2
Ieienoa?noai ia?aciaaiey e iaoee ?O
Oaaea?aeueiia aaaionoai ii ia?aciaaieth
AIO AII
«Oiaieueneee ainoaea?noaaiiue iaaeaaiae/aneee
einoeooo ei. Ae. E.Iaiaeaeaaaa».
Eo?niaay ?aaioa
Oaia: « Ioaeneea iaeaiiie/aneea eiaia XVII aaea a. Oiaieuenea»
Auiieiee (a):
Nooaeaioea 32 a?oiiu
Oo?iaaaa Aeaia Aeeoi?iaia
I?iaa?ee (a):
e.o.i., aeioeaio Auo?unothe I.N.
Oiaieuene
2008
NIAeA?AEAIEA
Aaaaeaiea
AEAAA I. ECO*AIEA I?E?IAeU AIO?IIIIEIEEE E Naiaioe/aneeO oeiIA
aio?iiiieiia IA AACA OIAIEUeNEEO IAIssOIEEIA XVII AAEA
1.1. Aio?iiiieieea eae iauaeo enneaaeiaaiey
1.2. Oeiu aio?iiiieiia ii naiaioeea
1.3. Iauay oa?aeoa?enoeea enoi/ieeia
AEAAA II. NO?OEOO?A E NAIAIOEEA IOAENEEO IAEAIIIE*ANEEO EIAI XVII AAEA
A. OIAIEUeNEA
2.1. Naiaioeea ioaeneeo iaeaiiie/aneeo ei?i
2.2. Aa?eaoeaiinoue ioaeneeo iaeaiiie/aneeo ei?i
Caeeth/aiea
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
I?eeiaeaiea
AAAAeAIEA
Aio?iiiieiu caieiatho iaiaeiaaaeiia ianoi a ycuea. Enoi?ey ?onneie
aio?iiiieiee ei?iyie ooiaeeo a aeae?eia i?ioeia e naiui oaniui ia?acii
naycaia n enoi?eae ?onneiai ia?iaea e aai ycuea. Aio?iiiieieea, a naith
i/a?aaeue, iiiiaaao ainnoaiiaeoue eoeueoo?ii-enoi?e/aneee oii no?aiu
oiai eee eiiai a?aiaie.
Aeooaeueiinoue aua?aiiie iaie oaiu iauyniyaony oai, /oi iaeaiiie/aneea
ioaeneea eiaia ai?iaea Oiaieuenea eco/aiu iaei. Yoei iie e
i?aaenoaaeytho niaie iniaue eioa?an aeey ethaeae.
Oeaeue ?aaiou – aiaeec ?onneeo aio?iiiieiia n oi/ee c?aiey
i?ienoiaeaeaiey e no?oeoo?u, a oaeaea auyaeaiey iaee/ey ioaeneeo
iaeaiiie/aneeo ei?i a caaeneiinoe io iiea, noaoona, i?ienoiaeaeaiey
/aeiaaea.
Noi?ioee?iaaiiay oeaeue o?aaoao ?aoaiey neaaeothueo caaea/:
1. Eco/eoue iaoa?eaeu enoi?e/aneiai oiiaea oeeeaea Oiaieueneiai
ainoaea?noaaiiiai a?oeaa Othiaineie iaeanoe.
2. Auienaoue ec aua?aiiuo enoi/ieeia ee/iua iaeaiiie/aneea ioaeneea iaia
aeeoaeae ai?iaea Oiaieuenea XVII aaea, a ninoaa eioi?uo aoiaeeee
i?icaeua.
3. I?iaiaeece?iaaoue aio?iiiieiu n oi/ee c?aiey i?ienoiaeaeaiey.
4. Aeaoue aiaeec aio?iiiieie/aneeo no?oeoo? ee/iuo ei?i, eiathueo a
naiae no?oeoo?a ?onneia io/anoai.
5. I?ineaaeeoue i?ioeann ia?aciaaiey ioaeneeo iaeaiiie/aneeo ei?i.
6. ?anniio?aoue aa?eaoeaiinoue iiauo ei?i a caaeneiinoe io noaoona
/aeiaaea e aai i?ienoiaeaeaiey.
I?e aiaeeca ioaeneeo iaeaiiie/aneeo ei?i iaie a ?aaioa auee
eniieueciaaiu neaaeothuea iaoiaeu:
– iaoiae oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie auai?ee: i?e nai?a iaoa?eaea;
– iienaoaeueiue: i?e iienaiee nia?aiiiai iaoa?eaea;
– niiinoaaeoaeueiue: i?e ninoaaeaiee ycueiauo oaeoia n aeaiiuie
?acee/iuo iaiyoieeia ec oiiaeia a. Oiaieuenea;
– eiee/anoaaiii-neiioiiaoe/aneee, iineieueeo a ?aaioa auyaeyaony
eiee/anoaaiiue ninoaa eco/aaiuo aio?iiiieiia n oi/ee c?aiey
i?ienoiaeaeaiey e no?oeoo?u;
A ?aaioa eniieueciaaiu neaaeothuea i?eaiu enneaaeiaaiey: iaaethaeaiea,
iienaiea, niiinoaaeaiea ycueiauo oaeoia, a oaeaea noaoenoe/aneay
iaoiaeeea.
Iauaeoii enneaaeiaaiey iineoaeeee neaaeothuea enoi/ieee: aeici?iay eieaa
1624 a.; ia?aieniay eieaa 1625 a.; nienie 1633 a.; ni?oiue nienie 1638
– 1691 aa.; ia?aieniua eieae iiiaoia, neoaeeoaeae e e?aiinoiuo
e?anoueyi Oiaieueneiai Aaaeaeneiai e ioaeneiai Ciaiaineiai iiianou?ae
XVII aaea, a oaeaea nienie iao/iie eeoa?aoo?u a eiee/anoaa 6 oooe;
neiaa?e e ni?aai/iay eeoa?aoo?a – 5 oooe.
I?aaeiao enneaaeiaaiey ninoaaeee ?onneea iaeaiiie/aneea eiaia. Aaco
enneaaeiaaiey ninoaaeee eiaia a eiee/anoaa 52 oooe.
Eo?niaay ?aaioa ninoieo ec aaaaeaiey, aeaoo aeaa, caeeth/aiey e nienea
eeoa?aoo?u, aeeth/athuaai oanoiaaeoeaoue iaeiaiiaaiee.
AEAAA I
ECO*AIEA I?E?IAeU AIO?IIIIEIEEE E Naiaioe/aneeO oeiIA aio?iiiieiia IA
AACA OIAIEUeNEEO IAIssOIEEIA XVII AAEA
1.1. Aio?iiiieieea eae iauaeo enneaaeiaaiey
Aieueoeinoai neia ycuea iaicia/aao iiiyoea, i?aaeiaou, yaeaiey e
naienoaa. Noie – yoi aiiaua noie, a ia eaeie-eeai eiie?aoiue; o?aaiaiea
– ethaia, caienaiiia a oao?aaee, e oi, eioi?ia iiea oieueei a iuneyo
o/?iiai e o.ae. Oaeiai ?iaea neiaa iacuaathony ia?eoeaoaeueiuie: eie
iacuaatho, ia?eoeatho ethaie i?aaeiao, aeaenoaea eee neiai ec iiiaeanoaa
iiaeiaiuo.
E?iia ia?eoeaoaeueiuo, a ycuea anoue eiaia nianoaaiiua, eioi?ua
iacuaatho eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua iauaeou. Yoi eiaia, io/anoaa, oaieeee
ethaeae (Naoa, Neaei?ia, Ieeieae Ieoaeeiae/), iacaaiey ai?iaeia, ?ae,
ic??, ii?ae, ai?, ianoiinoae (Iineaa, Aieaa, Iioa?ei, Eaaeac, Aeoae).
Nianoaaiiua eiaia yaeythony i?aaeiaoii ioaeaeueiie io?anee ycueiciaiey –
iiiianoeee. Iiiianoeea – iauay iao/iay aeenoeeieeia i nianoaaiiuo eiaiao
(io a?a/aneiai «onomastike» – eneonnoai aeaaaoue eiaia). Iia aeaeeony ia
aio?iiiieieeo e oiiiieieeo. Ii inoaiiaeiny iu ia aio?iiiieieea.
Aio?iiiieieea (a?a/. ‘/aeiaae’ + ‘eiy’) – ?acaeae iiiianoeee, eco/athuee
eiaia ethaeae (aio?iiiieiu); eo i?ienoiaeaeaiea, yaiethoeeth,
caeiiiia?iinoe eo ooieoeeiie?iaaiey. Aio?iiiieiii iacuaaaony ethaia eiy
nianoaaiiia, eioi?ui cia?ony /aeiaae: eiy ee/iia (Eaai, Ia?ey / Ia?uey,
Aaiy, Iaiy); io/anoai (Eaaiiae/ / Eaaiu/, Naaaeueaae/ / Naaaeuee/,
Eaaiiaia / Eaaiia); oaieeey (Eaaiia, Eaaiianeee, Eaaiianeeo); i?icaeua
(Oiiye, Eoaoeiiia ?uei, Oaoy Eioaaeue, Einieaiue); inaaaeiiei (Eaaoaeeee
Oeaieaea – I.Ai?ueeee, Eacae Eoaaineee – A.Aeaeue); eee/ee (Eiiyaa,
Eiaa).
Aio?iiiieieea au/eaieeanue ec iiiianoeee a 60-70-a aiaeu XX aaea. Aei
60-o aiaeia XX aaea aianoi oa?ieia «aio?iiiieieea» eniieueciaaeny oa?iei
«iiiianoeea». Yoa iaoea eco/aao eioi?iaoeeth, eioi?oth iiaeao ianoe eiy:
oa?aeoa?enoeeo /aeiaa/aneeo ea/anoa, naycue eeoea n iooeii, ?iaeii,
naiueae, eioi?iaoeeth i iaoeeiiaeueiinoe, ?iaea caiyoee, i?ienoiaeaeaiee
ec eaeie-eeai ianoiinoe, nineiaey, eanou.
Aio?iiiieieea eco/aao ooieoeee aio?iiiieia a ?a/e – iiieiaoeeth,
eaeaioeoeeaoeeth, aeeooa?aioeeaoeeth, niaio eiai, eioi?ay naycaia n
aic?anoii, eciaiaieai iauanoaaiiiai eee naiaeiiai iieiaeaiey, aeeciueth
n?aaee ethaeae ae?oaie iaoeeiiaeueiinoe, anooieaieai a oaeiua iauanoaa,
ia?aoiaeii a ae?oaoth aa?o, oaaoe?iaaieai e ae?.
?ac?aaioeie iniiaiuo aii?inia aio?iiiieiee caieiaeenue A.Ae.
Aiiaeaeaoia, I. A. Aaneaeia, N.E. Ceiei, TH.A. Ea?iaiei, A.I. Ieoaeeia,
A.A. ?aoi?iaoneee, A.I. Ii?ioeei, I.A. Iao?ianeee, A. I. Naeeuaa, A.A.
Noia?aineay, I.I. O?oaa/?a, I.I. Ooieeia, A.E. *e/aaia. Ioa/anoaaiiay
aio?iiiieieea a 1980-90-a aiaeu XX noieaoey iiiieieeanue ?aaioaie E.I.
Aaiaeeiie, I.A. Ai?aaiaaneiai, TH.A. Ea?iaiei, E. A. Ei?ie?aa, O.I.
Eiiae?aoueaaie, A.A. Ieeiiiaa, I.I. Ia?o?iiaie, I.A. Iiaeieueneie, A.I.
Oiaaaaoia, I.E. O?ieiaa.
A iineaaeiea aeanyoeeaoey ioa/anoaaiiuo o/?iuo eioa?anotho aii?inu
noaiiaeaiey ?aaeiiaeueiie aio?iiiieieee. Oieueei aaaaeaiea a iao/iue
iai?io iiiaeanoaa oaenoia ?acee/iuo oa??eoi?ee iaoae no?aiu,
aeeth/athueo cia/eoaeueiia eiee/anoai ee/iuo ei?i e oaieeee, iiiiaeao
i?aaenoaaeoue ?aaeueioth ea?oeio oi?ie?iaaiey aio?iiiieie/aneie nenoaiu
a oeaeii.
Niaoeeaeueii eco/athony iniaaiiinoe eiai a yiioo nioeeaeecia a neeo
aaaaeaieth a eaeaieiaeth iauanoaa iiauo iiiyoee, eioi?ua aeaee iniiao
iiaui eiaiai.
Eaaeaeue yoiin a eaaeaeoth yiioo eiaao naie aio?iiiieieeii – ?aano?
ee/iuo ei?i.
Ethaia neiai, eioi?ui eiaiiaaee /aeiaaea, ie?oaeathuea ia/eiaee
aini?eieiaoue eae aai ee/iia eiy, e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, ethaia neiai iiaei
noaoue eiaiai.
Ee/iua eiaia oiio?aaeythony ia oieueei a auoo, a /anoiuo ?acaiai?ao, ii
e a aeieoiaioao, a ?acee/iuo ioeoeeaeueiuo neooaoeeyo, a th?eaee/aneie
i?aeoeea, aaea iaeaeoay iaoi/iinoue a caiene aucuaaao oa eee eiua
iineaaenoaey.
Oaeei ia?acii, ee/iia eiy (a ae?aaia?onneii ycuea oaeaea – ?aeei,
iacaeua, i?icaeua, iacaaiea, i?icaaiea, i?ieiaiiaaiea) – yoi
niaoeeaeueiia neiai, neoaeauaa aeey iaicia/aiee ioaeaeueiiai /aeiaaea e
aeaiiia aio a eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii ii?yaeea aeey oiai, /oiau eiaoue
aiciiaeiinoue e iaio ia?auaoueny, a oaeaea aiai?eoue i i?i n ae?oaeie.
A oeaeii, iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi aio?iiiieieea – iaeei ec naiuo
eioa?aniaeoeo e aeoeaii eco/aaiuo ?acaeaeia ycueiciaiey iineaaeiaai
aeanyoeeaoey.
1.2. Oeiu aio?iiiieiia ii naiaioeea
Aio?iiiieiu – ee/iua eiaia ethaeae. Iie aeeth/atho a naay ee/iua eiaia,
oaieeee, iao?iieiu, eee/ee e eiatho nai? i?ienoiaeaeaiea, no?oeoo?o e
aa?eaoeaiinoue. Nouanoaoao neaaeothuea o?aaeeoeeiiii eniieuecoaiua
eiiiiiaiou ?onneiai aio?iiiieia, ec eioi?uo iiaoo neeaaeuaaoueny
?acee/iua iiaeaee eiaiiaaiey /aeiaaea:
1. Eiy – ee/iia eiy, aeaaaaiia i?e ?iaeaeaiee, iau/ii iaeii, ii a
ae?aaiinoe iiaei aeaaaoueny e ianeieueei ei?i. Eiaia ee/iua ethaee eiaee
ai ana a?aiaia ai anao oeeaeeecaoeeyo. O eaaeaeiai ia?iaea iie naycaiu n
aai eoeueoo?ie, auoii. Aeey oiai /oiau eaeia-eeai eiy iiyaeeinue o
aeaiiiai ia?iaea, iaiaoiaeeiu ii?aaeae?iiua eoeueoo?ii-enoi?e/aneea
oneiaey.
Ethaia neiai, eioi?ui eiaiiaaee /aeiaaea, ie?oaeathuea ia/eiaee
aini?eieiaoue eae aai ee/iia eiy, e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, ethaia neiai iiaei
noaoue eiaiai.
Oaeei ia?acii, ee/iia eiy – neiai, neoaeauaa aeey iaicia/aiey
ioaeaeueiiai /aeiaaea e aeaiiia aio a eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii ii?yaeea aeey
oiai, /oiau eiaoue aiciiaeiinoue e iaio ia?auaoueny, a oaeaea aiai?eoue
i i?i n ae?oaeie.
?ieue ee/iiai eiaie a aeecie /aeiaaea i/aiue aaeeea. Eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea
iiaeii iacaaoue ia eia/a eae ii eiaie, iiyoiio ana aai oi?ioea eee
ieioea iinooiee aeaeathony aeinoiyieai aeaniinoe aeaaiaea?y eiaie.
Ee/iua eiaia oiio?aaeythony ia oieueei a auoo, a /anoiuo ?acaiai?ao, ii
e a aeieoiaioao, a ?acee/iuo ioeoeeaeueiuo neooaoeeyo, a th?eaee/aneie
i?aeoeea, aaea iaeaeoay iaoi/iinoue a caiene aucuaaao oa eee eiua
iineaaenoaey. Iie iiaoo auoue iiaeiuie eee, iai?ioea, ia i?eieiaoueny
iauanoaii.
Ioeoeeaeueiia ?onneia eiaiiaaiea o?eaaeeii: aai ninoaaeytho eiy,
io/anoai e oaieeey. Iai?eia?, E.I. Iaaeia, I.E. *aeeianeee. Eiaiiaaiea
ii eiaie e io/anoao iieacuaaao aaaeeeaia ioiioaiea e eiaioaiiio eeoeo,
aeeth/aao aeaeaiea iiae/a?eiooue oaaaeaiea e iaio.
2. Oiaiueoeoaeueiia (aeiiei?enoe/aneia) eiy — iaioeoeeaeueiay oi?ia
eiaie, ia?acoaiay io ee/iiai i?e iiiiue oao eee eiuo noooeenia eee
ona/aiey (Ia?ey — Iaoa — Iaoea — Iaiy — Iony e o. i., Aeaenaiae? — Naoa
— Naoo?a — Oo?a; Ieeieae — Eiey — Eiethnee — Ieea e o. i.). A iiaia
a?aiy iiaeiaiua ia?aciaaiey, a?aie/auea n i?icaeuaie, i?iecaiaeyony e io
oaieeee (Eeneia — Eeneue, Iaiia — Iai), /oi i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
i?ioeann, enoi?e/anee ia?aoiue ia?aciaaieth oaieeee.
3. Io/anoai — iao?iiei, oeacaiea ia eiy iooea. Eiaao ieii/aiea -(a)e/,
-(a)ia; a ae?aaiinoe oaeaea -ia, -ei aiaeiae/ii nia?aiaiiui oaieeeyi (a
aieaa?neii ycuea yoi nio?aieeinue). Io/anoai a ninoaaa eiaiiie oi?ioeu
auiieiyei o?ieioth ooieoeeth: aeiiieiyei eiy, ioee/ay aai iaeaaeaoaey (a
aeiiieiaiea e oaieeee) io o?cee, i?iyniyei ?iaenoai a e?oao naiuee
(ioaoe — nui) e au?aaeaei ii/oaiea (oi?ia aaaeeeainoe).
Iaeiaei, oi?iu io/anoaa ia -ia/-aa oiio?aaeyeenue eeoue a eaioeaey?neie
?a/e, a ioeoeeaeueiuo aeieoiaioao. A iaioeoeeaeueiuo aea neooaoeeyo, a
auoo, ?onneea ethaee eiaiiaaee ae?oa ae?oaa e ii eiaiai e io/anoaai a
oaeie oi?ia, eioi?ay i?eau/ia iai oaia?ue: aaee/aiea ia -iae/, -aae/,
-iaia, -aaia, -e/, -eie/ia ia ia?aie/eaaeinue. Eiiaaea iii
eniieueciaaeinue aeaaea aianoi eiaie (eae eiiaaea e nae/an), eiaaea
aiai?yuee oioae iiae/a?eiooue iniaia oaaaeaiea e /aeiaaeo, aueacaoue
iooaiie ?aniieiaeaiey, ethaae.
4. Oaieeey — ianeaaeoaony ec iieieaiey a iieieaiea ii ioaeneie eeiee.
Iau/ii eneiiiay ?onneay oaieeey caeai/eaaaony ia -ia/-aa (io iniia
aoi?iai neeiiaiey: Iao?ia, Eiiaa) eee -ei (io iniia ia?aiai neeiiaiey:
Oiiei, Eioeei); ?aaea -ee/-ie (?iaeaeanoaaineee, Naaeianeie); -uo
(Iao?iauo); iaiaa oa?aeoa?iu aeey ?onneeo (a ioee/ea io ae?oaeo
ainoi/iuo neaayi) oaieeee n ioeaaui ieii/aieai (Aia??, Ai?iaae e o. i.).
Oaieeey yaeyaony iaeaieaa iicaeiei ii a?aiaie aicieeiiaaiey yeaiaioii
iaeiaiiaaiey ?onneeo ethaeae. Naii neiai oaieeey aioei a ?onneee ycue
ioiineoaeueii iicaeii. Iii i?ienoiaeeo io eaoeineiai neiaa «oaieeea» –
naiuey. A ?onneii ycuea eiiaaea oiio?aaeytho yoi neiai n oai aea
cia/aieai: oaieeueiua ?aeeeaee, oaieeueiia na?aa?i, o.a. ecaeaaia
iaoiaeeaoaany ai aeaaeaiee aeaiiie naiuee.
A au?aaeaiee «ia iici?ue iaoo oaieeeth» iiae?acoiaaaaony ia oieueei
naiuey, ii e naiaeiia eiy. Ii iniiaiia iacia/aiea neiaa «oaieeey» a
?onneii ycuea – iaicia/eoue niaoeeaeueiia naiaeiia eiy, eioi?ui cia?ony
any naiuey: AEo?aae?au, Caeoeaau, Eo?ieeiau, Iaua?neea e o.ae.
Neiai «oaieeey» o ?onneeo iiyaeyaony a Iao?ianeoth yiioo nia/aea eae
iaicia/aiea naiuee eee aeaiu, eeoue iicaea – a cia/aiee ‘naiaeiia eiy’.
Iaeiaei oaieeee eae yeaiaio eiaiiaaiey ?onneeo ethaeae nouanoaiaaee e
?aiueoa, ii iacuaaeenue iie i?icaeuaie, i?icaaieyie. A yoii aea cia/aiee
eiiaaea oiio?aaeyeinue neiai «iacaeua». Oi, /oi oaia?ue iacuaaaony
oaieeeae, a i?ioeii iacuaaeinue naiaeiui i?icaaieai. Naiuee auee
aieueoea, e a ea/anoaa eiaiiaaiey anae naiuee enoiaeiui auei eiy aeaau
naiuee eee ?iaeiia/aeueieea: Eocueia Iaeneiia nui Aaeyaa, o.a. Eocueia,
nui Iaeneia Aaeyaaa; Iaenei – aeaaa naiuee, Aaeye – ?iaeiia/aeueiee. A
iaoe aeie oaieeee, ano?a/athueany o ?onneiai ianaeaiey, ?aciiia?aciu.
5. I?icaeua — eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia iaeiaiiaaiea, eioi?ia aea?ony ia i?e
?iaeaeaiee e naycaii n oaie eee eiuie oa?aeoa?iuie iniaaiiinoyie eee
niauoeyie. Aeey ae?aaieo a?ai?i oa?aeoa?ii aanueia onoie/eaia e ii/oe
ioeoeeaeueiia oiio?aaeaiea iiiaeo i?icaeu (iai?eia?, Eaai Eaeeoa,
Aaneeee Aneoiae/ Iin — iiaai?iaeneee iinaaeiee), ii e nae/an i?icaeua
iaoi?iaeueii oe?iei eniieuecothony, iniaaiii a iieiae?aeiuo nioeeaeueiuo
a?oiiao, aaea iiaoo aunooiaoue eae oaeoe/anee iniiaiia n?aaenoai
iiieiaoeee /aeiaaea.
A ioee/ea io ei?i i?icaeua anaaaea io?aaeatho ia aeaeaoaeueiua, a
?aaeueiua naienoaa e ea/anoaa, oa??eoi?eaeueiia eee yoie/aneia
i?ienoiaeaeaiea, ianoi i?iaeeaaiey eo iineoaeae e iaicia/atho, oaeei
ia?acii, iniaue niune, eioi?ue eiaee yoe naienoaa e ea/anoaa aeey
ie?oaeathueo. I?icaeua aeaaaeenue ethaeyi a ?aciua ia?eiaeu eo aeecie e
iau/ii auee ecaanoiu aeiaieueii ia?aie/aiiiio e?oao ethaeae.
Ii ia neaaeoao iooaoue i?icaeua e ycu/aneea ae?aaia?onneea eiaia. Oioy
aeaeaei ia anaaaea iaaeaeo ieie i?ioiaeeo /?oeia ?acee/ea. Yoi naycaii,
a /anoiinoe, n iau/aai aeaaaoue aeaoyi eiaia, ia?aciaaiiua io iacaaiee
aeeaioiuo, ?anoaiee, oeaiae e ae?oaeo i?aaeiaoia, yoiiieiia, «caueoiua»
eiaia.
Yoii?ieiu (io a?a/. Yeiio — ieaiy, ia?iae e ueioia — eiy, iacaaiea) —
iacaaiey iaoeee, ia?iaeia, ia?iaeiinoae, ieai?i, ieaiaiiuo nithcia,
?iaeia e ae?. yoie/aneeo iauiinoae (yoiinia).
Iinea XVII a. i?icaeua a ?innee oaea i?aeoe/anee ia nio?aieeenue.
Eiee/anoai ae?aaieo ycu/aneeo neaayineeo e neaiaeeiaaneeo eiai
nieceeinue ia ii?yaeie. Oai ia iaiaa, e a ianoiyuee iiiaio ethaee iiaoo
iieo/eoue iieoioeoeeaeueiia i?icaeua, eeai i?eaeoiaoue aai naaa naie.
Eiiaaea i?icaeua e a iaoe aeie eniieuecoaony ioeoeeaeueii, iai?eia?
Aeaenaiae? Iaie?aoia-Aaeue e Aeaenaiae? Iaie?aoia-*??iue.
Ii inoaiiaeiny aieaa iiae?iaiaa ia eiaiao. I?aaeaea anaai, eiaia
aeaeyony ia aeaineea e ioaeneea. Ii ae?oaie eeanneoeeaoeee iie aeaeyony
ia eaiiie/aneea e iaeaiiie/aneea, o.a. i?eiyoua oea?eiaueth e ia
i?eiyoua.
Iaeaiiie/aneea eiaia ia yaeythony i?eiyouie oea?eiaueth. Ii
i?aaenoaaeytho niaie ia?iiiue eioa?an. Iie auee nicaeaiu iinea
Ieoya?ueneie ?aaiethoeee. Yoei iauanoai iuoaeinue iieii/eoue ni noa?ie
aeeciueth e nicaeaoue an? iiaia, a oii /enea e eiaia.
Eiaia ?ane?uaatho aiaaonoai ?onneiai ia?iaeiiai ycuea, iieacuaatho
oe?ioo oaioacee, iaaethaeaoaeueiinoue e niaoeeainoue ?onneiai /aeiaaea,
aai aeia?ioo e iaueoaeueiinoue, ii?ie a?oaiaaooth i?inoioo e
ycaeoaeueiinoue, eiaaea aeaei eanaaony i?aanoaaiiuo ii?ieia eee
oece/aneeo iaaeinoaoeia.
I?eia?ii iaeaiiie/aneeo ei?i iiaoo neoaeeoue oaeea eiaia eae: Aaeaioo,
Aaeye, Aacniiea, Aaniooea, Aiaieai, Aacniiu, Aoi?ooea, Aeaaeuo, Aaeea,
Aoeye, AEaeai, Eina?ue, E?aaeaiue, E?eeoi, E?o/eia, Ethaei, Iaiueoie,
Iie/ai, Iaoniieie, Iaono?ie, Ia?aie, Iiaeeeaeea, Iiniee (e Iinoiee),
I?iaeaiaoe, Naiaeea, Naiie (Naaeueiie), Nie?iie, Oiieei, Ooae, Oanoaeu,
Oe?ye.
Iaeaiiie/aneeie eiaiaie iacuaaee aeaoae au? ia ?one a /anoue aeaaeia e
iooeia, a nayce n aaaeiuie niauoeyie (Ai?ioeneaa), i?e?iaeiuie yaeaieyie
(Ii?ic), a?aiaiaie nooie (Noii?ie, Ca?y). Oiiieiaeenue e «?uauee»
ioaeneea eiaia oi?aiauo ethaeae (??o Aeneiooia, Nii Eaaiiae/, Ea?anue
Iao?iae/). Nouanoaiaaee «caa?eiua», «ioe/uee», «aioaie/aneea» eiaia
(Cayoe Eaiioueaa nui Aaeiaeia, Oiiye, ?uiaeei, Nieiaaoe Aeeca?ueaa, I?ao
Eiaeiia, Ai?u (aioaa iai?iaeiuo ?anoaiee) Eiiae?aoueaa).
Oaeea eiaia ii naiae nooe, yaeythony eioa?aniuie e iaiau/iuie. A iaoa
a?aiy iie a eaeie-oi noaiaie aioee a ninoaa oaieeee.
1.3. Iauay oa?aeoa?enoeea enoi/ieeia
A ?aaioa eniieueciaaeenue ?oeiieniua e ia/aoiua iaiyoieee aeaeiaiai
niaea?aeaiey XVII a., o?aiyueany a oeeeaea Oiaieueneiai
ainoaea?noaaiiiai a?oeaa Othiaineie iaeanoe. Aeey aiaeeca auee acyou
neaaeothuea enoi/ieee:
I. Aeici?iay eieaa 1624 a.;
II. Ia?aieniay eieaa 1625-1626 aa.;
III. A?aeiiinoue (iiaeai?iue nienie) 1633 a.;
IV. Niaoiua nienee 1638-1691 aa.;
V. Nienee iiiaoia e e?aiinoiuo e?anoueyi Oiaieueneiai Aaaeaeneiai
i?eoiaea e ioaeneiai Ciaiaineiai iiianou?y.
Ia?aua /aou?a iaiyoieea i?aaenoaaeytho niaie o?e ia/aoiuo eieae, noeoua
a iaeio aieueooth eieao e i?aaenoaaeythuea niaie ia?aienue ianaeaiey
ai?iaea.
Iniaoth oeaiiinoue eiatho ?oeiieniua iaiyoieee ienueiaiiinoe: «Nienee
iiiaoia e e?aiinoiuo e?anoueyi Oiaieueneiai Aaaeaeneiai i?eoiaea e
ioaeneiai Ciaiaineiai iiianou?ae».
?aaiou i?aaenoaaeytho niaie aieueoea ?oeiieniua eieae iau?iii aieaa
ouny/e no?aieoe. Eieae i?aaenoaaeytho niaie nia?aiea nieneia, ?aano?ia,
iienae n oaieeeyie eoioeia, oi?aiaoeaa ?aciiai ?aiaa, a oaeaea iiiaoia e
e?aiinoiuo e?anoueyi – aeeoaeae ai?iaea Oiaieuenea XVII aaea.
Aiaeece?oaiua aeieoiaiou – yoi oaenou aeaeiaiai oa?aeoa?a, ?ieue eioi?uo
a oi?ie?iaaiee ii?i iaoeeiiaeueiiai ?onneiai ycuea auea aaeaa ee ia
ii?aaeaeythuae.
Auai? enoi/ieeia iioeae?iaai oai, /oi eiaiii aeaeiaie ycue niinianoaiaae
aoiaeaeaieth a ?onneee eeoa?aoo?iue ycue neia, iai?ioia ?a/e, a oii
/enea oi?ioe ee/iiai eiaiiaaiey. Yoa ?aoathuay ?ieue io?aceeanue ia
oi?ie?iaaiee oaieeee eae eieaeiuo, ioeoeeaeueiuo eiai eaeaioeoeeaoeee
ee/iinoe.
I?eaeiaeueiua ?oeiieniua iaoa?eaeu ec a?oeaa a. Oiaieuenea iicaieytho
iaaethaeaoue ?acee/iua yoaiu i?ioeanna oi?ie?iaaiey ei?i e oaieeee,
niioonoaothuoth yoiio i?ioeanno aa?eaioiinoue ia i?oia?aoe/aneii,
oiiaoe/aneii, neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiii, ii?oaiiii o?iaiyo. Enneaaeoaiua
enoi/ieee aeatho naaaeee iaoa?eae ii iaeco/aiiie i?iaeaia – aeaieiiai
eiaiiaaiey ii oi?ioea eiaiiaaiey ioae/ei, ii iniaaiiinoyi
iao?iieie/aneie i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe (ia iooeo, ii ?iaenoaaiieeo ii ioaeneie
eeiee).
AEAAA II
NO?OEOO?A E NAIAIOEEA IOAENEEO IAEAIIIE*ANEEO EIAI XVII AAEA A.
OIAIEUeNEA
2.1. Naiaioeea ioaeneeo iaeaiiie/aneeo ei?i
Iacaaoue /aeiaaea, aeaoue aio eiy, i?aiaeieaoue oaioe/aneoth oaeo/anoue
aeecie – cia/eo naeaeaoue ie? iniuneaiiui.
A.O. Einaa
Eiy – ee/iia iacaaiea /aeiaaea, aeaaaaiia i?e ?iaeaeaiee, /anoi aiiaua
ee/iia iacaaiea aeeaiai nouanoaa. Eiaia ano?a/athony ioaeneea, aeaineea,
eaiiie/aneea e iaeaiiie/aneea.
Eiaaea aiai?yo, /oi eiy ia eiaao cia/aiey, oi eiatho a aeaeo, /oi iii
ia iaicia/aao eeanna i?aaeiaoia, a iacuaaao (eiaioao) oieueei iaeei
i?aaeiao, eiaiii oio, eioi?ue iacuaaaony – ia?aeaaony aeaiiui eiaiai.
Ninoaa iaeaeaiaea?iuo eiai yaeyaony iaiaeii?iaeiui. I?e/?i ioaeneea
eiaia oiai a?aiaie i?aauoaee eiee/anoai aeaineeo ei?i a 2 ?aca.
Iaeaeaiaea?iua i?icaeuiua eiaia aieueoa i?aaenoaaeaiu a
aio?iiiieie/aneie nenoaia neae?neeo eaoiienae. Iaeiie ec i?e/ei,
niinianoaothueo oi?ie?iaaieth aieueoaai eiee/anoaa i?icaeuiuo eiai,
yaeyaony iacia/eoaeueiue iauai a?oiiu aioo?enaiaeiuo iaeaeaiaea?iuo
ee/iuo eiai e aicieeoay a nayce n yoei iaeiieiaiiinoue.
A ae?aaiaeoea a?aiaia /aeiaae aini?eieiae naay eae /anoeoeo Anaeaiiie e
iuoaeny iaeoe a iae naia ianoi. Ethaee aa?eee a naia i?ienoiaeaeaiea io
?anoaiee, aeeaioiuo, noeoeeiuo yaeaiee, e yoi io?aceeinue ia eo eiaiao.
Ae?aaiaeoea nenoaiu ee/iuo eiai aace?iaaeenue ia naiaioe/aneii
i?eioeeia, e aeey eiaiiaaiey ?iaenoaaiieeia eniieueciaaeenue neiaa,
iaicia/athuea iaeie e oa aea eee aeeceea iiiyoey. Neaaeu ae?aaia?onneie
aio?iiiieie/aneie nenoaiu i?iniao?eaathony a aeieoiaioao 14–17 aa.
Niaoiua nienee, aaaeiiinoe e ia?aieniua eieae a. Oiaieuenea XVII
i?aaenoaaeytho iaiiiai/eneaiioth, ii i?no?oth iaeeo?o ie?neeo ee/iuo
ei?i, oa?aeoa?ecothueo ?acee/iua noi?iiu aeecie:
1. Aiaoiea i?eciaee ?aa?iea: *a?iuo, *a?iaaea, Aae, Aaeye, Aaeye,
Aaeie, Aaeooa e ae?. – yoi iaeioi?ua ec ei?i, naycaiiuo n oeaaoii aiein
e eiaee; auee eiaia, i?enaaeaaaiua e ii ae?oaei aiaoiei i?eciaeai –
?inoo, iniaaiiinoyi oaeineiaeaiey: Aaniaeie, Aieiaa, Aoaa (n cay/ueae
aoaie), Iae, Iaeie, e o.ae.
2. E?iia ei?i, aeaaaaoeony ii aiaoiaio aeaeo, auee oaeea, eioi?ua
i?enaaeaaeenue a caaeneiinoe io oa?aeoa?a e iiaaaeaiey ?aa?iea: Aannii,
Aoeaae (aaniieieiue), Caaaaa, Enoiia, Iie/ai, Iaoeuaa, Ianiayia,
Iaeaeai, Niayia, Nie?iie.
3. Aioo?aiiea ea/anoaa: Aacniiea, Aacniiu, Aaniooea, Ieaena.
4. Ii?yaeie i?e n/?oa ?iaeaeaiey ?aa?iea: Iaeeiaoe, Ia?aa, Aoi?ae,
O?aoueye, Oanoae, Aeaayoei.
5. Au?aaeaiea ioiioaiey iaeeaeaiey e iaiaeeaeaiiinoe ii ioiioaieth e
?iaeaeaieth ?aa?iea, /oanoaa ?iaeeoaeae e ?iaeeaoaiony ?aa?ieo: Aaaeai
(aeaeaiiue, ieeue), Aiaaeai e Aiaaeaia, AEaeai e Iaaeaeai, Ethaei,
Iiniaeea, Iiaeeeaeea.
6. Ianoiyoaeuenoai e a?aiy iiyaeaiey ?aa?iea a naiuea: E?aaeaiue,
Iiaeeeaeei.
7. Annioeeaoeey n i?aaeiaoaie ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, a oii /enea eiaia,
naycaiiua n aeeaioiuie e ?anoeoaeueiui ie?ii: Aaoea, AEa?aaaoe e ae?.
8. Annioeeaoeey n i?aaeiaoaie auoa: Oeeei, Uaieuaa.
9. Ie?iiuouaiey, ioiioaiea e aeecie ?iaeeoaeae: Aoeye, Ae?oaeeiea,
Ethaeiu, Iaono?ie, Naiaeea, Oe?ye.
Iiieii yoiai auee eiaia e ae?oaiai ii?yaeea. Iie ainoiaeeee e ae?aaiei
iiaa?ueyi. Yoi «ieioea» eiaia, eioi?ua yeiau niiniaiu auee ioa?auaoue
ceuo aeooia, aieacie, nia?oue: Ai?yei, Ceiaa, Iae?an, Iaethaa, Iaiee,
Iaono?ie.
Ii eiaiai iiaeii ociaoue i ninaaeyo, n eioi?uie aeeee ?onneea: Ea?ae,
Eica?ei (oaca?ei), Iioiiai (i/aaeaeii, oo?ie – iooiiai), Oaoa?ei,
*oaeei (i?aaenoaaeoaeue oeiii-oai?neiai ieaiaie /oaeue) e ae?oaea.
Eiaia aeaaaeenue e ii iauanoaaiiiio iieiaeaieth – Aa?uoiee, Eiycue,
Eociaoe.
Iiiaeanoai i?icaaiee aeaaaeinue ii ioaeaeueiui iiaiaeai e neo/ayi,
onoaiiaeoue eioi?ua ia i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui, ae?oaea iiaoo auoue
i?eienaiu ?ai?neai. Iai?eia?, Aeoei, Eiaeea, Ooaa e o.ae. Ai iiiaeo
neo/ayo eiy-i?icaeua aeaaaeinue aia caaeneiinoe io aai i?yiiai niunea.
Oaea a ae?aaiea a?aiaia aeaoae iacuaaee oaeeie eiaiaie, eae: Ia?aa e
Ia?aie, Aoi?ie, Aoi?ae, O?aoueye (iaeii ec naiuo ?ani?ino?ai?iiuo ei?i),
*aoaa?oae, Iyoie e Iyoae, Oanoie e Oanoae, Naiie e Naiae, Inueiie e
Inueiae, Aeaayoie e Aeaayoei, Aeanyoie. Eae nia?aiaiiua ee/iua eiaia ie
iaeii ec ieo ia ca?aaeno?e?iaaii, a noa?ua eaeaiaea?iua /eneiaua
caeinoaiaaiiua eiaia ec?aaeea ano?a/athony e oaia?ue: I?ei, Ieoaaee e
Ieoaaey.
Iiiaea eiaia, aeaiiua a aeaonoaa, inoaaaeenue o ethaeae anth eo aeeciue.
N?aaee ae?aaia?onneeo ei?i auee oaeea, eioi?ua aeioee aei iaoeo aeiae:
Aaaeei, Anaaieiae, – ae?oaea, aeieaia a?aiy caauoua, iuia
aic?iaeaeathony: Aeia?uiy, AEaeai, Ethaaaa, Anaaieiae.
Ec ianeieueeeo ouny/ ae?aaia?onneeo naiiauoiuo ei?i, nicaeaiiuo ia
iniiaa ?onneie e neaayineie auoiaie eaeneee, oe?iei
?ani?ino?ai?iiuo auei anaai ianeieueei aeanyoeia. N?aaee ieo Aannii,
Aoeaae, Ao?ie, Aue, Aieiaa, Ai?yei, Aoaa, Ae?oaeeia, E?aniie, Eo?aao,
Ethaei, Iie/ai, Iaeethae, Iae?an, ?onei, Oienoie, *a?iie, ss?aoe.
Caeanue iaeeoei ii/oe ana ?ac?yaeu naiiauoiuo ei?i, aeaiiuo ii aiaoiaio
aeaeo eiaioaiiai, iiaaaeaieth, io?aiiua, iiaeaeaoaeueiua, «/eneiaua» e
o.i.
A XVI aaea ec-ca oe?ieie ?ani?ino?ai?iiinoe yoeo ei?i auee nicaeaiu
?acee/iua aeiiieieoaeueiua e iei oi?iu – nie?au?iiua, oiaiueoeoaeueiua,
eaneaoaeueiua, eioi?uie auei aioo?e naiuee oaeiaiaa iieueciaaoueny, /ai
iieiuie. Ii an? aea i?aiaeaaeathuae /anoueth auee eiaia eaiiie/aneea.
Yoio caeeth/aiea iu auianee iinea aiaeeca oaeeo enoi/ieeia eae Aeici?iay
eieaa 1624 a.; ia?aieniay eieaa 1625 a.; nienie 1633 a.; ni?oiue nienie
1638 – 1691 aa.; eieae iiiaoia, neoaeeoaeae e e?aiinoiuo e?anoueyi
Oiaieueneiai Aaaeaeneiai e ioaeneiai Ciaiaineiai iiianou?ae XVII aaea.
Oaeei ia?acii, iu iiaeai naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi iaeaiiie/aneea eiaia
eiaee ae?aaiaa i?ienoiaeaeaiea e nouanoaiaaee ia i?ioyaeaiee iiiaeo
aaeia aieioue aei Ieoya?ueneie ?aaiethoeee.
2.2. Aa?eaoeaiinoue ioaeneeo iaeaiiie/aneeo ei?i
A aio?iiiieieea aei neo ii? inoa?ony aeooaeueiui aii?in i nouiinoe
iao?enoeaineeo ei?i.
Enneaaeiaaoaee aio?iiiieiia ioia/atho, /oi a 17 aaea a oeaio?aeueiuo
ai?iaeao ?innee iao?enoeaineea ?onneea eiaia ano?a/athony /?acau/aeii
?aaeei. Iau/ii eie iacuaatho aeaoae a oao naiueyo, aaea auee neeueiu
o?aaeeoeee aeiiao?ianeeo ei?i. A aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa iie oiio?aaeyeenue
oieueei a ooieoeee iaioeoeeaeueiuo ei?i.
?aa?iie a yoii neo/aa eiae aeaa eiaie: a aeieoiaioao – ioeoeeaeueiia e a
aeiiaoiae ianoaiiaea – iaioeoeeaeueiia.
A aio?iiieiaee aei neo ii? inoa?ony aeooaeueiui aii?in i nouiinoe
iao?enoeaineeo ei?i.
Enneaaeiaaoaee aio?iiiieiia ioia/atho, /oi a XVII aaea a oeaio?aeueiuo
ai?iaeao ?innee iao?enoeaineea ?onneea eiaia ano?a/athony /?acau/aeii
?aaeei, iau/ii eie iacuaatho aeaoae a oao naiueyo, aaea auee neeueiu
o?aaeeoeee aeiiao?ianeeo ei?i. A aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa iie oiio?aaeyeenue
oieueei a ooieoeee iaioeoeeaeueiuo ei?i. A yoii neo/aa ?aa?iie eiae aeaa
eiaie: a aeieoiaioao – ioeoeeaeueiia e a aeiiaoiae ianoaiiaea –
iaioeoeeaeueiia.
Iaeaeaiaea?iua i?icaeuiua eiaia ano?a/athony /aua, /ai iaeaeaiaea?iua
aioo?enaiaeiua eiaia. Eo oiio?aaeaiea a ooieoeee ee/iuo eiai
iacia/eoaeueii.
A oaenoao neae?neeo eaoiienae aieaa anaai ioia/aii oiio?aaeaiea
i?icaeuiuo eiai ia aoi?ie iiceoeee a iiaeaeyo eiaiiaaiee eeoe eae
aunoaai neoaeeeiai nineiaey, oae e iecoaai.
Oaeea e ae?oaea ia?iaeiua aa?eaiou ?onneeo ei?i ii-?aciiio niioiinyony n
enoiaeiuie eaeaiaea?iuie eiaiaie. N?aaee noa?uo eaeaiaea?iuo ei?i anoue
oaeea, eioi?ua oiio?aaeyeenue oieueei a oi?ia ia?iaeiie, iai?eia?, eiy
Eaai eee eiy Ai?aeae aianoi Ai?aeee.
I?i aa?eaoeaiinoue ei?i aaia?ao e oiiiieieno i?ioeiai aaea A.A.
A?eai?ueaa ienae i eeiaaenoe/aneie «naiiaeayoaeueiinoe» ?onneiai
ia?iaea.
Aa?eaoeaiinoue aeeth/aao a naay:
1. Eciaiaiea ia/aeueiuo caoeia eiaie (Aaeai – Iaeaiei).
2. Iiouaiea ia/aeueiiai aeaniiai iniiau (Eneaei? – Neaei?ei, Eiaeei –
Aeei).
3. I?eaaaeaiea aeaniiai eee niaeaniiai (?aaea) caoeia a ia/aea eiaie
(Ecinei io Cinei, Ecio io Cio).
4. Iiyaeaiea anoaai/iuo caoeia a eiaie (Oeueyiei io Eoeeai, Oonoei io
Onoei).
5. Caiauaiea iaeieo caoeia ae?oaeie (Ee?nai io O?enaio, Eoi?eyi io
Eei?eyi).
6. Oiiaeiaeaiea aeaniuo caoeia a iniiaa eiaie (Eocueia io Eicueia).
7. ?aniiaeiaeaiea niaeaniuo (Ia?eoe – Ia?eo?ee).
8. Niya/aiea oa??aeuo niaeaniuo (Oe?? io Oei?, Naiueea io Neiaii).
9. Ioaa?aeaiea iyaeeo niaeaniuo (Ia?oui io Ia?oei, Nunie io Nenie).
Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeii neacaoue, /oi eiaia ii naiae nooe ninoaaeytho
i?no?oth iaeeo?o, a, neaaeiaaoaeueii, e aeaeyony ii naiei i?eciaeai ia
9 /anoae. A oaeaea ioaeneea eiaia aeeth/atho a naay aa?eaoeaiinoue, ii
eioi?ie iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue eaeea eiaia e e eaeie a?oiia i?eciaeia
ioiinyony.
No?oeoo?iue aiaeec ee/iuo eiai a. Oiaieuenea iieacuaaao ?aciiia?acioth
ea?oeio iaeii/eaiiuo, aeao/eaiiuo, o?ao/eaiiuo e /aou?ao/eaiiuo
eiaiiaaiee. Naiie /anoioiie i?aaenoaaeaia a?oiia aeao/eaiiuo
aio?iiiieiia, a?oiia o?ao/eaiiuo eiaiiaaiee iaei/eneaiia, /aou?ao/eaiiua
aea ee/iua eiaia a iaiyoieeao aeaeiaie ienueiaiiinoe XVII aaea a.
Oiaieuenea aaeeie/iu.
Ec ia?a/eneaiiuo eiai ianeiaeii i?ineaaeeoue i?ioeann nicaeaiey
i?iecaiaeiiai eiaie: ec aeaooiniiaiiai ionaeaaony aoi?ay /anoue e
i?eaaaeyaony noooeen eee ieii/aiea (-iaa, -ei, -oa, -oea, -oa, -yoa,
-iy, -ea). Iai?eia?, ss?eei, Oeueyiei, Aaniooea e ae?oaea. Anee eiy
eiaao iaeio iniiao, noooeen i?eaaaeyaony e iae: Nayoineaa:
Nayoi+oa=Nayoioa; ss?eei: ss?ee+ea.
*anoi a enoi/ieeao oiio?aaeythony oiaiueoeoaeueiua eee
i?aiaa?aaeeoaeueii-oie/eaeeoaeueiua oi?iu iaeaiiie/aneeo eiai.
Ainnoaiiaeoue ii iei iieioth oi?io eiaie aeiaieueii neiaeii. Iniaaiii
o?oaeii yoi naeaeaoue eiaaea ?a/ue eaeao ia iiioiie/aneeo (niaiaaeathueo
a i?ieciioaiee e iaienaiee) oi?iao ?acee/iuo eiai. A oaeeo neo/ayo
iaiieiia eiy iiaeao niioaaonoaiaaoue aeaoi eee ianeieueeei iieiui. A oi
aea a?aiy a enoi/ieea iiaoo ano?a/aoueny ?acee/iua aa?eaioiua oi?iu
iaeiiai eiaie (aeeiieiu).
CAEETH*AIEA
Aio?iiiieieea – iaeei ec naiuo eioa?aniaeoeo e aeoeaii eco/aaiuo
?acaeaeia ycueiciaiey iineaaeiaai aeanyoeeaoey. Iia aeeth/aao a naay
ee/iua eiaia, oaieeee, iao?iieiu, eee/ee. Eiaia aeaeyony ia aeaineea e
ioaeneea. Ii ae?oaie eeanneoeeaoeee iie aeaeyony ia eaiiie/aneea e
iaeaiiie/aneea, o.a. i?eiyoua oea?eiaueth e ia i?eiyoua.
Iaeaiiie/aneea eiaia i?aaenoaaeytho niaie ia?iiiue eioa?an. Iie
?ane?uaatho aiaaonoai ?onneiai ia?iaeiiai ycuea e eiatho nai?
i?ienoiaeaeaiea, no?oeoo?o e aa?eaoeaiinoue. I?ienoiaeaeaiea o ieo auei
ae?aaiei e nouanoaiaaee yoe eiaia ia i?ioyaeaiee iiiaeo aaeia aieioue
aei Ieoya?ueneie ?aaiethoeee.
Ii no?oeoo?a eiaia ?ani?aaeaeyeenue ii: aiaoiei i?eciaeai ?aa?iea, a
caaeneiinoe io oa?aeoa?a e iiaaaeaiey ?aa?iea, ii aioo?aiiei ea/anoaai,
ii n/?oo ?iaeaeaiey ?aa?iea, ii iaeeaeaieth e iaiaeeaeaiiinoe ii
ioiioaieth e ?iaeaeaieth ?aa?iea, ii /oanoaai ?iaeeoaeae e ?iaeeaoaiony
?aa?ieo, ii ianoiyoaeuenoao e a?aiaie iiyaeaiey ?aa?iea a naiuea, ii
annioeeaoeee n i?aaeiaoaie ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, a oii /enea eiaiaie,
naycaiiuie n aeeaioiuie e ?anoeoaeueiui ie?ii, ii annioeeaoeee n
i?aaeiaoaie auoa, ii a?aiaie ?iaeaeaiey, e ii ie?iiuouaieth, ioiioaieth
e aeecie ?iaeeoaeae.
Ii aa?eaoeaiinoe eiaia aeaeyony ia 9 i?eciaeia: eciaiaiea ia/aeueiuo
caoeia eiaie, iiouaiea ia/aeueiiai aeaniiai iniiau, i?eaaaeaiea aeaniiai
eee niaeaniiai (?aaea) caoeia a ia/aea eiaie, iiyaeaiea anoaai/iuo
caoeia a eiaie, caiauaiea iaeieo caoeia ae?oaeie, oiiaeiaeaiea aeaniuo
caoeia a iniiaa eiaie, ?aniiaeiaeaiea niaeaniuo, niya/aiea oa??aeuo
niaeaniuo, a oaeaea ioaa?aeaiea iyaeeo niaeaniuo.
Oaeei ia?acii, ioaeneea iaeaiiie/aneea eiaia – eiaia, eiathuea aiaaoia e
eioa?aniia i?ienoiaeaeaiea, a oaeaea i?eaeiaeueiinoue oaea oai, /oi iie
eiatho naith niaoeeoeeo, iacuaay aeeaioiuo, ioeoe, i?eciaee i?aaeiaoa.
NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U
I. Enoi/ieee:
1. Aeici?iay eieaa 1624 a.
2. Ia?aieniay eieaa 1625 a.
3. Nienie 1633 a.
4. Niaoiue nienie 168 – 1691 aa.
5. Ia?aieniua eieae iiiaoia, neoaeeoaeae e e?aiinoiuo e?anoueyi
Oiaieueneiai Aaaeaeneiai e ioaeneiai iiianou?ae XVII aaea.
6. Ia?aieniay eieaa 1698 a.
II. Nienie iao/iie eeoa?aoo?u:
1. Aeueoiai I.N. Ec enoi?ee ei?i, oaieeee e i?icaeu. A ei. I?iiaoae.
Enoi?eei-aeaeeia?aoe/aneee aeueiaiao na?ee AECE. – I., 1967. – O.2.
2. Aio?iiiieieea. Aeaeeia?aoe/aneee oeacaoaeue eeoa?aoo?u ia ?onneii
ycuea. Ninoaaeoaeue N.I. Ceiei. – Oaoeaio, 1968.
3. Aaeia A.E. E aii?ino i ae?aaia?onneeo iaeaeaiaea?iuo eiaiao //
«Yoiia?aoe/aneia iaic?aiea» – 1893. – ?3.
4. Aiiaeaeaoia A.Ae. Iiiianoeea e nioeeieeiaaenoeea. – I., 1970.
5. Eaaoei A.A. Eae auae?atho eiaia. – Ieine, 1980.
6. Ea?neee A.O. Neiaa?ue ae?aaia-?onneeo ee/iuo ei?i I.I. Ooieeiaa
«?onneee oeeieiae/aneee aanoiee», 1904, O.51.
7. Noneiaa A.A., Noia?aineay A.A. I ?onneeo eiaiao. – NIa, 1991.
III. Neiaa?e e ni?aai/iay eeoa?aoo?a:
1. Aoiaiiaa I.N. Neiaa?ue eeiaaenoe/aneeo oa?ieiia – I.: Nia.
Yioeeeeiiaaeey, 1966.
2. E?aoeee yoeiieiae/aneee neiaa?ue ?onneiai ycuea / I.I. Oaineee, A.A.
Eaaiia, O.A. Oaineay. – I.: I?inaauaiea, 1971.
3. Iao?ianeee I.A. Neiaa?ue ?onneeo ee/iuo ei?i. – I., 1980.
4. ?onneay iiiianoeea e iiiianoeea ?innee / Neiaa?ue iiae ?aae.
O?oaa/?aie I.I. – I., 1994.
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