Ieienoa?noai eoeueoo?u Iaicaineie iaeanoue
AIO NII «Iaicaineiai o/eeeua eoeueoo?u e eneonnoa»
Eiienney «Aeaei?aoeaii e i?eeeaaeiiai ioaeaeaiey»
?aoa?ao ia oaio:
«Eiciieaoaiea e aaeo?iay ?acueaa ii aea?aao»
Auiieieea: nooaeaioea 4a eo?na
?oeiaiaeeoaeue: Naeeaa?noia A.I.
Iaica
2007
Niaea?aeaiea
1. Enoi?ey eiciieaoaiey e ?acueau ii aea?aao
1.1 Nae?aou ianoa?noaa a eiciieaoaiee
1.2 Enoi?e/aneea iniaaiiinoe aaeo?iie ?acueau
2. Oaoieea e oaoiieiaey ieaoaiey ec eicu e ?acueau
2.1 Caaioiaea eaiauo i?ooueaa
2.2 Aeaeu e ni?oa eau
2.3 Eino?oiaiou e i?eniiniaeaiey aeey ieaoaiey
2.4 Aeaeu ieaoaiey ec eicu
2.5 Ia?aaioea ieaoaiuo ecaeaeee
2.6 Eino?oiaiou e i?eniiniaeaiey aeey ?acueau ii aea?aao
2.7 Oaoieea aaeo?iie ?acau
2.8 Aeaeu ae?aaaniuo ii?iae
Nienie eniieuecoaiie eeoa?aoo?u
1 Enoi?ey eiciieaoaiey e ?acueau ii aea?aao
1.1 Nae?aou ianoa?noaa eiciieaoaiey
Eneonnoai ieaoaiey ec eicu naieie ei?iyie ooiaeeo a aeoaeio aaeia. Oaea
a eaiaiiii aaea nouanoaiaae niinia iaaeeaa aeeiyiuo ecaeaeee: nia/aea
aeaeaee ieaoaioth ec aaoi/ae aieinoue, a caoai ecioo?e iaiacuaaee aa
aeeiie. Aaoi/ee iaai?aee ia eino?a, a ia iiaa?oiinoe ninoaea inoaaaeny
?enoiie ieaoaiey. Ethaee oiaee ieanoe aa?oe e neeee, oaoiieiaey ieaoaiey
eniieueciaaeanue aeey aicaaaeaiey noai aeeeeu. Ieaoaiea ec eicu yaeyaony
i?aaeoanoaaiieeii oea/anoaa. Ia?aua oeeiiaee e iaeaaeaea, nieaoaiey ec
o?aa, -i?iia?ac nia?aiaiiuo oeaiae. Iinoaiaiii iaoa?eae aeey ieaoaiey
eciaieeny, iiyaeeenue aeiiieieoaeueiua i?eniiniaeaiey, ii i?eioeei
«iniiaa ooie» a oea/anoaa inoaeny.
Ai ana a?aiaia, o anao ia?iaeia auee iiioey?iu ecaeaeey, nicaeaiiua
ianoa?aie, aeaaeathueie oaoieeie eiciieaoaiey. Ei aoi?ie iieiaeia 19
aaea yoio aeae i?eeeaaeiiai eneonnoaa noae i/aiue iiaeiui. I oe?ieie
iiioey?iinoe ieaoaiuo ecaeaeee iiaeii noaeeoue ii anni?oeiaioo
i?aaeeaaaaoeony oiaa?ia: anaaiciiaeiay iaaaeue (nooeuey, noieu, aeeaaiu,
oe?iu, yoaaea?ee e aeaoneea e?iaaoee), aacaoieoeu, eieynee, ea/aee,
aei?iaeiua noiaeoee, /aiiaeaiu, naeaiyaee, noiee, ei?ceiu (aeey aoiaa,
?oeiaeaeey, oeaaoia, o?oeoia), aeaoneea ea?ooee, i?aaeiaou na?ae?iaee
noiea (oeaaieoeu, nooa?ieoeu).
Ieaoaiea ec eicu – iaeii ec iaiiiaeo ?aianae, aeioaaeoeo aei ian
i?aeoe/anee aac eciaiaiey. Ia ia?aii ianoa a eneonnoaa ieaoaiey anaaaea
noiyei ooeeeoa?iia iacia/aiea ecaeaeee, /oi iicaieyei ?anniao?eaaoue
eiciieaoaiea eae iaeei ec aeaeia aeaei?aoeaii – i?eeeaaeiiai eneonnoaa.
Aaca?aie/iua aiciiaeiinoe oaoieee ieaoaiey ec eicu a oe?aoaiee i?eau/iuo
auoiauo i?aaeiaoia i?eaeaeaee oaeaioeeauo ianoa?ia. Iiaeii iacaaoue
oaeea eiaia, eae Aeaenae Aeaenaaae/ Aaneiaea?ia, Aaneeee Aaneeueaae/
Eiaeiia, Aeaaeeie? Ieoaeeiae/ Aeoa?ianeee, Oaaei? Oaaei?iae/
O?aiacieeia, Aaea?ee Ieoaeeiae/ Eiceia. Naie o?oae e oaeaio iie aeiaeeee
a ?acaeoea yoiai ?aianea, inoaaea iinea naay caia/aoaeueiia ianeaaeea –
eieae ii eneonnoao ieaoaiey.
Iao/eoueny ieanoe iiaeao eaaeaeue. No?ieiay, aaeaie io?aaioaiiay nenoaia
i?eaiia e i?aaee iicaieyao i?eeoe e nicaeaieth i?aeoe/anee ethaie aaue.
Ethaeyi, iano?iaiiui ia aieaa na?ueacioth ia?niaeoeao, caiaoei, /oi
ecaeaeey ec eicu a iaoa a?aiy aacaea iaoiaeyo naieo iieoiaoaeae: e ia
i?inouo naeueneeo ?uieao, e a i?anoeaeiuo ooaeiaeanoaaiiuo naeiiao.
Iaeioi?ay aneaoe/iinoue nia?aiaiiuo eioa?uea?ia i?aaeinoaaeyao iieioth
naiaiaeo aeey eniieueciaaiey ?aciiia?aciuo yeaiaioia, nicaeathueo
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue iaeee aeeeeua, niiauathueo aio ie n /ai ia n?aaieiia
i/a?iaaiea e ooieoeeiiaeueiinoue. Aeaei?aoeaiua ecaeaeey e eiino?oeoeee
iiiiaatho i?aaieciaaoue i?ino?ainoai iiiauaiee ?acee/iiai iacia/aiey e
iauaaeeiytho eo a ainaiaeue nia?aiaiiiai aeiia.
Aiaeiae/iua oaiaeaioeee i?enoonoaotho a eaiaeoaooiii aeecaeia. Iiaeiua
ecuneaiii – caiouaiiua naaeu n iiiai/eneaiiuie «caauouie» oaieeaie,
naycaiiuie ?acee/iuie ii noeeth aei?iaeeaie, iiaeii?iuie noaieaie,
ia?aieaie, o?aaotho i?enoonoaey anaai iiiaiia?acey oaoiee
aeaei?e?iaaiey.
Iaeiie ec naiuo ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo, aeathueo iaeneiaeueiia ?aciiia?acea
oi?i yaeyaony oaoieea ieaoaiey ec eicu.
A yiioo iaieeoa, ia ca?a ?acaeoey /aeiaa/anoaa, ieaoaiea ec eicu
yaeyeinue iaeiei ec i?eau/iuo ?aianae. A?oaieiae/aneea ?aneiiee
iiaeoaa?aeaeatho nouanoaiaaiea ieaoaiuo aieinoae, neoaeeaoeo oi?iaie
aeey ecaioiaeaiey aeeiyiie iinoaeu: ia /a?aieao io/aoeeai aeaeiu neaaeu
oa?aeoa?iiai ia?aieaoaiey.
A aeaeaeneeo oaenoao ano?a/athony oiiieiaiey i ieaoaiee ec eicu: aei/ue
oa?aiia iaoiaeeo ieaaeaioea Iienay, ieuaouaai ii Ieeo a ei?ceia ec
o?inoieea.
A Ae?aaiai ?eia aienei aeaaeeaoi?a Nia?oaea nionoeeinue n aa?oeiu
Aacoaey ii nieaoaiiui ec aeiia?aaeiie eicu eanoieoeai.
A n?aaeiea aaea oaoieea eiciieaoaiey auea iaeiie ec naiuo
?ani?ino?aiaiiuo. Iiiai/eneaiiua ieaoaiua i?aaeiaou ecia?aaeaiu ia
ea?oeiao ooaeiaeieeia yiioe Aic?iaeaeaiey.
Ai aoi?ie iieiaeia 19 a ecaeaeey ec eicu aioee a iiaeo n?aaee naiuo
?acee/iuo neiaa iauanoaa. Nooeuey, e?anea noieu, aei?iaeiua noiaeoee,
ei?ceiu aeey aoiaa e ?oeiaeaeey, aacu aeey o?oeoia e oeaaoia e iiiaia
ae?oaia ecaioaaeeaaeinue ianoa?aie e iieueciaaeinue iaeciaiiui ni?inii.
Ae?aaiaa eneonnoai i?aaie/ii aoiaeeo a nia?aiaiiinoue, niiauay
ie?oaeathuae aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe iniaoth iaiiaoi?eiinoue e ecuneaiiinoue.
1.2 Enoi?e/aneea iniaaiiinoe aaeo?iie ?acueau
?acueaa ii aea?aao aicieeea aua n ae?aaiaeoeo a?aiai. Ethaee ecia?aaeaee
caa?ae, ioeoe, nieioea, eoio e iieeiiyeenue ei, n/eoay, /oi au?acaiiua
oeao?ee i?eiinyo a aeii n/anouea, ioaiiytho anyeoth ia/enoue e
iaa?aaatho oicyaa io ian/anoee.
Ae?aaiea neaayia n/eoaee aea?aai iin?aaeieeii iaaeaeo /aeiaaeii e
nieioeai. Iii auei neiaieii aeaaiiieo/ey e n/anouey, aeieaieaoey e
caei?iauey.
Ecaeaeey ec aea?aaa i?i/ii aioee a iaoo aeeciue. Ii ?aciiia?aceth
i?eiaiaiey ae?aaaneia ia eiaea naaa ?aaiuo. Ec iaa aeaeaeinue
i?aeoe/anee ana iaiaoiaeeiia aeey aeecie: aeiia, iaaaeue, iinoaea,
eieuaaee, oe?iu, ea?ooee, iinou, naie, oaeaae, iaeueieoeu, eiaeee, e
iiiaia ae?oaia. Iocueaeueiua eino?oiaiou oiaea aeaeaeenue ec aea?aaa.
Yoi aaeaeaeee, nae?aee, aeaeaeee, ?iaeee, ne?eiee.
Eaaeaeue ianoa?, auiieiyy oi eee eiia ecaeaeea ec ae?aaaneiu, noa?aeny
naeaeaoue aai e?aneaui, iieacaa i?e?iaeioth e?anioo aea?aaa e oneeea aa.
?acueaa yaeeanue iaeiei ec naiuo ?aiieo niiniaia oe?aoaiee ec
ae?aaaneiu.
?acueaie oe?aoaeenue ecau, ia?aaeu, iinoaea, iaaaeue ei?aaee.
A eiioea 19 – ia/aei 20 aaea n iniaie neeie ?acaeaaeanue aaeo?iay eee
i?i?aciay ?acueaa. I?aaeiinueeaie e aicieeiiaaieth aaeo?ie ?acueau
yaeeinue oea/anoai. aaeo?iua naeoaoee iaiiieiatho ?acueao, iaeioi?ua
iioeau eiatho oa?aeoa?iua iniaaiiinoe: naiaia?acea i?iaiaioa,
ia?iaeiinoue, aeeyiea ?acee/iuo yiio.
2. Oaoieea e oaoiieiaey eiciieaoaiey e ?acueau ii aea?aao
2.1 Caaioiaea eaiauo i?ooueaa
A ie?a ?anoao ieiei 300 ?aciiaeaeiinoae eau, ec ieo 120 – a oa??eoi?ee
?innee. Ana ?aciiaeaeiinoe eau i?aaenoaaeytho niaie eonoa?ieee eee
aea?aauey. Ae?aaiaeaeiua ni?oa eau ?ani?ino?aiaiu a iniiaiii a thaeiuo
iaeanoyo, ia?aaeei yoi e?aneaua iiao/ea aea?aauey, eo aaoee oi?ie?otho
aeeeiiua e oiieea i?oouey. Nouanoaoao ae?aaiaeaeiay aaaeeiineay eaa, o
eioi?ie i?oo aeinoeaaao 4 – 5 i.
A n?aaeiae iieina iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiu ni?oa eonoa?ieeiaie eau. Eaa –
iaeei ec naiuo auno?i?anooueo eonoa?ieeia. Iaeiieaoiea iiaaae
aeinoeaatho 3 i.
?anooo eau iianaianoii – ii aa?aaai ?ae e ica?, aaeieue
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo ianuiae, oinna, ioioii naeyony ia naaaeeo au?oaeao e
iiaea?euao.
Oieueei iaeioi?ua ni?oa eau aiaeyony aeey ieaoaiey. Yoi naycaii
iaiin?aaenoaaiii n oaoiieiaeae i?ioeanna. Inoaiiaeiny ia iienaiee
ni?oia, eioi?ua iicaieytho eniieueciaaoue i?oouey aeey ecaeaeee.
2.2 Aeaeu e ni?oa eau
Eaa io?io?iay, eee aeaeoieiciee.
Iaeeii/iue aaoaenoue eono aunioie aei 3 i. Ei?a o aaoaae aeaeoieicieea n
aioo?aiiae noi?iiu eeiiiii – aeaeoay, iaeiieaoiea iiaaae io?io?iua e
aeanoyuea, ii/ee iaeeea , aeoaiei neaeyuea. Iaaeinoaoie: iaiiiai
eai?ecai a ?acaaaeaiee.
Eaa eiiiieyiay.
Aunieee eonoa?iee, ?anoouee o aa?aaia aiaeiaiia. Aaoae caeaiua, n
ei?e/iaaui eee aeaeoui iooaieii. Ii/ee iinaaeaiu /anoi, iniaaiii aeeaea
e aa?oooea. Iaaeinoaoie: neeoeii aieueoie aeeaiao? na?aeoeaaeiu.
Eaa e?aniioeaaoiay, eee e?aniioae.
Eonoa?iee eee aea?aai, ia?acoao oa?aeoa?iua ca?inee. Aaoae aeeeiiua e
oiieea, n e?anii – ao?ui iooaieii. Ii/ee ?aniieiaeaiu a oaoiaoiii
ii?yaeea. Oi?io aeey ?aaiou eae iaiei?aiiue iaoa?eae, oae eae ei?a
i?eeaaaao ieioii e i?oo iaei onuoaao. Iaaeinoaoie: iaiiiai eai?ecai a
?acaaaeaiee.
Eaa i?ooiaeaeiay.
Eonoa?iee. Aaoae ni naaoei – caeaiui eee ei?e/iaaaoui iooaieii. Ii/ee
?aniieiaeaiu ?aaiiia?ii. Naiue iiioey?iue o ieaoaeueueeia ni?o. I?oo
aeaeee, oi?ioi ieaoaony e auno?i ?anoao. Oaeiaai a ?acaaaeaiee.
Eaa eicuey, eee aa?aa.
Aunieee eonoa?iee eee iaaieueoia aea?aai. Aaoae oaiii – caeaiua. Ii/ee
e?oiiua, aeoaiei iinaaeaiiua. Auno?i ?anoao. Iaaeinoaoie: i?oo o?oieee e
/anoi neeoeii eiioniue.
2.3 Eino?oiaiou e i?eniiniaeaiey aeey ieaoaiey
Iiaee
Aac yoiai eino?oiaioa i?inoi ia iaieoenue. Ii iiiaaeiaeony aeey
caaioiaee i?ooueaa e aeey eo iiaeaioiaee e ieaoaieth. Aeey oaeianoaa a
?aaioa eo/oa iieueciaaoueny ia iaeiei, a n?aco ianeieueeeie oeiaie
iiaeae, eioi?ua iicaieyo naeaeaoue ?aaioo ea/anoaaiiaa e, /oi
iaiaeiaaaeii, auno?aa. Eiia/ii, iiaeii ia?aie/eoueny e iaeiei iiaeii, ii
yoi nicaeano ii?aaeaeaiiua o?oaeiinoe a ?aaioa.
Naiui ?ani?ino?aiaiiui yaeyaony iiae – einye (?en. 1, a). Aac iaai ia
iaoiaeeony ie iaeei ianoa? ii aea?aao. Aaconeiaii, yoio iiae naiue
oieaa?naeueiue: ei iiaeii ia oieueei n?acaoue i?oouey n eonoa, ii e
i/euaoue eo io ei?u, anee o aan iao uaieeee.
Ei?ceii/iue iiae
(?en. 1, a) ii naiae oieaa?naeueiinoe ia onooiaao iiaeo – einyeo. Ii
oaeiaai ia oieueei i?e caaioiaea i?ooueaa, ii e i?e no?iaaiee oienouo
iaeie, oaeaeaiee no/eia e iaaieueoeo aaoie n iniiaiuo i?ooueaa.
Naaeiaue e na?iiaeaeiue iiaee
(?en. 1, a-a) i?eaiaeyony a oii neo/aa, anee aai iaiaoiaeeii caaioiaeoue
oienoua iaeee aeey ieaoaiey aieueoeo ecaeaeee. Na?iiaeaeiue iiae aieaa
niaoeeoe/ai, /ai naaeiaue. ?aaeouay iiaa?oiinoue iaoiaeeony oieueei ia
aioo?aiiae noi?iia, ec – ca yoiai n?ac iaaei aeaeaoue oieueei ia naay.
Iiae – ai?aa/
(?en.1, ae) ii naiaio no?iaieth aua aieaa niaoeeoe/ai. Ii eniieuecoaony
ia i?e caaioiaea i?ooueaa, a i?e ieii/aoaeueiie ioaeaeea aioiaiai
ecaeaeey. Ec – ca naiae ?anoe?aiiie ?aaeouae iiaa?oiinoe oaeie iiae
iioeiaeueii eniieuecoaony aeey ia?acee aunooiathueo eiioeia i?ooueaa a
ecaeaeee.
Uaieeee
Yoio i?inoie ii eiino?oeoeee eino?oiaio eniieuecoaony aeey iei?aiaiey
i?ooueaa eau. Aeey oiai /oiau naeaeaoue i?inooth uaieeeo, iiaeii
n?acaoue i?oo (eaiaue eee i?aoiaue) aeeeiie ieiei 50 ni e oieueiie
i?eia?ii 4 – 5 ni , iau/iui iiaeii naeaeaoue iaaieueoie caci? e
iaiioaoue iaeeo i?iaieieie eee eaioie, inoaaea ?anuai i?eia?ii a 12 – 15
ni. Yoi iicaieeo ia ?aneieioue iaeeo ai a?aiy ioeo?eaaiey i?ooueaa. Aeey
oaeianoaa ioaeii caino?eoue iaeeo n ae?oaiai eiioea, /oiau aa iiaeii
auei aioeiooue
2.4 Aeaeu ieaoaiee
Ieaoaiea ia noiy/eao
N?aaee iniiaiuo niiniaia ieaoaiey ia noiy/eao iiaeii auaeaeeoue i?yiia
ieaoaiea, aa?aai/eo, e?iiee, aaeo? e ioi?ieaiea ai?aeth?a.
I?yiia ieaoaiea.
Yoi iaeei ec naiuo ecaanoiuo aeaeia ieaoaiey, eioi?ua eniieuecothony i?e
ecaioiaeaiee aeiiuoea, noaiie e e?uoee aieueoeinoaa. Aeinoaoi/ii /anoi
ii iacuaaaony «ieaoaieie». N iiiiuueth i?yiiai ieaoaiey eaaei e auno?i
iiaeii auiieieoue ethaoth /anoue ecaeaeey, iniaaiii, anee au- oioy au
iaiiiai- oniaee n iei iiciaeiieony. Yoi0iniiaaethaiai ecaeaeey e
naycothuae eiiiiiaio ninoaaiuo aai /anoae , yoa oi, /oi, i?eaeaao e
oaea?aeeaaao oi?io ethaie ieaoaiie aaue, oi, aac /aai ia oaeaeinue
iaieoenue ie iaeiiio ieaoaeueueeo, yoi-ia/aei iooe e ianoa?noao.
I?inoay ieaoaiea.
Aeey i?inoie ieaoaiee iiaeii eniieueciaaoue eae i?oouey, oae e ieanoeiee
e eaiou. I?eioeei ieaoaiey caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi i?oouey iii/a?aaeii
iaeaatho noiy/ee oi n iaeiie noi?iiu, oi n ae?oaie. Anee a ia?aii ?yaeo
au i?iionoeee i?oo aia?aaee ia?aiai noiy/ea, a caoai caaaee aai ia
aioo?eieth noi?iio, oi ai aoi?ii ?yaeo auiieieoa ana iaiai?io: nia/aea
aaaaeeoa i?oo aioo?ue ieaoaiiai ecaeaeey, a caoai auoyieoa aai ia
aiaoithth noi?iio, iinea yoiai, iaiaioa noiy/eia, niiaa caaaaeeoa aai ia
aioo?aiithth noi?iio
Oaeei ia?acii, au auiieieoa ana ecaeaeea aac aeaeeiuo naiaa, a naii
ieaoaiea aoaeao i?i/iui e e?aneaui.
Aa?aai/ea.
A caaeneiinoe io oiai, neieueei i?ooueaa au aoaeeoa eniieueciaaoue i?e
ieaoaiee aa?aai/eie, o aan iieo/eony eeai i?inoay, eeai aei/ea. A
ioee/ee io i?yiiai ieaoaiey caeanue ia oieueei ia?aieaoathony noiy/ee,
ii e ia?aaeaathony iaaeaeo niaie.
Yoi ieaoaiea aeinoaoi/ii i?i/iia, iiyoiio e eniieuecothony a naiii
ia/aea auiieiaiey noaiie ecaeaeey, i?e cae?aieaiee aaeo?iuo iiein e a
ni/aoaiee n i?inoie ieaoaieie aeey oiai, /oiau naeaeaoue noaiee aieueoeo
ei?cei e?aieeie.
Anee a aaoai a?naiaea anoue aeeeiiua caaioiaee, oi aeey ieaoaiey
eniieuecoeoa oieueei eo, /oiau auea aiciiaeiinoue ia/aoue e caeii/eoue
?yae iaeiei e oai aea i?ooii.
Caaeaea.
Yoi naiue i?inoie niinia oi?ie?iaaiey e?iiee ecaeaeey. Auaa?eoa iaeei
noiy/ie. Caoai niaieoa noiy/ie a iaeio noi?iio, i?iionoeoa aai iicaaee
aeaoo ninaaeieo noiy/eia e auaaaeeoa a i?iiaaeooie iaaeaeo o?aoueei e
/aoaa?oui noiy/eaie ia aiaoiath noi?iio. Oaia?ue n aiaoiae noi?iiu
iaiaieoa /aoaa?oue e iyoui noiy/eaie, niiaa cai?aaueoa ia?aae ieaoaieai.
Aoi?ie noiy/ie oaeaea caaieoa /a?ac noa?aeaiue oeea, caaaaeeoa aai ia
aioo?aiithth noi?iio e i?iionoeoa a i?iiaaeooie iaaeaeo /aoaa?oui e
iyoui noiy/eaie. Oaia?ue ia aiaoiae noi?iia iaiaieoa aeaa neaaeothueo
noiy/ea e cai?aaueoa aai ca ieaoaiea.
Ana inoaeueiua noiy/ee caaeaathony oai aea niiniaii.
Eine/ea.
Yoi aeinoaoi/ii i?inoie niinia ioi?ieaiey ai?oeea ecaeaeee. A ioee/ea io
i?aaeuaeouaai, aaea o?aaoaony aieueoea noiy/ee, caeanue iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue ei?ioeea, aeeeiiie i?eia?ii 5-6 ni. Iiae iniiaaiey
noiy/ea iieiaeeoa oeei e caaieoa i?oo aiec. Caoai nia?aaee iaaaeoa ei
ninaaeiee noiy/ie, caaaaeeoa aai eiiaoe ia aioo?eieth noi?iio e n?aaeao
iaioaeiua /anoe, inoaaea i?e yoii ia aieueoa 1,5 ni.
I?inoia ieaoaiea.
Yoi aeaenoaeoaeueii naiia ianeiaeiia ieaoaiea. I?inoia ieaoaiea
i?eiaiyaony aeey ecaioiaeaiey ieaoaiie iaaaee.
I?oo iieaoa i?iaiaeei /a?ac iaeei i?iiaaeooie ii noaia « ia?aae
noiyeii-iicaaee noiyea». I?inoia ieaoaiea iiaeii aanoe eae iaeiei, oae e
ianeieueeeie i?ooueyie n?aco.
Aaeo? iao/ie
Aaeo? aeiiieieo ia?a/aiue ?aiaa eco/aiiuo oci?ia e ?anoe?eo aiciiaeiinoe
ioi?ieaiey noaiie ecaeaeey.
Aaeo? auieaoaai i?inoui ieaoaieai ec oiieeo i?ooeeia. Oiieea
i?ooeee-aa?oeieo aeeeiie 15-20 ni aoueaai eiiaeueeii a iaia/aiiii ianoa
a i?aaeuaeouaa ieaoaiea e iieaoaai 3-4 ?yaeaie 2-6 noiae. Iieo/atho
ieaoaiea eaaae?aoeeaie. Ec ieo oi?ie?oai «iao/ie».
2.5 Ia?aaioea ieaiaiiuo ecaeaeee
Ooiae ca ieaoaiie iaaaeueth.
Ia aeieaea aiaeu nio?aieoue ia?aicaeaiiue aeae aaoae ieaoaiie iaaaee
iiaeii oieueei a oii neo/ae, anee au aoaeaoa ca iae i?aaeeueii
ooaaeeaaoue. Neeueii caiueaiioth iaaaeue ii/enoeoue iueaninii eee /ooue
aeaaeiie uaoeie. I?e eaaeaeiaeiaaiie oai?ea iiaeii ia?aie/eoueny neaaea
nii/aiiie a oaieie aiaea o?yieie. Iaeei ?ac a ianyoe i?ioe?aeoa iaaaeue
niaoeeaeueiie iiee?ieueth, eioi?oth iaiineoa ia iiaa?oiinoue iaeiie
o?yieie e e?oaiauie aeaeaeaieyie ?anoe?aeoa aeinooa ae?oaie.
Ainnoaiiaeoue i?aaeiee aeae ieaoaiie iaaaee iiaeii i?e iiiiue
neaaeothueo i?ioeaaeo?. Aeey ia/aea aeeo?aoii nieieoa neie noa?iai,
oniaaoaai ionoaoue eaea. Caeanue eo/oa anaai ainiieueciaaoueny
iaeeica?ienoie iaaeaea/iie aoiaaie. Iinea yoiai i?io?eoa iiaa?oiinoue
ecaeaeey e iaianeoa oiieee neie ieeou. Eae oieueei iia aunioiao,
iie?ieoa iiaa?oiinoue neiai i?ic?a/iiai eaea. Ii ieii/aiee ?aaiou
ioiiee?oeoa auniooee neie iie?uoey. I?e aeaeaiee iiaeii iaianoe ia iaeei
neie, a aeaa eee o?e.
Eaee?iaaiea aioiauo ecaeaeee.
Aeey caueou aioiauo ecaeaeee, a oaeaea aeey oiai /oiau iiae/a?eiooue
no?oeoo?o ae?aaaneiu, aeiaeoueny aieaa aiaaoie ea?u naaoioaie,
iiaa?oiinoue aioiaiai ecaeaeey iie?ieoa eaeii.
Eaee auaatho iaoo?aeueiua e neioaoe/aneea, a caaeneiinoe io eiiiiiaioia,
eioi?ua aoiaeyo a eo ninoaa. Iaoo?aeueiue eae aioiaeony ia iniiaa
i?e?iaeiuo niie. A caaeneiinoe io ?anoai?eoaeae, ia iniiaa eioi?uo
aioiayony, eaee ano?a/athony aeiaieueii ?aaeei.
Ieo?ieaee aeinoaoi/ii i?inou a eniieueciaaiee. Iinea aunuoaiey ieo?ieaea
ia iiaa?oiinoe ia?acoaony i?i/iay aeyioeaaay ieaiea, e nioiao eae a
oa/aiea ianeieueeeo ieioo.
Iaiineoue ieo?ieae ia iiaa?oiinoe iaaei eenoueth n iaoo?aeueiui ai?nii
eee oaiiiiii, i?e/ai eo/oa a ianeieueei neiaa. ?iaiia, aac
iaia?aaioaiiuo iano iie?uoea iieo/eoa, anee iieiinoueth iia?oceoa
ieaoaiia ecaeaeea a aieinoue n eaeii.
Ii ia caauaaeoa, /oi yoi aiciiaeii oieueei a oii neo/aa, anee eaaeaeue
neie iinea aunuoaiey ca/enoeoa iaiiiai iaeeica?ienoie oeo?eie.
Iineaaeiee neie aeieaeai nioiooue iiaeieueoa-i?eia?ii nooee. *oiau eae
i?e naaoa aeaaae ?iaiue aeane, iinea iieiiai aunuoaiey iiaeii iaianoe ia
iiaa?oiinoue aaoiui oaiiiiii eee aoaeie ea?inei eee aaicei, a caoai aua
?ac iooeeoiaaoue iaeeica?ienoie oeo?eie. Oaia?ue i?io?eoa iiaa?oiinoue
noeiieie eee eineooeeii caioe- iiaa?oiinoue canaa?eaao ia nieioea. Aeey
oneeaiey aeanea iiaeii iaianoe ia iiaa?oiinoue iiee?ieue eee ethaie
?anoai?eoaeue-nii/eoa /enooth eueiyioth o?yii/eo a ?anoai?eoaea e
i?io?eoa eaeiaia iie?uoea.
Ianeyiua ae?aaaniua eaee n/eoathony eo/oeie. Iie ia?acotho i?i/iue,
aeaainoieeee neie, eioi?ue ioee/ii i?iyaeyao no?oeoo?o e oeaao
ae?aaaneiu, a oaeaea iaeaaeaao e?aneaui aeaneii. Aeey iaianaiey yoiai
eaea oaeaea iiaeii eniieueciaaoue eenoe eee aaoiue oaiiii, a iaeaiueeea
aaeo?iua ecaeaeey i?inoi iionoeoue a aieinoue n eaeii.
Eae i?e aeeeoaeueiii o?aiaiee iiaeao, caaonoaao, i?e yoii ?anoiae eaea
i?e iie?uoee cia/eoaeueii oaaee/eaaaony. E?iia yoiai, i?e iieueciaaiee
caaonoaaoei eaeii iiaoo ia?aciaaoueny ?yaue e iioaee.
AEeaeeee eae ?anoiaeoaony iaiueoa, neie iieo/aaony oiieei, ?iaiui,
iiyoiio oaeie eae eo/oa anaai eniieueciaaoue i?e ia?aii iie?uoee. *enei
neiaa caaeneo io eiinenoaioeee eaea: /ai eae aoua, oai iaiueoa neiaa
iaiaoiaeeii iieiaeeoue.
2.6 Eino?oiaiou e i?eniiniaeaiey aeey ?acueau ii aea?aao
Aeey auiieiaiey anao aeaeia aeiiiaie ?acueau, ?acee/iuo yeaiaioia
oe?aoaiey aeeeeua, iaaaee, noaaie?ia e ae?oaeo iiaeaeie ioaeai
niaoeeaeueiue eino?oiaio.
?ac/eoeeee eino?oiaio aeaeeony ia iniiaiie (?aaeouee) e aniiiiaaoaeueiue
(aeey naa?eaiey e auieeeaaiey, noiey?iue e ?aciaoi/iue). Oe?iei
eniieuecothony oaeaea ?acee/iua auoiaua eino?oiaiou e i?eniiniaeaiey ia
aaca yeaeo?iiioi?a.
?aaeouee eino?oiaio aeieaeai auoue ec oi?ioae noaee, e?aeei e oaeiaiui,
ioee/ii caoi/aiiui. Ooiie eino?oiaio e?ioeo, iiao, a ia ?aaeao aea?aai,
a ii?acee e naia ?acueaa auaeyaeyo oa?ioiaaouie, iaa?aaeiuie. Ino?ui
eino?oiaioii ?aaioaoue eaaei e i?eyoii, ?enoiie iieo/aaony /enoui,
oi/iui e e?aneaui. Ii aioiaiio ecaeaeeth iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue ia oieueei
oiaiea e ii/a?e ianoa?a, ii e /ai e eae ii auiieiye ?aaioo.
Iaai? ?ac/eoeeiai eino?oiaioa.
Aac iaai?a ?ac/eoeeiai eino?oiaioa iaaiciiaeii naeaeaoue naioth i?inooth
?acueao.
?ac/eoeeee eino?oiaio ?aciiia?acai. I?inoua ii oaoieea eiioo?iua e
aaiiao?e/aneea ii?acee o?aaotho i?eiaiaiey ii?aaeae?iiiai eiee/anoaa
?aciiai ii oi?ia e aaee/eia eino?oiaioa.
I?e auiieiaiee neiaeiuo ?aciuo ecaeaeee o?aaoaony aieueoia eiee/anoai
?aciiia?aciuo noaianie, iiaeae e o.ae.
A iaai? iniiaiiai ?ac/eoeeiai eino?oiaioa aoiaeyo:
Iiaee-einyee, eioi?ua i?eiaiythony a iniiaiii aeey auiieiaiey
aaiiao?e/aneie e eiioo?iie ?acueau, a oae aea aeey ii?acee i?iaiaioia.
Iiaee-?acaee ?aciuo oi?i eniieuecotho aeey aaiiao?e/aneie ?acueau i?e
auiieiaiee ?icaoie, «neyiee» n cae?oaeaieyie, yeaiaioia n e?eauie
eeieyie, a oaeaea a eiioo?iie ?acueaa aeey cae?oaeaiee e ecaeaia, a
i?i?aciie iaeeaaeiie ?acueaa e aeey i?ioeeueiuo ?aaio.
I?yiua noaianee ioaeiu aeey ca/enoee oiia, i?i?oaee eiioo?a i?iaiaioa,
niyoey oanie e ae?oaeo ?aaio.
Noaianea-einy/ie i?eiaiyaony a iniiaiii aeey auiieiaiey aaiiao?e/aneie
?acueau.
Ioeiaea e iieoe?oaeua noaianee – iniiaiie eino?oiaio aeey auiieiaiey
aieueoeinoaa aeaeia ?aaio – a aaiiao?e/aneie e eiioo?iie ?acueaa aeey
neia/aouo ii?acie, iieoe?oaeuo eoiie.
Noaianee-oaieee i?eiaiythony i?e auai?ea oceeo eeiee eaiaaie.
Eniieuecothony ii/oe ai anao aeaeao ?acueau.
Noaianee-eethea?cu eniieuecothony i?e ieinei?aeueaoiie e ?aeueaoiie
?acueaa, ca/enoea oaeoaeaiiiai oiia, auai?a ?ieinoae anaaiciiaeiie
iinoaeu e ae?oaeo ecaeaeee, aeey ia?aaioee auioeeinoae a oaeoaeaiiuo
ianoao.
Noaianee-oea?aceee i?eiaiythony aeey i?i?acee oceeo aeeeie ia oiia e
?aeueaoa, ca/enoee oiia a o?oaeiiaeinooiiuo ianoao.
Eiaea/iua iiaee i?eiaiythony i?aeiouanoaaiii i?e ecaioiaeaiee ?aciie
iinoaeu, eiathuae aioo?aiithth noa?e/aneoth iiaa?oiinoue.
Neiau e neiaaee i?eiaiytho aeey niyoey ei?u, i/enoee iiaa?oiinoe
e?oaeiai eee eiiai iaoa?eaea, auai?ee oaeoaeaiee.
*aeaiu i?eiaiythony a iniiaiii aeey ioaeaeee e oieioiaiey oiia n
oa?ioiaaoie iiaa?oiinoueth eee i?eaeaiey aeaaeeiio oiio oaeoo?u, a
oaeaea aeey iaianaiey eaeiai-eeai ?enoiea.
Ne?aaee e oeeeee n ?acee/iuie i?ioeeyie i?eiaiytho aeey auai?ee
aaeoaeae, ooaieeia, ca/enoee io ai?na iiaa?oiinoae n e?eaeciie.
?aoieee neoaeao aeey ca/enoee ?acueau, auaatho ?aciie oi?iu e i?ioeey.
U?oea i?iaiei/iay ni noaeueiui ai?nii ioaeia aeey i?i/enoee, auyaeaiey
?enoiea oaenoo?u ia ecaeaeeyo, iniaaiii oiie?iaaiiuo eee iaiaeae?iiuo.
2.7 Oaoieea aaeo?iie ?acueau
Yoi ieinei?aeueaoiay ?acueaa, a eioi?ie oii auioo iieiinoueth, oae, /oi
?enoiie iieo/aaony neaiciui. I?iaiaioaeueiua iioeau aaeo?iie ?acueau ia
iaiaa ?aciiia?aciu, /ai a ae?oaeo aeaeao ieinei?aeueaoiie ?acueau.
Aaeo?ioth ?acueao auiieiytho ia ae?aaaneia eeiu, aa?acu, ieueoe, eeaia,
i?aoa e ae?.
Aaeo?iua ioaa?noey i?i?acatho i?e iiiiue naa?ea e ieeu, a caaeneiinoe io
oa?aeoa?a i?iaiaioa, e ia?aaaouaatho ?acee/iuie noaianeaie: e?oouie,
ioeiaeie. N?aaeieie e iaeeeie. Oai, aaea iaeuecy i?eiaieoue noaianeo,
oi?iu i?iaiaioa aei?aaaouaatho iiaeii. Ecaeaeea ia?aaaouaatho eae n
eeoeaaie, oae e n ia?aoiie noi?iiu, ooi/iyy, oaeei ia?acii neeoyo
i?iaiaioaeueiie eiiiiceoeee.
Iaiaoiaeeiui o?aaiaaieai, i?aaeuyaeyaiui e ?ac/eeo i?e aaeo?iie ?acueaa,
oi/iinoue e aeeo?aoiinoue. Aeaaea iaaieueoie neie eee ca?ac ae?aaaneiu
iiaeao eaaei ia?ooeoue neeoyo i?i?aciiai i?iaiaioa, iniaaiii i?e iyaeeo
ii?iaeao aea?aaa.
Aaeo?iie ?acueaie oe?aoatho ioaeaeueiua /anoe caeaiey: iaee/ieee,
i?e/aeeiu, oi?oeiaua aeinee, ia?aaeaeaiey aaeeiia, a oaeaea aanaaeee,
iaaanu. ?acee/iua iino?ieee ia aeaoneeo ieiuaaeeao, ?aieao aeey ca?eae e
iiiaia ae?oaia.
*anoi aaeo?ioth ?acueao iacuaatho i?iieeueiie, oae eae aa oaoieea
iniiaaia ia i?iieeeaaiee aaeo?iuo i?iaiia a aeinea.
Ieeu aeey auieeeaaiey e?eaieeiaeiuo caaioiaie ii aiaoiaio eiioo?o
iacuaathony iiai?ioiuie. Oe?eia iieioia oaeie ieeu io 4 – 15 ii. Oceea
iieioia eniieuecotho i?e auieeeaaiee iaeeeo caaioiaie n e?oouie eeieyie
ecaeaa, aieaa oe?ieea – i?e auieeeaaiee e?oiiuo caaioiaie n ieaaiui eee
i?yiui eiioo?ii. A ioee/ea io iau/iie eo/eiaie ieeu, iieioii iiai?ioiie
ieeu iiai?a/eaaaony, /oi aeaao aiciiaeiinoue, ia iiai?a/eaay caaioiaee
aeaeaoue i?iieeu a ?aciuo iai?aaeaieyo.
Iaeeea ioaa?noey naa?eyo ae?aeueth. Ia?aae ia/aeii naa?eaiey oeaio?
aoaeouaai ioaa?noey iiia/atho oeeii. E?oiiua ioaa?noey – eieiai?ioii.
Iniiaiui eino?oiaioii aeey auieeeaaiey aioo?aiieo i?iaiia yaeythony ieeu
– iiaeiaee n oceei iieioiii, eiathuei oi?io eeeia. Yoe ieeu iacuaathony
eo?eiaee. Eo?eiaee iiaeii eniieueciaaoue e aeey auieeeaaiey ii aiaoiaio
eiioo?o.
Iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue auiieiaiey aaeo?iie ?acueau.
Ia?aaaaey ?enoiie, aunaa?eeaatho ioaa?noey e i?iecaiaeyo iieeiaeo ii
eiioo?o. Caoai oaeaeytho oii, iinea yoiai i?i?eniauaatho aeaoaee e
ieii/aoaeueii i?i?aaaouaatho ?enoiie: eiioo? ii?acee aeieaeai auoue
/aoeei. Ii ieii/aiee yoeo iia?aoeee iaiaoiaeeii caoeeoiaaoue ioaa?noey,
oaeoaeaiey e oaieee au?acaaiiai ?aeueaoa.
2.8 Aeaeu ae?aaaniuo ii?iae
Aea?aai – i?ae?aniue no?ieoaeueiue e iiaeaei/iue iaoa?eae, iii iaeaaeaao
?yaeii oeaiiuo ea/anoa: eaaei eieaony, ieeeony, ?aaeaony, aeinoaoi/ii
i?i/iia e oa??aeia, oi?oaia, eaaei neeaeaaaony e eiaao iaaieueoie
oaeaeueiue aan, oioy e iaeaaeaao iaaeinoaoeaie: ai?eo e aie?o.
Aeey ?acueau i?eaiaeiu naiua ?acee/iua ii?iaeu aea?aaueaa, eioi?ua
iiae?acaeaeythony ia eenoaaiiua e oaieiua.
Iyaeea ii?iaeu aea?aaa iaeaieaa aeaaii?eyoiu aeey ?acueau: ia ieacuaay
neeueiiai nii?ioeaeaiey ?acoeo, iicaieytho ?oea aeaeaoue naiaiaeiua
aeaeaeaiey. Ae?aaaneia n i?yiineieiie eee naeeaaaoie no?oeoo?ie,
neienoay eee aii?oiay ?aaeaony ii-?aciiio, iiyoiio aicieeatho
ii?aaeae?iiua o?oaeiinoe a ?aaioa.
N?aaeiae oa??aeinoe ae?aaaneia iiaeao ieacaoueny e iyaeie e oa??aeie
ii?iaeu a caaeneiinoe io oneiaee i?iec?anoaiey (no?iaue eeeiao),
no?iaiey ae?aaaneiu (iiiai no/eia) e o.ae.
Oa??aeua ii?iaeu aea?aaa naea?aeeaatho aeaeaeaiea ?acoea, o?aaoao
i?eiaiaiey neeu e /oanoaa iaoa?eaea.
Eaaeaeue /aeiaae, aa?ouee a ?oee ?ac/eoeeee eino?oiaio, aeieaeai eiaoue
oioy au yeaiaioa?iua iiiyoey i no?iaiee aea?aaa, ae?aaaneia, a?
naienoaao, ea/anoaao, iacia/aiee. Aea?aai – iaiau/aeii /ooeee iaoa?eae,
iiyoiio eaaeaeia eanaiea aai eino?oiaioii aeieaeii auoue i?iaeoiaiiui e
ioaaonoaaiiui. Oieueei oiaeia e aa?aaeiia ia?auaiea n aea?aaii iiaeao
aeaoue oi?ioea ?acoeueoaou a ecaioiaeaiee ?aciuo ecaeaeee.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
1. Oieia/aaa I.»Yioeeeeiiaaeey». Ieaoaiea ec eicu. IINEAA»ANO I?ANN»
2. Oenaiiae/ O.I.Ieaoaiea ec eicu:nae?aou
ianoa?noaa.Ecaeaoaeuenoai»Oeeoaaeaeue»,2005
3. Naiaioeia A.TH. ?acueaa ii aea?aao 1998
4. Ao?eeia A.A.,Aeania A.I.Aeiiiaay ?acueaa 1993
5. Nieiaueaa I.E.Enoi?ey eioa?uea?a.2007
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