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Ieienoa?noai Ia?aciaaiey e Iaoee ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai
Caiaaeii-Eacaonoaineee Ainoaea?noaaiiue Oieaa?neoao ei. I. Ooaieniaa.

Eaoaae?a oai?ee e i?aeoeee

iao/aiey aiaeeeneiai ycuea

Eo?niaay ?aaioa

Ii iaoiaeeea iao/aiey eiino?aiiiai ycuea

Ia oaio: « Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n aiaeeeneiai ycuea»

Auiieieea: nooaeaioea a?. 03301 ?naeeia A. A.

Iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue: Eaaeu?aaeeaaa N. E.

O?aeuene 2009 aiae

Niaea?aeaiea

Aaaaeaiea

I. Oai?aoe/aneay /anoue:

Aeaaa 1. Iauaa iiiyoea i oaeoeueoaoeaiii eo?na

1.1 Nia?aiaiiua oaeoeueoaoeau, i?eioeeiu oaeoeueoaoeaiiai iao/aiey,
oeaee, niaea?aeaiea e eeanneoeeaoeey oaeoeueoaoeaiuo eo?nia

1.2 Iniaaiiinoe oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee

Aeaaa 2. Oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey, eae aeae aiaeeanniie ?aaiou

2.1 I?aaiecaoeey oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee

2.2 I?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee «Ooaeiaeanoaaiii-?a/aaay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia eiino?aiiii ycuea»

II. I?aeoe/aneay /anoue:

1. Oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu ii aiaeeeneiio ycueo aeey o/aueony ia/aeueiie
oeieu

2. I?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na ii aiaeeeneiio ycueo aeey n?aaeieo
eeannia

3. Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n «I?aeoe/aneay a?aiiaoeea aiaeeeneiai ycuea» aeey
noa?oeo eeannia

III. Caeeth/aiea

IV. Nienie eeoa?aoo?u

Aaaaeaiea

Aeooaeueiinoue oaiu enneaaeiaaiey. XXI aae yoi – aae ia?aciaaiiuo e iii
o?aaoao io ian ana aieueoaa ciaiea. I?e yoii noaiiaeoueny o/aaa ana
aieaa o?oaeiui. Iai?eia?, aeaaeaiea aiaeeeneei ycueii. Eai au
ii?aaeaeaiiue /aeiaae ie ?aaioae, aeaeaoaeueii, /oi au ii aeaaeae
aiaeeeneei ycueii, oi anoue a iaoa a?aiy aeaaeaiey aiaeeeneei ycueii
aino?aaoai. E?iia oiai, a naiai iineaiee ia?iaeo Eacaonoaia I?aceaeaio
Io?noeoai Iaca?aaaa niiauee, /oi i?e i?eaia ia ainoaea?noaaiioth neoaeao
iiauo ?aaioieeia aeieaeii noaoue iaycaoaeueiui o?aaiaaieai aeaaeaiea
aiaeeeneiai ycuea, a a aoaeouai yoi o?aaiaaiea oaea noaiao
iaycaoaeueiui. Yoi aiai?eo i oii, eaeoth au i?ioanneth a aoaeouai
oeieueiee ia aua?ae, ii iaycaoaeueii aeieaeai aeaaeaoue aiaeeeneei
ycueii. *oi au oi?ioi aeaaeaoue aiaeeeneei ycueii a oeieao eeoue iaeieo
iniiaiuo eo?nia ia oaaoaao, o?aaoaony aeiiieieoaeueiua eo?nu. A oaeeo
neooaoeeyo iieueca oaeoeueoaoeaiuo eo?nia aiaeeeneiai ycuea iiiai, oae
eae oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey yaeythony naiie ianniaie oi?iie, aeinooiiie
aeey anao oeieueieeia. A naith i/a?aaeue, oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n ii
n?aaiaieth n iniiaiui eo?nii aiaeeeneiai ycuea iaeaaeaao iaeioi?uie
i?aeiouanoaaie: oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey iicaieytho o/aueiny oaaaeeoueny
a onoie/eainoe naieo eioa?ania, aeoaaea ciaoue e e?eoe/anee ioeaieaaoue
naie aiciiaeiinoe, oi anoue oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu ?anoe?ytho e
oaeoaeytho ciaiey e oiaiey, i?eia?aoaaiua oeieueieeaie i?e eco/aiee
iniiaiiai eo?na. Iiieii oiai, iie iicaieytho oi?ie?iaaoue e ?acaeaaoue o
o/aueony ?aciinoi?iiiea eioa?anu, eoeueoo?o iuoeaiey, oiaiea
naiinoiyoaeueii ainiieiyoue ciaiey, i?eiauatho oeieueieeia e
naiinoiyoaeueiie enneaaeiaaoaeueneie ?aaioa, aeatho aiciiaeiinoue
iiciaeiieoueny n iaeioi?uie nia?aiaiiuie aeinoeaeaieyie iaoee. A ?aieao
aoiaiecaoeee ia?aciaaiey, oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey niinianoaotho
?ane?uoeth aioo?aiiaai iioaioeeaea o/aueony, nicaeaieth oneiaee aeey eo
naii?aaeecaoeee e ?acaeoey. Oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu iicaieytho iaeaieaa
oniaoii i?eiaiyoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue iiaeoiae e eaaeaeiio oeieueieeo n
o/?oii aai niiniaiinoae, aieaa iieii oaeiaeaoai?youe iiciaaaoaeueiua e
aeeciaiiua eioa?anu o/aueony. I?e yoii oi?ia i?aaiecaoeee caiyoee aieaa
naiaiaeia e i?aaeiieaaaao a aieueoae noaiaie oai?/aneoth aeoeaiinoue
o/aueony. E oiio aea i?ia?aiiu oaeoeueoaoeaiuo eo?nia ia yaeythony
ae?noeeie e aeiioneatho ei??aeoeeth.

A i?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na ii eiino?aiiui ycueai neacaii:
«Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n eiino?aiiiai ycuea yaeyaony aaaeiie ninoaaiie
/anoueth nenoaiu iao/aiey yoiio i?aaeiaoo a iauaia?aciaaoaeueiie oeiea e
oanii oaycai n iniiaiui eo?nai». Eco/aiea eiino?aiiiai ycuea
oeieueieeaie a iaycaoaeueiii e oaeoeueoaoeaiii eo?nao iiaeao iaania/eoue
ei aiciiaeiinoue eo/oa onaaeaaoue ycue, /eoaoue e aiai?eoue ia iai, a
o/eoaeth – iieiaa ?aaeeciaaoue i?aeoe/aneea, ainieoaoaeueiua,
ia?aciaaoaeueiua e ?acaeaathuea oeaee a iao/aiee naiaio i?aaeiaoo.

Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n oaeaea iiaeii ?anoeaieaaoue eae iaeei ec niiniaia
i?aeoe/aneie i?ioi?eaioaoeee, oae eae ia ?acaiai?u i i?aaeiaoa
«Eiino?aiiue ycue», acaaoeaaiey «ca» e «i?ioea» iaai, a
iaiin?aaenoaaiiia «iia?oaeaiea» a i?aaeiao yaeyaony ii?aaeaeythuei.

Oi/ae i?eeiaeaiey ciaiey eiino?aiiiai ycuea a ianoiyuaa a?aiy noaiiaeony
ana aieueoa. Aaoi?u noaouee «Eiino?aiiue ycue eae o/aaiue i?aaeiao ia
nia?aiaiiii yoaia ?acaeoey iauanoaa» oeacuaatho ia ?ieue eiino?aiiiai
ycuea a nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa a noa?a iaoa?eaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
Oniaoiia ?acaeoea iaoee, oaoieee, anao iaeanoae ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa
iaaiciiaeii aac iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae. Aeey yoiai ioaeiu niaoeeaeenou,
aeaaeathuea oioy au iaeiei eiino?aiiui ycueii. Aeaaeaiea eiino?aiiui
ycueii niaoeeaeenoaie aaoi?u ?anniao?eaatho eae yeiiiie/aneoth
eaoaai?eth e aaaeiue ?aca?a onei?aiey nioeeaeueii- yeiiiie/aneiai
?acaeoey iauanoaa. Oeacuaaaony oaeaea ia ?ieue ciaiey eiino?aiiiai ycuea
a ai?ueaa ca ie? eae n?aaenoaa i?iiaaaiaeu. Iieacaoaeueia ?ieue
eiino?aiiiai ycuea a oi?ie?iaaiee ee/iinoe. Iia aeaenoaeoaeueii aaeeea.
Oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey oaaee/eaatho aiciiaeiinoe yoiai i?aaeiaoa a
?acaeoee nioeeaeueii- aeoeaiie ee/iinoe.

Iineieueeo oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n ia iaycaoaeai aeey o/aueony, ?anniio?ei,
i?e eaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoaao ii iiaeao «ninoiyoueny».

Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n aiciiaeai i?e aunieii ea/anoaa i?aiiaeaaaiey
eiino?aiiiai ycuea e aai aaoi?eoaoa a oeiea. A yoii neo/aa eaaei
niae?aaony a?oiia aeaeathueo caieiaoueny ycueii e ni noi?iiu
aaeieieno?aoeee iau/ii i?aiyonoaee ia auaaao. A a?oiio aoiaeyo o/aueany,
iiaoaeaeaaiua ?aciuie iio?aaiinoyie a oaeoaeaiee ciaiee ycuea, a
niaa?oainoaiaaiee e oiaiee ei iieueciaaoueny. N?aaee ieo iiaoo auoue:

– «aoiaieoa?ee», eioi?ua oaea/aiu ycueii, i?ioeannii iaeaaeaiey ei eae
oaeiaui; o ieo aieueoia aeaeaiea iao/eoueny iieueciaaoueny ycueii a
/oaiee e a onoiie ?a/e;

– oaoia?e». Nthaea iu ioiinei anao oao, aeey eiai ycue iineo i?eeeaaeiie
oa?aeoa?; ii aeaao ei aiciiaeiinoue ia?auaoueny e eeoa?aoo?a ia
eco/aaiii ycuea aeey ?anoe?aiey naieo ciaiee a eioa?anothueo eo
i?aaeiaoao;

– o/aueany, niae?athueany naycaoue naith aoaeouoth i?ioanneth n
eiino?aiiui ycueii;

– oeieueieee, eioi?ua ethayo ianie ia eco/aaiii ycuea, oaeaeathony
aeaeacii, ?ie- a?oiiaie.

Oaeie eiioeiaaio o/aueony n aunieie iioeaaoeeae o/aiey iiaeao iiiaiai
aeinoe/ue a eco/aiee ycuea e ii?aaeaeyao aunieea o?aaiaaiey e
niaea?aeaieth, iaoiaeeea e i?aaiecaoeee oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee. Oaeay
aoaeeoi?ey ioaeaeaaony a y?eii caeioa?aniaaiiii o/eoaea. Aio ioaeii
iinoiyiii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue naie i?ioanneiiaeueiua ciaiey «ia iaeneioia»,
/oiau nio?aieoue e ?acaeoue aunieoth iioeaaoeeth o o/aueony. A
?acoeueoaoa ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo aicieeaao aoiinoa?a acaeiiiai
aeiaa?ey e oaaaeaiey iaaeaeo o/eoaeai e o/aueieny, eioi?ay iniaui
ia?acii oiiece?oao o/aiea.

Naii niaie ?acoiaaony, /oi i?iaaaeaiea oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na
i?aaeiieaaaao iniauaiiinoue eaaeiaoa ioaeiie aiia?aoo?ie a ?aai/ai
ninoiyiee e iaee/ea aeeaeaeoeei-iaoiaee/aneiai oiiaea, iicaieythuaai
nicaeaaaoue aoiinoa?o ycuea e noeioee?iaaoue ?a/aiuneeoaeueioth
aeayoaeueiinoue ia iniiaa yoaeiiia. Caeioa?aniaaiiue a oniaoa o/eoaeue
iau/ii eiaao a naiai eaaeiaoa eioa?aniua caiene iiyoe/aneeo
i?iecaaaeaiee, nia?aiaiiuo e iiioey?iuo ianai, iaai? aeeaoeeueiia,
aeeaiiceoeaia e, eiia/ii, eieae aeey /oaiey, ?aciua ii aeai?o e
a?aaeoe?iaaiiua ii o?oaeiinoe. ?acoiaaony, nia?aiaiiia iniauaiea
eaaeiaoa, e iaee/ea iaoa?eaeia aeey aai eniieueciaaiey o?aaoao io
o/eoaey oi?ioi ?acaeouo oiaiee ia?auaoueny n ON.

Oaia eo?niaie ?aaiou auea aua?aia enoiaey ec oiai, /oi oaeoeueoaoeaiua
eo?nu eiatho ia?iiiia cia/aiea aeey onaiaiey oeieueieeaie o/aaiiai
iaoa?eaea e iaeaaeaiey aeiiieieoaeueiuie ciaieyie ii eiino?aiiiio ycueo
n eniieueciaaieai aeinooiiuo e eioa?aniuo iaoiaeia.

A ?aaioa ?anniio?aiu iniiaiua oeaee e caaea/e, aiaeeanniuo ia?ii?eyoee,
iaoiaeeea eo i?iaaaeaiey, o?aaiaaiey e iei, a oaeaea nia?aiaiiua iaoiaeu
e n?aaenoaa a i?iaaaeaiee oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee.

I?aaeiao enneaaeiaaiey – oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu ii aiaeeeneiio ycueo,
niaea?aeaiea, iaoiaeu, oi?iu, n?aaenoaa eco/aiey aeey o/aueony ieaaeoeo,
n?aaeieo e noa?oeo eeannia n?aaeiae oeieu.

Oeaeue ianoiyuaai enneaaeiaaiey – iainiiaaoue oeaeaniia?aciinoue
i?iaaaeaiey oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na ii aiaeeeneiio ycueo.

Aeey aeinoeaeaiey oeaee enneaaeiaaiey auee ii?aaeaeaiu neaaeothuea
caaea/e:

– ?anniio?aoue oaeoeueoaoea eae oi?io ?aaiou o/aueony;

– iienaoue i?eioeeiu iino?iaiey oaeoeueoaoeaiie ?aaiou a n?aaeiae oeiea;

– ?ac?aaioaoue iaoiaee/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ioiineoaeueii eco/aiey
iniiaiuo aii?inia oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na.

I. Oai?aoe/aneay /anoue:

Aeaaa 1. Iauaa iiiyoea i oaeoeueoaoeaiii eo?na

Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n- yoi iaiaycaoaeueiue o/aaiue eo?n, i?aaeiao,
eco/aaiue ii aeaeaieth nooaeaioaie aocia, o/aueieny n?aaeieo
niaoeeaeueiuo e i?ioanneiiaeueii-oaoie/aneeo o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee e
iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo oeie (noa?oea eeannu). Oa?iei “oaeoeueoaoeaiue” (io
o?aioe. facultatif e eao. facultas- aiciiaeiinoue) icia/aao aiciiaeiue,
iaiaycaoaeueiue, i?aaeinoaaeyaiue ia auai? (iai?., oaeoeueoaoeaiue
eo?n), aeaenoaothuee io neo/ay e neo/ath. Niaeanii Iaaeaaiae/aneie
yioeeeeiiaaeee, a nia?aiaiiie oeiea oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu (oaiu)
yaeythony aeiiieiaieai e iniiaiiio iau?io iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo ciaiee,
eioi?ue ii?aaeaeyaony o/aaiui ieaiii e i?ia?aiiaie, a oaeoeueoaoeaiua
caiyoey – yoi iaiaycaoaeueiua caiyoey, i?aaiecoaiua aeey oaeoaeaiey e
?anoe?aiey ciaiee ii ioaeaeueiui eo?nai, oaiai eee aii?inai a
niioaaonoaee n aeaeaieyie e eioa?anaie o/aueony.

Neiai “oaeoeueoaoeaiue” icia/aao “iaiaycaoaeueiue”. Iacaaiea
iiae/??eeaaao ioee/eoaeueioth iniaaiiinoue yoiai aeaea o/aaiie
aeayoaeueiinoe. Iia naycaia n aeia?iaieueiui auai?ii o/aieeaie aeey
oaeoaeaiiiai eco/aiey oao i?aaeiaoia, eioi?ua eo aieaa anaai
eioa?anotho. Yoi naeeaeaao oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey n aiaeeanniuie
oi?iaie iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, iai?eia?, n i?aaeiaoiuie
e?oaeeaie.

Cia/aiea neiaa “Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n” a Aieueoie Niaaoneie
Yioeeeeiiaaeee:

1. Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n, a NNN? iaiaycaoaeueiue o/aaiue eo?n, i?aaeiao,
eco/aaiue ii aeaeaieth nooaeaioaie aocia, o/aueieny n?aaeieo
niaoeeaeueiuo e i?ioanneiiaeueii-oaoie/aneeo o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee e
iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo oeie (noa?oea eeannu) a oeaeyo ?anoe?aiey e
oaeoaeaiey iao/iuo e i?eeeaaeiuo ciaiee, ?acaeoey niiniaiinoae e
oaeiaeaoai?aiey ee/iuo eioa?ania.

2. Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n i?aaiecothony ii iiaaeoei i?iaeaiai iaoee,
oaoieee e eoeueoo?u, a oaeaea ii oaiai, caeioa?aniaaaoei nooaeaioia
(o/aueony) a i?ioeanna eco/aiey oie eee eiie o/aaiie aeenoeeieeiu.

3. Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n iau/ii niaea?aeeony a aeaenoaothueo o/aaiuo
ieaiao. Niaaoai aocia (oaeoeueoaoia), iaaeaaiae/aneei niaaoai n?aaeieo
niaoeeaeueiuo e i?ioanneiiaeueii-oaoie/aneeo o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee e
iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo oeie i?aaeinoaaeaii i?aai i?aaieciauaaoue
Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n ii naiaio oniio?aieth a niioaaonoaee n eioa?anaie
nooaeaioia (o/aueony). Nouanoaotho oaeaea oaeoeueoaoeaiua i?aeoeeoiu,
naieia?u, eaai?aoi?iua caiyoey e o.i. E i?iaaaeaieth oaeoeueoaoeaiuo
caiyoee a n?aaeieo o/aaiuo caaaaeaieyo i?eaeaeathony ?aaioieee aunoae
oeieu e iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo o/?aaeaeaiee, niaoeeaeenou ia?iaeiiai
oicyenoaa e eoeueoo?u.

A. A. THaeei.

Oaeoeueoaoeaiue Eo?n- yoi iaiaycaoaeueiua caiyoey oeieueieea ii
i?aaeiaoo; Oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey i?eiinyo aieueooth iieueco ia oieueei
o/aueiny, ii naiiio o/eoaeth. Iie canoaaeytho aai iieueciaaoueny
eeoa?aoo?ie e oaeei ia?acii iaiiaeyoue e oaeoaeyoue naie iiciaiey,
einaaiii iiauoay ea/anoai eeanniie ?aaiou e auyaeyoue niiniaiuo
o/aieeia, aeaeathueo i?iaeieaeaoue ia?aciaaiea.

Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n — iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiay e yooaeoeaiay oi?ia
iao/aiey. A iniiaa i?aaiecaoeee eo?na eaaeeo i?eioeei aeia?iaieueiinoe.
A eaaeaeii eeanna eiaaony iaeioi?ia /enei o/aueony, eioa?anothueony
aiaeeeneei ycueii. Nia?aoue eo ia ia?aia caiyoea ia o?oaeii. Iau/ii aeey
yoie oeaee aeinoaoi/ii, /oiau o/eoaeue ?anneacae o/aueiny i oii, /ai iie
aoaeoo caieiaoueny, eaeoth ei yoi i?eianao iieueco, /oi iie i?e yoii
ociatho iiaiai e eioa?aniiai e oi, /oi oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu aeatho ei
aiciiaeiinoue ?anoe?youe e oaeoaeyoue iao/iuo e i?eeeaaeiuo ciaiee,
?acaeaaoue niiniaiinoae e oaeiaeaoai?eoue eo ee/iuo eioa?ania.

Oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu — yoi oi?ia oaeoaeaiiiai eco/aiey iaeiiai ec
i?aaeiaoia ii auai?o o/aueony, n?aaenoai ?acaeoey iiciaaaoaeueiuo
eioa?ania oeieueieeia, eo niiniaiinoae, a oaeaea i?ioanneiiaeueiie
i?eaioaoeee o/aueony.

A ioee/ea io aiaeeanniuo caiyoee, oaeoeueoaoeau i?iaiaeyony ii iaeanoe
i?ia?aiiu, ii ?anienaieth, a ?aieao ioaaaeaiiiai a?aiaie, n iinoiyiiui
ninoaaii o/aueony. A nia?aiaiiuo oeieao oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey aaaeoony
n 1-ai eeanna, oaiaoeea eo?nia iinoiyiii oaaee/eaaaony.

A iianaaeiaaiie aeecie /anoi aiai?yo «nia?aiaiiia ia?aciaaiea»,
«nia?aiaiiay oeiea», eiay a aeaeo ia i?inoia iaicia/aiea eo a?aiaiiie
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe, a ea/anoaaiioth oa?aeoa?enoeeo oi?ie?oaiie nenoaiu eae
oeieu, ioaa/athuae ?aaeeyi, iio?aaiinoyi e iaaeaaeaeai naaiaeiyoiaai
aeiy. Caiyoey ii auai?o, oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu, a ia oieueei aua?aiiua
nenoaiu e iiaeaee iao/aiey, oa?aeoa?ecotho nia?aiaiioth oeieo, a oii
/enea e ia/aeueioth. Aieueoeinoao ?iaeeoaeae, a eiaiii iie auae?atho
oeieo aeey iaeuoa, aaaeii, /oi, e?iia iniiaiuo i?aaeiaoia, aaaeaony a
oeiea.

Oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey eiatho i?aaiecaoeeiiii- oi?aaeai/aneea
i?aeiouanoaa ia?aae aiaeeanniuie caiyoeyie. Oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey
i?aaiecothony e ?aaeecothony, eae e aiaeeanniua caiyoey, a niioaaonoaee
n eioa?anaie e eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuie niiniaiinoyie o/aueony, ii
i?iaiaeyony, eae e o?iee, niaeanii ?anienaieth, eiatho iinoiyiiue ninoaa
o/aueony.

1.1 Nia?aiaiiua oaeoeueoaoeau

Nia?aiaiiua oaeoeueoaoeau – iniaay i?aaiecaoeeiiiay oi?ia
o/aaii-ainieoaoaeueiie ?aaiou, ioee/athuayny e io o?iea, e io
aiaeeanniie ?aaiou. A oi aea a?aiy iiae/??eeaaaony, /oi oaeoeueoaoeau
eiatho iiiai iauaai n o?ieaie e aiaeeanniuie caiyoeyie. Eae e o?iee,
oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey i?iaiaeyony ii ooaa?aeae?iiui i?ia?aiiai, ia
yoeo caiyoeyo i?eiaiytho iauea n o?ieii iaoiaeu iao/aiey e oi?iu
i?aaiecaoeee naiinoiyoaeueiie iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe o/aueony.
Noiaenoai n i?aaeiaoiuie e?oaeeaie ninoieo a oii, /oi oaeoeueoaoea, eae
e e?oaeie, iauaaeeiyao a?oiio o/aueony ia iniiaa iaueo eioa?ania,
aeia?iaieueiinoe auai?a yoie oi?iu iao/aiey. Ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo
i?eiaiythony iaeioi?ua oi?iu e iaoiaeu, oa?aeoa?iua aeey aiaeeanniuo
caiyoee. Oai ia iaiaa o/eoaeue aeieaeai iiiieoue, /oi oaeoeueoaoeau ia
caiaiytho aiaeeannioth ?aaioo ii i?aaeiaoo. ssaeyynue naiinoiyoaeueiie
/anoueth o/aaii-ainieoaoaeueiie ?aaiou a oeiea, oaeoeueoaoeau iiaoo
aeiiieiyoueny aiaeeanniuie (e?oaeeiauie) caiyoeyie, ia eioi?uo o/aueany
a au? aieueoae noaiaie oaeoaeytho e ?anoe?ytho naie ciaiey e oiaiey .
Ioia/aii, /oi oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu i?aaiecothony ii iiaaeoei i?iaeaiai
iaoee, oaoieee e eoeueoo?u. Ia?auaaony iniaia aieiaiea ia oi, /oi
oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey yaeythony iaeiie ec aeaeeo oi?i aieaa iieiiai
io?aaeaiey a oeieueiii ia?aciaaiee nia?aiaiiuo aeinoeaeaiee iaoee,
oaoieee, eoeueoo?u e o/?oa ianoiuo iniaaiiinoae eaaeaeie oeieu, iiyoiio
iie iicaieytho aiineoue nouanoaaiiua aeiiieiaiey a niaea?aeaiea
ia?aciaaiey, o?oaeiaie e iieeoaoie/aneie iiaeaioiaee o/aueony aac
eciaiaiey o/aaiiai ieaia, i?ia?aii e o/aaieeia iniiaiiai eo?na n?aaeiae
oeieu. I?e yoii n/eoaaony, /oi eco/aiea oaeoeueoaoeaiuo o/aaiuo
i?aaeiaoia a niioaaonoaee n aeaeaieyie e niiniaiinoyie oeieueieeia
iiauoaao yooaeoeaiinoue eo o/aaiuo caiyoee, yaeyaony aaaeiui n?aaenoaii
?acaeoey o ieo eioa?ana e iaoea e eneonnoao, oaeoaeyao, aeaeaao aieaa
onoie/eauie e oeaeaiai?aaeaiiuie eo eioa?anu e ii?aaeae?iiui aeaeai
i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, aioiaeo o/aueony e naiiia?aciaaieth ii
ieii/aiee oeieu.

I?eioeeiu oaeoeueoaoeaiiai iao/aiey

I?e ?ac?aaioea oaeoeueoaoeaiuo eo?nia aaoi?u noa?aeenue
i?eaea?aeeaaoueny ii?aaeae?iiuo i?eioeeiia. Ae.A.Yiooaei n/eoae, /oi
ethaie oaeoeueoaoea:

• aeieaeai iaania/eoue oaeoae?iiia eco/aiea iiiyoee, ?anniao?eaaaiuo a
iniiaiii eo?na

• aeieaeai auoue oeaeueiui, ia aeieaeai aeeth/aoue a naay aieueoiai
/enea ?ac?iciaiiuo e iaeeeo aii?inia

• iau?i ciaiee aeieaeai auoue ia?aie/ai oeieueiie i?ia?aiiie.

A ianoiyuaa a?aiy i?eioeeiu ioai?a o/aaiiai iaoa?eaea e i?aaiecaoeee
oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee ?anoe?aiu e eiie?aoece?iaaiu: aeia?iaieueiinoe,
iao/iinoe, aeinooiiinoe, eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeee, nayce oai?ee n i?aeoeeie,
iiciaaaoaeueiie aeoeaiinoe e naiinoiyoaeueiinoe, niciaoaeueiinoe
onaiaiey ciaiee, iaaeyaeiinoe, ?acaeaathuaai iao/aiey.

Oeaee, niaea?aeaiea e eeanneoeeaoeey oaeoeueoaoeaiuo eo?nia

A 1967/68, 1968/69, 1969/70 o/aaiuo aiaeao auee i?aaeeiaeaiu
oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu 2-o oeiia:

1. aeiiieieoaeueiua aeaau e aii?inu nenoaiaoe/aneeo eo?nia iniia iaoe,
eco/aaiua ia?aeeaeueii n caiyoeyie ii iniiaiiio o/aaiiio i?aaeiaoo;

2. niaoeeaeueiua eo?nu, ?acaeaathuea e aeiiieiythuea ioaeaeueiua
?acaeaeu nenoaiaoe/aneeo eo?nia iniia iaoe.

Oeaeueth eco/aiey “Aeiiieieoaeueiuo aeaa…'” auei oaeoaeaiea ciaiee
o/aueony ii aeaiiiio i?aaeiaoo, niaa?oainoaiaaiea eo i?aeoe/aneeo oiaiee
e iaaueia, ?acaeoea eioa?ania e niiniaiinoae. Oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey
oaeiai oeia i?iaiaeeeenue iaeiei ec o/eoaeae niioaaonoaothuaai i?aaeiaoa
ii iniiaiiio o/aaiiio ieaio, a aeiiieieoaeueiue iaoa?eae eco/aaony
neio?iiii n i?ioiaeaeaieai iniiaiiai iaoa?eaea. Iaeiaei yoi ia icia/aei,
/oi ia oaeeo caiyoeyo e iau/iuo o?ieao eco/aaony iaeei e oio aea
iaoa?eae: niaea?aeaiea eo ?acee/ii, ii e?oa ?anniao?eaaaiuo i?iaeai
nouanoaaiii ia ?anoe?yeny. N/eoaeinue, /oi oaeea caiyoey aoaeoo, eiatho
aieueoia cia/aiea aeey auyaeaiey e iinoaiaiiiai ?acaeoey niiniaiinoae
o/aieeia, iaia?oaeeaathueo iiauoaiiua oniaoe a eco/aiee oiai eee eiiai
i?aaeiaoa.

Aeey aieaa iiaeaioiaeaiiuo o/aueony, /uee eioa?anu e niiniaiinoe a
iniiaiii oaea ii?aaeaeeeenue, auee i?aaeoniio?aiu niaoeeaeueiua
oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu, eioi?ua aeieaeiu auee cia/eoaeueii ?anoe?eoue
e?oa iao/iuo e i?eeeaaeiuo ciaiee, iieo/aiiuo o/aueieny i?e eco/aiee
niioaaonoaothueo o/aaiuo i?aaeiaoia. Eco/aiea anao niaoeeaeueiuo
oaeoeueoaoeaiuo eo?nia iinea eco/aiey ia caiyoeyo ii iniiaiiio o/aaiiio
ieaio aii?inia, ?acaeoeai eioi?uo iie yaeythony.

N 1970 aiaea auee i?aaieciaaiu oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu neaaeothueo oeiia:

1. Nenoaiaoe/aneea eo?nu, oeaeueth eioi?uo auei oaeoaeaiea oai?aoe/aneeo
ciaiee o/aueony e i?aeoe/aneie iiaeaioiaee, iieo/aiiuo a iniiaiii eo?na,
n eioi?ui aeaiiua oaeoeueoaoeau niaeaniaaiu oaiaoe/anee e ai a?aiaie.

2. Niaoeeaeueiua eo?nu (niaoeeo?nu), oaiaoeea eioi?uo naycaia eeoue n
ia- eioi?uie ?acaeaeaie iniiaiiai eo?na.

3. I?eeeaaeiua oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu, eioi?ua naycaiu n iniiaiui eo?nii
e ciaeiiyo o/aueony n i?eiaiaieai oai?aoe/aneeo ciaiee ia i?aeoeea.

A 80-o aiaeao auea i?eiyoa neaaeothuay eeanneoeeaoeey oaeoeueoaoeaiuo
eo?nia:

1. Oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu iiauoaiiiai o?iaiy, oeaeueth eioi?uo auei
oaeoae?iiia eco/aiea niaea?aeaiey iniiaiiai eo?na.

2. Niaoeeaeueiua eo?nu (niaoeeo?nu), ia eioi?uo oaeoae?iii eco/athony
oieueei ioaeaeueiua ?acaeaeu, oaiu iniiaiiai eo?na eee iaeioi?ua ia
aoiaeyuea a i?ia?aiio ?acaeaeu iaoee.

3. I?eeeaaeiua oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu. Iie naycaiu n ?acaeoeai eioa?ania
e nia?aiaiiie oaoieea e i?iecaiaenoao.

4. Iaaei?aaeiaoiua oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu, i?e eco/aiee eioi?uo
eniieuecothony naaaeaiey ec 2-3 i?aaeiaoia.

I.A. I?ieioueaa i?aaeeaaaao neaaeothuoth eeanneoeeaoeeth oaeoeueoaoeaiuo
eo?nia:

1 .Eo?nu, oaeoaeythuea iniiaiie iaoa?eae oeieu (o.a. nenoaiaoe/aneea
eo?nu);

2.Aiai?ia?aiiiua oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu (o.a. niaoeeo?nu);

3.Oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu, i?eaioe?iaaiiua ia i?eiaiaiea ciaiee ia
i?aeoeea (o.a. i?eeeaaeiua);

4.Iaaei?aaeiaoiua oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu;

5.Iniaay a?oiia – e?oaeee, naeoeee, oai?/aneea iauaaeeiaiey a aeiiao
ieiia?ia.

Ii anai oaeoeueoaoeaiui eo?nai ooaa?aeaeaiu i?ia?aiiu, aeey o/aueony
ecaeaiu o/aaiua iiniaey, a aeey o/eoaeae ?ac?aaioaiu iaoiaee/aneea
?aeiiaiaeaoeee. Ia?auaaony aieiaiea ia oi, /oi niaea?aeaiea
oaeoeueoaoeaiuo eo?nia iai?a?uaii niaa?oainoaoaony e ooi/iyaony,
i?ia?aiiu ia?a?aaaouaathony, iiyoiio o/eoaeth, i?enooiathuaio e
i?aiiaeaaaieth oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na, iaiaoiaeeii ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny
eo iineaaeieie ecaeaieyie.

Eeanneoeeaoeey oaeoeueoaoeaiuo eo?nia:

Oeiu oaeoeueoaoeaiuo eo?nia:

1. Aeiiieieoaeueiua aeaau e aii?inu e iniiaiiio eo?no

2. Niaoeeaeueiua eo?nu (niaoeeo?nu)

3. Nenoaiaoe/aneea eo?nu

4. I?eeeaaeiua oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu

5. Oaeoeueoaoeau iiauoaiiiai o?iaiy

6. Oaeoeueoaoeaiua niaoeeo?nu

6. Eo?nu, oaeoaeythuea iniiaiie iaoa?eae oeieu (o.a. nenoaiaoe/aneea
eo?nu)

7. Aiai?ia?aiiiua oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu (o.a. niaoeeo?nu);

8. Oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu, i?eaioe?iaaiiua ia i?eiaiaiea ciaiee ia
i?aeoeea.

9. Iaaei?aaeiaoiua oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu

10. E?oaeee, naeoeee, oai?/aneea iauaaeeiaiey a aeiiao ieiia?ia

Niaaoai aocia (oaeoeueoaoia), iaaeaaiae/aneei niaaoai n?aaeieo
niaoeeaeueiuo e i?ioanneiiaeueii-oaoie/aneeo o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee e
iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo oeie i?aaeinoaaeaii i?aai i?aaieciauaaoue
oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu ii naiaio oniio?aieth a niioaaonoaee n eioa?anaie
nooaeaioia e o/aueony. Ia?a/aiue oaeoeueoaoeaiuo eo?nia a oeiea ia
eaaeaeue aiae ooaa?aeaeaaony iaaeaaiae/aneei niaaoii e iauyaeyaony
o/aueiny.

1.2 Iniaaiiinoe oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee

Eiathony nouanoaaiiua ?acee/ey a oaeoeueoaoeaiii eo?na ii eiino?aiiiio
ycueo e ae?oaei i?aaeiaoai oeieueiiai oeeeea. Iie i?inooiatho, i?aaeaea
anaai, a nayce iniiaiiai eo?na e oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na. Anee
oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n ii ae?oaei i?aaeiaoai, iai?eia? enoi?ee, aaia?aoee,
, aeieiaee, iiaeao eiaoue naith nianoaaiioth iaeanoue, niaaeioth n
iniiaiui eo?nii (iniiau ea?oia?aoee ii aaia?aoee eee iniiaa
th?eni?oaeaioeee ii enoi?ee), ii eiino?aiiiio ycueo oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n
aeieaeai ninoaaeyoue aaeeiia oeaeia n iniiaiui eo?nii, eeoue oaeoaeyy e
?anoe?yy aai. Ia?aae oaeoeueoaoeaiui eo?nii noiyo oa aea oeaee.

Ioee/ea oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na io iaycaoaeueiiai eo?na caeeth/aaony a
iaoiaeao e i?eaiao iao/aiey, aai i?aaiecaoeee. Oae eae eaeao iaaieueoie
i?e?ino eeiaaenoe/aneiai iaoa?eaea, a iniiaiii eaene/aneiai – iiaue
a?aiiaoe/aneee iaoa?eae ia aaiaeeony, oi iciaeiieaiea oaeoe/aneee
naiaeeony e ieieioio. Iniiaiia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony i?aeoeea ?a/e; i?e
yoii anee eiaoue a aeaeo o?aie?iaeo e i?eiaiaiea, oi i?ei?eoao
i?eiaaeeaaeeo i?eiaiaieth. Inoaiiaeiny ia yoeo iieiaeaieyo iiae?iaiaa.

Ciaeiinoai n iiaui ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia eaeneeo. Eaaeaeue aiae aeieaeii
inaaeaaoueny i?eia?ii 100 iiauo neia. A ioee/ea io iaycaoaeueiiai eo?na
o/aueany naiinoiyoaeueii ciaeiiyony ni neiaaie, oae eae i?aaeiieaaaaony,
/oi i?eaiu o/aaiiai o?oaea, a /anoiinoe ?aaioa iaae cia/aieai e oi?iie
neiaa, ei ecaanoiu ec iaycaoaeueiiai eo?na, ?aaii eae e oiaiea
iieueciaaoueny neiaa?ai e ni?aai/iui aiia?aoii iiniaee a oeaeii. Oioy
iiaiai a?aiiaoe/aneiai iaoa?eaea ia i?aaeoniao?eaaaony, aiciiaeii,
iaeiaei, /oi ii oiaeo ?aaiou aicieeaao o ioaeaeueiuo o/aieeia
iaiaoiaeeiinoue iiaoi?aiey eee nenoaiaoecaoeee eaeeo – oi a?aiiaoe/aneeo
yaeaiee, ii iiaeao naeaeaoue yoi naiinoiyoaeueii, eniieuecoy
a?aiiaoe/aneee ni?aai/iee. *oi eanaaony o?aie?iaee, oi iia aeieaeia
eiaoue ianoi ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo e iiaeao auoue naycaia n
niaa?oainoaiaaieai, i?ieciineoaeueiuo, eaene/aneeo e a?aiiaoe/aneeo
iaaueia, eae i?aaeei, n oeaeueth iaeo?aeeciaaoue eioa?oa?e?othuaa
aeeyiea e i?ioiae /a?ac auiieiaiea ?aciuo oi?aaeiaiee a ?a/e. A oeaio?a
aieiaiey ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo i?eiaiaiea noi?ie?iaaiiuo iaaueia a
onoiie ?a/e e /oaiee.

?anniio?ei iniaaiiinoe iao/aiey aiai?aieth. I?ia?aiia oeacuaaao ia
oneeaiea i?iaeaiii – aeeneonneiiiie i?eaioe?iaaiiinoe anaai i?ioeanna
iao/aiey, e a /anoiinoe aiai?aiey, /oi iicaieyao iiauneoue
?a/aiuneeoaeueioth aeoeaiinoue o/aueony, iioeae?iaaiiinoue e
naiinoiyoaeueiinoue eo auneacuaaiee, oneeeoue ?acaeaathuee oa?aeoa?
iao/aiey. A i?ia?aiia aianoi iau/iiai ia?a/aiy oai aeaaony i?eia?iue
i?eia?iue ia?a/aiue i?iaeai aeey ianoaeaeaiey, eioi?ua iiaoaeaeatho
o/aueony e auneacuaaieth naiaai iiaiey. Iai?eia?: «Auai? i?ioannee a
oeiea eee iioii», «Neo/ii: eiio? eiaaea? ii/aio?», «Ie? ia caiea – /oi y
iiao aeey yoiai naeaeaoue?». O/anoea a ianoaeaeaiee yoeo i?iaeai aeaao
eaaeaeiio aiciiaeiinoue i?iyaeoue naay. Naie i?iaeaiu ia iiaoo ia
aucaaoue eioa?ana o o/aueony, iineieueeo iie ii?aaeaeaiu enoiaey ec eo
aic?anoiuo iniaaiiinoae. Aio oa?aeoa?iua i?iaeaiu aeey aeanyoeeeannieea:
«Eai auoue, eaeei auoue?», «Auaatho ee «eeoaiea» ciaiey?, «Auoue
nia?aiaiiui, /oi yoi cia/eo?».

Anoanoaaiii, /oiau aeeneonney ninoiyeinue, o/aueony ioaeii iaania/eoue
ycueiaui iaoa?eaeii. Yoi i?aaeiieaaaao ?aoeeiiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea
aeaoo oi?i ?a/e: iiaeaioiaeaiiie, iaania/eaaaiie iii?aie, e
iaiiaeaioiaeaiiie, o. a. naiaiaeiie. Iiaeaioiaeaiiay ?a/ue, eae
ecaanoii, oa?aeoa?acoaony oai, /oi o/aueany, o. a. aiciiaeiinoue
iiaeaioiaeoue auneacuaaiea ii a?aiaie e iaoa?eaeo. Iai?eia?:

A. Do you think he was active at the mathematics lesson while doing his
Russian exercises?

Iii?u auiieiaiey: he was half – active; he thought about another
subject; he was not learning mathematics; he was learning neither
mathematics, nor Russian.

B. How can you be active at a lesson?

Iii?u auiieiaiey: take one’s place in the classroom in time; be ready
for the lesson when the teacher’s explanations; do all exercises; give
guick and correct answers.

Iii?u, i?eaaaeaiiua auoa, iinyo iauaeoeaiue oa?aeoa?, o. a iie aeaiu
iao/athuae noi?iiie aac o/aoa eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo iio?aaiinoae e
aiciiaeiinoae o/aueony. Ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo neaaeoao a aieueoae
ia?a i?aeoeeiaaoue eniieueciaaiea noauaeoeaiuo iii?, eioi?ua o/aueany a
ioaao ia noeioe iiaeae?atho naie ii iaiyoe eee ec aeinooiiuo ei
enoi/ieeia. Yoi aieueoa niioaaonoaoao nooe ?a/e i?aaeiieaaathuae
au?aaeaiey, /oi i?eaeaao auneacuaaieth o/aieea eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue
oa?aeoa?. Iiieii oiai ioai? e ia?aai? iii? iiiiaaao caiiieiaieth
iaoa?eaea.

Iiaeaioiaeaiiay ?a/ue iaania/eaaao iaiiaeaioiaeaiioth, o. a. ?a/ue ia
iniiaa iiaiai noeioea aac anyeeo iii?. Aeey yoiai nicaeathony neooaoeee,
aeeceea e oai, eioi?ua eniieueciaaeenue i?e iiaeaioiaeaiiie ?a/e, /oi
aeaao eiioeuen naiaiaeiiio auneacuaaieth. I?iaeaio iiaeii noaaeoue i?e
iiiiue aeeaoeeueia, o/aaiiai oeeueia, oaenoa, caeai/eaathuaainy eaeei –
eeai aii?inii niaea?aeaoaeueii – niuneiaiai ieaia. A yoeo aeeaoeeueiao,
aoaeei – e ia/aoiuo oaenoao aeieaeai i?enoonoaiaaoue aeeaie eiie?aoiue
iaoa?eae, aiaeee?othuee ia oieueei e eioaeeaeoo, ii e e yiioeeyi
o/aueony, /oi anoanoaaiiui ia?acii aiaeaeaao eo a aeeneonneth.

*oi eanaaony naiie iaoiaeeee ?aaiou, oi ia iau/ioth iaoiaeeeo, i?eiyooth
a iaycaoaeueiii eo?na, a oaeoeueoaoeaiii ianeaeaathony iaeioi?ua i?eaiu,
oi?ioi ca?aeiiaiaeiaaaoea naay a eioaineaiuo iaoiaeao. Iai?eia?,
i?aaeuyaeaiea iiaeao auoue i?aaieciaaiii oae. Aeaiiino?e?oaony y?eee
ia?acaoe ?a/e n niioaaonoaothuei iinoaiiai/iui yooaeoii (oaeoe/anee
iaeaiueeay iueanea). O/aueany aini?eieiatho aai ia neoo. Caoai naie, ia
i?aaao iaeiiai ec ia?niiaaeae, aeoeaii aeeth/athony a yoo iueaneo. Oaeie
i?eai iaania/eaaao ii?aaeaeaiiue o?iaaiue onaiaiey ycueiaiai iaoa?eaea
oaea ia noaaeee i?aaeuyaeaiey. Ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue e oaeie e oaeie i?eai ec eioaineaiuo iaoiaeia, eae
«?acaea/a eaaaiae», /oiau o eaaeaeiai o/auaainy auei «aoi?ia y».
Iai?eia?, o/aiee iieo/aao eaaaiaeo oaeaeathuaai aai eeoa?aoo?iiai
ia?niiaaea (aa?ii Ithioaaocai, Oii Niea? e. o.i.). Any aeaeueiaeoay aai
?a/aiuneeoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue niaa?oaaony a yoii ia?aca. Yoi
?anoe?yao aiciiaeiinoe iiaeeeciaaoue oaioaceth o/aieea, aai auaeoieo e
oai?/aneea aiciiaeiinoe.

Ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo aeieaeiu eniieueciaaoueny ?ieaaua ea?u n
?acaeaathueieny nthaeaoaie, /oi i?aaeinoaaeyao o/aueiny aieueoea
aiciiaeiinoe aeey i?aia?aciaaiey iaoa?eaea a niioaaonoaee n aiiaue
aicieeathuei eiiioieeaoeaiui iaia?aieai.

Oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey iicaieytho ?acaeaaoue o o/aueony aoaee?iaaiea,
aeaaiaea?y:

– iauaieth o/eoaey n o/aueieny ia eiino?aiiii ycuea e iauaieth o/aueony
iaaeaeo niaie ia caiyoeyo;

– neooaieth ii ?aaeei iineaaeieo ecaanoee;

– i?iniio?o aeaeaicaienae ?aciiai oa?aeoa?a.

Ianeieueei neia ia oeacaiiuo aiciiaeiinoyo. Iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe aiai?eoue
i oii, /oi ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo iauaiea o/eoaey n o/aueieny
aeieaeii auoue oieueei ia aiaeeeneii (iaiaoeeii, o?aioeocneii,
eniaineii) ycuea. *oi eanaaony iauaiey o/aueony iaaeaeo niaie, oi iii
i?iyaeyaony ai a?aiy aeeneonnee, aaea aoaee?iaaiea e aiai?aiea
aunooiatho ia ?aaiuo. I?e aoaee?iaaiee iineaaeieo ecaanoee enoi/ieeii
eioi?iaoeee iiaeao aunooiaoue aoaeeioaeno, iiaeaaaaiue /a?ac oeieueiue
?aaeeiocae (iaeaieaa aeaaii?eyoiue aa?eaio aeey niaa?oainoaiaaiey
aoaee?iaaiey); o/eoaeue aeaeaao niiauaiea i iineaaeieo ecaanoeyo. Iaeei
ec o/aieeia, iieo/ea niaoeeaeueiia caaeaiea, aiai?eo oaeia niiauaiea
aeey ia?aaea/e ii oeieueiiio ?aaeei. Iaeiiaoe, enoi/ieeii eioi?iaoeee
iiaoo auoue oiiicaiene, aeaeaicaiene i eoeueoo?iie, nioeeaeueiie,
iauanoaaiii – iieeoe/aneie aeecie n oeeiiii a oaiaoeeo, naycaiioth ni
no?aiie (no?aiaie) eco/aaiiai ycuea. Aiciiaeii e aeaeaoaeueii
eniieueciaaiea ianai, oooi/iuo ?anneacia. Oaeei ia?acii, ana aeaeu
aoaee?iaaiey, eae e a iaycaoaeueiii eo?na, aunooiatho a ea/anoaa
enoi/ieea eioi?iaoeee; iii yaeyaony ia?acoeii aeey auneacuaaiey (ii
i?aaiecaoeee iaoa?eaea e aai eniieueciaaieth a aeoa iauaiey);
noeioee?oao aanaaeo, aeeneonneth e eiiaaea neoaeeo eae au i?ieiaii e
iae. Iai?eia?, o/eoaeue ?anneacuaaao i naiai ioiioaiee e nia?aiaiiie
iocuea, eniieuecoy eiie?aoiua oaeou, eanathueany aai ethaeiiai
eiiiiceoi?a, ainaiaey e. o. i. ?anneac ia?aoiaeeo a aanaaeo ia ioiioaiee
o/aueony – neooaoaeae e nia?aiaiiie iocuea. E?iia oiai, aoaeioaeno
iiaeao auoue oi?ioei i?aaeeneiaeai e /oaieth, anee iii eniieuecoaony
aeey nicaeaiey aieueoiai eiioaenoa e niaea?aeeo naaaeaiey ia aaoi?a, aai
i?iecaaaeaiee.

Caiyoey a oaeoeueoaoeaa iaania/eaatho o/aueiny aiciiaeiinoue aieueoa
/eoaoue ia eco/aaiii ycuea. A i?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na oeacaiu
aeaa aeaea /oaiey: n ioaaoii iniiaiiai niaea?aeaiey oaenoa e n
ecaea/aieai iieiie eioi?iaoeee. Iaiaeiaaaeioth ?ieue ea?aao oae
iacuaaaiia i?iniio?iaia /oaiea, iaiaoiaeeiinoue a eioi?ii aicieeaao, n
iaeiie noi?iiu, a nayce n oaea/aieai iauaia /eoaaiiai, n ae?oaie noi?iiu
– n oa?aeoa?ii /oaiea. Ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo ioe?uaaaony
aiciiaeiinoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai /oaiey ii eioa?anai. Iiieii iauaai
iaoa?eaea aeey /oaiey, o/eoaeue iiiiaaao o/aueiny iaeoe eeoa?aoo?o ii
aai aeono e neeiiiinoyi. Aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo
iio?aaiinoae o/aueony a /oaiee eniieuecothony eieae, auioneaaiua,
iai?eia?, ecaeaoaeuenoaii «I?inaauaiea». Anyeee oaeno, a oii /enea e ii
eiie?aoiiio aii?ino, i?aaenoaaeythuee iniaue eioa?an aeey o/auaainy,
niaea?aeeo ?acioth eioi?iaoeeth. O/auaiony ioaeii oiaoue iieueciaaoueny
i?eaiaie i?iniio?iaiai /oaiey – oiaoue i?iaaaeaoue oaeno aeacaie, /oiau
iaeoe a iai ianoi, eioa?anothuaa aai, ec eioi?iai ii ecaea/ao iieioth
eioi?iaoeeth. Naiia aeaaiia a ?aaioa ii /oaieth – aucaaoue iio?aaiinoue
a /oaiee ia eiino?aiiii ycuea e oaaaeeoue o/auaainy a oii, /oi /ai
aieueoa iie /eoatho, oai eaa/a inouanoaeyaony yoio aeae aeayoaeueiinoe,
i?aa?auaynue a /oaiea aeey oaeiaieuenoaey. Iaaei eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi
iaoa?eae /oaiey iiaeao neoaeeoue enoi/ieeii ianoaeaeaiey cao?aaeaaaiuo a
iai i?iaeai. Anoanoaaiii iiyoiio, /oi naii /oaiea a iniiaiii
inouanoaeyaony o/aieeii aeiia. Yoi aaeeinoaaiiue aeae aeiiaoiaai
caaeaiey, aeiioneaaiue oaeoeueoaoeaii.

Aeaaa 2. Oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey, eae aeae aiaeeanniie ?aaiou

Ii naiae i?e?iaea oaeoeueoaoeaiia caiyoea ii eiino?aiiiio ycueo, n
iaeiie noi?iiu, aace?oaony ia ii?iaoeaiie i?ia?aiia, a n ae?oaie
noi?iiu, i?aaenoaaeyao niaie caaii a oeaii/ea caiyoee, i?aneaaeothuae
ioee/athueany io ii?iaoeaiie i?ia?aiiu oeaee. Iiyoiio i?ia?aiia
oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na aeieaeia no?ieoueny oae, /oiau oeieueieee,
iinauathuea aai, ia eniuouaaee neoee ia iau/iuo o?ieao, ii e
oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey ia aeieaeiu aini?eieiaoueny eie eae iaeia
«iiaoi?aiea» («cae?aieaiea») oiai, /oi eco/aeinue a eeanna.

Niioaaonoaaiii, a iniiao oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na ii eiino?aiiiio ycueo a
ianiaoeeaeece?iaaiiie oeiea aeaeaoaeueii iieiaeeoue i?eioeei, a eiaiii
?acaeoea iaeneiaeueiiai eiee/anoaa ?a/aauo oiaiee ia ieieioi n
eaene/aneiai e a?aiiaoe/aneiai iaoa?eaea. A iiaeiaiie neooaoeee
oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n aeieaeai auoue i?eaioe?iaai ia noieueei ia
?anoe?aiea neiaa?iiai e no?oeoo?iiai caiana, neieueei ia iaeaaeaiea
niiniaaie ?a/aaiai iiaaaeaiey a ?aciiia?aciuo aeeciaiiuo neooaoeeyo e
i?e ?aoaiee ?aciiia?aciuo i?iaeai. I?e niaethaeaiee auoaoiiiyiooiai
i?eioeeia oeieueieee ia iinauathuea oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee, ia
/oanoaotho naay aaciaaeaaeii ionoaaoeie io oao, eoi eo iinauaao, ii caoi
iineaaeiea iiaoo neoaeeoue i?eia?ii aeey ia?auo, eai niiniaiu iieacaoue.
ianeieueei iieiaa, ?aciiia?aciaa e eiae/iaa iiaoo auoue auneacuaaiey a
i?aaeaeao, i?aeoe/anee ia i?aauoathueo i?ia?aiiiue iaoa?eae.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ?aaioa iaae eaene/aneeie e a?aiiaoe/aneeie iaaueaie ia
oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo aeieaeia i?eaioe?iaaoueny ia ?acaeoea aeaeinoe
iaauea e aai aioiaiinoe e aeeth/aieth .

Iaiaoiaeeii, iaeiaei, ioiaoeoue, /oi oaeie iiaeoiae ia iiaeao
?anniao?eaaoueny eae oieaa?naeueiue i?e iino?iaiee oaeoeueoaoeaiuo
caiyoee ethaiai oeia. Caeanue ?anniao?eaaaony oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n. ia
noaayuee oceii?ioanneiiaeueiuo oeaeae e i?eaiaeiue ?aaii aeey ai?iaeneie
e naeueneie oeieu, a eiaiii – ?acaeaathuee eiae/iinoue e yooaeoeaiinoue
iauaiey a auoiaie noa?a. Auoiaoth noa?o iu ia ia?aie/eaaai /enoi
oo?enoe/aneeie eiiioieeaoeaiuie neooaoeeyie oeia «Eae caeacaoue a
?anoi?aia iaaae» eee «Eae ociaoue aei?iao a ainoeieoeo». Eiaaony a aeaeo
oe?ieay aaiia /aeiaa/aneeo acaeiiioiioaiee i?eau/iuo caiyoee, oaea/aiee,
aini?eyoey ?acee/iuo noi?ii aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Iiyoiio eiiioieeaoeaiua
neooaoeee i?aaeoniao?eaatho oaeea oi?iu au?aaeaiey iuneae, eae ?anni?in,
iauyniaiea, eiiiaioe?iaaiea, iieaieea.

I?e iiaeai?a iaoa?eaea iieiaeeoaeueioth ?ieue ea?aao oaiaoe/aneee
i?eioeei, iineieueeo ii niinianoaoao nenoaiaoecaoeee eaeneee. Ii yoio
i?eioeei iu iiieiaai oe?iei: eae iniiao aeey onoaiiaeaiey
iaaeoaiaoe/aneeo naycae, /oiau neiaa ia «aia?caee a eiioaeno». Iai?eia?,
oaia «I?iaaaeaiea eaieeoe» naycaia n oaiaie «Oo?eci», «Caiyoey nii?oii»,
«Iniio? aeinoii?eia/aoaeueiinoae» e o.i. Eiuie neiaaie, iao iiaeoiae
ii?aaeaeyaony ia noieueei oaiaoeeie, neieueei i?iaeaiaoeeie. Eiiaaea
niaoeeoeea oi?ie?oaiiai oiaiey canoaaeyao e aiana ioeacaoueny io
oaiaoe/aneie iauaaeeiaiiinoe. Iai?eia?, oiaiea aeaaaoue aeaoeieoeee
auoiaui iiiyoeyi, iai?ioea, i?aaeiieaaaao i?eiiieiaiea eaeneee ec naiuo
?acee/iuo iaeanoae aeayoaeueiinoe e ciaiee: io eooiiiie ooaa?e aei
yecioe/aneeo aeeaioiuo. E?iia oiai, iiaoo iiyaeyoueny i?iaeaiu, eioi?ua
o?oaeii i?e/eneeoue e eaeie-eeai o?aaeeoeeiiii auaeaeyaiie oeieueiie
oaia: iai?eia?, eaeeo ethaeae au oaaaeaaoa; eaeea iaaeinoaoee au eaaei
i?iuaaoa, a eaeea iao; eaeiai ioiioaiey e naaa au aeaeaoa ni noi?iiu
ie?oaeathueo; eae eo/oa iauaoueny n ae?ocueyie – a ienueiao eee ii
oaeaoiio e o.i.

Ethaia caiyoea a ?aieao oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee aeaiiiai oeia aeieaeii
auoue iai?aaeaii ia oi?ie?iaaiea oiaiee onoiiai iauaiey. Niioaaonoaaiii,
caiyoey iiaoo eeanneoeoee?iaaoueny a caaeneiinoe io oeaee i?eia?ii
neaaeothuei ia?acii:

– «iiiioeaeaaua» caiyoey, iinayuaiiua ?acaeoeth oiaiee iiiieiae/aneiai
auneacuaaiey eee aeeaeiae/aneiai iauaiey;

– «iieeoeaeaaua» caiyoey, niaiauathuea ?acaeoea oiaiee iiiieiae/aneiai
auneacuaaiey eee aeeaeiae/aneiai iauaiey eeai n ?acaeoeai oiaiee /oaiey
(aoaee?iaaiey), eeai n niaa?oainoaiaaieai eaene/aneeo eee a?aiiaoe/aneeo
iaaueia ioi?ieaiey auneacuaaiey.

Oaeei ia?acii, iai?aaeaiiinoue ia niaa?oainoaiaaiea iaaueia icia/aao,
/oi caiyoey iiaoo no?ieoueny ia iaoa?eaea n i?aiaeaaeaieai eeai
eaene/aneiai, eeai a?aiiaoe/aneiai aniaeoa. I?e yoii a?aiiaoe/aneea
yaeaiey iaiauathony oae, /oiau iaania/eoue ia caiyoee ii?aaeaeaiioth
niaieoiiinoue ?aciiia?aciuo eiiioieeaoeaiuo iaia?aiee. Anee
iaeiia?aiaiii io?aaaouaaaony ianeieueei eiino?oeoeee, oi iiaeae?athony
oaeea eiiioieeaoeaiua iaia?aiey, aaea ana yoe a?aiiaoe/aneea yaeaiey
iaeeiaeiai auee au iaiaoiaeeiu aeey aeinoeaeaiey ?a/aaie oeaee, a anee
eaeao ?aaioa iaae iaeiei neiaeiui a?aiiaoe/aneei yaeaieai, oi a ?a/aauo
caaeaieyo neaaeoao iieacaoue aa?eaoeaiinoue aai i?eiaiaiey aeey
?aaeecaoeee ianeieueeeo eiiioieeaoeaiuo iaia?aiee .

Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu, ia eioi?uo aace?oaony iino?iaiea oaeoeueoaoeaiuo
caiyoee, eae ia oeieueiii o?iea, oae e ia caiyoee a aoca: iniciaiea
oeaee e niiniaia aa aeinoeaeaiey e ?acoeueoaoia, acaeiinaycue aeaeia
?a/aaie aeayoaeueiinoe, iaeneiaeueiay eiiioieeaoeaiinoue o?aie?iaee e
ieaaiue ia?aoiae e ?a/aaie i?aeoeea, i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea ioeaie ca n/ao
i?aaeeueiie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe caaeaiee e o.ae.

A ioiioaiee yoaiia caiyoey neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi, iineieueeo iu ia
aaiaeei aiai?ia?aiiiuo a?aiiaoe/aneeo yaeaiee eee i?eioeeieaeueii iiauo
eaene/aneeo oai, yoai iciaeiieaiey n ycueiaui iaoa?eaeii, eae i?aaeei,
ia auaaao iiae?iaiui, ?acaa?iooui e ia caieiaao cia/eoaeueiie /anoe
caiyoey. E ana aea eiiaaea yoio yoai iiaeao caieiaoue aaaeiia ianoi a
no?oeoo?a caiyoey. A eaeie-oi ia?a iaiaoiaeeiinoue iciaeiieaiey aucaaia
iaaeinoaoeaie aeaenoaiaaaoaai ia i?ioyaeaiee iiiaeo eao o/aaieea ii
aiaeeeneiio ycueo aeey ianiaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo oeie. Iaeiaei i?e ethaii
iniiaiii o/aaieea iaiaoiaeeii iaiauaoue eco/aiiue iaoa?eae ia eiii
ea/anoaaiiii o?iaia, n oi/ee c?aiey eae aiai?yuaai, oae e
aini?eieiathuaai eioi?iaoeeth (iai?eia?, iaiauaiea niiniaia iiaoaeaeaiey
e aeaenoaeth, au?aaeaiey aeieaeainoaiaaiey, niiauaiey i niaa?oeaoainy
aeaenoaee, niiniaia ?anoeo?iaee iiiieie/aneeo a?aiiaoe/aneeo
eiino?oeoeee). Oaeea iaiauaiey ia aeieaeiu ia?aa?oaeaoue oaeoeueoaoeaiue
eo?n. *oi aea eanaaony ?a/aauo oiaiee, oi iciaeiieaiea n ieie eae ?ac
/aua auaaao ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo, iaaeaee ia iau/iii o?iea,
i?eaioe?iaaiiii a aieueoae noaiaie ia ia?aiin ioiineoaeueii i?inouo
?a/aauo aeaenoaee ec ?iaeiiai ycuea, /ai ia ?acaeoea neiaeiuo
eioaeeaeooaeueiuo oiaiee, oaeeo, eae aeaoeieoeey, ii?aaeaeaiea
eiae/iinoe eee iauaeoeaiinoe auneacuaaiey e o.ae.

Eoae, a nayce n aeinoaoi/ii ne?iiiui ianoii yoaia iciaeiieaiey a
no?oeoo?a oaeoeueoaoeaiiai caiyoey iiyaeyaony aiciiaeiinoue oaeaeyoue
aieueoa aieiaiey eiiioieeaoeaiui caaea/ai, /ai ia iau/iii o?iea. Anee ia
o?iea, aaea aaiaeeony e iiae?iaii iauyniyaony iiaue neiaeiue iaoa?eae,
iiaeii eiiaaea ia?aie/eoueny oneiaii-eiiioieeaoeaiuie caaeaieyie ii
aeanoei caaeaiiie noaia, oi eaaeaeia oaeoeueoaoeaiia caiyoea aeeth/aao
oeaeue ?yae iiaeeeiii ?a/aauo caaeaiee.

I?e yoii i?aaeii/oaiea ioaeaaony caaeaieyi ia noieueei a ?ieaaie ea?a,
neieueei a au?aaeaiee nianoaaiiuo iiaiee. Aeaei a oii, /oi o?aie?iai/iua
?ieaaua ea?u iaaeinoaoi/ii noeioee?otho aioo?aiithth iioeaaoeeth, a
nianoaaiii ?a/aaay, oai?/aneay ?ieaaay ea?a o?aaoao ia?iiiie
iiaeaioiaee, ia eioi?oth iao a?aiaie i?e iaeiii-aeaoo /anao
oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee a iaaeaeth. Caoi au?aaeaieth naiaai iiaiey
iiaeii o/eoue ia eaaeaeii caiyoee, i?e/ai ia oieueei ia yoaia ?a/aaie
i?aeoeee, ii e ia yoaia o?aie?iaee.

Iaeia ec iniiaiuo caaea/ oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee – ?acaeoea ee/iinoe
o/aueony. A i?ioeanna eco/aiey eiino?aiiiai ycuea niaa?oainoaoaony
no?oeoo?a eioaeeaeoa: ?acee/iua aeaeu iaiyoe e iuoeaiey/?aciiia?aciua
eioaeeaeooaeueiua iia?aoeee, e a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, oaeea, eae
niiinoaaeaiea, iaiauaiea, eeanneoeeaoeey. i?eiyoea niuneiaiai ?aoaiey.
Ionthaea e auoaeaao caaea/a oi?ie?iaaiey i?eioeeieaeueii iiauo oiaiee, a
ia oieueei ia?aiin oiaiee, eiathueony ia ?iaeiii ycuea, o.a.
i?aeoe/aneay oeaeue ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo iaioaeaeeia io
?acaeaathuae oeaee.

Iineieueeo oeieueieee, eae i?aaeei, iinauatho oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey ia
/aua iaeiiai-aeaoo ?ac a iaaeaeth (a eo/oai neo/aa yoi naeaiaiiia
caiyoea) e ca/anooth ia eiatho aeiiaoieo caaeaiee, oi i/aiue aaaeii
i?eiaiaiea naiuo ?aciiia?aciuo iii?, eioi?ua iaeiia?aiaiii eneeth/aee au
aiciiaeiinoue ycueiauo ioeaie, iiaeneacuaaee au ycueiaie iaoa?eae e
aeaaaee au iaeneioi aiciiaeiinoae aeey naiiau?aaeaiey, aeey i?iyaeaiey
naay eae ee/iinoe.

O?oaeiinoe i?aaiecaoeee naiinoiyoaeueiie ?aaiou iaae eiino?aiiui ycueii
aeiia naycaiu n ionoonoaeai niaoeeaeueiiai o/aaiiai iiniaey. Iiyoiio
i/aiue aaaeii, /oiau o o/aueony inoaaaeny oae iacuaaaiue «eiiniaeo»
caiyoey, a eioi?ii noi?ioee?iaaia oeaeue caiyoey, iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue
eino?oeoeee e oeacai ycueiaie iaoa?eae, n eioi?ui iaaeeaaeeo ?aaioaoue,
a oaeaea aeaiu ia?acoeu auiieiaiey iiauo aeaeia caaeaiee. Yoi iiiiaaao
ei aua ?ac ainnicaeaoue, ooi/ieoue, aeiiieieoue, eciaieoue naia
auneacuaaiea. E?iia oiai, ?acaea/a eiiniaeoia iiiiaaao oi?i/eoue e
iaaeoaiaoe/aneea nayce, o.a. ia iineaaeothueo caiyoeyo ii ia?a
iaaeiaiinoe aica?auaoue o/aueony e ycueiaui aaeeieoeai e aeeciaiiui
i?iaeaiai, eioi?ua i?aaeeaaaeenue ia i?aaeuaeoueo caiyoeyo.

O/eouaay ?acee/ey a ycueiaie iiaeaioiaea, ineoieiae/aneeo iniaaiiinoyo e
eioa?anao o/aueony aioo?e eaaeaeie a?oiiu, aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey
aioo?aiiae iioeaaoeee ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo aua aieueoaa cia/aiea
ii n?aaiaieth n o?ieaie i?eia?aoaao eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeey caaeaiee. A
eiiniaeoa yoi iiaeao au?aaeaoueny a ?aciii o?iaia i?iaeaiiinoe. Aa?iaa,
caaeaiey iiaoo i?aaeiieaaaoue ?acioth noaiaiue naiinoiyoaeueiinoe a
ycueiaii ioi?ieaiee auneacuaaiey i?e iaee/ee i?iaeaiu a eaaeaeii
aa?eaioa caaeaiey.

Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n, iaeaaeay ioiineoaeueiie aaoiiiiiinoueth,
ninoaaeyao n ii?iaoeaiui eo?nii aaeeiia oeaeia. Ii i?iaiaeeony
ia?aeeaeueii n iniiaiui eo?nii, e iiyoiio i?aiiaeaaaoaeth iao iniaie
ioaeaeu i/a?/eaaoue i?iiaaeooi/iua oeaee, oioy o/ao aeiiieieoaeueii
?acaeaaaiuo oiaiee aeieaeai aanoenue, oae eae iiyaeyaony aiciiaeiinoue a
aieueoae noaiaie caaeaenoaiaaoue acaeiinaycue ?aciuo aeaeia ?a/aaie
aeayoaeueiinoe.

2.1 I?aaiecaoeey oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee

Oi?ie?iaaiea a?oii oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na aeaeaoaeueii i?iaanoe aaniie
ii ?acoeueoaoai o/aaiiai aiaea, n oai, /oiau a i?aaenoiyuai aiaeo n
naiiai ia/aea iiaeii auei i?enooieoue e caiyoeyi. A a?oiia aeieaeii
auoue ia iaiaa aeanyoe /aeiaae ec iaeiiai eeanna eee ia?aeeaeueiuo
eeannia. Oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey aeieaeiu aeeth/aony a ?anienaiea, e
i?iaiaeeoueny aei eee iinea o?ieia. Anee oneiaey iicaieytho, oi
aiciiaeai ia?a?ua aeey iaaaea e ioaeuoa oeieueieeia iinea o?ieia ia?aae
i?iaaaeaieai oaeoeueoaoeaiiai caiyoey.

Oaeoeueoaoea i?iaiaeeony n 6-ai eeanna ii 11-e aeeth/eoaeueii ii iaeiiio
/ano a iaaeaeth. O/aueany iiaoo, iaeiaei, aeeth/aoueny a a?oiio,
caieiathuothny eiino?aiiui ycueii, a ethaii eeanna, o. a. e a 8-i, e a
9-i, e a 11-i.

Caiyoey a oaeoeueoaoeaiii eo?na ioee/athony ii no?oeoo?a e i?aaiecaoeee.
Yoe ioee/ey ninoiyo a neaaeothuai: ai – ia?auo, a aieaa «naiaiaeiii»
iino?iaiee e, ai – aoi?uo, a aieueoae ?a/aaie iai?aaeaiiinoe, iineieueeo
niaoeeaeueiay ?aaioa iaae ycueiaui iaoa?eaeii ieieiaeueia e,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, iiaeii nin?aaeioi/eony ia onoiie ?a/e e /oaiee. Aio
i?eia?iia ?ani?aaeaeaiea a?aiaie ia ?acaeaaaiua aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe:
aoaee?iaaiea 10 iei, aiai?aiea 20 iei, /oaiea 15 iei. Iiaoo auoue
caiyoey, iinayuaiiua eeai onoiie ?a/e, eeai /oaieth. Oiaaea iniaoth
?ieue i?eia?aoaao ?aaoey?iinoue /a?aaeiaaiey.

Iniaaiiinoueth i?aaiecaoeee yaeyaony oaeaea ionoonoaea ioeaiie,
au?aaeaaiuo a aaeeao. Iiiu?aieai oniaoa o/auaainy, caieiathuaainy a
oaeoeueoaoeaa, iiaeao auoue iocua o/eoaey, iiioey?ecaoeey oniaoia a
noaiaacaoa, ii ?aaeei, i?eaea/aiea aai a ea/anoaa iiiiuieea o/eoaeth e
caiyoeyi n ionoathueie a iaycaoaeueiii eo?na e i?e i?iaaaeaiee o?iea.
Oi?iie eiio?iey ?aaiou a?oiiu iiaoo auoue ?aaoey?ii i?iaiaeeiua io/aou a
aeaea aa/a?ia, ieeiieaae, eiieo?nia. Caeanue oaeoeueoaoea niueaaony n
aiaeeanniie ?aaioie ii ycueo, yaeyynue iaeiei ec aa eaiaeia.

Neaaeoao neacaoue, /oi aeooo oaeoeueoaoeaa, iiieii ioeaca io ioeaiee a
aeaea aaeea, niioaaonoaoao oiaiueoaiea aeiiaoiaai caaeaiey,
aeaiie?aoe/aneee, a ia aaoi?eoa?iue noeeue ?aaiou o/eoaey. Aaaeue
o/aueany naie «eaeoo iaano?a/o» o/aieth, eioi?ia o/eoaeue aeey ieo
i?aaiecoao, iiyoiio aeiiaoiea caaeaiey neaaeoao ia i?aaeienuaaoue, a
niaaoiaaoue, i?aaeeaaaoue oae, /oiau o/aueeny nai iuooee a ieo
iaiaoiaeeiinoue, e ia ii?eoeaoue ca iaauiieiaiea caaeaiey, ioianoenue e
o/auaiony n iiieiaieai. Au?acea iaaeaaeaeo, /oi ii aai auiieieo.

A caeeth/aiea iiae/a?eiai iuneue i oii, /oi i?e iaee/ee anao iauaeoeaiuo
aeaiiuo aeey i?aaiecaoeee e i?iaaaeaiey oaeoeueoaoeaa aieueoia cia/aiea
eiaao i?iiaaaiaea yoiai eo?na. Aeaaiay ?ieue a i?iiaaaiaea i?eiaaeeaaeeo
oi?ioi iaeaaeaiiiio iao/aieth eiino?aiiiio ycueo a ?aieao iaycaoaeueiiai
eo?na. Eiaiii iaycaoaeueiue eo?n, aai ?acoeueoaoeaiinoue aeey o/aueony
nicaeaao i?anoeae i?aaeiaoo, /oi, a naith i/a?aaeue, aucuaaao o
o/aueony, aeaeaiea oaeoaeoue e ?anoe?eoue naie ciaiey yoiai i?aaeiaoa.
E?iia oiai, neaaeoao i?eaaaiooue e e iaaeyaeiie i?iiaaaiaea, eae – oi:
noaiiay aacaoa, a eioi?ie ?ane?uaathony aiciiaeiinoe oaeoeueoaoeaa,
ia?eiaee/aneay eioi?iaoeey i aeinoeaeaieyo o/aueony, ?aaioathueo a
oaeoeueoaoeaa e aeoeaii o/anoaothueo a ieeiieaaeao, eiieo?nao e. o. i.
Nthaea aea neaaeoao ioianoe aunoaaee eioa?aniuo iaoa?eaeia, nicaeaiiuo
o/aueieny i?aaeuaeoueo auioneia: aeueaiiu, iiniaey e. o. ae.
Eniieueciaaiea aiciiaeiinoae oaeoeueoaoeaa nicaeaao oneiaey aeey
iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe eco/aiey eiino?aiiiai ycuea o/aueieny n?aaeiae
oeieu.

2.2 I?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee «Ooaeiaeanoaaiii-?a/aaay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia eiino?aiiii ycuea»

I?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee «Ooaeiaeanoaaiii-?a/aaay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia eiino?aiiii ycuea» i?aaeiacia/aia aeey o/aueony III –
IV eeannia iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee e ?ann/eoaia ia 35 /ania a
eaaeaeii eeanna.

Aeooaeueiinoue oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee ii?aaeaeyaony ianeieueeeie
oaeoi?aie. Eiino?aiiua ycuee yaeythony yooaeoeaiui n?aaenoaii
ananoi?iiiaai ee/iinoiiai ?acaeoey, naiiniaa?oainoaiaaiey,
i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ?inoa e iaaeee/iinoiiai iauaiey. A niioaaonoaee n
nioeeaeueiui caeacii iauanoaa ycueiaia ia?aciaaiea noaaeo neiaeioth
oeaeue, niioaaonoaothuoth ?iee eiino?aiiuo ycueia a nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa
– oi?ie?iaaiea iieeeoeueoo?iie iiiaiycu/iie ee/iinoe. A oneiaeyo
aeaoeoeeoa a?aiaie, ioaiaeeiiai ia eco/aiea eiino?aiiuo ycueia a
iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo, i?iaaaeaiea oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee
«Ooaeiaeanoaaiii-?a/aaay aeayoaeueiinoue ia eiino?aiiii ycuea»
ainiieiyao nouanoaothuee aeaoeoeeo a?aiaie e nicaeaao aeaaii?eyoiua
oneiaey aeey eiiycu/iiai ?a/aaiai ?acaeoey o/aueony ia/aeueiie oeieu, eo
ycueiauo e oai?/aneeo niiniaiinoae.

I?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee «Ooaeiaeanoaaiii-?a/aaay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia eiino?aiiii ycuea» ?ac?aaioaia a ?aieao
i?aaeiaoii-oaiaoe/aneiai niaea?aeaiey iauaiey e o?aaiaaiee e
i?aeoe/aneiio aeaaeaieth aeaeaie ?a/aaie aeayoaeueiinoe, ii?aaeaeyaiuie
o/aaiie i?ia?aiiie ii eiino?aiiui ycueai (Ieine, 2009).

Oeaeueth oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee yaeyaony i?eiauaiea o/aueony ia/aeueiie
oeieu e eoeueoo?a ae?oaeo ia?iaeia e iaua/aeiaa/aneei aeooiaiui
oeaiiinoyi iin?aaenoaii /oaiey aeaoneeo eeoa?aoo?iuo i?iecaaaeaiee ia
eiino?aiiii ycuea e eo einoeaie?iaeo, oi?ie?iaaiea eioa?ana e
eiino?aiiiio ycueo e /oaieth ia eiino?aiiii ycuea, i?aiaeieaiea
ineoieiae/aneeo aa?uea?ia a eniieueciaaiee eiino?aiiiai ycuea eae
n?aaenoaa iauaiey.

Ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo ?aoathony neaaeothuea caaea/e:

· oi?ie?iaaiea eoeueoo?u ?a/e e eoeueoo?u iauaiey;

· oi?ie?iaaiea ia?aciiai i?aaenoaaeaiey ia ie?oaeathuai ie?a;

· ?anoe?aiea e?oaici?a, ie?iiiieiaiey, ie?iiuouaiey e ie?iaini?eyoey;

· ainieoaiea eoeueoo?u /oanoa, niiniaiinoe e niia?aaeeaaieth;

· oi?ie?iaaiea oeaiiinoiuo i?eaioaoeee;

· ?acaeoea oai?/aneeo niiniaiinoae, aiia?aaeaiey, iaiyoe.

Iao/aiea ooaeiaeanoaaiii-?a/aaie aeayoaeueiinoe a ?aieao oaeoeueoaoeaiuo
caiyoee i?aaeiieaaaao ?acaeoea neooi-i?ieciineoaeueiuo e
?eoieei-eioiiaoeeiiiuo iaaueia, niaa?oainoaiaaiea eaene/aneeo e
a?aiiaoe/aneeo iaaueia, ?acaeoea oaoieee /oaiey e neaaeothueo oiaiee
?a/aaie aeayoaeueiinoe:

aeeaeiae/aneay ?a/ue

· oiaiea aanoe yoeeaoiue aeeaeia, aeeaeia-?anni?in ii iioeaai
eeoa?aoo?iuo i?iecaaaeaiee;

· oiaiea aanoe iiaeaioiaeaiiue aeeaeia a einoeaie?iaeao e ?ieaauo ea?ao
ia iniiaa eeoa?aoo?iuo i?iecaaaeaiee;

iiiieiae/aneay ?a/ue

· oiaiea aeaeaoue e?aoeea iiaeaioiaeaiiua auneacuaaiey i aa?iyo
eeoa?aoo?iiai i?iecaaaeaiey n iii?ie ia ea?oeieo e ia oaeno (niiauaiea);

· oiaiea iienuaaoue i?aaeiaou, aiaoiinoue aa?iaa, eo aeeeeua ia iniiaa
eeoa?aoo?iuo i?iecaaaeaiee (iienaiea);

/oaiea

· oiaiea /eoaoue i?i naay e aneoo n i?aaeeueiui i?ieciioaieai e
eioiiaoeeae aaeaioe?iaaiiua aeaoneea eeoa?aoo?iua i?iecaaaeaiey –
neacee, ?anneacu, noeoe, ianie, ?eoiiaee, iino?iaiiua ia i?ia?aiiiii
ycueiaii iaoa?eaea;

A oiaea ?aaiou iaae aeaoneei eeoa?aoo?iui i?iecaaaeaieai ?acaeaathony
neaaeothuea eiiiainaoi?iua oiaiey:

aiai?aiea

· ooi/iaiea niaea?aeaiey auneacuaaiey n iiiiuueth ieieee e aeanoia.

/oaiea

· i?iaiice?iaaiea niaea?aeaiea oaenoa ii caaieiaeo;

· iii?a ia n?aaenoaa c?eoaeueiie iaaeyaeiinoe (?enoiee, oioia?aoee).

I?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee «Ooaeiaeanoaaiii-?a/aaay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia eiino?aiiii ycuea» niinianoaoao oaeaea iaeaaeaieth
o/aueieny nioeei-eoeueoo?iuie ciaieyie a i?ioeanna iciaeiieaiey n
eo/oeie ia?acoeaie aeaoneiai eiiycu/iiai oieueeei?a, i?iecaaaeaieyie
aeaoneie eiiycu/iie eeoa?aoo?u e eo aaoi?aie.

I?AAIECAOeEss IA?ACIAAOAEUeIIAI I?IOeANNA

I?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee «Ooaeiaeanoaaiii-?a/aaay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia eiino?aiiii ycuea» i?aaenoaaeyao oe?ieea aiciiaeiinoe
aeey ?acaeoey ?acee/iuo oiaiee e oai?/aneiai eniieueciaaiey eiino?aiiiai
ycuea i?e niioaaonoaothuae i?aaiecaoeee o/aaii-ainieoaoaeueiiai
i?ioeanna.

Oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey i?iaiaeyony a ?acee/iuo oi?iao – ?ieaaay ea?a,
einoeaie?iaea, ithceee, i?acaeiee, eiioea?o, eiieo?n. Oi?iu eoiaiauo
caiyoee ii oaia eee ianeieueeei oaiai ii?aaeaeythony o/eoaeai ca?aiaa e
aioiayony n o/aueieny iinoaiaiii, n o/aoii caeiiiia?iinoae i?ioeanna
iaeaaeaiey iaaueaie e oiaieyie eiiycu/iiai iauaiey. Aeey aieaa
yooaeoeaiiai i?iaaaeaiey caiyoee iaiaoiaeeii eniieueciaaoue nia?aiaiiua
oaoie/aneea aiciiaeiinoe iniauaiey ia?aciaaoaeueiiai i?ioeanna.

?aaioa iaae eeoa?aoo?iui i?iecaaaeaieai no?ieony a o?e yoaia, eaaeaeue
ec eioi?uo iiaeao i?aaenoaaeyoue niaie ioaeaeueiia caiyoea.

Ia i?aaeoaenoiaii yoaia o/aueany aioiayony e onoiiio (i?ineooeaaiea) eee
ienueiaiiiio (/oaiea) aini?eyoeth eeoa?aoo?iiai i?iecaaaeaiey.
I?iaiaeeony ?aaioa ii niaa?oainoaiaaieth caoei-i?ieciineoaeueiuo e
eaeneei-a?aiiaoe/aneeo iaaueia, iniiaaiiay ia ycueiaii iaoa?eaea e
niaea?aeaiee eeoa?aoo?iiai i?iecaaaeaiey. Yoi iiaeao auoue ?aaioa iaae
i?ieciioaieai eiai nianoaaiiuo, ano?a/athueony a eeoa?aoo?iii
i?iecaaaeaiee, iaae io?aaioeie caoeia, neiaeiuo aeey i?ieciioaiey, n
eniieueciaaieai nei?iaiai?ie eee neia ec oaenoa. Aeieaeiia aieiaiea ia
yoii yoaia oaeaeyaony ?aaioa iaae eioiiaoeeae e ?eoiii iin?aaenoaii
eniieueciaaiey ?eoiiaie, ea? oeia «Iiacae» (aia/aea i?aaeeiaeaiea
i?ieciineony iaaeeaiii, caoai auno?aa e auno?aa, caoai niiaa iaaeeaiii),
ea?-ia?aaiieiuaiee («Ou – niaa/ea, eena, e?ieee; ou ?aaeoaoueny,
a?onoeoue, onoae, ceeoueny, n/anoeea, e o.i.).

Ia yoii yoaia oeaeaniia?acii oe?iei eniieueciaaoue eeethno?aoeee
eeoa?aoo?iiai i?iecaaaeaiey, eioi?ua iiiiaatho aaanoe o/auaainy a
neooaoeeth e i?aaeainoeoeoue niaea?aeaiea aini?eieiaaiiai eeoa?aoo?iiai
i?iecaaaeaiey, iai?eia?, «Iiniio?e ia ea?oeieo e neaaee, i /ai eee i eii
yoio ?anneac», «Eae iacuaaaony yoio ?anneac?», «Eae ou aeoiaaoue, i /ai
?acaiaa?eaatho aa?ie?», «Iiniio?e ia ea?oeieo, iineooae iienaiea aa?iy e
aeiaaaeaeny, i eii eaeao ?a/ue», «Iiniio?e ia ea?oeieo e neaaee ana, /oi
iiaeaoue ia yoii aa?ia, caoai i?i/oe ?anneac e n?aaie aai ni naiei
iienaieai».

Ia oaenoiaii yoaia o/aueany auiieiytho caaeaiea ia iiieiaiea oaenoa,
iinoaaeaiiia ia?aae aini?eyoeai oaenoa, iai?eia?, i?iaa?eoue
i?aaeiieiaeaiey, auneacaiiua ia i?aaeoaenoiaii yoaia ?aaiou, aua?aoue
caaeaaea ec ianeieueeeo, iacaaoue anao aeaenoaothueo eeoe, ioaaoeoue ia
aii?in, ioaaouaathuee iauaa iiieiaiea niaea?aeaiey. Ia?aia i?i/oaiea
oaenoa aeaeaoaeueii niaianoeoue n i?ineooeaaieai eannaou eee o/eoaey. A
yoii neo/aa o/aueany neuoao cao/auee oaeno – oiiaoe/anee i?aaeeueioth e
eioiiaoeeiiii au?aceoaeueioth ?a/ue aeoa?a eee o/eoaey – e iaeiia?aiaiii
/eoatho aai aeacaie. Caaeaiey oeia «?aniieiaeeoa i?aaeeiaeaiey a ioaeiii
ii?yaeea», «Ii?aaeaeeoa aa?iua e iaaa?iua auneacuaaiey», «Eni?aaueoa
ioeaee», «Iaeaeeoa ianiioaaonoaey iaaeaeo oaenoii e ea?oeieie»,
«Aniiiieoa, eoi yoi aiai?eo» i?aaeiieaaatho iiaoi?iia naiinoiyoaeueiia
ia?auaiea e oaenoo (/oaiea i?i naay). Iinea i?iaa?ee iiieiaiey oaenoa
io?aaaouaaaony au?aceoaeueiia /oaiea: aia/aea oaeno /eoaaony aianoa n
o/eoaeai eee eannaoie, caoai ?ani?aaeaeythony ?iee, eioi?ua aia/aea
icao/eaathony a?oiiie o/aueony, i?iecaiaeeony eo iaiaeiie?aoiay niaia,
caoai eaaeaeue ioaeaeueiue o/aueeny iieo/aao naith ?ieue e eeoa?aoo?iia
i?iecaaaeaiea i?i/eouaaaony aneoo. I?e yoii o/aueany, ia iieo/eaoea
?ieue, ieieeie e aeanoaie iiaoo ecia?aaeaoue iienuaaaiua a oaenoa
niauoey e aeaenoaey. Aeaeaa iiaeii i?aaieciaaoue eiieo?nu ia eo/oaai
/oaoea, ia eo/ooth a?oiio /oaoeia e o.i.

Ia iineaoaenoiaii yoaia o/aueany, i?aaeaea anaai, eioa?i?aoe?otho e
ioeaieaatho eeoa?aoo?iia i?iecaaaeaiea, aai aa?iaa, au?aaeatho naia
ioiioaiea e iei. Aeaeaa a a?oiiao eee ia?ao o/aueany auiieiytho caaeaiea
ii iiaeaioiaea ?ieaaie ea?u eee einoeaie?iaee:

· nie?auatho oaeno i?iecaaaeaiey e aioiayo ?aieeee aeey eaaeaeiai
o/anoieea ?ieaaie ea?u eee einoeaie?iaee;

· o/ao ?iee aeey einoeaie?iaee eee ?ieaaie ea?u;

· ecaioaaeeaatho ianee, einothiu, yeaiaiou aeaei?aoeee aeey
einoeaie?iaee;

· iiaoi?ytho ianie, ?eoiiaee eee noeoe ec iniiaiiai eo?na eee
?aco/eaatho iiaua;

· i?iaiaeyo iiaeaioiaeaiioth einoeaie?iaeo eee ?ieaaoth ea?o;

· ianoaeaeatho e ioeaieaatho ?acoeueoaou.

A oiaea yoie ?aaiou o/eoaeue aunooiaao a ea/anoaa i?aaiecaoi?a,
?aaeenna?a aeayoaeueiinoe. Yoi o?aaoao ouaoaeueiie iiaeaioiaee caaeaiee
aeey ia?iie / a?oiiiaie / ianniaie ?aaiou e iaania/aiey o/aueiny
iaiaoiaeeiie iiiiue aeey ?aoaiey iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/.

Oeaeaniia?acii iauaaeeiyoue ianeieueei einoeaie?iaie a i?acaeiee,
eiioea?o e o. i. aeey ae?oaeo o/aueony e ?iaeeoaeae.

Oaeei ia?acii, eo?n oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee «Ooaeiaeanoaaiii-?a/aaay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia eiino?aiiii ycuea» yaeyaony oeaeinoiui oeeeeii
oi?aaeyaiiai acaeiiaeaenoaey iaaeaeo o/eoaeai e o/aueieny, eioi?ia
i?aaenoaaeyao oe?ieea aiciiaeiinoe aeey eniieueciaaiey ?aciiia?aciuo
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo oi?i i?iaaaeaiey caiyoee e ?aaeeiia ?aaiou o/aueony
(o?iioaeueiay, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiay, ia?iay, a?oiiiaay, ianniaay) aeey
iaeaaeaiey iaaueaie e oiaieyie eiiycu/iiai iauaiey.

I?EIA?IIA IEAIE?IAAIEA OAEOEUeOAOEAIUO CAIssOEE

Ieaie?iaaiea oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee inouanoaeyaony n o/aoii

· ia/aea eco/aiey eiino?aiiiai ycuea e o?iaiy ciaiee o/aueony;

· i?aaeiaoii-oaiaoe/aneiai niaea?aeaiey iauaiey;

· a?aiaie, iaiaoiaeeiiai aeey ?aaiou iaae eeoa?aoo?iui i?iecaaaeaieai
–1- 2 caiyoey a caaeneiinoe io aai iauaia;

· a?aiaie, iaiaoiaeeiiai aeey einoeaie?iaaiey eeoa?aoo?iiai
i?iecaaaeaiey –1- 2 caiyoey a caaeneiinoe io aai iauaia;

· a?aiaie, iaiaoiaeeiiai aeey iiaeaioiaee i?acaeieea eee eiioea?oa – 2 –
4 caiyoey a caaeneiinoe io oaiaoe/aneiai ioaaoa i?acaeieea.

IAEEAeAAIUA ?ACOEUeOAOU

I?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey «Ooaeiaeanoaaiii-?a/aaay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia eiino?aiiii ycuea» ?anoe?eo aiciiaeiinoe o/aueony III
– IV eeannia eniieueciaaoue i?eia?aoaiiue ycueiaie, ?a/aaie e
nioeeieoeueoo?iue iiuo aeey:

· niaa?oainoaiaaiey ?a/aauo iaaueia e ?acaeoey oiaiee iauaiey;

· i?aiaeieaiey ineoieiae/aneeo aa?uea?ia a i?ioeanna onoiiai iauaiey ia
eiino?aiiii ycuea;

· iciaeiieaiey n aeinooiiuie ia?acoeaie aeaoneiai ca?oaaaeiiai
oieueeei?a ia eco/aaiii eiino?aiiii ycuea;

· ?acaeoey aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiiai ioiioaiey e i?aaenoaaeoaeyi ae?oaeo
no?ai.

NIAeA?AEAIEA OAEOEUeOAOEAIIAI EO?NA

Eo?n oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee ninoaaeyao aaeeiia oeaeia n iniiaiui
eo?nii, i?iaeieaeaao e ?acaeaaao aai e nicaeaao aiciiaeiinoe aeey
aeiiieieoaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey i?ia?aiiiiai iaoa?eaea ai anao aeaeao
?a/aaie aeayoaeueiinoe. I?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee i?aaeinoaaeyao
iiaua ?aaeueiua neooaoeee aeey eniieueciaaiey eiino?aiiiai ycuea a
oeaeyo iauaiey i?e iiaeaioiaea einoeaie?iaie, ?ieaauo ea?, i?acaeieeia,
ithceeeia, iinoaiiaie, eiieo?nia /oaoeia e o.i. Ana ia?a/eneaiiua oi?iu
caiyoee iaania/eaatho niaa?oainoaiaaiea eaeneei-a?aiiaoe/aneeo iaaueia e
?acaeoea ?a/aauo oiaiee a oneiaeyo, iaeneiaeueii i?eaeeaeaiiuo e
?aaeueiiio iauaieth eee eieoe?othueo oaeia iauaiea a ?aieao noa? e
i?aaeiaoii-oaiaoe/aneiai niaea?aeaiey iauaiey, ii?aaeaeaiiiai
i?ia?aiiie.

Niaea?aeaiea i?ia?aiiu oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee «Ooaeiaeanoaaiii-?a/aaay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia eiino?aiiii ycuea» aeey III – IV eeannia
iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee i?aaenoaaeaii noa?aie iauaiey e eo
i?aaeiaoii-oaiaoe/aneei niaea?aeaieai, ycueiaui iaoa?eaeii e iaoa?eaeaie
aeey /oaiey (Ni. nienee ?aeiiaiaeoaiie eeoa?aoo?u).

III eeann (35 /ania)

Noa?u iauaiey e i?aaeiaoii-oaiaoe/aneia niaea?aeaiea

Nioeeaeueii-auoiaay noa?aO/aaii-o?oaeiaay noa?aNioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iay
noa?aNaiuey.

Ae?ocuey.

Aeii / eaa?oe?a. ?anii?yaeie aeiy. Iaeaaeaea.?anienaiea
o?ieia.I?acaeieee.

Auoiaeiie aeaiue.

ssCUEIAIE IAOA?EAE

Iaoa?eaeu eeoa?aoo?iuo i?iecaaaeaiee e ?a/ue o/aueony aeieaeiu auoue
iino?iaiu ia neaaeothuai ycueiaii iaoa?eaea:

i?iaeoeoeaiue e ?aoeaioeaiue eaene/aneee ieieioiu iniiaiiai eo?na,
aeeth/athuee:

· nouanoaeoaeueiua a i?eoyaeaoaeueiii iaaeaaea a aaeeinoaaiiii e
iiiaeanoaaiiii /enea;

· i?eeaaaoaeueiua a n?aaieoaeueiie e i?aainoiaeiie noaiaie;

· eiee/anoaaiiua /eneeoaeueiua io 21 aei 100;

· ii?yaeeiaua /eneeoaeueiua;

· oeacaoaeueiua ianoieiaiey;

a?aiiaoe/aneee iaoa?eae iniiaiiai eo?na aeey i?iaeoeoeaiiai onaiaiey,
aeeth/athuee:

· aeaaieu a Present Simple, Present Continuous a ooaa?aeeoaeueiie,
io?eoeaoaeueiie e aii?ineoaeueiie oi?iao;

· iiaeaeueiue aeaaie can aeey au?aaeaiey i?inueau;

· iiaeaeueiue aeaaie may aeey au?aaeaiey ?ac?aoaiey;

· ia?a/ey usually, now, tonight, then, upstairs, downstairs;

· i?aaeeiae a?aiaie at (one o’clock), on (the first of January;

· i?aaeeiae with, for (breakfast),

· nithc but.

?a/ue o/aueony aeeth/aao:

· i?inoua iiaanoaiaaoaeueiua e aii?ineoaeueiua i?aaeeiaeaiey n aeaaieaie
to be, to have a Present Simple,

· i?inoua iiaanoaiaaoaeueiua e aii?ineoaeueiua i?aaeeiaeaiey ni
cia/eiuie aeaaieaie a Present Simple e Present Continuous;

· iiaaeeoaeueiua i?aaeeiaeaiey;

· i?aaeeiaeaiey n iaeii?iaeiuie /eaiaie;

· aacee/iua i?aaeeiaeaiey n oi?iaeueiui iiaeeaaeauei it (It’s warm. It’s
spring);

· ooaa?aeeoaeueiua, io?eoeaoaeueiua e aii?ineoaeueiua i?aaeeiaeaiey n
iai?ioaie there is / there are, to be going to.

II. I?aeoe/aneay /anoue:

1. Oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu ii aiaeeeneiio ycueo aeey o/aueony ia/aeueiie
oeieu

I?aaiecaoeey oaeoeueoaoeaiie ?aaiou ii aiaeeeneiio ycueo a ia/aeueiie
oeiea eiaao aieueoia cia/aiea. Aeiiieieoaeueiua caiyoey ai aiao?i/iia
a?aiy niinianoaotho iiauoaieth eioa?ana e i?aaeiaoo, oaeoaeytho e
?anoe?ytho iieo/aiiua ia o?ieao ciaiey, aeatho aiciiaeiinoue o/aueiny
i?iyaeoue naie niiniaiinoe.

I. Oaeoeueoaoea “Let’s Sing English Songs”

Iniiaiua caaea/e aeaiiiai eo?na:

· aeaoue o/aueiny aiciiaeiinoue ?acaeoue naie eeiaaenoe/aneea
niiniaiinoe;

· iiauneoue eioa?an e eco/aieth eiino?aiiiai ycuea;

· oaeoaeoue e ?anoe?eoue iieo/aiiua ia o?ieao ciaiey;

· io?aaioaoue e cae?aieoue eco/aiiua eaene/aneea e oiiaoe/aneea
aaeeieoeu, a?aiiaoe/aneea yaeaiey.

Niaea?aeaiea e oaiaoeea caiyoee oanii naycaiu n o/aaiui iaoa?eaeii.

Ianie iiaeae?aeenue n o/aoii, /oi neiaa?iue caian o/aieeia aua
iacia/eoaeai, iiyoiio no?oeoo?a i?aaeeiaeaiee e niaea?aeaiea ianai
i/aiue oi?iuaii, ii yoi a naith i/a?aaeue iaeaa/aao i?ioeann caiiieiaiey
neia ianai, nieaeaao o?oaeiinoe aini?eyoey, iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe
cao/eaaoue aieueoia eiee/anoai iiauo neia.

?aaioa iaae ianiyie i?iaiaeeony ii o?aaeeoeeiiiie noaia: aini?eyoea,
naiaioecaoeey, io?aaioea i?ieciioaiey ioaeaeueiuo caoeia e neia,
?aco/eaaiea ianie, iiaoi?aiea neia ca aeeeoi?ii, eniieiaiea aianoa n
icao/aiiui oaenoii, eniieiaiea iiae iocueo. Aeaeaa i?i?aaaouaaeenue
ioaeaeueiua eaene/aneea aaeeieoeu, a?aiiaoe/aneea no?oeoo?u
(aeeaeiae/aneia aaeeinoai “How are you?” – “I’m fine, thanks”;
cae?aieaiea eco/aiiuo /eneeoaeueiuo a onoiii n/aoa “How much is 3+4?”).

Ia yoaia ioaeii naiaioecaoeey, eae iiaeii ?aaea i?eaaaaoue e ?onneiio
ia?aaiaeo; iiiiuieeaie caeanue aoaeoo ieieea, aeanou, iaaeyaeiinoue
(ea?oeiee, ea?ooee).

?acoeueoaoeaiinoue aeaiiiai eo?na i/aiue aunieie. O o/aueony
cia/eoaeueii ?anoe?yaony neiaa?iue caian, i?i/iaa noaoo ciaiey
eaene/aneiai iaoa?eaea, eco/aiiiai ia o?iea, iiauneony eioa?an e
eco/aieth eiino?aiiiai ycuea, ?anoe?eony no?aiiaaae/aneea ciaiey. ?aayoa
iieo/eee aiciiaeiinoue ?aaeeciaaoue naie oai?/aneee iioaioeeae, a
eco/aiiua ianie noaioo iiia?aie ooaeiaeanoaaiiie naiiaeayoaeueiinoe ia
aiaeeanniuo ia?ii?eyoeyo.

II. Oaia: Oeaaoa

Oei caiyoey: cae?aieaiea COI.

Oeaee:

· ?acaeoea iioeaaoeee, oiiaiaoe/aneiai neooa, ycueiaie aeiaaaeee;

· cae?aieaiea eco/aiiuo eaene/aneeo aaeeieoe, o?aie?iaea a aoaee?iaaiee,
aiai?aiee;

· ainieoaiea /oanoaa i?ae?aniiai.

Iai?oaeiaaiea:

Iaaieoioii, aoaeeicaiene ianai, ea?oi/ee ?acee/iuo oeaaoia.

Ieai caiyoey:

1. I?aiiiaio.

2. Aeoeaecaoeey eco/aiiie eaeneee.

3. I?aaeuyaeaiea iiaie ianie.

4. ?aco/eaaiea ianie

5. Aeeiaie/aneay iaoca

6. Io?aaioea eaene/aneiai iaoa?eaea a ?acee/iuo oi?aaeiaieyo.

7. Iiaeaaaeaiea eoiaia.

OIAe CAIssOEss

1. I?aaiecaoeeiiiue iiiaio.

Hello, boys and girls! How are you? Let’s start with the song “Hello,
hello!”

Aeaoe eniieiytho ?aiaa ?aco/aiioth ianith ec OIE E.H. Aa?auaaeiie, O.A.
I?eoueeiie “English III”

Our theme is “Colours”. Look at the blackboard and guess what it means.

Ia aeinea ?acaaoaiu ?aciioeaaoiua ea?oi/ee.

2. Aeoeaecaoeey eco/aiiie eaeneee.

Let’s remember the colours.

A oi?iaie e o?iioaeueiie ?aaioa aeoeaece?othony eco/aiiua neiaa.

Aeiiieieoa ?eoio:

– Io, ianiaeue iaiaea?ei.

Ii caeaiue, i?inoi – (green)

– I/aiue /a?iue iaa? Aeaeae.

*a?iue ii-aiaeeenee – (black)

– ss oiio, eaeo ei aeio.

Neiee oeaao, eiia/ii – (blue)

– ?uaeee aioe e ?uaeee aeaae.

E?aniue, ?uaeee aoaeao – (red)

– AEaeoue o?oeo – ii, cia/eo, niaeue.

AEaeoue ii-aiaeeenee – (yellow)

3. I?aaeuyaeaiea iiaie ianie “Colours” ec OIE I.I. Aea?aayiei e ae?.
“New Millennium English 5 ”.

I have a new song for you. Listen, please. Iinoa?aeoanue iiiyoue, i
eaeeo oeaaoao iiaony a iania, e auaa?eoa ea?oi/ee niioaaonoaothuaai
oeaaoa.

O eaaeaeiai ia ia?oa i?eaioiaeai eiiieaeo ea?oi/ae.

4. ?aco/eaaiea ianie.

Naiaioecaoeey: ?anneaaeeoa Iaciaeea, i /ai iiaony a iania.

Ea?aai a Yoi: Iiaoi?eoa, eae yoi, neiaa ianie.

Iiaeneaaeeoa neiai: I?iaiaa?eaaai neiaa e iaeiia?aiaiii iiaeieiaai
ea?oi/eo niioaaonoaothuaai oeaaoa.

?anneaaeeoa neiaa ae?oa ae?oao.

Sing with the music.

Sing and dance. (A?oiiu ?aayo iieo/atho ea?oi/ee ?aciuo oeaaoia.)

5. Aeeiaie/aneay iaoca.

Let’s sing our favourite song “Say Hello” and dance.

?aayoa iitho ianith ec nai?ieea aiaeeeneeo ianai OIE I.C. Aeaieaoiaie e
ae?. “Enjoy English ”.

6. Io?aaioea eaene/aneiai iaoa?eaea.

Let’s play.

Guess my favourite colour.

O/eoaeue caaaaeuaaao oeaao – ?aayoa iuoathony oaaaeaoue, oaaaeaaoee
noaiiaeony aaaeouei.

Touch the colour.

Ii eiiaiaea o/eoaey ?aayoai iaiaoiaeeii iaeoe a iiiauaiee i?aaeiao
oeacaiiiai oeaaoa e aeio?iiooueny aei iaai.

Caaaaeaeoa oeaaoioth caaaaeeo. O/eoaeue aeaao ia?acaoe.

It is an animal. It is white in winter, it is grey in summer. (A hare)

It is in the forest. It is green in summer, it is yellow in autumn, it
is white in winter. (a tree)

7. Iiaeaaaeaiea eoiaia.

What is your favourite colour?

Let’s sing our new song again.

Eniieueciaaiiua ianie acyou ec OIE E.H. Aa?auaaeiie, O.A. I?eoueeiie
“English II, III”, Nai?ieea aiaeeeneeo ianai OIE I.C. Aeaieaoiaie e ae?.
“Enjoy English ”, ec OIE I.I. Aea?aayiei e ae?. “New Millennium English
5 ”.

Aeey o/aueony 3-o eeannia auei ?aoaii i?iaiaeeoue caiyoey ii oiiaoeea ia
oaeoeueoaoeaa “Aanaeay oiiaoeea”.

A caaea/e aeaiiiai eo?na aoiaeeei neaaeothuaa:

· nicaeaiea i?aaenoaaeaiee i oiiaoe/aneii no?iaiee aiaeeeneiai ycuea;

· nenoaiaoecaoeey eiathueony ciaiee i caoeao, eioiiaoeee, ?eoia
aiaeeeneiai ycuea;

· eco/aiea ia?acoeia aeaoneiai oieueeei?a ia i?eia?a nei?iaiai?ie,
?eoiiaie;

· ?acaeoea oiiaiaoe/aneiai neooa;

· cae?aieaiea iaaueia a?oeeoeyoeee aiaeeeneeo caoeia.

Aeey eaaeaeie oaiu auee iiaeia?aiu iiaeoiaeyuea nei?iaiai?ee, ?eoiiaee,
noeoioai?aiey, ianaiee, i?eaeoiaiu caoeiaua eanaiee. Iniaaiiinoe
a?oeeoeyoeee aieueoeinoaa caoeia iiyniyeenue i?e iiiiue caaaaiuo enoi?ee
i iaoae ciaeiiie Miss Chatter. Aieueooth iieueco ieacaea iaaeyaeiinoue,
aaea caoee auee i?aaenoaaeaiu a aeaea ?acee/iuo neaci/iuo aa?iaa.
. Oaaeeoea.

III. ?ac?aaioea caiyoey ii oaia “Caoe [w]” ec eo?na “Aanaeay oiiaoeea”

Oaia: Caoe [w].

Oei caiyoey: eiiieaeniia.

Oeaee:

· ?acaeoea oiiaiaoe/aneiai neooa, iioeaaoeee;

· ainieoaiea caoeiaie eoeueoo?u ?a/e;

· cae?aieaiea a?oeeoeyoeeiiiuo iaaueia, iaaueia /oaiey, aoaee?iaaiey;

· ?anoe?aiea neiaa?iiai caiana.

Iai?oaeiaaiea: Ea?oi/ee ni caoeii e aoeaaie, iaaieoioii aoaeeicaienue
ianie, ?acaeaoi/iue iaoa?eae, aoiaaa, oeaaoiua ea?aiaeaoe.

Ieai caiyoey:

· I?aiiiaio.

· Aaaaeaiea iiaiai caoea.

· Cae?aieaiea.

· Oai?/aneee yoai.

· Iiaeaaaeaiea eoiaia.

OIAe CAIssOEss

1. I?aaiecaoeeiiiue iiiaio.

Hello, boys and girls! How are you?

2. Aaaaeaiea iiaiai caoea.

E iai a ainoe i?eoea Miss Chatter, o iaa iaaieueoay i?iaeaia. Iiaiaea ia
oeeoea aao?aiay, e aeaa?ue aeiia iinoiyiii oeiiaao. Oi e aeaei Miss
Chatter neuoeo caoe [w]. Aeaaaeoa iiiiaeai ae, iao/einy aeeo?aoii
ioe?uaaoue e cae?uaaoue aeaa?ue aeiia Miss Chatter e i?ieciineoue caoe
[w]. Aeaa?ue oeiiaao neeueii [w], a oaia?ue oeoa [w], e aua oeoa [w].

?aayoa oi?ii e ii-iaeiiio iiaoi?ytho caoe.

3. Cae?aieaiea.

Onoaiiaeaiea caoei-aoeaaiiuo niioaaonoaee.

Ec-ca eaeeo aoea a neiaao aeaa?e a aeiia Miss Chatter ia/eiatho
oeiiaoue?

W – [w] wh – [w]

A a eaeeo neiaao yoi i?ienoiaeeo?

?aayoa iacuaatho, a o/eoaeue caienuaaao ia aeinea neiaa ni caoeii [w],
a?oiie?oy ii ianoo caoea a neiaa e niioaaonoaey aoeaa.

We What Sweet

Well Why Swim

Walk Where Twelve

Want When Twenty

With White Sandwich

Wish how

Willy

Would

Aeaaaeoa i?iaiai?ei yoe neiaa oae, /oiau aeaa?ue aeiieea cae?uaaeanue
aeeo?aoii.

?aayoa oi?ii e eiaeeaeaeoaeueii i?i/eouaatho neiaa, ia?auay aieiaiea ia
i?ieciioaiea [w].

Listen, please. Somebody is crying. It is Willy. Let’s sing the song
about him.

O/aueany eniieiytho ?aiaa eco/aiioth ianith “Why do you cry, Willy?”

Anee o Miss Chatter ainoe, oi aeaa?ue aeiia oeiiaao ana /aua e /aua, eae
a iaoae “eanaiea”.

?aayoa a ia?ao, ii-i/a?aaee /eoatho “eanaieo”, iaia/aoaiioth a
?acaeaoi/iii iaoa?eaea.

We

We walk

We walk well

We walk well with

We walk well with Willy

We walk well with Willy in winter.

A eoi oaea iao/eeny i?ieciineoue caoe [w] aa?ii, oio aac o?oaea i?i/oao
nei?iaiai?eo.

I?ineooeaaiea, ia?aaiae, io?aaioea i?ieciioaiey e eiieo?n ia naiue
auno?ue ycu/ie. Nei?iaiai?ea iaia/aoaia a ?acaeaoi/iii iaoa?eaea,
o/aueany ia?aienuaatho aa a niaoeeaeueiua oao?aaee aeey oaeoeueoaoeaa,
/oiau aeiia iiaeii auei iiaoi?eoue e iiaeniio?aoue ia eoiaiauo caiyoeyo.

Which witch wished which wicked wish?

4. Oai?/aneee yoai.

Eaeei au naaa i?aaenoaaeyaoa caoe [w]? Ia?enoeoa aai.

5. Iiaeaaaeaiea eoiaia.

Eae au aeoiaaoa, iai oaeaeinue naaiaeiy iao/eoueny i?ieciineoue caoe [w]
i?aaeeueii e iiii/ue Miss Chatter?

2. I?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na ii aiaeeeneiio ycueo aeey n?aaeieo
eeannia.

2. I?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na ii aiaeeeneiio ycueo aeey n?aaeieo
eeannia

Iiyniaiea.

I?ia?aiia oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na ?acaiai?iiai aiaeeeneiai ycuea
“Iiacaeea a Aiaeeth” i?aaeiacia/aia aeey o/aueony 5-7 eeannia e
?ann/eoaia ia 34 /ana.

?anoe?aiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo naycae, aoiaeaeaiea iaoaai ainoaea?noaa a
ie?iaia niiauanoai naeaeaei eiino?aiiue ycue ?aaeueii aino?aaiaaiiui
ainoaea?noaii, iauanoaii e ee/iinoueth. Iniiaiie oeaeueth iao/aiey
eiino?aiiui ycueai, a, neaaeiaaoaeueii, e i?aaeeiaeaiiiai eo?na,
yaeyaony oi?ie?iaaiea eiiioieeaoeaiuo oiaiee.

Aeaiiay i?ia?aiia ioaa/aao o?aaiaaieyi e iaycaoaeueiiio ieieioio ii
aiaeeeneiio ycueo, i?aaeeaaaao aeiiieieoaeueiue iaoa?eae, eioi?ue
iicaieyao eo/oa onaieoue iaoa?eae oeieueiie i?ia?aiiu e aieaa
ea/anoaaiii iiaeaioiaeoueny e o?ieai. Niaea?aeaiea eo?na niinianoaoao
i?eia?aoaieth iaaueia iiieiaiey niaea?aeaiey oaenoia ?aciuo aeai?ia,
aaaeaiey aeeaeiaa yoeeaoiiai oa?aeoa?a a noaiaea?oiuo neooaoeeyo
iauaiey, aini?eyoey ia neoo iniiaiiai niaea?aeaiey ianeiaeiuo
aooaioe/iuo oaenoia e auaeaeaiey aeey naay ioaeaeueiie cia/eiie
eioi?iaoeee, iaaueia iaienaiey ienueia e caiieiaiey aieao. Eo?n
?acaiai?iiai aiaeeeneiai ycuea “Iiacaeea a Aiaeeth” iicaieyao iaeaaeaoue
iaiaoiaeeiui eaene/aneei ieieioiii aiaeeeneiai ycuea e iieo/eoue ?yae
eioa?aniuo naaaeaiee ia Aiaeee, a oaeaea o/eo i?eaioe?iaaoueny a
oeie/iuo neooaoeeyo ca a?aieoeae. Yoio eo?n, yaeyynue naiaia?aciui
iooaaiaeeoaeai ii Aiaeee, niaea?aeeo eioa?aniua no?aiiaaae/aneea
iaoa?eaeu, eioi?ua ciaeiiyo n Aaeeeia?eoaieae, aa o?aaeeoeeyie e
iau/ayie e niinianoaoao ?anoe?aieth eeiaaino?aiiaaae/aneie eiiiaoaioeee.
Ana oaenou eiatho iaiaoiaeeiia eaene/aneia e o?acaieiae/aneia
iaiieiaiea, a ieo o/oai iiuo eo/oae eeoa?aoo?u.

Eo?n “Iiacaeea a Aiaeeth” aeeth/aao 32 o?iea. No?oeoo?a e iauai
eioi?iaoeee a eaaeaeii o?iea noa?aioeiiu: iniiaiie oaeno-iieeeia n
ia?aaiaeii ia ?onneee ycue, neiaa?ue-ieieioi, oaeno aeey /oaiey,
i?aeoe/aneea oi?aaeiaiey, a?aiiaoe/aneee eiiiaioa?ee, a?aiiaoe/aneea
oanou. Niaea?aeaiea eo?na i?aaeiieaaaao ?aaioo n ?acee/iuie enoi/ieeaie
eioi?iaoeee. I?e i?aaiecaoeee caiyoee nicaeathony neooaoeee, a eioi?uo
eaaeaeue o/aiee auiieiyao eiaeeaeaeoaeueioth ?aaioo e i?eieiaao aeoeaiia
o/anoea a ?aaioa a?oiiu.

Oeaee:

1. ?acaeoea iiciaaaoaeueiuo iaaueia o/aueony a iaeanoe eco/aiey
eiino?aiiuo ycueia.

2. ?acaeoea oai?/aneiai iuoeaiey, aiia?aaeaiey, oaioacee,
naiinoiyoaeueiinoe.

3. ?acaeoea ee/iinoiie aeoeaiinoe.

4. ?acaeoea iaaueia eiae/aneiai eceiaeaiey.

5. ?acaeoea oiaiey naiinoiyoaeueii au?aaeaoue naie iunee, aiai?eoue a
ii?iaeueiii oaiia.

6. ?acaeoea oiaiee i?eaioe?iaaoueny a eioi?iaoeeiiiii i?ino?ainoaa

Caaea/e:

1. Nenoaiaoece?iaaoue e iaiaueoue ciaiey i no?aia eco/aaiiai ycuea.

2. Caaa?oeoue o o/aueony i?aaenoaaeaiea i iaioaeeoaoa e eoeueoo?a
Aiaeee.

3. Iiaeaioiaeoue o/aueony e iioeae?iaaiiiio auai?o aoaeouae i?ioannee.

4. Iao/eoue a?aoue eioa?aueth.

Niaea?aeaiea eo?na

1. I?eauoea a no?aio. Iauanoaaiiue o?ainii?o.

2. A ainoeieoea.

3. A iaaaceia.

4. N?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee.

5. Iniio? aeinoii?eia/aoaeueiinoae.

A caeeth/aiea neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi a niaea?aeaiea aeaiiiai
yeaeoeaiiai eo?na aoiaeyo ana aeaeu ?a/aaie aeayoaeueiinoe: /oaiea,
aoaee?iaaiea, aiai?aiea, ienueii.

O/aaii-iiciaaaoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue o/aueony iiaeao auoue
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie, ia?iie, a?oiiiaie. Iniiaiie eeieae neaaeoao n/eoaoue
eiiioieeaoeaiua oiaiey, eioi?ua i?aaenoaaeytho niaie ?acoeueoao
iaeaaeaiey ycueii ia eaaeaeii yoaia iao/aiey. Iniiaiie oeaeueth iao/aiey
eiino?aiiui ycueai yaeyaony oi?ie?iaaiea eiiioieeaoeaiie eiiiaoaioeee.

Niaea?aeaiea i?ia?aiiu:

Aaaaeaiea. (1 /an)

Oaia 1. Eae aeiaiaa?eaaoueny ii oaeaoiio. (2 /ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: aeeaeia “Iacia/aiea ano?a/e”, oaeno aeey /oaiey
“Eioa?iao “, a?aiiaoeea “Nouanoaeoaeueiua. A?oeeee”, oanoe?iaaiea.

Oaia 2. Iaiai iiaieyie e eioi?iaoeeae. (2 /ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: aeeaeia “*oi ou iia i?aaeeiaeeoue?”, oaeno aeey
/oaiey “A aanaaea “iie/aiea-cieioi”?”, a?aiiaoeea “I?eeaaaoaeueiua.
Ia?a/ey. *eneeoaeueiua”, oanoe?iaaiea.

Oaia 3. Caeac aeeaoia ia naiieao. (2 /ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: aeeaeia “Niae?aainy a iooue”, oaeno aeey /oaiey “A
ay?iii?oo”, a?aiiaoeea “Ianoieiaiey”, oanoe?iaaiea.

Oaia 4. AEaeaciiaei?iaeiua aeeaou. Ia aeaeaciiaei?iaeiii aiecaea. (4
/ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: aeeaeia “Ia aiecaea”, oaeno aeey /oaiey
“Ieaie?iaaiea ai?iaeia”, a?aiiaoeea “I?aaeeiae a?aiaie e ianoa”,
oanoe?iaaiea.

Oaia 5. Iiia?a a ainoeieoea. A ainoeieoea. (2 /ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: aeeaeia “A ainoeieoea”, oaeno aeey /oaiey
“Aeaeiaua caienee ae?ocae”, a?aiiaoeea “I?aaeeiae n ae?oaeie /anoyie
?a/e”, oanoe?iaaiea.

Oaia 6. I?eauoea. Eae iaeoe aei?iao. Ai?iaeneie o?ainii?o. (2 /ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: aeeaeia “Ni?aai/iia ath?i”, oaeno aeey /oaiey
“I?aaeea aeey aeaaeaeueoeaa o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa”, a?aiiaoeea
“Caaeaaiua e no?i/iua aoeau. Nie?auaiey”, oanoe?iaaiea.

Oaia 7. Eae aiai?eoue i iiaiaea. (2 /ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: aeeaeia “Eae aiai?eoue i iiaiaea”, oaeno aeey
/oaiey “Iiaiaea e eeeiao”, a?aiiaoeea “Iiaeaeueiua aeaaieu”,
oanoe?iaaiea.

Oaia 8. Iauanoaaiiia ieoaiea. (2 /ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: aeeaeia “A ?anoi?aia”, oaeno aeey /oaiey ”
Iaeaeiiaeueaen”, a?aiiaoeea “A?aiaia Simple”, oanoe?iaaiea.

Oaia 9. Auoiaia ianeoaeeaaiea. (2/ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: aeeaeia «Ni?aaee ii oaeaoiio»; oaeno aeey /oaiey
«Iu iauaainy »; a?aiiaoeea «A?aiaia Continuous»; oanoe?iaaiea.

Oaia 10. Iniio? aeinoii?eia/aoaeueiinoae (2/ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: aeeaeia «Iniio? aeinoii?eia/aoaeueiinoae»; oaeno
aeey /oaiey «Oo?oeey – ?ae aeey oo?enoia»; a?aiiaoeea «A?aiaia Perfect»;
oanoe?iaaiea.

Oaia 11. Iaaaceiu ca a?aieoeae (2/ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: aeeaeia «A noia?ia?eaoa»; oaeno aeey /oaiey «Iie
ethaeiue oiiieia»; oanoe?iaaiea.

Oaia 12. ?aaioa ia eiiiuethoa?a (2/ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: oaeno aeey /oaiey «Eiiiuethoa?iua ae?onu»;
a?aiiaoeea «Oneiaiua i?aaeeiaeaiey»; oanoe?iaaiea

Oaia 13. Iianaaeiaaiia iauaiea ethaeae. (2/ana)

I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea: oaeno aeey /oaiey « iianaaeiaaiia iauaiea
ethaeae»; a?aiiaoeea «Eioeieoea »; oanoe?iaaiea; naiinoiyoaeueiay ?aaioa
«Oo?enoe/aneea oe?iu a Aiaeee».

Oaia 14. Eoiaiaia caiyoea. (1 /an)i?aaenoaaeoue i?iaeo ii oaia
Iooaaiaeeoaeue Aiaeee

15.Caeeth/eoaeueiia caiyoea. (1 /an)

16. Eaeneei-a?aiiaoe/aneee o?aieia (2 /ana)Iiaoi?aiea
eaeneei-a?aiiaoe/aneeo aaeeieoe

Oi?iu i?iaaaeaiey caiyoee.

1. I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea, ?acaeaathuaa iaauee onoiie ?a/e n iii?ie ia
noaiu.

2. O?ie – aanaaea.

3. O?ie – aeeaeia.

4. I?aeoe/aneia caiyoea, ?acaeaathuaa iaauee e oiaiey aoaee?iaaiey

5. O?ie n eniieueciaaieai ?ieaauo ea?

6. O?ie – eaene/aneee o?aieia n eniieueciaaieai oanoiauo caaeaiee

7. O?ie – a?aiiaoe/aneee o?aieia n eniieueciaaieai oanoiauo caaeaiee

Oi?iu eiio?iey.

1. Onoiue ii?in

2. Iio?i/iua ienueiaiiua eaeneei-a?aiiaoe/aneea ?aaiou

3. ?ieaaua ea?u

4. Ienueiaiiia oanoe?iaaiea iaaueia aoaee?iaaiey, /oaiey e ienueia

O?aaiaaiey e o?iaith iiaeaioiaee iao/athueony ii aeaiiie i?ia?aiia

A ?acoeueoaoa eco/aiey aiaeeeneiai ycuea o/aiee aeieaeai:

Ciaoue/iiieiaoue:

• iniiaiua cia/aiey eco/aiiuo eaene/aneeo aaeeieoe (neia,
neiaini/aoaiee);

• iniaaiiinoe no?oeoo?u i?inouo e neiaeiuo i?aaeeiaeaiee eco/aaiiai
eiino?aiiiai ycuea; eioiiaoeeth ?acee/iuo eiiioieeaoeaiuo oeiia
i?aaeeiaeaiee;

• i?eciaee eco/aiiuo a?aiiaoe/aneeo yaeaiee (aeaei-a?aiaiiuo oi?i
aeaaieia, iiaeaeueiuo aeaaieia e eo yeaeaaeaioia, a?oeeeae,
nouanoaeoaeueiuo, ianoieiaiee, /eneeoaeueiuo, i?aaeeiaia);

• iniiaiua ii?iu ?a/aaiai yoeeaoa (?aieeee-eeeoa, iaeaieaa
?ani?ino?aiaiiay ioeaii/iay eaeneea), i?eiyoua a no?aia eco/aaiiai
ycuea;

• ?ieue aeaaeaiey eiino?aiiuie ycueaie a nia?aiaiiii ie?a, iniaaiiinoe
ia?aca aeecie, auoa, eoeueoo?u no?ai eco/aaiiai ycuea (anaie?ii
ecaanoiua aeinoii?eia/aoaeueiinoe, auaeathueany ethaee e eo aeeaae a
ie?iaoth eoeueoo?o), noiaenoai e ?acee/ey a o?aaeeoeeyo naiae no?aiu e
no?ai eco/aaiiai ycuea;

Oiaoue:

Aiai?aiea

• ia/eiaoue, aanoe/iiaeaea?aeeaaoue e caeai/eaaoue aanaaeo a
noaiaea?oiuo neooaoeeyo iauaiey, niaethaeay ii?iu ?a/aaiai yoeeaoa, i?e
iaiaoiaeeiinoe ia?ani?aoeaay, ooi/iyy;

• ?anni?aoeaaoue niaanaaeieea e ioaa/aoue ia aai aii?inu, auneacuaay
naia iiaiea, i?inueao, ioaa/aoue ia i?aaeeiaeaiea niaanaaeieea
niaeaneai/ioeacii, iie?aynue ia eco/aiioth oaiaoeeo e onaiaiiue
eaeneei-a?aiiaoe/aneee iaoa?eae;

• ?anneacuaaoue i naaa, naiae naiuea, ae?ocueyo, naieo eioa?anao e
ieaiao ia aoaeouaa, niiauaoue e?aoeea naaaeaiey i naiai ai?iaea/naea, i
naiae no?aia e no?aia eco/aaiiai ycuea;

Aoaee?iaaiea

• iiieiaoue iniiaiia niaea?aeaiea e?aoeeo, ianeiaeiuo aooaioe/iuo
i?aaiaoe/aneeo oaenoia (i?iaiic iiaiaeu, i?ia?aiiu oaea/?aaeei ia?aaea/,
iauyaeaiey ia aiecaea/a ay?iii?oo) e auaeaeyoue aeey naay cia/eioth
eioi?iaoeeth;

• iiieiaoue iniiaiia niaea?aeaiea ianeiaeiuo aooaioe/iuo oaenoia,
ioiinyueony e ?aciui eiiioieeaoeaiui oeiai ?a/e (niiauaiea/?anneac),
oiaoue ii?aaeaeeoue oaio oaenoa, auaeaeeoue aeaaiua oaeou a oaenoa,
iioneay aoi?inoaiaiiua;

*oaiea

• i?eaioe?iaaoueny a eiiycu/iii oaenoa: i?iaiice?iaaoue aai niaea?aeaiea
ii caaieiaeo;

• /eoaoue aooaioe/iua oaenou ?aciuo aeai?ia i?aeiouanoaaiii n iiieiaieai
iniiaiiai niaea?aeaiey (ii?aaeaeyoue oaio, auaeaeyoue iniiaioth iuneue,
auaeaeyoue aeaaiua oaeou, iioneay aoi?inoaiaiiua, onoaiaaeeaaoue
eiae/aneoth iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue iniiaiuo oaeoia oaenoa);

ienueiaiiay ?a/ue

• ienaoue iicae?aaeaiey, ee/iua ienueia n iii?ie ia ia?acaoe:
?anni?aoeaaoue aae?anaoa i aai aeecie e aeaeao, niiauaoue oi aea i naaa,
au?aaeaoue aeaaiaea?iinoue, i?inueao, oiio?aaeyy oi?ioeu ?a/aaiai
yoeeaoa, i?eiyoua a no?aiao eco/aaiiai ycuea.

3. Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n «I?aeoe/aneay a?aiiaoeea aiaeeeneiai ycuea» aeey
noa?oeo eeannia

Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n „I?aeoe/aneay a?aiiaoeea aiaeeeneiai ycuea“
iai?aaeai ia niaa?oainoaiaaiea iaauea ia?aaiaea e iaauea onoiie e
ienueiaiiie ?a/e o/aueony. Ciaiea a?aiiaoeee yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiui
oneiaeai aeey oniaoiiai eniieueciaaiey anao aeaeia ?a/aaie
aeayoaeueiinoe: aiai?aiey, /oaiey, ienueia e aoaee?iaaiey.

Aiaeeeneay a?aiiaoeea ian/eouaaao 12 a?ai?i. Eo onaiaiea e oiio?aaeaiea
a ?a/e i?aaenoaaeyao iaeaieueooth o?oaeiinoue aeey o/aueony. I?e
ionoonoaee eee iaaeinoaoi/iii iau?ia o?aieiaa, iao/athueany aiaeeeneiio
ycueo eniuouaatho cao?oaeiaiey a auai?a oie eee eiie a?aiaiiie oi?iu
aeaaiea. Aeey ono?aiaiey aeaiiie i?iaeaiu o/aueany aeieaeiu, i?aaeaea
anaai, eco/eoue a?aiiaoe/aneee no?ie aiaeeeneiai ycuea. Iineieueeo
iuoeaiea aeaoae i?aaieciaaii ia ?iaeiie ycue, oaniia acaeiiaeaenoaea
?iaeiiai ycuea e aiaeeeneiai a i?ioeanna iao/aiey ea?aao
eneeth/eoaeueioth ?ieue.

I?ia?aiia i?aaeoniao?eaaao iao/aiea o/aueony aiaeeeneie a?aiiaoeea /a?ac
auyaeaiea ?acee/ee e noiaenoaa iaaeaeo a?aiiaoe/aneeie yaeaieyie a iaieo
ycueao, /oi aea?o aiciiaeiinoue naanoe e ieieioio iiyaeaiea oeie/iuo
ioeaie.

Eco/aiea 68-/aniaiai eo?na ?ann/eoaii ia 2 aiaea ( 10 – 11 eeann ). A
iniiao ?ac?aaioee niaea?aeaiey caiyoee iieiaeaiu neaaeothuea
iaoiaee/aneea iiniaey:

Oeaeue eo?na:

oi?ie?iaaiea eeiaaenoe/aneie eoeueoo?u o/aueony ia iniiaa aaciaiai
ciaiey eiino?aiiiai ycuea.

Caaea/e oaeoeueoaoeaa:

· noi?ie?iaaoue iniciaiiia oiaiea eniieueciaaiey a?ai?i a onoiie e
ienueiaiiie ?a/e;

· iao/eoue iiieiaieth a?aiiaoe/aneeo no?oeoo? i?e /oaiee e aoaee?iaaiee.

Oiaiey e iaauee o/aueony:

· aaeaeaaoiia oiio?aaeaiea a?aiaiiuo oi?i aeaaieia i?e /oaiee,
aiai?aiee, ienueia, aoaee?iaaiee;

· aaeaeaaoiia eniieueciaaiea a ?a/e ianoieiaiee, aeaaiea „to be“,
aniiiiaaoaeueiuo e iiaeaeueiuo aeaaieia.

Iniaaiiinoe eo?na:

1. aei/iia eco/aiea iaoa?eaea;

2. nenoaiaoe/aneee o?aieia;

3. eniieueciaaiea ?acee/iuo aeaeia eiio?iey, aeeth/ay oanoiaue.

Oaiaoe/aneee ieai ia I iieoaiaeea

? i/iOaiaEiee/anoai /ania1. Eiy nouanoaeoaeueiia. Iaaeaae. A?oeeeue. §
1, 2, 3 no?. 199-20312. Ianoieiaiea ( ee/iua, i?eoyaeaoaeueiua,
aica?aoiua)

§ 4 no?. 20313. Eiy i?eeaaaoaeueiia. § 5 no?. 209

Ia?a/ea. § 6 no?. 21114. Aeaaie „to be“, iai?io „there is“, „there are“.
§ 8 no?. 21315. Aeaaie. A?aiaiiay a?oiia Indefinite § 10 no?. 21616.
Aeaaie. A?aiaiiay a?oiia Continuous § 11 no?. 22017. Aeaaie. A?aiaiiay
a?oiia Perfect § 12 no?. 22218. Aeaaie. A?aiaiiay a?oiia Perfect
Continuous § 1219. Caeia (ianneaiue) § 13 no?. 224110. Eiio?ieueiay
?aaioa ii oaia: „Aeaaie“111. Aniiiiaaoaeueiua e iiaeaeueiua aeaaieu (do,
have, can, may, must, should, would) § 15 no?. 227112. Eiio?ieueiay
?aaioa ii iiaeaeueiui aeaaieai1 Eoiai /ania: 12

III. Caeeth/aiea

Iiaeaiaey eoiae, iiaeii neacaoue, /oi a i?aiiaeaaaiee eiino?aiiiai ycuea
oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey caieiaao aaaeiia ianoi e i?iaiaeeony a
niioaaonoaee ni niaoeeoeeie i?aaeiaoa. Iia ?aoaao aeaa aeaaiua caaea/e:
ai-ia?auo, ?acaeoea eioa?ana, oaeoaeaiea ciaiee, niaa?oainoaiaaiea
iaaueia “e” oiaiee” ii aeaiiiio i?aaeiaoo; ai-aoi?uo, i?aaiecaoeey
naiaiaeiiai a?aiaie o/aueony n oeaeueth eo iauaai ?acaeoey.

A ?aaioa ?anniio?aiu iniiaiua oeaee e caaea/e, oaeoeueoaoeaiuo eo?nia,
iaoiaeeea eo i?iaaaeaiey, o?aaiaaiey e iei, a oaeaea nia?aiaiiua iaoiaeu
e n?aaenoaa a i?iaaaeaiee oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee.

Caeeth/ay eo?niaoth ?aaioo iiaeii neacaoue, /oi oaeoeueoaoeaiua eo?nu
(caiyoey) aiaeeeneiai ycuea iieaciu o/auainy i?e:

1. ?acaeoee iiciaaaoaeueiuo iaaueia a iaeanoe eco/aiey eiino?aiiuo
ycueia;

2. ?acaeoee oai?/aneiai iuoeaiey, aiia?aaeaiey, oaioacee,
naiinoiyoaeueiinoe;

3. ?acaeoee ee/iinoiie aeoeaiinoe;

4. ?acaeoee iaaueia eiae/aneiai eceiaeaiey;

5. ?acaeoee oiaiey naiinoiyoaeueii au?aaeaoue naie iunee, aiai?eoue a
ii?iaeueiii oaiia;

6. ?acaeoee oiaiee i?eaioe?iaaoueny a eioi?iaoeeiiiii i?ino?ainoaa;

Ia oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo ?aoathony neaaeothuea caaea/e:

· oi?ie?iaaiea eoeueoo?u ?a/e e eoeueoo?u iauaiey;

· oi?ie?iaaiea ia?aciiai i?aaenoaaeaiey ia ie?oaeathuai ie?a;

· ?anoe?aiea e?oaici?a, ie?iiiieiaiey, ie?iiuouaiey e ie?iaini?eyoey;

· ainieoaiea eoeueoo?u /oanoa, niiniaiinoe e niia?aaeeaaieth;

· oi?ie?iaaiea oeaiiinoiuo i?eaioaoeee;

· ?acaeoea oai?/aneeo niiniaiinoae, aiia?aaeaiey, iaiyoe.

Oaeaea neaaeoao, ioiaoeo /oi, o/aieeai i/aiue aaaeii oi?ioi naeaoue
aaeeiiai iaoeeiiaeueiiai oanoa (AIO) oae eae oano – yoi i?ioeaaeo?a,
i?aaeiacia/aiiay aeey auyaeaiey eiie?aoiiai ia?acoea iiaaaeaiey, ec
eioi?iai iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiaeu ia ii?aaeaeaiiuo oa?aeoa?enoeeao
ee/iinoe e ociaoue o?iaaiue ciaiee. E a yoii oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoea
eiaao iaiaeiaaaeioth ?ieue, oae eae a iniiaiii eo?na a?aiaie ia oaaoaao,
e oiio aea a iniiaiii eo?na o/eoaeue ia iiaeao eiaeeaeaeoaeueii
caieiaoueny o/aieeaie.

Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n ii eiino?aiiiio ycueo eiaao aieueoia
iauaia?aciaaoaeueiia, ainieoaoaeueiia e ?acaeaathuaa cia/aiea. Yoa
?aaioa ia oieueei oaeoaeyao e ?anoe?yao ciaiey eiino?aiiiai ycuea, ii e
niinianoaoao oaeaea ?anoe?aieth eoeueoo?ieiae/aneiai e?oaici?a
oeieueieeia, ?acaeoeth eo oai?/aneie aeoeaiinoe, ynoaoe/aneiai aeona e,
eae neaaenoaea, iiauoaao iioeaaoeeth e eco/aieth ycuea e eoeueoo?u
ae?oaie no?aiu. Oaia eo?niaie ?aaiou auea aua?aia enoiaey ec oiai, /oi
oaeoeueoaoeaiua caiyoey eiatho ia?iiiia cia/aiea aeey onaiaiey
oeieueieeaie o/aaiiai iaoa?eaea e iaeaaeaiey aeiiieieoaeueiuie ciaieyie
ii eiino?aiiiio ycueo n eniieueciaaieai aeinooiiuo e eioa?aniuo
iaoiaeia.

Iniiaiuie i?aeiouanoaaie oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na yaeythony:

1. Aeia?iaieueiue oa?aeoa? o/anoey o/aueony ai oaeoeueoaoeaiii eo?na a
ioee/ea io iaycaoaeueiinoe o/aaiie aeayoaeueiinoe. O/aueany ?aoatho aeey
naay aii?in ia o/anoee a oao eee eiuo aeaeao oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na
i?aaeaea anaai a niioaaonoaee ni naieie eioa?anaie, aeaeaieyie ociaoue
/oi-oi iiaia, caiyoueny ycueii aeiiieieoaeueii n eaeeie-oi
ii?aaeaeaiiuie oeaeyie.

Yoio aaaeouee i?eioeei i?aaiecaoeee oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na iaycuaaao
o/eoaey naiaa?aiaiii iaia?oaeeoue caeioa?aniaaiiinoue o/aieeia
oaeoeueoaoeaiui eo?nii e ycueii, aiaea/ue eo a eioa?anothuoth eo
aeayoaeueiinoue ai aiao?i/iia a?aiy e oai naiui i?iaoaeeoue a ieo
eioa?an e iae. Yoio i?eioeei ii?aaeaeyao niaea?aeaiea e oi?io
oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na — iia aeieaeia iinoiyiii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue,
oaeoaeyoue e ?acaeaaoue eioa?an e eiino?aiiiio ycueo.

2. Aieueoay naiinoiyoaeueiinoue e eieoeeaoeaiinoue o/aueony a auiieiaiee
aiao?i/iuo ii?o/aiee. A ioee/ea io o/aaiie ?aaiou, aaea iiiiuue o/eoaey
ea?aao aaaeouoth ?ieue, a oaeoeueoaoeaiii eo?na o/aueany i?iyaeytho
aieueoa naiinoiyoaeueiinoe, ecia?aoaoaeueiinoe, oai?/anoaa, eae a
auiieiaiee, oae e a i?aaiecaoeee, a auai?a oi?i ?aaiou, ioaa/athueo
eioa?anai ioaeaeueiuo aic?anoiuo a?oii o/aueony, eo neeiiiinoyi.

I?eioeei aeia?iaieueiinoe ninoieo a oii, /oi o/aieee aeeth/athony a
oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n ii nianoaaiiiio aeaeaieth. Yoio i?eioeei eiaao
naith iniaaiiinoue: o/aiee, eioi?ue nai ii?aaeaeee naia o/anoea a oii
eee ae?oaii aeaea oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na, aa?ao ia naay aeia?iaieueiia
iaycaoaeuenoai i?iaeieaeaoue eco/aiea Ess, /oi aoaeao o?aaiaaoue io iaai
aeiiieieoaeueiuo oneeee. I?eioeei ianniainoe i?aaeoniao?eaaao aeoeaiia
o/anoea a oaeoeueoaoeaiii eo?na iaeaieueoaai eiee/anoaa o/aieeia n
?aciui o?iaiai aeaaeaiey eiino?aiiui ycueii. I?eioeei o/aoa e ?acaeoey
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae e eioa?ania o/aieeia i?aaeoniao?eaaao
o/ao a eiioaenoa aeayoaeueiinoe o/aieeia eo nianoaaiiiai iiuoa,
eioa?ania, aeaeaiee, iaeeiiiinoae, ie?iaicc?aiey,
yiioeeiiaeueii-/oanoaaiiie noa?u e noaoona ee/iinoe a eieeaeoeaa.
I?eioeei nayce oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na n o?ieaie i?aaeaea anaai ninoieo a
oii, /oiau iaania/eoue aaeeinoai i?aeoe/aneeo, ?acaeaathueo oeaeae
oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na e o?ieia.

Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n aiaeeeneiai ycuea aace?oaony ia aeaaeaiee o/aieeaie
i?eau/eaie e oiaieyie, i?eia?aoaiiuie ia o?ieao Ess, iiyoiio i/aiue
aaaeiui anoue oi, /oiau o/aieee iaeaieaa iieii eniieueciaaee yoe
i?eau/ee e oiaiey ai a?aiy oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?na. Aianoa n oai
oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n iieiaeeoaeueii aeeyao ia o/aaioth aeayoaeueiinoue
o/aieeia ii eiino?aiiiio ycueo.

Iia niinianoaoao ?acaeoeth e oaeoaeaieth eioa?ana o/aueony e
eiino?aiiiio ycueo, niaa?oainoaiaaieth eo i?aeoe/aneeo iaaueia e oiaiee
a iai, ?anoe?aieth eo eoeueoo?iiai e?oaici?a e iauaia?aciaaoaeueiiai
o?iaiy.

Nienie eeoa?aoo?u

1.A.A. ?iaiaa, O.I. ?aaeiiae/, O.A. Naoa?iaa «Iaoiaeeea iao/aiey
eiino?aiiui ycueai a n?aaeiae oeiea» 251-258 no?.

2.C.I.Oeaaoeiaa – Iniaaiiinoe oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoee aeey
noa?oaeeannieeia. 151 – 160 no?.

3. Aieoaaiay oeaooeea 3: Aiaeeeneee ycue: Eieaa aeey /oaiey aeey
o/aueony 3 eeanna iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo oeie n iiauoaiiui o?iaiai
eco/aiey aiaeeeneiai ycuea. 4-a ecaeaiea. / I.I. Naaeoiiaa, Eaieoeeay
E.I., A.E.Eaeeoaae/ e ae?.- Ii.: Aaa?nya. 2007. -56n. (?acaeaeu
‘Mowgli’s family’, ‘Mowgli goes to the people’, ‘Mr Tortoise and Mr
Rabbit’, ‘Cinderella’, ‘Friends are always friends’, ‘Everything is good
in its season’).

4. Iaiiaa E.E., Oiaeueieoeeay A. A., Iaaeuo I.A. Aiaeeeneee ycue. 3
eeann. Ieine: Auo. oeiea, 2006.

5. Iaiiaa E.E., Oiaeueieoeeay A. A., Iaaeuo I.A. Aiaeeeneee ycue. 4
eeann. Ieine: Auo. oeiea, 2007.

6. I.I.Aetheaiiaa. “Iiacaeea a Aiaeeth”. O/aaiia iiniaea. Eo?n
?acaiai?iiai aiaeeeneiai ycuea. – I., Eiino?aiiue ycue. IIEEN, 2000 a.

7. O.I. Aoaianueaaa, I.A. Iaiiaa. I?ioeeueiia iao/aiea: iaaeaaiae/aneay
nenoaia e oi?aaeaiea. Eieaa 1, 2. Iineaa 2004.

8. O.A. Iiaeeiaa, I?oae/eieia A.N. e ae?. Oai?ey e i?aeoeea i?aaiecaoeee
i?aaei?ioeeueiie iiaeaioiaee. Iineaa 2003.

9. I.A. Iaiiaa. Oi?aaeaiea aaaaeaieai nenoaiu i?aaei?ioeeueiiai iao/aiey
aeaayoeeeannieeia.

10. N.O. Oeaaoiiaa, I.Ae. Oa?aiaiei. Oi?aaeaiea nia?aiaiiie oeieie.
Ecaeaoaeuenoai «O/eoaeue», 2004.

11. O.A. *aeuoaaa. I?aaei?ioeeueiay iiaeaioiaea aeaayoeeeannieeia.
Iineaa 2003.

12. N.I. *enoyeiaa, I.N. Ea?ia? e ae?. Yeaeoeaiua i?eaioaoeeiiiua eo?nu
e ae?oaea n?aaenoaa i?ioeeueiie i?eaioaoeee a i?aaei?ioeeueiie
iiaeaioiaea oeieueieeia. Iineaa 2004.

13. E.Ae. *a/aeue. Iiaeaioiaea iaaeaaiae/aneeo eaae?ia e aaaaeaieth
i?aaei?ioeeueiiai iao/aiey. Iineaa 2003.

14. E.Ae. *a/aeue. I?aaei?ioeeueiay iiaeaioiaea o/aueony iniiaiie oeieu.
Iineaa 2004.

15. Ino?ianeee A.N. Aiaeeeneee ycue. Oaeoeueoaoeaiue eo?n. O/aa. Iiniaea
aeey 7 – 8 ee. n?. oe. – I., 1988.

16. Ei?inoaeaa A.N. Iaiaauaiea neiaa?iiai caiana o/aueony ia
oaeoeueoaoeaiuo caiyoeyo // Eiino?. ssc. A oeiea. – 1981. ?4. – N. 53.

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