I I?IENOIAEAeAIEE OTH?ENEIAI NEIAA TEMIR “AEAEACI”
Eiaaea caaeoiuaaaoueny i i?ienoiaeaeaiee eaeiai-eeai neiaa, aicieeaao
aeaeaiea ia i?inoi iaeoe aai i?iecaiaeyuoth iniiao, o.a. iiieiaoeaioth
aaeeieoeo ?a/e, i?aaeoanoaothuoth ?anniao?eaaaiiio neiao-aea?eaaoo, ii e
auynieoue enoi/iee, ainnoaiiaeoue i?aaeiieaaaaiue a?oaoei (ia?ae/ioth
oi?io enoiaeiie eaenaiu), ii?aaeaeeoue aai yoeiii (eneiiiia cia/aiea
ae?aaiaai ei?ianeiaa), i?ineaaeeoue i?ioeann naiaioe/aneiai eciaiaiey,
i?eaaaeoee e iineaaeiaaoaeueiiio iiyaeaieth eaene/aneeo cia/aiee o ?yaea
?iaenoaaiiuo neia. Eiuie neiaaie, iaaeinoaoi/ii i?inoi inouanoaeoue
yoeiieiae/aneee aiaeec eaeie-oi eaenaiu – onoaiiaeoue i?ienoiaeaeaiea
eiie?aoiiai neiaa, iieacaoue oiiaoe/aneea aeaeieciaiaiey, neaaeoao
auynieoue i?e/eiu e oneiaey aicieeiiaaiey iiauo cia/aiee, o.a. i?eaanoe
aai yoeieiaeth. ?anniio?ei aeeneo?neaiui iooai, o.a. n iiiiuueth
eiae/aneeo oiicaeeth/aiee i?e/eiu iiyaeaiey a ae?aaiaoth?eneii ycuea e
oiae ?acaeoey aeaoo eaenai, iaicia/athueo iuia iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiue
aeae iaoaeea – aeaeaci e ai iiiaeo ycueao ie?a nieaa iaaee n ieiaii –
a?iico.
Iaoe?iue iaoaeeo?ae/aneee ?aaeii, nouanoaiaaaoee a ioaeaeaiiii i?ioeii,
ia?aciaaee no?aiu, aeeceea e N?aaeecaiiiii?ueth (Ia?aaeiyy Acey, Aaeiao,
THaeiay Aa?iia, Caeaaeacuea). Ae?oaei i/aaii ae?aaiae iaoaeeo?aee
ieacaeny Ainoi/iue Eacaonoai e Aeoae. Ia?aui iaoaeeii, oe?iei
eniieuecoaiui a aeayoaeueiinoe ethaeae, auea iaaeue. Iaeiaei iia eiaea
iaeoth oaa?aeinoue e iaaeinoaoi/ioth onoie/eainoue i?ioea aeaae.
I?aeoeea iieacaea, /oi nieaau iaaee n ae?oaeie iaoaeeaie e oeie/aneeie
aauanoaaie (naeiaoe, oeeie, ieiai, no?ueia, iuoueye) ieacaeenue aieaa
oaa?aeuie e i?i/iuie. Iaaeue n i?eianueth oeeiea i?aa?auaeanue a
cieioenooth ieanoe/ioth eaooiue, eioi?oth ia?aaeei eniieueciaaee
aaeiaoneea thaaee?u. Ni a?aiaiai auynieeinue, /oi eo/oae aeiaaaeie e
iaaee ieacaeinue ieiai. A Eacaonoaia e ia Aeoaa eniieii aaeia aeiaaaeyee
a iaaeiue nieaa yoio iyaeee na?aa?enoi-aaeue iaoaee, iieo/ay e?aieoth
a?iico, yaeyaoothny ioee/iui iaoa?eaeii aeey i?oaeee o?oaea e i?oaeey.
A?oaieiae, eco/athuea ai?ii?oaeioth eiaeono?eth aeaeaeiai i?ioeiai,
n/eoatho, /oi iaaeue e aieaa ?aaeeee iaoaee – ieiai yenii?oe?iaaeenue ec
Eacaonoaia a Eeoae, ia tha, a Aiaoieeth e a Aa?iio ai II oun. aei i.y.
Enneaaeiaaoaee e?ay ia?aaeei iaoiaeeee oae iacuaaaiua “/oaeneea eiie” –
ae?aaiaeoea ?oaeieee ia oa??eoi?ee Eacaonoaia e Neae?e.
A eacaoneii ycuea nio?aieeinue iiiaicia/iay eaenaia beren, iaeiiei?aiiay
neiao berik ‘e?aieee; i?i/iue; onoie/eaue’. Naiaioe/aneee niaeo?
?anniao?eaaaiiai neiaa aue iaoneiaeai aai i?yiui cia/aieai: beren – 1)
noaeue aunieiai ea/anoaa; 2) i?i/iua iaoaeee/aneea aeiniaoe (jengsiz
beren); a?iiaaeeeao (iaieiaeci); 3) aoeaoiue eeiaeae (aq beren, koek
beren), naaey (beren q?l??); 4) aeeeiiinoaieueiia oeoeeueiia ?oaeuea
(beren m?lt?q); aeioiaea; 5) oii?iue, ianoie/eaue; niaeue, o?aa?ue;
aieeee. Ioiaoei, /oi n?aaee oth?eeciia a ?onneii ycuea ano?a/aaony
aeoaeao a?iiue ~ a?iiy, ainoiaeyuee e neiao beren ‘iaoaeee/aneay caueoa,
iie?uaathuay oaei aieia’ (oiiaoe/aneea aa?eaiou: peren, p?ran). A
niaaoneia a?aiy ?onneee oth?eeci a?iiue iiiae a eaeneeo ocaaeneiai ycuea
a oi?ia bron’. Nouanoaeoaeueiia berendik neiiieie/ii eaenaiai beriktik
‘i?i/iinoue, onoie/eainoue; auiineeainoue’, m?qt?l?q ‘e?aiinoue;
i?i/iinoue’, bat?ld?q ‘niaeinoue’ [1, c. 97]. Eaoeineia iacaaiea aeaeaca
ferrum eiaao aoeaaeueiia cia/aiea ‘oaa?aeue’, oa?aeoa?ecoy naienoai
yoiai iaoaeea. Niiinoaaeyy neiaa n aeeceeie cia/aieyie ec eaoeineiai e
oth?eneiai ycueia, iu aeaeei, /oi ?aaeeciaai aaeeiue i?eioeei iiieiaoeee
aauanoaa ii ea/anoao e iaia?oaeeaaaony oiiaoe/aneay aeecinoue ferrum e
eaenaiu beren. Nio?aieaoaa a aeeaeaeoa neiai berengi ‘eaou, aeiniaoe,
a?iiy’, a ae?aaiinoe iaicia/aee iaaeiua, caoai a?iiciaua aeaoaee
iaeaaeaeu aieia, caueuaaoea aai io ii?aaeaiey oieiaeiui i?oaeeai. Aianoa
n yenii?oe?oaiui ia tha nu?ueai a aeaea iaaeaaeiiai a?iiciaiai nieaaa e
ecaioiaeaiiuie ec iaai i?aaeiaoaie e e?aioeai i?eoei aai eaene/aneia
iaicia/aiea. Oth?eneia neiai berengi auei oiiaoe/anee aaeaioe?iaaii a
ia?neaeneii ycuea a aeaea berendji. Aiineaaenoaee yoa oi?ia noaea
aini?eieiaoueny eae i?eeaaaoaeueiia, i?iecaiaeiia io iniiau berendj n
naiaioeeie ‘eaooiue; a?iica; aeaeoay iaaeue’. A ycuea ioooo (aoaaineii)
ca neiaii birindj e ca oo?aoeeei pirinc cae?aieeinue cia/aiea ‘eaooiue’,
a a oo?eiaineii ycuea ca oie aea eaenaiie a oiiaoe/aneii aa?eaioa
bueruenc – ‘a?iica’. Yoi neiai noaei ecaanoii a aa?iiaeneeo ycueao,
iai?eia?, aiaeeene., o?aioeocne. bronze, eoaeueyine. bronzo, ?onne.
a?iica. A iiaia a?aiy iacaaiea i?i/iiai iaoaeee/aneiai nieaaa aa?ioeinue
ec Aa?iiu a ycuee ia?iaeia Ainoiea: a?aane. birunz, ia?neaene. bronz,
oo?aoee. bronz, ocaaene. bronza e o.ae. A niaoeeaeueiie eeoa?aoo?a
ano?a/aaony yoeiieiae/aneay aa?ney, ii eioi?ie nieaau iaaee n ieiaii
iacuaaee “iaaeueth ec A?eiaeece”. I?aaeiieaaatho, /oi iacaaiea
i?eii?neiai ai?iaeea ia thaa Aiaiieineiai iieoino?iaa – A?eiaeece, a
?acoeueoaoa yeeeinena, o.a. nie?auaiey neiaa ni cia/aieai ‘iaaeue’ a
i?eaaaeaiiii neiaini/aoaiee, o?ainoi?ie?iaaeinue a neiai a?iica [2, c.
89].
Aeaaii iaiy caieiaea iuneue i i?ienoiaeaeaiee oth?eneiai neiaa temir
‘aeaeaci’. Auaeaeyaiue a iai ei?aiue tem- ie i /ai ia aiai?ee.
Yoeiieiaey auea ia ynia aei oao ii?, iiea y ia iiciaeiieeny n
niaea?aeaieai aeaau VI iao/ii-iiioey?iie eieae, iaienaiiie ieia?aeiaii
O.A. Caei?ee “Eaiaiue, ?iaeaeathuee iaoaee”. A yoie aeaaa, eiaioaiie
«Eaiioaoee n iaaa», neacaii, /oi aia?aua iaoe aeaeaeea i?aaeee
iiciaeiieeenue n aeaeacii, aoiaeeaoei a ninoaa iaoai?eoia, oae eae
cia/eoaeueiua ianoi?iaeaeaiey naii?iaeiiai aeaeaca, iacuaaaiiai
oaeeo?e/aneei (o.a. caiiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey), ianoieueei ?aaeee, /oi
iaia?oaeaiu oieueei a aeaoo ianoao ia Caiea. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi ia
/anoi oaeaaaeinue iaeoe e iiiciaoue a oaiiii eonea eaiiy aeaeaciue
iiaea?ie iaaan. Aaeaeo yoiai aeaeaci einie/aneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey
i?aaenoaaeyei niaie aieueooth oeaiiinoue aei oao ii?, iiea ia aue ioe?uo
nae?ao auieaaee yoiai iaoaeea ec aeaeaciie ?oaeu.
Iaoai?eoiia aeaeaci, iacuaaaiia a iaeioi?uo ycueao “iaaaniui” eee
“caacaeiui”, niaeanii ieoieiaee ia?iaeia Aa?acee ia?aaaouaaeinue
“iaaaniui eociaoeii”. Ec iaai ecaioaaeeaaee aioeaou e oe?aoaiey, ?aaea –
eeeiee eeiaeaeia. Ae?aaiee yoiin Iaaeaeo?a/uey – ooia?u eiaiiaaee
aeaeaci “iaaaniie iaaeueth”. Ia ycuea eiioia – ia?iaea, aeeaouaai a
Aaeioa, yoio iaoaee iacuaaaony bi-ni-pet, aoea. ‘iaaaniue’. A?a/aneia
iacaaiea aeaeaca sid?ros eiaao cia/aiea ‘caacaeiue’, /oi
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i n?aaieoaeueii ?aiiai ciaeiinoaa ae?aaieo yeeeiia n
“iaaaniui iaoaeeii”. O/eouaay aeeceoth naiaioeeo auoai?eaaaeaiiuo neia
ec ?yaea ia?iaenoaaiiuo ycueia, eiae/ii auei i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi
oth?eneay eaenaia temir iiaea eiaoue aiaeiae/iia enoiaeiia cia/aiea,
oeacuaathuaa ia ia?aiia/aeueiia ciaeiinoai iaoeo i?aaeeia n aeaeacii
einie/aneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey. Yoi i?aaeiieiaeaiea iicaieyao naycaoue
neiai temir n ae?oaie eaene/aneie aaeeieoeae oth?eneiai ycuea tengir ni
cia/aieai ‘iaai’. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, oth?eneia iacaaiea iaoaeea i?aaenoaao
naiaioe/aneei aea?eaaoii enoiaeiiai neiaa tengir, i?e yoii aeeaa?aaioeey
neia cae?aieyaony iaeioi?ui oiiaoe/aneei aeaeieciaiaieai a i?iecaiaeiie
eaenaia: oiiaia [ng] caiaiyaony aa?eaioii [m]. Oaeay caoeiaay
noanoeoooeey iaaethaeaaony a neaaeothueo i?eia?ao: eacaone. dong?z ~
oo?aoee. domuz ‘naeiuey’, eacaone. qongs? ~ oo?aoee. qom?u ‘ninaae’,
eacaone. i?oia?aoe/. jangb?r ~ eacaone. i?oiyie/. jamb?r ‘aeiaeaeue’,
eacaone. mening ~ oaoa?ne. m?nim ‘iie’. Ii anae aeaeeiinoe, neiai temir,
iaoiaeynue a i?aiiceoeee e ii?aaeaeyaiiio neiao, eiaei cia/aiea
‘iaaaniue’. Aiciiaeii, iii aoiaeeei a neioaaio *tengir jez > *temir jez
‘iaaaniay iaaeue’, caoai a ?acoeueoaoa yeeieiaoeee iniiaiiai eiiiiiaioa
neiaini/aoaiey jez (eioi?ia eeoue iiae?acoiaaaeinue), aai ao?eaooeaiay
/anoue aini?eiyea iauaa, eiiiiceoeeiiiia cia/aiea: temir ‘iaaaniue
(iaoaee)’ > ‘aeaeaci’. Eiathony oiiaoe/aneea aa?eaiou yoiai neiaa a
?aciuo oth?eneeo ycueao e aeeaeaeoao: temir, tebir, tewir, t?mir, t?mur,
temuer, toemuer, demir, daemir e o.ae. Iii ano?a/aaony n?aaee oth?eeciia
a iiiaieueneii (toeomoer), eaeiuoeeii (toemr), na?aneii e aieaa?neii
(demir) ycueao.
Aeaeeia?aoey
1. ?aca? o?e? n?cae?a?. – Aeiaou: Aeaee-I?ann, 1999.
2. O.A. Caei?ee. Eaiaiue, ?iaeaeathuee iaoaee. – I.: I?inaauaiea, 1984.
3. O??-I?? EEEOO, ???? ??????? ??, ????e ???e a ????, ?? e??????i ????
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