Aii?inu e ca/aoo ii aeenoeeieeia
«Ianniaua eiiioieeaoeee e iaaeeaieaie?iaaiea»
1. Iiiyoea i ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee. *oi iienuaaaony i?e iiiiue iiiyoey
IE. Ii?aaeaeaiey IE. O?oaeiinoe iaeiicia/iiai ii?aaeaeaiey IE. IE e
iaaeea. Iai?aaeaiey iao/iiai enneaaeiaaiey IE. I?e/eiu aeooaeueiinoe
enneaaeiaaiee IE. «Aeieiae/aneee» e yaiethoeeiiiue iiaeoiaeu e eco/aieth
IE. Ioee/ey i?ioeanna ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee io i?ioeanna iaaeee/iinoiie
eiiioieeaoeee.
Iiiyoea eiiioieeaoeey i?ienoiaeeo io eaoeineiai communicatio — iaiai,
naycue, ?acaiai?.”Ianniaay eiiioieeaoeey — nenoaiaoe/aneia
?ani?ino?aiaiea niiauaiee n?aaee /eneaiii aieueoeo ?ann?aaeioi/aiiuo
aoaeeoi?ee n oeaeueth aicaeaenoaey ia ioeaiee, iiaiey e iiaaaeaiea
ethaeae”;”Ianniaay eiiioieeaoeey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
einoeoooeeaeece?iaaiiia i?iecaiaenoai e ianniaia ?ani?ino?aiaiea
neiaiee/aneeo iaoa?eaeia iin?aaenoaii ia?aaea/e e iaeiieaiey
eioi?iaoeee”. Ianniaay eiiioieeaoeey – yoi ?aciiaeaeiinoue
aeooiaii-i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, o.a. aeayoaeueiinoe ii
o?aineyoeee, ia?aiino a ianniaia niciaiea (iauanoaaiiia iiaiea) ioeaiie
oaeoueo niauoee, i?eciaaaaiuo nioeeaeueii aeooaeueiuie. Nouiinoueth
ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee eae aeayoaeueiinoe yaeyaony aicaeaenoaea ia
iauanoai iooai aiaae?aiey a ianniaia niciaiea ii?aaeaeaiiie nenoaiu
oeaiiinoae. Nouiinoue aa anaaaea inoaaony iaeciaiiie, a yaeaiea,
niaea?aeaiea e oi?iu inouanoaeaiey iiaoo eciaiyoueny a caaeneiinoe io
oneiaee ooieoeeiie?iaaiey anae NIE. Oeaeue ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee:
eciaiaiea nioeeaeueiuo noauaeoia a eioa?anao ae?oaeo noauaeoia eee anaai
iauanoaa.
A nia?aiaiiii iao/iii e iianaaeiaaiii ycuea, ia?yaeo n iiiyoeai ianniaay
eiiioieeaoeey eniieuecoaony iiiyoea “iaaeea”. Iiiyoea eiaao eaoeineia
i?ienoiaeaeaiea. N?aaenoaa eiiioieeaoeee caieiatho n?aaeiaa,
i?iiaaeooi/iia iieiaeaiea a eiiioieeaoeeiiiie oeaii/ea ioi?aaeoaeue —
eaiae — iieo/aoaeue niiauaiey. Iaaeea i?aaenoaaeytho niaie iaoaieci
nayce iaaeaeo ioi?aaeoaeai e iieo/aoaeai niiauaiey.
Ianniaay eiiioieeaoeey yaeyaony aeayoaeueiinoueth, iniiaaiiie ia nenoaia
i?aaee e ii?i, a oaeaea ia ?acaeoii eiio?iea ca eo eniieiaieai.
Iniaaiiinoyie ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee yaeythony:
– ioi?aaeoaeue niiauaiey yaeyaony /anoueth i?aaieciaaiiie a?oiiu, a
ca/anooth e i?aaenoaaeoaeai einoeoooa.
– a ea/anoaa i?eieiathuae noi?iiu aunooiaao eiaeeaeae. Ii /anoi
?anniao?eaaaony ia?aaeathuae i?aaiecaoeeae eae /anoue a?oiiu n i?enoueie
ae iaueie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie.
– eaiae niiauaiey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oaoiieiae/anee neiaeiua nenoaiu
?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee. Iie aeeth/atho a naay cia/eioth
nioeeaeueioth eiiiiiaioo, iineieueeo eo ooieoeeiie?iaaiea caaeneo io
i?aaiauo ii?i iauanoaa, i?eau/ae e iaeeaeaiee aoaeeoi?ee.
– niiauaiey iau/ii iaeaaeatho aeinoaoi/ii neiaeiie no?oeoo?ie.
– ioaee/iue oa?aeoa? e ioe?uoinoue
– ia?aie/aiiue e eiio?iee?oaiue aeinooi e n?aaenoaai ia?aaea/e
– iiin?aaeiaaiiinoue eiioaeoia ia?aaeathuae e i?eieiathuae noi?ii
– ii?aaeaeaiiia ia?aaiii?aaea a ioiioaieyo ia?aaeathuae e i?eieiathuae
noi?ii
– iiiai/eneaiiinoue aae?anaoia niiauaiee
Neiaeiinoue ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee eae yaeaiey i?aaeii?aaeaeeei aai
eco/aiea a ?aieao ?acee/iuo enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo aeenoeeieei.
Nioeeieiae/aneia eco/aiea ie?oaeathuae ian aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe
i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi eiaeeaeae yaeyaony i?iaeoeoii nioeeaeueiuo ioiioaiee.
Niioaaonoaaiii, ioeaieaay ?ieue NIE a nayce n ?acee/iuie i?iyaeaieyie
aeayoaeueiinoe ethaeae, iu iaycaoaeueii aeieaeiu o/eouaaoue iniaaiiinoe
iieeoe/aneiai, nioeeaeueiiai, yeiiiie/aneiai, eoeueoo?iiai e
oaoiieiae/aneiai eiioaenoa yoie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ioee/ey ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee io iaaeee/iinoiiai iauaiey i?iyaeythony
i?aeoe/anee a nayce ni anaie ninoaaeythueie eiiioieeaoeeiiiiai
i?ioeanna. Enoi/ieeii niiauaiey a iaaeee/iinoiie eiiioieeaoeee yaeyaony
naiuey, ninaaee e o.i. A ianniaie aea eiiioieeaoeee – iaeee einoeooo.
Eaiae ?ani?ino?aiaiey iaaeee/iinoiie eiiioieeaoeee iiaeii iacaaoue
“eeoeii e eeoeo”. Ianniaue eaiae i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea oaoiieiaee
?ani?ino?aiaiey. A?aiy ia?aaea/e a iaaeee/iinoiie eiiioieeaoeee –
iaiin?aaenoaaiiia, ?annoiyiea ieieiaeueiia, caieiooia; a ianniaie –
a?aiy ia?aaea/e iaiin?aaenoaaiiia eee n caaea?aeeie ai a?aiaie,
?annoiyiea – cia/eoaeueiia, eee aeaaea iaia?aie/aiiia. I?eaiieeii a
iaaeee/iinoiie eiiioieeaoeee yaeyaony naiuey, ninaaee, o.a.
iaiin?aaenoaaiiia ie?oaeaiea; a ianniaie – aiiieiiay ?acii?iaeiay
aoaeeoi?ey. I?e iaaeee/iinoiie eiiioieeaoeee eiaaony aiciiaeiinoue
iaiin?aaenoaaiiie ?aaeoeee aae?anaoa (ia?aoiay naycue). A ianniaie
eiiioieeaoeee ?aaeoeey i?aeiouanoaaiii “ioeiaeaiiay” (a iaeioi?uo
neo/ayo – i?yiay). Oa?aeoa? ?aaoee?iaaiey iaaeee/iinoiie eiiioieeaoeee –
ee/iue, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue; ianniaie – n eniieueciaaieai nenoai i?aaee e
eiio?iey.
1. NIE eae nioeeaeueiue einoeooo. Iiiyoea i nioeeaeueiii einoeoooa.
Ii?aaeaeaiea nioeeaeueiiai einoeoooa. Oa?aeoa?enoeee nioeeaeueiiai
einoeoooa. Oa?aeoa?enoeee NIE eae nioeeaeueiiai einoeoooa
«Einoeoooaie iauanoaaiiie aeecie i?eiyoi n/eoaoue iniaue oei
eioaa?aoeaiuo a?oii, oeaeinoiinoue eioi?uo iniiaaia ia aacee/iuo
iauaeoeaiuo naycyo, oa?aeoa? e iai?aaeaiiinoue eioi?uo ia caaeneo io
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo naienoa ethaeae, aeeth/aiiuo a yoe einoeooou. A
ioee/ea io iaeinoeoooeeiiaeueiuo a?oii (iiaeiaiuo ae?oaeaneie eiiiaiee)
einoeooou oeia ainoaea?noaa eee a?iee i?aaenoaaeytho niaie ia
niaieoiiinoue aeeauo ethaeae, a nenoaio acaeiiniioianaiiuo nioeeaeueiuo
?ieae, eniieiyaiuo oaeeie ethaeueie e iaeeaaeuaathueie aeanoeea
ia?aie/aiey ia eo aiciiaeiia e aeiionoeiia iiaaaeaiea».
Nioeeaeueiue einoeooo — yoi «enoi?e/anee neiaeeaoeany oi?iu i?aaiecaoeee
e ?aaoee?iaaiey iauanoaaiiie aeecie (iai?eia?, naiuey, ?aeeaey,
ia?aciaaiea e o. ae.), iaania/eaathuea auiieiaiea aeeciaiii aaaeiuo aeey
iauanoaa ooieoeee, aeeth/athuea niaieoiiinoue ii?i, ?ieae, i?aaeienaiee,
ia?acoeia iiaaaeaiey, niaoeeaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee, nenoaio eiio?iey».
I?iaiaeece?iaaa ?acee/iua oi/ee c?aiey a ii?aaeaeaiee nioeeaeueiiai
einoeoooa, iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae ia iniiaiuo oa?aeoa?enoeeao
iineaaeiaai, eioi?ua i?aaenoaaeytho niaie:
• ?ieaaoth nenoaio, a eioi?oth aeeth/athony oaeaea ii?iu e noaoonu;
• niaieoiiinoue iau/aaa, o?aaeeoeee e i?aaee iiaaaeaiey;
• oi?iaeueioth e iaoi?iaeueioth i?aaiecaoeeth;
• niaieoiiinoue ii?i e o/?aaeaeaiee, ?aaoee?othueo ii?aaeaeaiioth noa?o
iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee;
• iainiaeaiiue eiiieaen nioeeaeueiuo aeaenoaee.
Nioeeaeueiue noauaeo – enoi/iee oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie aeoeaiinoe, eiaeeaeae
eee a?oiia eiaeeaeaeia, eioi?ay ?aaeecoao naiinoiyoaeueii aua?aiiua
i?ia?aiiu aeaenoaee, niinianoaothuea aeinoeaeaieth naiinoiyoaeueii
aua?aiiuo e iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae. A yoii e ninoieo aeaaiia ioee/ea
noauaeoia – oieueei noauaeo inouanoaeyao oeaeaiieaaathuoth aeayo-oue e
ii?aaeaeyao oneiaey e n?aaenoaa aa aeinoeaeaiey. I?e yoii aeey
aeinoeaeaiey oeaee noauaeoii iiaoo i?eaeaeaoueny ae?oaea eiaeeaeaeu eee
a?oiiu eiaeeaeaeia n ioee/iuie oeaeyie.
Nioeeaeueiue noauaeo iaeaaeaao niaoeeoe/aneeie eioa?anaie e
iio?aaiinoyie, eioi?ua, eae i?aaeei, aoiaeyo a i?ioeai?a/ea n eioa?anaie
ae?oaeo nioeeaeueiuo a?oii. Noauaeo – nioeeaeueiay einoaioeey, /ueth
iio?aaiinoue oaeiaeaoai?yao i?iaeoeo aeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Aeey
noauaeoa aaaeiaa anaai aai iio?aaiinoe, Ii aeey oiai, /oiau eo
oaeiaeaoai?youe, ii aeieaeai ?aaeeciaaoue eioa?an, o.a. inouanoaeyoue
oei aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ue iaiaoiaeei nenoaia. O.i. aeey noauaeoa
eioa?anu – n?aaenoai oaeiaeaoai?aiey aai iio?aaiinoae, a aeey nenoaiu
oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae noauaeoa – n?aaenoai ?aaeecaoeee aai
eioa?ania.
Noauaeoaie IE eae oaeiaie yaeythony nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu, ?aaeecothuea
naie iio?aaiinoe, naycaiiua n iaania/aieai oneiaee nianoaaiiiai
nouanoaiaaiey. Yoe iio?aaiinoe naycaiu n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth aianaiey a
ianniaia niciaiea nioeeaeueiuo onoaiiaie, au?aaeaiiuo a eo nianoaaiiie
eaeaieiaee. Enoiaey ec yoeo iio?aaiinoae, nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu
caeioa?aniaaiu i?iecaiaeeoue ianniaoth eioi?iaoeeth.
Noauaeou ianniai-eiiioieeaoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe ia eiatho oeaee
ananoi?iiiaai e iieiiai eioi?ie?iaaiey aoaeeoi?ee. Aeey ieo anaaaea ia
ia?aii ianoa inoathony eo oeaee e eo iio?aaiinoue a i?eauee eee a iniaii
ioiioaiee ianniaie aoaeeoi?ee.
A i?ioeanna inouanoaeaiey ianniai-eiiioieeaoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
ea/anoai noauaeoia ia?aoatho:
– iineoaee nioeeaeueiuo eioa?ania (eo oeaee caeeth/athony ai aeeyiee ia
ianniaia niciaiea)
– aeaaeaeueoeu ioaeaeueiuo NIE eae noauaeou ?aaeecaoeee eiiia?/aneeo
eioa?ania
– aeo?iaeenou (eiiioieeaoi?u) eae noauaeou ?aaeecaoeee oai?/aneeo e
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo eioa?ania
– ianniaay aoaeeoi?ey eae niaieoiiinoue noauaeoia, eiathueo iauoth
oeaeue – iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee aeey i?eaioaoeee a n?aaea nouanoaiaaiey.
Noauaeoaie IE eae aeaea nioeeaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, eae i?aaeei,
aunooiatho nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu, caieiathueany o?aineyoeeae aeooiaiuo
cia/aiee a ianniaia niciaiea. Eaaeaeue ec o/anoieeia aeaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe oaeaea yaeyaony noauaeoii, ii noauaeoii ae?oaiai
aeayoaeueiinoiiai ?yaea. Ethaie noauaeo nai ii?aaeaeyao naie oeaee e
niiniau eo ?aaeecaoeee.
Nouanoaoao aeaa oeia nioeeaeueiuo noauaeoia – einoeoooeeaeece?iaaiiua
(o.a. iiaee?aieaiiua caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii – ianiaa?oaiiieaoiea,
iaineiia?u, nooaeaiou) e iaeinoeoooeeaeece?iaaiiua (iieiaeaaeue,
iiaeeeua ethaee) noauaeou.
Iniiaiua nioe. noauaeou iauanoaa:
1) aeanoue e a?aaeaeaia
2) ?aaioiaeaoaee e iaaiiua ?aaioieee
3) aiaaoua e aaaeiua
4) caiyoua a iauanoaaiiii i?iecaiaenoaa e iacaiyoua a iauanoaaiiii
i?iecaiaenoaa
Oei e iniaaiiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee
ii?aaeaeythony oeiii iauanoaa, aai nioeeaeueiui, e i?aaeaea anaai,
iieeoe/aneei ono?ienoaii, einoeooo ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee a iaeaieueoae
noaiaie naycai n iieeoeeie eae nioeeaeueiui einoeoooii e ii?aaeaeaiiui
aeaeii nioeeaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Iieeoeea yaeyaony ia aaeeinoaaiiui
aeaeii ?aaoee?othuae aeayoaeueiinoe, eiathuae ioiioaiea e aeanoe. Aua
iaeiei oaeei aeaeii iiaeii iacaaoue aaeieieno?aoeaiia ?aaoee?iaaiea,
eioi?ia ii nooe naiae yaeyaony ia ioiioaieyie ethaeae ii iiaiaeo aeanoe,
a iaiin?aaenoaaiiuie aeaenoaeyie aeanoe, oi anoue aeanoiuo no?oeoo?
?acee/iiai o?iaiy, aaeieieno?aoeaii ?aaoee?othueo ooieoeeiie?iaaiea e
acaeiiaeaenoaea ?acee/iuo /anoae e no?oeoo? iauanoaa.
Nioeeaeueiay eiiioieeaoeey ia i?ioyaeaiee aeeeoaeueiiai ia?eiaea
/aeiaa/aneie enoi?ee nouanoaiaaea a aeaea eioi?iaoeeiiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, neoaeauae onoaiiaeaieth naycae iaaeaeo ?acee/iuie
no?oeoo?aie iauanoaa. Iaeiaei ea/anoaaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee e
i?aaiecaoeeiiiua oi?iu (eae nioeeaeueiiai einoeoooa ianniaie
eiiioieeaoeee) o yoiai aeaea aeayoaeueiinoe noi?ie?iaaeenue
n?aaieoaeueii iaaeaaii — n iiiaioa aicieeiiaaiey NIE, ioee/ea eioi?uo io
i?inoi eiiioieeaoeee iineo ia eiee/anoaaiiue, ii ea/anoaaiiue oa?aeoa?,
ii?aaeaeythueeny aicaeaenoaeai ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee eiaiii ia
ianniaia, oi anoue i?aeoe/aneia niciaiea iauanoaa.
IE yaeyaony aeaeii ?aaoee?othuae aeayoaeueiinoe, oa?aeoa?ecothueiny eae
noauaeoii-iauaeoiia ioiioaiea, aaea a ea/anoaa iauaeoa aunooiaao
ianniaia niciaiea eae o?iaaiue niciaiey iauanoaa, iaiin?aaenoaaiii
aeeth/aiiue a i?aeoeeo. Iauaeoii ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee aunooiaao oaeia
ninoiyiea ianniaiai niciaiey, eioi?ia oa?aeoa?ecoaony ioeaii/iinoueth, a
eiaiii iauanoaaiiia iiaiea, oi?ie?iaaiea eioi?iai iin?aaenoaii
aiaae?yaiuo ioeaiie yaeyaony oeaeueth aeooiaii-i?aeoe/aneie
ianniai-eiiioieeaoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?iaeoeou eioi?ie
oaeiaeaoai?ytho noauaeoia aeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. A ea/anoaa noauaeoia
ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee iiaoo aunooiaoue ia oieueei noauaeou iieeoe/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe, ii e ethaie ae?oaie, iai?eia?, yeiiiie/aneie, noauaeou
eiathuea oeaeue ioeaii/iiai aicaeaenoaey ia ianniaia niciaiea.
2. Ooieoeeiiaeueiue iiaeoiae e enneaaeiaaieth NIE. Oeiieiaey ooieoeee
NIE. O?iaie acaeiiaeaenoaey NIE n ?acee/iuie o?iaiyie nioeeaeueiie
no?oeoo?u. Nioeeieiae/aneee iiaeoiae e enneaaeiaaieth ooieoeee NIE.
Ii?inu aoaeeoi?ee e ?aaioieeia NIE. I?iaeaia auaeaeaiey ooieoeee NIE
Iaoiaeieiaey ooieoeeiiaeueiiai iiaeoiaea enoiaeeo ec oiai, /oi i?e
iauyniaiee iauanoaaiiiai yaeaiey neaaeoao eneaoue ooieoeeth, eioi?oth
iii eniieiyao a aieaa oe?ieii nioeeaeueiii eee eoeueoo?iii eiioaenoa.
I?e yoii enneaaeothony eae yaiua, oae e iayaiua neaaenoaey
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoaiu, eiathuea eae iiceoeaioth, oae e iaaaoeaioth
iai?aaeaiiinoue.
Iaoaieci ?aaeecaoeee “nioeeaeueiiai noeaieaiey” i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
acaeiiaeaenoaea aeaoo iniiaiuo ninoaaeythueo. Ia?aie ec ieo yaeythony
iauanoaaiiua iio?aaiinoe — a?oiiu, eieeaeoeaa, ee/iinoe. Aoi?ie —
“ioeeee” ia niioaaonoaothuea o?aaiaaiey, oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae
i?yii eee iiin?aaeiaaiii n?aaenoaaie ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee.
A eiathueony ia naaiaeiy eeanneoeeaoeeyo auaeaeythony aeaa
acaeiinaycaiiua ieineinoe eco/aiey ooieoeee NIE. Ai-ia?auo, yoi
eiie?aoiue aeae aeayoaeueiinoe NIE; ai-aoi?uo, iieaciinoue, oeaiiinoue,
eioi?oth eiaao yoa aeayoaeueiinoue n oi/ee c?aiey iieueciaaoaeae,
iio?aaeoaeae.
E?iia oiai, iau/ii aiaeec i?iaiaeeony ia aeaoo o?iaiyo — o?iaia nioeeoia
e o?iaia eiaeeaeaea.
Iniiaiua ooieoeee ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee a iauanoaa
I. Eioi?iaoeeiiiay ooieoeey:
– eioi?ie?iaaiea i niauoeyo e oneiaeyo aeecie a iauanoaa e ie?a;
– eioi?iaoeeiiiia iaania/aiea eiiiaaoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia;
II. Ooieoeey nioeeaeueiie nayce:
– eioa?i?aoaoeey i?ienoiaeyuaai;
– iiaeaea?aeea nouanoaothueo ii?i e aeanoiuo ioiioaiee;
– nioeeaeecaoeey;
– eii?aeeiaoeey ?aciiiai?aaeaiiie nioeeaeueiie aeoeaiinoe, oi?ie?iaaiea
iauanoaaiiiai niaeaney;
III. Ooieoeey iaania/aiey i?aainoaaiiinoe:
– au?aaeaiea ia?acoeia aeiieie?othuae eoeueoo?u, “ociaaaiea”
noaeoeueoo?, iiauo eoeueoo?iuo iai?aaeaiee;
– iiaeaea?aeaiea iauiinoe nioeeaeueiuo oeaiiinoae;
IV. ?ae?aaoeaiay ooieoeey:
– nicaeaiea aiciiaeiinoae aeey ioaeuoa e ?acaea/aiey;
nieaeaiea nioeeaeueiie iai?yaeaiiinoe;
V. Ooieoeey iiaeeecaoeee:
– i?aaiecaoeey eaiiaiee a nayce n aeooaeueiuie oeaeyie a iieeoeea,
yeiiiieea, nioeeaeueiie noa?a.
A eiioeaioeee eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo ooieoeee e aeenooieoeee aeayoaeueiinoue
n?aaenoa ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee ?anniao?eaaaony a eiioaenoa eo
aoaeeoi?ee. A oieona aieiaiey caeanue a iniiaiii iaoiaeeony
eiiioieeaoeaiia iiaaaeaiea eiaeeaeaea. Ii?aaeaeythuei yaeyaony oi
ianoiyoaeuenoai, /oi iioeau eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie aeoeaiinoe a ioiioaiee
ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee naycaiu n nioeeaeueiui eiioaenoii e, a oie eee
eiie ia?a, ni no?oeoo?ie iauanoaa a oeaeii.
Ia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii o?iaia ooieoeee NIE i?aaeiieaaatho oaeiaeaoai?aiea
neaaeothueo iio?aaiinoae eiaeeaeaea:
I. Eioi?iaoeeiiiay ooieoeey:
– iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee i niauoeyo e oneiaeyo aeecie iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai
ie?oaeaiey, iauanoaa, ie?a a oeaeii;- iao/aiea e naiiia?aciaaiea;
– iiene niaaoia, iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeee aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiee;
II. Ooieoeey ee/iinoiie eaeaioeoeeaoeee:
– iiaee?aieaiea eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo oeaiiinoae;
– iieo/aiea naaaeaiee i iiaeaeyo e ii?iao iiaaaeaiey; eaeaioeoeeaoeey n
oeaiiinoyie ae?oaeo;
– aeinoeaeaiea iiieiaiey naiiai naay;
III. Ooieoeey eioaa?aoeee a iauanoaa e iauaiey:
– oi?ie?iaaiea iniiau aeey aeeaeiaa, nioeeaeueiiai iauaiey;
– iiiiuue a ?aaeecaoeee nioeeaeueiuo ?ieae, iiieiaiey iieiaeaiey
ae?oaiai, ia?aaeeaaiey;
– aiciiaeiinoue iauaiey n naiueae, ae?ocueyie, iauanoaii;
IV. Ooieoeey ?acaea/aiey:
– yiioeeiiaeueiay ?ac?yaeea;
– caiieiaiea naiaiaeiiai a?aiaie;
– yneaieci, ooiae io i?iaeai;
– iieo/aiea ynoaoe/aneiai ianeaaeaeaiey;
– naenoaeueiia aicaoaeaeaiea.
Eiioeaiooaeueiay noaia aia?eeaineiai niaoeeaeenoa Iaeaeia Aea Oethy?a
?ac?aaaouaaeanue aeey eiie?aoiuo oneiaee e o?aaeeoeee aeayoaeueiinoe
iaaeea, neiaeeaoeony a NOA a na?aaeeia 60-o aiaeia XX aaea. Aea Oethy?ii
auee enneaaeiaaiu ioiioaiey iaaeaeo niaea?aeaieai i?iaeoeoeee
iann-iaaeea e aeonaie aoaeeoi?ee. I?e yoii NIE ?anniao?eaaeenue ei eae
iaeioi?ua aaoiiiiiua (nioeeaeueiua) nenoaiu, ninoiyuea ec niaieoiiinoe
iiaenenoai.
Nioeeaeueiay nenoaia ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee ninoieo ec ianeieueeeo
aaaeiaeoeo ninoaaeythueo: aoaeeoi?ee, aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiie ii aeonai,
ia?aciaaoaeueiiio o?iaith, aic?anoo e o.ae.; i?aaiecaoeee enneaaeiaaiey
aoaeeoi?ee; i?aaiecaoeee, nicaeathueo e ?ani?ino?aiythueo niaea?aeaiea
ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee; niiini?ia eee ?aeeaiiaeaoaeae; ?aeeaiiuo
aaaionoa.
Anoanoaaiii, /oi, eae e ethaay ae?oaay noaia, i?aaeeiaeaiiay iiaeaeue
i?aaeiieaaaao ii?aaeaeaiiua oi?iuaiey. A /anoiinoe, niaea?aeaiea
ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee ?anniao?eaaaony, i?aaeaea anaai, eae
?acaeaeaoaeueiia.
Iiieii ia?a/eneaiiuo acaeiinaycaiiuo eiiiiiaioia, auaeaeyaony oaeaea
iiaenenoaia eiio?iey, aeeth/athuay a naay: niaieoiiinoue
caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo i?aaiia ?acee/iiai o?iaiy; aaaionoaa ii eiio?ieth ca
niaethaeaieai ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia; naiiaeayoaeueiua annioeeaoeee,
niinianoaothuea eiio?ieth.
Aioo?aiiei noa?aeiai eee aaciaui oneiaeai, iaania/eaathuei
ooieoeeiie?iaaiea nenoaiu ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee a oeaeii, yaeyaony, ii
Aea Oethy?o, oeiainiaue. Aieueoeinoai ec eiiiiiaioia nenoaiu
i?aaenoaaeytho niaie i?ioanneiiaeueiua ?ieaaua no?oeoo?u, iioeaaoeey
ia?niiaea eioi?uo aeinoeaaaony iin?aaenoaii aeaiaa. I?e/ai ana iie a oie
eee eiie noaiaie caaenyo io aoaeeoi?ee, eae oeaio?aeueiiai eiiiiiaioa
nenoaiu.
Ii iiaieth Iaiaoeeiai nioeeieiaa-oai?aoeea Ieeeana Eoiaia (1927 – 1998),
ooieoeee iann-iaaeea ninoiyo a “iai?aaeaiee” naiiiaaethaeaiey
nioeeaeueiuo nenoai. Aaoi? ia?auaaony a yoie nayce e iiiyoeth ooieoeee
“iaiyoe” nenoaiu — iaania/eaathuae iniiaaiea ?aaeueiinoe (ioeaiie,
eioa?i?aoaoeee) aeey anae iineaaeothuae eiiioieeaoeee.
E ooieoeeyi iann-iaaeea neaaeoao ioianoe oi?ie?iaaiea e iiaeaea?aeaiea a
iauanoaa naienoa “?acae?aaeeiinoe” e “aicaoaeeiinoe”. Ii iiaieth aaoi?a,
ooieoeee iann-iaaeea ninoiyo ia oieueei a iaania/aiee ?inoa ciaiee,
nioeeaeecaoeee eee ia?aciaaiee eiaeeaeaeia a niioaaonoaee ni
neiaeeaoeieny ii?iaie. Iienaiea ie?a e iauanoaa i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
oeeeee/aneee i?ioeann. Yoio i?ioeann i?aaeiieaaaao oi?ie?iaaiea e
eioa?i?aoaoeeth ninoiyiey «aicaoaeaeaiey» iin?aaenoaii eioi?iaoeee,
i?eaycaiiie e eaeiio-oi eiie?aoiiio iiiaioo.
A nayce n iniaaiiinoyie ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iaaeea Eoiai au/eaiyao o?e
iniiaiuo oeia i?ia?aiiiiai niaea?aeaiey iann-iaaeea: iiainoe e
eioa?aueth; ?aeeaia e ?acaeaeaoaeueiua ia?aaea/e.
Ii Eaca?oaeueaeo e Ia?oiio: N?aaenoaa ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee auiieiytho
?yae aaaeiuo nioeeaeueiuo ooieoeee:
1) Ooieoeey i?enaiaiey noaoona. N?aaenoaa ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee
i?enaaeaatho noaoon iauanoaaiiui i?iaeaiai, ee/iinoyi, i?aaiecaoeeyi e
iauanoaaiiui aeaeaeaieyi. Ooieoeey i?enaiaiey noaoona iaeaieaa y?ei
i?iyaeyaony, eiaaea a oiaea ?aeeaiu eniieuecoaony ?aeiiaiaeaoeee eee
cayaeaiey “ecaanoiuo ethaeae”. Oaeei ia?acii, ooieoeey i?enaiaiey
noaoona aoiaeeo a no?oeoo?u i?aaieciaaiiiai nioeeaeueiiai aeaenoaey
/a?ac eaaeoeiaoeeth o.a. i?eciaaay caeiiiui eo nioeeaeueiue noaoon
ii?aaeaeaiiuo iieeoee, ee/iinoae e a?oii, iieo/athueo iiaeaea?aeeo
n?aaenoa ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee.
2) Oe?aieaiea nioeeaeueiuo ii?i. N?aaenoaa ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee iiaoo
eieoeee?iaaoue i?aaieciaaiiia nioeeaeueiia aeaenoaea “iieacii” oneiaee,
ioee/athueony io iauanoaaiii i?eiyoie ii?aee. A oneiaeyo nia?aiaiiiai
ianniaiai iauanoaa ooieoeey iauanoaaiiiai aieiaiey einoeooaeece?iaaia a
aeayoaeueiinoe n?aaenoa ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee. I?anna, ?aaeei, aeo?iaeu
inaauatho aeinoaoi/ii ecaanoiua ioeeiiaiey. Eae i?aaeei yoi i?eaiaeeo e
iaeioi?ui iauanoaaiiui aeaenoaeyi i?ioea oiai, e /aio a /anoiii ieaia
ioiineeenue oa?ieii. A niiauaieyo, iai?eia?, iiaoo auoue i?aaenoaaeaiu
yaeaiey, niaea?aeaiea eioi?uo eaeao a?ac?ac n iaaeene?eieiaoeeiiiuie
ii?iaie ii yoie/aneiio i?eciaeo. Eiiaaea n?aaenoaa ianniaie
eiiioieeaoeee iin?aaenoaii iieaca oao eee eiuo aeaenoaee iiaoo
i?aaieciaaoue eaiiaiee ca eee i?ioea /aai-eeai.
3) Aeenooieoeey ia?eioecaoeee O?aouey iiaeao auoue iacaaia
ia?eioece?othuae aeenooieoeeae n?aaenoa ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee.
?ac?iciaiiua enneaaeiaaiey iieacuaatho, /oi ana aieueoaa a?aiy ethaee
cao?a/eaatho ia iio?aaeaiea iaoa?eaeia n?aaenoa ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee.
Aeinooiiinoue eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iioieia aeey ?yaeiaiai neooaoaey eee
/eoaoaey a ca/anooth niinianoaoao eo onuieaieth, ia?eioecaoeee, iaaeaee
aeoeaiinoe. Ana aieueoay /anoue a?aiaie ioaiaeeony /oaieth e
i?ineooeaaieth e, niioaaonoaaiii, iaiueoay /anoue iiaeao auoue oaeaeaia
i?aaieciaaiiiio nioeeaeueiiio aeaenoaeth. Eiaeeaeae /eoaao niiauaiey i
i?iaeaiao e aeaaea iiaeao ianoaeaeaoue aeueoa?iaoeaiua aa?eaiou
aeaenoaee. Iaeiaei ana yoi a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a ioiineony e iaeanoe
eioaeeaeooaeueiie. Oai naiui ia i?ienoiaeeo aeaaea ioaeaeaiiie
aeoeaecaoeee i?aaieciaaiiiai nioeeaeueiiai aeaenoaey.
Iaeia ec i?iaeai ooieoeeiiaeueiiai iiaeoiaea e eco/aieth ianniaie
eiiioieeaoeee eanaaony iiiaicia/iinoe naiiai iiiyoey ooieoeey. Ae?oaay
i?iaeaia naycaia n oai, /oi ?aaioa n?aaenoa ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee
nii?yaeaia n aeayoaeueiinoueth oeaeiai ?yaea nioeeaeueiuo einoeoooia.
Yoi oneiaeiyao ?acaeaeaiea ooieoeee nianoaaiii ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee e
ae?oaeo no?oeoo?iuo eiiiiiaioia nioeeaeueiiai i?aaiecia (i?aaeoaeuenoa,
ia?oee, aeciana e o.ae.). E?iia oiai, niaeaniaaiiay eioa?i?aoaoeey
ooieoeee ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee i?aaeiieaaaao aieaa eee iaiaa
niaeaniaaiiue acaeyae ia iauanoai a oeaeii. Iaeia e oa aea ooieoeey
iiaeao iieo/aoue ?aciua eioa?i?aoaoeee o enneaaeiaaoaeae a caaeneiinoe
io eo oai?aoe/aneeo iiceoeee
3. Ooieoeee ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee a iauanoaa. Ia?a/eneeoa ooieoeee IE a
iauanoaa. Eaeea ninoaaeythuea aoiaeyo a eaaeaeoth ec ieo? I?eaaaeeoa
i?eia?u ?aaeecaoeee yoeo ooieoeee. Iann-iaaeea eae n?aaenoai
eiino?oe?iaaiey ?aaeueiinoe.
Iaeiie ec iaiaoiaeeiuo ninoaaeythueo iiaeaea?aeaiey noaaeeueiiai
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoaiu yaeyaony iiaeaea?aeaiea aieaa eee iaiaa
aaeaeaaoiie ea?oeiu aeecie iauanoaa, nioeeaeueiiai ie?oaeaiey ethaeae.
Yoi aeinoeaaaony, a iaiaeie noaiaie, iin?aaenoaii aeayoaeueiinoe NIE.
Iaoaieci ?aaeecaoeee “nioeeaeueiiai noeaieaiey” i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
acaeiiaeaenoaea aeaoo iniiaiuo ninoaaeythueo. Ia?aie ec ieo yaeythony
iauanoaaiiua iio?aaiinoe — a?oiiu, eieeaeoeaa, ee/iinoe. Aoi?ie —
“ioeeee” ia niioaaonoaothuea o?aaiaaiey, oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae
i?yii eee iiin?aaeiaaiii n?aaenoaaie ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee.
Iniiaiua ooieoeee ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee a iauanoaa
I. Eioi?iaoeeiiiay ooieoeey:
– eioi?ie?iaaiea i niauoeyo e oneiaeyo aeecie a iauanoaa e ie?a;
– eioi?iaoeeiiiia iaania/aiea eiiiaaoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia;
II. Ooieoeey nioeeaeueiie nayce:
– eioa?i?aoaoeey i?ienoiaeyuaai;
– iiaeaea?aeea nouanoaothueo ii?i e aeanoiuo ioiioaiee;
– nioeeaeecaoeey;
– eii?aeeiaoeey ?aciiiai?aaeaiiie nioeeaeueiie aeoeaiinoe, oi?ie?iaaiea
iauanoaaiiiai niaeaney;
III. Ooieoeey iaania/aiey i?aainoaaiiinoe:
– au?aaeaiea ia?acoeia aeiieie?othuae eoeueoo?u, “ociaaaiea”
noaeoeueoo?, iiauo eoeueoo?iuo iai?aaeaiee;
– iiaeaea?aeaiea iauiinoe nioeeaeueiuo oeaiiinoae;
IV. ?ae?aaoeaiay ooieoeey:
– nicaeaiea aiciiaeiinoae aeey ioaeuoa e ?acaea/aiey;
nieaeaiea nioeeaeueiie iai?yaeaiiinoe;
V. Ooieoeey iiaeeecaoeee:
– i?aaiecaoeey eaiiaiee a nayce n aeooaeueiuie oeaeyie a iieeoeea,
yeiiiieea, nioeeaeueiie noa?a.
Iaiaoeeee nioeeieia-oai?aoee Ieeeana Eoiaia (1927 – 1998) E ooieoeeyi
iann-iaaeea ioiineo oi?ie?iaaiea e iiaeaea?aeaiea a iauanoaa naienoa
“?acae?aaeeiinoe” e “aicaoaeeiinoe”. Ii iiaieth aaoi?a, ooieoeee
iann-iaaeea ninoiyo ia oieueei a iaania/aiee ?inoa ciaiee,
nioeeaeecaoeee eee ia?aciaaiee eiaeeaeaeia a niioaaonoaee ni
neiaeeaoeieny ii?iaie. Iienaiea ie?a e iauanoaa i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
oeeeee/aneee i?ioeann. Yoio i?ioeann i?aaeiieaaaao oi?ie?iaaiea e
eioa?i?aoaoeeth ninoiyiey «aicaoaeaeaiey» iin?aaenoaii eioi?iaoeee
i?eaycaiiie e eaeiio-oi eiie?aoiiio iiiaioo.
Iann-iaaeea eae n?aaenoai eiino?oe?iaaiey ?aaeueiinoe. N oi/ee c?aiey
Eoiaia, oaiiiai NIE i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaeei ec ?acoeueoaoia i?ioeanna
ooieoeeiiaeueiie aeeooa?aioeeaoeee nia?aiaiiiai iauanoaa. Yoi
ii?aaeaeyaony oai ianoiyoaeuenoaii, /oi nia?aiaiiia iauanoai eiaao
iaeioi?ua noaaeeece?othuea ooieoeeiiaeueiua iaoaieciu, aeaenoaothuea ia
?aaoey?iie iniiaa. Iann-iaaeea eae ?ac e yaeyaony iaeiei ec oaeiauo.
Iiiyoea «iann-iaaeea» aeeth/aao a naay einoeooou iauanoaa, eioi?ua
eniieuecotho oaoiieiaee «eiie?iaaiey» (?aciiiaeaiey) aeey
?ani?ino?aiaiey iaoa?eaeia (oaenoia) eiiioieeaoeee. Caeanue oaoiieiaey
?ani?ino?aiaiey ea?aao i?eia?ii oo aea ?ieue, /oi e aeaiueae a
yeiiiieea.
Iienuaay iann-iaaeea eae nioeeaeueioth nenoaio, Eoiai auaeaeyao aeaa
aniaeoa iaaeea ?aaeueiinoe. Ai-ia?auo, yoi «?aaeueiay ?aaeueiinoue» iann
iaaeea — oe?ieee eiiieaen aeaenoaee, aia eioi?uo nia?aiaiiay ianniaay
eiiioieeaoeey ia aiciiaeia. Iai?eia?, oe?aaee?iaaiea, ?ani?ino?aiaiea,
/oaiea, i?iniio? e o.ae. Ii nthaea ia aeeth/aaony nianoaaiii «aeaeaci»
eee iaoa?eaeueiay /anoue iaaeea. Ae?oaeie neiaaie, «?aaeueiay
?aaeueiinoue» iann-iaaeea — yoi nianoaaiii eiiioieeaoeee, eioi?ua
inouanoaeythony aioo?e ieo e /a?ac ieo.
Ai-aoi?uo, ?aaeueiinoueth iaaeea yaeyaony oi, /oi i?aaenoaaeyaony
iin?aaenoaii NIE. N oi/ee c?aiey aaoi?a, iann-iaaeea yaeyaony ia
iineaaeiaaoaeuiinoueth iia?aoeee, a iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoueth iaaethaeaiee
(eee iaaethaeathueo iia?aoeee). Eoiai oeacuaaao a yoie nayce, /oi iann
iaaeea i?iecaiaeeo “o?ainoeaiaeaioioth eeethceth”.
?aaeueiinoue yaeyaony ia iauaeoii eae oaeiaui, a iaeei “ai?eciioii” a
oaiiiaiieiae/aneii niunea. Ae?oaeie neiaaie, ?aaeueiinoue yaeyaony
iaaeinoeaeeiie. Ionthaea, niaeanii Eoiaio, iao ae?oaie aiciiaeiinoe
e?iia eae eiino?oe?iaaoue ?aaeueiinoue e iaaethaeaoue ca
iaaethaeaoaeyie, ca oai, eae nicaeaaony ?aaeueiinoue.
4. Ooieoeee ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee ia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii o?iaia.
Ia?a/eneeoa ooieoeee IE ia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii o?iaia. Eaeea ninoaaeythuea
aoiaeyo a eaaeaeoth ec ieo? I?eaaaeeoa i?eia?u ?aaeecaoeee yoeo
ooieoeee. Aeenooieoeeiiaeueiinoue nenoaiu IE
A eiioeaioeee eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo ooieoeee e aeenooieoeee aeayoaeueiinoue
n?aaenoa ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee ?anniao?eaaaony a eiioaenoa eo
aoaeeoi?ee. A oieona aieiaiey caeanue a iniiaiii iaoiaeeony
eiiioieeaoeaiia iiaaaeaiea eiaeeaeaea. Ii?aaeaeythuei yaeyaony oi
ianoiyoaeuenoai, /oi iioeau eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie aeoeaiinoe a ioiioaiee
ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee naycaiu n nioeeaeueiui eiioaenoii e, a oie eee
eiie ia?a, ni no?oeoo?ie iauanoaa a oeaeii.
Ia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii o?iaia ooieoeee NIE i?aaeiieaaatho oaeiaeaoai?aiea
neaaeothueo iio?aaiinoae eiaeeaeaea:
I. Eioi?iaoeeiiiay ooieoeey:
– iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee i niauoeyo e oneiaeyo aeecie iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai
ie?oaeaiey, iauanoaa, ie?a a oeaeii;- iao/aiea e naiiia?aciaaiea;
– iiene niaaoia, iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeee aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiee;
II. Ooieoeey ee/iinoiie eaeaioeoeeaoeee:
– iiaee?aieaiea eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo oeaiiinoae;
– iieo/aiea naaaeaiee i iiaeaeyo e ii?iao iiaaaeaiey; eaeaioeoeeaoeey n
oeaiiinoyie ae?oaeo;
– aeinoeaeaiea iiieiaiey naiiai naay;
III. Ooieoeey eioaa?aoeee a iauanoaa e iauaiey:
– oi?ie?iaaiea iniiau aeey aeeaeiaa, nioeeaeueiiai iauaiey;
– iiiiuue a ?aaeecaoeee nioeeaeueiuo ?ieae, iiieiaiey iieiaeaiey
ae?oaiai, ia?aaeeaaiey;
– aiciiaeiinoue iauaiey n naiueae, ae?ocueyie, iauanoaii;
IV. Ooieoeey ?acaea/aiey:
– yiioeeiiaeueiay ?ac?yaeea;
– caiieiaiea naiaiaeiiai a?aiaie;
– yneaieci, ooiae io i?iaeai;
– iieo/aiea ynoaoe/aneiai ianeaaeaeaiey;
– naenoaeueiia aicaoaeaeaiea.
Aiai?y i aeenooieoeeyo (o.a. ia?ooaiee a aeayoaeueiinoe nenoaiu) NIE,
aoaeai eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi yoi “‘ecia?aiea” io?aaeaao neooaoeeth
ianiioaaonoaey ?aaeecaoeee ii?aaeaeaiiuo ooieoeee ia ?acee/iii o?iaia.
O.a. aeey ?aaeecaoeee oeaeae, auaeaeaaaiuo ia o?iaia iauanoaa,
iaiaoiaeeii eo ii?aaeaeaiiia ooieoeeiiaeueiia niioaaonoaea ia o?iaia
eiaeeaeaea. Aeenooieoeeiiaeueiinoue a aeayoaeueiinoe NIE iiaeao
i?iyaeyoueny, iai?eia?, a oii, /oi eioi?iaoeeiiiay ooieoeey i?eia?aoaao
oi?io aeaceioi?iaoeee; ooieoeey ?acaea/aiey iiaeao ia?a?iaeaeaoueny a
ooieoeeth “eiio?iey niciaiey”; ooieoeey iiaeeecaoeee i?e ii?aaeaeaiiuo
oneiaeyo niinianoaiaaoue ianeeeth e o.i.
5. Ooieoeeiiaeueiay naycue iaaeaeo eiaeono?eaeecaoeeae e ianniaie
eiiioieeaoeeae. Yoaiu i?ioeanna eiaeono?eaeecaoeee e eo o?iiieiaey.
Iniaaiiinoe NIE ia eaaeaeii ec yoaiia eiaeono?eaeecaoeee. Iniaaiiinoe
?acaeoey aoaeeoi?ee NIE a oiaea ?acaeoey i?iiuoeaiiinoe e aeeyiea yoiai
i?ioeanna ia aino?aaiaaiiinoue NIE. Enoi?e/aneea enoiee ?acaeoey
eiiioieeaoeeiiiuo naoae a noa?a iaoa?eaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa
Eiaeono?eaeecaoeey. Iiaua eioi?iaoeeiiiua eaiaeu niinianoaotho
nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneei o?ainoi?iaoeeyi iauanoaa.
Aeey aeieiaeono?eaeueiiai ia?eiaea oa?aeoa?ai o?aaeeoeeiiiue oei iauaiey
«ec ono a onoa»; a eiaeono?eaeueiii ia?yaeo n yoei o?aaeeoeeiiiui
iauaieai nouanoaoao e aeenoaioeeiiiay eiiioieeaoeey, nia/aea i?e iiiiue
aacao, a iicaeiaa — ?aaeei e oaeaaeaeaiey.
Ooieoeeiiaeueiay naycue iaaeaeo i?ioeannii eiaeono?eaeecaoeee e
?acaeoeai IE (ia?aay noeioee?oao e iaoa?eaeueii iaania/eaaao iineaaeiea,
NIE aea niinianoaotho ?inoo oaiiia eiaeono?eaeecaoeee) oa?aeoa?ecoaony
oai, /oi eaaeaeay nooiaiue a ?acaeoee NIE nicaeaao i?aaeiinueee aeey
aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey a noa?a eiaeono?eaeecaoeee.
Yeiiiie/aneia ?acaeoea i?eaiaeeo e o?aaiecaoeee nioeeoia; o?aaiecaoeey
(n iiauoaieai ia?aciaaiey) i?eaiaeeo e anaaic?anoathuae a?aiioiinoe
ianaeaiey, eioi?ay, a naith i/a?aaeue, i?eaiaeeo e ?inoo aoaeeoi?ee
aacao; i?anna oaaee/eaaao iieeoe/aneoth aiaaaee?iaaiiinoue iann,
niinianoaoao i?iaoaeaeaieth eo iieeoe/aneeo eioa?ania; iannu oaea a yoii
ea/anoaa ia/eiatho o/anoaiaaoue a i?ioeanna oiaiueoaiey aeaaeaiey
i?aaeoaeuenoaa ia i?anno.
Eiaeono?eaeueiia iauanoai niaieeinue iinoeiaeono?eaeueiui, eiaaea
i?iecioea niaoeeaeecaoeey, naycaiiay n ?inoii, oae iacuaaaiie noa?u
ianeoaeeaaiey.
Eiaeono?eaeecaoeey niinianoaiaaea ?acaeoeth niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo
eiiioieeaoeee – nenoaia ia?aciaaiey e nenoaia iaaeee/iinoiuo n?aaenoa
nayce (oaeaoii, oaeaa?ao, ii/oa), ?ann/eoaiiuo ia iio?aaiinoe e aeonu
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo a?oii Aoaeeoi?ee — ?anoe?aiea nenoaiu aunoaai
ia?aciaaiey oaeiaeaoai?yao aieaa niaoeeaeece?iaaiiua ioaeaeu, /ai
ia/aeueiia e n?aaeiaa; oaaee/aiea iauaia ia?aciaaoaeueiiai oaeaaeaeaiey
e ?aaeei; ?acaeoea eiiia?/aneeo nenoai eiiioieeaoeee.
Iinea aeieaiai ia?eiaea ?aaneiai, e?aiinoiiai o?oaea, ?aianeaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa noaea aicieeaoue iaiooaeoo?ecaoeey i?iecaiaenoaa –
i?ienoiaeeei iauaaeeiaiea ethaeae, niaoeeaeece?othueony ia ioaeaeueiie
iia?aoeee, ia nicaeaiee ioaeaeueiie aeaoaee oiaa?a. I?iecaiaenoai noaei
iio?aaeyoue caieth, aicaeoo, aiaeo – ana oi, /oi n/eoaeinue iauei
aeaaii. Iiyaeeanue nioeeaeueiay iio?aaiinoue a niaoeeaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe eae ii iauyniaieth naiiai yoiai oaeoa, oae e niyoeth
aiciiaeiuo iai?yaeaiee a iauanoaa. Yoa iio?aaiinoue ioaeaeaeanue a iiauo
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo eaiaeao iaaeaeo i?iecaiaenoaii e ianaeaieai.
Ca?iaeeaoeany aiineaaenoaee I?-no?oeoo?u — ioeeee ia yoo iio?aaiinoue.
Ii?aaeaeeeanue oeao?a (nioeeaeueiay ?ieue) aeaaeaeueoea aioiaiai
i?iaeoeoa, ioee/iay io ?aaioieea. I?e yoii o aeaaeaeueoea iiyaeeanue
iaiaoiaeeiinoue a iinoiyiiii iauaiee ni naieie ?aaioieeaie. ?aaioiee a
ia iaiueoae noaiaie ioaeaeaeny a eioi?iaoeeiiiii iaania/aiee, naycaiiii
n ianniaui i?iecaiaenoaii oiaa?a, o.a. a ?aeeaia. ?ino
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea i?eaae e oiio, /oi i?iecaiaenoai noaei
ianniaui. I?iaeaia – eae i?iaeaoue.
6. Eioi?iaoeeiiiia iauanoai e aai iniiaiua /a?ou. Ii?aaeaeaiea
eioi?iaoeeiiiiai iauanoaa. I?ioeann oi?ie?iaaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiiai
iauanoaa. Nianoaaiiinoue a eioi?iaoeeiiiii iauanoaa. Eaeea ?aaeee
nia?aiaiiiai ?inneeneiai iauanoaa iicaieytho ?anniao?eaaoue aai eae
eioi?iaoeeiiiia iauanoai, a eaeea – iao? Noaiaiue ?acaeoey NIE a ?innee
*aoaa?oay noaaeey ?acaeoey oeeaeeecaoeee, i eioi?ie noaee aiai?eoue a
iineaaeiae o?aoe XX a., — oae iacuaaaiia eioi?iaoeeiiiia iauanoai —
eiaao a ea/anoaa nouiinoiie oa?aeoa?enoeee oaeie iieacaoaeue, eae
caiyoinoue iniiaiie iannu ianaeaiey a eioi?iaoeeiiiuo noa?ao
aeayoaeueiinoe
Eniieueciaaiea iiauo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo e eiiioieeaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaee e
iiaua iaeanoe eo i?eiaiaiey ia iniiaa ioeueoeiaaeea — ?aaioa ia aeiio,
iieoiea oiaa?ia /a?ac Eioa?iao, ianeoaeeaaiea eeeaioia a ?aaeeia
?aaeueiiai a?aiaie (on-line), eaaaeueiia OA e o. i. — eciaiytho iuiaoiaa
eiaeono?eaeueiia iauanoai. Iiyoiio aoaeouaa iauanoai i?aaenoaaeyaony eae
iauanoai, a eioi?ii aieueoay ?aaioathuay /anoue ianaeaiey caiyoa a
iaeanoe i?iecaiaenoaa, ia?aaioee e iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae. I?iecaiaenoai e
?ani?aaeaeaiea oiaa?ia ana aieueoa noaiiayony caaeneiuie io yooaeoeaiie
eioi?iaoeeiiiie e eiiioieeaoeeiiiie naoe. A eioi?iaoeeiiiay
aeinooiiinoue i?eaaaeao e eciaiaieth yeiiiie/aneie no?oeoo?u
eiaeono?eaeueiiai e ianeoaeeaathuaai iauanoaa a no?oeoo?o iauanoaa
eioi?iaoeeiiiiai.
Iniiaiie nianoaaiiinoueth oaeiai iauanoaa yaeyaony ia caiey e caeaiey,
eae yoi auei ?aiueoa, a eioi?iaoeey. Oa?aeoa?enoeeie yoie nianoaaiiinoe
yaeyaony oi, /oi ana iiaoo iieueciaaoueny ae niaianoii. E iauaeo
nianoaaiiinoe ia?anoaao auoue oece/aneei.
7. Aeeyiea NIE ia nenoaiioth noaaeeueiinoue nioeeoia. Acaeiinaycue
eiiioieeaoeaiie e nioeeaeueiie nenoai. ?ieue eiiioieeaoeaiuo nenoai a
oi?ie?iaaiee nioeeoia. NIE eae ?aaoeyoi? nioeeaeueiie noaaeeueiinoe
Aeeyiea NIE ia nenoaiioth noaaeeueiinoue nioeeoia. Iiiuoea aia?eeaineiai
niaoeeaeenoa Aea Oethy?a i?eiaieoue nenoaiiue iiaeoiae e NIE. Ei auee
enneaaeiaaiu ioiioaiey iaaeaeo niaea?aeaieai i?iaeoeoeee iann-iaaeea e
aeonaie aoaeeoi?ee. I?e yoii NIE ?anniao?eaaeenue eae iaeioi?ua
aaoiiiiiua (nioeeaeueiua) nenoaiu, ninoiyuea ec niaieoiiinoe iiaenenoai.
A oi aea a?aiy NIE “aienaiu” a iaeioi?oth aiaoithth nenoaio,
i?aaenoaaeythuoth niaie niaieoiiinoue nioeeaeueiuo, eoeueoo?iuo e
yeiiiie/aneeo oneiaee.
Nioeeaeueiay nenoaia IE ninoieo ec ianeieueeeo aaaeiaeoeo ninoaaeythueo:
aoaeeoi?ee, aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiie ii aeonai, ia?aciaaoaeueiiio o?iaith,
aic?anoo e o.ae.; i?aaiecaoeee enneaaeiaaiey aoaeeoi?ee; i?aaiecaoeee,
nicaeathueo e ?ani?ino?aiythueo niaea?aeaiea IE; niiini?ia eee
?aeeaiiaeaoaeae; ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa. Ii niaea?aeaiea IE ii ?anniao?eaae,
a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, eae ?acaeaeaoaeueiia.
Iiieii yoiai auaeaeyaony oaeaea iiaenenoaia eiio?iey, aeeth/athuay a
naay: niaieoiiinoue caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo i?aaiia ?acee/iiai o?iaiy;
aaaionoaa ii eiio?ieth ca niaethaeaieai ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia;
naiiaeayoaeueiua annioeeaoeee, niinianoaothuea eiio?ieth.
Aaciaui oneiaeai, iaania/eaathuei ooieoeeiie?iaaiea nenoaiu IE a oeaeii,
yaeyaony oeiainiaue. Ii a oi aea a?aiy ana caaeneo io aoaeeoi?ee, eae
oeaio?aeueiiai eiiiiiaioa nenoaiu. ?aoathuei, n oi/ee c?aiey
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey NIE, yaeyaony iaania/aiea aoaeeoi?ee
“?acaeaeaoaeueiui” niaea?aeaieai. ?acaeaeaoaeueiia niaea?aeaiea
auaeaeyaony eiaiii iioiio, /oi iii niiniaii i?eaeaeaoue naiua oe?ieea
neie “ieaoaaeaniiniaiie” /anoe aoaeeoi?ee. Iio?aaeaiea ?acaeaeaoaeueiiai
niaea?aeaiey ia?ac?uaii naycaii n iio?aaeaieai ?aeeaiu oao eee eiuo
i?iaeoeoia e oneoa. Oaeei ia?acii, NIE i/aaeaeii niinianoaotho oiio,
/oiau i?aaenoaaeoaee aoaeeoi?ee aeoeaii eniieiyee ?ieue iio?aaeoaeae
?aeeaie?oaiuo i?iaeoeoia e, oai naiui, niinianoaiaaee iiaeaea?aeaieth
anae nenoaiu a ?aaiiaaniii ninoiyiee.
Nouanoaotho ii?aaeaeaiiua o?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua a yoie nayce e
iaoa?eaeai NIE. Iie aeieaeiu i?eaeaeaoue aieiaiea aoaeeoi?ee,
niinianoaiaaoue oaaaeaeaieth a iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?eia?aoaiey ?acee/iuo
oiaa?ia. Aianoa n oai, iie aeieaeiu iaoiaeeoueny a ?aieao neiaeeaoeony
ii?aeueiuo ii?i e noaiaea?oia. Yoi iicaieeo ecaaaeaoue iaaeaeaoaeueiuo
naieoeee a ioiioaiee i?iecaiaeeoaeae iaoa?eaeia ni noi?iiu ?aaoee?othueo
eiiiiiaioia nenoaiu.
Oaeei ia?acii, ianniaia niaea?aeaiea yaeyaony eeth/aaui yeaiaioii iaaeea
nenoaiu. O?aineyoeey iaoa?eaeia, aaeaeaaoiuo aeonai iaeaieaa
iiiai/eneaiiie /anoe aoaeeoi?ee, yaeythuaeny iaeiia?aiaiii iaeaieueoei
naaiaioii ?uiea, iicaieyao iaania/eaaoue oeiainiaoth noaaeeueiinoue
nenoaiu a oeaeii.
8. Nioeeaeueiue noauaeo. *oi oaeia «Nioeeaeueiue noauaeo»?
Ioa?aeoa?ecoeoa ?ieue aeaiiiai iiiyoey a oai?ee ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee.
Iaciaeoa oeiu nioeeaeueiuo noauaeoia e ioa?aeoa?ecoeoa eo. Eae ?acaeoea
IE naycaii n ?acaeoeai nioeeaeueiuo noauaeoia? N eaeie ia?eaoeiaiaie
eaoaai?eae iiaeii niioianoe eaoaai?eth «nioeeaeueiiai noauaeoa»? *oi
iaaeaeo ieie iauaai e a /ai ninoiyo ?acee/ey iaaeaeo ieie? Noauaeo e
noauaeou ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee
Nioeeaeueiue noauaeo – enoi/iee oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie aeoeaiinoe, eiaeeaeae
eee a?oiia eiaeeaeaeia, eioi?ay ?aaeecoao naiinoiyoaeueii aua?aiiua
i?ia?aiiu aeaenoaee, niinianoaothuea aeinoeaeaieth naiinoiyoaeueii
aua?aiiuo e iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae. A yoii e ninoieo aeaaiia ioee/ea
noauaeoia – oieueei noauaeo inouanoaeyao oeaeaiieaaathuoth aeayo-oue e
ii?aaeaeyao oneiaey e n?aaenoaa aa aeinoeaeaiey. I?e yoii aeey
aeinoeaeaiey oeaee noauaeoii iiaoo i?eaeaeaoueny ae?oaea eiaeeaeaeu eee
a?oiiu eiaeeaeaeia n ioee/iuie oeaeyie.
Nioeeaeueiue noauaeo iaeaaeaao niaoeeoe/aneeie eioa?anaie e
iio?aaiinoyie, eioi?ua, eae i?aaeei, aoiaeyo a i?ioeai?a/ea n eioa?anaie
ae?oaeo nioeeaeueiuo a?oii. Noauaeoa, nioeeaeueiay einoaioeey, /ueth
iio?aaiinoue oaeiaeaoai?yao i?iaeoeo aeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Aeey
noauaeoa aaaeiaa anaai aai iio?aaiinoe, Ii aeey oiai, /oiau eo
oaeiaeaoai?youe, ii aeieaeai ?aaeeciaaoue eioa?an, o.a. inouanoaeyoue
oei aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ue iaiaoiaeei nenoaia. O.i. aeey noauaeoa
eioa?anu – n?aaenoai oaeiaeaoai?aiey aai iio?aaiinoae, a aeey nenoaiu
oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae noauaeoa – n?aaenoai ?aaeecaoeee aai
eioa?ania.
Noauaeoaie IE eae oaeiaie yaeythony nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu, ?aaeecothuea
naie iio?aaiinoe, naycaiiua n iaania/aieai oneiaee nianoaaiiiai
nouanoaiaaiey. Yoe iio?aaiinoe naycaiu n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth aianaiey a
ianniaia niciaiea nioeeaeueiuo onoaiiaie, au?aaeaiiuo a eo nianoaaiiie
eaeaieiaee. Enoiaey ec yoeo iio?aaiinoae, nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu
caeioa?aniaaiu i?iecaiaeeoue ianniaoth eioi?iaoeeth.
Noauaeou ianniai-eiiioieeaoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe ia eiatho oeaee
ananoi?iiiaai e iieiiai eioi?ie?iaaiey aoaeeoi?ee. Aeey ieo anaaaea ia
ia?aii ianoa inoathony eo oeaee, e eo iio?aaiinoue a i?eauee eee a
iniaii ioiioaiee ianniaie aoaeeoi?ee.
A i?ioeanna inouanoaeaiey ianniai-eiiioieeaoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
ea/anoai noauaeoia ia?aoatho:
– iineoaee nioeeaeueiuo eioa?ania (eo oeaee caeeth/athony ai aeeyiee ia
ianniaia niciaiea)
– aeaaeaeueoeu ioaeaeueiuo NIE eae noauaeou ?aaeecaoeee eiiia?/aneeo
eioa?ania
– aeo?iaeenou (eiiioieeaoi?u) eae noauaeou ?aaeecaoeee oai?/aneeo e
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo eioa?ania
– ianniaay aoaeeoi?ey eae niaieoiiinoue noauaeoia, eiathueo iauoth
oeaeue – iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee aeey i?eaioaoeee a n?aaea nouanoaiaaiey.
Noauaeoaie IE eae aeaea nioeeaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, eae i?aaeei,
aunooiatho nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu, caieiathueany o?aineyoeeae aeooiaiuo
cia/aiee a ianniaia niciaiea. Eaaeaeue ec o/anoieeia aeaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe oaeaea yaeyaony noauaeoii, ii noauaeoii ae?oaiai
aeayoaeueiinoiiai ?yaea. Ethaie noauaeo nai ii?aaeaeyao naie oeaee e
niiniau eo ?aaeecaoeee.
Nouanoaoao aeaa oeia nioeeaeueiuo noauaeoia – einoeoooeeaeece?iaaiiua
(o.a. iiaee?aieaiiua caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii – ianiaa?oaiiieaoiea,
iaineiia?u, nooaeaiou) e iaeinoeoooeeaeece?iaaiiua (iieiaeaaeue,
iiaeeeua ethaee) noauaeou.
Iniiaiua nioe. noauaeou iauanoaa:
5) aeanoue e a?aaeaeaia
6) ?aaioiaeaoaee e iaaiiua ?aaioieee
7) aiaaoua e aaaeiua
8) caiyoua a iauanoaaiiii i?iecaiaenoaa e iacaiyoua a iauanoaaiiii
i?iecaiaenoaa
Iiiyoea “nioeeaeueiue noauaeo” niioiineony n ia?eaoeiaiaie eaoaai?eae
“naaiaio ?uiea” – o.a. a?oiia iio?aaeoaeae, iaeaaeathueo noiaeiie
?aaeoeeae ia ia?eaoeiaiaia ia?ii?eyoea. Ia?eaoeiaiaay eiiioieeaoeey
yaeyaony /anoiui neo/aai ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee.
9. ?ieue noa?aioeiia a i?aaiecaoeee aeayoaeueiinoe NIE. *oi oaeia
noa?aioei? ?ieue e ooieoeee noa?aioeia a i?ioeanna aini?eyoey
eioi?iaoeee e a i?ioeanna eiiioieeaoeee. Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua e a?oiiiaua
noa?aioeiu. Iaoaieciu noa?aioeiecaoeee
Nouanoaoao aeieiiioieeaoeaiay e eiiioieeaoeaiay e iinoeiiioieeaoeaiay
noaaeee aeeyiey NIE. Noa?aioei ioiineoueny e aeieiiioieeaoeaiie noaaeee.
Iaoaieci noa?aioeiecaoeee. A eiioeaioeee Eeiiiaia noa?aioei ii naiae
oi?ia — yoi y?eia yiioeeiiaeueiia i?aaenoaaeaiea i yaeaiee eee
i?aaeiaoa, eioi?ia eae au caeeaaeuaaaony a niciaiea (iee?inenoaio) a
i?ioeanna nioeeaeecaoeee. Iniiaiay aai ooieoeey — eeanneoeoee?iaaoue e
iiin?aaeiaaoue iiaoth eioi?iaoeeth, neoaeeoue i?eaioe?ii a iiaaaeaiee.
Noa?aioei – iaeei ec aaaeiaeoeo iaoaieciia i?eniiniaeaiey /aeiaaea e
ie?o. Ana /aeiaa/aneia aini?eyoea noa?aioeiece?iaaii – eoeueoo?ie,
i?ioeui iiuoii e iaaeee/iinoiuie eiiioieeaoeeyie.
Noa?aioei – noaiaea?o, i?aaiecothuee aaeeiiia?aciia ioiioaiea a?oiiu e
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Noa?aioeiu – aaaeiay /anoue iaoaiecia /aeiaa/aneie
eiiioieeaoeee, iaiaoiaeeiu aeey i?aaiecaoeee iiaaaeaiey, eae eiaeeaeaea,
oae e oeaeie a?oiiu. Ii A?ooeio noa?aioei – yoi onoie/eaia
i?aaenoaaeaiea ia iauaeoa, oi?aaeythuaa aeaeueiaeoei aai aini?eyoeai e
ia?ee?othuaa aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue eae ciaeiioth eee iaciaeiioth.
Noa?aioei aeaenoaoao iaeiia?aiaiii e eae ii?aaaeuaathuaa n?aaenoai aeey
i?eiyoey eee iooaeeeaaiey yaeaiey, e eae n?aaenoai aai aeiee?iaaiey eee
ecae?aoaeueiiai aini?eyoey. Eaeay noa?aioeia ieacaea iiuiia aicaeaenoaea
ia oai?eth ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee. I?aaeaeu yooaeoeaiinoe eiiioieeaoeee
iaoiaeyony a i?yiie caaeneiinoe io noaiaie onoie/eainoe acaeyaeia
Aoaeeoi?ee.
A i?ioeanna nioeeaeecaoeee ia /aeiaaea ia?ooeaaaony ia?iiiia eie-ai
eioi?iaoeee. E ii au?aaaouaaao i?aaeea i?eaioaoeee, i?aaeea iiieiaiey
ethaie neooaoeee. O /aeiaaea oi?ie?oaony i?eau/ea oi?iuaiiiai iiieiaiey
niunea i?ienoiaeyuaai n iiiiuueth aaaaeaiey ii?aaeaeaiiinoe e /aoeinoe
?acee/ey, onoie/eainoe e noaaeeueiinoe niunea. A ?acoeueoaoa ciaeiiay
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue aini?eieiaaony eae “naiy”, iiceoeaiay (/anoi),
iaciaeiiay – eae a?aaeaeaaiay (ioeaii/iue oa?aeoa? noa?aioeia).
Noa?aioei onoie/ea, yiioeeiiaeueii ca?yaeai e oeene?iaai naiae
nioeeaeueiie ooieoeeae. A noa?aioeia eiiaeaine?oaony ioiioaiea aeaiiie
nioeeaeueiie a?oiiu e iauaeoo, i?aaenoaaeythuaio aeey a?oiiu aieueooth
oeaiiinoue, e oi?ioee?oaony i?aaenoaaeaiea a?oiiu i naiae iieiaeaiee
ioiineoaeueii ae?oaeo a?oii.
Noa?aioei i?eieiaao aeoeaiia o/anoea a ?acee/iuo i?ioeannao,
auiieiythueo ooieoeeth ineoieiae/aneie caueou, ii i?e yoii eiiaaea
eneaaeaao aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue.
Ooieoeee noa?aioeia a ?aaeueiie aeecie eiaeeaeaea:
1) Ooieoeey i?eniiniaeaiey niciaiey e oie eee eiie eoeueoo?a,
aiciiaeiinoue aac i?aaie/aneiai aoiaeaeaiey aioo?ue eoeueoo?u
/oanoaiaaoue naay aa iineoaeai.
2) Caueoiay (io?aiyao eiaeeaeaea io iioieia iiaie eioi?iaoeee
iin?aaenoaii ia-iniciaiii n?aaaouaathuae naiioeaico?u.
3) Ooieoeey ia?aaea/e yeaiaioia noaeoeueoo?u yoiina a enoi?e/aneii
ieaia.
A aeayoaeueiinoe IE noa?aioeiu eiatho nouanoaaiiia cia/aiea. Iii?a ia
nouanoaothuea a niciaiee iauanoaa noa?aioeiu iicaieyao IE aeiaeaaoueny
cae?aieaiey a ianniaii niciaiee oie eee eiie nenoaiu oeaiiinoae. Aeey
eciaiaiey ?aaeoeee aoaeeoi?ee e oi?ie?iaaiey ae?oaie nenoaiu oeaiiinoae
IE i?eaaaaao e oi?ie?iaaieth iiauo noa?aioeiia. Aicaeaenoaeth ia
oi?ie?iaaiea noa?aioeiia niinianoaoao nicaeaiea ian-niauie
eiiioieeaoeeyie nioeeaeueiuo ieoia. ?yae nioeeiineoieiaia (Ae. Eaooe, I.
Nieo, Aeae. A?oia?, ?. Oaeo, E. Naaiioo, Ae. Ociaaeca) auaeaeytho /aou?a
ooieoeee, auiieiyaiua onoaiiaeaie ii ioiioaieth e eiaeeaeaeo, i?e/eiu,
canoaaeythuea ethaeae i?eaea?aeeaaoueny eiathueony o ieo onoaiiaie: 1)
i?eniiniaeaiea; 2) caueoa naiaai «ss»; 3) au?aaeaiea oeaiiinoae; 4)
ciaiea.
10. Iiiyoea ia yooaeoeaiie eiiioieeaoeee. Oneiaey yooaeoeaiie
eiiioieeaoeee. I?eaaaeeoa i?eia?u. Aeeyiea ycuea ia yooaeoeaiinoue
i?ioeanna ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee. Aeeyiea oa?aeoa?enoee aoaeeoi?ee ia
yooaeoeaiinoue ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee. Aeeyiea oa?aeoa?enoee niiauaiey
ia yooaeoeaiinoue eiiioieeaoeee. No?aoaaee eco/aiey yooaeoeaiinoe
aicaeaenoaey NIE. Neiaeiinoue eco/aiey yooaeoia NIE
Iniiaiie yooaeo io aicaeaenoaey NIE – eciaiaiea iiaaaeaiey aoaeeoi?ee io
aicaeaenoaey NIE. Eciaiaiea iiaaaeaiey aoaeeoi?ee aeieaeii auoue
niaeaniaaii n ca?aiaa iinoaaeaiiuie oeaeyie. Iiae yooaeoii iiieiaaony
iaeee ioeeee. Eiiioieeaoeaiua yooaeou – eciaiaiea inaaaeiieaiiinoe i
oiaa?a eee oneoae eee eciaiaiea ioiioaiey e oiaa?o, oneoae/oi?aiaie
ia?ea. Yooaeoeaiinoue ?acee/atho ia: ia?eaoeiaiaoth e eiiioieeaoeaioth.
Aiai?y ia yooaeoeaiinoe eiiioieeaoeee, iaaei ioaeaaaoue naaa io/ao: iu
eiaai aeaei n nenoaiie, yeaiaioaie eioi?ie yaeythony oeaeaono?aieaiiua
iiaenenoaiu:
– Ecaeaoaeue;
– Eiiioieeaoi? a eeoea oeaeiai nioeeaeueiiai einoeoooa ni neiaeiui
iaoaieciii au?aaioee ?aoaiey, eioi?ue ninoieo a naith i/a?aaeue ec
?aciuo iiaenenoai: ?aaeaeoeeiiiiai eieeaeoeaa, eeoe, i?eieiathueo
?aoaiea, ioaeaeueiuo aeo?iaeenoia n eo i?ioanneiiaeueiui niciaieai e
aiaeoeeyie; ec iiaenenoaiu ni neiaeiui i?iecaiaenoaii eioi?iaoeeiiiuo
niiauaiee;
– Aoaeeoi?ey — iiaenenoaia, ii neiaeiinoe ia onooiathuay aeaoi
oiiiyiooui auoa.
Eaaeaeay ec yoeo iiaenenoai eiaao naie oeaee, eioi?ua iiaoo ia
niaiaaeaoue ii aaeoi?ai aeaeaeaiey. Nianoaaiii, aicieeaao aea?aai
oeaeae. Oaeei ia?acii, eneiiay yooaeoeaiinoue aicaeaenoaey niiauaiey ia
aoaeeoi?eth yaeyaony ?acoeueoe?othuae io oeaeae anao o/anoieeia
i?ioeanna.
I?ioeann eiiioieeaoeee anaaaea eioi?iaoeaai e ninoieo a ia?aaea/a
no?oeoo?: eiaieoeaiie, iiciaaaoaeueiie (iaeneiaeueii i?aaeiaoiie,
iauaeoiie, iauaeoeaiie); ioeaii/iie (eioi?ay iaeeaaeuaaao ia yoo
i?aaeiaoiinoue /aeiaa/aneea i?aaeii/oaiey, e iiyoiio yoa i?aaeiaoiinoue
ieacuaaaony ?aceiaeaiiie ii iiei/eai «oi?ioi — ieioi»); yeni?anneaiie
(iaeneiaeueii iai?aaeiaoiie, ninoaaeythuae no?oeoo?o /aeiaa/aneeo
yiioeee e yeni?annee).
Iniiaiie yooaeo io aicaeaenoaey NIE – eciaiaiea iiaaaeaiey aoaeeoi?ee
(iii aeieaeii auoue niaeaniaaii n ca?aiaa iinoaaeaiiie oeaeueth)
Iaoaea/e eiiioieeaoeee:
– eiiioieeaoeey ieacuaaaony iaonoaiiaeaiiie, o.a. eciaiaiey iiaaaeaiey
noauaeoa ia iaaethaeaaony
– eiiioieeaoeey iiaeao ieacaoueny ia yooaeoeaiie, o.a. iiaaaeaiea
noauaeoa eciaieeinue, ii ia oae, eae yoiai iaeeaeae enoi/iee
eiiioieeaoeee.
Eiiioieeaoeey, aeinoeaoay naieo oeaeae, n/eoaaony yooaeoeaiie.
Oneiaey yooaeoeaiie eiiioieeaoeee:
– ciaiea ycuea/iaee/ea aeinooiiiai ycuea eiiioieeaoeee (nioeeaeueiiai
ycuea)
– oeaia aeinoeaeaiey yooaeoa (noaiiaeony aeooaeueiui i?e cao?oaeiaiiie
eiiioieeaoeee).
– aeinooiiinoue n?aaenoa IE.
Ioeaaia, aaciaia oneiaea aeey yooaeoeaiie eiiioieeaoeee (iu ioaeaeaainy
io iaaa?aaeueiuo aa niiniaia ia iioiio, /oi iie ia aaaeiu, a iioiio, /oi
eo ?ieue ieieiaeueia, eiaiii a ianniauo eiiioieeaoeeyo, oioy ieieea
aaaeouaai e oeaao aai aaenooea iiaoo iiiaia eciaieoue a iiai aini?eyoee
aai) — iauee ycue. A yenia?eiaioao, (1967-1971 aa.), O. Ae?eaeca
iaia?oaeeea, /oi Aoaeeoi?ey n?aaeiaai i?iiuoeaiiiai ai?iaea NNN? aeaao
ioeai/iia oieeiaaiea eee ia ciaao cia/aiey neia: «aoiaeanaa?» «aa?iaoo»
«eeaa?ae» e «i?ienee» e o.ae.
Oaaaeaeaiea aace?oaony ia aeiaa?ee e enoi/ieeo. Ethaee eo/oa caiiieiatho
e onaaeaatho eioi?iaoeeth, eioi?ay iniaui ia?acii i?aaieciaaia. Aeeyao
ia ieo e ioiioaiea e Eiiioieeaoi?o. I?e/ai ia?niiaeee, io eioi?uo
enoiaeyo iiainoe, eiiaaea iieuecothony aieueoei aeiaa?eai, /ai
eiiioieeaoeeiiiua eaiaeu a oeaeii, eioi?ua iie i?aaenoaaeytho.
N?aaee oa?aeoa?enoee niaea?aeaiey, eioi?ua oae eee eia/a — eae oaeoi?u
eee aa?uea?u — aeeytho ia enoiae eiiioieeaoeee, enneaaeiaaoaee
oiiieiatho oaio niiauaiey, nenoaio a?aoiaioaoeee, aa eiae/iinoue,
aeinoiaa?iinoue, iainiiaaiiinoue, iieiioo, i?aaenoaaeaiea a?aoiaioia ca
e i?ioea, noeeenoe/aneia e eiiiiceoeeiiiia ioi?ieaiea oaenoa,
aiaeeyoeeth e /oanoaai e o. ae.
Ioaeaeueii noieo auaeaeeoue a?oiio oaeoi?ia eiiioieeaoeaiie ianoaiiaee.
Ecaanoii, iai?eia?, /oi a neooaoeee, eioi?ay aeecea e yeno?aiaeueiie, iu
iiiaioaeueii ?aaae?oai ia niiauaiey oeia «Iiaea?!». Aia?eeaineee
nioeeiineoieia X. Eyio?ee i?aaeeiaeee iacaaiea aeey oaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoa
— «e?eoe/aneay neooaoeey».
Ana enneaaeiaaoaee ianniauo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia ioia/atho, /oi
aeaenoaea NIE aeeth/aao a naay o?e yoaia:
– iiaee?aieaiea iiceoeee, oaaaeaeaiee, ciaiee, ii?i, eioi?ua eiaao naia
Aoaeeoi?ey — yoi auoaeaao ec ecae?aoaeueiiai iiaeoiaea Aoaeeoi?ee e NIE;
– iaeay eiiaa?ney iiceoeee Aoaeeoi?ee;
– nouiinoiay eiiaa?ney
Iaiaoiaeeii o iiiyiooue i Iiaeaee Aiee-?iee/ e Aea Oethy?(a iaa aoiaeyo
3 oai?ee).Oai?ey eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo ?acee/ee Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua ?acee/ey a
ineoieiae/aneie e eiaieoeaiie no?oeoo?a /eaiia aoaeeoi?ee yaeythony
iniiaiuie oaeoi?aie, oi?ie?othueie eo aieiaiea e iaaeea e eo iiaaaeaiea
ii ioiioaieth e ianoaeaeaaiui oai i?iaeaiai e iauaeoai. Oai?ey
nioeeaeueiie aeeooa?aioeeaoeee, oi iia ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi ethaee
eiie?aoiie nioeei-aeaiia?aoe/aneie eaoaai?ee (iai?eia?, iaeiiai
aic?anoa, iiea, o?iaiy aeioiaea, aa?ieniiaaaeaiey) /anoi aaaeoo naay
iaeeiaeiai. Aaaeiui aeiiieiaieai e yoei aeaoi oi?ioee?iaeai naeaeoeaiiai
aeeyiey noaea oai?ey nioeeaeueiiai aeeyiey, ooaa?aeaeathuay, /oi nayce n
naiueae, ae?ocueyie, eieeaaaie e o.ae. iiaoo ieacuaaoue neeueiia aeeyiea
ia aini?eyoea ethaeueie niiauaiee ianniaaeea.
No?aoaaee eco/aiey yooaeoeaiinoe aicaeaenoaey NIE. Iao oi/iiai
iaoaiaoe/aneiai aiia?aoa, eioi?ue iicaieee au aueoe ia eiia/ioth
yooaeoeaiinoue. Auaeaeytho aeaa no?aoaaee ?ani?ino?aiaiiua a
naaiaeiyoieo ia?eaoeiaiauo e nioeeieiae/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo.
1)eaai?aoi?iua enneaaeiaaiey, onoaiaaeeaathuea iaeioi?ua caaeneiinoe
iaaeaeo ?aaeoeeyie i?eaiieea ia aeaiiino?e?oaiia niiauaiea aecoaeueiiai
oa?aeoa?a (iaoaie/aneay ?aaeno?aoeey iai?aaeaiey acaeyaea); caia?u
?aaeoeee ia ninoaaeythuea niiauaiey, eiaaea iie aunooiatho a ?iee
ia?aiaiiuo (oeaao, o?eoo, eiiiiceoeey). Yoi iiaoo auoue oaeaea ?aaiou n
a?oiiaie ia i?aaeiao iniciaiey, eioa?i?aoaoeee niiauaiey, n
eniieueciaaieai naiaioe/aneiai aeeooa?aioeeaea e o. ae. Eiuie neiaaie,
i?e yoie no?aoaaee i?aaeiieaaaaony onoaiiaeaiea iaeioi?ie nayce a ia?a
«iaeei iieo/aoaeue — iaeii niiauaiea» eee «iaaieueoia /enei iieo/aoaeae
— iaaieueoia /enei niiauaiee».2) ianniaua ii?inu, eiaaea ii aa?aaeueiiio
iiaaaeaieth ii?aoeaaaiuo iu iiaeai noaeeoue ia eo eioi?ie?iaaiiinoe, eo
ioeaieao.
11. Yooaeou IE. Iiiyoea ia yooaeoao IE. Eeanneoeeaoeey yooaeoia
eiiioieeaoeee i?e iiiiue NIE. Ia?a/eneeoa iniiaiua yooaeou aicaeaenoaey
NIE. I?eaaaeeoa i?eia?u oaeeo yooaeoia a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo.
Ia?a/eneeoa e ioa?aeoa?ecoeoa yoaiu eco/aiey NIE
Iniiaiie yooaeo io aicaeaenoaey NIE – eciaiaiea iiaaaeaiey aoaeeoi?ee io
aicaeaenoaey NIE. Eciaiaiea iiaaaeaiey aoaeeoi?ee aeieaeii auoue
niaeaniaaii n ca?aiaa iinoaaeaiiuie oeaeyie. Iiae yooaeoii iiieiaaony
iaeee ioeeee. Eiiioieeaoeaiua yooaeou – eciaiaiea inaaaeiieaiiinoe i
oiaa?a eee oneoae eee eciaiaiea ioiioaiey e oiaa?o, oneoae/oi?aiaie
ia?ea. Yooaeoeaiinoue ?acee/atho ia: ia?eaoeiaiaoth e eiiioieeaoeaioth.
ssaeyynue i?aaiaoe/aneie (ia?eaoeiaiaay yooaeoeaiinue) aeayoaeueiinoueth
NIE noaaeo oeaee: ioneaaeeaaoue, a eaeoth oeaio iaoiaeeony aa eoia
(yooaeoeaiinoue). I?e eiiioieeaoeaiie yooaeoeaiinoe iiae?acoiaaaaony
ethaie ioeeee. Eiiioieeaoeaiay yooaeoeaiinoue ia eiaao noieiinoiiai
au?aaeaiey, ii iiaeao ioeaieaaoueny noieiinoueth ioeeeea.
Ii iiaieth iiiaeo enneaaeiaaoaeae, ia eoia aicaeaenoaey NIE iiaoo
aeeyoue: auai? c?eoaeai, /eoaoaeai, neooaoaeai iaoa?eaea, aini?eyoea
yoiai iaoa?eaea, i?aaenoaaeaiey iio?aaeoaey ia enoi/ieea (aeiaa?ea e
iaio, aai i?anoeae e o. i.), i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue iio?aaeoaey e oie eee
eiie nioeeaeueiie i?ineieea, aeoeaiinoue eeaea?a iiaiey a?oiiu, e
eioi?ie iio?aaeoaeue i?eiaaeeaaeeo, naiaeiia iieiaeaiea,
ia?aciaaoaeueiue e eoeueoo?iue o?iaaiue iio?aaeoaey, i?e?iaea naiiai
eioi?iaoeeiiiiai n?aaenoaa, iniaaiiinoe aai niaea?aeaiey, nioeeaeueiua
oneiaey, a eioi?uo i?ienoiaeeo eiiioieeaoeey.
A 30 o aiaeao 20ai aaea. Eaca?noaeueae aeae oeiieiaeth yooaeoia —
iaiaaeeaiiua, e?aoein?i/iua, aeieain?i/iua e einoeoooeeiiiua, a oaeaea
oeacae aiciiaeiua i?e/eiu yoeo yooaeoia — ioaeaeueiua aeiee oaenoia
(?aaeeiia?aaea/a, iai?eia?), aeai? («iueueiay iia?a»), yeiiiie/aneay e
nioeeaeueiay no?oeoo?a n?aaenoa ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee (/anoay eee
iauanoaaiiay), oaoiieiae/aneay i?e?iaea eaiaea eiiioieeaoeee.
Yooaeou auaatho caieaie?iaaiiuie e iacaieaie?iaaiiuie, iniiaiuie e
iiai/iuie, iaiiaaiiuie e ioeiaeaiiuie, aeieain?i/iua e e?aoein?i/iua.
Iniiaiua yooaeou:
– eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue ioaao (ioeeee) – i?ioeann, n iiiiuueth eioi?iai
i?ienoiaeeo eciaiaiea onoaiiaie, ciaiee, iiaaaeaiey eee eo cae?aieaiea
(a ea/anoaa ?aaeoeee ia niiauaiea)
– eaiiaiey a NIE (eniieueciaaiea ianeieueeeo eaiaeii IE – /aua anaai a
iieeoeea e iio?aaeoaeueneie ?aeeaia)
– eiaeeaeaeoaeueiay ?aaeoeey (ninoieo ec iaieaie?oaiuo eiiioieeaoi?ii
iineaaenoaee. I?ienoiaeeo ca n/ao eieoaoeee e iao/aiey), iai?eia?,
neaaeiaaiea iiaui aeeciaiiui noeeyi, i?iyaeaiey no?aoa e o.ae.
– ?ani?ino?aiaiea eiiiaaoeee
– ?ani?aaeaeaiea eioi?iaoeee e ciaiee (neaaenoaea aeayoaeueiinoe NIE ii
?ani?ino?aiaieth eioi?iaoeee niauoeeiiai oa?aeoa?a. Ca/anooth
i?ienoiaeeo ia?aaiiia?iia ?ani?aaeaeaiea eioi?iaoeee iaaeaeo
nioeeaeueiuie a?oiiaie, a oaeaea auai?i/iay ?annoaiiaea i?ei?eoaoia i?e
inaauaiee oao eee eiuo o?aaiaioia ?aaeueiinoe).
– nioeeaeecaoeey (aeeyiea NIE ia i?ioeannu iao/aiey e i?eiyoey ii?i e
oeaiiinoae, ia?acoeia iiaaaeaiey a eiie?aoiie nioeeaeueiie neooaoeee)
– nioeeaeueiue eiio?ieue (iiaeaea?aeea noaaeeueiinoe neiaeeaoaainy
nioeeaeueiiai ii?yaeea)
– i?aaenoaaeaiea nioeeaeueiie ?aaeueiinoe (i?iecaiaenoai ciaiee e
iiaiee)
– einoeoooeeiiaeueiua eciaiaiey (?acoeueoao iaieaie?oaiiai
i?eniiniaeaiey nouanoaothueo einoeoooia e ?acaeoeth NIE)
– eoeueoo?iua eciaiaiey (o?ainoi?iaoeee iaeaieaa iaueo ia?acoeao
oeaiiinoae, iiaaaeaiey, i?enoueo ioaeaeueiui nioea?oiiai, iauanoao a
oeaeii eee niaieoiiinoe iauanoa).
?ani?ino?aiaiiay a ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaieyo eeanneoeeaoeey,
i?aaenoaaeaiiay X. Oeaieiaii: aieiaiea, eioi?ie?iaaiiinoue, eiaieoeaiue
yooaeo (/oi eiie?aoii i?eiiieiatho ?aniiiaeaiou e eaeei ia?acii yoi
au?aaeatho), ioeaii/iue yooaeo (i?aaeii/oaiea, auai? ec I?aaeeiaeaiiuo
aa?eaioia, iainiiaaiea, ii/aio i?aaeony), eiiaoeaiue yooaeo
(iiaaaeai/aneee yooaeo a ianoaiiaea yenia?eiaioa), eiiioieeaoeaiua,
?acaeaeaoaeueiue.
Iaeiei ec ?acoeueoaoia eco/aiey eciaiaiee a onoaiiaeao, nua?aaoeo
aaaeioth ?ieue a iiieiaiee ethaeueie iaaeea, auea eaeay eiaieoeaiiai
niioaaonoaey e naycaiiuo n iae iiiyoee eiaieoeaiiai aeenniiaina e
naeaeoeaiuo i?ioeannia. Enneaaeiaaoaee iaia?oaeeee, /oi ethaee auae?atho
niiauaiey, niioaaonoaothuea ioeaieai e oaaaeaeaieyi aeeaeaeoaai
ie?oaeaiey. Yoi icia/aao, /oi /aeiaae no?aieony nio?aieoue naie iiaiey,
ecaaaay niiauaiee, eioi?ua iiaoo eo eciaieoue. Iiae eiaieoeaiui
niioaaonoaeai noaee iiieiaoue e oaiaeaioeeth (ni noi?iiu eiaeeaeaeia)
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue eee aica?auaoueny e ninoiyieth eiaieoeaiiai aaeaina, e
yoi no?aieaiea e ?aaiiaaneth ii?aaeaeyao oio oei iiaoaeeoaeueiie
eiiioieeaoeee, e eioi?iio eiaeeaeae iiaeao ieacaoueny aini?eei/eaui.
Oanoeiaa? iauyniee nooue oai?ee aeenniiaina oae: ethaay eioi?iaoeey, ia
niioaaonoaothuay eiathueiny o /aeiaaea ioeaieai e oaaaeaeaieyi, aucuaaao
ineoieiae/aneee aeeneiioi?o (aeenniiain), io eioi?iai iaiaoiaeeii
ecaaaeoueny;
Eco/aiea yooaeoia aeayoaeueiinoe NIE i?aaeiieaaaao enneaaeiaaiea
eciaiaiee a niciaiee e iiaaaeaiee ethaeae, i?ienoiaeyueo iiae
aicaeaenoaeai ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee. Auaeaeytho o?e iniiaiuo yoaia
enneaaeiaaiey yooaeoia.
Ia ia?aii yoaia enneaaeiaaiee (a 20-30-a aiaeu XX a.) i?aaeiieaaaeinue,
/oi ianniaay eiiioieeaoeey iaeaaeaao i/aiue aieueoeie aiciiaeiinoyie
aicaeaenoaey. Oaeea iiiyoey eae “oai?ey iaae/aneiai nia?yaea” eee
“oai?ey iiaeeiaeiie eaeu” aeinoaoi/ii oi/ii io?aaeatho ?aiiea
eiioeaiooaeueiua iino?iaiey.
Ia aoi?ii yoaia enneaaeiaaiee (n na?aaeeiu 40-o aei ia/aea 70-o aiaeia)
auynieeinue, /oi i?aaeiieaaaaiua ?aiaa iiuiua yooaeou ianniaie
eiiioieeaoeee ia iaoiaeyo yiie?e/aneiai iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey. Iiyoiio
aeiieie?othueie a oio ia?eiae auee “oai?ee ia?aie/aiiuo yooaeoia”
ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee.
O?aoee yoai enneaaeiaaiey yooaeoia (n ia/aea 70-o aiaeia ii ianoiyuaa
a?aiy) oa?aeoa?ecoaony oai, /oi ionoonoaoao eaeia-eeai iaeii aaaeouaa
oai?aoe/aneia iai?aaeaiea. Iieacaoaeueii, /oi /anoue enneaaeiaaoaeae
aa?ioeenue e i?aaenoaaeaieyi i cia/eoaeueiuo aiciiaeiinoyo aicaeaenoaey
ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee.
12. Ainoaea?noai e NIE. Iiynieoa oeaee e iaoaieciu acaeiiaeaenoaey NIE n
?acee/iuie aaoayie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe. *oi iiae?acoiaaaaony a
ii?aaeaeaiee NIE eae «/aoaa?oie aeanoe»? Ia?a/eneeoa iniiaiua
ii?iaoeaiua iiaeaee iaaeea e aeaeoa ei e?aoeea oa?aeoa?enoeee. *oi
i?aaenoaaeytho niaie eaeaieiaey e i?iiaaaiaea? Eaeoth ?ieue iie ea?atho
a aeayoaeueiinoe NIe?
NIE yaeyaony nioeeaeueiui einoeoooii e a aa aeayoaeueiinoe noaeeeaathony
eioa?anu ?aciuo nioeeaeueiuo noauaeoia. I?aaeinoaaeye o?eaoio ?aciui
oi/eai c?aiey, NIE aeooaeece?otho iineaaeiea, ia aino?aaiaaiiua
caeiiiaeaoaeueiie e eniieieoaeueiie aeanoueth. NIE o/anoaotho a
?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee e oaeoeee nioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey. Aeey iauanoaaiiuo
nee, ia aioaaeoeo a aeooaeueiue ninoaa caeiiiaeaoaeueiie e
eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe NIE aunooiaao eae n?aaenoai aeooaeecaoeee
aicc?aiee. Eiaiii iiyoiio NIE /anoi iacuaatho “/aoaa?oie aeanoueth”. NIE
oaeaea aunooiaao a ea/anoaa naiaia?aciiai eiio?iey, e?eoeee oaeouae
iieeoeee eniieieoaeueiuo e caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo no?oeoo?. NIE ioeaieaatho
ninoiyiea aeae a oao eee eiuo naeoi?ao nioeeaeueiie aeecie, i?aaeeaaatho
niaaou, auaeaeaatho o?aaiaaiey e oai, eoi ai?aaa i?eieiaoue
iaycaoaeueiua aeanoiua ?aoaiey. Ia noieo caauaaoue e i oaeii iiiyoee,
eae “aeanoue iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey”. Acaeiiioiioaiey NIE e ainoaea?noaa
?aaoee?othony caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii. A aeecie nouanoaoao o?e oi?iu yoiai
acaeiiaeaenoaey:
– ainoaea?noai aeaaeaao NIE e iieiinoueth ii?aaeaeyao eo iieeoeeo
– ainoaea?noai ia aeaaeaao NIE, ii aeeyao ia eo iieeoeeo A ia?aii e
aoi?ii neo/ayo, i?e oioaeeoa?iuo oi?iao ainoaea?noaaiiinoe, ?aai/ei
eino?oiaioii ioiioaiee ainoaea?noaa e NIE yaeyaony oeaico?a.
– NIE io?aaeaao ieth?aeeci nioeeaeueiuo e yeiiiie/aneeo ioiioaiee
Nouanoaotho /anoe/iua ia?aie/aiey aeayoaeueiinoe i?annu, ?aaoee?oaiua
/anoiuie naiaeaie caeiiia (iai?eia?, iaycaoaeueiay ia?ee?iaea oeeueiia,
niaea?aeaueo noeaiu y?ioeee eee ianeeey e o.ae.). A iaoaiecia
inouanoaeaiey caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe anoue neooaoeee ioaee/iiai
oa?aeoa?a (iai?eia?, canaaeaiey e o.ae.), inaauaaiua a NIE. I?anna
niiniaia iiaeaeaiooue caeiiiaeaoaeueiua i?aaiu e ia ioaaoioth ?aaeoeeth.
Aeey no?ai ?acaeoie aeaiie?aoee oa?aeoa?ia yoa “ia?aoiay naycue”. I?anna
naaiaeiy yaeyaony /?acau/aeii aaaeiui eaiaeii iauaiey aeanoe n
ianaeaieai. Yoi e aeooaeecaoeey aeanoueth oi?aaeai/aneie i?ia?aiiu e
eioi?ie?iaaiea ianaeaiey i naiae aeayoaeueiinoe. A yoi – caeia
iiceoeaiiai ia?aca aa yooaeoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe. I?aaeoaeuenoai /anoi
noaaeo i?aiiiu aeo?iaeenoai, no?aiyueiny iiaeiyoue ino?ua aii?inu ia?aae
iauanoaaiiinoueth, eiaaea aeaei eanaaony aii?inia iaoeeiiaeueiie
aaciianiinoe. Oiaaea iii ia?auaaony e caeiio i ainoaea?noaaiiie oaeia.
Eiioaeou iieeoe/aneiai eeaea?a n i?annie aeaeyony ia 2 eeanna:
– eiioaeou, i?aaieciaaiiua I?-neoaeaie (?ani?ino?aiaiea iiaeaioiaeaiiuo
iaoa?eaeia /a?ac NIE)
– aeayoaeueiinoue NIE ii inaauaieth iieeoe/aneie i?iaeaiaoeee, a oieon
eioi?ie iiaeao iiianoue ii?aaeaeaiiue iieeoe/aneee eeaea?.
?aaeueiua ioiioaiey NIE e aeanoe caaenyo i?aaeaea anaai io oiai, /oi
i?anna aeaeaao i?ic?a/iuie naie iaoaieciu eo aeayoaeueiinoe. Ii oiio, a
eaeie ia?a ioe?uou o?e aaoae aeanoe aeey “/aoaa?oie”, iiaeii noaeeoue i
noaiaie aeaiie?aoecaoeee nioeeoia e o.i. Ethaay iieeoe/aneay i?ia?aiia
eiaao ia?niieoeoee?iaaiiue oa?aeoa?. Iauanoai auae?aao i?ia?aiio naiaai
?acaeoey aianoa n ee/iinoyie, eioi?ua aoaeo aa inouanoaeyoue. Yoi
iauyniyao oeaeaiai?aaeaiiua oneeey iieeoe/aneeo ia?oee e aeaeaeaiee ii
nicaeaieth noaaeeueiuo eiiioieeaoeeiiiuo eaiaeia aeey iaeaaeeaaiey
iauaiey n iannaie. Aeayoaeueiinoue einoeoooia aeanoe yaeyaony i?aaeiaoii
i?enoaeueiiai aieiaiey NIE. Ii yoi ia eneeth/aao oeaeaiai?aaeaiiuo
oneeee aeanoe ii iaania/aieth yoiai aieiaiey:
– ?ac?aaioea oaenoa i?ia?aiiu, n o/aoii iniaaiiinoae aoaeeoi?ee.
Oi?ie?iaaiea aeaaiaeaeaoaeueiiai ia?aca ia?niiaeee aeanoe
– nicaeaiea “iiainoe” e eioi?iaoeeiiiiai iioiea neeaie I?-no?oeoo?
– i?iecaiaenoai iieeoe/aneie ?aeeaiu
Eaeaieiaey e i?iiaaaiaea. Iaieioeyoeaiuie n?aaenoaaie aeeyiey
ainoaea?noaa ia iauanoai /a?ac NIE yaeyaony eaeaieiaey, i?iiaaaiaea e
aaeoaoeey. Ia?aae NIE noieo caaea/a oi?ie?iaaiey iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey,
yoi aeaeaaony n iiiiuueth eaeaieiaee, aaeoaoeee e i?iiaaaiaeu.
Eaeaieiaey – ooieoeey niaoeeaeece?iaaiiiai niciaiey (ciaiey) a
nioeeaeueii-iaiaeii?iaeiii iauanoaa. Yoi ie?iaicc?aiea, aeathuaa ciaiea
i ie?a a oeaeii, ii n oi/ee c?aiey eioa?ania oie nioeeaeueiie a?oiiu,
ie?iaicc?aieai eioi?ie iia yaeyaony, e eioa?anu eioi?ie au?aaeaao.
ssaeyaony na?aeoeaaeiie, naiiniciaieai oie eee eiie nioeeaeueiie a?oiiu.
Au?aaioeie eaeaieiaee caieiaaony iniaay a?oiia ethaeae – eaeaieiaia.
Eaeaieiaey anoue i?iyaeaiea niaoeeaeece?iaaiiiai iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey.
*oiau noaoue iiaoaeeoaeueiie neeie aeey aieueoeo a?oii ethaeae (/oiau
yoi ciaiea ooieoeeiie?iaaei a i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe), iia aeieaeia
ec niaoeeaeece?iaaiiiai niciaiey o?ainee?iaaoueny a ianniaia niciaiea, a
i?aeoe/aneia ciaiea, o?ainoi?ie?oynue a oi?iu oaeiai yaeaiey, eae
iauanoaaiiay ineoieiaey. Oaeay o?aineyoeey i?ienoiaeeo a ?aieao IE.
Iaeiei ec iaoiaeia oaeie o?aineyoeee yaeyaony i?iiaaaiaea. Nthaea aea
ioiineony e aaeoaoeey. Oi?iie aea oaeie o?aineyoeee, a eaeie-oi ia?a
yaeyaony iiioey?ecaoeey. Iiyoiio eaeaieiae/aneea eiioeaioeee, nenoaiu
acaeyaeia aeieaeiu auoue i?aa?auaiu a oi?io oaaaeaeaiee, aa?iaaiee,
onoaiiaie ia niioaaonoaothuaa aini?eyoea aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe e ioiioaiea
e iae.
Iaoaieciu oi?ie?iaaiey ioaeiiai iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey: yoi i?iiaaaiaea e
aaeoaoeey.
Aaeoaoeey – ?ani?ino?aiaiea eioi?iaoeee, niaea?aeauae a oii eee eiii
aeaea i?ecua e aeaenoaeth. Ne?uouo oeaeae e iioeaia ia eiaao. Iaoiaeu
iinyo i?aeiouanoaaiii oaaaeaeathuee oa?aeoa?. Yoi oae iacuaaaiay “iyaeay
iaieioeyoeey” iineieueeo iia aeiioneaao aeey ?aoeeieaioa aiciiaeiinoue
naiaiaeiiai auai?a. ?acoeueoaou i?iyaeythony aeinoaoi/ii auno?i e
au?aaeathony a aeaea eiie?aoiuo aeaenoaee (aaeeii?aciaia aeaenoaea).
I?iiaaaiaea- ?ani?ino?aiaiea ciaiee, oi?ie?othueo ooiaeaiaioaeueiua
iniiau ie?iaicc?aiey, i?eaieaiuo n oi/ee c?aiey aeaenoaothueo
iieeoe/aneeo noauaeoia. Aa aeaenoaea ?ann/eoaii ia eciaiaiea
ie?iaini?eyoey, ia aiooaiea. ?acoeueoaou aicaeaenoaey i?iyaeythony /a?ac
eaeie-oi i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie. + i?iiaaaiaeenoneay eioi?iaoeey anaaaea
iiaeaaony /a?ac i?ecio eioa?ania ii?aaeaeaiiuo nioeeaeueiuo a?oii – o.a.
/a?ac eaeaieiae/aneoth i?ecio. Acyoay ni noi?iiu enoi/ieea eioi?iaoeee,
i?iiaaaiaea iiaeao auoue:
– aaeie- eiaaea enoi/iee eioi?iaoeee i/aaeaeai
– na?ie – eiaaea enoi/iee eioi?iaoeee ia i/aaeaeai
– /a?iie – eiaaea eioi?iaoeey iaeiiai enoi/ieea iiaeaaony io eiaie
ae?oaiai
I?iiaaaiaea aeeth/aao a naay aeaa yoaia – ia ia?aii, iie?aynue ia ciaiea
nenoaiu oeaiiinoae ianniaie aoaeeoi?ee, iia i?aaenoaaeyao
i?iiaaaiaee?oaiue iauaeo ni noi?iiu, i?aaenoaaeythuae oeaiiinoue aeey
aoaeeoi?ee (aeaaea anee ii oaeiaie e ia iaeaaeaao). Ia aoi?ii yoaia
iin?aaenoaii iaoiaea aiooaiey i?iiaaaiaea i?eaeaaao ethaeyi iuneue i
oii, /oi iie naiinoiyoaeueii naeaeaee yoio auai?. No?oeoo?a i?iiaaaiaeu
aeeth/aao a naay niaieoiiinoue o?ao iaoiaeia – eioi?ie?iaaiey,
oaaaeaeaiey e aiooaiey. Caaeneiinoe io niaiaaeaiey oeaeae noauaeoa
i?iiaaaiaeu e ?aoeeieaioia, yooaeo iiaeao auoue aeinoeaioo ia ethaii ec
yoeo yoaiia. I?iiaaaiaea, oae aea eae e aaeoaoeey iai?aaeaia ia
oi?ie?iaaiea o ianniaie aoaeeoi?ee ii?aaeaeaiiiai noeey iuoeaiey e
iineaaeothuaai iiaaaeaiey. Aaaeiaeoei eaiaeii e n?aaenoaii i?iiaaaiaeu e
aaeoaoeee yaeythony NIE.
13. Yoeea NIE. *oi iiieiaaony iiae yoeeie NIE? Ia?a/eneeoa noa?u
i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee aeo?iaeenoa. Ia?a/eneeoa iniiaiua eiioeeeoiua
noa?u aeo?iaeenoneie aeayoaeueiinoe e i?eaaaeeoa eo eiie?aoiua i?eia?u.
I?eaaaeeoa i?eia?u i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiey /anoiuo e iauanoaaiiuo eioa?ania a
aeayoaeueiinoe NIE? Eaeea ooiaeaiaioaeueiua i?aaa i?e yoii aoiaeyo a
i?ioeai?a/ea? Ii/aio aiiaua aiciiaeii i?ioeai?a/ea /anoiuo e
iauanoaaiiuo eioa?ania
Yoeea NIE iienuaaao iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea a iaaeeeiuo oneiaeyo. Iia ia
onoaiaaeeaaao ii?iu, a nei?aa iaino?yao /oanoai ioaaonoaaiiinoe. Yoeea
NIE caieiaaony e?eoeeie nouanoaothuae ii?aee. Iniaia aieiaiea iia
oaeaeyao ?acaai/aieth eioi?iaoeeiiiuo e iaaeeeiuo ieoia, iuoaaony
?ane?uoue i?ioeai?a/ey a oaea nouanoaothueo oai?eyo e eaeaieiaeyo,
naycaiiuo ni NIE, a oaeaea ii?iaeecaoeee ycuea iaaeeeiie i?aeoeee. Yoeea
NIE neiioeaio?e?iaaia ia aii?inao, eanathueony ioiioaiee nenoai
iineoaeae, eo i?aaiecaoi?ia, iieueciaaoaeae e eioi?iaoeee. Yoeea NIE –
yoi aeenoeeieeia, eioi?ay enneaaeoao acaeiinaycue iaaeaeo iaaeeeiuie
au?aaeaieyie e /aeiaa/aneei iiaaaeaieai. ia ioaaouaaao 5 ?acee/iuo noa?
– aeo?iaeenoneoth yoeeo, yeiiiie/aneoth yoeeo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo n?aaenoa,
eioi?iaoeeiiioth yoeeo, iao/ioth e iaaeaaiae/aneoth yoeeo.
Yoeea ieeae ia iiaeao i?aaeioa?aoeoue ia?ooaiey e ioeai/iua aeaenoaey,
ii iiaeao iiiaoaoue eo inouanoaeaieth. Ca/anooth aeo?iaeenou ia oieueei
neaiu e aii?inai i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee, ii e ia i?eaeatho cia/aiey
iineaaenoaeyi nianoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Iaeeei iianaaeiaaiui ioeaeai,
ooaeaaieth eioi?iaoeee, iaaeinoaoi/iui iieneai e o.ae., oaeaeyaony iaei
aieiaiey. AEo?iaeenoneia iniciaiea naiaai nioeeaeueiiai noaoona nicaeaei
ieo. Ia?aaeei aeo?iaeenou eiatho neeiiiinoue e ii?aeece?iaaieth e
ienneiia?neie aeayoaeueiinoe, aini?eieiatho naay eae naiiioaa?aeaiiua
o?aieoaee aeaiie?aoee, caueoieee iaeaeaiiuo, i?inaaoeoaee e o.ae.
*anoi iiae i?ee?uoeai eioi?iaoeeiiiie iaycaiiinoe aeo?iaeenou eaeoo ia
ethaoth aanoaeoiinoue. N ?inoii eiieo?aioeee a iaaeeeiie noa?a e
aeaaeaieai nainaoeee iaaethaeaaony ?anoouaa ia?oaaiee aeo?iaeenoneeo
i?aaia. Aaaeiui yaeyaony ia iicaieyoue c?eoaeth neo/aoue e oaea?aeeaaoue
aai a iai?yaeaiee. Iii?iaoai ii?aaeaeeoue nouanoaaiiua eiioeeeoiua noa?u
aicaeaenoaey ia aeo?iaeenoia e eo aeayoaeueiinoue e a aicaeaenoaee ia
?aoeeieaioia.
1) I?iaeaia ei??oiie?iaaiiinoe. AEo?iaeenoai i?aaeeaaatho iaoa?eaeu PR,
cia/eoaeueii iaeaa/ay ?aaioo e yeiiiiy a?aiy, iaeiaei aianoa n oai,
oaeueneoeoee?othony oaeou, eee, ii iaiueoae ia?a, iieacuaathony
iaeiinoi?iiia. Eee aeathony iaauaiey yeneethceaiinoe i?e eiiia?aoeee,
eae auei ai a?aiy aieiu a caeeaa. Iniaaiii caeanue iiaeaa?aaaony
iianiinoe aeo?iaeeci oaaaeaeaiee, eioi?ue n iaeaieueoae aioiaiinoueth
oaaoaaony ca iaoa?eae, eioi?ue aeacaaoe?oao iieeoe/aneiai i?ioeaieea.
Ae?aiaoe/aneea acaeyaeu ia yoo noa?o, eae a «aeaea Eeneeiaa – Aa?ia?a»,
i?aaenoaaeytho ?aciaea/aiey niaianoiie ?aaiou caiaaeiiaa?iaineie i?annu
e ainoi/iiaa?iaineie neoaeau Ooace. AEo?iaeeci oaaaeaeaiee
i?aae?aniieiaeai e i?ioanneiiaeueiie aeaceioi?iaoeee. Iaeiaei
ei??oiie?iaaiiinoue ano?a/aaony e aioo?e iaaeeeiuo n?aaenoa. Eaaeaeue
aeo?iaeeno ciaao aioo?aiiea oaao e iiaeaa?aaao naie ?aii?oaaee, oioue
/anoi e iainiciaiii, aeia?iaieueiie oeaico?a. Ei??oiie?iaaiiinoue
i?iyaeyaony oaeaea a oe?ieie noa?a oaea oiiiyiooie «iieeoe/aneie
ei??aeoiinoe», aaea auaa?aiea ycuea eiiaaea eiaao neaaenoaeai
oaeueneoeeaoeeth niaea?aeaiey. Eae iai?eia? «ciaiaieoia» eioa?aueth
aia?eeaineiai oaeaaeo?iaeenoa n thaeiiao?eeaineei aieneiiii Oooo,
eioi?ue ia?auaeny e iineaaeiaio, eae e «ao?iaia?eeaioeo».
2) I?iaeaia aiiee ca nainaoeeyie. Anee a oeaio?a aeo?iaeenoneie
aeayoaeueiinoe iaoiaeeony yeiiiie/aneay oeaeue, o.a. eaioa aeeth/aiey e
?acia? oe?aaea, eioi?iaoeaiia i?ecaaiea aeo?iaeenoia auno?i iooiaeeo ia
caaeiee ieai. Ana acaeyaeu ono?aieaiu ia yooaeou e nainaoeee.
?aoeeieaioa a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iaiaoiaeeii i?eaea/ue, a ia
eioi?ie?iaaoue. Ec-ca oaiaeaioeee iinoaiiaee nainaoeee a oeaio?
niiauaiey, iaiyaony acaeyae ?aoeeieaioia ia ?aaeueiinoue. Aeaei
aeioiaeeo aei iaaa?iie ioeaiee ?aaeueiinoe. A?aoiaio, /anoi au?aaeaaiue
aeo?iaeenoaie ni nnueeie ia aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiinoue e ioaeeea, /oi
?aoeeieaioo aeaaony ai, /oi ii oi/ao, o?oaeii i?aacieoe ii iiaeeinoe e
oeeiecio.
Aiaoiei aicaeaenoaeai iiaiie ca nainaoeeyie yaeyaony oi, /oi oa?yaony
i?iii?oeeiiaeueiia ioiioaiea iaaeaeo iiainoueth e aa aeaenoaeoaeueiui
iauanoaaiiui cia/aieai. Yoi i?eaiaeeo e iaaa?iie ioeaiea iauanoaaiiie
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
3) I?iaeaia ia?ooaiey /anoiie noa?u. Oeaeua aacaoiua ?oa?eee aeeaoo
oieueei ca n/ao oiai, /oi aeaeatho /anoioth noa?o, e ia oieueei
auaeathueony ee/iinoae, iauanoaaiiie oaiie. I?e yoii aeueyaieueneei
yaeyaony oi, /oi e a neaiaeaeueiii i?aaenoaaeaiee neo/aaa aeo?iaeenoneeo
ioeaie ana yeaiaiou, e eioi?ui ioiineony neaiaeaeueiinoue, oiaea
iaoiaeyo naia i?eiaiaiea. Aeeooocey /anoiie e iauanoaaiiie noa? a
?acaeoee nia?aiaiiuo n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee yaeyaony eeth/aaie
oaiie. Oeaeua naeoeee n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee ecaeaeatho ec yoie
aeeooocee ii?aaaeaiea naiaai nouanoaiaaiey. Iaaeyaeiue i?eia? –
oaeaaeceiiiua «oie-oio», eioi?ua aeeaoo ca n/ao aoaa?ecia ioaeeee e
yenaeaeoeeiiecia ainoae i?ia?aii. A eo/oai neo/aa /anoiay noa?a
?ac?aoaia eae ?ane?uaaaiay noa?a caaaaeie.
4) I?iaeaia aeaaeaiey aeooaeueiinoe. Eeth/aaie i?iaeaiie aeo?iaeenoeee
yaeyaony ana aieaa neeueiia aeaaeaiea aeooaeueiinoe, eioi?ia /anoi
i?aiyonoaoao na?ueaciiio i?aaenoaaeaieth iaoa?eaea. *oi eanaaony
yeaeo?iiiuo n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, oaaee/eaaaony iaiaoiaeeiinoue
aooaioe/iinoe e i?aaenoaaeaiey iaoa?eaea a ?aaeeia i?yiiai yoe?a.
I?aaenoaaeaiea iaoa?eaea a ?aaeeia i?yiiai yoe?a nicaeaao iaeeaeaiea
iaeaieueoae iauaeoeaiinoe e aooaioe/iinoe; iii iaauaao iaiaeeaeaiiia,
oaaee/eaay, oaeei ia?acii, iai?yaeaiea ?aoeeieaioa. Ia/aoiua iaaeeeiua
n?aaenoaa iiaoo, eiia/ii, eeoue ia?aie/aiii neaaeiaaoue yoiio aeaaeaieth
aeooaeueiinoe. Iaeiaei e aaeaaeiaaiua aacaou iuoathony aeiiieiyoue
caiicaeaeua i?aaeeiaeaiey eioi?iaoeee i?e iiiiue Eioa?iao-i?eeiaeaiee.
Niiauaiea ia?aie/eaaaony aniaeoii iiainoe. Aniaeo aeaenoaeoaeueiie
cia/eiinoe /anoi inoaaony aac aieiaiey,
5) I?iaeaia aeo?iaeenoneie aacaeanouanoe. a oeaio?aeueiie Aa?iia
nouanoaoao aeo?iaeenoneay iiaiai?ea, auoue ia oieueei aeooaeueiui, ii e
aacaeanouei, Nenoaia ei??aniiiaeaioia iie?uaaao aanue ie?. Oai, aaea
n?aaenoaa niioaaonoaothuae iaaeeeiie einoaioeee ia iicaieytho
?acianoeoue nianoaaiiuo ei??aniiiaeaioia, ie?iaua niauoey eiio?iee?otho
eioi?iaoeeiiiua aaaionoaa. Oioy a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe yoi oieueei
aeaeeiinoue, /oi aanue ie? ia aeaeo, Ei?a Aaea? aeieacuaaao a
iiiai/eneaiiuo ioaeeeaoeeyo, e yoi noaiiaeony i/aaeaeiui, /oi niinia,
i?e iiiiue eioi?iai i?aaieciaaia aeo?iaeenoneay aacaeanouanoue, ana /aua
iaia?oaeeaaao eioa?iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneia iaiiieiaiea. Iaaa?iua oi/ee
c?aiey e noaeaeaiey a i?aaenoaaeaiee niiauaiee ia a iineaaeithth
i/a?aaeue iniiaaiu ia eoeueoo?iie neaiioa. Noeeue ?a/e e
iiaeaea?aeeaathuea aeanou a?aaa /anoi eaaeoony aa?anneaiuie, oioy iie
niaa?oaiii iau/iu. Iiieiaiea e aianoa n oai iauaeoeaiia i?aaenoaaeaiea
niiauaiey iniiaaiu, eiia/ii, ia aioiaiinoe aeo?iaeenoa e eoeueoo?iiio
o/anoeth.
6) I?iaeaia yeiiiiecaoeee aeo?iaeenoeee. Oaiiiai yeiiiiecaoeee
aeo?iaeenoeee iaino?eeny a i?ioeii aeanyoeeaoee aeaaiaea?y einoeoooo
/anoiiai ?aaeeiaauaiey e oaeaaeaeaiey, a oaeaea aeaaiaea?y oae
iacuaaaiie aeiaaeecaoeee ?uiea eioi?iaoeee. Iauanoaaiii-i?aaiaua
o/?aaeaeaiey ?aaeeiaauaiey e oaeaaeaeaiey oiaea eae ieeiaaea ?aiueoa
iaoiaeyony iiae yeiiiie/aneei aeaaeaieai. Ieoe, eioi?ua aei neo ii? auee
ioiineoaeueii naiaiaeiu io oaeiai aeaaeaiey, noaiiayony ana iaiueoa e
oaea. *anoi naiay aeaoaaay e iaaeeooa?aioee?iaaiiay i?ia?aiia iieo/aao
iaeaieueoaa eiee/anoai ?aoeeieaioia. ?aaeeeaeueiue iooue iiaie yiioe,
«i?aiaeieaaoae yeiiiiecaoeeth» aeo?iaeenoeee, iaia/aaony a iaoe aeie a
yeaeo?iiiuo n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee. Nouanoaotho ?aciuoeaiey ia
n/ao i?aaeeiaeaiee iiainoae a Eioa?iaoa, iiea/eaaoue noaouee ii
eiee/anoao eo auciaia, /oi iiaeeyei au ia nie?auaiea i?ioanneiiaeueiuo
?aaeaeoi?ia noaoae, eai eeoue iaiiiaea iiaee au aeeoue ia oi, /oi iie
oai ioaeeeotho.
14. Ainoaea?noaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea NIE. A eaeeo oi?iao inouanoaeyaony
ainoaea?noaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea NIE, e a eaeeo oeaeyo iii inouanoaeyaony?
Iieiaeeoaeueiua e io?eoeaoaeueiua noi?iiu ainoaea?noaaiiiai
?aaoee?iaaiey NIE
Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay aeanoue e i?anna. Aiai?y i acaeiiaeaenoaee
ainoaea?noaa e NIE, ii?aaeaeei ?aaeueiua ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue
ia?aie/aiey, eioi?ua iii onoaiaaeeaaao aeey NIE, a ?aieao
aeaiie?aoe/aneie i?aaiecaoeee nioeeoia. Yoe ia?aie/aiey onoaiaaeeaaao
aeey i?annu caeiiiaeaoaeueiay, eniieieoaeueiay e noaeaaiay aeanoue.
«?aai/ea», aaeaaeiaaiua acaeiiaeaenoaey n i?annie caeiiiaeaoaeueiie
aeanoe iaania/eaathony I?-neoaeaaie. Oai ia iaiaa, a iaoaiecia
inouanoaeaiey yoie aeanoe anoue neooaoeee ioaee/iiai oa?aeoa?a —
iai?eia?, canaaeaiey aunoeo caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo einoeoooia no?aiu, eeieo
i?enoonoaey NIE ia eioi?uo eaaeaeay no?aia ?aaeaiaioe?oao ii-naiaio,
eiiaaea aeaaea cai?auaao caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii. Naaiaeiy iaeaieaa
?aaeeeaeueii ?aoai yoio aii?in a NOA. Oai a 1979a. aue i?aaieciaai
oaeaeaiae C-SPAN — eaaaeueiay niooieeiaay oaeanaoue n iauanoaaiiie
i?iaeaiaoeeie. Yoa iaeiiia?/aneay (iii-i?ioeo) i?aaiecaoeey ni ooaoii
ieiei 200 /aeiaae n 1982a. e?oaeinooi/ii inaauaao ?aaioo i?aaeoaeuenoaa
n i?yiuie aeeth/aieyie canaaeaiee iaeaou i?aaenoaaeoaeae e Eiia?anna.
Oeeueo?aoeey eioi?iaoeee aeo?iaeenoaie caeanue naaaeaia e ieieioio.
Aeey no?ai ?acaeoie aeaiie?aoee oa?aeoa?ia «ia?aoioth naycue» iaaeaeo
ioaeeeaoeeyie a i?anna e aeayoaeueiinoueth caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo i?aaiia
aeanoe. *anoue aeayoaeueiinoe i?annu a aeaea ioaeeeaoeee aeo?iaeenoneeo
?anneaaeiaaiee neoaeeo, eae au?aceeny iaeei ec a?eoaineeo iieeoe/aneeo
aeayoaeae, nu?ueai aeey ia?eaiaioneeo aeaaaoia.
Eniieieoaeueiay aeanoue e i?anna. I?anna yaeyaony naaiaeiy /?acau/aeii
aaaeiui eaiaeii iauaiey aeanoe n ianaeaieai no?aiu. A yoie
aeayoaeueiinoe iiaeii ioiaoeoue aeaa acaeiinaycaiiuo ieaia, aoiaeyueo a
naii iiiyoea oi?aaeaiey. Iaeei ec ieo ninoieo a aeooaeecaoeee aeanoueth
oi?aaeai/aneie i?ia?aiiu, /oi yaeyaony aa?aioeae aa auiieiaiey a oie
ia?a, a eaeie io ianaeaiey o?aaothony ii?aaeaeaiiua oaae
(iiaaaeai/aneea, nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneea). Aoi?ie ieai eanaaony
eioi?ie?iaaiey ianaeaiey i naiae aeayoaeueiinoe e yaeyaony aeey aeanoe a
ii?aaeaeaiiie ia?a io/aoii i oaeiaie, a cia/eo, e caeiaii iiceoeaiiai
ia?aca aa yooaeoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe a aeacao.
Niioiioaiea oiai, /oi iiaeii neacaoue i?anna e i /ai eo/oa oiie/aoue, —
oiaea eaoaai?ey «enoi?e/aneay», anee iiaeii oaeei ia?acii auneacaoueny i
acaeyaeao aeanoe ia niaea?aeaiea ioaeeeoaiie eioi?iaoeee. Ecaanoii, /oi
a 1962 a. iaeei ec auaoeo i?aaenoaaeoaeae I?-neoaeau Iaioaaiia cayaee: a
eioa?anao iaoeeiiaeueiie aaciianiinoe i?aaeoaeuenoai eiaao i?aai eaaoue.
I?iaeaia iaoeeiiaeueiie aaciianiinoe /anoi auoiaeeo ia ia?aue ieai,
eiaaea i?aaeoaeuenoai noaaeo i?aiiiu aeo?iaeenoai, iaia?aiiui iiaeiyoue
ino?ua aii?inu ia?aae iauanoaaiiinoueth. Iaeia ec «aeoaeiie» —
i?eiaiaiea caeiia i ainoaea?noaaiiie oaeia, eioi?ue anoue a
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaao anao no?ai. Ecaanoiu iaiaeiie?aoiua iiiuoee
i?eaea/ue aeo?iaeenoia e noaeaaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca no?aieaiea
i?eaeaoue aeaniinoe i?iaeaiu caueou a?aaeaeaineeo i?aa eee nio?aiaiey
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. N?aaee oaeeo niauoee — oeaico?a «ii
ianoiyoaeuenoaai aiaiiiai eiioeeeoa», onoaiiaeaiiay Iaioaaiiii aeey
oaeaaeceiiiiai eaiaea NeYiYi i?e inaauaiee iineaaeiei iia?aoeee «Ao?y a
ionouia». Ia?aaeee neo/ae, eiaaea eniieieoaeueiay aeanoue aiaoeaaaony a
aeayoaeueiinoue oao NIE, eioi?ua io/anoe oeiaine?oao.
Eiioaeou iieeoe/aneiai eeaea?a n i?annie aeaeyony ia aeaa aieueoeo
eeanna:
– eiioaeou, i?aaieciaaiiua I?neoaeaie; ?a/ue caeanue eaeao i
?ani?ino?aiaiee iaoa?eaeia, ath iiaeaioiaeaiiuo, /a?ac NIE (ana
acaeiiioiioaiey I?-neoaeau n NIE, aeeth/ay e ee/iinoiua eiioaeou n
?aaioieeaie i?annu)
– aeayoaeueiinoue NIE ii inaauaieth iieeoe/aneie i?iaeaiaoeee, a oieon
eioi?ie iiaeao iiianoue ii?aaeaeaiiue iieeoe/aneee eeaea?.
Noaeaaiay aeanoue e i?anna. Ai iiiaeo no?aiao aaaeoony aeeneonnee, ia
eaeie noaaeee ?anneaaeiaaiey oaieiaiuo aeae aeiioneaoue i?anno e
eioi?iaoeee. Nthaea aea i?eiueaao aii?in caeiiiinoe aeiionea i?annu, a
o. /. yeaeo?iiiie, ia noaeaaiua canaaeaiey. I?iaeaia i?aa ee/iinoe ia
eioi?iaoeeth ia?anaeaaony ooo n i?iaeaiie ooa/ee eioi?iaoeee ai a?aae
noaeaaiiio i?ioeanno: iaeeea eioi?iaoeee a i?anna niiniaii ieacaoue
naiaia?aciia aeaaeaiea ia i?enyaeiuo. A iineaaeiaa aeanyoeeaoea XX a. ia
ioaee/iia ianoaeaeaiea auoea i?iaeaia «eioi?iaoeeiiiie aaciianiinoe». Ia
eneeth/aii, /oi aeey ?aoaiey iiaeiaiuo i?iaeai i?aaeaea anaai aoaeoo
caaeaenoaiaaiu ?ano?nu ainoaea?noaa — aua iaeei a?aoiaio a iieueco oiai,
/oi ?ieue ainoaea?noaa a yoii i?ioeanna aoaeao oneeeaaoueny.
EOIA. I?anna aienuaaaony a no?oeoo?o aeanoiuo einoeoooia, enoiaey ec
naiae iniiaiiieaaathuae oa?aeoa?enoeee, naycaiiie n oai
ianoiyoaeuenoaii, /oi iia o/anoaoao a ?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee e oaeoeee
nioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey. ?aaeueiua aa ioiioaiey n inoaeueiuie aaoayie
aeanoe caaenyo i?aaeaea anaai io oiai, /oi i?anna aeaeaao i?ic?a/iuie
naie iaoaieciu eo aeayoaeueiinoe.
15. NIE a nenoaia ioiioaiee «?uiie — ainoaea?noai — iauanoai».
Yaiethoeey oi?i nianoaaiiinoe a NIE. Oi?iu /anoiiai aeaaeaiey
n?aaenoaaie ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee. Ainoaea?noaaiiua e iauanoaaiiua
oi?iu aeaaeaiey NIE. A /ai ninoieo eiioeaioeey «iauanoaaiiiai aauaiey»?
Oi?ia nianoaaiiinoe iiaeao auoue /anoiie, ainoaea?noaaiiie eee
iauanoaaiiie.
Ia/aoue: yaiethoeey oi?i nianoaaiiinoe. Ia?aui ii a?aiaie iiyaeaiey
n?aaenoaii ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee yaeyaony ia/aoiay i?anna. N naiiai
ia/aea i?anna ea?aea cia/eoaeueioth ?ieue a ?ani?ino?aiaiee
ioeoeeaeueiie i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee. I?e/ai yoi
nii?iaiaeaeaeinue ?acee/iuie oi?iaie i?yiiai eiio?iey. A yiioo
eiaeono?eaeueiie ?aaiethoeee, iniaaiii n na?aaeeiu XIX aaea,
caaeneiinoue ecaeaoaeae io i?aaeoaeuenoaa ia/eiaao ineaaaaaoue.
Ecaeaoaeueneay aeayoaeueiinoue noaiiaeony iaeiei ec aeaeia aeoeaiinoe
iiaiai, yeiiiie/anee e iieeoe/anee aeeyoaeueiiai eeanna ao?aeoacee.
Eioa?anu /anoiuo ecaeaoaeae iaoiaeeeenue ia oieueei a noaoai
yeiiiie/aneie ieineinoe. A XIX aaea i?anna iinoaiaiii i?eia?aoaea
ooieoeee iaeiiai ec noauaeoia iieeoeee. I?anna aunooiaea a ea/anoaa
ioaeeee, iauanoaaiiinoe, au?aaeathuae eioa?anu “i?inoiai /aeiaaea”.
Ae?oaeie noauaeoaie (ia?yaeo n i?aaeoaeuenoaii) auee oea?eiaue, aecian,
caieaaeaaeaeueoeu. I?iyaeaoayny a XIX aaea oaiaeaioeey /anoiiai
aeaaeaiey ia/aoiuie ecaeaieyie a iineaaeothuai iieo/eea ?acaeoea. A
ianoiyuaa a?aiy i?anna, ii e?aeiae ia?a, a eiaeono?eaeueii ?acaeouo
no?aiao ca iaaieueoei eneeth/aieai iaoiaeeony a /anoiii aeaaeaiee.
Oi?iu /anoiiai aeaaeaiey n?aaenoaaie ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee. Nouanoaotho
?acee/iua eeanneoeeaoeee e oeiu /anoiuo i?aaei?eyoee a noa?a ianniaie
eiiioieeaoeee. Iaeeii/iua i?aaei?eyoey auee iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuie
ia ia?auo yoaiao noaiiaeaiey ia/aoe e aauaoaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeee. A yoii
neo/aa i?aaei?eyoea i?eiaaeeaaeeo iaeiiio eee ianeieueeei aeaaeaeueoeai
e yeiiiie/anee ieeae ia naycaii n ae?oaeie i?aaei?eyoeyie eee
i?aaiecaoeeyie. Nae/an yoa oi?ia inoaaony i?aiaeaaeathuae a eieaeiie e
aeo?iaeueiie eiaeono?ee. Aoi?ie aaaeiaeoee oei i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
naycaiiua ae?oa n ae?oaii eiiiaiee eee ai?eciioaeueii eioaa?e?iaaiiua
oeaii/ee oe?i. Eiiiaiee yaeythony noiaeiuie ii oeio aeayoaeueiinoe, ii
eiatho ?acee/iia ianoiiieiaeaiea. Eie iiaoo auoue ?aaeeinoaioeee, aacaou
e o.ae. A yoii neo/aa aieueoay yooaeoeaiinoue aeinoeaaaony ca n/ao
iioeiaeueiiai ?ani?aaeaeaiey, iai?eia?, ?aaeaeoeeiiiuo aiciiaeiinoae,
i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoa, aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiiuo ioaeaeia e o.i. Ae?oaie
oi?iie yaeyaony aa?oeeaeueiay eioaa?aoeey, eiaaea eiiiaiee,
i?eiaaeeaaeauea iaeiiio aeaaeaeueoeo, iio?aaeytho ?ano?nu e niaaaeathony
i?iaeoeoeeae ae?oa ae?oaa. Oa?aeoa?iui i?eia?ii yaeyaony
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue aacaoai ecaeaoaeueneeo iiuiinoae.
Nouanoaotho oaeaea oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe n o.i. ia?ae?anoiui aeaaeaieai
NIE. Yoi ioiineony e eiiiaieyi, iaeiia?aiaiii aeaaeathuei ?acee/iuie
n?aaenoaaie ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee a i?aaeaeao iaeiiai niaoeeoe/aneiai
?uiea (?aaeiia, oeia oneoa). Ia?ae?anoiia aeaaeaiea /anoi cai?auaaony
caeiiiaeaoaeueiuie ii?iaie, i?aaeaea anaai a iaeanoe oaeaaeaeaiey. Yoi
i?aaeioa?auaao neooaoeeth, eiaaea iaeia eiiiaiey eiio?iee?oao aeinooi e
enoi/ieeo eioi?iaoeee /a?ac ?acee/iua eaiaeu. Inoaiiaeiny oaeaea ia
oaeie oi?ia aeaaeaiey eae eiiaeiia?aou. Caeanue iaaethaeathony naiua
?aciiia?aciua ia?ana/aiey ai?eciioaeueiie e aa?oeeaeueiie eioaa?aoeee
eiiiaiee, a oaeaea ia?ae?anoiiai aeaaeaiey oe?i, aeaenoaothueo ia ?aciuo
?uieao. ?acee/atho aeaa aeaea eiiaeiia?aoia. Ia?aua — yoi eiiaeiia?aou,
iieo/athuea iniiaioth aeieth naieo aeioiaeia a noa?a ianniaie
eiiioieeaoeee. Aoi?ua — eiiaeiia?aou, eiiia?/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue
eioi?uo naycaia e n ae?oaeie iaeanoyie.
Iaeiie ec na?ueaciuo oaiaeaioeee a ioiioaieyo nianoaaiiinoe n?aaenoa
ianniaie eiiioieeaoeee yaeyaony i?eia?aoaiea e?oiiuie eiiiaieyie iaeeeo.
Iineaaeiaa iinoaiaiii i?eaiaeeo e oneeaieth eiioeaio?aoeee e i?aeoeea
ia?aciaaiey ieeaiiieee, o.a. aeiieie?iaaieth ia ?uiea iaeiiai eee
ianeieueeeo noauaeoia. Ainoaea?noaaiiua e iauanoaaiiua oi?iu aeaaeaiey
NIE. Ii n?aaiaieth n i?annie, aeeth/aiiinoue iauanoaa e ainoaea?noaa ai
aeaaeaiea e oi?aaeaiea ?aaeeiaauaieai, a caoai e oaeaaeaeaieai
ecia/aeueii ieacaeanue aieueoae. N iaeiie noi?iiu, yoi au?aaeaeinue a
neaaeiaaiee eaeaaeai naiaiaeiie i?annu, i?aaeiieaaathuei aeey a?aaeaeai
aiciiaeiinoue “neuoaoue e auoue oneuoaiiuie”. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, i?e
i?aaiecaoeee einoeoooa ?aaeeiaauaiey iuoaeenue o/anoue iaaeinoaoee e
neiaeiinoe, i?iyaeaoeany i?e noaiiaeaiee einoeoooa i?annu. I?iyaeeinue
oaeaea e no?aieaiea e i?aaiecaoeee ?aaiou ?aaeeiaauaiey ai eiy
iauanoaaiiiai aeaaa ia iniiaa i?eioeeiia iaeo?aeueiinoe e
aani?eno?anoiinoe.
A oaoie/aneii ieaia ia?aie/aiiinoue /anoioiiai niaeo?a aauaiey n naiiai
ia/aea iio?aaiaaea aiaoaoaeuenoaa ainoaea?noaaiiuo eee
iieoainoaea?noaaiiuo no?oeoo?. Ooieoeee iineaaeieo ninoiyee a
?ani?aaeaeaiee eeoeaicee e ?aaoee?iaaiee oaoie/aneeo aniaeoia aauaiey.
Aianoa n oai, ioiineoaeueii aunieay noieiinoue (ii n?aaiaieth n
ia/aoiuie ecaeaieyie) n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa e ?ani?ino?aiaiey oaea- e
?aaeeii?iaeoeoeee iauaeoeaii niinianoaiaaea eiioeaio?aoeee ?ano?nia a
?oeao e?oiiuo aauaoaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeee, a oii /enea ainoaea?noaaiiuo.
Enoi?e/anee, iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiie oi?iie aeaaeaiey iauanoaaiiuie
NIE yaeyaony iauaiaoeeiiaeueiay iiiiiieey. No?oeoo?a aa i?aaiecaoeee e
oeiainu iiaoo eiio?iee?iaaoueny ainoaea?noaii, iaeiaei a aii?inao
i?ia?aiiiie iieeoeee iauanoaaiiia aauaiea iau/ii oa?aeoa?ecoaony oai eee
eiui o?iaiai iacaaeneiinoe.
Eiioeaioeey iauanoaaiiiai aauaiey. Aeaiie?aoe/aneea i?aaenoaaeaiey a XX
aaea enoiaeeee ec iaiaoiaeeiinoe caueou naiaiaeu aeaenoaee e i?iyaeaiee
ee/iinoe io /?acia?iiai aeeyiey eae ainoaea?noaa, oae e ?uii/iuo nee.
Eiaiii yoe iio?aaiinoe iaoneiaeee iiyaeaiea eiioeaioeee iauanoaaiiiai
aauaiey — iaeo?aeueiie e aani?eno?anoiie i?aaiecaoeee iauanoaaiiiai
naeoi?a, caueuaiiie iaeiia?aiaiii io aeeyiey aeciana e i?aaeoaeuenoaa.
Aeayoaeueiinoue yoie i?aaiecaoeee inouanoaeyaony ia iniiaa
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii iaaethaeaoaeueiiai niaaoa.
?acaa?iooia ii?aaeaeaiea i?eioeeia iauanoaaiiiai aauaiey i?eiaaeeaaeeo
ia?aiio aaia?aeueiiio aee?aeoi?o A?eoaineie ?aaeeiaauaoaeueiie
ei?ii?aoeee Aeae. ?aeoo. A iioaeeeiaaiiie a 1924 aiaeo eieaa “Aauaiea a
Aaeeeia?eoaiee” ?aeo auaeaeee /aou?a iniiaiua ninoaaeythuea i?eioeeia
iauanoaaiiiai aauaiey. Ai-ia?auo, aeey iauanoaaiiiai aauaiey aeieaeii
auoue oa?aeoa?iui iai?eyoea eiiia?oeeaeecaoeee. Ai-aoi?uo, i?ia?aiiu
iauanoaaiiiai aauaiey aeieaeiu auoue iaeneiaeueii aeinooiiuie eaaeaeiio
/eaio niiauanoaa. A-o?aoueeo, iauanoaaiiia aauaiea i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea
oieoeoee?iaaiiiai eiio?iey. A-/aoaa?ouo, i?ia?aiiu iauanoaaiiiai aauaiey
aeieaeiu ioee/aoue aunieea noaiaea?ou ea/anoaa, iiaeaea?aeea eo/oaai e
io?eoeaiea oiai, /oi iiaeao iaianoe oua?a iauanoao. A oeaeii neoaeaa
iauanoaaiiiai aauaiey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie einoeooo, iniiaiie oeaeueth
eioi?iai yaeyaony neoaeaiea aunoei eioa?anai iauanoaa e no?aiu.
Aaaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi eaeay iauanoaaiiiai aauaiey i?aaeiieaaaao aai
oi?iaeueioth iacaaeneiinoue io ainoaea?noaa e iieioth iieeoe/aneoth
iaeo?aeueiinoue. Ii iunee aaoi?a eiioeaioeee, caaea/e iauanoaaiiiai
aauaiey iaoiaeeeenue a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue a noa?a eoeueoo?u e
ia?aciaaiey. I?aaeiieaaaeinue, /oi yoio einoeooo aeieaeai, i?aaeaea
anaai, eioi?ie?iaaoue e i?inaauaoue ethaeae anae iaoeee a oeaeii, a
oaeaea iaania/eaaoue ianaeaiea ?acaeaeaoaeueiuie i?ia?aiiaie,
ioee/athueieny aunieei aeonii, yoe/aneeie e ynoaoe/aneeie noaiaea?oaie.
I?e i?aaiecaoeee iauanoaaiiiai aauaiey aaaeiaeoei yaeyaony iauanoaaiiue
eioa?an—oaeiaeaoai?aiea iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeiiai niaeo?a eioa?ania
a?aaeaeai, iai?eia?, anao aic?anoia eee i?iaeeaathueo a ?acee/iuo
?aaeiiao no?aiu. A oeaeii, yoio oei i?aaiecaoeee aauaiey io?aaeaao
ooiaeaiaioaeueiua iniaaiiinoe nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneiai e
nioeeieoeueoo?iiai ieaia eaaeaeie no?aiu. Aaaeioth ?ieue caeanue ea?aao
ycueiaay neooaoeey, i?iaeaiu ?aeeaeiciie e eoeueoo?iie eaeaioe/iinoe,
?aaeiiaeueiay niaoeeoeea.Enoiaeiua i?eioeeiu iauanoaaiiiai aauaiey
i?aaenoaaeytho niaie iaeioi?oth eaeaaeueioth eiino?oeoeeth.
16. A /ai ninoieo yaeaiea aeiaaeecaoeee iaaeea e a /ai aai iniiaiua
i?e/eiu? Aeeyiea oaoiieiaee, iieeoeee e yeiiiieee ia ?acaeoea
aeiaaeueiuo iaaeea. Iiyaeaiea «aeiaaeueiiai iio?aaeoaey». Iniiaiua
oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey ie?iaie iaaeea-eiaeono?ee e i?e/eiu eo iiyaeaiey.
Iiiiiieecaoeey aeiaaeueiuo iaaeea-?uieia
A iineaaeiae /aoaa?oe XX aaea a iaeanoe ie?iaiai ?acaeoey iaaethaeaeenue
aaaeiua i?ioeannu, na?ueacii iiaeeyaoea ia i?aeoeeo ie?iaiai
eioi?iaoeeiiiiai iaiaia. N?aaee i?e/ei yoiai auaeaeytho niaieoiiinoue
ea?aeeiaeueiuo ia?aiai, naycaiiuo n oaiaeaioeeyie aeiaaeecaoeee. O
aoaeeoi?ee iiyaeeanue aiciiaeiinoue ia?auaoueny e niauoeyi a ?aaeeia
?aaeueiiai a?aiaie, noaiiaeoueny eo nio/anoieeaie. A oeaeii niaaeeiaiea
aiciiaeiinoae eiiiuethoa?a n naoyie oaeaeiiioieeaoeee “naeeiaao” a?aiy e
i?ino?ainoai, oiaiueoaao cia/aiea iaoeeiiaeueiuo a?aieoe, aeaao
eiaeeaeaeai iuouaiea i?eiauaiiinoe e iaeioi?ie aeiaaeueiie iauiinoe.
Noa?aie i?iyaeaiey aeiaaeecaoeee yaeythony oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneay,
iieeoe/aneay e nioeeieoeueoo?iay iaeanoe. Iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo oaeoi?ia
aeiaaeecaoeee yaeyaony ao?iue i?ia?ann oaoiieiaee, i?aaeaea anaai a
iaeanoe yeaeo?iieee, eiiioieeaoeee, o?ainii?oa. Ioaeaeueii neaaeoao
auaeaeeoue auno?ia ?acaeoea iee?ii?ioeanni?iie oaoieee, oeeo?iauo
oaoiieiaee, n?aaenoa oaeaeiiioieeaoeee. A ?acoeueoaoa iiyaeeanue
?aaeueiay aiciiaeiinoue aeey oi?ie?iaaiey aeiaaeueiie eioi?iaoeeiiiie
n?aaeu. I?ia?ann oaoiieiaee nouanoaaiii nie?aoee noieiinoue iaeiieaiey,
ia?aaioee e ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee a ianooaaao caiiiai oa?a, /oi ia iiaei
ia neacaoueny ia iieacaoaeyo yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa. Iiaua oaoiieiaee
ieacuaaee ?aoathuaa cia/aiea ia ia?ano?ieeo o?oaeiauo ioiioaiee, aeaeay
onoa?aaoeie iaeie niaoeeaeueiinoe e ii?iaeaeay ae?oaea. Nie?auaiea
?annoiyiee e iaiiaaiiay ia?aaea/a eioi?iaoeee aeeyee e ia oa?aeoa?
aeanoiuo ioiioaiee eae aioo?e, oae e iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaaie.
Aiai?y i i?ia?anna oaoiieiaee, iaeuecy caauaaoue, /oi a iniiaa
ea?aeeiaeueiuo o?ainoi?iaoeee aeiaaeueiiai ieaia eaaeao yeiiiie/aneea
oaeoi?u. Iaeiei ec aaaeoueo oaeoi?ia yaeyaony i?aeoe/anee iianaianoiia
aeiieie?iaaiea ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee. Iaeiia?aiaiii, iaaeaeaiiuie
?aiaaoaiiaie inouanoaeyeanue eioaa?aoeey ie?iaie yeiiiieee. Aeaeaaoaeai
yoiai i?ioeanna auee o?ainiaoeeiiaeueiua ei?ii?aoeee (OIE). A ianoiyuaa
a?aiy iiae eo eiio?ieai iaoiaeeony ieiei 75% ie?iaie oi?aiaee
iio?aaeoaeueneei oiaa?aie, i?iaeoeoeeae i?iiuoeaiiinoe e oneoaaie. A
oeaeii aeoeaio a noi?iio oneeaiey ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee e
/anoiii?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeoeaiinoe aue ioaaoii ia e?ecen,
caoaaoaaoee eiaeono?eaeueii ?acaeoua no?aiu a 70a aiaeu XX aaea. Auei
i?eciaii, /oi iniiaiua i?e/eiu e?eceniuo oaiaeaioeee ninoiyo a
?anoe?aiee ainoaea?noaaiiiai eiio?iey iaae yeiiiieeie, iayooaeoeaiinoe
iieeoeee noeioee?iaaiey aunieiai ni?ina e iaeiaia, i?aaeinoaaeaiey
oe?ieeo nioeeaeueiuo eueaio. Eiaiii iiyoiio iniiaiia niaea?aeaiea
?aaeeeaeueiuo ?aoi?i auei nin?aaeioi/aii ia i?eaaoecaoeee
ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee, eeaa?aeecaoeee oeai, oiaiueoaiee
nioeeaeueiuo i?ia?aii, ia?aie/aiee ainoaea?noaaiiiai aiaoaoaeuenoaa a
yeiiiieeo a oeaeii.
A i?aeoe/aneii ieaia aeiaaeecaoeey i?aaeiieaaaea niyoea eee ineaaeaiea
aa?uea?ia ia iooe aeaeaeaiey oi?aiauo iioieia e eaieoaea. A yoie nayce
neaaeoao iniai iiae/a?eiooue cia/eiinoue ?acaeoey oeiainiaiai naeoi?a
ie?iaie yeiiiieee. Iniaoth ?ieue caeanue nua?aei oneeaiea
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie eiiia?aoeee a iaeanoe aaetho, oi?aiaee e ieaoaaeae, /oi
auei naycaii n aeoeaecaoeeae oaeeo aeeyoaeueiuo iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
einoeoooia eae Anaie?iue aaie, Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue aaethoiue oiiae.
I?aaeiao eo aeayoaeueiinoe nin?aaeioa/eaaeny ia ?aaoee?iaaiee
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo oeiainiauo ioiioaiee: ia ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee
caaeieaeaiiinoe no?ai-caaiueeia, nie?auaiee athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa,
iaeneiaeueiie eeaa?aeecaoeee oeai e aiaoiae oi?aiaee.
Iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi n aeiaaeecaoeeae naycaiu auciau iaoeeiiaeueiiio
ainoaea?noao eae oaeiaiio. Eioaa?aoeey ie?iaie yeiiiieee e oeiainia
ieacaeinue nii?yaeaiiie n ?aciuaaieai aaoiiiiiinoe ?aoaiee
iaoeeiiaeueiuo ainoaea?noa. Anee ?aiueoa ainoaea?noaaiiua a?aieoeu
niaiaaeaee n a?aieoeaie iieeoe/aneie e yeiiiie/aneie th?enaeeeoeee
aeanoae, oi oaia?ue ainoaea?noaa, ana aieaa aoyaeaaynue a noa?o aeeyiey
ie?iauo yeiiiie/aneeo i?ioeannia, ieacuaathony a iiae/eiaiee o yoeo
i?ioeannia. Yeiiiie/aneay iiuue aaaeoueo OIE nae/an ieacuaaaony
niiinoaaeiie n aaeiaui iaoeeiiaeueiui i?iaeoeoii iiiaeo noaa?aiiuo
ainoaea?noa. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay nenoaia oeiainia, iaoiaeynue aia eiio?iey
eaeie-eeai ioaeaeueiie no?aiu, ca/anooth aeeeooao naie nianoaaiiua
i?ei?eoaou.
Iniiaiua oaiaeaioeee ie?iaie iaaeea-eiaeono?ee. Aeiaaeecaoeey NIE a
cia/eoaeueiie ia?a naycaia n i?iaeaiaie nianoaaiiinoe e eiio?iey
aaaeoueo ie?iauo n?aaenoa iaaeea. Oa?aeoa?iie /a?oie nia?aiaiiiai ?uiea
NIE yaeyaony oi, /oi ia iai ana aieaa cia/eioth ?ieue eiatho
o?ainiaoeeiiaeueiua noauaeou, ?anniao?eaathuea ie?iaua iaaeea eae
iaeioi?ia aaeeiia i?ino?ainoai. I?e yoii, nianoaaiii iaoeeiiaeueiua NIE,
i?iaeieaeay auiieiyoue aaaeiua ooieoeee, eniuouaatho aic?anoathuoth
caaeneiinoue io ie?iaiai iaaeea ?uiea.
Iaeaieaa ?acaeouie ie?iauie ?uieaie iaaeea yaeythony ?uiee caoeicaiene,
i?iecaiaenoaa oeeueiia e eieaiecaeaiey. Ie?iaie ?uiie caoeicaiene
oa?aeoa?ecoaony iaeaieaa aunieei o?iaiai eiioeaio?aoeee e eiio?iee?oaony
ia?aie/aiiui /eneii ea?ieia. I?aeoe/anee ana ec yoeo eiiiaiee yaeythony
ninoaaiuie /anoyie aaaeoueo ie?iauo iaaeea eiiaeiia?aoia. Oi aea
ioiineony e ie?iaie eeiieiaeono?ee.
Aaaeoueie ea?ieaie ia ie?iaii iaaeea ?uiea yaeythony eaiiaiee,
iaoiaeyueany a NOA. Eo eeaea?noai ii?aaeaeyaony oeaeui ?yaeii oaeoi?ia.
Aaaeiui yaeyaony ?acaeoinoue e aaee/eia naiiai iaaeea ?uiea NOA, /oi
iicaieyao oniaoii i?eiaiyoue a ie?a ca?aiaa «io?aaioaiiua» ia?eaoeiaiaua
no?aoaaee.
Oi?ie?iaaiea aeiaaeueiuo iaaeea iaaiciiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue aac ?aeeaiu,
yaeythuaeny iaiouaieaiie /anoueth ie?iaiai ?uiea. Aeey ?aeeaiiiai ?uiea,
oaeaea eae e aeey ?uiea iaaeea oa?aeoa?iui aue i?ioeann oe?oiiaiey,
oi?ie?iaaiey ie?iauo ?aeeaiiuo eiiaeiia?aoia. Aaaeouea ?aeeaiiua a?oiiu
ia?acotho eiiaeiia?aou n iaeaieaa iiuiuie ?E aaaionoaaie, iaania/eaay
naieo eeeaioia n?aaenoaaie ei?ii?aoeaiiai eiaae?iaaiey, aeeyiey ia
aeo?iaeenoneea e?oae e oi?aaeaiey iauanoaaiiui iiaieai i?aeoe/anee ii
anaio ie?o. Ana yoi naycaii iaiaoiaeeiinoueth auiieiaiey aecian caaea/
OIE ii i?iaeaeaeaieth naieo oiaa?ia ia ?uiie a ie?iaii ianooaaa
Ec caeeth/aiey. A oeaeii aeiaaeecaoeey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ioithaeue ia
“anoanoaaiiue”, eaeouee nai ii naaa i?ioeann. Aaconeiaii, /oi
oaoiieiae/aneee i?ia?ann eioaineoeoee?oao i?ioeannu eioi?iaoeeiiiiai
iaiaia, iiauoaao o?iaaiue acaeiicaaeneiinoe ianaeaiey ieaiaou. Aianoa n
oai, oi?iu aiieiuaiey oaiaeaioeee aeiaaeecaoeee (a o./. i?eiaieoaeueii e
iaeanoe NIE) io?aaeatho eiioeao?aoeeth iieeoe/aneeo e yeiiiie/aneeo nee,
neiaeeaoeony ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue a ie?a. Aaaeouea iaaeeeiua
o?ainiaoeeiiaeueiua no?oeoo?u ieacuaatho ?aoathuaa aeeyiea ia
i?iecaiaenoai e ?ani?aaeaeaiea ie?iauo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iioieia.
Aeiaaeueiay eeaa?aeecaoeey yeiiiieee, oiaiueoaiea ?aaoee?othuae ?iee
ainoaea?noaa n i/aaeaeiinoueth i?iyaeyaony e a iaeanoe NIE.
I?aaeoaeuenoaa ca/anooth ioaeatho i?ei?eoao ?acaeoeth eiiia?/aneeo
iaaeea, oiaaea eae aiciiaeiinoe iauanoaaiiuo iaaeea nie?auathony. Yoi, a
naith i/a?aaeue, iaeeaaeuaaao ioia/aoie ia iauee niaea?aeaoaeueiue
niaeo? iaoa?eaeia, aaea i?aiaeaaeathueie yaeythony oi?iu,
i?aaeiieaaathuea i?aaeaea anaai eiiia?/aneee oniao.
17. Iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey e?eoeee aeiaaeecaoeee iaaeeai?ioeannia e
iaaeeano?oeoo?. Eiioeaioeey eoeueoo?iiai eiia?eaeecia. Aeiaaeecaoeey eae
aanoa?iecaoeey. Io?eoeaoaeueiua iineaaenoaey aeiaaeecaoeee iaaeea
Eiioeaioeey “eoeueoo?iiai eiia?eaeecia” auea auaeaeiooa a ia?aie
iieiaeia 60o aiaeia. A iae, ia?yaeo n i?i/eie ianoiyoaeuenoaaie,
?anniao?eaaeenue eciaiaiey a iaeanoe ie?iauo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iioieia a
oneiaeyo ?anoe?aiey nenoaiu eaieoaeecia e aeeth/aiey a aai i?aeoo
?acaeaathueony no?ai. Ooaa?aeaeaeinue, /oi aeiieie?iaaiea
eiaeono?eaeueii ?acaeouo no?ai a noa?a oaoiieiaee i?iecaiaenoaa e
?ani?ino?aiaiey iaoa?eaeia NIE eiaei ?yae aaaeiuo iineaaenoaee
nioeeaeueiiai ieaia. Oaeea caiaaeiua eoeueoo?iua oeaiiinoe (ca/anooth
iiieiaaiua eae oeaiiinoe “aia?eeaineiai ia?aca aeecie”) eae iio?aaeaiea
e eiaeeaeaeoaeeci yaii e iayaii au?aaeaiiua a iaoa?eaeao NIE caiaiyee
oeaiiinoe o?aaeeoeeiiiie eoeueoo?u ?acaeaathueony no?ai. Ii nouanoao,
i?ienoiaeee iaeiinoi?iiiee “yenii?o” anaai oiai, /oi naycaii n ianniaie
eoeueoo?ie a ?acaeaathueany no?aiu ni noi?iiu ?acaeouo, i?aaeaea anaai
caiaaeiuo no?ai.
Noi?iiieeaie eiioeaioeee ioia/aeinue, /oi ooieoeeiie?iaaiea caiaaeiuo
NIE a eioi?iaoeeiiiii i?ino?ainoaa ?acaeaathueony no?ai iaecaaaeii
i?eaiaeeo e oneeaieth nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie, iieeoe/aneie e
eoeueoo?iie caaeneiinoe; ?ac?ooaieth iaoeeiiaeueiie eaeaioe/iinoe;
oi?ie?iaaieth i?eaeeaae?iaaiiuo oneiaee aeey ?aaeecaoeee eioa?ania
“aanoa?iece?iaaiiie” yeeou; nicaeaieth a iauanoaa ?acaeaathueony no?ai
ineoieiae/aneie aoiinoa?u, i?aaeiieaaathuae ?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoia,
naycaiiuo n nethieiooiui iio?aaeaieai, a oua?a eiaanoeoeeyi a
cae?aaiio?aiaiea, ia?aciaaiea, eio?ano?oeoo?o.
Eiioeaioeey eoeueoo?iiai eiia?eaeecia iieo/eea a 80a — 90a aiaeu
ii?aaeaeaiiia ?acaeoea. Aeoeaio aue naeaeai ia aiaeeca aeiieie?iaaiey ia
noieueei NOA (eae aaaeouae naa?oaea?aeaau), neieueei ia ?aoathuae ?iee
o?ainiaoeeiiaeueiuo ei?ii?aoeee, eo aeoaieie aeeth/aiiinoe a oi?aaeaiea
ie?iauie iieeoeei-yeiiiie/aneeie e eoeueoo?iuie i?ioeannaie. A ianoiyuaa
a?aiy nouanoaoao ia oae iiiai noi?iiieeia eaeae eoeueoo?iiai
eiia?eaeecia a /enoii aeaea, iaeiaei a oeaeii aeeyiea yoie “ia?aaeeaiu”
inoaaony aanueia nouanoaaiiui.
18. Iieiaeeoaeueiua iineaaenoaey aeiaaeecaoeee a iaeanoe iaaeea.
Ia?a/eneeoue iieiaeeoaeueiua iineaaenoaey aeiaaeecaoeee a iaeanoe
iaaeea. Eiaeea aeaaaoia i eoeueoo?ii-eaeaieiae/aneeo neaaenoaeyo
aeiaaeecaoeee iaaeea
Eiaeea aeaaaoia i eoeueoo?ii-eaeaieiae/aneeo neaaenoaeyo aeiaaeecaoeee
iaaeea nouanoaoao 2 iniiaiuo iaia?aaeaiey: Ia?aia iai?aaeaiea –
“e?eoe/aneia” ii ioiioaieth e aeiaaeecaoeee iaaeea, auaeaeaaao ia ia?aue
ieai aiaeeca iieeoeei-yeiiiie/aneea iniiaaiey. Oa?aeoa?ii, /oi caeanue
aeoeaio naeaeai ia i?aaenoaaeaiee i aeiaaeueiie eoeueoo?a eae noa?a
i?aeiouanoaaiiiai aeiieie?iaaiey eoeueoo?iuo ia?acoeia nia?aiaiiiai
Caiaaea, ioeaieao aeiaaeecaoeee i?aaeaea anaai eae “aanoa?iecaoeee”. I?e
yoii iniiaaieyie aeey auaiaeia yaeythony enneaaeiaaiey acaeiicaaeneiinoe
yeiiiie/aneeo, iieeoe/aneeo e nioeeieoeueoo?iuo ninoaaeythuae a
aeayoaeueiinoe aeiaaeueiuo iaaeea. Eiioeaioeey “eoeueoo?iiai
eiia?eaeecia” auea auaeaeiooa a ia?aie iieiaeia 60o aiaeia. A iae,
ia?yaeo n i?i/eie ianoiyoaeuenoaaie, ?anniao?eaaeenue eciaiaiey a
iaeanoe ie?iauo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iioieia a oneiaeyo ?anoe?aiey nenoaiu
eaieoaeecia e aeeth/aiey a aai i?aeoo ?acaeaathueony no?ai.
Ooaa?aeaeaeinue, /oi aeiieie?iaaiea eiaeono?eaeueii ?acaeouo no?ai a
noa?a oaoiieiaee i?iecaiaenoaa e ?ani?ino?aiaiey iaoa?eaeia NIE eiaei
?yae aaaeiuo iineaaenoaee nioeeaeueiiai ieaia. Oaeea caiaaeiua
eoeueoo?iua oeaiiinoe (ca/anooth iiieiaaiua eae oeaiiinoe “aia?eeaineiai
ia?aca aeecie”) eae iio?aaeaiea e eiaeeaeaeoaeeci yaii e iayaii
au?aaeaiiua a iaoa?eaeao NIE caiaiyee oeaiiinoe o?aaeeoeeiiiie eoeueoo?u
?acaeaathueony no?ai. Ii nouanoao, i?ienoiaeee iaeiinoi?iiiee “yenii?o”
anaai oiai, /oi naycaii n ianniaie eoeueoo?ie a ?acaeaathueany no?aiu ni
noi?iiu ?acaeouo, i?aaeaea anaai caiaaeiuo no?ai. Noi?iiieeaie
eiioeaioeee ioia/aeinue, /oi ooieoeeiie?iaaiea caiaaeiuo NIE a
eioi?iaoeeiiiii i?ino?ainoaa ?acaeaathueony no?ai iaecaaaeii i?eaiaeeo e
oneeaieth nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie, iieeoe/aneie e eoeueoo?iie
caaeneiinoe; ?ac?ooaieth iaoeeiiaeueiie eaeaioe/iinoe; oi?ie?iaaieth
i?eaeeaae?iaaiiuo oneiaee aeey ?aaeecaoeee eioa?ania
“aanoa?iece?iaaiiie” yeeou; nicaeaieth a iauanoaa ?acaeaathueony no?ai
ineoieiae/aneie aoiinoa?u, i?aaeiieaaathuae ?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoia,
naycaiiuo n nethieiooiui iio?aaeaieai, a oua?a eiaanoeoeeyi a
cae?aaiio?aiaiea, ia?aciaaiea, eio?ano?oeoo?o. Eiioeaioeey eoeueoo?iiai
eiia?eaeecia iieo/eea a 80a — 90a aiaeu ii?aaeaeaiiia ?acaeoea. Aeoeaio
aue naeaeai ia aiaeeca aeiieie?iaaiey ia noieueei NOA (eae aaaeouae
naa?oaea?aeaau), neieueei ia ?aoathuae ?iee o?ainiaoeeiiaeueiuo
ei?ii?aoeee, eo aeoaieie aeeth/aiiinoe a oi?aaeaiea ie?iauie
iieeoeei-yeiiiie/aneeie e eoeueoo?iuie i?ioeannaie. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy
nouanoaoao ia oae iiiai noi?iiieeia eaeae eoeueoo?iiai eiia?eaeecia a
/enoii aeaea, iaeiaei a oeaeii aeeyiea yoie “ia?aaeeaiu” inoaaony
aanueia nouanoaaiiui.
Aoi?ia iai?aaeaiea — aicieeei a ea/anoaa aeueoa?iaoeau ia?aiio.
Ianiaeanea n oacenaie i iaaaoeaiuo iineaaenoaeyo aeiaaeecaoeee caeanue
iuoathony iainiiaaoue enoiaey ec enneaaeiaaiee iniaaiiinoae aini?eyoey
iaoa?eaeia NIE aoaeeoi?eae, niaoeeoeee eioa?i?aoaoeee oaenoia
?aoeeieaioaie ec ?aciie eoeueoo?iie n?aaeu. “Aiieiaaoe/aneia”
iai?aaeaiea ii ioiioaieth e aeiaaeecaoeee iaaeea e io?eoeathuaa eaeae
eoeueoo?iiai eiia?eaeecia. Iniiaaieai aeey yoiai yaeyaony iinueea i oii,
/oi eioa?i?aoaoeey iaoa?eaeia NIE a ?aciuo a?oiiao aoaeeoi?ee iiaeao
auoue /?acau/aeii iiiaicia/iie. Oaeei ia?acii, noaaeony iiae niiiaiea
oacen ia iaeiiiai?aaeaiiii aeeyiee aeiaaeueiuo iaaeea. Oaeoe/anee
iai?eyoea oacena eoeueoo?iiai eiia?eaeecia iainiiauaaaony iin?aaenoaii
aeoeaioa ia ea/anoaaiii ?acee/iie i?e?iaea i?ioeannia i?iecaiaenoaa e
iio?aaeaiey iaoa?eaeia NIE.
Eiaeea a?aoiaioia ieacuaaaony caeanue i?eia?ii neaaeothuae. N iaeiie
noi?iiu, o?oaeii io?eoeaoue aaaeouoth ?ieue o?ainiaoeeiiaeueiuo eaiiaiee
a i?iecaiaenoaa e ?ani?ino?aiaiee i?iaeoeoeee aeiaaeueiuo NIE. N ae?oaie
noi?iiu, enneaaeiaaiea ie?iauo iaaeea n aeoeaioii ia aii?ina
nianoaaiiinoe e ?ani?aaeaeaiee aeanoiuo ?ano?nia ia iicaieyao aeaoue
aaeaeaaoiue ioaao ia aii?in i nioeeaeueiuo iineaaenoaeyo aini?eyoey
oaenoia NIE.
A ?aieao e?eoeee oacenia eoeueoo?iiai eiia?eaeecia auei iinoaaeaii iiae
niiiaiea i?aaenoaaeaiea i aeiaaeecaoeee eae aanoa?iecaoeee. Iiiyoea
aanoa?iecaoeee ioiineony e /?acau/aeii oe?ieiio niaeo?o yaeaiee e, oai
naiui, caoooaauaaao oeaeue ?yae neiaeiuo ia?aieaoaiee, iaeiaeaiey
o?aaeeoeee caiaaeiiai e iacaiaaeiiai ie?a. Oae, iai?eia?, a
iiaea?iece?othueony iauanoaao a?aaneiai ainoiea oaiaeaioeee e ?anoeaaoo
iio?aaeoaeueneeo noeeae ni/aoathony n o?aaeeoeeiiiuie ?aeeaeiciuie
i?aaenoaaeaieyie.
?acaeoea eaieoaeecia, eiaeono?eaeueiuo ioiioaiee, iaoeeiiaeueiuo
ainoaea?noa iauaeoeaii i?eaiaeeo e ?inoo a?aaeia nia?aiaiiie
oeeaeeecaoeee a ?aciuo aaia?aoe/aneeo /anoyo nia?aiaiiiai ie?a. A yoii
niunea, nianoaaiii caiaaeiua no?aiu iauaeoeaii oa?ytho naie
i?eaeeaae?iaaiiua iiceoeee, iineieueeo oaia?ue neaaeoao aiai?eoue i
?anoe?aiee iaeanoae i?iecaiaenoaa e ooieoeeiie?iaaiey aeiaaeueiuo
eoeueoo?iuo ia?acoeia.
19. ?inney e aeiaaeueiua NIE. Iieiaeeoaeueiua e io?eoeaoaeueiua
iineaaenoaey o/anoey ?innee a i?ioeanna aeiaaeecaoeee iaaeea.
Aeiaaeecaoeey e eiiia?oeeaeecaoeey ?inneeneeo NIE. Aeeyiea aeiaaeecaoeee
ia niaea?aeaiea ?inneeneeo NIE. Aeiaaeecaoeey NIE e aeeyiea ia
iieeoe/aneia niciaiea ?inneyi. Ioa?aeoa?ecoeoa neooaoeeth a ?innee n
oi/ee c?aiey aa o/anoey a aeiaaeecaoeeiiiuo i?ioeannao
Iaaeea yaeythony iaeiei ec aaaeoueo oaeoi?ia oiai, /oi eiaeeaeaeu ec
?aciuo ainoaea?noa ia/eiatho iinoaiaiii aini?eieiaoue naay
i?eiaaeeaaeauei e iaeioi?iio ie?iaiio iauanoao, a niunea ionoonoaey
caieioouo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo, yeiiiie/aneeo, iieeoe/aneeo e eoeueoo?iuo
i?ino?ainoa ia ieaiaoa.
Aiai?y i aeiaaeecaoeee a nia?aiaiiie ?innee iaaei o/eouaaoue
“iaeiaeaiea” aeaoo oaiaeaioeee. N iaeiie noi?iiu, o?ainoi?iaoeey
iinoniaaoneie yeiiiieee iauaeoeaii o?aaiaaea i?iaaaeaiey ?uii/iuo
?aoi?i; n ae?oaie noi?iiu, i?eiyoue ?aaeeeaeueii-eeaa?aeueiue aa?eaio eo
?aaeecaoeee aue iaoneiaeai neiaeeaoeiny ?aneeaaeii iieeoe/aneeo nee a
aunoeo yoaeiiao aeanoe e yeeoiuo e?oaao e, niioaaonoaaiii, io?aaeae
aeiieie?othuea oaiaeaioeee aeiaaeueiuo o?ainoi?iaoeee a oeaeii.
Cia/eoaeueioth ?ieue a yoii i?ioeanna nua?aee ?inneeneea iaaeea. I?e/ai
eo ?ieue i?aaiia?ii, ii iaoaio iiaieth, aiaeece?iaaoue a aeaoo
acaeiinaycaiiuo aniaeoao: aeeyiey ?uii/iuo oaiaeaioeee a aeayoaeueiinoe
NIE; ?iee iaaeea eae o?aineyoi?a ?uii/iuo ia?acia a iauanoaa a oeaeii. A
ianoiyuaa a?aiy oaeoe/anee aaeeinoaaiiie iauaainoaea?noaaiiie eaiiaieae
a ?innee yaeyaony AAO?E (iaania/eaathuae aauaiea oaeaeaiaeia ?O? e
“Eoeueoo?a”). ?ieue ainoaea?noaa a ae?oaeo iaoeeiiaeueiuo e
eaaceiaoeeiiaeueiuo eaiaeao ieacuaaaony nouanoaaiii iaiueoae, i?e/ai
iaeeoei oaiaeaioeey e ?inoo eiiia?oeeaeecaoeee oaeaaeaeaiey.
O?ainoi?iaoeey einoeoooia iaaeea a aecian i?aaiecaoeee ia?ac?uaii
naycaia n oi?ie?iaaieai ?uieia ?aeeaiu, oaeai?ia?aii, n?aaenoa
i?iecaiaenoaa e aeinoaaee oaeai?iaeoeoia aoaeeoi?ee. ?aaeecaoeey eiaeee
?uiea a aeayoaeueiinoe eiiia?/aneeo iaaeea iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaia
neaaeothuae oeaii/eie: eaiiaiey i?eaioe?iaaia ia i?eaueue — i?eaueue a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iaania/eaaaony ?aeeaiiuie iinooieaieyie —
?aeeaiiaeaoaeue eaeao ia oa eaiaeu, eioi?ua niae?atho iaeaieueoaa
eiee/anoai ieaoaaeaniiniaiuo naaiaioia aoaeeoi?ee — niioaaonoaaiii,
eaiaeu eiieo?e?otho ca aoaeeoi?eth iin?aaenoaii i?ia?aii, i?eaeaeathueo
iaeneiaeueiia /enei c?eoaeae — ?aoathuei a ai?ueaa ca ?aeeaiiaeaoaey
noaiiaeony iiiyoea “?aeoeia”. Oaeei ia?acii, ia?aae iaie caieiooue
oeeee: ?aeeaia — aeaiueae — aoaeeoi?ey — ?aeeaia.
Iaeiei ec iniiaiuo oi?iaoia ?inneeneiai oaeaaeaeaiey yaeyaony
oaeana?eae. Ii?aaeaeaiiay aeecinoue a no?oeo?ii-niaea?aeaoaeueiii ieaia
eae ca?oaaaeiie, oae e ioa/anoaaiiie oaeai?iaeoeoeee oi, /oi iie
i?eaioe?iaaiiu, i?aaeaea anaai, ia i?eaea/aiea iaeneiaeueii aieueoie
aoaeeoi?ee. Aeinoeaaaony yoi ca/anooth n iiiiuueth aeieaanoa?ia n
e?eieiaeueiuie nthaeaoaie, iaeiae?ai, iai?eoycaoaeueiuo eiiaaeee. Iaeiei
ec y?eeo i?iyaeaiee aeiaaeueiuo oaiaeaioeee a ?inneeneeo iaaeea noaee
o?aineyoeee eeoeaiceiiiuo ea?iauo oio oeia “Neaaia caaii”, “Ae/iinoue”,
a oaeaea i?ia?aii a oi?iaoa ?aaeeoe-oio — “Ca noaeeii”, “Iineaaeiee
aa?ie”. Iieacaoaeueii, /oi ca/anooth eaeaeiue noa?aeaiue yoeo i?ia?aii
ninoaaeytho nioeeae-aea?aeienoneea iinueee i ai?ueaa ca nouanoaiaaiea
eae iaiaoiaeeiii caeiia aeecie iauanoaa, a eioi?ie ianiiniaiua
oie/oiaeathony, a auaeeaatho a oiaea “anoanoaaiiiai ioai?a” iaeaieaa
i?eniiniaeaiiua.
A oeaeii niaea?aeaiea eiiia?/aneeo NIE a ?innee iaei /ai ioee/aaony io
aiaeiaia a ae?oaeo no?aiao. A yoii niunea i?iyaeaiey ?uii/iuo iaoaieciia
a iaeanoe iaaeea eiatho aeiaaeueiue oa?aeoa?. ?uii/iay eiieo?aioeey
ca/anooth ii?iaeaeaao naiaia?acioth ?uii/ioth “oeaico?o”, naycaiioth n
oai, /oi eiiia?/aneea NIE ieacuaathony ia caeioa?aniaaiiuie a ia?uii/iuo
acaeyaeao e ia?uii/iuo oi?iao ioiioaiee a iauanoaa.
Nae/an eiaiii iin?aaenoaii iaaeea oa eee eiua niauoey i?eia?aoatho
noaoon ?aaeueiiai. Ae?oaeie neiaaie, eeoue oi, i /ai aiai?yo NIE
(iacaaeneii io eo ?aaeueiiai ianooaaa), yaeyaony cia/eiui niauoeai,
oiaaea eae oi, i /ai oiae/eaaaony, niauoeai aiiaua ia noaiiaeony.
Aeiaaeueiua iaaeea ai ana aieueoae noaiaie noaiiayony eino?oiaioii
iiaeeecaoeee, eioi?ay iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny iiaa?o a?aieoe
iaoeeiiaeueiuo ainoaea?noa.
I?e yoii iaaei o/eouaaoue, /oi naie eiaeeaeaeu ioithaeue ia noaiiayony
aieaa aeoeaiuie. Eo aeaenoaey ieacuaathony caaeneiuie io neiaiee/aneie
iieeoeee iaaeea.
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
