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Особенности английской грамматики

Язык: русский
Формат: контрольна
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2

1. П????е и ????о ????? ?????я, ????е ???х ?оят в ??? ??? ??????? и
???????о ???в. В???е ? ???о ?????я ????е и ????? ?о ??????ю ??у (?. ???ц
1 и ???ы №1, 2)

1. He’s been to Finland several times, so he speaks quite good Finnish.

Он ????о ?з ?л в Ф?ля??, ?э?? ????? ??? ?во?т ? ???м.

has been – Present Perfect Active ? ??????о ???а to be

2. The goods are being shipped by our supplier in China.

Т?а? ???ляю?я ??? ?????м ?????м в К??.

are being shipped – Present Continuous Passive ? ???ь?? ???а to ship

3. I’ve just heard Carla Dixon has been promoted to Marketing Director.

Я ??? ?о ???л, ?о К?? Д??н ????а ? ?? ??????? ????а.

has been promoted – Present Perfect Passive ? ?????о ???а to promote.

4. A whole range of measures must be taken with the demographic problems
in Europe.

Д?ж? ?? ??я? ????е ?? ?я ???я ???????й ???? в Е??е.

must be taken – Future Simple Passive ? ?????о ???а to take.

2. П????е ?????я и ????о ????? ? ? ???й я?к, ???я ???? ? ???и ?????.
П??р, ?лю?ю?й ?????ю «С??? ????? с ?????? ???н ?ё?о?? (?. ???ц ????ия 2,
???ы №3, 4)

1. We aim to increase our profits by at least 5% every year.

Мы ???? ?????ь ???ь ? ???й ?? ? 5% ??? ?д.

2. We advise you to train your staff to deal with customers in a more
polite manner.

Мы ???? В? ???ь п???л ?? ??е ??????? с ????ля?.

3. The loan has to be repaid within two years.

С?? ??? ?? ???? в ???и 2-х ?т.

4. Our society grants consumers the right to be informed and prohibits
deceptive practices and promotions that intentionally mislead consumers.

Н?а ????ция ?????я? ?????ям ??о ? ????ию и з???? ????? ????? ?? ??й,
???е ??т ??? ?????? в ?????е.

3. П????е и ????о ???д?е ? ???й я?к ?????я с ???тия? I и II. П?????
????я. (?. ???ц ????ия 3, ???у №5)

1. Currency is the money used in a particular country.

В?ю? э? ???, ?????? в ????? ?р?е.

2. The number of small businesses involving such services as shoe
mending or car repairing is rather high in most countries.

В ?л???? ??н ??? ??и и ??с??с ???? ???????? ?? ??? б???.

3. Having designed the Internet site, the company is sure to promote
advertising of its goods.

С??н? И???т ??а ???? ?????й ???т ???ы ??????о ? ???.

4. Being a big international organization the ILO has its official
agencies in many countries of the world.

М?д????я ?????я ??а ??т ?????е ????????а ? ??? ???х ? ?е? ??.

4. П????е ?????я и ????о ????? ? ? ???й я?к, ???я ???? ? ???и ???ия (?.
???ц ????ия 4, ???у №6)

1. We regret that in calculating labour costs some errors appeared in
our analysis.

Мы ????, ?о в ???е ?оя??? ?к??? ???, ????? в ?????.

2. This business school is committed to equipping women to become global
business leaders.

Б??с-??а ????ся ?????й ??? к ??, ??ы ?и ??и ????? ???е ?р???и.

3. In our company we have a strong tradition of providing vocational
training for our people.

В ??й ???? ?? ??я?аяся ???? ????ь ???????ую ????? ?????в.

4. Movie producers often publicize their films and publishers sometimes
advertise their books by using puffery.

П?дюс?ы ???в и ???? ?? ??? ???ят «????? ????е ???? ? ?????ю ??? ???.

5. П????е и ????о ????? ? ???й я?к ??ую?е ???? ?е???ия (см. ???ц ????ия
5, ???у №7)

1. If we sent our goods by sea, the transport costs would be much lower.

Если бы мы отправили товары морем, транспортные расходы были бы
значительно ниже.

2. If the wage paid in a certain industry had risen, workers would have
been attracted from other industries.

Рост уровня зарплаты в определенной отрасли промышленности привлек бы
рабочих из других отраслей

3. If your second interview goes well, I’m sure they’ll offer you the
job.

Если твое второе интервью пройдет успешно, я уверен, они предложат тебе
работу.

4. Will you open a Letter of Credit if you don’t receive a cable of
readiness of the goods for shipment?

Откроете ли вы аккредитив, если товар не будет полностью готов к
отправке?

6. П????е ???ж?ия. О????е ??????и ???и ???ы ???х и ?????х ?????й. П????е
?????я ? ???й я?к (?. ???ц ????ия 6, ???у №5)

1. This is the customer /we received the complaint from.

Э? ?????ь, ? ???? ? ???? ???.

2. They promoted the manager / whose sales team was most successful.

О? ???ют ????а, ?я ???а ???? ????а в ????.

3. Everything depends on the way / the matter will be presented to the
Board of Directors.

В? ???т ? ??, ?к э?т ??? ??т ?????н ? ??? ?????.

4. The company had invested enough money, / so that they could cover
their bad debts.

К??ния ??????а ??а??о ??г, ??ы ???? ?? ?????е ??и.

7. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующий текст

Taxation

Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: without it,
it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect
us: nor the workers in government offices who look after our health, our
food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for
ourselves, nor also the ministers and members of parliament who govern
the country for us. By means of taxation we pay for things that we need
just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat.

But though everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people
have different ideas about how taxation should be arranged. Should each
person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each
year? Or should there be a tax on things that people buy and sell? If
the first kind of taxation is used, should everyone pay the same tax,
whether he is rich or poor? If the second kind of taxation is preferred,
should everything be taxed equally?

In most countries, a direct tax on persons, which is called income tax
exists. It is arranged in such a way, that the poorest people pay
nothing, and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer’s
income grows.

But countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation,
too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or
«duties». Of course, it is the men and women who buy these imported
things in the shops who really have to pay the duties, in the form of
higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax on things sold in
the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is
collected, but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things like
jewels and fur coats are taxed, less money is obtained, but the tax is
fairer, as the rich pay it.

Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on
incomes, which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best
arrangement.

Н???????

В? ?ают, ?о ???????е ????? в ?????х ???х: ?з ?? ????? ??т ???ь ???? ????
и ?????м, ???е ???ют ?с; ????? ??????а, ???яю?м ??????, ???ю?м ? ??
????, ??, ?? и ??? ??, ???е ? ? ??м ??????? ???оя??но. За ?? ???в ?
????ем ?????? ??и ??и ???е с ???, ?е ??о ??, и ??й, ???ю ??о ??.

Х?я ?е ?ают, ?о ???????е ?????, у ????х лю?й ?? ????е ??и ??ия ? ?, ?к
??г ??? ????я. Д??н ? ??? ???к ???ь ?????у ??? ?д ?????? ????? ??г ?и
??? ???ь ??г ??? ? ?, ?о ???? и ???т. Е?и ?????ся ??? ???, ??? ? ?е ???ь
????? ??? ????? ? ??? ?????о ????я? Е?и ? ?????ся ??? ??д, ? ??? ? ?е
????ся ??? ???м?

В ?????е ??н ??? ?я?й ??г ???у ????, ? ????ся ?д???м ???м. Он ????? ?к,
?о с ??? лю?й ? ???я ???, а с ?????м ??? ????????а ???т в????о ???
??????я.

О??о ??? с ?я?м ???????? ???ую ??????ают и ????е ???????е. М??е ??,
??????е ? ?у?х ??н, ???ю?я ???м ?и ??е ?????и ????и. К???, ????и ??????и
э?? ??? я?яю?я ???ы и ??и?, ???ю?е э?т ??р в ????. К? ?а?? ??г ??????я в
?? ???. В ????х ??? ??е ?? ??г ? ??р, ?????й в ????. Е?и ???ь ????????и
???? ??? ??????и, ? ??о ???ь ??? ??г, ? ?и э?м ??? ????ют ??? лю?. Е?и
??а? ??г ? ???? ???и, ??е ?к ю???? ??ш?ия и ??, ??т ????я ??? ???в, ? ?и
э?м ??а ? ??т ??, ?к ?к ???ь ? ??т ???е лю?.

В?оя?о ????й ?п ???????я, ?лю?ю?й ????й ??г и ????? ??г, ??ся?й ? ??ня
???в, я?я?ся ???? ???м.

8. Н??? в ??? и ???? ????? э????? ??ую?х ???х ?? и ?????а?й:

1. ?????? ????? ??г

2. ??е ???е ??

3. ???я? с???

4. ?? ?????

5. с ???ю

6. ?я?й ??г

7. ????? ??г

8. ??д ????????а

9. ????е ???????е

10. ???ь ???– a certain amount of money

– higher prices

– govern the country

– member of parliament

– by means

– direct tax

– income tax

– taxpayer’s income

– indirect taxation

– to pay taxes

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