A?AOO
EAOAAe?A EIINOAIIUO ssCUEIA YEIIIIE*ANEEO NIAOeEAEUeIINOAE
Eiio?ieueiia caaeaiea ?2
Caaeaiea:
1. I?i/oeoa Oaeno 1 e ienueiaiii auiieieoa iineaoaenoiaua caaeaiey ??
1-5.
2. I?i/oeoa Oaeno 2 e onoii auiieieoa caaeaiea ?6.
1. Ia?aieoeoa i?aaeeiaeaiey, aua?aa iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyuaa ii niuneo
neiai ec /enea oao, /oi aeaiu a neiaeao. Ia?aaaaeeoa i?aaeeiaeaiey ia
?onneee ycue.
1) Money is anything „what you buy things with“.
Aeaiueae – yoi /oi-oi, «ca /oi au iieoiaaoa aaue».
2) Without compromise, it is difficult to reach agreements.
Aac eiii?iienna neiaeii aeinoeaaoue niaeaney.
3) All sorts of ads are market mechanisms typically used to provide
information about the products offered for sale.
Ana aeaeu ?aeeaiu yaeythony ?uii/iuie iaoaieciaie, eioi?ua iau/ii
i?eiaiythony aeey i?aaeinoaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee i i?iaeoeoao,
i?aaeeaaaaiuo aeey i?iaeaaee.
2. Ia?aieoeoa i?aaeeiaeaiey, eni?aaea aeiiouaiiua a ieo niuneiaua
ioeaee. Ia?aaaaeeoa i?aaeeiaeaiey ia ?onneee ycue.
1) The market is any virtual or physical place where trade is conducted.
?uiie – yoi ethaia ae?ooaeueiia eee oece/aneia ianoi, aaea aaaeaony
oi?aiaey.
2) Any market transaction is a product of compromise.
Ethaay ?uii/iay naeaeea – yoi ?acoeueoao eiii?iienna.
3) Barter systems are less common than systems that use currency.
Aa?oa?iua nenoaiu iaiaa ?ani?ino?aiaiu, /ai nenoaiu, eioi?ua i?eiaiytho
n?aaenoaa aeaiaaeiiai ia?auaiey.
3. Ia?aieoeoa i?aaeeiaeaiey, caiieiea i?iionee iiaeoiaeyueie ii niuneo
neiaaie a niioaaonoaee n niaea?aeaieai oaenoa eiio?ieueiie ?aaiou.
Ia?aaaaeeoa i?aaeeiaeaiey ia ?onneee ycue.
1) A price is the amount of money paid for one unit of a good.
Oeaia – yoi noiia aeaiaa, eioi?oth ieaoyo ca iaeio aaeeieoeo oiaa?a.
2) In market economies both govenment and the private sector play very
important roles.
A ainoaea?noaao n ?uii/iie yeiiiieeie e ainoaea?noai e /anoiue naeoi?
ea?atho i/aiue aaaeioth ?ieue.
3) The direct exchange of goods without the use of money is called
barter.
I?yiie iaiai oiaa?aie aac i?eiaiaiey aeaiaa iacuaaaony aa?oa?ii.
4) Both buyers and sellers expect to become profit as a result of the
exchagne.
Eae i?iaeaaoeu, oae e iieoiaoaee ?ann/eouaatho iieo/eoue i?eaueue a
?acoeueoaoa iaiaia.
5) The world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought
and sold nalled a market.
Iaeanoue eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, a eioi?ie oiaa?u e oneoae
i?iaeathony e iieoiathony, iacuaaaony ?uieii.
6) People who pay for goods and services are called buyers.
Ethaee, eioi?ua ieaoyo ca oiaa?u e oneoae, iacuaathony iieoiaoaee.
4. Ioaaoueoa ienueiaiii ia aiaeeeneii ycuea ia neaaeothuea aii?inu ii
niaea?aeaieth oaenoa eiio?ieueiie ?aaiou:
A.
1) Who or what is the market?
A market is any arena, physical or virtual, in which buyers and sellers
make transactions.
2) What are the main market participants?
The main market participants are sellers and buyers.
3) How do the main market participants behave in the market?
A buyer gives up money and received a good, while a seller gives up a
good and receive money.
4) Why do buyers and sellers make exchanges?
Both sides tend to benefit by an exchange.
5) Do barter exchanges differ from money exchanges?
Barter is the exchange of goods and services performed directly, without
using money.
B.
1) What is money?
Money is anything „what you buy things with.“
2) What role does the money play in market exchanges?
Money is a medium of exchange, in terms of which the value of all goods
and services is expressed. Money allows for complex exchanges to take
place more easily than using barter.
3) What is price?
The amount of money for which a/one unit of goods or services is
exchanged is called price.
4) How is the price established in the market?
The price is the result of compromise between expectaions of a buyer and
a seller.
5) What is profit and how is it related to price?
The difference between the price at which you sell a good and the price
at which you bought it in a trade transaction is normally referred to as
profit.
C.
1) How would you define „free market“?
A completely free market is an idealized form of a market economy where
buyers and sellers are allowed to transact freely without any state
intervention in the form of taxes, subsidies or regulation.
2) Is a completely free-market economy an or a reality?
A completely free market economy is an idealized abstraction.
3) What is the main difference between a capitalist economy and a
socialist economy?
A socialist economy is supervised by government, a capitalist economy
has a strong private sector.
5. Ia?aieoeoa io?uaie Oaenoa ?1 (6-8 no?ie) e ia?aaaaeeoa aai ienueiaiii
ia ?onneee ycue.
Definition: what exactly is the market? There is no universally accepted
definition of the term market in economics. The term originally referred
to a special place (typically, the main square of the largest village in
the vicinity) where products were bought and sold once a week.
In modern times, a market is any arena, physical or virtual, in which
buyers and sellers make transactions. Besides, most markets comprise
groups of people who act as intermadiaries between the first seller of a
commodity and the final buyer.
Ii?aaeaeaiea: /oi oaeia ?uiie? A yeiiiieea ia nouanoaoao iauai?eiyoiai
ii?aaeaeaiey oa?ieia «?uiie». Ia?aiia/aeueii yoio oa?iei iaicia/ae
niaoeeaeueiia ianoi (iau/ii, aeaaioth ieiuaaeue a naiie aieueoie
aea?aaia a ie?oaa), a eioi?ii i?iaeaaaee e iieoiaee i?iaeoeou ?ac a
iaaeaeth.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ?uiie – yoi oece/aneay eee ae?ooaeueiay iaeanoue, a
eioi?ie iieoiaoaee e i?iaeaaoeu inouanoaeytho naeaeee. E?iia oiai
aieueoeinoai ?uieia aeeth/atho a naay a?oiiu ethaeae, eioi?ua aunooiatho
iin?aaeieeaie iaaeaeo i?iecaiaeeoaeai e eiia/iui iieoiaoaeai.
6. Naiinoiyoaeueii i?i/oeoa ni neiaa?ai Oaeno 2, noa?aynue iiiyoue aai
iniiaiia niaea?aeaiea. Ninoaaueoa ieai niaea?aeaiey oaenoa (ienueiaiii,
ia ?onneii eee aiaeeeneii ycuea).
Ieai
1) Determination of the price for goods and services
2) Traditional market
3) Types of markets
4) Stock markets
5) Black markets
6) Underground markets
7) Political market
Nienie eniieuecoaiie eeoa?aoo?u
1. Yiooaei A.A., Eacaineay I.I. Aeaaie.- Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a, «Ea?i», 2001.-
544n.
2. Eiiiuethoa?iue aiaei-?onneee neiaa?ue iauae eaeneee. The Universal
English-Russian Dictionary. 5-a ecae., eni?aaeaiiia e aeiiieiaiiia. 100
oun. noaoae. © ABBYY Software, 2003.
3. Aiie I.A., Eioee A.A., Eoeueyiiaa I.A. O/aaiee aiaeeeneiai ycuea.
2 oii – I., «Aeaeiio» – «Aen». 1999. – 640n.
4. Raymond Murphy, English Grammar In Use. – Cambridge University
Press, 1999. – 350c.
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