,
A?. ??e) ???o ??? ? ??? ??????? ???: ???o ????a e ???o ??????a.
I?? 1920 ???? ?????ny e ?????? ????, ? ?i nth?? ?-???? ????? ia y??
y?????o ??????? ???.
Ii ?? ???? e ??o ?????e a ?????a a A????, ?a ? ??? ????i ?????? ????? –
?a?? ???? e ?????? ?????i ????a.
A ??a ??e a ??i??o ???? ? ??????y e ??????? ????, ??? a y?i ???i ?? ?yae
????, ???????o ?????. E?? ?a? ????? ?i ?? E?a ?a????i a ??a E???-Ith?? a
I???.
AE?ae A????? (?ae. 6 ?oy?y 1886 a. A???? — ?. 24 ?y?y 1965 a. I??) —
?????e ????, ????? e ?????.
AE.A????? ????y ??i ? ????? ??????? ?????e ???? a A?i?.
AE.A????? ??ny ???? a E????? ???? ?y?? ???? a A?th??a e a A????a. A ???
n 1910 ? 1917 a? ????a ????? ?????? ????i. A????? ????ny e ??????e ???ne
a 1917 ?? e y?y?ny — ????i n ?????e I?? I????i, O? ?i Ae????i, A??i ?i
?? E??i e ???e — ?????i ?????i?e ??? N??. I??? AE.A????? ??o ??e ? ??? e
?ae I????i «N?ey».
A ???a ? ??o ???, ?????a??y ???o ??? a ????? ????? — ?e, I.I???i ????e
??? ??c????a e ?????? ??e ???a, a O.a? Ae???a ???? ?? ???? e ?i ?? e
?????? — AE.A????? ??? ??e ? y?o ??e e ???c?? a ??e ???? ????a ??????ea
??u — ??e, ??u, ????a ??e e ???. I? y?i ? ?????, ??a ???? ???, au? e ??a
????a. A ?y? n y?i ? ????? ??ey?ny ? ?????e ??e ????? ??? «N??» e ???o ?
?? ?????? a 1921 ??.
I?? y??, ???y ????a ??y a I???, a 1928 ?? ???? ????o a I??. C?? ? a 1931
a?o, ????i n O.?i Ae????i, I??i A?i, Iath?? Y??? e A???i I????, ?????
??????oth ??? Abstraction-Creation (E????y ????ey).
4. N??e ?????
1. I. A???? I??????
2.I??ay ???? e ????i. I??????
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