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Economics as human art

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A??? ? 2

I. I????a ??o, ???? ????? ??a, ????? eo. I???? ????? ?? ??o

Economics as academic discipline

Economics is as old as the human race: it is probably the first art
which man acquired. When some cavemen went out to hunt while others
remained to defend the fire or when skins were traded for flint axes we
had economics. But economics as an academic discipline is relatively
new: the first major book on economics Adam Smith?s “The Wealth of
Nations” was published in 1776. Since that time the subject has
developed rapibly and there are now many branches of the subjects such
as microeconomics, international economics and econometrics as well as
many competing schools of thought.

There is an economic aspect to almost any topic we care to mention of
education. Economics is a comprehensive theory of how society works. But
as such it is difficult to define. The great classical economics Alfred
Marshall defined economics as “the study of l man in the everyday
business of life”.

This is rather too vague a definition. Any definition should take
account of the guiding idea in economics which is scarcity. Virtually
everything is scarce; not just diamonds or but also bread and water. How
can we say this? The answer it that one only has to look around the
world to realize that there are not enough resources to give people all
they want. It is not only the very poop who feel depriver, even the
relatively well-off seem to want more. Thus when we use the word
‘scarcity’ we mean that:

All resources are scarce in the sense that there are not enough to fill
everyone’s wants to the point of satiety.

We therefore have limited resources both in rich countries and poor
countries. The economist’s job is to evaluate the choices that exist for
the use of these resources. Thus we have another characteristic of
economics: it is concerned with choice.

Y???? ?e y?????ay ?????

Y???? ??a ?e ??????: y? ???? ??? ? ????, ??????o ????i. E?? ????i ?????o
i????? ? ??o, ??? ????? ??iy? ??ue, ??? ???? ??o – ??? ???ay y????. Ii
y???? ?e ??????y ????? ?????? ?e ??ay ??ay ??a ? y???? A?? N?? «Ai???i
??aea» ?? ?????? a 1776 a. N ?o ?? ?? ??a ??? ?????y, e ?y??? ??i ???
?????e a ???yo ??o ?e: ??iy????, ???y y???? e y?????a ?e ???o, ? ???y ?
? ?i.

Y?????? ??? ?????y a eth?e ?? ?????y. Y???? ?????yy ??ey ?e ???? ???. Ii
???eyth?y ?e ???a ????e. A??ay ?????ay y???? A???a I??? ????y? y???? ?e
«??? 1-? ???? a ?????? ???e ???.

Y? ??? ??e? ??? ???e??. Eth?a ?????a ??? ??e ?e???? ?? a y????, ???a
??e. O????e ??i ??????, ? ??? ???a, ? ?e ? ??a e ??. *? ? ??? ???ue ?
y?? I?? ? y? ??? ??, ?ey??y ??? a ??, ?i? ?iy? ?, ?i ???a??i ????, ??
ethaeyi ???a, ?? y?? ?oyo. Y? ? ??? ??ue ???, ?i ??? ?????, ? e ??????
???a ?oyo ????. O?? ???i, ??a ? ????? ??i «???? ? ??i a ??o:

A? ???u n??u, a ??? a?i ?????? ??i ?? ?? ??o ???.

Iu ?y?? ??? ????? ??? a ???o ???o. ???a y????a ??? ????ue ???, ???a
????tho ?y ??????y y?o ????. O?? ???i, o ?n ?? ??ay ??e????a y????: y?
??? n ???i.

II. N???? ?e ???a e ???? ? ?o.

1. What from is academic discipline old as the human race?

Economics is as old as the human race.

2. When was published the first major book on economics Adam Smith’s?

The first major book on economics Adam Smith’s was published in 1776.

3. What kind aspect to almost we care to mention of education?

The economic aspect to almost any topic we care to mention of education.

III. I????a ??oth?a ?????y, ???y ? ??????? ?????y e ? ?????a.

1. Can anybody show me the way to the station?

I?? ?i-??aeue ???? ?a ?? e ???e.

2. He didn’t try to do anything.

Ii ? ???y ???ue ?i-???.

3. The commission has found nothing wrong.

E???y ? ??a ???o ???????.

IV. Ae?? ??? ??? ? ??oth?a ???u.

1. Can you see anything though the window?

I can see something thought the window.

2. Will you bring any English newspaper tomorrow?

No, s can’t do that. I can’t bring any English newspaper tomorrow.

3. Do you know any French words?

No, I don’t know French words.

4. Is there any picture in your room?

There is not any picture in my room.

V. I????a ??oth?a ?????y ? ???e y?e, ???y ???? ? ???? ?????a ?????y

1. You will get good results if you apply this method of calculation.

Ou ??? ???? ???? ????o, ???ea y?o ??ae ???a.

2. If he had taken a taxi, he would have come on time.

A?e ? ? ?ye ??e, ? ?a ? ???? ???y.

3. If the speed of the body were 16 km per second, it would leave the
solar system.

A?e ???? ?? 16 ?. A ???o, ? ?i ??o ???? ????th ???o.

N??e ?????? ?????:

1. ???i-?a???e ???ue. – Ii.: A???ue, OO, 306n. 1991.

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