The category of Mood

22

Contents

Introduction

1. The Category of Mood

2. The Indicative Mood

3. The Subjunctive Mood

4. The Imperative Mood

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The theme of my course paper sounds as following: «Category of Mood».
Before beginning of investigation in our theme, I would like to say some
words dealt with the theme of my course paper.

Mood is the grammatical category of the verb reflecting the relation of
the action denoted by the verb to reality from the speaker’s point of
view. In the sentences He listens attentively; Listen attentively; You
would have listened attentively if you had been interested, we deal with
the same action of listening, but in the first sentence the speaker
presents the action as taking place in reality, whereas in the second
sentence the speaker urges the listener to perform the action, and in
the third sentence the speaker presents the action as imaginary. These
different relations of the action to reality are expressed by different
mood-forms of the verb: listens, listen, would have listened.

Standing on such ground, I would like to point out tasks and aims of my
work

1. The first task of my work is to give definition to term «mood».

2. The second task is to give the classification of moods in English.

3. The last task of my work is to characterize each mood from
grammatical point of view.

In our opinion the practical significance of our work is hard to be
overvalued. This work reflects modern trends in linguistics and we hope
it would serve as a good manual for those who wants to master modern
English language. Also this work can be used by teachers of English
language for teaching English grammar.

The present work might find a good way of implying in the following
spheres:

1. In High Schools and scientific circles of linguistic kind it can be
successfully used by teachers and philologists as modern material for
writing research works dealing with English verbs.

2. It can be used by teachers of schools, lyceums and colleges by
teachers of English as a practical manual for teaching English grammar.

3. It can be useful for everyone who wants to enlarge his/her knowledge
in English.

After having proved the actuality of our work, I would like to describe
the composition of it:

My work consists of four parts: introduction, the main part, conclusion
and bibliography. Within the introduction part we gave the brief
description of our course paper. The main part of the work includes
several items. There we discussed such problems as the number of moods
in English, their classification, and etc. In the conclusion to our work
we tried to draw some results from the scientific investigations made
within the present course paper. In bibliography part we mentioned some
sources which were used while compiling the present work. It includes
linguistic books and articles dealing with the theme, a number of used
dictionaries and encyclopedias and also some internet sources.

1. The Category of Mood

Mood is the grammatical category of the verb reflecting the relation of
the action denoted by the verb to reality from the speaker’s point of
view.

In the sentences He listens attentively; Listen attentively; You would
have listened attentively if you had been interested, we deal with the
same action of listening, but in the first sentence the speaker presents
the action as taking place in reality, whereas in the second sentence
the speaker urges the listener to perform the action,; and in the third
sentence the speaker presents the action as imaginary.

These different relations of the action to reality are expressed by
different mood-forms of the verb: listens, listen, would have listened.

There is no unity of opinion concerning the category of mood in English.
Thus A.I. Smirnitsky, O.S. Akhmanova, M. Ganshina and N. Vasilevskaya
find six moods in Modern English (‘indicative’, ‘imperative’,
‘subjunctive I’, ‘subjunctive IF, ‘conditional’ and ‘suppositional’),
B.A. Ilyish, L.P. Vinokurova, V.N. Zhigadlo, I.P. Iva-nova, L.L. Iofik
find only three moods – ‘indicative’, ‘imperative’ and ‘subjunctive’.
The latter, according to B.A. Ilyish appears in two forms – the
conditional and the subjunctive. L.S. Barkhudarov and D.A. Shteling
distinguish only the ‘indicative’ and the ‘subjunctive’ mood. The latter
is subdivided into ‘subjunctive I’ and ‘subjunctive IF. The ‘imperative’
and the ‘conjunctive’ are treated as forms outside the category of mood.

G.N. Vorontsova distinguishes four moods in English: 1) ‘indicative’, 2)
‘optative’, represented in three varieties (‘imperative’,
‘desiderative’, ‘subjunctive’), 3) ‘speculative’, found in two varieties
(‘dubitative’ and ‘irrealis’) and 4) ‘presumptive’.

In general the number of English moods in different theories varies from
two to seventeen.

In this work the indicative, imperative and subjunctive moods are
considered.

The difficulty of distinguishing other moods from the indicative in
English is connected with the fact that, barring be, they do not contain
a single form which is not used in the indicative mood. At the same time
the indicative mood contains many forms not used in other moods. The
subjunctive mood is richer in forms than the imperative mood.

So the meaning of the three moods are distinguished in the language
structure not so much by the opposition of individual forms (as is the
case in the opposemes of other categories), as by the opposition of the
systems of forms each mood possesses. By way of illustration let us
compare the synthetic forms of the lexeme have in the three moods.

IndicativeSubjunctiveImperativehave, has, hadhave, hadhave

This is why it is difficult to represent the category of mood in
opposemes, like other categories.

In speech, the meanings of the three moods are distinguished not so much
by the forms of the verbs, as by their distribution.

Cf. When I need a thing, I go and buy it. We insist that he go and buy
it. Go and buy it.

One of the most important differences between the indicative and the
other moods is that the meaning of ‘tense’ does not go with the meanings
of subjunctive mood and imperative mood. ‘Tense’ reflects the real time
of a real action. The imperative and subjunctive moods represent the
action not as real, but as desired or imagined, and the notions of real
time are discarded 1.

The meaning of ‘perfect order’ does not go with the meaning of
imperative mood because one cannot require of anyone to fulfill an
action preceding the request. But it is easy to imagine a preceding
action. Therefore the system of the subjunctive mood includes opposites
of order.

Aspect and voice opossums are characteristic of the systems of all
moods, but the ‘passive’ and ‘continuous’ members of the opossums are
very rarely used in the imperative mood. There are person opossums
(though not systematically used) of only one type in the subjunctive
mood system (should go – would go) and none in the imperative mood. The
number oppose me was – were is sometimes realized in the subjunctive
mood (colloquial). Opposites of the category of posteriority (shall go –
should go; will go – would go) are typical only of the indicative mood.

2. The Indicative Mood

The indicative mood is the basic mood of the verb. Morphologically it is
the most developed system including all the categories of the verb.

Semantically it is a fact mood. It serves to present an action as a fact
of reality. It is the «most objective» or the «least subjective» of all
the moods. It conveys minimum personal attitude to the fact. This
becomes particularly manifest in such sentences as Water consists of
oxygen and hydrogen where consists denotes an actual fact, and the
speaker’s attitude is neutral.

We shall now proceed to the analysis of the grammatical categories of
the indicative mood system.

The category of tense is a system of three-member opposemes such as
writes – wrote – will write, is writing – was writing – will be writing
showing the relation of the time of the action denoted by the verb to
the moment of speech.

The time of an action or event can be expressed lexically with the help
of such words and combinations of words as yesterday, next week, now, a
year ago, at half past seven, on the fifth of March, in 1957, etc. It
can also be shown grammatically by means of the category of tense.

The difference between the lexical and the grammatical expression of
time is somewhat similar to the difference between the lexical and the
grammatical expression of number.

a) Lexically it is possible to name any definite moment or period of
time: a century, a year, a day, a minute. The grammatical meaning of
‘tense’ is an abstraction from» only three particular tenses: the
‘present’, the ‘past’ and the I future*.

b) Lexically a period of time is named directly (e. g. on Sunday). The
grammatical indication of time is indirect: it is not time that a verb
like asked names, but an action that took place before the moment of
speech.

c) As usual, the grammatical meaning of ‘tense’ is relative. Writes
denotes a ‘present’ action because it is contrasted with wrote denoting
a ‘past’ action and with will write naming a ‘future’ action. Writing
does not indicate the time of the action because it has not tense
opposites. Can has only a ‘past tense’ opposite, so it cannot refer to
the past, but it may refer to the present and future (can do it
yesterday is impossible, but can do it today, tomorrow is normal).

N o t e. By analogy with can, must has acquired the oblique meaning of
‘present-future’ tense, but sometimes it refers to the past.

It is usual to express the notions of time graphically by means of
notions of space. Let us then imagine the limitless stretch of time – a
very long railway along which we are moving in a train.
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Let us further suppose that the train is now at station C. This is, so
to say, the present. Stations A, B and all other stations passed by the
train are the past, and stations D, E and all other stations the train
is going to reach are in the future.

It would seem that the present is very insignificant, a mere point in
comparison with the limitless past and future. But this point is of
tremendous importance to the people in the train, because they are
always in the present. When the train reaches station D, it ceases to be
the future and becomes the present, while station C joins the past.

In reality, and accordingly in speech, the relation between the present,
the past and the future is much more complicated. The present is
reflected in speech not only as a mere point, the moment of speaking or
thinking, but as a more or less long period of time including this
moment. Compare, for instance, the meanings of the word now in the
following sentences:

1. A minute ago he was crying, and n o w he is laughing.

2. A century ago people did not even dream of the radio, and now we
cannot imagine our life without it.

The period of time covered by the second now is much longer, without,
definite limits, but it includes the moment of speaking.

In the sentence The Earth rotates round the Sun we also deal with the
present. But the present in this case not only includes the present
moment, but it covers an immense period of time stretching: in both
directions from the present moment.

Thus the ‘present’ is a variable period of time including the present
moment or the moment of speech.

The ‘past’ is the time preceding the present moment, and the ‘future’ is
the time following the present moment. Neither of them includes the
present moment.

The correlation of time and tense is connected with the problem of the
absolute and relative use of tense grammemes.

We say that some tense is absolute if it shows the time of the action in
relation to the present moment (the moment of speech).

This is the case in the Russian sentences:

Он работает на заводе.

Он работал на заводе.

Он будет работать на заводе.

The same in English:

He works at a factory.

He worked at a factory.

He will work at a factory.

But very often tense reflects the time of an action not with regard to
the moment of speech but to some other moment in the past or in the
future, indicated by the tense of another verb.

E.g.

он работает на заводе

Он сказал, что он работал на заводе

он будет работать на заводе

он работает на заводе

Он скажет, что он работал на заводе

он будет работать на заводе

Here the tenses of the principal clauses сказал and скажет are used
absolutely, while all the tenses of the subordinate clauses are used
relatively. The present tense does not refer to the present time but to
the time of the action сказал in the first case and скажет in the
second. The future tense он будет работать does not indicate the time
following the present moment, but the time following the moment of the
action сказал in the first case and скажет in the second. The same holds
true with regard to the past tense.

In English such relative use of tenses is also possible with regard to
some future moment.

he works at a factory

He will say that he worked at a factory.

he will work at a factory.

But as a rule, this is impossible with regard to a moment in the past,
as in

he works at a factory.

He said that he worked at a factory.

he will work at a factory.

Instead of that an Englishman uses:

he worked at a factory.

He said that he had worked at a factory.

he would work at a factory.

Why is the first version impossible, or at least uncommon? Because the
tenses of works, worked, will work cannot be used relatively with regard
to the past moment indicated by the verb said (as it would be in
Russian, for instance). In English they are, as a rule, used absolutely,
i.e. with regard to the moment of speech.

Therefore a ‘present tense’ verb may be used here only if the time of
the action it expresses includes the moment of speech, which occurs, for
instance, in clauses expressing general statements (He said that water
boils at 100o C), in clauses of comparison (Last year he spoke much
worse than he does now), and in some other cases.

Similarly, a ‘future tense’ verb may be used here if the action it
expresses refers to some time following the moment of speech.

E. g. Yesterday I heard some remarks about the plan we shall discuss
tomorrow.

The past tense of worked in the sentence He said that he worked at a
factory also shows the past time not with regard to the time of the
action of saying (as would be the case in the Russian sentence он
сказал, что работает на заводе), but with regard to the moment of
speech.

Since English has special forms of the verb to express ‘precedence’ or
‘priority’ – the perfect forms – the past perfect is used to indicate
that an action preceded some other action (or event) in the past. He
said that he ha d worked at a factory. But both in the principal and in
the subordinate clause the tense of the verb is the same – the past
tense used absolutely.

Summing up, we» may say that a ‘past tense’ verb is used in an English
subordinate clause not because there is a ‘past tense’ verb in the
principal clause, i.e. as a result of the so-called sequence of tenses,
but simply in accordance with its meaning of ‘past tense’.

The category of posteriority is the system of two-member opposemes, like
shall come – should come, will be writing – would be writing, showing
whether an action is posterior with regard to the moment of speech or to
some moment in the past.

As we know, a ‘past tense’ verb denotes an action prior to the moment of
speech and a ‘future tense’ verb names a posterior action with regard to
the moment of speech. When priority or posteriority is expressed in
relation to the moment of speech, we call it absolute. But there may be
relative priority or posteriority, with regard to some other moment. A
form like had written, for instance, expresses an action prior to some
moment in the past, i.e. it expresses relative priority. The form should
enter expresses posteriority with regard to so Tie past moment, i.e.
relative posteriority.

The first, member of the opposeme shall enter – should enter has, the
meaning of ‘absolute posteriority’, and the second member possesses the
meaning of ‘relative posteriority’.

These two meanings are the particular manifestations of the general
meaning of the – category, that of ‘posteriority’.

The grammemes represented by should come, would come are traditionally
called the future in the past, a name which reflects their meaning of
‘relative posteriority’. But there is no agreement as to the place these
grammemes occupy in the system of the English verb.

Some linguists 1 regard them as isolated grammemes, outside the system
of morphological categories. Others 3 treat them as some kind of
‘dependent future tense’ and classify them with those ‘finite verb
forms’ which depend on the nature of the sentence. A.I. Smirnitsky tries
to prove that they are not ‘tense forms’ but ‘mood forms’, since they
are homonymous with the so-called ‘conditional mood forms’.

Cf. I thought it would rain. I think it would rain if it were not so
windy.

In our opinion none of these theories are convincing.

1. The grammemes discussed are not isolated. As shown above they belong
to the morphological category of posteriority.

2. They are not «tense forms». In the sentences

I know she will come.

I knew she would come.

I had Mown she would come.

neither will come – would come, nor knew – had known is a tense
opposeme, because the difference between the members of the opposemes is
not that of tense. The members of the first opposeme share the meaning
of ‘future’ tense, those of the second opposeme – the meaning of ‘past
tense’. The only meanings the members of the first opposeme distinguish
are those of ‘absolute’ and ‘relative’ posteriority. The members of the
second opposeme distinguish only the meanings of ‘perfect.’ –
‘non-perfect’ order.

3. The grammemes in question are not ‘mood forms’. As we know all the
grammemes of the subjunctive mood (with the exception of be) are
homonymous with those of the indicative mood. So the fact that would
rain is used in both moods proves nothing.

The examples produced by A.I. Smirnitsky clearly show the difference
between would rain in the sentence I thought it would rain and in the
sentence I think it would rain, if it were not so windy. The first would
rain is opposed to will rain (I think it will rain) and denotes a real
action following some other action in the past (I thought…). In other
words, it possesses the meanings of ‘indicative’ mood and ‘relative’
posteriority. The second would rain cannot be opposed to will rain. It
denotes an imaginary action simultaneous with or following the moment of
speech (I think…). Hence, it has the meanings of ‘non-perfect’ order and
‘subjunctive mood’.

The category of person in the Indo-European languages serves to present
an action as associated by the speaking person with himself (or a group
of persons including the speaker), the person or persons addressed, and
the person or thing (persons or things) not participating in the process
of speech. (Cf. with the meanings of the personal pronouns.) Thus in
Russian it is represented in sets of three-member opposemes such as

читаю – читаешь – читает

читаем – читаете – читают

Likewise in Modern German we have

gehe – gehst – geht

gehen – geht – gehen

In Modern English the category of person has certain peculiarities.

1. The second member of the opposemes

speak – speakest – speaks

am – art – is

is not used colloquially. It occurs in Modern English only in poetry, in
solemn or pathetic prose with a distinct archaic flavour, e.g.:

Kind nature, thou art

to all a bountiful mother. (Carlyle).

The category of person is practically represented by two-member
opposemes: speak – speaks, am – is.

2. Person opposemes are neutralized when associated with the ‘plural’
meaning.

A.I. Smirnitsky thinks that owing to the presence of the plural personal
pronouns (we, you, they) person distinctions are felt in the plural of
the verb as well.

E. g. we know – you know – they know.

This idea is open to criticism. If the verb itself (in the plural) does
not show any person distinctions we are bound to admit that in Modern
English the verb in the plural has no person.

Thus if we overlook the archaic writest or speakest, we should say that
in all verbs (but the defective verbs having no person distinctions at
all: he can, she may) the person opposerne is found only in the
singular, and it consists of two members (speak – speaks), the third
person with a positive morpheme being opposed to the first person with a
zero morpheme.

3. Person distinctions do not go with the meaning of the ‘past tense’ in
the English verb, e. g. I (he) asked… (cf. the Russian Я (он/ты)
спросил).

4. As regards all those groups of grammemes where the word-morphemes
shall and should are opposed to the word-morphemes will, would, one has
to speak of the first person expressed by forms with shall (should) as
opposed to the non-first person expressed by the forms with will
(would): The person distinctions in such opposemes (shall come – will
come) are not connected-with number meanings.

These distinctions, however, are being gradually obliterated through the
spreading of -‘ll and the extensive use of will and would for shall and
should.

The category of number shows whether the action is associated with one
doer or with more than one. Accordingly it denotes something
fundamentally different from what is indicated by the number of nouns.
We see here not the ‘oneness’ or ‘more-than-oneness’ of actions, but the
connection with the singular or plural doer. As M. Bryant puts it, «He
eats three times a day» does not indicate a single eating but a single
eater.

The category is represented in its purity in the opposeme was – were and
accordingly in all analytical forms containing was – were (was writing –
were writing’, was written – were written).

In am – are, is – are or am, is – are it is blended with person.
Likewise in speaks – speak we actually have the ‘third person singular’
opposed to the non-‘third-person-singular’.

Accordingly the category of number is but scantily represented in Modern
English.

Some verbs do not distinguish number at all because of their peculiar
historical development: / (we) can…, he (they) must…, others are but
rarely used in the singular because the meaning of ‘oneness’ is hardly
compatible with their lexical meanings, e. g. to crowd, to conspire,
etc.

It is natural, therefore, that in Modern English the verb is most
closely connected with its subject, which may be left out only when the.
doer of the action is quite clear from the context.

3. The Subjunctive Mood

Probably the only thing linguists are unanimous about with regard to the
subjunctive mood is that It represents an action as a ‘non-fact’, as
something imaginary, desirable, problematic, contrary to reality. In all
other respects opinions differ.

To account for this difference of opinion it is necessary to take into
consideration at least two circumstances:

1) The system of the subjunctive mood in Modern English has been and
still is in a state of development. There are many elements in it which
are rapidly falling into disuse and there are new elements coming into
use.

2) The authors describing the subjunctive mood often make no distinction
between language and speech, system and usage. The opposition of the
three moods as systems is mixed up with detailed descriptions of the
various shades of meaning certain forms express in different
environments.

The development of the modal verbs and that of the subjunctive mood –
the lexical and morphological ways of expressing modality – have much in
common.

The original ‘present tense’ forms of the modal verbs were ousted by the
‘past tense’ forms (may, can). New ‘past tense’ forms were created
(could, might, must, ought). The new ‘past tense’ forms must and ought
have again superseded their ‘present tense’ opposites and are now the
only forms of these verbs.

The forms be, have, write, go, etc., which were originally forms of the
‘present tense’, ‘subjunctive mood’ grammemes, have suffered a similar
process and are now scarcely used in colloquial English. They have
become archaic and are found as survivals in poetry, high prose,
official documents and certain set expressions like Long live…, suffice
it to say…, etc. The former ‘past tense subjunctive’ has lost its ‘past’
meaning, and its forms are mostly used to denote an action not preceding
the moment of speech.

The new analytical forms with should have replaced the former present
subjunctive in popular speech. Compare the archaic Take heed, lest thou
fall (Maxwell) and the usual

Take heed, lest you should fall.

In American English where many archaic features are better preserved
(Cf. gotten for got) the former present tense forms are more common.

E. g. She demanded furiously that the old man. be left alone. (Dreiser).

Some new elements have come and are still coming into the system of the
subjunctive mood. In Old English the subjunctive mood system did not
contain any ‘person’ opposemes. They were introduced later together with
should and would, but these distinctions are observed only in a few
types of sentences.

With the loss of the – en suffix of the plural the subjunctive mood
system lost all number opposemes in Middle English. At present such
opposemes are being introduced together with the word was as opposed to
were.

E. g. You’d be glad if I w a s dead. (Bennett).

Barring the archaic ‘present tense’ forms, the’ subjunctive mood system
of Modern English makes use of those forms which express a ‘past tense’
meaning in the indicative mood system. Since they are not opposed to the
‘present tense’ and ‘future tense’ grammemes, they have no ‘tense’
meaning. What unites them is the meaning of ‘irreality’ as opposed to
the meaning of ‘reality’ common to all the indicative mood grammemes.

Having no ‘tense’ opposemes the subjunctive mood system makes extensive
use of ‘order’ opposemes. The ‘perfect’ forms are used to express an
action imagined as prior to some other action or event.

E. g. The Married Woman’s Property Act would so have interfered with him
if he hadn’t mercifully married before it was passed. (Galsworthy).

The ‘perfect’ forms, naturally, express actions imagined as prior to the
event of speaking, i. e. actions imagined in the past.

E.g. If I had known that, I s ho u I d have acted differently. It is
strange t/iat he s h o u I d have spoken so.

The non-perfect forms do not express priority. The action they denote
may be thought of as simultaneous with some event or even following it.
The order of the action in such cases is expressed not by the form of
the verb but by the whole situation or lexically.

Cf. I wish he were here now. I wish he were here tomorrow. Even if he c
a m e to-morrow that will be too Me. (Ruck).

The ‘passive voice’ and ‘continuous aspect’ meanings are expressed much
in the same way as in the indicative mood system.

E. g. In a moment he would have been drowned. (Braddon).

She sat not reading, wondering if he were coming in… (Galsworthy).

The various shades of meaning subjunctive mood grammemes may acquire in
certain environments, and the types of sentences and clauses they are
used in, are not part of the morphological system of moods and need not
be treated here. Still an, exception can be made.

Some linguists l think that would help in the sentence If he were here
he would help us represents a separate mood called ‘conditional’.

The arguments are as follows:

1. The form would help expresses ‘dependent unreality’: the realization
of the action depends on the condition expressed in the subordinate
clause (If-clause).

2. It is ‘mainly used in the principal clause of a complex sentence with
a subordinate clause of unreal condition’.

3. Should is used for the first person and would for the other persons.

Let us analyze these arguments.

1. If the meaning of ‘dependent unreality’ is to be treated as the
meaning of a separate mood, then the meaning of ‘dependent reality’ in a
similar sentence If he is here, he will help us must likewise be
regarded as the meaning of a separate mood which is to be distinguished
from the indicative mood. The meaning of tell in the sentence If you see
her tell her to come can also be defined as ‘dependent urging’ and be
regarded as the meaning of a separate mood distinct from the imperative
mood.

2. The second argument deals with speech environment and is of little
value since the same authors produce examples of the ‘conditional mood’
in different types of sentences.

Would you mind my opening the window?

I should like to speak to you, etc.

3. The third argument is justly rejected by G.N. Vorontsova who produces
many literary examples to show that ‘ would-Forms’ are used with the
first person as often as ‘should-forms’.

E. g. If I had held another pistol in my hand /would have shot him. I
would love to think that you took an interest in teaching me… I wish I
had a lot of money, I wouldn’t live another day in London. (Galsworthy).

Besides, the popular use of forms with – ‘d instead of should and would
shows the oblitaration of ‘person’ distinctions.

4. The name conditional hardly fits, seeing that the forms with
should–would are as a rule not used in conditional clauses. They are
mostly used in principal clauses or simple sentences, which
distinguishes their distribution from that of forms without should –
would used almost exclusively in subordinate clauses.

E. g. After all, if he lost it would not be he who paid. (Galsworthy).

Under normal conditions Winifred would merely have locked the door.
(lb).

The difference between the two sets of opposemes

had written (order)

wrote were written (voice)

were writing (aspect)

should have written (order)

should write should be written (voice)

should be writing (aspect)

would write (person, irregular)

Is thus a matter of usage. That does not exclude, of course, «the
possibility of a language category with speech significance (cf. the
categories of case, voice). Hence the necessity of further
investigation.

What unites all the grammemes above and distinguishes them from the
homonymous grammemes of the indicative mood as a system is

1) the meaning of «non-fact», the presentation of the action as
something imaginary,

2) the system of opposemes, as contrasted with that of the indicative
mood.

4. The Imperative Mood

The imperative mood represents an action as a command, urging, request,
exhortation addressed to one’s interlocutor^). It is a direct expression
of one’s will. Therefore it is much more ‘subjective’ than the
indicative mood. Its modal meaning is very strong and distinct.

The imperative mood is morphologically the least developed of all moods.
In fact, the grammeme write, know, warn, search, do, etc. is the only
one regularly met in speech (as to don’t write, do write). The
‘continuous’ and ‘passive’ opposites of this grammeme (be writing, be
searching, etc; be known, be warned, etc.) are very rare.

E.g. B e always searching for new sensations. (Wilde). Be warned in
time, mend your manner. (Shaw).

Though the system of the ‘imperative’ mood does not contain ‘person’
opposemes, it cannot be said that there is no meaning of ‘person’ in the
imperative mood grammemes. On the contrary, all of them are united by
the meaning of ‘second person’ because it is always to his interlocutor
(the second person) that the speaker addresses his order or request
expressed with the help of – imperative mood forms. Thus the meaning of
«second person» is a lexico-grammatical meaning common to all the
imperative mood grammemes. This meaning makes it unnecessary to use the
subject you with predicate verbs in the imperative mood. But sometimes
you is used for emphasis, as in Don’t you do it!

Some linguists are of the opinion that Modern English possesses
analytical forms of the imperative mood for the first and the third
person built up with the help of the semantically weakened unstressed
let, as in Let him come, Let us g o, etc.

G.N. Vorontsova gives a detailed analysis of these constructions to
prove that they are analytical forms of the imperative:

1) Sentences like Let’s let newspaper reporters take a crack at her
(Gardner) prove that unlike the second let which is a notional verb the
first let is devoid of lexical meaning.

2) It is quite possible to treat the objective case pronouns in the
sentences Let me be frank, Let him look out, Let them both see, as the
subjects.

3) An order can be addressed not only to the second person but to the
third person as well.

Compare: Someone make an offer – and quick! (Barr).

Let someone make an offer.

4) The recognition of the let-constructions as the analytical forms of
the imperative would make the imperative a developed morphological
system.

All these considerations are serious enough. Still there are some
objections to these constructions being regarded as analytical forms of
the imperative.

1. There is some difference in meaning between Go! and Let him go. In
the second case no direct urging is expressed as it is typical of the
imperative mood.

2. Cases like Do not let us ever allude to those times, with the
word-morpheme do, alongside of such sentences as Let it not be doubted
that they were nice, well-behaved girls (Bennett), without the
word-morpheme do, show that let has not yet established itself as a
word-morpheme of the imperative mood.

To be on the safe side, we shall assume that the if-constructions are
analytical words in the making.

Conclusion

In the conclusion of my work, I would like to say some words according
the done investigation. The main research was written in the main part
of my course paper. So here I’ll give content of it with the description
of question discussed in each paragraph.

The main part of my work consists of following items:

· «The Category of Mood» Here I gave the definition to the term MOOD,
described views of well-known linguists on this problem (number of moods
in modern English)

· «The Indicative Mood»

«The Imperative Mood» In these three paragraphs I determined three types
of mood of English verb, which are accepted by all linguists, also I
described when these moods can be used and how can be translated into
Russian (examples are given in the text).

Standing on such ground I will add that investigation in the questions
dealt with English verbs and their category of mood is not finished yet,
so we will continue it while writing our qualification work.

I hope that my course paper will arise the sincere interest of students
and teachers to the problem of adjectives in contemporary English.

Bibliography

1. B. Ilyish, The Structure of Modern English.

2. V.N. Zhigadlo, I.P. Ivanova, L.L. Iofik» Modern English language»
(Theoretical course grammar) Moscow, 1956 y.

3. Gordon E.M. The Use of adjectives in modern English.

4. М.М. Галииская. «Иностранные языки в высшей школе», вып. 3, М., 1964.

5. Г.Н. Воронцова. Очерки по грамматике английского языка. М., 1960

6. O. Jespersen. Essentials of English Grammar. N.Y., 1938

7. Иванова И.П., Бурлакова В.В., Почепцов Г.Г. Теоретическая грамматика
современного английского языка. – М., 1981. – 285 c.

8. Ch. Barber. Linguistic change in Present-Day English. Edinburgh, 1964

9. The Structure of American English. New York, 1958.

10. World Book Encyclopedia Vol.1 NY. 1993 pp.298–299

11. Internet http://madrasati2010.bravehost.com/adj.htm

12. Internet http://www.vestnik.vsu.ru

13. Internet:http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs/theory.htm

14. Inbternet:http://www.englishlanguage.ru/main/verbs_mood.htm

Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter