Na?a?e EINOTHE
I??i?eoaoiee iai?yi ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie
Anooiath/e a OO? noie?ooy ? a iiaa oeny/ie?ooy ?a?iiaeoe? ia?aai?oathoue
iiao noi??ieo nai?? ?noi???. sseei aoaea ?a?iia iaeaooiueiai: eiioeiaio,
i?iiecaiee i?ioe??//yie i?ae aeaiia-o?ueiia «?a?iiaie», /e ni?aaae?
«Ni?eueiee ?a?iiaenueeee Ae?i»? sseo ?ieue a caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeiio
i?ioean? aoaea a?ae?a?aaaoe Oe?a?ia? sseeie aoaeooue aca?ieie Oe?a?ie c
?a?iiaenueeei Nithcii o iiaiio noie?oo?? Aeooaeuei?noue oeeo ieoaiue ?
aaccaia?a/ia. Aiie caeiathoue iaeia c oeaio?aeueieo i?noeue a i?aoeyo
iaoeiaoe?a, i?ia?aiao iie?oe/ieo ia?o?e, a?iiaaenueeeo ia’?aeiaiue ?
?oo?a, aenooiao i?ia?aeieo iaoe?iiaeueieo iie?oee?a ? aea?aeaaieo
ae?y/?a, i?iaeoao CI?, a oaeiae o ?iciiaao ia?an?/ieo a?iiaaeyi. ? oi/a
a?aeiia?ae? ia ieo aeanoue iaeaooi?, iaiao?aei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy
aiae?oe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ? i?iaiicoaaiiy aeiaaa? aaea nueiaiaeaiiy.
O noaoo? aaoi? aeoeaioo? oaaao ia aca?ieiao Oe?a?ie c ?N, ?iaeoue ni?iao
i?iaiae?coaaoe ae?aeia i?ae Oe?a?iith oa ?N, ca /an i?aceaeainoaa
Eaii?aea Eo/ie, a oaeiae i?aaia aeiaanoe iaiao?aei?noue iiaeaeueoi?
?ioaa?aoe?? iaoi? aea?aeaae aei caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeeo no?oeoo? acaaae?,
caeeaeaiiy, a a ia?niaeoea? – ? anooi aei ?N, cie?aia.
Aieiai? ?ene iiai? ?a?iie aoee caeeaaeai? naia a noie?oo? ui ieia?.
Iaeia ?c iaeoa?aeoa?i?oeo – ?ioaa?aoe?ei? i?ioeane o ?? iie?oe/iiio,
aeiiii?/iiio, nioe?aeueiiio ? eoeueoo?iiio aeeoo?, ui iaaoee iioe?aiiy o
e?a?iao Cao?aeii? ?a?iie i?ney cae?i/aiiy Ae?oai? na?oiai? a?eie oa
iaa?aee iiaeo iaa?o?a c iaae?iiyi «cae?cii? caa?ne» ? ?aaiethoe?eieie
ci?iaie o e?a?iao Oeaio?aeueii? ? No?aeii? ?a?iie iai?ee?ioe? 80-o
ii/aoeo 90-o ?ie?a. ssne?aaee ac??aoeue oni?oieo i?ioean?a ?ioaa?aoe??
oa eiiia?aoe?? ?a?iiaenueeeo e?a?i – ?a?inithc. Aeey aaaaoueio, ?N – oea
“?a?inoaiaea?oe” aeaiie?ao?? oa aeiiii?/iiai i?ioea?oaiiy, nioe?aeueiiai
aeaaiiieo//y ? iniaenoi? naiaiaee a?iiaaeyieia. Ia caaeeaethth/enue a
?noi??th cacia/aii, ui ia nueiaiaei?oi?e aeaiue aei ?N aoiaeeoue 15
e?a?i eiioeiaioo. No?aoaa?y ?N ni?yiiaaia ia ?ioaa?aoe?th a iie?oe/i?e,
oi?aiaaeueii-aeiiii?/i?e, a?enueeia?e, iaoeia?e ? eoeueoo?i?e noa?ao.
I?ia?aei? iie?oeee ? iaoeiaoe? aaaaeathoue ui naia ?N aoaea aecia/aoe
iaee//y ?a?iie OO? noie?ooy. “?a?iiaenueeee Nithc – oea iaea??oa ?a?iia,
yeo o?eueee iiaeia nia? oyaeoe – yeui ia a?aoe aei oaaae an? ?io?
“?a?iie”, ye? aaea aoei aei?iaiaaii i?ioyaii noie?oue”, – aeo/ii
ia?ao?acoaaa neiaa O. *a?/?eey uiaei aeaiie?ao?? a?eoainueeee ?noi?ee ?
ienueiaiiee O?iio? Aa?oii Ao [1]. Ooo aaoi? iiae?ey? aeoieo oeueiai
iaoeiaoey, yeee aaaaea?, ui ?a?inithc i?a ae noaoe iiaeaeeth aeey
?ioaa?aoe?? ? eiiia?aoe?? iacaeaaeieo aea?aeaa. Iai Ao c oeueiai
i?eaiaeo cacia/a? ui ?a?iia a 2010 ?ioe? “iiaeiia noaoe ?noi?e/ii iiaith
?inoeoooe?eiith ia?aaeath c aeecueei 25 aea?aeaa, ye? ia’?aeiaeeny a
?a?iiaenueeee Nithc, ? ua aeanyoe e?a?i, ye? iaee ae noaoon eaiaeeaeao?a
/e anioe?eiaaieo /eai?a” [2]. ? ni?aaae?, ?N iaia/a oie iiooaeiee iaai?o
i?eoyao? aei naaa e?a?ie Oeaio?aeueii? ? No?aeii? ?a?iie. Aiaeii/an,
?icoe?aiiy ?N ia No?ae ? iaeiei ?c aieiaieo caaaeaiue ?a?iiaenueei?
eii?n??. ?a?iio aac ?iciiae?eue/eo e?i?e i?aaia aa/eoe a?eueo?noue
?a?iiaeoe?a. A oeueiio eiioaeno? I?aceaeaio ?a?iiaenueei? Eii?n?? ?iiaii
I?iae? cacia/ea, ui “aia?oa, c /ano iaae?iiy ?einueei? ?iia???, ie ia?ii
ciiao ia’?aeiaoe ?a?iio”[3]. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie ?noi?e/iiai nai?oo
?a?iiaenueeiai Nithco, ui a?aeaoany 10-11 a?oaeiy 1999 ?ieo a Aaeuen?ie?
/enei iioaioe?eieo eaiaeeaeao?a ia anooi aei ?N ca?eueoeeinue aei
o?eiaaeoeyoe (!). ?a?iiaeoe? e ni?aaae? ua i?eiee ia aoee ua oae
aeecueei a?ae iaoe i?i ia’?aeiaiiy ?a?iie, a ?a?iiaenueeee Nithc a?ae
iiaeeeaino? ia?aoai?eoenue ?c “cao?aeii?a?iiaenueei?” o
“caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeo” no?oeoo?o, a a?aeoae, iaiiaieoe naith iacao
?aaeueiei ci?noii. Ioaea, iaeaaaeeea?oa caaaeaiiy, yea noiyoeia ia?aae
?a?iiaeoeyie a iiaiio noie?oo? – aoae?aieoeoai ia’?aeiaii?, noaa?eueii?
? i?ioea?oath/i? ?a?iie. Inoaiith aeineoue neeaaeii oyaeoe aac Oe?a?ie,
aaeaea oe?a?ioe? caaaeaee aoee, ? ? aoaeooue ?a?iiaeoeyie. Oe?eeii
caeiiii??ii, ui i’yoa ca ianaeaiiyi oa ia?oa ca oa?eoi???th ia
?a?iiaenueeiio eiioeiaio? Oe?a?inueea aea?aeaaa aeieeaaeaoeia an?o
coneeue, uia caeiyoe iaeaaeia i?noea a ?a?ii? iaeaooiueiai. A?ae?aco
ne?ae caoaaaeeoe, ui ?a?iia – oea ia o?eueee ?N.
Aaoi?eoao e?a?ie ia i?aeia?iaei?e a?ai? caeaaeeoue aieiaiei /eiii a?ae
?acoeueoao?a ?? ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee. Aeaaaeaia, i?aaiaoe/ia,
?aoe?iiaeueia ? aeaeaeiaeyaeia ciai?oiy iie?oeea noai?th? ia?aaeoiiae
aeey i?enei?aiiy iie?oe/iiai, aeiiii?/iiai ? nioe?aeueiiai ?icaeoeo
e?a?ie. “Aaaaoiaaeoi?i?noue” eaaeeoue a iniia? ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee
Oe?a?ie, ine?eueee oe?a?inueea aea?aeaaa ia? ?ioa?ane ? ia Caoiae? ? ia
Noiae?. Ne?eueee a ia aoei i?ioeaiee?a oaeiai eo?no, a?i i?inoi
iaiao?aeiee aeey Oe?a?ie ia aeaiiio aoai?, ine?eueee aeicaiey?
i?aeo?eioaaoe aeia?inon?aenuee? a?aeiineie c on?ia aea?aeaaaie, aa?aioo?
aea?aeaaio aaciaeo oa caaacia/o? ?icoi?iiy ? i?aeo?eieo caieo na?oiaiai
ni?aoiaa?enoaa. I?e oeueiio, aeoiaey/e c iaoe?iiaeueieo ?ioa?an?a ia
i?aeia?iaei?e a?ai?, aa?o/e aei oaaae ?noi?e/io o?aaeeoe?th, aaia?ao?/io
oa oeea?e?caoe?eio aeecuee?noue c ?a?iiith oa a?aoiaoth/e ?yae ?ioeo
oaeoi??a, Oe?a?ia c?iaeea na?e “?a?iiaenueeee aea??”. Ca aoaeue-yeeo
oiia – “?a?iiaenueeee aaeoi?” oe?a?inueei? aeeieiiao?? ? i??i?eoaoiei.
Iaoa aea?aeaaa caeia? aaino?aoaa?/io ?ieue a Oeaio?aeueii-No?aei?e
?a?ii?. Ca aeineoue ei?ioeee ia??iae /ano, ui i?ieoia c /ano
i?iaieioaiiy iacaeaaeiino? Oe?a?ie a 1991 ?ioe?, e?a?ia, caaaeyee
aeoeai?e o/ano? o ae??oaii? caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeeo i?iaeai ia o?eueee
ooaa?aeeeanue ia i?aeia?iaei?e a?ai?, aea e noaea iaeiei ?c
?aa?iiaeueieo e?aea??a. Oe?a?ia – iiaiii?aaiee o/aniee oaeeo
i?aeia?iaeieo i?aai?caoe?e ? ?aa?iiaeueieo ooai?aiue ye III, IAN?, ??,
Oe??, i?aai?caoe?y *AN, NIAe, AOOAI oa ?i. Iiaeaii aiaaiaii neacaoe ui
Oe?a?ia ? iaa?ae’?iiith neeaaeiaith iiaoaeiae iiai? ?a?iie OO? noie?ooy.
Aia?eeainueeee i?aceaeaio A?ee Ee?ioii i?ae /an iaae?eaenueeiai nai?oo
e?a?i IAOI a 1997 ?ioe? iacaaa Oe?a?io na?oeai ?a?iie, – iiai?,
aeaiie?aoe/ii? [4]. Oaeei /eiii, aa?o/e aei oaaae aeiaaioa?i?iia?
iaoe?iiaeuei? ?ioa?ane Oe?a?ie, ?ioaa?aoe?y aei ?a?iiaenueeeo no?oeoo?
aoaea aieiaiei /eiieeii, ui aecia/aoeia ciai?oith iie?oeeo aea?aeaae o
iaeaooiueiio. A Iinoaiia? Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie I?i “Iniiai? iai?yiee
ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie”, i?eeiyoith Aa?oiaiith ?aaeith Oe?a?ie a
1993 ?ioe?, i?aee?aneththoueny, ui ia?niaeoeaiith iaoith oe?a?inueei?
ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee ? /eainoai o ?a?iiaenueeeo Ni?aoiaa?enoaao, a
oaeiae ?ioeo cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeo aai caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeeo no?oeoo?ao
[5].
Aecia/ia ?ieue o i?ioean? “iiaa?iaiiy Oe?a?ie aei ?a?iie” iaeaaeeoue
I?aceaeaioai Oe?a?ie: Eaii?aeia? E?aa/oeo (1991-1994) ? Eaii?aeia? Eo/i?
(1994-1999; 1999-). A?aeiia?aeii aei Eiinoeoooe?? Oe?a?ie (noaooy 106,
ioieo 3): “I?aceaeaio Oe?a?ie: i?aaenoaaey? aea?aeaao a i?aeia?iaeieo
a?aeiineiao, cae?enith? ea??aieoeoai ciai?oiueiiie?oe/iith ae?yeuei?noth
aea?aeaae, aaaea ia?aaiai?e oa oeeaaea? i?aeia?iaei? aeiaiai?e Oe?a?ie”
[6]. Eaii?ae E?aa/oe aoa ia?oei oe?a?inueeei e?aea?ii, yeee i?ney
i?iaieioaiiy iacaeaaeiino? Oe?a?ie a 1991 ?ioe?, “i?i?oaaa a?eii” a
?a?iio. “?a?iiaenueeee aaeoi?” oe?a?inueei? aeeieiiao?? aoa nea?iaaiee
aieiaiei /eiii a a?e ni?ai?aoe? c ?a?iiaenueeei Nithcii. Aacoiiaii,
iaeaaaeeea?oith noi??ieith ae?aeiao Oe?a?ia-?N aoei i?aeienaiiy 16
/a?aiy 1994 ?ieo Oaiaee i?i ia?oia?noai oa ni?a?ia?oieoeoai i?ae
?a?iiaenueeei Nithcii ? Oe?a?iith (OIN). Oe?a?ia aoea ia?oith
?anioae?eith eieeoiueiai N?N?, yea i?aeienaea OIN. Oeae aeieoiaio caeeaa
iniiae aeey noaa?eueiiai iie?oe/iiai, aeiiii?/iiai ? eoeueoo?iiai
ae?aeiao i?ae aeaiia noi?iiaie, a oaeiae a?aee?ea Oe?a?i? oeyo aei
iaaoooy anioe?eiaaiiai /eainoaa a ?N. Aaaeeeaei aeinyaiaiiyi ia?oiai
I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie aoei e oa, ui Oe?a?ia cayaeea i?i naaa ye i?i
noaa?aiio, iacaeaaeio aea?aeaao, naiino?eiee noa’?eo i?aeia?iaeieo
a?aeiinei.
Ianooiiee ainiiaea? Ia???inueeiai iaeaoeo – Eaii?ae Eo/ia, ia o?eueee ia
ci?iea no?aoaa?th ciai?oiueiiie?oe/ii? ae?yeueiino? Oe?a?ie, ia
aeeaey/enue ia a?ae/ooio iiiceoe?th caieo e?aeo nee o Aa?oiai?e ?aae?,
aea e iaaeaa i?ioeania? ?a?iiaenueei? ?ioaa?aoe?? Oe?a?ie iiaeo iaa?o?a.
Naia caaaeyee ??oo/ei ae?yi I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie Eaii?aea Eo/ie, oaiie
?ioaa?aoe?? Oe?a?ie aei caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeeo no?oeoo? cia/ii
aeoea?coaaeenue. No?aoaa?/iith iaoith Oe?a?ie i?iaieioaii iiaiii?aaia
/eainoai a ?a?iiaenueeiio Nithc?. Ae?aeia Oe?a?ie c ?N iiaeeaeany a on?o
iai?yieao. Noaei i/aaeaeiei, ui Oe?a?ia aoaea aeieeaaeaoe an?o coneeue
ia oeyoo iiaa?iaiiy o ?a?iiaenueeo n?i’th. Na?aae oe?ei? iecee caoiae?a,
i?iaaaeaieo aaei?i?no?aoe??th I?aceaeaioa, aeae?eeii iaeaieiai?o?.
Oae, 7 ethoiai 1995 ?ieo I?aceaeaioii caoaa?aeaeaii Oeac “I?i caoiaee
uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa Oe?a?ie c ?a?iiaenueeei Nithcii”
[7].
30 eenoiiaaea 1995 ?ieo E. Eo/ia nai?i Oeacii Oei/aniao Oaiaeo i?i
oi?a?aeth oa ieoaiiy iia’ycai? c oi?a?aeath i?ae Oe?a?iith ? ?N,
i?aeienaio a A?thnnae? 1 /a?aiy 1995 ?ieo [8]. Oey Oaiaea iaaeaea
Oe?a?i? ?aaeei iaea?eueoiai ni?eyiiy a ?icaeoeo oi?aiai-aeiiii?/ieo
ca’yce?a c ?N aei iaaoooy /eiiino? OIN i?ae Oe?a?iith oa ?N.
Iaiao?aeii caoaaaeeoe, ui ?N i?eeia? aeoeaio o/anoue o iae?io?iainia?e
i?aeo?eioe? Oe?a?ie. Eeoa ca i?ia?aiith OAN?S c 1996 ii 1999 ?p. Oe?a?ia
io?eiaea aeiiiiiao a?ae ?N o noi? a?eueoa ECU 500 iei.
Caoaa?aeaeaiy 20 a?oaeiy 1996 ?ieo a A?thnnae? “Ieaio ae?e ?N uiaei
Oe?a?ie” oa i?eeiyooy Iaii?aiaeoio i?i ii?icoi?iiy i?ae Oe?a?iith ? ?N
aoee aaaeeeaeie e?ieaie aeainoi?iiiuei? ni?ai?aoe?. Oe? aeieoiaioe
aecia/eee no?aoaa?th iiaeaeueoeo aeainoi?iii?o aca?iei, oiiae iaaeaiiy
o?aio e?aaeeo?a Oe?a?i?, ia?aiao?e e?aa?ae?caoe?? oe?a?inueei? oi?a?ae?,
?aoi?ie o o?iainiaiio naeoi??, iiaeaeueoa i?eaaoecaoe?y oa ?i.
?c a?aee?eooyi a aa?aci? 1997 ?ieo o Ee?a? Aeieoiaioaoe?eiiai Oeaio?o
?N, oe?a?ioe? “a?ae/oee” aaciina?aaeith i?enooi?noue oe??? no?oeoo?e o
aeani?e aea?aeaa?.
21 ea?oiy 1997 ?ieo E. Eo/ia aeaeaa ua iaeei aaaeeeaee aeieoiaio – Oeac
“I?i caoiaee uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio aca?iiae?? c ?N oa eiai
aeeiiaa/eie i?aaiaie” [9].
5 aa?aniy 1997 ?ieo o Ee?a? i?ioiaeea ia?oee nai?o Oe?a?ia – ?N, ia
yeiio noi?iie iaaieineee ia aaaeeeaino? ?aoeo?eaoe?? OIN i?ae Oe?a?iith
? ?N an?ia e?a?iaie ?a?inithco, iaaiai?eee oeyoe iiaeieaiiy iane?aee?a
aaa??? ia *AAN, ni?ai?aoeth a oi?aiaaeueii-aeiiii?/i?e, o?iainia?e oa
?ioeo noa?ao aeainoi?iii?o a?aeiinei.
I?iaeoeoeaieie o aca?iia?aeiineiao Oe?a?ie c ?a?inithcii aoee 1998 ?
1999 ?iee. 24 ethoiai 1998 ?ieo I?aceaeaio i?aeienaa Oeac “I?i
caaacia/aiiy aeeiiaiiy Oaiaee i?i ia?oia?noai oa ni?a?ia?oieoeoai c ?N ?
aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa c ?N”. 1 aa?aciy 1998 ?ieo
OIN anooieea a ae?th, i?ney ?? ?aoeo?eaoe?? on?ia ia?eaiaioaie
e?a?i-/eai?a ?N. I?eiaa?aeii ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui Aa?oiaia ?aaea Oe?a?ie
?aoeo?eoaaea OIN ua 10 ethoiai 1994 ?ieo. Oe?a?i?, a neeo oeo /e ?ioeo
i?e/ei, aeiaaeinue /aeaoe aae /ioe?e ?iee ia ?iieaiaioaoe?th a ae?th
oeueiai aaaeeeaiai aeieoiaioo. Oea yne?aaee i?eeeaae neeaaeiiai ?
aeiaaio?eaaeiai i?ioeano “iiaa?iaiiy Oe?a?ie aei ?a?iie”. Oaiaeith
ia?aaeaa/aii noai?aiiy ?aaee Ni?ai?aoe? ? Ia?eaiaionueei? Eii?n??
Oe?a?ia – ?N, a oaeiae aaaaeaiiy aeeiiaa/iai Eii?oaoo c ieoaiue
ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa i?ae Oe?a?iith oa ?N. E??i aaea cacia/aieo ia?aaaa OIN
aeaea iiooiao aeainoi?iii?e ni?ai?aoe? o oi?aiaaeueii-aeiiii?/i?e noa??.
8-9 /a?aiy 1998 ?ieo o Ethenaiao?c? a?aeaoeiny ?iaaao?aoe?eia can?aeaiiy
?aaee c ieoaiue ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa Oe?a?ie c ?N, ia yeiio I?ai’??-i?i?no?
Oe?a?ie c?iaea iie?oe/io cayao uiaei i?aaiaiiy Oe?a?ie iaaooe
anioe?eiaaiiai noaoono a ?N. C?icoi?ei, ui i? ?N, i? Oe?a?ia ua ia aoee
aeinoaoiuei aioiaeie aei oaeiai e?ieo.
11 /a?aiy 1998 ?ieo, a?aeiia?aeii aei Oeaco I?aceaeaioa, aoea
caoaa?aeaeaia “No?aoaa?y ?ioaa?aoe?? Oe?a?ie aei ?a?iiaenueeiai Nithco”
[10]. Ianooiiei e?ieii a oeueiio iai?yi? noaei noai?aiiy Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
aaaionoaa c ?aeiino?oeoe?? oa ?a?iiaenueei? ?ioaa?aoe??.
16 aeiaoiy 1998 ?ieo o A?aei? a?aeaoany ae?oaee nai?o Oe?a?ia – ?N, ui
noaa eeth/iaith iiae??th aeainoi?iii?o a?aeiinei. I?aceaeaio Oe?a?ie oa
ea??aieoeoai ?N aeinyaee aeiiiaeaiino? uiaei aea/aiiy ?N iiaeeeaino?
ii/aoeo eiinoeueoaoe?e i?i noai?aiiy ciie a?eueii? oi?a?ae? i?ae
Oe?a?iith oa ?N. ?N i?aeo?eiaa oe?a?inueeee aa??aio o?aiceoo
eani?enueei? iaooe aei Cao?aeii? ?a?iie. Ia nai?o? noi?iie oaeiae
i?aeoaa?aeeee iai?? uiaei aeeiiaiiy Iaii?aiaeoio i?i aca?ii?icoi?iiy
a?ae 1995 ?ieo i?i iaaeaiiy ?N e?aaeeoo aeey o?iainoaaiiy caaa?oaiiy
4-ai oa 2-ai aia?aiaeie?a ??aiainueei? ? Oiaeueieoeueei? AAN oa
i?iaeiaaeeee iaaiai?aiiy ieoaiue uiaei ca?eueoaiiy ?iaanoeoe?e a Oe?a?io
oa onoiaiiy ia?aoeiae ? iaiaaeaiue aeey oe?a?inueeeo ae?iaiee?a ia
?eieao ?N [11]. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie nai?oo, o ni?eueiiio eiithi?ea aeey
i?ane, nueiaiaei?oi?e noai aeainoi?iii?o a?aeiinei i?ae Oe?a?iith oa ?N
aoei ioa?aeoa?eciaaii ye “oi?eaeueia ? no?aoaa?/ia ia?oia?noai” [12].
5 eenoiiaaea 1998 ?ieo a?aeaoeiny ia?oa can?aeaiiy ni?eueiiai Eii?oaoo c
ieoaiue ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa Oe?a?ia – ?N.
26 ea?oiy 1999 ?ieo o Ethenaiao?c? a?aeaoeiny ae?oaa can?aeaiiy ?aaee c
ieoaiue ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa Oe?a?ie c ?N.
VI nai?o I?aceaeaio?a e?a?i Oeaio?aeueii? ? No?aeii? ?a?iie, ui
i?ioiaeea 14-15 o?aaiy 1999 ?ieo o Eueaia? aoa aecia/iith iiae??th o
iia?oi?e ?noi??? Oe?a?ie. ?icaoaeiaa ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa c e?a?iaie /eaiaie
aai eaiaeeaeaoaie ia /eainoai a ?N – aaaeeeaee aeaiaio ciai?oiuei?
iie?oeee Oe?a?ie. C /an?a ei?iey Aeaieea Aaeeoeueeiai o Aaee/ei? ia
a?aeaoaaeiny caoiae?a oaeiai ianooaao. Noiaea Aaee/eia ciiao io?eiaea
iiaeeea?noue a?ae?a?aaaoe ?ieue “a?eia ia cao?ae””. E?aea?e 8 aea?aeaa
cina?aaeeee naith oaaao ia oai? “Ethaenueeee aei?? ?a?iiaenueei? ?
?aa?iiaeueii? ?ioaa?aoe?? oa eiai ?ieue o aoae?aieoeoa? iiai? ?a?iie”.
Aaaeeeaei aeyaeeinue ni?eueia aa/aiiy oeaio?aeueii ?a?iiaenueeiai
eiioeiaioo, – cayaea Eaii?ae Eo/ia, – a oaeiae iai??e ?ioaa?oaaoeny aei
?a?iiaenueeiai Nithco, ?ioeo ?a?iiaenueeeo ? o?ainaoeaioe/ieo no?oeoo?,
ui aea? iai? iiaia i?aai ia noii?aaoeny a oni?oiino? ia?oia?noaa i?ae
iaoeie e?a?iaie ? ia?iaeaie” [13].
Aieiaiith i?iaeaiith o?aoueai nai?o? “Oe?a?ia-?N”, yeee i?ioiaeea o
eeii? 1999 ?ieo a noieeoe? Oe?a?ie, aoei iaaiai?aiiy aeiaaioa?i?iiai?
No?aoaa?? ?N uiaei Oe?a?ie, yeo ?a?inithc caieaioaaa i?eeiyoe a a?oaei?.
Iaia/a iiaea?oieii aei Aeiy Iacaeaaeiino? aoa ia?oee o?aio-e?aaeeo a?ae
?N a noi? 58 iei. ?a?i, yeee Oe?a?ia, a?aeiia?aeii aei iiia?aaei?o
aeiiiaeaiinoae, io?eiaea 30 eeiiy 1999 ?ieo [14].
?aaoey?ii i?ioiaeyoue cono??/? Oe?a?ia – O??eea ?N ia ??cieo ??aiyo, aea
iaaiai?ththoueny aeooaeuei? ieoaiiy aeainoi?iii?o a?aeiinei ?
i?aeia?iaeiiai aeeooy oa iiaiaeaeothoueny ni?euei? i?aeoiaee aei
ae??oaiiy ie?aieo i?iaeai.
Ea??aieoeoai aea?aeaae, a?aoiaoth/e aaino?aoaa?/ia ? aaiaeiiii?/ia
noaiiaeua Oe?a?ie, aaaaoi oaaae i?eae?ey? ?icaeoeia? noa?aa?iiaeueiiai
ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa – iaa?ae’?iii? neeaaeiai? ?a?i?ioaa?aoe??. Iieaciaith,
a oeueiio ieai?, ? iie?oeea Oe?a?ie a ?aa?ii? *i?iiai ii?y. Naia oeae
?aa?ii aenooia? aeey Oe?a?ie oei eeth/ai, yeei iiaeia a?ae/eieoe aeaa??
ye aei ?a?iie oae ? aei Ac?? ? nei?enoaoeny ia?aaaaaie aeaio
oeea?e?caoe?e. Ia?niaeoeaiith aeey Oe?a?ie aoaea oaeiae aeoea?caoe?y
ae?yeueiino? a ?aieao i?aai?caoe?? *AN oa ia’?aeiaii? AOOAI. I?eeeaaeii
iiaea neoaoaaoe I?aeia?iaeia eiioa?aioe?y “Aaeoi-*i?iiii?nueea
ni?a?ia?oieoeoai: aei ?ioaa?iaaii? ?a?iie OO? noie?ooy aac
?iciiae?eue/eo e?i?e”, i?iaaaeaia 10-11 aa?aniy 1999 ?ieo a i. sseoa, ca
?i?oe?aoeaith I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie. A eiioa?aioe?? acyee o/anoue
i?aaenoaaieee 21-? e?a?ie aaeoi-/i?iiii?nueeiai ?aa?iio, a oaeiae aino?
?c e?a?i Cao?aeii? ?a?iie, NOA, ?N, IAN?, *AN ?ioeo i?aeia?iaeieo
i?aai?caoe?e. A ni?euei?e caya?, i?eeiyo?e ca ?acoeueoaoaie eiioa?aioe??
o/anieee iaaieineee ia iaiao?aeiino? iiaoaeiae ia’?aeiaii? ?a?iie OO?
noie?ooy aac ?icae?ethaaeueieo e?i?e, iiaeeaeaiiy ni?ai?aoe? o
iie?oe/i?e, aeiiii?/i?e, aoiai?oa?i?e oa aaciaeia?e noa?ao e?a?i
eiioeiaioo [15].
Aaeeeei oni?oii oe?a?inueei? aeeieiiao?? aoei ia?aiiy Oe?a?ie
iaiino?eiei /eaiii ?aaee Aaciaee III ia 2000-2001 ??. Oey iiae?y
i?aee?aneeea aaaeeeao ?ieue iaoi? aea?aeaae o i?aeo?eiaii? aaciaee ?
noaa?eueiino? ia o?eueee a ?a?ii?, aea e ia iao?e ieaiao?.
An? cacia/ai? aeua e?iee na?ae/aoue i?i na?eici?noue iai???a Oe?a?ie
uiaei iiaeaeueoi? ?ioaa?aoe?? “a ?a?iio”. Iaoa aea?aeaaa ana neeuei?oa
nooea? a aeaa?? ?N.
Ciai?oiy iie?oeea iiaeiia ao?ethaaoe i?aaiaiiy ? ianoaiiae nai?o
a?iiaaeyi, oiio iaaaaeaiiy nioe?ieia?/ieo aeaieo uiaei
ciai?oiiiie?oe/ii? i???ioaoe?? a?iiaaeyi Oe?a?ie, aea? ciiao ii??aiyoe
ae?? ea??aieoeoaa aea?aeaae ia i?aeia?iaei?e a?ai? ?c niiae?aaiiyie ??
ianaeaiiy.
CIAI?OIUeIIIE?OE*I? I???IOAOe?? A?IIAAessI OE?A?IE
“*e ? aaaeeeaei aeey oe?a?inueeiai noni?euenoaa i???ioaoe?y ia
caeeaeaiiy
?c cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeie e?a?iaie ?”, (%) OAE – 59 I? – 18
?AA?II I?IAEEAAIIss:
CAO?Ae
OeAIO?
I?AI?*
NO?Ae
I?AAeAIUe
A? E?EI
I. EE?A
OAE 73 53 61 58 45 27 78
I? 7 14 17 22 29 39 9
IAOe?IIAEUeI?NOUe:
A?E, ?IE?A:
??AAIUe AeIA?IAOOO:
Oe?a?ioe? ?in?yie 16-35 36-55 56-70 Aeoaea iecueeee
Iecueeee Ieae/ee ca
na?aaei?e Na?aaei?e Aeuee ca na?aaei?e
OAE 61 52 71 57 38 47 57 63 68 75
I? 16 25 10 19 23 24 20 18 12 4
“*e ? aaaeeeaei aeey oe?a?inueeiai noni?euenoaa ?aeiaiiy
no?aeiineia’yinueeeo aea?aeaa – Oe?a?ie, ?in?? ? A?ei?on? ?”, (%) OAE –
53 I? – 29
?AA?II I?IAEEAAIIss:
CAO?Ae
OeAIO?
I?AI?*
NO?Ae
I?AAeAIUe
A? E?EI
I. EE?A
OAE 16 56 53 69 59 81 34
I? 61 21 30 18 17 7 50
IAOe?IIAEUeI?NOUe:
A?E, ?IE?A:
??AAIUe AeIA?IAOOO:
Oe?a?ioe? ?in?yie 16-35 36-55 56-70 Aeoaea iecueeee
Iecueeee Ieae/ee ca
na?aaei?e Na?aaei?e Aeuee ca na?aaei?e
OAE 46 73 43 59 61 63 53 49 49 35
I? 34 15 35 26 24 20 31 32 32 38
Iaaaaeaii eeoa aa??aioe a?aeiia?aeae “Oae” aai “I?”
Ca aeaieie anaoe?a?inueeiai ?ai?acaioaoeaiiai iieooaaiiy i?iaaaeaiiai
Oe?a?inueeei ?inoeoooii nioe?aeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue ? Oeaio?ii
“Nioe?aeueiee iii?oi?eia” [16].
Ca ?acoeueoaoaie iieooaaiiy, aaaaoueia ?aniiiaeaioaie oe? aeaa iiaeeeaeo
iai?yie ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee aea?aeaae ia ni?eeiathoueny ye
aeueoa?iaoeai?, ine?eueee a?eueo?noue c ieo aeneiaeeanue ye ca
caeeaeaiiy ?c cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeie e?a?iaie, oae ? ca ia’?aeiaiiy
o?ueio no?aeiineia’inueeeo aea?aeaa. Iaeiae i?eoeeueieee oeeo aeaio
ciai?oiueiiie?oe/ieo iai?yie?a ?noioii a?ae??ciythoueny ca ??aiai
iaoa??aeueiiai aeia?iaooo, iaoe?iiaeuei?noth ? a?eii. Ia?niaeoeae
iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo Oe?a?ie o Nithc? c ?in??th oa A?ei?onnth
ni?eeiathoueny na?aae ianaiia?aae iaea?eueo ciaaeieaieo aa?noa
ianaeaiiy, a?iiaaeyi iioeeiai a?eo, aoi?/ieo ?in?yi. I?eoeeueieeaie
iacaeaaeiino? e?a?ie c i???ioaoe??th ia Cao?aeio ?a?iio ? ianaiia?aae
iieiae? ethaee a?eii aei 35 ?ie?a, oe?a?ioe? ca iaoe?iiaeuei?noth,
ii??aiyii iaiiaaii iaoa??aeueii caaacia/ai? ethaee. I?i?a?iiaenueeo
iie?oeeo a aaniethooi?e a?eueoino? i?aeo?eiothoue eeoa cao?aei? oa
/anoeiai oeaio?aeuei? iaeano? Oe?a?ie, a a no?aeieo oa i?aaeaiieo
iaeanoyo iaoi? e?a?ie ?nio? aaaaoi i?ioeaiee?a. A noaoo? a?aeiiiai
oeaeiaaeea Ohe Economist, i?enay/ai?e aeine?aeaeaiith noaio e?a?i ?a?iie
i?ney aeanyoee?ooy, i?ney iaae?iiy eiioi?cio, ni?aaaaeeeai caoaaaeaii:
“Cao?aeia Oe?a?ia ci?uo? oeaio? oyae?iiy nai?? aea?aeaae ia Cao?ae”
[17]. Aea iieaciee i?aeo?eiee a?iiaaeyiaie Oe?a?ie “?a?iiaenueeiai
aaeoi?o” ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee e?a?ie ia? oaiaeaioe?th aei c?inoaiiy.
Ioaea, ?a?iiaenueea ?aeay iiaea noaoe eiinie?aeoth/ei oaeoi?ii
oe?a?inueeiai noni?euenoaa, a oea aaaeeoue aaaaoi. Aiia oaeiae iiaeiia
caiiaieoe oie aaeooi, yeee ooai?eany o na?aeiiino? a?iiaaeyi, i?ney
e?aoo ?aea? “na?oeiai iaeaooiueiai”.
C o?aooaaiiyi o??? ianoaaeie, ui iaeaooi? ni?yioaaiiy ciai?oiuei?
iie?oeee Oe?a?ie, aecia/aoeia oaia??oi? iieiaea iieie?iiy, iiaeia
noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui i???ioaoe?y ia ?aeiaiiy ? ni?a?ia?oieoeoai c
cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeie aea?aeaaaie o ia?niaeoea? noaiiaeoeia iniiaiee
ci?no ciai?oiueiiie?oe/ieo coneeue Oe?a?ie. I?ooi ia aoaea caia?a/oaaoe,
ui ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue a?iiaaeyi Oe?a?ie aaaea? aeeoe a noaa?euei?e,
i?ioea?oath/?e, aeaiie?aoe/i?e, a a?aeoae, “?a?iiaenuee?e” Oe?a?i?.
??? aeai?e I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie i?aeoaa?aeeee ?a?iiaenueeee aea??
Oe?a?ie. Oaeoe/ii, Oe?a?ia aea?aea ia o?eueee I?aceaeaioa, a oie oeyo,
yeei eoeia aea?aeaaa o iiaiio noie?oo?. O ?ac? ia?aiiae e?aea?a
oe?a?inueeeo eiioi?no?a Iao?a Neiiiaiea aoee an? i?aenoaae i/?eoaaoe
ci?io “?a?iiaenueeiai aeai?o” iaoi? aea?aeaae “a?ei?onueeei”. I?aceaeaio
E. Eo/ia cacia/ea, ui aeai?e 14 eenoiiaaea 1999 ?ieo ? ia?aiiaa iaae
eiioi?noii I. Neiiiaieii i?aeoaa?aeeee “aeaiie?aoe/iee, ?a?iiaenueeee ?
?eieiaee oeyo ?icaeoeo Oe?a?ie” [18]. I?i oa, ui I?aceaeaio ? iaaeae?
aeio?eioaaoeianue ia?aiiai no?aoaa?/iiai eo?no ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee
iai/ii na?ae/eoue eiai ?iaaao?aoe?eia i?iiiaa, a ye?e “iiaee” Eaii?ae
Eo/ia iaaieinea ia ?a?iiaenueeiio aeai?? Oe?a?ie oa no?aoaa?/i?e iao?
e?a?ie – anooio aei ?a?iiaenueeiai Nithco. O nai?io Iineaii? aei
Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie – “Oe?a?ia: iinooi o OO? noie?ooy: No?aoaa?y
aeiiii?/iiai oa nioe?aeueiiai ?icaeoeo ia 2000-2004 ?iee” I?aceaeaio
Oe?a?ie, na?aae no?aoaa?/ieo i??i?eoao?a aea?aeaae 2000-2000 ??., aeio?a
iaaieinea ia ?a?iiaenueeiio aeai?? Oe?a?ie [19]. Aiae?coth/e ia?o?
caoiaee I?aceaeaioa, i/aaeaeii, ui ia?aae iaie iinoaa aaoi?eoaoiee
?a?iiaenueeee e?aea?, aioiaee aei ??oo/eo ae?e aeey ci?i ia e?aua.
A?aoiaoth/e oe? oa ?io? ianoaaeie, a Oe?a?ie aoee aaaii? i?aenoaae
i/?eoaaoe ia “iiceoeaiee neaiae i?i iiaeeeaa /eainoai” caieo ?N. Aea
aaea caaaeoaaiee a?oaeiaaee nai?o ?a?iiaenueeiai Nithco o Aaeuen?ie?
aeey Oe?a?ie, ia aeaeue, ?noi?e/iei ia noaa. Aea? oaee? iiaiai
?icoe?aiiy ?N aei Oe?a?ie ia aeieioyoueny. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie nai?oo, aei
Iieueu?, Oai?ueie, *ao??, Anoii??, Neiaai?? ? E?i?o, c yeeie aaea
aaaeooueny io?oe?ei? ia?aaiai?e i?i anooi, i?e?aeiaeenue Aieaa??y,
?oioi?y, Eaoa?y, Eeoaa, Neiaa//eia ? Iaeueoa. Noaoon io?oe?eiiai
eaiaeeaeaoa ia anooi aei ?N io?eiaea Oo?a//eia. A Oe?a?io a /a?ao aei ?N
iiee ui ia caienaee. Iaoii?noue, 10 a?oaeiy aoea i?eeiyoa No?aoaa?y ?N
uiaei Oe?a?ie, a ye?e ?N aecia? ?a?iiaenuee? i?aaiaiiy Oe?a?ie ? a?oa?
?? ?a?iiaenueeee aea??. Ia?oee aoai No?aoaa?? ?N ?ic?aoiaaiee ia
iaeaeeae/? /ioe?e ?iee ? ia?aaeaa/a? “iiaia ?aoi?ioaaiiy ?
aeaiie?aoecaoe?th oe?a?inueeiai noni?euenoaa”. Io?oe?eiee A?thnnaeue
iieeaa ia?aae Oe?a?iith ieceo aeineoue aei?noeeo oiia, aeeiiaiiy yeeo
ia?oey? iai aeiaeaoeia? a?aioe ? a?aeiiaeaiiy ae?aeiao i?i iiaeeeaa
i?e?aeiaiy Oe?a?ie aei oe??? i?aai?caoe??. Aieiaa i?aaenoaaieoeoaa
?a?iiaenueei? eii?n?? a Oe?a?i? Aiae?a Aaiaaa?aae iiyniea, yeeo ae?e
i/?eo? ?N a?ae Oe?a?ie a iaeaeeae/iio iaeaooiueiio. Ia eiai aeoieo,
ni?eueieie coneeeyie “ie iiaeii? iie?aueoe ?iaanoeoe?eiee ee?iao a
Oe?a?i?, aa?iii?coaaoe oe?a?inueea caeiiiaeaanoai, iaaanoe ii?yaeie c
iaeaaaeueieie i?a?aioaie ? ia?eia?cianii” [20]. Oaeei /eiii A?thnnaeue
aeaa c?icoi?oe Ee?ao, ui i?aenoaa aeey iaaeaiiy Oe?a?i? noaoono
anioe?eiaaiiai /eaia ?N iiee ui ia ia?. Iai Aaiaaa?aae cacia/ea, ui
?aeath anooio Oe?a?ie aei ?N ni?eeiathoue c ?icoi?iiyi, aea aeey ??
ao?eaiiy ua ia ianoaa /an [21]. Ia aeeaey/enue ia ?ic/a?oaaiiy, “Ie
ni?eeia?ii No?aoaa?th ?N uiaei Oe?a?ie, ye e?ie aia?aae” – cacia/ea a
iaeiiio c ?ioa?a’th I?i?no? caei?aeiiieo ni?aa Oe?a?ie A. Oa?anthe.
[22]. ICN ?icoe?ith? i?eeiyooy No?aoaa?? ?N ye “iie?oe/io i?aeo?eieo
“c?iaeaiiio e?a?iith aeai?o ? iiooaeiee neaiae, caeaoiee i?enei?eoe
aioo??oi? ia?aoai?aiiy a aea?aeaa?”. I?eeiyooy No?aoaa?? ?a?inithco ?
aaaeeeaei e?ieii aei io?eiaiiy iaoith aea?aeaaith anioe?eiaaiiai, a a
ia?niaeoea? – ? iiaiii?aaiiai /eainoaa a ?N. Oiio a?aeoaia? ae?aeia
Oe?a?ie c ?N aoaea aeeiai?/ieoei. “No?aoaa?y ?N ?icoe?th?
ni?a?ia?oieoeoai ?a?inithco ? Oe?a?ie ia oae? aaaeeea? noa?e, ye
ciai?oiy iie?oeea oa iie?oeea oa iie?oeea aaciaee, a oaeiae thnoeoe?y ?
aioo??oi? ni?aae”, – aiai?eoueny a caya? oe?a?inueeiai ICN [23]. Ia
cono??/? Oe?a?ia – O??eea ?N ia ??ai? i?i?no??a caei?aeiiieo ni?aa o
A?thnnae? a n?/i? 2000 ?ieo aoei i?aaenoaaeaii ieai ?aae?caoe??
ni?eueii? no?aoaa?? ?N uiaei Oe?a?ie, yea aoea i?eeiyoa ia
Aaeuen?inueeiio nai?o?. Ca neiaaie A. Oa?anthea, oeae ieai i?noeoue
eiie?aoi? aeaiaioe a noa?? i?aeo?eiee aeaiie?aoe/ieo i?ioean?a a
Oe?a?i?, aioo??oiuei? ? ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee, a oaeiae i?aaa. Ieai ae?e
ia?aaeaa/a? i?iaaaeaiiy eiinoeueoaoe?e c i?eaiaeo iiaeeeai? o?aineyoe??
a Oe?a?i? i?ia?ai “?a?iiuethc”. O oiae? i?an-eiioa?aioe?? o A?thnnae?
i?i?no? caei?aeiiieo ni?aa AEaeia Aaia cacia/ea, ui ?aae?caoe?y ieaio ?N
noaia “o?aiie?iii aeey iaeaooiueiai /eainoaa Oe?a?ie a ?N” ca oiiae
aeeiiaiiy Oe?a?iith “an?o i?iaieioaieo ?aoi?i” [24].
Iii?e an? oni?oe oe?a?inueei? aeeieiiao?? Oe?a?ia cia/ii
“cai?cith?oueny” o ?icaeoeo a?aeiinei c ?N, ii??aiyii ?c ?ioeie e?a?iaie
Oeaio?aeueii? ? No?aeii? ?a?iie, acaaae?, ? c nai?ie cao?aeieie
non?aeaie cie?aia, ye? aaea iiaeooue “caiiaeyoe eaeoee ia iioya aei
A?thnnaey”. A?eueo?noue i?e/ei iia?eueieo oaii?a ?a?i?ioaa?aoe?? Oe?a?ie
iathoue “oe?a?inueeee oa?aeoa?”. Aei oiai ae Oe?a?i? aeiaeathoue i?iaeai
?? non?aee. Iacaaa?ii a ian aoaeooue ei?aeiie c ?N ?, ne?ae aaea
nueiaiaei? iiaeaaoe i?i ?aaeei ia?aoeio oeeo ei?aeii?a a?iiaaeyiaie
Oe?a?ie, aaeaea an? ia?oeyiee Iieueu?, Oai?ueie Neiaa/eie ? *ao?? ia
cai?iaaaeaeoaaoe a?ciaee ?aaeei aeey a?iiaaeyi Oe?a?ie eeoa aei ii?e aei
/ano. Aaea naia iaiao?aei?noue i?eaaaeaiiy caeiiiaeaanoaa iaeaooi?o
/eai?a ?N o a?aeiia?aei?noue ?c ii?iaoeaieie aeoaie ?a?inithco noai?th?
?aaeueio caa?ico iiaoaeiae “iaia?iai? no?ie” aeey oe?a?ioe?a, a a?aeoae,
aenooia? nooo?aith ia?aoeiaeith aeey ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa. Oiae a iiaiio
noie?oo? Oe?a?ia ia? aaaaoi i?inoi?o, uiae aeiaanoe ?N, ui oe?a?ioe? ia
iaio? ?a?iiaeoe?, i?ae iieyee, /aoe /e oai?oe?.
Oi/a ?ioaa?aoe?y aei ?a?iiaenueeeo oa ?a?iaoeaioe/ieo no?oeoo? ?
i??i?eoaoii iaoi? aeeieiiao??, aiaeii/an, Oe?a?ia, ye iaeia ?c
caniiaieoeue NIAe, aenooia? ca ?icaeoie iaeoe?oeo ca’yce?a i?ae
e?a?iaie-o/anieoeyie ia canaaeao ??aiii?aaiino? ? aca?iiaeaiaee. sseui
aeey ?in?? ? A?ei?on? NIAe noaea ?ino?oiaioii ?ioaa?aoe??, oi aeey
Oe?a?ie oea eeoa can?a oeea?e?ciaaiiai ?iceo/aiiy. Aeey oa?aeoa?enoeee
noinoie?a Oe?a?ie c NIAe aei?a/ia aanei “Ni?a?ia?oieoeoai c NIAe, aea
?ioaa?aoe?y c ?N”. Na?aae aeainoi?iii?o a?aeiinei o ?aieao
e?a?i-o/anieoeue NIAe i??i?eoaoieie aeey Oe?a?ie ? aca?ieie ?c
?in?enueeith Oaaea?aoe??th. Ia aaaeeeaino? aaaaoiaaeoi?iino? ciai?oiuei?
iie?oeee, aea ?a?iiaenueeee aea?? Oe?a?ie ii?aeio?oueny ?c ci?oeiaiiyi
anaa?/ieo ca’yce?a c ?in??th, I?aceaeaio Oe?a?ie ua ?ac iaaieinea ia VI
Ia?aae? ea??aiee?a caei?aeiiieo onoaiia Oe?a?ie, ui a?aeaoeanue o Ee?a?
o eeii? 1999 ?ieo [25]. A o nai?io aenooi? ia?aae ea??aieeaie
aeeieiiaoe/ieo i?n?e 18 n?/iy 2000 ?ieo E. Ae. Eo/ia, ii?yae ?c
no?aoaa?/iith iaoith Oe?a?ie ia i?aeia?iaei?e a?ai? – anooio aei ?N,
cacia/ea: “iaoa ?a?iiaenueea iaeaooi? iaa?aeae?eueia a?ae no?aoaa?/iiai
ia?oia?noaa c ?in??th” [26]. Oe?a?ii-?in?enuee? a?aeiineie aecia/athoue
aaciaeo ia anueiio eiioeiaio?. ?in?y oaeiae ? iaea?eueoei oi?aiaei
ia?oia?ii Oe?a?ie. Oaeei /eiii, ?ioaa?aoe?y c ?a?iiith, ia icia/a?
aeac?ioaa?aoe?th c ?in??th.
Coneeey Oe?a?ie ia oeyoo ?ioaa?aoe?? aei ?N aoee a ia?ieie aac ?icoi?iiy
oa i?aeo?eiee c aieo NOA. A?eueoa oiai, aeineoue /anoi naia iiceoe?y NOA
nea?iao? Oe?a?io eoe oeyoii ?aoi?i oa ?ioaa?aoe?? aei ?a?iiaenueeeo oa
?a?iaoeaioe/ieo no?oeoo?. Aea?aenaeo?aoa? NOA Iaaeeai Iea?aeo iacaaea
Oe?a?io a /ene? i??i?eoaoieo e?a?i, yeei NOA iathoue i?eae?eyoe iniaeeao
oaaao e aeiiiiiao. Iea?aeo ia iacaaea ia’?i aeiiiiiae, yeee
aaei?i?no?aoe?y i?aceaeaioa NOA ieaio? aeae?eeoe. Ieioeiai ?ieo Oe?a?ia
io?eiaea $ 195 i?eueeii?a [27]. Iaeiei ?c aieiaieo caaaeaiue
oe?a?ii-aia?eeainueei? i?aeaea?aeaaii? eii?n?? “Eo/ia-Ai?” ? i?enei?aiiy
anooio Oe?a?ie aei ?a?iiaenueeiai Nithco, Na?oiai? I?aai?caoe?? Oi?a?ae?
oa ?ioeo ?a?iiaenueeeo ? o?ainaoeaioe/ieo no?oeoo?. Ni?eueia cayaa ?N oa
NOA uiaei Oe?a?ie, ooaaeaia o Aiii? 21 /a?aiy 1999 ?ieo, ni?eeiyoa a
Oe?a?i? iiceoeaii. Ona?aeiieaiiy iia?aeieie na?oiaeie aea?aeaaaie
no?aoaa?/ii? ?ie?, yeo a?ae?a?a? Oe?a?ia a nenoai? aaciaee ?
noaa?eueiino? oa aeneiaeaia o caya? ni?eueia i?aaiaiiy aei ni?eyiiy
?aae?caoe?? ?a?i?ioaa?aoe?eieo i?aaiaiue Oe?a?ie iiceoeaii aieeia ia
ae?iaeaiiy a?eueo iaaii? iie?oeee noiniaii Oe?a?ie, aiai?eoueny o caya?
i?an-neoaeae ICN Oe?a?ie [28].
Ia iiaeia iaieiooe i?e ?icaeyae? oaie “iiaa?iaiiy Oe?a?ie aei ?a?iie”
aca?ieie Oe?a?ie ?c IAOI oa eiai “?a?iiaenueeei noiaiii” – C?N. A
oe?eiio, a?aeiineie ?icaeaathoueny aeiaie? aaiethoe?eii. I?aeia?iaeia
aaciaea caeeoa?oueny iaeiei ?c aieiaieo aeaiaio?a ni?ai?aoe?. O/anoue
Oe?a?ie o i?ia?ai? “Ia?oia?noai ca?aaee ie?o”, ni?euei? a?enueeia?
iaa/aiiy, ie?ioai?/? ?yooaaeuei? iia?aoe??, iaaeaiiy aoiai?oa?ii? oa
?yooaaeueii? aeiiiiiae ni?eythoue aoaeoeaiiio ae?aeiaia?. No?aeia
?icoe?aiiy Aeueyino Ee?a ?icoe?ith? ye e?ie aei noaa?eueiino? ia
?a?iiaenueeiio eiioeiaio?. Iiceoeaii aeneiaeany i?i aca?ieie Oe?a?ie ?
IAOI iiaee Aainae iaeiiooaei?oiai a?enueeiaiai aeieo na?oo ei?ae
Aeaei?aeae ?iaa?onii, i?ae /an naiai ia?oiai io?oe?eiiai a?ceoo aei
Oe?a?ie ye e?a?ie-o/anieoe? i?ia?aie IAOI “Ia?oia?noai ca?aaee ie?o”,
27-28 n?/iy 2000 ?ieo [29]. Ia aeaiiio aoai? Oe?a?io aeaooiao? oaea
ia?oia?noai ? ieoaiiy anooio Oe?a?ie a IAOI ia nueiaiaei?oi?e aeaiue ia
noi?oue. Uiaei noinoie?a ?c C?N, oi a oe?eiio, ?aeay iaaoooy Oe?a?iith
anioe?eiaaiiai noaoono o a?enueeia?e no?oeoo?? ?a?inithco iiceoeaii
ni?eeia?oueny iaiia noi?iiaie. Ia aeaeue, aac io?eiaiiy Oe?a?iith
anioe?eiaaiiai noaoono a ?N, niiae?aaoeny ia anioe?aoe?th a C?N ia?ii.
Ooiaeaiaioii aeey iaeaooiueiai ?icaeoeo a?aeiinei Oe?a?ie ?c oeeie
a?enueeiaeie no?oeoo?aie iiaeii? neoaoaaoe aeani? ?ioa?ane. Iaa?oue
“iicaaeieiaee” noaoon Oe?a?ie ia aeeneaae?o?eiao? ?? a?ae anooio aei
aoaeue-yei? ai?iii-iie?oe/ii? no?oeoo?e, yea aenooia? aaaeeeaei
aeaiaioii iaoe?iiaeueii?, ?a?iiaenueei? /e o?ainaoeaioe/ii? aaciaee.
Oe?eaa? a oeueiio eiioaeno? ?acoeueoaoe anaoe?a?inueeiai
?ai?acaioaoeaiiai iieooaaiiy, i?iaaaeaiiai oeaio?ii NIOe?N, /eaiii
GALLUP International, o ethoiio 2000 ?ieo. Iieoaii 1200 ?aniiiaeaio?a,
ye? iiaee cacia/eoe ia a?eueoa o?ueio aa??aio?a a?aeiia?aeae.
A?aeiia?ae? ia caieoaiiy “A?ae yeeo e?a?i, ia aao iiaeyae iiaea aooe
caa?ica aeey Oe?a?ie ?iciiae?eeeenue oaeei /eiii: ?in?y – 24%, NOA – 21
%, Oo?a//eia – 10%, I?ia//eia – 7 %, A?ei?onue – 3 %, ?oioi?y – 3 %,
Iieueua – 2 %, Oai?ueia – 1 %, Iieaeiaa – 1 % [30]. Ioaea, iaaieiooth/e
ia “aaaaoiaaeoi?iino?” nai?? ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee Oe?a?i? aaea
iaeaeeae/ei /anii ne?ae ?iceeanoe aeoeaioe. Aeaeaeiaeyaei?noue ?
ia?aaeaa/oaai?noue ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee aeiaaathoue ?aae?? nueiaiaeaiiy.
“Oe?a?ii-IAOIanueeee” ei?aeii aaea ?aaeuei?noue. Ia nueiaiaei?oi?e
aeaiue cayaee ia anooi aei I?ai?/iiaoeaioe/iiai Aeueyino iiaeaee:
Aeaai?y, Aieaa??y, Eaoa?y, Eeoaa, Anoii?y, Iaeaaeii?y, Neiaa//eia,
?oioi?y ? Neiaai?y. Ia ia? iio?aae cacia/aoe, ui no?eaeiai ciai?oiuei?
iie?oeee oeeo aea?aeaa ? anooi aei ?N. A?eueoa oiai, aa?o/e aei oaaae
oaiaeaioe?th aei noai?aiiy iiaeo a?enueeiai-iie?oe/ieo aeie?a na?oo:
“cao?aeiiai” (NOA, ?N – ca i?aeo?eiee IAOI) ? “no?aeiiai” (Nithc ?in?? ?
A?ei?on?, Na?a?y, Eeoae, ?iae?y, Aeecueeee oa Na?aaei?e No?ae),
“aaaaoiaaeoi?i?noue” iiaea c?a?aoe Oe?a?i? ia ia ?oeo. Caa??aa?oueny
?ecee ia?aoai?aiiy Oe?a?ie ia aooa?.
Oiio iiaeaeueoee eiiieaeniee “?oo ia Cao?ae” iie?oe/ii?, aeiiii?/ii?,
nioe?aeueii? ? eoeueoo?ii? noa? oe?a?inueeiai noni?euenoaa caaacia/eoue
ooaa?aeaeaiiy “?a?iiaenueei?” Oe?a?ie, oa aeicaieeoue iiaeieaoe
oia?aaeaeaia noaaeaiiy aei oe?a?ioe?a caieo “?a?iiaeoe?a”. Iaiao?aeii
oaeiae ia?aeiaoe aeina?ae ?ioaa?aoe?? aei ?N e?a?i Aeoaa?aaenueei?
a?oie.
Noiniaii “aiaieea iaae??”, yeee niaeaoioa o e?aeo nee i?ney noai?aiiy
Nithcii? aea?aeaae ?anioae?eith A?ei?onue ? ?in?enueeith Oaaea?aoe??th,
oi iaaoooy Oe?a?iith anioe?eiaaiiai noaoono a ?N inoaoi/ii eiai
caaaneoue. Iaoe?iiaeueii na?aeiiei a?iiaaeyiai Oe?a?ie c?coi?ei, ui
ia’?aeioaaoenue ?c “noa?oei a?aoii”, aa?o/e aei oaaae aeanio ?noi??th oa
?aae?? nueiaiaeaiiy, Oe?a?i? i?inoi ni?oii ? a??oii. sse aa/eii,
aeueoa?iaoeae ?a?iiaenuee?e ?ioaa?aoe?? a Oe?a?ie, i?e anueiio aaaaonoa?
aeai?o, iaia?.
I?iaieineaoe na?e ?a?iiaenueeee aea?? Oe?a?ia, iii?e an? ia?aoeiaee,
i?aaia yeiaeoaeaeoa aeeoeny aei n?i’? oeea?e?ciaaieo ia?iae?a ?a?iie oa
na?oo. Iaeiae oeae i?ioean iio?aao? iie?oe/ii? ? aeiiii?/ii? ceaaiaee,
oa?i?iiy ? /ano. Ca oaa?aeaiiyi aaoi?a eiioi?eioeaii? eiioeaioe??
?ioaa?aoe?? aia?eeainueeiai aeine?aeieea Ea?ea Aeie/a, ?ioaa?aoe?eiee
?oo o nai?io ?icaeoeo i?ioiaeeoue o?e aoaie: 1) “aoai ?ioaeaeooae?a”,
eiee eiai i?aeo?eiothoue eeoa aeaye? i?aaenoaaieee ?ioae?aaioe??; 2)
“aoai aaeeeeo iie?oee?a”, eiee aei iueiai i?e?aeiothoueny a?eueo oe?ie?
iie?oe/i? eiea; 3) “aoai ianiaiai ?ooo” [31].
C?iaeaoe iaa?oue iiaa?oiaaee aiae?c no/anii? neooaoe?? ia Oe?a?i?,
iiaeia noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui Oe?a?ia anooieea o o?ao?e, caaa?oaeueiee aoai.
Ne?eueee a?i o?eaaoeia ? eiee ia?aeaea o ieiueio ae??oaiiy oi?iaeueieo
i?ioeaaeo? iaiao?aeieo aeey anooio a ?N caeaaeeoue aieiaiei /eiii a?ae
a?iiaaeyi Oe?a?ie. Iaeii/anii, oio?einue ae aa/eoe a?eueoa ni?eyiiy
Oe?a?i? caieo oeaio??a ?a?iiaenueei? ?ioaa?aoe??. Ioaea, aeey
i?enei?aiiy oaii?a ?a?iiaenueei? ?ioaa?aoe?? Oe?a?i? iaiao?aeii
i?iaeiaaeoaaoe iie?oe/i?, aeiiii?/i? ? noni?euei? ia?aoai?aiiy a
aea?aeaa?. Na?aae iaeaaaeeea?oeo caaaeaiue, aeae?eaii ianooii?:
– caaacia/aiiy aeiiii?/ii? ? iie?oe/ii? noaa?eueiino? e?a?ie;
– ciaioaiiy iieaciee?a aac?ia?ooy oa cei/eiiino?;
– i?eae?eaiiy a?eueoi? oaaae caoenoo i?aa ethaeeie;
– iie?auaiiy ?iaanoeoe?eiiai ee?iaoo;
– aa?iii?caoe?y /eiiiai oe?a?inueeiai caeiiiaeaanoa aei noaiaea?o?a ?N;
– noai?aiiy CAO i?ae Oe?a?iith oa ?N;
– iicaaaeaiiy oe?a?ioe?a a?ae caeeoe?a ?aaeyinueei? ?aeaieia??, yea
iaeeaea ?oei?aiee a?aeaeoie ?oi?e iaioae?oao oa oi?ioaaiiy ?a?iiaenueei?
na?aeiiino? a?iiaaeyi Oe?a?ie (iaeiei ?c i?eeeaae?a iiaeooue neoaoaaoe
?a?ieeoae Oe?a?ie – ?oo ca ?ioaa?aoe?th aei ?N);
– a?ae?iaeaeaiiy aeooiaiino?, oe?a?inueei? eoeueoo?e ? iiae;
– caaacia/aiiy oe?iei? ia?iaeii? i?aeo?eiee ia?aiiao eo?no.
A oe?eiio, Oe?a?i? ? ia iio??aii oi?noaaoe i?ioean iaaoooy
anioe?eiaaiiai, a caiaeii ? iiaiii?aaiiai /eainoaa a ?N. Ae??oaiiy
aioo??oi?o i?iaeai aeicaieeoue Oe?a?i? cayaeoe i?i naaa, ye i?i neeueio
?a?iiaenueeo e?a?io, oa i?e?iaeiuei iaaeeceoue ?? aei ?a?iiaenueeeo
no?oeoo?, aiaeii/an, a?aenoaath/e iiiyooy “aaaaoiaaeoi?iino?” ia caaei?e
ieai. A oea, a naith /a?ao, aeicaieeoue ni?yioaaoe eaaiao /anoeo coneeue
aea?aeaae ia iiaeieaiiy ia?aoeiae aeey iiaiii?aaiiai /eainoaa a ?N.
I/aaeaeii, ui e caieoaiiy “Eiee ? ye anooieoue Oe?a?ia aei ?N ?” a?eueoa
ia aeeeeeaoeia iini?oee ia iaee//yo i?aaenoaaiee?a ?a?iiaenueei?
eii?n??.
I?ei?oee
O?iio? Aa?oii Ao. Iiaeaeue – ?a?iiaenueeee Nithc // Deutshland. – 1999.
– ? 5. – N. 17.
Oai naii.
World Watch. Brussels // Time. – 1999. – ? 17 (Vol. 154). – October 25.
– P. 24.
?a?iia. Oe?a?ia. Euea?a. Nai?o. 1999. – Euea?a, 1999. – N. 154.
I?i “Iniiai? iai?yiee ciai?oiuei? iie?oeee Oe?a?ie”. Iinoaiiaa Aa?oiaii?
?aaee Oe?a?ie // Aiein Oe?a?ie. – 24 eeiiy 1993 ?. – ? 139. – N. 3.
Eiinoeoooe?y Oe?a?ie: I?eeiyoa ia i’yoee nan?? Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie
28 /a?aiy 1996 ?. – E., 1997. – N. 46.
Oeac I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie “I?i caoiaee uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy
ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa Oe?a?ie c ?a?iiaenueeei Nithcii” // O?yaeiaee eo?’??. –
21 ethoiai 1995. – N. 2.
Oeac I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie “I?i caoaa?aeaeaiiy Oei/aniai? Oaiaee i?i
oi?a?aeth oa ieoaiiy, iia’cai? c oi?a?aeath i?ae ?a?iiaenueeei
ni?aoiaa?enoaii ii aoa?eeth oa noae?, ?a?iiaenueeei ni?aoiaa?enoaii ii
aoiii?e aia?aaoeoe?, c iaeiiai aieo, oa Oe?a?iith, c ae?oai aieo” //
Ca??iee Oeac?a I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie. – 1999. – Aeione 4
(aeiaoaiue-a?oaeaiue).
Oeac I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie “I?i caoiaee uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoai?cio
aca?iiae?? c ?N oa eiai aeeiiaa/eie i?aaiaie” // Ca??iee Oeac?a
I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie. – 1997. – Aeione 2 (ea?oaiue-/a?aaiue). – N. 53.
Oeac I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie “I?i caoaa?aeaeaiiy No?aoaa?? ?ioaa?aoe??
Oe?a?ie aei ?a?iiaenueeiai Nithco” // Ca??iee Oeac?a I?aceaeaioa
Oe?a?ie. – 1998. – Aeione 2 (ea?oaiue-/a?aaiue). – N. 257.
Oa?anthe A. Ciai?oiueiiie?oe/ia ae?yeuei?noue ICN Oe?a?ie a 1998 ?ioe?
// Ciai?oiy oi?a?aey. – 1999. – ? 1-2. – N. 90.
Iaooaaae A. Eo?n ia ?ioaa?aoe?th. Aei i?aenoie?a Ae?oaiai Naii?oo
Oe?a?ia-?N // Iie?oeea ? /an. – 1998. – ? 11-12. – N. 9-13.
Euea?anueeee nai?o – 99 // Aeueoa?iaoeaa. – 1999. – ? 1. – 21 o?aaiy. –
N. 1.
Monitoring Foreign and Security Policy of Ukraine. – 1999 (July, August,
September). – P. 63.
I?aeia?iaeia eiioa?aioe?y “Aaeoi-*i?iiii?nueea ni?a?ia?oieoeoai: aei
?ioaa?iaaii? ?a?iie OO? noie?ooy aac ?iciiae?eue/eo e?i?e” // Ciai?oiy
oi?a?aey. – 1999. – ? 3-4. – N. 120-121.
?ioi?iaoe?eiee atheaoaiue O?NAe/OeNI “Iii?oi?eia a?iiaaenueei? aeoiee
ianaeaiiy Oe?a?ie”. – ? 4. – ea?oaiue 1999. – N. 16-27.
Ten Years since the Wall Fell // The Economist. – 1999. – November 6 –
12. – P. 21.
Kuchma asks EU to “believe in Ukraine” // Financial Times. – November
23. – 1999. – P. 4.
Eo/ia E. Ae. Oe?a?ia: iinooi o OO? noie?ooy. No?aoaa?y aeiiii?/iiai oa
nioe?aeueiiai ?icaeoeo ia 2000-2004 ??.: Iineaiiy I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie
aei Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie, 2000 ??e // O?yaeiaee eo?’??. – 2000. – 23
ethoiai – N. 5-12.
Oe?aeia oi/ao a Aa?iio. *oi aeey yoiai ioaeii? // Naaiaeiy. – 1999. – ?
233. – 14 aeaeaa?y. – N. 2.
Anooi aei ?N aeia?a ?aeay, aeey yei? ua ia ianoaa /an // O?yaeiaee
eo?’??. – ? 3. – 11 n?/iy 2000. – N. 3.
Ukraine Doesn’t Take EU “No” as Final // International Herald Tribune. –
1999. – December 20. – P. 7.
Ee?a aaaaea? no?aoaa?th ?N aaaeeeaei aeieoiaioii // Aeaiue. – ? 31. – 14
a?oaeiy 1999. – N. 3.
I?aaiaiiy i?aee??ieoe ?aoi?iaie // O?yaeiaee eo?’??. – ? 15. – 27 n?/iy
2000. – N. 3.
VI Ia?aaea ea??aiee?a caei?aeiiieo onoaiia Oe?a?ie // Ciai?oiy oi?a?aey.
– 1999. – ? 3-4. – N. 116.
Oai?eoe ni?eueia iaeaooi?. aenooi I?aceaeaioa Oe?a?ie E. Ae. Eo/ie
ia?aae ea??aieeaie aeeieiiaoe/ieo i?n?e 18 n?/iy 2000 ?ieo // O?yaeiaee
eo?’??. – ? 10. – 20 n?/iy 2000. – N. 3.
Iu – a /aoaa?ea oaai?eoia // Aa/a?iea aanoe. – 2000. – ? 10. – 21
yiaa?y. – N. 1.
Aeciaee iinooi aeiiii?/ieo ?aoi?i // Oeaeiaaee Aaee/eie. – 2 eeiiy 1999.
– N. 3.
NATO in Ukraine to praice ties // Kyiv Post. – 2000. – February 3. – P.
3.
Nioe?ieia?/ia neoaeaa “Aeiy” // Aeaiue. – 2000. – ? 35. – N. 1.
31.Ea?ooiia I. Eaio?a N. Cao?aei? oai??? aeiiii?/ii? oa iie?oe/ii?
?ioaa?aoe??. Ni?iae noeneiai aiae?co // Ciai?oiy oi?a?aey. – 1999.
– ? 3-4. – N. 143.
A?AeIIINO? I?I AAOI?A NOAOO?:
EINOTHE Na?a?e Ieoaeeiae/, 1976 ?.i., oe?a?iaoeue
Caeiaoaa/ eaoaae?e iie?oieia?? oa nioe?ieia?? ?noi?e/iiai oaeoeueoaoo
*a?i?aaoeueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. TH. Oaaeueeiae/a (?c
01.04.99 ?.)
Aeeeaaea/ nioe?aeueii-aoiai?oa?ieo aeenoeeie?i Eieiieenueeiai
aeiiii?ei-i?aaiaiai eieaaeaeo Ee?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aiaaeueii-aeiiii?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo (?c 01.09.98)
?ioa?i Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie (1999/2000 ??.)
Aeiiaoiy aae?ana (iino?eia):
EINOTHE Na?a?e
Aoe. Aeiaaeaiea, 16, ea. 39
i. Eieiiey
?aaii-O?aie?anueea iaeanoue
78200 OE?A?IA
Oae.: (03433) 2-67-27; 2-60-15 (aeii.)
Oae/Oaen: (03433) 2-15-86 (?ia.)
Oei/aniaa aae?ana aeey ei?aniiiaeaioe??:
! (cacia/aia ieae/a aae?ana oa oaeaoiie ae?eni? o?eueee aei 10 eeiiy
2000 ?.):
EINOTHE Na?a?e
Oe?a?ia i. Ee?a
01021 a/n 38
Oae.: (044) 291-75-71; 293-25-69
Aoaeue-eanea, iaaeneeaeoa aaoi?nueeee i?ei??iee ia oei/aniao aae?ano a
i. Ee?a? (aei 10 eeiiy 2000 ?ieo).
I?ey 10 eeiiy 2000 ?ieo iaaeneeaeoa aaoi?nueeee i?ei??iee
?aeiiaiaeiaaiei eenoii ia iino?eio (aeiiaoith) aae?ano aaoi?a a i.
Eieiie?.
Aeyeoth ca ?icoi?iiy oa ni?ai?aoeth.
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