I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE ? IAOEE OE?A?IE
*A?EANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OAOIIEIA?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
?AOA?AO
c aeenoeeie?ie “?noi??y ienoaoeoa”
ia oaio:
“Ienoaoeoai I?ia//eie XVII no.”
Ia?aa??eea:
aeioeaio
O?aiiaa-Aa?aiiaa I.A.Aeeiiaea:
nooaeaioea a?. AeC-51
A?iaecue A.N.
*a?eane 2006
CI?NO ?IAIOE
ue Oeooeueiee eeno;
ue Ci?no ?iaioe;
ue Anooi;
ue Iniiaia /anoeia:
A)Oai?/?noue Aaeaia Aeuenoaeia?a;
A)I?iaoeueea neoeueioo?a;
ue Aeniiaee;
ue Iineeaiiy ia aeei?enoaio e?oa?aoo?o
ANOOI
?acee/iua aeaeu e aeai?u eneonnoaa, eiaaoea ianoi a ooaeiaeanoaaiiie
eoeueoo?a Aa?iaiee XVII aaea, iaeaaeatho iaeioi?uie iaueie /a?oaie e
-caeiiiia?iinoyie. A a?oeoaeoo?a, neoeueioo?a e aeeaiiene Aa?iaiee XVII
aaea ino?i iuouaaony oaiaeaioeey iiae?aaeaieth ia?acoeai, i?iaa?aiiui
a?aiaiai e iiuoii ae?oaeo no?ai. A ?acoeueoaoa neaaeiaaiey aa?iiaeneei
ia?acoeai a iaiaoeeie aeeaiiene oaeaea i?ienoiaeeo eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeey
ia?niiaaeae ia iniiaa iaua/aeiaa/aneeo oeaiiinoae. A aeeaiiene
aic?anoaao eioa?an e ii?o?aoo; a a?oeoaeoo?a, ianiio?y ia au/o?iinoue
noeey aa?ieei, «?ac?ua» iaaeaeo oanaaeii e yenoa?uea?ii, iaaethaeaaony
no?aieaiea e oeaeinoiinoe eioa?uea?a.
Naiiaaeoeaoue aae – iaeia ec iaeaieaa a?aiaeeiciuo yiio ai anae
enoi?ee eneonnoaa. ?aniieaaaynue iaaeaeo yiioie Aic?iaeaeaiey,
iaieiathuae i?eia?ii o?e aaea, n XIV ii XVI, e yiioie I?inaauaiey —
XVIII aaeii, iia ia onooiaao ei ie a naiai enoi?e/aneii cia/aiee,
ie a iaeeee aaeeeeo ooaeiaeieeia e aannia?oiuo oaaeaa?ia. I?e yoii
eeoue oneiaii iiaeii auei au ?anniao?eaaoue XVII aae eae a?aiy
ia?aoiaea io Aic?iaeaeaiey e I?inaauaieth, oioy ii
aeaenoaeoaeueii iiiaia oianeaaeiaae io ia?aiai e caaauae aoi?iio. A
oeaeii XVII aae — niaa?oaiii naiinoiyoaeueiay oaca a ?acaeoee
ie?iaie ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u, iaeaaeathuay naieie iaiiaoi?eiuie
iniaaiiinoyie a ie?iaicc?aiee, iauanoaaiiii e eoeueoo?iii oeeaaea,
ia?aciii iuoeaiee.
Iaeeaeaieth niinianoaiaaee e iieeoe/aneea niauoey. A ?acoeueoaoa
oaaaeeoaeueiuo iiaaae iaae oo?eaie neeueii aic?in aaoi?eoao
aano?eeneie iiia?oee, iiaaaeeoaeyie naay /oanoaiaaee e i?eieiaaoea
o/anoea a aieia iaiaoeeea ainoaea?noaa. Aoiinoa?a o?eoioa eiaea
io/anoe ?aeeaeicioth ie?aneo, iineieueeo ii?aaeaiea oo?ie icia/aei
iiaaaeo e?anoa iaae iieoianyoeai. Aano?eeneea e iaiaoeeea
iiiaoaneea i?aeaia n oneeaiiie yia?aeae i?eiyeenue ca ia?ano?ieeo
iiianou?ae e oea?eaae, inouanoaeyaoothny n aieueoei ?aciaoii e
iaaa?iyoiie iuoiinoueth, oae eae a ieo aeaeaee neiaieu
o?enoeainoaa, naycuaaaoeany n naiie eaeaae Eiia?ee. Iaeiiie/aneea
oea?eae ia?ano?aeaaeenue a aa?i/iii aeooa.
Eneonnoai Aa?iaiee i?eia?aei a XVII aaea niaoeeoe/aneea /a?ou, eioi?ua
naycaiu n oaea?aeaieai eaeaaeia eeanneoeecia, caeinoaiaaiiuo io
ae?oaeo iaoeeiiaeueiuo oeie, eioi?ia au?aceeinue a ioe?uoee Aeaaeaiee
Ooaeiaeanoa.
Aei ioe?uoey nianoaaiiie Aeaaeaiee ooaeiaeanoa a 1694 aiaeo,
iaiaoeeea ooaeiaeieee, aeey oiai, /oiau iieo/eoue i?ioanneiiaeueioth
iiaeaioiaeo, aeieaeiu auee aoaoue ca a?aieoeo — ai Oeaiae?eth, Eoaeeth,
Aieeaiaeeth. Iiyoiio oae caiaoiu aeeyiey yoeo iaoeeiiaeueiuo oeie a
?aaioao iaiaoeeeo aeeaiienoeaa, iaeiaei aeey iaiaoeeeo ianoa?ia,
/uey iaoeeiiaeueiay o?aaeeoeey a yoo yiioo ia iiaea i?ioeainoiyoue
/oaeacaiiui aaoi?eoaoai, yoi oaeei iianiinoue neaiiai iiae?aaeaiey e
yeeaeoecia. Iaeaieaa iaea?aiiua ooaeiaeieee iuoaeenue ionoiyoue
naith naiiauoiinoue, oioy e iie ia iiaee iieiinoueth io?aoeoueny
io /oaeeo ia?acoeia. Ai?ueaa ca iaoeeiiaeueiue iooue ooaeiaeanoaaiiiai
?acaeoey aaeanue eie a iaeeii/eo – a iieeoe/anee ?aciauaiiie no?aia
eaaeaeue ?aaioae a i?iaeioeeaeueiie ecieyoeee, -iiyoiio a iaiaoeeii
eneonnoaa XVII aaea ia auea nicaeaia iaoeeiiaeueiay oeiea. Ii ana
aea eiaiii a no?aieaiee e aeooiaiie naiaiaea, e oai?/aneie
iacaaeneiinoe iaaei aeaeaoue aeaaiue oaeoi? ooaeiaeanoaaiiie aeecie
Aa?iaiee yoiai a?aiaie, caeia aa aoaeouaai aic?iaeaeaiey.
Iaiaoeeea ooaeiaeieee XVII aaea noaiiaeeenue naiaai ?iaea i?i?ieaie a
/oaeii ioa/anoaa. A naiie aea Aa?iaiee iaoeeiiaeueiua oaeaiou ia
oeaieee e ia iiaeaea?aeeaaee, ooaeiaeiee iaoiaeeeny a oieceoaeueiii,
caaeneiii iieiaeaiee. Oai aieaa aeinoiei aieiaiey oio oaeo, /oi
aeeaiienaoe E. oii Caiae?a?o (1609-1684) aeeth/ee a naith «Iaiaoeeoth
Aeaaeaieth ciae/anoaa, aayiey e aeeaiiene» (1675) – eieao, eioi?ay
auea ia?aie iiiuoeie nenoaiaoe/aneiai eceiaeaiey enoi?ee ie?iaiai
eneonnoaa, – eneonnoai Aa?iaiee e aeia?aoee iaiaoeeeo ianoa?ia. Yoi
naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaei i i?iaoaeaeaiee iaoeeiiaeueiiai niciaiey a
iaiaoeeie ooaeiaeanoaaiiia n?aaea. A oi aea a?aiy Caiae?a?o,
aeaeaeeiue iao?eioe/aneei aeaeaieai iiaeiyoue iaiaoeeia eneonnoai aei
aa?iiaeneiai o?iaiy, aaeeinoaaiiue iooue aeey yoiai aeaeae a
iiae?aaeaiee aaeeeei ia?acoeai. I?eioeeio niciaoaeueiie yeeaeoeee
Caiae?a?o neaaeiaae e a naiai oai?/anoaa. Iaeiaei a iaeioi?uo aai
i?iecaaaeaieyo, iai?eia?, a na?ee «Ianyoeu» (1642-1643), aaea
aeeaai?e/aneea nthaeaou o?aeoiaaiu a aeai?iaii ieaia, ianiio?y ia
yaiia iiae?aaeaiea ieaea?eaiaeneei ianoa?ai e aeaaea i?yiia
caeinoaiaaiea, i?iaeaathony iaiin?aaenoaaiiua aeeciaiiua aia/aoeaiey
(iniaaiii i?eia/aoaeueia ea?oeia «Iiya?ue», Ithioai, Aaaa?neea
ea?oeiiua nia?aiey).
I?ioeai?a/eainoue, eioi?ie ioia/aia aeayoaeueiinoue Caiae?a?oa,
ninoaaeyao oa?aeoa?ioth /a?oo iaiaoeeiai eneonnoaa XVII aaea a
oeaeii. A iai ia?eee yieaiinoai e ?ooeia, aieueoeinoai ooaeiaeieeia
ia?aiaaaei /oaeea iioeau, – eo i?iecaaaeaiey ii?ie iaaiciiaeii
auaeaeeoue ec i?iaeoeoeee aieeaiaeneie, oeaiaiaeneie eee eoaeueyineie
oeie, ii auee e ianoa?a, a /ueeo ?aaioao iiaeii iaeoe i?iyaeaiea
oai?/aneie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe.
Ioiaoei oi/iinoue e aeeainoue oa?aeoa?enoee a ii?o?aoao TH. Iaaina
(1623-1679), o/aieea ?aia?aiaeoa («Ii?o?ao ss. A. Noaia», ie. 1659,
Ainoa?aeai, ?aeeniocaoi). O E. A. ?inna (1631-1685), ienaaoaai
eaeeeee/aneea iaecaaee n aioe/iuie ?oeiaie a aeooa eoaeueyiece?othueo
aieeaiaeoeaa, anoue oaeay y?eay, iaiaeeaeaiiay aeey iaai aauue, eae
«AEaineee ii?o?ao» (1669, Ithioai, Aaaa?neea ea?oeiiua nia?aiey).
Naiaia?acii eioa?i?aoe?oao aeai?iaua e aaoaeueiua noeaiu I. Oaeoa
(1630 -1700) – aai «N?aaeaiea» e «Aeiiaoiee eiioea?o» (iaa a iocaa
Aaiao?aa) iaei iioiaee ia aieeaiaeneea i?ioioeiu. Oai?/anee
aini?eiye ieaea?eaiaeneea o?aaeeoeee E. Ooeueoe (1615-1683) a
«Ii?o?aoa eoioea-iiiaiea» (1664, N-Iaoa?ao?a, Y?ieoaae) caia/aoaeueiii
ii naiae ?aaeenoe/aneie neea. Yoi iaeei ec eioa?aniaeoeo a?oiiiauo
ii?o?aoia a eneonnoaa XVII aaea. Ii aeaaea naiui e?oiiui oaeaioai
auei iaiau/aeii o?oaeii inoaoueny iineaaeiaaoaeueiuie: naia
ni/aoaeinue n caeinoaiaaiiui, nianoaaiiua, ii?ie niaeua eneaiey – n
iiaoi?aieai aioiauo oi?ioe. Oai?/anoai E. Iaoaeenna (1625-1666)
noi?ie?iaaeinue a Aieeaiaeee; iiiaia a aai aeeaiieniuo i?eaiao a
i?eioeeiao ooaeiaeanoaaiiiai no?iy ainoiaeeo e ?aia?aiaeoo, o
eioi?iai ii o/eeny. A ii?o?aoao Iaoaeenna anaaaea /oanoaoaony
ino?ia, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia aini?eyoea ia?aca, i?iieeiiaaiea ai
aioo?aiiee ie? /aeiaaea («Ii?o?ao noa?eea», 1665, Aaia, Iocae
enoi?ee eneonnoa; «Ioaeneie ii?o?ao», Eeaa, Iocae caiaaeiiai e
ainoi/iiai eneonnoaa; «Ii?o?ao iieiaeiai /aeiaaea». Ae?acaeai,
Ea?oeiiay aaea?ay; «Ii?o?ao aieia», Iineaa, AIEE ei. A. N.
Iooeeia).
Iaoth?ii?ou Iaoaeenna ii?aaeatho i?aaeaeueiie aacuneonnoaaiiinoueth,
anoanoaaiiinoueth eiiiiceoeee, eioeiiie iiyceae e «ieaiy?iinoueth»
aeeaiiene, eae au i?aaeaauathueie iaoth?ii?ou Oa?aeaia. A aai iieioiao
anoue iuouaiea aaeeiie yiioeeiiaeueiie n?aaeu, naycuaathuae ana
aiaaeeii (iaoth?ii?ou 1660 a. a nia?aiee Y?ieoaaea e a Iocaa
?iooa?aeaia).
Eneonnoai E.A. O?ioaeueaea (1609-1683) neiaeeeinue a i?aeoa
eoaeueyineeo aeeyiee, ii ia anao aai ?aaioao – aeeaiieniuo e
a?aoe/aneeo. ?aciuo ii oaiaoeea – eaaeeo ia/aoue aai
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoe. A eiiiiceoeeyo O?ioaeueaea ?aaeueiinoue
i?e/oaeeeai oaeeaaaony n oaioaceae, ee?eea – ni
nie?eooaeenoe/aneie iaeooioai?aiiinoueth. A ieo i?eaeaeaao
aiaaonoai aiia?aaeaiey e yiioeeiiaeueiuo iooaieia – ae?aiaoe/aneay
acaieiiaaiiinoue, ?iiaioe/aneee ii?ua, iaeaioiee/aneay ia/aeue
(«Iioeuaiea naaeiyiie”, Eaieia?aae, Y?ieoaae; «*oaei ia aiaeao»,
Aoanao?a, Iocae; a?aath?a «Noaoa noao»). ?iiaioe/aneay iioa cao/eo y
a aai aeai?iauo ea?oeiao – oaeeo, eae «Iaoo?iue eeann Aoanao?aneie
aeaaeaiee» (iinea 1660, A?aoe, Iocae), «Eiioea?o a ea?oeiiie aaea?aa»
(Ae?acaeai, Ea?oeiiay aea?ay), aaea oea?eo aicauoaiiay aeooiaiay
aoiinoa?a, ii?iaeaeaiiay ano?a/ae /aeiaaea n eneonnoaii.
Ieoayeue Aeeueiai (1630-1706) oyaioaao e ae?aiaoe/aneie oaiaoeea,
aai aeeaiieniay iaia?a yeni?anneaia, ienueii no?aieoaeueii e
acaieiiaaiii («Niyoea n e?anoa», A?ioeeaa, Iocae). A na?ee io/aiee
aiinoieia (Eaaon, iiianou?neay oea?eiaue, 1660 aei 80-o aa.)
ii?aaeaao aaniiuaaeiay i?aaaeeainoue, io?aaeathuay o?aaaaeeth
no?aiu, i?aeiieaiioth neaicue ee/iua aia/aoeaiey e ia?aaeeaaiey
ooaeiaeieea. O?aae/aneee iaoin aai eneonnoaa caoaaouaaao e
oaaaeaeaao.
Aea?iaaiea Aeeueiaia i?iyaeeinue iniaaiii y?ei a iaecaaeao. I?e?iaea
ia?aaeaia ei oi/ii, ethaiaii, eiie?aoii, ii i?e yoii i?aaeaeueii
iaeooioai?aia. Noeaiu ec Aeaeee eiioeaio?e?otho a naaa iano?iaiea
i?e?iaeu, eae au au?aaeatho oaeiu aa aeecie, aa aeooiaiue niune
(«Iaecaae n iaiiaeeiie eoieiie», «Iaecaae n iaoiaeaeaieai Iienay».
«Nii Eaeiaa» — ana a Aa?oaaa, Iaoeeiiaeueiay aaea?ay; «Iaecaae ni
niii Eaeiaa», Aa?eei-Aeaeai, Ea?oeiiay aaea?ay).
O?aaeeoeee iaiaoeeiai Aic?iaeaeaiey, aaiaoeeaineie aeeaiiene XVII a.,
iaiuea?ecia e aa?ieei — an? yoi ii?ie ni/aoaaony a iaeiie aai ea?oeia.
Aianoa n oai i?iecaaaeaiey Yeuenoaeia?a ii-ianoiyuaio oaeaioeeau e
naiiauoiu, iie oi/ii io?aceee iniaaiiinoe aai yiioe — ia?aoiaeiiai
a?aiaie, eiaaea ?aciua noeee ia?aieaoaeenue e iaeiia?aiaiii
i?ioeainoiyee ae?oa ae?oao. ss?einoue eiei?eoa, i?eaeiaeueiue iiaeoiae e
nthaeaoai, niaeua yenia?eiaiou a ecia?aaeaiee naaoa naeaeaee oai?/anoai
iaiaoe eiai ianoa?a eioa?aniui ia oieueei aeey niioa/anoaaiieeia, ii e
aeey ooaeiaeieeia ae?oaeo no?ai. A /anoiinoe, iii iiaeeyei ia
oeaiaiaeneoth e aieeaiaeneoth oeieu aeeaiiene.
I aeecie Yeuenoaeia?a ecaanoii i/aiue iaei. Ia?aua o?iee aeeaiiene ii
iieo/ee o iaiuea?enoa Oeeeiia Oooaiaaoa a nai?i ?iaeiii ai?iaea
O?aieoo?oa ia Iaeia. A 1598 a. ooaeiaeiee oaoae a Aaiaoeeth, a ieiei
1600 a. — a ?ei, aaea /a?ac aeanyoue eao nei?iiinoeaeii neii/aeny
(ianoiyoaeuenoaa aai nia?oe ia auyniaiu).
Nia?aiaiieee aiai?eee ia Yeuenoaeia?a eae i /aeiaaea i/aiue caieiooii,
canoai/eaii e no?aaeaaoai io iaoaa?aiiinoe a naaa, /anoi i?eaiaeeaoae e
aeai?annee. Oai ia iaiaa, e?oa aai ciaeiiuo aue aanueia oe?ie, ii
iauaeny n aeeaiienoeaie ec ?aciuo no?ai.
Iniiaioth /anoue ianeaaeey Yeuenoaeia?a ninoaaeytho iaaieueoea iieioia
ia aeaeaeneea e ieoieiae/aneea nthaeaou, oioy ii ia?auaeny e e aeai?iaie
aeeaiiene. A ?aaioao eiioea XVI a., iai?eia?, a «E?auaiee O?enoa» (1599
a.), oi?ioi aeaeii aeeyiea aaiaoeeaineeo ianoa?ia. Oeao?u O?enoa e
Eiaiia E?anoeoa ey auiieiaiu ni/iuie iaceaie, iiae/??eioou naaoioaiueth
e i?aaenoaaeaiu a neiaeiuo ?aeo?nao. Iaecaae i?e yoii iaienai nianai a
ae?oaie iaia?a, aieueoa iaiiieiathuae iaiaoeeoth aeeaiienue.
Aic?iaeaeaiea: e?anee iya/a, oeaaoiaua ia?aoiaeu oiiueoa, a i?i?eniaea
aeaoaeae ioee/aaony thaaee?iie oi/iinoueth. Oaeiaa e ea?oeia
«I?iiiaaaeue Nayoiai Eiaiia E?anoeoaey» (1599 a.): iiae aia/aoeaieai io
iiiaioeao?iuo iieioai aaiaoeeaioeaa ooaeiaeiee iaiieiee eiiiiceoeeth
ia?niiaaeaie a i?e/oaeeeauo, yecioe/aneeo einothiao, ianoa?nee auienuaay
aei?iaea oeaie e oe?aoaiey. A iieoo?iiii i?ino?ainoaa, a neoiuo eo/ao
i?aaecaeaoiiai naaoa oaeinoaaiii ia?oeatho ae?aaioeaiiinoe, o?eeiaua
oeaie, caeaiue eenoau.
Eiaii E?anoeoaeue (I?aaeoa/a) — a o?enoeaineie o?aaeeoeee i?iiiaaaeiee
i?eoiaea Iannee — iin?aaeieea iaaeaeo Aiaii e ethaeueie, Nianeoaey
/aeiaa/anoaa. Eiaii i?eciae Ianneth a Eenona O?enoa, i?eoaaeoai e iaio
i?eiyoue e?auaiea a ?aea Ei?aeai.
A i?iecaaaeaieyo ?eineiai ia?eiaea noeeue aeeaiiene Yeuenoaeia?a
eciaieeny, noae aieaa oeaeueiui e ae?aiaoe/iui. Aai ea?oeia «THaeeoue e
Ieioa?i» (1607 a.) — aeanoyuaa i?iecaaaeaiea aa?ieei, iaiieiaiiia aeeaui
e au?aceoaeueiui aeaenoaeai. Iioie naaoa auoaaouaaao ec oueiu THaeeoue —
i?ae?anioth aeaiueio a y?eeo iaeaaeaeao, eioi?ay iae iie ?oeie aea?aeeo
Ieioa?ia ca aieinu, a ae?oaie caiineo ia/, /oiau iaianoe nia?oaeueiue
oaea?. (Niaeanii aaooicaaaoiie o?aaeeoeee, eoaeaeea THaeeoue, iaacaeaaea
anne?eeneiai iieeiaiaeoea Ieioa?ia, nianea naie ai?iae io iai?eyoaey.)
Oioy aeaenoaea i?ienoiaeeo a iieooueia, aeoaieea ianuuaiiua e?anee
oi?ioi aeaeiu, e yoi oneeeaaao iauaa ae?aiaoe/aneia cao/aiea ea?oeiu. A
ioee/ea io eoaeueyineiai aeeai ienoea Ea?aaaaeaei Yeuenoaeia? iieacuaae
enoi/iee naaoa (a aeaiiii neo/aa oaeae) e ?aciauae aa?iaa ia ia ia?aii
ieaia, a a aeoaeia. Aeaaiaea?y yoiio nicaea?ony ethaiiuoiue yooaeo:
aeaenoaea neiaii i?ienoiaeeo ia oaao?aeueiuo iiaeiinoeao, a ia?niiaaee
iioiaee ia aeo??ia.
Niauoey iiiaeo i?iecaaaeaiee Yeuenoaeia?a ia aeaeaeneea nthaeaou
?acai?a/eaathony ia oiia iaecaaea. Oae, a ea?oeia «Ei?aaeae?ooaiea
aiinoiea Iaaea ia Iaeueoa» (1600 a.) iniiaiay nthaeaoiay eeiey ia i/aiue
caieiaao ianoa?a. Aiinoiea Iaaea o?oaeii n?aco caiaoeoue, aieiaiea
c?eoaey ia?aeeth/aaony ia aoi?inoaiaiiuo ia?niiaaeae. Aeaaiia ia yoii
iieioia — aaee/anoaaiiue ii/iie iaecaae, a eioi?ii naao eoiu aea?o
ia?oeathuea aeeee ia aieiao ii?y, a aaeaee iiaeieiaaony o?iiue neeoyo
ai?iiai o?aaoa. E ea?oeia «Ioaeuo Nayoiai Naiaenoaa ia iooe a Aaeiao»
(1609 a.) — oaeoe/anee iaecaaeiia i?iecaaaeaiea, a eioi?ii aaaeiay ?ieue
ioaaaeaia oiieie ea?a eoiiiai naaoa.
A na?aaeeia e aoi?ie iieiaeia XVI a. iaiaoeeia ecia?aceoaeueiia
eneonnoai ia?aaeeaaao ia?eiae aeoaieiai oiaaeea, e ia oieueei a
i?ioanoaioneeo caieyo, aaea ooaeiaeieee n ?acaeoeai ?aoi?iaoeee
eeoeeenue iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo oi?i caeaca — ia ?aaiou aeey
oea?eae. Oiaaeie oaeaea ia?aaeeaatho e eaoiee/aneea eiyaeanoaa e
ai?iaea.
Eeoue a eiioea XVI—ia/aea XVII a. niiaa iiyaeythony aeaeiua iaiaoeeea
ooaeiaeieee, ?aaioathuea i?e aeai?ao a aeooa iaiuea?ecia, noaaoaai
eioa?iaoeeiiaeueiui yaeaieai. Aa?iiaeneoth ecaanoiinoue caaiaaae eeoue
Aaeai Yeuenoaeia? (1578—1610), aeeaoee a Eoaeee. Ii neaaeeny naieie
iaaieueoeie oiieeie iaecaaeaie n aeaeaeneeie e aioe/iuie ia?niiaaeaie.
Ii n?aaiaieth n ecia?aceoaeueiui eneonnoaii a iaiaoeeoth a?oeoaeoo?o
?aiannainiua aayiey i?eoiaeyo n caiicaeaieai: oioy eo ia?aua i?eiaou
iiyaeythony oaea a ia/aea XVII a., aieaa /anoia ia?auaiea e iiaui
oaiaeaioeeyi ia/eiaaony eeoue n na?aaeeiu noieaoey. Oe?ieia
no?ieoaeuenoai e ?anoaa?aoeey eoeueoiauo nii?oaeaiee, eioi?ua auee
oa?aeoa?iu aeey aei?aoi?iaoeeiiiiai ia?eiaea, caie?atho. ?acaeaaaony
i?aeiouanoaaiii naaoneay a?oeoaeoo?a: eiyaeaneea aeai?oeu e caiee,
aeeueaeaeneea e /anoiua aeiia ai?iaeai, ?aoooe, neeaaeu, oeaeoaaocu.
O?aaeeoeee iicaeiaaioe/aneeo eiino?oeoeee eae iniiau caeaiee ni/aoathony
n ?aiannainiuie oi?iaie e i?iaiaioii a aeaei?aoeaiii oa?ainoaa. Oeie/iay
aeey Aa?iaiee ia?aaiiia?iinoue ?acaeoey eneonnoaa e ii aai ioaeaeueiui
aeaeai, e ii oa??eoi?eyi neacuaaaony e caeanue. A iineaaeiea
aeanyoeeaoey XVI a. ia?anoaao ieaea?eaiaeneia aeeyiea, ana aieueoa
oi?aeanoaotho au/o?iua iaiuea?enoe/aneea oi?iu, ni/aoathueany n
aioe/aneeie ?aieienoeaioeeyie. Iiaua oaiaeaioeee i?iieeatho e a
ca?iaeaeathuaany ?aaoey?iia no?ieoaeuenoai.
A ia/aea XVII a. a Aoaaao?aa aeey neoaeaueo oe?iu ciaiaieouo aiaa/ae
Ooaaa?ia aue iino?iai iinaeie Ooaaa?ae, ninoiyaoee ec 52 oeiiauo
aeaooyoaaeiuo aeiiia. A eiioea noieaoey ii /aoeiio aaiiao?e/aneiio
ieaio, auaea?aeaiiiio a aeooa eoaeueyineeo «eaeaaeueiuo ai?iaeia», a
Ath?oaiaa?aa ia/eiatho no?ieoaeuenoai oeaeiai ai?iaea — O?aeaeaiooaaeoa,
i?aaeiacia/aiiiai aeey aiieiuo ca aa?o i?ioanoaioia, ia?anaeeaoeony ec
Aano?ee.
Ia i?ioyaeaiee anae yiioe, iacaaeneii io oiai, /oi i?ienoiaeeo a
ninaaeieo iaeanoyo ooaeiaeanoaaiiiai oai?/anoaa, nio?aiytho aunieee
o?iaaiue i?iecaaaeaiey iaiaoeeeo ianoa?ia aeaei?aoeaii-i?eeeaaeiiai
eneonnoaa — ae?ooicia ia?aaioee iaoaeea, aea?aaa, einoe e ae?oaeo
iaoa?eaeia.
?acaeoea iaiaoeeie neoeueioo?u a XVII aaea.
Iaiaoeeay neoeueioo?a XVII aaea ?acaeaaeanue a oaniie nayce n
a?oeoaeoo?ie, ea?aea aeaaioth ?ieue a oe?aoaiee eioa?uea?ia.
Aicaeaenoaea eoaeueyineiai e oeaiaiaeneiai aa?ieei auei ii?aaeaeythuei
aeey iaiaoeeie ieanoeee yoie yiioe, ii a oai?/anoaa ianeieueeeo
cia/eoaeueiuo ianoa?ia aa?i/iue noeeue iieo/ee iaoeeiiaeueioth ie?aneo.
Naiiauoiue oa?aeoa? iiae/an i?enou oaea neoeueioo?a ia/aea OVII aaea a
ia?eiae noaiiaeaiey iiaiai noeey, eiaaea iinoaiaiii ecaeeaaeenue
iaiuea?enoe/aneea /a?ou (iiiaea iaiaoeeea neoeueioi?u yoiai a?aiaie
i?yii eee einaaiii eniuoaee neeueiia aicaeaenoaea eneonnoaa Aeaeiaaaie
aea Aieiiuey).
Aieueoiai ae?aiaoe/aneiai iai?yaeaiey eniieiaiu ?aaiou Aaina ?ayoaey
(1570-1642) — «?aniyoea» (1605, aeoa?ue oe. na. Oeue?eoa e Ao?u a
Aoanao?aa) e aeeiaie/iay eiiiiceoeey «A?oaiaae Ieoaee n naoaiie»
(1603—1606). Ia?iiiay ii ?acia?ai, yooaeoiay aeaei?aoeaiay a?oiia
?aciauaia ia ii?oaea oeaeoaaoca a Aoanao?aa — iia ianoa?nee naycaia n
a?oeoaeoo?ie e iaiaauaao ianeieueei ieineinoiue oanaae caeaiey neeueiui
ieanoe/aneei aeoeaioii.
A aiinoieao ec aeoa?y niai?a a Ieueaeaiao?aa (1614—1618), eniieiaiiuo E.
Ithinoa?iaiii (ie. 1570/80 — ie. 1638), caiaoiu iocaoee iaiuea?ecia
(ciaaaeaeiue ecaea oeao?, ia?i/eoay oneiaeiaiiinoue iic), ii i?aaeaea
anaai iaaei ioiaoeoue aeeciaiioth au?aceoaeueiinoue oeiia, no?aieaiea
auyaeoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia naiaia?acea a oece/aneii iaeeea e aeooaaiii
ninoiyiee ia?niiaaeae.
Aeaaiaea?y iiae/a?eiooie eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeee ia?acia a yiioeeiiaeueiie
noeoee iaiaoeeie aa?i/iie neoeueioo?u aeaaea a nie?eooaeenoe/aneie
yecaeueoaoeee e ia?aiie acaei/aiiinoe i?iecaaaeaiee eoeueoiaie ieanoeee
anaaaea iuouaaony iooaiie ee/iiai ia?aaeeaaiey. I?eia?ii iiaoo neoaeeoue
?aaiou Naaanoueyia Aaeueoa?a (1576-1645), aaaeouaai ae?acaeaineiai
neoeueioi?a ia?aie iieiaeiu XVII aaea (?aeueaou «Oaeiay aa/a?y»,
Ae?acaeai, Ai?iaeneie iocae; «Iieiaeaiea ai a?ia» ec iaaea?iaey E.
E?aiaoa ieaaeoaai, Aeooaiaa?a, niai?).
Iiauoaiiay aeooiaiay yeni?anney e oa?aeoa?iinoue ia?acia eae au
naycuaaee neoeueioo?o iaiaoeeiai aa?ieei n iicaeiae aioeeie e eneonnoaii
XVI aaea, i?aaie/ii aieoaaoei a naay aa o?aaeeoeee. Yoo ia?aeee/eo n
ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eoeueoo?ie i?ioeiai iiaeii oeiaeoue ia oieueei a
yiioeeiiaeueiii no?ia, ii e a ieanoe/aneii ycuea — a aiinoieao E.
Ithinoa?iaia, a iicaeieo ?aaioao N. Aaeueoa?a (a?oiia «A?ao, nia?oue e
aeueyaie», Ae?acaeai, Ai?iaeneie iocae); a aa?i/iie ii naiaio
eeethceiienoe/aneiio yooaeoo eiiiiceoeee «Iieeiiaiea ianoooia» (aea?aai,
1613— 1616, aeoa?ue niai?a a THaa?eeiaaia) Ei?aa Oeth?ia (ie. 1583-ie.
1635) aeeaao n?aaeiaaaeiaay ii aeooo i?inoiaeooiay ene?aiiinoue e
iaeaiinoue yeni?annee. Oa?aeoa?ii oaeaea, /oi a yoi a?aiy auee oe?iei
?ani?ino?aiaiu o?aaeeoeeiiiua oaoieee iaiaoeeie neoeueioo?u —
aea?aayiiay ieanoeea e ?acueaa ii neiiiaie einoe.
Niciaoaeueiia ia?auaiea e iaoeeiiaeueiie ooaeiaeanoaaiiie o?aaeeoeee
auei aeey ianoa?ia Aa?iaiee iaeiei ec n?aaenoa ionoiyoue naith
iaoeeiiaeueioth naiiauoiinoue. Yoi naienoaaiii e neoeueioi?ai c?aeiai
XVII aaea: oae, Aai?a Oaaeaaa? aaeioiiaeyeny a?aoeeie Aeth?a?a e
neoeueioo?ie O. Ooinna.
E?oiiui ianoa?ai oaeaaaeinue e oai?/anee ia?ainiuneeoue eiino?aiiua
aeeyiey. A a?oiia «?aniyoea» (iiciei/aiiia aea?aai, 1648-1653, niai? a
Aaiaa?aa) THnoon Aeannea? (ie. 1620 — ie. 1681) naiaia?acii i?aeiiee
o?iee aunieiai ?eineiai aa?ieei — ii ecaaaae a naiai eneonnoaa aiaoiae
iaoaoeee. Iniaaiii caia/aoaeai ene?aiiinoueth e aeaai?iaenoaii
au?aaeaiey nei?ae ia?ac Ia?ee. A ieanoe/aneii ?aoaiee — a aeaeaeaiee
oeao?, a o?aeoiaea iaeayiee, a ?eoia eeiee — oa aea yniinoue e
iaeooioai?aiiinoue. I?iecaaaeaiey Aeannea?a i?aaenoaaeytho eeanne/aneoth
eeieth a iaiaoeeie aa?i/iie neoeueioo?a. Eneonnoai Aai?aa Iaoaey
(1601/02-1634) oi?ie?iaaeinue a Eoaeee e Oeaiae?ee, /oi iiiiaei
?ane?uoueny ?aciu noi?iiai aai aea?iaaiey. A aeecia?aaeinoiuo,
/oanoaaiiuo ia?acao, iaaayiiuo aioe/iie ieoieiaeae («Aaia?a e Eoieaeii»,
ie. 1624, Ienoi?ae, iocae Aoiiea; «Aa?eoean, ai?thueeny n aeae?ie»,
Aoanao?a, Iocae) ynii neacuaaaony aeaaioai?iia aicaeaenoaea eneonnoaa
?oaaina. Aeeceee ?oaainianeie aeeaiiene eaeaae aiieiuai e a ia?aca
Iaaaeaeeiu a eo/oai oai?aiee Iaoaey — eiiiiceoeee «Iaaaeaeeia — o
iiaeiiaeey ?aniyoey» (a?iica, 1625-1630, ?aaainao?a, Ieaeiee niai?).
Ia?ac Iaaaeaeeiu caoaaouaaao o?aae/aneei aaee/eai ia?aaeeaaiey e naiae
caiiie iieiie?iaiinoueth, aeeciaiiie neeie.
Yoa caiiay, aeeciaooaa?aeaeathuay noeoey ia auea /oaeaea aa?i/iie
neoeueioo?a Aa?iaiee yoie yiioe, oioy iia e oyaioaea i?aaeaea anaai e
ae?aiaoe/aneie yiioeeiiaeueiie noa?a.
Ia ?oaaaea XVII — XVIII aaeia a neoeueioo?iie aeayoaeueiinoe A.
Oethoa?a, oe?ieie ii oaiaoe/aneiio e yiioeeiiaeueiiio aeeaiaciio
(iiioiaioaeueiay neoeueioo?a, ii?o?ao, iaaea?iaey, ?aeueaou),
ooaa?aeaeaaony iaoeeiiaeueii-naiiauoiay eeiey ?acaeoey iaiaoeeie
aa?i/iie ieanoeee. Oai?/anoai Oethoa?a ciaiaioao ia/aei iiaeuaia
ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u Aa?iaiee, aic?iaeaeaiea aa iaoeeiiaeueiie
oeieu.
AENIIAEE
Ia ana eneonnoaa ia?aaeeee noieue aeanoyuee ?anoeaao a XVII aaea;
oae, aeaei?aoeaiay neoeueioo?a yaii eiaea aieueoa oniaoa, /ai
noaieiaay, i?eoea a oiaaeie a?aath?a ia aea?aaa, auoaniaiiay ioi?oii e
?acoeiaie a?aath?ie ia iaaee. Ii a oeaeii ii?aceoaeueiu ?anoe?aiea
e?oaici?a, iaiaauaiea noa?uo aeai?ia, aicieeiiaaiea aiauo e – aiai?y
oe?a – iaiau/aeii eioaineaiay ooaeiaeanoaaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue. A
Aa?iaiee aicieeee iaeaieaa aaee/anoaaiiua e oeaeueiua a?oeoaeoo?iua
ainaiaee, a iniiaiii nicaeaaaaiua a iiae?aaeaiea Aa?naeth, eae
«Aa?naeueneee aeai?aoe» a Iionaeaia, Oa??aioaocaia e Ae?acaeaia n
a?aiaeeiciuie ia?eaie e neoeueioo?iuie eiiiiceoeeyie.
Ooaeiaeanoaaiiay aeeciue a Aa?iaiee, caoeooay auei a XVII aaea
ec-ca O?eaeoeaoeeaoiae aieiu, aiiaue iaeeaeeanue a 1660-1680 aiaeao e
/?acau/aeii aeoeaii ?acaeaaeanue ia i?ioyaeaiee anaai XVIII aaea.
Iaiaoeeea ooaeiaeieee XVII aaea noaiiaeeenue naiaai ?iaea i?i?ieaie a
/oaeii ioa/anoaa. A naiie aea Aa?iaiee iaoeeiiaeueiua oaeaiou ia
oeaieee e ia iiaeaea?aeeaaee, ooaeiaeiee iaoiaeeeny a oieceoaeueiii,
caaeneiii iieiaeaiee. Oai aieaa aeinoiei aieiaiey oio oaeo, /oi
aeeaiienaoe E. oii Caiae?a?o (1609-1684) aeeth/ee a naith «Iaiaoeeoth
Aeaaeaieth ciae/anoaa, aayiey e aeeaiiene» (1675) – eieao, eioi?ay
auea ia?aie iiiuoeie nenoaiaoe/aneiai eceiaeaiey enoi?ee ie?iaiai
eneonnoaa, – eneonnoai Aa?iaiee e aeia?aoee iaiaoeeeo ianoa?ia. Yoi
naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaei i i?iaoaeaeaiee iaoeeiiaeueiiai niciaiey a
iaiaoeeie ooaeiaeanoaaiiia n?aaea.
IINEEAIIss IA AEEI?ENOAIO E?OA?AOO?O
ue “100 aaeeeeo ea?oei”, Iineaa,Aa/a, 2000,509 no?.
ue http://gerpicturesque.mail
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