Ieai:
Aaaaeaiea
1. I?ienoiaeaeaiea o?enoeainoaa
2. Eoi aaoi?u Aaaiaaeea?
3. Ai?ueaa ca ia?ac O?enoa
4.?ani?ino?aiaiea o?enoeainoaa a ?eineie eiia?ee
5. O?enoeaineay iaueia
6. Niia?ieee o?enoeainoaa
7. Aieneiiu e eo aeanoue
8. Eiia?aoi? Eiinoaioei
9. A?eainoai
10.Ianoi?eainoai
11.Iiiioecenonoai
Caeeth/aiea
Eeoa?aoo?a
I?eeiaeaiea 1
Oieueei o?enoeaineay oea?eiaue, ia?a?inoay o?iaaiue aeaoo ie?ia –
eoaeaecia e yeeeiecia, ii?iaeeea e iniuneeea naio eaeath anaiauiinoe,
anaeaineinoe, anaie?iinoe /aeiaa/aneie enoi?ee, niciaoaeueii
iooieeioaoenue io iaaaooaaoeo iaoeeiiaeeciia.
A.A. Ea?oaoaa
Aaaaeaiea
.I i?ienoiaeaeaiee o?enoeainoaa iaienaii ia?iiiia, ii nouanoao
iaiauyoiia eiee/anoai eiea, noaoae e ae?oaeo ioaeeeaoeee. Ia yoii
iii?eua o?oaeeeenue e o?enoeaineea aaoi?u, e oeeiniou-i?inaaoeoaee, e
i?aaenoaaeoaee aeaeaeneie e?eoeee, e aaoi?u-aoaenou. Yoi e iiiyoii,
iineieueeo ?a/ue eaeao ia enoi?e/aneii oaiiiaia – o?enoeainoaa,
nicaeaaoai iiiai/eneaiiua oea?eae, eiathuea ieeeeiiu iineaaeiaaoaeae,
caieiaaoai e aei neo ii? caieiathuai aieueoia ianoi a ie?a, a eaeaeiie,
yeiiiie/aneie e iieeoe/aneie aeecie ia?iaeia e ainoaea?noa.
1.I?ienoiaeaeaiea o?enoeainoaa
.O?enoeainoai aicieeei a Iaeanoeia a I a. i. y. Aai ?iaenoai n
eoaeaeciii i?iyaeyaony a oii, /oi ia?aay /anoue Aeaeee, Aaooee caaao,
nayuaiiay eieaa eae eoaeaaa, oae e o?enoeai (Aoi?ay /anoue aeaeee, Iiaue
caaao, i?eciaaony oieueei o?enoeaiaie e yaeyaony aeey ieo aeaaiaeoae). I
ianiiiaiiie aeecinoe ia?aiia/aeueiiai o?enoeainoaa eoaeaeneie iaueia
ynnaiia naeaeaoaeuenoaotho oaeaea iaeaeaiiua a 1947 a. naeoee a ?aeiia
Ia?oaiai ii?y. Iauiinoue ie?iaicc?ai/aneeo i?eioeeiia o ynnaiia e
ia?aiia/aeueiuo o?enoeai i?ineaaeeaaaony a ianneaiecia – iaeeaeaiey
nei?iai i?ioanoaey O/eoaey i?aaaaeiinoe, a ynoaoieiae/aneeo
i?aaenoaaeaieyo, a enoieeiaaiee eaeae a?aoiaiinoe /aeiaaea, a
ia?yaeiinoe, a i?aaiecaoeee iauei e ioiioaiee e nianoaaiiinoe.
Ioiineoaeueii auno?ia ?ani?ino?aiaiea o?enoeainoaa a iaeiaceaoneeo
i?iaeioeeyo ?eineie eiia?ee e a naiii ?eia auei iaoneiaeaii ?yaeii
nioeeaeueii-enoi?e/aneeo oaeoi?ia. Ia/aaoeeny e?ecen aioe/iuo ii?yaeeia
ii?iaeaeae anaiauoth iaoaa?aiiinoue a caao?aoiai aeia, /oanoai aiaoee e
aania?niaeoeaiinoe. Oneeeeny aioaaiieci ia oieueei iaaeaeo ?aaaie e
naiaiaeiuie, ii e iaaeaeo ?eineeie a?aaeaeaiaie e iiaeaeaiiuie
i?iaeioeee, iaaeaeo ?eineie iioiinoaaiiie ciaoueth e iaiaaoeaoeieny
anaaeieeaie.
.?eineay ?aeeaey, eae e ?acee/iua ?aeeaeiciua o/aiey Ainoiea, ia
iiaea aeaoue ooaoaiea iaacaeieaiiui e a neeo naiaai iaoeeiiaeueiiai
oa?aeoa?a ia iicaieyea ooaa?aeaeaoue eaeath anaiauae ni?aaaaeeeainoe,
?aaainoaa, nianaiey. O?enoeainoai i?iaicaeaneei ?aaainoai anao ethaeae
eae a?aoieeia. Iii aeaei ?aao ooaoaiea, iaaeaaeaeo iieo/aiey naiaiaeu
i?inoui e iiiyoiui niiniaii – /a?ac iiciaiea aiaeanoaaiiie enoeiiu,
eioi?oth i?eian ia caieth O?enoin, /oiau iaanaaaea eneoieoue ana
/aeiaa/aneea a?aoe e ii?iee.
.O?enoeaineay aiieiaaoeea ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi a ioee/ea io anao
inoaeueiuo ?aeeaee ie?a o?enoeainoai ia nicaeaii ethaeueie, a aeaii
/aeiaa/anoao Aiaii a aioiaii e caeii/aiiii aeaea. Iaeiaei enoi?ey
?aeeaeiciuo o/aiee naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oii, /oi o?enoeainoai ia
naiaiaeii io ?aeeaeiciuo, oeeinioneeo, yoe/aneeo e eiuo aeeyiee.
O?enoeainoai onaieei e ia?ainiuneeei i?aaeoanoaothuea eaeaeiua
eiioeaioeee eoaeaecia, ieo?aecia, ae?aaieo ainoi/iuo ?aeeaee,
oeeinioneea aicc?aiey. Ana yoi iaiaauaei e oeaiaioe?iaaei iiaoth
?aeeaeth, i?aa?auaei aa a iiuioth eoeueoo?ii-eioaeaeooaeueioth neeo,
niiniaioth i?ioeaiiinoaaeoue naay anai iaoeeiiaeueii-yoie/aneei eoeueoai
e i?aa?aoeoueny a ianniaia iaoeeiiaeueiia aeaeaeaiea. Onaiaiea
ia?aiia/aeueiui o?enoeainoaii i?aaeoanoaothuaai ?aeeaeicii-eoeueoo?iiai
ianeaaeey ioithaeue ia i?aa?auaei aai a eiiaeiia?ao ?ac?iciaiiuo
i?aaenoaaeaiee, a niinianoaiaaei i?eioeeieaeueii iiaiio o/aieth
iieo/eoue anaiauaa i?eciaiea.
.Iniaaiii caiaoiia aeeyiea ia iniiau o?enoeaineiai aa?io/aiey
ieacaee iaiieaoiieci Oeeiia Aeaenaiae?eeneiai (ie. 25 aei i. y. – ie. 50
i.y.) e i?aanoaaiiia o/aiea ?eineiai noieea Naiaee ( ie. 4 aei i. y. –
65 i. y.). Oeeii niaaeeiee iiiyoea Eiaina a aeaeaeneie o?aaeeoeee,
?anniao?eaathuae Eiain a ea/anoaa aioo?aiiaai caeiia, iai?aaeythuaai
aeaeaeaiea Einiina. Eiain o Oeeiia – nayuaiiia Neiai, iicaieythuaa
nica?oeaoue Nouaa. Eiiai iooe iiciaiey Aiaa ia nouanoaoao, oieueei /a?ac
Eiain – Neiai. O/aiea Oeeiia i i?e?iaeaeaiiie a?aoiaiinoe anao ethaeae ,
i iieayiee, i Nouai eae ia?aiia/aea ie?a, ia yenoaca eae n?aaenoaa
i?eaeeaeaiey e Aiao, i eiainao, n?aaee eioi?uo Nui Aiaeee- aunoee Eiain
e ae?oaea eiainu, iacaaiiua aiaaeaie, – iineoaeeei iaeiie ec eaeaeiuo
i?aaeiinueie aeey o?enoeaineeo i?aaenoaaeaiee ia ea?a?oee aeooiaiuo
ia/ae, ieacaei caiaoiia aeeyiea ia oi?ie?iaaiea o?enoeainoaa.
. I?aanoaaiiia o/aiea o?enoeainoaa, a iniaaiiinoe i aeinoeaeaiea
aeia?iaeaoaee, aeecei e acaeyaeai Eoe?aoeey Aiiay Naiaee. Aeaaiui aeey
anyeiai /aeiaaea Naiaea n/eoae aeinoeaeaiea naiaiaeu aeooa iin?aaenoaii
iniciaiey aiaeanoaaiiie iaiaoiaeeiinoe. Anee aea naiaiaea ia aoaeao
auoaeaoue ec aiaeanoaaiiie iaiaoiaeeiinoe, oi iia ieaaeaony ?aanoaii.
Oieueei iiaeiiaaiea noaeueaa ii?iaeaeaao iaaiciooeiinoue aeooa,
niaanoue, i?aanoaaiiua ii?iu, iaua/aeiaa/aneea oeaiiinoe. Ooaa?aeaeaiea
iaua/aeiaa/aneeo oeaiiinoae caaeneo ia io ainoaea?noaaiiuo o?aaiaaiee, a
anaoeaei io iaueoaeueiinoe. Iiae iaueoaeueiinoueth Naiaea iiieiaao
i?eciaiea aaeeinoai /aeiaa/aneie i?e?iaeu, acaeiioth ethaiaue, anaiauaa
nino?aaeaiea, caaioo eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea i ae?oaeo, aio iiaeiaiuo,
iacaaeneii io nioeeaeueiiai iieiaeaiey. Naiaea a ea/anoaa i?aanoaaiiiai
eiia?aoeaa i?eciae cieioia i?aaeei ii?aee, eioi?ia cao/aei neaaeothuei
ia?acii:
“Iaoiaeenue ni noiyueie ieaea oae, eae ou oioae au, /oiau n oiaith
ia?auaeenue noiyuea auoa”
.Aeeceay oi?ioee?iaea niaea?aeeony a Aaaiaaeee io Iaooay:
“E oae ai anai, eae oioeoa, /oiau n aaie iinooiaee ethaee, oae
iinooiaeoa e au n ieie”( Io. 7:12 ).
.O?enoeainoao auee nicao/iu onoaiiaee Naiaee i nei?ioa/iinoe e
iaiai/eainoe /oanoaaiiuo oaeiaieuenoaee, caaioa i ae?oaeo ethaeyo,
naiiia?aie/aiea a iieueciaaiee iaoa?eaeueiuie aeaaaie, iaaeiiouaiea
?acaoea no?anoae, aeaaeueiuo aeey iauanoaa e /aeiaaea, ne?iiiinoue
e
oia?aiiinoue a iianaaeiaaiie aeecie. Aio eiiiie?iaaee e noi?ioee?iaaiiua
Naiaeie i?eioeeiu eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie yoeee. Ee/iia nianaiea i?aaeiieaaaao
no?iaoth ioeaieo nianoaaiiie aeecie, naiioniaa?oainoaiaaiea, ia?aoaiea
aiaeanoaaiiiai ieeina?aeey.
.Onaiaiea o?enoeainoai ?acee/iuo yeaiaioia ainoi/iuo eoeueoia,
yeeeienoe/aneie oeeinioee ia iaaaeiyei, a iaiaauaei iiaoth ?aeeaeth.
Eiaiii iiyoiio iia ioiineoaeueii auno?i aioea a iauee iioie
n?aaeecaiiiii?neie eoeueoo?u.
2. Eoi aaoi?u Aaaiaaeea?
.Neieueei nouanoaoao o?enoeainoai, noieueei i?iaeieaeathony nii?u i
ee/iinoe aai iniiaaoaey. ?anneacu ia Eenona O?enoa, iienaiiua a
Aaaiaaeeyo io Iaooay, Ia?ea, Eoee e Eiaiia, a oaeaea a iineaieyo e
aeayieyo aiinoieia i Aiaa-nuia, yaeaoainy a ie? a ia?aca niaa?oaiiiai
/aeiaaea, /oiau acyoue ia naay a?aoe ethaeae e nianoe eo aeey aa/iie
aeecie, aucuaaee iaiaei niiiaiee. Ieacaeinue, /oi aeaaea niiauaaiua eie
naaaeaiey aucuaatho niiiaiey. Aaaeue onoaiiaeaii, /oi iie ia ec ia?auo
?oe, oioy eeoea, n/eoathueany eo aaoi?aie, aeieaeiu auee ana
?anneacaiiia oai ciaoue ii ee/iui iaaethaeaieyi. Iaaeaeo oai yoe yeiau
i/aaeaeoeu niauoee, a oaeaea eo ae?oa e eaoiienaoe Eoea – ana iie
eniieueciaaee /oaeea enoi/ieea. Oae, iai?eia?, Iaooae e Eoea aeeth/eee a
naie Aaaiaaeey ii/oe aanue oaeno Ia?ea e o.ae.
.Naaiaeiy iu ciaai oaea, /ai yoi iauynieoue. Aaaiaaeey iaienaiu ia
Iaooaai, ia Ia?eii, ia Eiaiiii e, auoue iiaeao, aeaaea ia Eoeie. Eo
nicaeaee eee nia?aee ec ?aciuo ienueiaiiuo enoi/ieeia e onoiuo i?aaeaiee
ae?oaea, iaecaanoiua iai aaoi?u, /uee iiaeeeiiua eiaia iu, aeieaeii
auoue, oae ieeiaaea e ia ociaai. Aeaaea eaoiee/aneay oea?eiaue
auioaeaeaia auea i?eciaoue, /oi aii?in ia aaoi?noaa Aaaiaaeee ioithaeue
ia cae?uo e iaeuecy aic?aaeaoue i?ioea aeaeueiaeoaai iao/iiai
enneaaeiaaiey yoie i?iaeaiu. O/anoieee 2 Aaoeeaineiai niai?a, ianoaeaeay
“Eiinoeoooeeth ia ioe?iaaiee”, ioaa?aee aieueoeinoaii aieinia
neaaeothuee ioieo: “Aiaeuey oea?eiaue anaaaea ooaa?aeaeaea e
ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi aaoi?aie Aaaiaaeee yaeythony oa, /uee eiaia iacaaiu a
eaiiia nayuaiiuo eiea, a eiaiii: Iaooae, Ia?e, Eoea e Eiaii”. Aianoi
ia?a/eneaiey yoeo eiai ?aoeee aienaoue – “nayoua aaoi?u.
.Eoae, aaoi?u Aaaiaaeee ia auee i/aaeaeoeaie niauoee. Yoi auee
eiiieeyoi?u, /a?iaaoea naie naaaeaiey ec oieueeei?iie o?aaeeoeee
o?enoeaineeo iauei, aaea oaea oiaaea iooai ni/aoaiey oaeoia n eaaaiaeaie
nicaeaaaeny iaeee noa?aioei aeia?aoee Eenona, iacuaaaiue iaeioi?uie
enneaaeiaaoaeyie “i?ioiaaaiaaeeai” eee “i?aaaaiaaeeai”. Neiiioe/aneea
Aaaiaaeey aace?othony ia oaeii iauai enoi/ieea, e yoei iauyniyaony eo
noiaenoai, iineoaeeaoaa iniiaaieai aeey oaaaeaeaiey, /oi eo aaoi?u,
aoaeo/e i/aaeaeoeaie niauoee, iacaaeneii ae?oa io ae?oaa ?anneacuaatho
oi, /oi a naiii aeaea i?ienoiaeeei. Ethaiiuoii, /oi yoiai oaaaeaeaiey ia
iieieaaaei aeaaea Aaaiaaeea io Eiaiia. Iii auei nicaeaii a niaa?oaiii
eiie n?aaea, aia aeeyiey neiiioe/aneiai ia?acoea e aeaao niaa?oaiii eiie
ia?ac Eenona.
.Aaaeii iiae/a?eiooue ie/oiaeiia cia/aiea Aaaiaaeee eae enoi/ieeia
eioi?iaoeee i iiaeeeiiie aeia?aoee Eenona. Ii a Iiaii caaaoa anoue aeaa
i?iecaaaeaiey, eioi?ua a neeo naiaai aeai?a eaaeoony aieaa
iaiaaeaaeeaathueie. Yoi, i?aaeaea anaai, “Aeayiey nayouo aiinoieia”, a
oaeaea nai?iee iineaiee, i?eienuaaaiuo na. Iaaeo, na. Eaeiao, na. Eiaiio
e na. Eoaea.
.Iiaiai?ei i?aaeaea anaai i iineaieyo, i?aaenoaaeythueo niaith
aaaeiue enoi/iee aeey eco/aiey enoi?ee o?enoeainoaa.
.Oeeieiae/aneea enneaaeiaaiey iieacaee, /oi ec /aou?iaaeoeaoe
iineaiee Iaaea eeoue /anoue iiaeii n/eoaoue iiaeeeiiuie. Iaeioi?ua
enneaaeiaaoaee n/eoatho iiaeeeiiuie anaai /aou?a iineaiey. Yoo oi/eo
c?aiey noi?ioee?iaae a na?aaeeia ieioaoaai noieaoey ecaanoiue i?ioanni?
aiaineiaey a Othaeiaaia Oa?aeeiaiae Aao?, i?eoaaeoee iinea
oeeieiae/aneiai aiaeeca oaenoia e auaiaeo, /oi Iaaae aue aaoi?ii oieueei
iineaiee e ei?eioyiai, aaeaoai e e Oeeeiiio.
.Yoio auaiae, n iaeiie eeoue iii?aaeie, iiaeoaa?aeeee nia?aiaiiua
aeaeenou ec ai?iaea Yaeeiao?aa: i?ioanni? aiaineiaey Ia?a?aai? e aai
nio?oaeiee Ii?oii. A naieo eeiaaenoe/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo iie
ainiieueciaaeenue eiiiuethoa?ii e ia iniiaa iaoaiaoe/aneeo au/eneaiee
iaii?iaa?aeeii onoaiiaeee, /oi aaeeinoai ycuea e noeey naycuaaao iyoue
iineaiee: e ?eieyiai, e ei?eioyiai (iaa iineaiey), e aaeaoai e e
Oeeeiiio. Ia iiaeeaaeeo niiiaieth, /oi iie iaienaiu iaeiei /aeiaaeii. A
iineieueeo ia iniiaaiee ?yaea i?eciaeia, ia eioi?uo iu caeanue ia aoaeai
inoaiaaeeaaoueny, n/eoaaony aeieacaiiui, /oi aaoi?ii aeaoo iineaiee
(ia?aia iineaiea e ei?eioyiai e iineaiea e aaeaoai) yaeyaony na. Iaaae,
oi i?eoiaeeony i?eciaoue aai oaeaea e aaoi?ii o?ao inoaeueiuo.
.*oi aei inoaeueiuo iineaiee, i?eienuaaaiuo Iaaeo, oi oaea ynii, /oi
iie i?eiaaeeaaeao iaecaanoiui aaoi?ai, eioi?ua ii iau/ath oiai a?aiaie
iacaaeenue eiaiai aiinoiea, /oiau i?eaeaoue aieueooth cia/eiinoue naiei
aeiaiaeai. Iineaiey e Oeiioath e e Oeoo, iai?eia?, ioiinyony e ia?aie
iieiaeia 2 aaea: a ieo io?aaeaia oaeay ianoaiiaea a o?enoeaineeo
iaueiao, eaeay auea i?inoi iaaiciiaeia i?e aeecie Iaaea. Oai eaeao ?a/ue
i ai?ueaa n a?anyie, aicieeoeie, eiaaea Iaaea oaea aeaaii ia auei a
aeeauo.
.*oi aea i?aaenoaaeytho niaie iiaeeeiiua iineaiey Iaaea? Ae?aooea
iiaeii neacaoue, /oi aaoi? iiaeieiaao oai ?yae aeieo?eiaeueiuo e
i?aanoaaiiuo i?iaeai, aieiiaaaoeo a oo ii?o o?enoeaineea iaueiu. Ii
aeaaiie oeaeueth aaoi?a iineaiee yaeyaony i?iiiaaaeue oaieiae/aneie
eaeae, eioi?oth, oioy iia e ia/aea oaea oiaaea ca?iaeaeaoueny n?aaee
o?enoeai a ?acoeueoaoa neie?aoe/aneiai aicaeaenoaey ?acee/iuo
yeeeienoe/aneeo oa/aiee, eeoue Iaaae iineaaeiaaoaeueii ?ac?aaioae e
eceiaeee.
.Aeaaiia a aai o/aiee – aa?a a oi, /oi Eenon O?enoin yaeyaony
aiaii, eioi?ue ?aaee eneoieaiey ia?ai?iaeiiai a?aoa /aeiaa/anoaa
iicaieee naay ?aniyoue, aine?an, aicianny ia iaaana e ni aeiy ia aeaiue
aa?iaony, /oiau onoaiiaeoue oea?noai aiaeuea ia caiea.
.A yoie eiioeaioeee Eenon, eae eiie?aoiay enoi?e/aneay ee/iinoue,
anoanoaaiii, ioiaeaeaaeny ia caaeiee ieai. Iaaae, iiaeiuaiiue naiae
eaeaae, ia eioa?aniaaeny caiiie noi?iiie aeecie Eenona. A naieo
iineaieyo ii iacuaaao aai anaaaea “O?enoin”, /oi cia/eo ianney, eee nui
aiaeee, nianeoaeue e nui /aeiaa/aneee.
.Aiciiaeiinoue oaeie o?aeoiaee Eenona iaeaa/aei Iaaeo oi
ianoiyoaeuenoai, /oi ii ia aue ee/ii ciaeii n Eenonii e ia ieacaeny
iioiio a iieiaeaiee oao aa?aaa ec Aaaiaaeey io Eiaiia, eioi?ua aii?ioaee
n oaeanii e ecoieaieai: “Ia Eenon ee yoi, nui Eineoia, eioi?iai iooea e
iaoue iu ciaai?”. Eae aea aiai?eo ii: “ss nioae n iaaan?”(6:42)
.Ana, /oi Iaaae ciae ia Eenona, ii neuoae io ae?oaeo, a iniiaiii io
aai ?aaiinoiuo iineaaeiaaoaeae, eioi?ua a naieo ainoi?aeaiiuo
ainiiieiaieyo ecia?aaeaee aai naa?o/aeiaa/aneei nouanoaii. Yoa
ioaea/aiiay o?aeoiaea, i?e eioi?ie Eenon eeoeeny eiie?aoiuo /a?o e noae
eneeth/eoaeueii aiieiuaieai oaieiae/aneie eaeae, i?eaaea e oiio, /oi a
iineaieyo Iaaea Eenon-/aeiaae ii/oe iieiinoueth ionoonoaoao.
.*oi eanaaony inoaeueiuo iineaiee, oi iiiaea o/aiua (a iniaaiiinoe
iaiaoeeee aeaeaeno Ia?enai) i?yii cayaeytho, /oi ie iaeii ec ieo ia
i?eiaaeeaaeeo oeacaiiiio a eaiiia aaoi?o. Yoi, eae au?aaeathony
niaoeeaeenou, “inaaaeiyiea?aou”. Iaeuecy oaea onoaiiaeoue, eoi i?eienae
aaoi?noai eo niioaaonoaothuei aiinoieai: naie aaoi?u eee aieaa iicaeiea
ia?aien/eee. Aiciiaeii, /oi iineaiey eaeia-oi a?aiy auee aiiieiiuie, /oi
niinianoaiaaei aicieeiiaaieth iiaeiaiuo ioeaie eee niciaoaeueiuo
ienoeoeeaoeee. Iaeioi?ia eneeth/aiea ninoaaeyao ooo ia?aia iineaiea na.
Eiaiia, eai i/aaeaeii, /oi aai iaienae aaoi? /aoaa?oiai Aaaiaaeey.
.Ana auoaneacaiiia ia cia/eo, iaeiaei, /oi iineaiey Iiaiai caaaoa ia
i?aaenoaaeytho oeaiiinoe aeey enoi?eeia e ?aeeaiaaaeia. Oeeoeaiuie
ieacaeenue eo ioeoeeaeueiua aaoi?u, ii ia eo niaea?aeaiea. Iu iaoiaeei a
ieo aeinoiaa?iue, aeeaie, iaienaiiue ii ai?y/ei neaaeai niauoee ?anneac
i ?acee/iuo yaeaieyo, oa?aeoa?iuo aeey auoa, i?aaia e nioeeaeueiuo
ioiioaiee a ?annayiiuo ii ie?o o?enoeaineeo iaueiao.
.Aaoi?u iineaiee, oioy e ne?uoua iiae ianeie oeeoeaiuo eiai,
enoi?e/anee aeinoiaa?iu. Aaaeue iie aeaenoaeoaeueii nouanoaiaaee e
no?anoii ai?ieenue ca yoiai iiaiai /aeiaaea. Ii yoi ia auee aiinoieu.
Iie ia ciaee ee/ii Eenona e ia iiaoo n/eoaoueny i/aaeaeoeaie aai aeecie
e aeayiee. Iiyoiio a iineaieyo ia ie/aai oaeiai, /oi iiaei au
i?eaiaeeoueny aeey ainnicaeaiey aeia?aoee O?enoa.
“.”Aeayiey aiinoieia” – yoi aaeeinoaaiiue aeioaaeoee aei ian
ia?aienoi/iee ii enoi?ee o?enoeainoaa aei 3 aaea, inaauathuee
/?acau/aeii aaaeiia o?eaeoeaoeeaoea – ia?eiae io ?aniyoey Eenona aei
iiyaeaiey a ?eia na. Iaaea a 61 – 63 aiaeao. Iu ciaai eae aue aiaao
niauoeyie yoio ia?eiae e eaeia ii eiae ?aoathuaa cia/aiea a enoi?ee
iiaie ?aeeaee, iiyoiio iaoaeeaeoaeueii, /oi o/aiuo i/aiue eio?eaiaae
aii?in, ianeieueei i?aaaeeau ea?oeiu, ecia?aaeaiiua a “Aeayieyo
aiinoieia”, iiaeii ee n/eoaoue yoi ni/eiaiea aeinoiaa?iui enoi/ieeii.
.I?aaeaea anaai anoae aii?in ia aaoi?a yoiai i?iecaaaeaiey e a?aiaie
aai nicaeaiey. N/eoaaony ianiiiaiiui, /oi “Aeayiey aiinoieia” yaeythony
i?iaeieaeaieai Aaaiaaeey io Eoee e ninoaaeytho aianoa n yoei aaaiaaeeai
aaeeioth eiiiiceoeeth iaeiiai e oiai aea aaoi?a, ?acaeaeaiioth ia aeaa
oiia, niioaaonoaothuea oiaaeaoiei aeaoi naeoeai. Yoi aeaeii oioy au ec
ia?aie o?acu “Aeayiee aiinoieia”, aaea aiai?eony: “Ia?aoth eieao iaienae
y e oaaa, Oaioee, i anai, /oi Eenon aeaeae e /aio o/ee …”
.Anoue e ae?oaea aeiaiaeu a iieueco iauaai aaoi?noaa yoeo aeaoo
eiea Iiaiai caaaoa. Oeeieiae onoaiiaeee, iai?eia?, oiaeaeanoai noeey e
eaeneee, ia aiai?y oaea i oii, /oi iaa eieae aaoi? iinayuaao iaeiiio e
oiio aea eeoeo, iaeiaio Oaioeeo. Iieacaoaeueii e oi, /oi i?ieia e
“Aeayieyi aiinoieia” yaeyaony eae au iiaoi?aieai iineaaeiae aeaau
Aaaiaaeey io Eoee, oi anoue caaiii, naycuaathuei a iaeii oeaeia iaa
/anoe iiaanoaiaaiey.
.Niaeanii oea?eiaiie o?aaeeoeee, aaoi?ii iaaeo eiea yaeyaony Eoea,
nae?aoa?ue e a?a/ na. Iaaea. Ii a?yae ee oaeanony eiaaea-eeai a oi/iinoe
onoaiiaeoue ee/iinoue aaoi?a Aaaiaaeey io Eoee, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, e
“Aeayiee aiinoieia”.
.Aii?in i a?aiaie nicaeaiey “Aeayiee aiinoieia” ieacaeny i?iua, oioy
e caeanue ia iaioeinue aac o?oaeiinoae. A oaenoa ni/eiaiey iao ie
iaeiiai iaiaea ia ?ac?ooaiea Ea?onaeeia, e iaeioi?ua aeaeaenou iaoee yoi
ianoiyoaeuenoai aeinoaoi/iui aeey oiai, /oiau caeeth/eoue, /oi “Aeayiey
aiinoieia” auee iaienaiu aei 70 aiaea. Iaeiaei iie i?e yoii oionoeee ec
aeaeo, /oi “Aeayiey aiinoieia” – aoi?ay /anoue Aaaiaaeey io Eoee, /oi
yoi, a nouiinoe, iaeii ni/eiaiea, i?eiaaeeaaeauaa ia?o iaeiiai aaoi?a.
Iaaeaeo oai a oaenoa Aaaiaaeey eiathony oiiieiaiey i ?ac?ooaiee
Ea?onaeeia e aeaaea i ?ai?anneyo, eaeei iiaeaa?aae iineaaeiaaoaeae
O?enoa eiia?aoi? Aeiieoeeai, oea?noaiaaaoee a 81-96 aiaeao. A iineieueeo
“Aeayiey aiinoieia” auee iaienaiu iicaea eee, ii e?aeiae ia?a, a iaeii
a?aiy n aaaiaaeeai, oi eo neaaeoao ioianoe i?eia?ii e 90 aiaeo.
3. Ai?ueaa ca ia?ac O?enoa
.A eiia/iii n/aoa nii?u ia Eenona O?enoa i?eaaee e ia?aciaaieth
aeaoo iniiaiuo oeie – ieoieiae/aneie e enoi?e/aneie.
.I?aaenoaaeoaee ieoieiae/aneie oeieu n/eoatho, /oi iaoea ia
?aniieaaaao aeinoiaa?iuie aeaiiuie ia Eenona O?enoa eae enoi?e/aneie
ee/iinoe. Aaaiaaeueneea ?anneacu i iai, iaienaiiua iiiai eao nionoy
iinea iienaiiuo a ieo niauoeyo, ia niaea?aeao ?aaeueiie enoi?e/aneie
iniiau. E?iia oiai, eae enoi?e/aneea enoi/ieee ia/aea I a. ie/aai ia
aiai?yo i noieue iai?aeeia?iuo niauoeyo, eae aine?anaiea ec ia?oauo, i
/oaeanao, niaa?oaiiuo O?enoii, i aai i?iiiaaaeie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iaeiei ec aaaeiuo a?aoiaioia a iieueco naiae oi/ee c?aiey ieoieiae/aneay
oeiea n/eoaea aiaiaeanoeineia i?ienoiaeaeaiea o?enoeainoaa, a oaeaea
iaee/ea aiaeiaee ni neacaieyie i ?iaeaeathueony, oie?athueo e
aine?anathueo aiaao a ae?oaeo ainoi/iuo eoeueoo?ao, iaee/ea a Aaaiaaeeyo
aieueoiai /enea i?ioeai?a/ee, iaoi/iinoae, ?acii/oaiee.
. Aoi?ay – enoi?e/aneay – oeiea n/eoaao Eenona O?enoa ?aaeueiie
ee/iinoueth, i?iiiaaaeieeii iiaie ?aeeaee, eioi?ue noi?ioee?iaae ?yae
i?eioeeieaeueiuo eaeae, caeiaeeaoeo iniiao o?enoeaineiai aa?io/aiey.
?aaeueiinoue Eenona iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony ?aaeueiinoueth oeaeiai ?yaea
aaaiaaeueneeo ia?niiaaeae, oaeeo, eae Eiaii E?anoeoaeue, aiinoie Iaaae,
e ae?oaeo iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycaiiuo n O?enoii aaaiaaeueneie oaaoeie. A
?anii?yaeaiee iaoee nae/an eiaaony ?yae enoi/ieeia, iiaeoaa?aeaeathueo
auaiaeu enoi?e/aneie oeieu. Oae, a oa/aiea aeeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie
niaea?aeaueeny a “Ae?aaiinoyo” Eineoa Oeaaey (37-iinea 100) o?aaiaio ia
Eenona O?enoa n/eoaeny iicaeiaeoae eioa?iieyoeeae. A o?aoueae aeaaa 18
-ie eieae ?a/ue iieaeao i ?eineii i?ieo?aoi?a
Iiioee Ieeaoa e, iaaeaeo i?i/ei, neacaii neaaeothuaa: “A oi a?aiy aeee
Eenon, ioae?ue ioae, anee oieueei aai iiaeii iacaaoue /aeiaaeii, eai ii
aue /oaeioai?aoe, o/eoaeue ethaeae, ?aaeinoii aini?eieiaaoeo
aicaauaaioth ei enoeio, e iaoae iiiai i?eaa?aeaioeaa n?aaee eoaeaaa e
yeeeiia. Yoi aue O?enoin. Oioy, ii aeiiino ciaoiuo ethaeae iaoaai
ia?iaea, Ieeao i?eeacae ?aniyoue aai, aai o/aieee, ethaeaoea aai,
inoaeenue aio aa?iuie…io iaai aaaeoo naia iacaaiea o?enoeaia, naeoa
eioi?uo n oao ii? ia i?ae?auaaony…”. Iaeiaei iaeaeaiiue a 1971 a. a
Aaeioa a?aaneee oaeno “Ae?aaiinoae”, auiieiaiiue aaeiaoneei aieneiiii
Aaaieai a O a., aeaao ana iniiaaiey i?aaeiieaaaoue, /oi Oeaaeai iienai
iaeei ec ecaanoiuo aio i?iiiaaaeieeia ii eiaie Eenon, oioy a iienaiee
Oeaaey ia aiai?eony i niaa?oaaiuo O?enoii /oaeanao e aai aine?anaiea
iienuaaaony ia eae oaeo, a eae iaeei ec iiiai/eneaiiuo ?anneacia ia yoo
oaio.
.I?aaenoaaeoaee e ieoieiae/aneie, e enoi?e/aneie oeieu aianee
cia/eoaeueiue aeeaae a ecaeaiea aeaeaeneeo oaenoia, a oaeaea ae?oaeo
enoi/ieeia, ioiinyueony e ia?aui aaeai o?enoeainoaa. A iineaaeiea aiaeu
aieueoeinoai ?aeeaeiaaaeia ?acaeaeytho iiaiea i?aaenoaaeoaeae
enoi?e/aneie oeieu
4.?ani?ino?aiaiea o?enoeainoaa a ?eineie eiia?ee
.O/aiea O?enoiai ?ani?ino?aiyeinue nia/aea ia ainoiea, n?aaee aa?aaa
e a?aeia, a no?aiao a?a/aneie ?a/e. Aaaiaaeey auee iaienaiu ia a?a/aneii
ycuea. A ia?aua iieoi?anoa eao a ?eia e caiaaeiie /anoe eiia?ee auei
iaei iineaaeiaaoaeae o?enoeainoaa. A?aee i?eieiaee o?enoeainoai nei?aa,
iioiio /oi iie auee iya/a i?aaaie e ia?aciaaiiaa. O?enoeaineia o/aiea ia
aeaeaei ?acee/ey iaaeaeo ethaeueie ii eo i?ienoiaeaeaieth. Aiinoie
aiai?eo, /oi iao ie yeeeia, ie eoaeay, ie naiaiaeiiai, ie ?aaa, a ana –
iaeii ai O?enoa.
.O?enoeaia ninoaaeyee nia/aea iaaieueoea ae?oaeaneea iauanoaa. *eaiu
yoeo iauanoa noiaeeeenue ia iieeoao e iauoth aanaaeo, iaueiiaaiii
aa/a?ii, a iaiyoue Oaeiie aa/a?e O?enoiaie. I?ienoiaeeea a?aoneay
o?aiaca, ai a?aiy eioi?ie i?e/auaeenue. Iioii noaee ia?aiineoue
i?e/auaiea ia neaaeothuaa ca o?aiacie oo?i.
. O?aiacu ninoaaeyeenue ia iauea aciinu, e naiaio aciino iiiaea
i?eaaaeyee aea?u a iieueco aaaeiuo, ieeinouiae e aeaaioai?eoaeueiui
aeaeii iie oioaee i/enoeoue aeooo naith. Aaaeiuo iacuaaee
“ae?aaioeaiiuie nie?iaeuaie oea?eae”. Nayoui aeaeii n/eoaeinue o
o?enoeai e inaiaiaeaeaiea ?aaa. “?aaa aueoieoue – cia/eo aeooo nianoe”.
O?enoeaineee aieneii Eei?eai o/ee: “A ieaiaiiuo a?aoueyo au aeieaeiu
aeaeaoue O?enoa e aueoiaoue Oiai, Eoi ian aueoiee io nia?oe, au aeieaeiu
au?aaoue ec ?oe aa?aa?ia Oiai, eoi ian au?aae o aeeaaiea”. O?enoeaia
i?acaeiiaaee o?e aeiy a iaaeaea: n?aaeo, iyoieoeo e aine?anaiuea, a
iaiyoue i ieaiaiee O?enoa, io/aie/anoaa Aai e aine?anaiee. A i?acaeieee
iie ia oe?aoaee aeaa?ae e oeeoe oeaaoaie, ia aiaeeee oi?iaiaeia, e yoi
a?inaeinue a aeaca ie?oaeathuei.
. E na?aaeeia I a. a o?enoeainoaa io/aoeeai auyaeeinue iiiaeanoai
?acee/iuo iai?aaeaiee, eioi?ua aaee ai?y/ea nii?u ae?oa n ae?oaii e
aiaoieie eaeaeiuie eiieo?aioaie. ?aiiao?enoeaineea iaueiu ia ciaee
aeiaiaoeee e eoeueoa iicaeiaeoaai o?enoeainoaa. Iaueiu ia eiaee
niaoeeaeueiuo iano aeey i?iaaaeaiey aiaineoaeaiee, ia ciaee oaeinoa,
eeii. Aaeeinoaaiiia, /oi auei iauei aeey anao iauei e a?oiie?iaie, – yoi
aa?a a aeia?iaieueioth eneoieoaeueioth aea?oao, i?eianaiioth ?ac e
iaanaaaea ca a?aoe anao ethaeae iin?aaeieeii iaaeaeo Aiaii e /aeiaaeii.
. A o?enoeaineie iaueia iiaeii auei caiaoeo ?acee/ea iaaeaeo iniauie
?aaieoaeyie aa?u, “niaa?oaiiuie” o?enoeaiaie, e iiiaeanoaii
iaiinayuaiiuo. Io “niaa?oaiiuo” o?enoeai o?aaiaaeinue iiiai noieeinoe,
iie ia aeieaeiu auee aiaaeaoue a oyaeeee a?ao, iiyoiio eo iacuaaee
nayouie e nayuaiieeaie. Iie auee ie?auaiu, ei auee ioe?uou aeaaiua oaeiu
aa?u. E?auaiea n/eoaeinue ?aaiui aieueoiio iieayieth, aeooaaiiio
i?inaaoeaieth e aeaaaeinue eeoue iinea aeieaie iiaeaioiaee.
. Aieueoeinoai ninoiyei ec iaeaoaiiuo, o.a. aioiayueony e e?auaieth.
Anee iinayuaiiuo aiaaeae a a?ao, aai “ioeo/aee” io iaueiu e i?eieiaee
aiiaue eeoue iinea aeieaiai iieayiey. Eiaaea iaueiu noaee aaeeee e
o?enoeaia noaee niae?aoueny a aieueoeo oea?eaao, ?acee/ea iaaeaeo
“niaa?oaiiuie” e anaie inoaeueiuie auei ynii aeaeii a aiaineoaeaiee.
Aeey iaeaoaiiuo e eanathueony ioaiaeeee iniaia aieueoia ianoi a
ia?aaeiae /anoe oea?eae. Iie neooaee oieueei /anoue neoaeau: n/eoaeinue,
/oi ianoaa iaeuecy n ieie iieeoueny, /oiau ia ineaa?ieoue naay.
Eanathueany noiyee a aeo?iie iaeaaeaea n?aaee ieueo, o oea?eiaiie
aeaa?e.
. Ii ia?a ?inoa o?enoeaineiai einiiiieeoecia e oi?ie?iaaiey
iniiaiuo aeiaiaoe/aneeo i?aaenoaaeaiee oneeeeny i?ioeann iooiaea io
eoaeaecia e ?ac?uaa n iei. E eiioeo I – ia/aeo II a., a iniaaiiinoe
iinea ii?aaeaiey aa?aeneeo ainnoaiee i?ioea ?eia e iainiaeaiey
Eoaeaenoaa, yoio ?ac?ua, i/aaeaeii, ioi?ieeny ieii/aoaeueii.
. Iiyaeaiea eee?a ioiineony ei II a. e naycaii n iinoaiaiiui
eciaiaieai nioeeaeueiiai ninoaaa ?aiiao?enoeaineeo iauei. Anee ?aiaa iie
iauaaeeiyee ?aaia e naiaiaeioth aaaeiioo, oi ai II a. a eo ninoaaa oaea
eiathony ?aianeaiieee, oi?aiaoeu, caieaaeaaeaeueoeu e aeaaea ?eineay
ciaoue. Ninoiyoaeueiay /anoue o?enoeai iinoaiaiii nin?aaeioa/eaaao a
naieo ?oeao oi?aaeaiea eiouanoaii e ?oeiaiaenoai aiaineoaeaaiie
i?aeoeeie. Aeieaeiinoiua eeoea, aia/aea ecae?aaiua ia ii?aaeaeaiiue
n?ie, a caoai iiaeeciaiii, ia?acotho eee?. Nayuaiieee, aeeaeiiu,
aieneiiu, ieo?iiieeou auoaniytho oa?eciaoeeia (i?i?ieia) e
nin?aaeioa/eaatho a naieo ?oeao anth iieiioo aeanoe.
. Eciaiaiea nioeeaeueiiai ninoaaa iauei ii?aaeaeeei e yaiethoeeth eo
nioeeaeueiie iai?aaeaiiinoe. Iaaethaeaaony ana aieueoee iooiae io
i?aaeieo aeaiie?aoe/aneeo oaiaeaioeee, ana ianoie/eaaa noaiiaeony
no?aieaiea e nithco n eiia?aoi?neie aeanoueth.
. Eiia?aoi?neay aeanoue, a naith i/a?aaeue, iuouaea ino?oth
iaiaoiaeeiinoue aeiiieieoue ie?iaoth eiia?eth ie?iaie ?aeeaeae. Iiiuoee
i?aa?aoeoue a oaeiaoth iaeio ec iaoeeiiaeueiuo ?aeeaee, a /anoiinoe
?eineoth, oniaoa ia eiaee. Ioaeia auea iiaay ?aeeaey, iiiyoiay anai
ia?iaeai eiia?ee.
. Iaaeaeo o?enoeaiaie auee ethaee no?iaiai iau/ay, eioi?ua n/eoaee
iaaiciiaeiui aoiaeeoue a eaeia-eeai iauaiea n iieeiiieeaie aiaia. Iie
aiai?eee, /oi iaaei ecaaaaoue oaao?a e ea?, iioiio /oi yoi – aeaei
aeueyaiea, iuoiinoue eaeieineoaeaiey. O?enoeaiei ia aeieaeai auoue
neoeueioi?ii, iioiio /oi aio i?eaeaony ecia?aaeaoue aiaia, ia aeieaeai
aea?aeaoue oeieu, iioiio /oi i?eaeaony iauyniyoue ieou i aiaao. Aio
iaeuecy auoue nieaeaoii, iioiio /oi ciaiaia inayuaiu ia/anoeauie
ia?yaeaie. Iaeuecy caieiaoue eaeoth-eeai aeieaeiinoue, iioiio /oi eia/a
i?eoeinue au niaa?oaoue ia?aae ia?iaeii aea?oao, i?enyaaoue ia?aae
noaooae eiia?aoi?a e o.ae.
. Eiaaea o?enoeaia-?aaieoaee a?iiei ioeacuaaeenue io aea?oa, io
iieeiia ia?aae ecia?aaeaieai eiia?aoi?a, eo a?aee iiae no?aaeo e
inoaeaeaee ia eaciue. Eiiaaea ia?iaeiay oieia iiae aia/aoeaieai
eaeie-ieaoaeue aaaeu, iai?eia? caieao?ynaiey, ia?ooeaaeanue ia o?enoeai,
ecaeaaea eo. Ia?iae aioia aue aeaeaoue i?e/eio ian/anouey a “aacaiaeee”
o?enoeai, a oii, /oi o?enoeaia, io?eoeay aiaia, iaaeaeee a?aa ia anao.
Aueua aiiaiey o?enoeainoaa ?eineei ainoaea?noaii a ia/aea VI a.
niaieeenue aeoeaiie iiaeaea?aeeie yoie iiaie ?aeeaee. Eiia?aoi?
Eiinoaioei (ie. 285-337) naiei yaeeeoii io 324 a. iieiaeee ia/aei
i?aa?auaieth o?enoeainoaa a ainoaea?noaaiioth ?aeeaeth ?eineie eiia?ee.
*a?ac aiae, a 325a., iiae aai i?aaenaaeaoaeuenoaii nia?aeny a a. Ieeaa
ia?aue anaeaineee niai? o?enoeaineeo oea?eaae (Ni. Ae. “Ieeaeneee
niai?), nua?aaoee aaaeioth ?ieue a ooaa?aeaeaiee o?enoeaineiai
aa?io/aiey.
5. O?enoeaineay iaueia
.Iieiaeaiea o?enoeai auei o?oaeii, iioiio /oi ?eineea i?aaeoaee ai
a?aiaia eiia?ee i/aiue iiaeic?eoaeueii ioiineeenue ei anyeei nithcai e
iauanoaai, aeaaea naiui iaaeiiui. Iie aiyeenue, /oi iiaeao caaanoenue
caaiai? e eciaia. O?ayi ia iicaieee ono?ieoue a ai?iaea Ieeiiaaeee
aieueioth iiaea?ioth eiiaiaeo ec 150 ieioieeia, iianaynue, /oi o ieo
ia/ioony eaeea-oi oaeiua aeaea. Eaaei ?ac?aoaee oieueei iauanoaa
iia?aaaeueiua.
.Oaeea iauanoaa ninoaaeyeenue ecaeaaia, aieueoae /anoueth a n?aaea
ethaeae aaaeiuo, ieceiai caaiey, ?aaia. Aiaaoue /aeiaae auno?aeaae naaa
aieueoie iiaeeueiue neeai, inoaaeye ii caaauaieth e?oiioth noiio ia
iia?aaaiea e ia iiieiaiea. Aaaeiua ethaee noa?aeenue ono?ieoue iiiei
aeooe ia iauea oiaa?euaneea aciinu. Ianeieueei /aeiaae, iai?eia?, ethaee
iaeiiai ?aianea, ?aau iaeiiai ainiiaeeia, neeaaeuaaeenue eae au a iaeio
naiueth: oiaa?eue iacuaaee naay a?aoueyie e nano?aie; iie iaycuaaeenue
ana i?eoiaeeoue ia iia?aaaiea oia?oaai ni/eaia; Iie auno?aeaaee
aieueooth iauoth iiaeeo – noieo. Yoi auei e?oaeia aeaooyoaaeiia caeaiea:
ieaeiee yoaae iaoiaeeeny a caiea; oai oi?iieee oia?oeo; a aa?oiai aue
ono?iai cae, aaea niae?aeenue aeey o?aiacu, aeey iieeoau a iiieiaeueiua
aeie.
.Ii aieueoeinoai aaaeiuo a?aoneeo nithcia ia iiaee noieueei
nia?aoue, /oiau ono?ieoue noieo; iie iouneeaaee naaa i?inoi
iiaecaiaeuea, /anoi aeaeaei io na?aaeeiu ai?iaea; iai?eia?, a ?eia ?uee
aeoaaea oa yiu e oiaeu, eioi?ua auee ?aiueoa i?iaeaeaiu aeey aeiauaaiey
aeeiu. Oia?oeo eeaee a oaeoaeaiey, i?iaeoua a noaiao aaeieue i?ioiaeia.
Oae iieo/aeenue aeeeiiua e ecaeeenoua oeeoeu e ia?aoeee iiae caieath.
Aeieai oi?iieee a yoeo iiaecaiiuo eeaaeaeuao e niae?aeenue ia iiieiaiea
oia?oeo. Ai iiiaeo ianoao iie ia?acotho ianeieueei yoaaeae, iaeei iaae
ae?oaei. Anee ?anoyiooue iiaeeueiua aaea?ae ?eia a aeeeio, oi iie
ninoaayo aieaa 1000 aa?no a aeeeio.
.*oiau ia aucaaoue i?aneaaeiaaiee, o?enoeaineea iaueiu i?eieiaee
aeae oaeeo aea nithcia. O?enoeainee a?aouey oaeaea ?uee eaoaeiiau,
eioi?ua i?eiueaee e ae?oaei, aieaa noa?eiiui. O?enoeaia niae?aeenue o
iniaaiii aei?iaeo iiaee, aaea iia?aaaiu auee eo/oea ethaee,
caia/aoaeueiua nayoith aeeciueth, iiaeaeaii io/aie/anoaa eee ai?y/ath
i?iiiaaaeueth. Ia?aaeei iaae oaeie iiaeeie anoue iaaieueoay eiiiaoea n
auoiaeii a aaea?ath: a iae noaaeeny noie aeey Aaoa?enoee (i?e/auaiey), e
iia iinoaiaiii ?anoe?yeanue a /aniaith aeey aiaineoaeaiey. Ia?aua
oea?eae auee aiiaua iioiaee ia noieu: a ieaeiae /anoe oea?eae, iiae
iieii o iieyueony auei eeaaeaeua. Noaiu o?enoeaineeo eaoaeiia
oe?aoaeenue aeeaiienueth: iniaaiii /anoi ecia?aaeaeny O?enoin a aeaea
aeia?iai ianou?y, ianouaai caaeoaeooth iaoeo. (ni. I?eeiaeaiea 1).
.*oi eanaaony ?eineie eeoa?aoo?u, oi a yoie iaeanoe iaeuecy auyaeoue
yaiiai e?ecena, iaeiaei neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi iiiuoee aic?iaeaeaiey
?eineie eeoa?aoo?u naiaeeeenue e i?ioeaiiinoaaeaieth o?aaeeoeee noa?ie
?eineie eoeueoo?u o?enoeainoao e “aa?aa?noao”. Nianoaaiiia oai?/anoai
eiina?aaoeaiuo e?oaia ioee/aeinue aania?niaeoeaiinoueth. Ia?aneacu
noa?uo aaoi?ia, oeieueiue iaaeaioeci, neiaieeei-aeeaai?e/aneay
oaioanoeea – yoi oa?aeoa?iua i?eciaee eeoa?aoo?iuo i?iecaaaeaiee
aeaiiiai ia?eiaea. Ienaoue e ecaeaaaoue eieae iiaee oieueei iaania/aiiua
ethaee. Iiiaea iiyou e ienaoaee aeieaeiu auee eneaoue naaa
ninoiyoaeueiuo iie?iaeoaeae. Oaeiai auei iieiaeaiea anae eioaeeeaaioeee
Eiia?ee. Ionthaea – iaaeiaieuenoai e iiiiceoeeiiiinoue eioaeeeaaioia e
aeanoueeiouei.
.Eoeueoo?a a oeaeii iaoiaeeeanue a aua ooaeoai iieiaeaiee: aeeaiienoeu e
neoeueioi?u i?e/eneyeenue a ?eia e ?aianeaiieeai, a eo aeayoaeueiinoue
n/eoaeanue iaaeinoieiie oaaaeaiey, iaeiaei yoi ie a eiae ia?a ia iaoaei
?eieyiai aeaaineeiiii i?eieiaoue i?iecaaaeaiey yoeo iaaeinoieiuo
ianoa?ia.
.A noa?a eneonnoaa iaaethaeaaony iauee oiaaeie aioe/iiai eneonnoaa e
ca?iaeaeaiea iiaiai – o?enoeaineiai.
.Iniaaiii iiiai aieiaiey oaeaeyaony a Eiia?ee oe?aoaieth aeecie,
aan/eneaiiui ?acaea/aieyi, ?ineioiui iiiaiaeiaaiui i?acaeieeai e
c?aeeuai. A oi aea a?aiy a iiaecaiiuo eaoaeiiaao ?eia aeaeaao ia?aua
oaae iiaia o?enoeaineia eneonnoai, euouaa iiauo ynoaoe/aneeo eaeaaeia,
iiauo oi?i au?aaeaiey. Iaaeaeo i?i/ei, ?aiiaa o?enoeainoai aeoeaii
iiaeaea?aeeaaei oaiaeaioeee ycu/aneiai ecia?aceoaeueiiai eneonnoaa, o.a.
ioeac io eeanne/aneei oi?i, io eeethci?iiai iiae?aaeaiey
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, e aic?iaeaeaieth oi?i a?a/aneie a?oaeee.
.O?enoeainoai – anoanoaaiiue i?iaeoeo yeeeienoe/aneie eoeueoo?u. Yoi oio
iiaue a a?aei-?eineii ie?a oaiiiai, eioi?ue aiciee ia iniiaa aeaaiuo
oaiaeaioeee yeeeiecia e iiiioaecio, e iiaie ii?aee.
.Aicieeoaa ia ae?aaiaaa?aeneie ?aeeaee, iii niiaei ioeacaoueny io
aioe/iie eoeueoo?u e iiiaeo i?eioeeiia aioe/iiai iuoeaiey, ioeacuaaynue,
oaeei ia?acii, e io iniiaiuo aeooiaiuo ooieeia yoie eoeueoo?u. Aeooiaiay
eoeueoo?a o?enoeainoaa aicieeea a ?acoeueoaoa acaeiii?iieeiiaaiey aeaoo
iaeaieaa c?aeuo e oeaeinoiuo eoeueoo? ae?aaiaai ie?a, i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo
ae?oa ae?oao ii oeaeiio ?yaeo naieo iniiaiuo ia?aiao?ia, – a?aei-?eineie
e aeeaeiaainoi/iie.
.A ia?aue ia?eiae naiaai nouanoaiaaiey o?enoeainoai, eae iiaay nenoaia
ie?iaini?eyoey, ?acaeaaeinue ia?aeeaeueii ni anaie iniiaiuie
oeeinionei-?aeeaeiciuie oa/aieyie yeeeiecia, iiiaia io?eoeay a ieo,
iiiaia caeinoaoy e (oi, /oi yaeyaony neeueiie noi?iiie o?enoeainoaa)
ieacuaay iuooeiia aeeyiea ia iaeioi?ua ec ieo.
.Iaeiaei ioeaeie auei au iieaaaoue, aoaeoi aioe/iay eoeueoo?a
au?iaeeeanue iioiio, /oi aa iiaoaeei o?enoeainoai, eee iioiio, /oi
eiia?ey o?acuaaea iieeoe/aneoth naiaiaeo. Eiaiii enoi?ey ?aiiaai
o?enoeainoaa iieacuaaao, /oi ionoonoaea iieeoe/aneie naiaiaeu e
?ai?annee ia inoaiiaeee eaeaieiae/aneiai aeaeaeaiey, ioaa/aaoaai
cai?inai ia?iaeiuo iann. Aioe/iay eoeueoo?a noaea eeiieoueny e oiaaeeo
ii ia?a oiai, eae ?aaiaeaaeaeue/aneay oi?iaoeey en/a?iuaaea aiciiaeiinoe
i?ia?anna, a aa iniiaiua eeannu noaee eeannaie, ooiaeyueie a i?ioeia.
Ainiiaenoaothuay nenoaia oeaiiinoae noaea i?eoiaeeoue ai ana aieueoaa
i?ioeai?a/ea n aeaenoaeoaeueiinoueth, noi?iiieeia o iaa inoaaaeinue ana
iaiueoa.
.I?ioano ia?iaeiuo iann i?ioea eaeaieiae/aneiai iaaeeia, iiiuoie
ianeeueii canoaaeoue aa?eoue oiio, /aio oaea ia aa?eee aeia?iaieueii,
e?ecen noa?uo aeooiaiuo oeaiiinoae o?aaiaae eaeiai-oi
nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneiai caiauaiey eo e i?ea?e e ieii/aoaeueiiio
?aneieo noa?ie nenoaiu oeaiiinoae e iiyaeaieth iiaie, ii?aaeaeeaoae
iiaoth oeaeue, iiaue niune aeecie. Yoie iiaie nenoaiie e yaeeinue
o?enoeainoai.
6. Niia?ieee o?enoeainoaa
.Iaeiei ec neeueiaeoeo niia?ieeia o?enoeainoaa aue aiinoeoeeci.
Iniiaiia ?acee/ea yoeo nenoai caeeth/aeinue a oii, /oi o aiinoeeia aia
aaniethoai a naiai niaa?oainoaa e eiaiii iiyoiio ia yaeyaony oai?oeii.
Ie? anoue ie? cea, oi?aaeyaiue aeaiiiaie, iiyoiio ii nioai??i ia aiaii,
a oai?oeii (aeaieo?aii), aiieiuathuei Cei, eiiaaea, enoaoe,
ioiaeaeanoaeyaiui n eoaeaeneei ssoaa. I?aeiouanoai o/aiey aiinoeeia auei
a oii, /oi iii ia iieo/eei no?iai eaiiie/aneiai ioi?ieaiey. Eiaiii
iiyoiio aiinoe/aneea eaeae e oa/aiey iiaee nouanoaiaaoue e aioo?e
eoaeaenoaa, e aioo?e o?enoeainoaa, ieoay iiiaea naeou, n eioi?uie
o?enoeaia aaee aeieaoth e iaeanoi/aiioth ai?ueao ia i?ioyaeaiee o?ao
aaeia (n II-VI).
.Iiaaaea o?enoeainoaa iaae aiinoeoeeciii auea iaoneiaeaia oai, /oi
aiinoeoeeci ia?aiinee caueoo io ie?iaiai cea i?aeiouanoaaiii a iaeanoue
ano?ieiaee, aeaiiiieiaee, aiaaeieiaee e iaaee, oiaaea eae o?enoeainoai
iaauaei nianaiea /a?ac eneoieaiea a?aoia aea?oaaiiie nia?oueth O?enoa e
i?iiiaaaeiaaei aioo?aiiaa naiiniaa?oainoaiaaiea, iniiaaiiia ia aa?a.
Iineieueeo aeaaiui aeey aiinoeeia auei eiooeoeaiia iiciaiea enoeiu, a ia
iiaaaeaiea a ?aaeueiii ie?a, eo yoe/aneea acaeyaeu auee iaii?aaeaeaiiu,
a oai?ee cuaee, iiyoiio ?anoeaao aiinoe/aneeo e iieoaiinoe/aneeo o/aiee
i?eoiaeeony ia ia?aoth iieiaeio II a., eiaaea o?enoeainoai aua ia
iaa?aei aeieaeiie neeu.
.Ae?oaei na?ueaciui niia?ieeii o?enoeainoaa aue ieo?aeci – Eoeueo aiaa
Ieo?u.
.Iiaeiaii o?enoeainoao, ieo?aeci ia?auaeny i?aaeaea anaai e iecoei
neiyi ianaeaiey, ia?aiaiaiiui anyeeie oyaioaie, nicaeaiiuie ?eineie
eiia?eae. Iiaeiaii aiinoeoeecio, ieo?aeci ieeiaaea ia eiae ienaiiai
eaiiia. Ai aeaaa ieo?aenoe/aneie nenoaiu noiyei Aaneiia/iia A?aiy,
aiaeiae/iia aiao aiinoeeia. A ie?a ai?ieenue aeia?ia e ceia ia/aea,
Ieo?a oaeaea aue aeaieo?aii (nicaeaoaeai), ii a ioee/ea io aeaieo?aa
aiinoeeia aeia?ui: ii aue iin?aaeieeii iaaeaeo aiaeanoaaiiuie neeaie
anaeaiiie e /aeiaaeii, caueoieeii /aeiaaea e ia?acoeii aeey
iiae?aaeaiey a aeecie. Ii iaauae i?aaaaeieeai iinia?oiia aeaaeainoai
iinea No?aoiiai Noaea.
.Ieo?aeci aue ?aeeaeae, eioi?oth iaiiiai eaa/a auei i?eniiniaeoue e
o?aaeeoeeiiiui iieeoaenoe/aneei ?aeeaeyi e nioeeaeueiui oeaiiinoyi
?eineie eiia?ee, iaaeaee o?enoeainoai, e oai ia iaiaa, ia?ac Eenona aue
iiiyoiaa e i?eaeaeaoaeueiaa, /ai neaaeiaaiea ca yaii ieoieiae/aneei,
naa?ouanoanoaaiiui Ieo?ie. Iiyoiio ieo?aeci ia ia?aaeee V aaea, e
iioiiee aai i?eaa?aeaioeaa, eae e aieueoeinoai aiinoeeia, aeeeenue a
o?enoeaineea iaueiu.
.Aieaa iaeeeie niia?ieeaie o?enoeainoaa auee oaeea
?aeeaeicii-ienoe/aneea niiauanoaa, eae i?oeee e aa?iaoenou. Iie oai
aieaa ia onoiyee i?ioea iaai – i?oeci – ec-ca iieeoaenoe/iinoe e e?aeiae
caieiooinoe, aa?iaoeci – ec-ca neeoeii aano?aeoiiai e io/anoe
iaae/aneiai oa?aeoa?a.
7. Aieneiiu e eo aeanoue
.*a?ac aeaanoe eao iinea ia/aea o?enoeaineie i?iiiaaaee o?enoeai
auei iiiai e ia caiaaea: iie i?i aeai?a e a aienea, n?aaee aiaaouo
ethaeae. Ec ?aciuo aeeaaeia a iaueiao o?enoeai ninoaaeeenue aieueoea
n?aaenoaa. A ai?iaeao o?enoeaia auno?ieee e?oiiua oea?eae. Iaueiu
ia?anueaeenue iaaeaeo niaith ienueiaie, iiiiaaee ae?oa ae?oao. Aeey
?oeiaiaenoaa anaie yoeie aeaeaie iie auae?aee ec naiae n?aaeu aieneiiia
. Aieneii nei?i noae naiui oaaaeaaiui e neeueiui eeoeii a iaueia. Ii
?anii?yaeaeny aieueoei oea?eiaiui eiouanoaii. E iaio ia?auaeenue aeey
?ac?aoaiey nii?ia e oyaea aianoi oiai, /oiau eaeoe e noaeuea.
O?enoeaiei, ioi?aaeyaoeeny a ae?oaoth no?aio ni naeaeaoaeuenoaii io
aieneiia, ano?a/ae o nia?aoueaa ii aa?a ai?y/ee i?eai: aio aeaaaee
i?etho, iiuaaee iiae, naaeaee ia ia?aia ianoi ca noieii.
.Iaeioi?ua aieneiiu a aieueoeo eee noa?uo ai?iaeao, Aioeioee,
Aeaenaiae?ee, Ea?onaeeia, iieueciaaeenue iniaui ii/aoii. E iiaieth yoeo
iao?ea?oia eee iai iniaaiii i?eneooeaaeenue. Anaai aiea cia/aiey eiae
?eineee aieneii, iioiio /oi ?ei n/eoaee aa/iui ai?iaeii, aeaaie ie?a.
.O?enoeaineea iaueiu ?ani?ino?aieeenue e 300 aiaeo ii anai
iaeanoyie ?eineie eiia?ee. Aieneiiu no?aieeenue ooaa?aeeo ai anao
iaueiao ii?yaeee, iaeii o/aiea, iaeie ia?yaeu. Eiaaea iiaeieiaeny
iaaeaeo iaueiaie nii? i oii, eae iiieiaoue o/aiea, aieneiiu nuacaeaeenue
aianoa n i?anaeoa?aie ia nia?aiey; ia yoeo neiiaeao noa?aeenue
onoaiiaeoue niaeanea. Eoi ionooiae a /ai-ieaoaeue io ooaa?aeaeaiiiai
ii?yaeea eee o/aiey, n/eoaeny a?aoeeii, o.a. “?aneieueieeii”,
“io?acathuei” naay io iauae oea?eae. A?aoeeia ioeo/aee io oea?eae, o.a.
iauyaeyee eeoaiiuie nianaiey.
8. Eiia?aoi? Eiinoaioei
.Ei a?aiaie Aeeieeaoeaia o?enoeaia auee aieueoie neeie a eiia?ee.
Ianoaie noa?ua aiae e eo aeoa?e auee iieeioou. Eiia?aoi?u e eo
iaianoieee aeaeaee, eae aaeeea aeanoue aieneiiia. Ei eacaeinue, /oi
oea?eiaue ioaeaeaao e ethaeae, e aiaaonoaa io neoaeau eiia?ee. Aua ca 50
eao aei Aeeieeaoeaia auee ecaeaiu no?iaea oeacu i?ioea o?enoeai;
nia?aiey eo auee cai?auaiu, ei a?iceee ioia?aieai eiouanoaa. I?e
eiia?aoi?a Aaea?eaia neeueii i?aneaaeiaaee i?anaeoa?ia e aieneiiia,
ieiei eioi?uo oanieeenue aa?othuea: eo aeaeaea nnueea eee eaciue. N oao
ii? i?ioei iiiai eao, a oa/aiea eioi?uo o?enoeaia iiaee aeeoue niieieii.
.E eiioeo i?aaeaiey Aeeieeaoeaia yoe oeacu auee aiciaiiaeaiu, e e
iei i?eaaaeeenue aua aieaa no?iaua ia?u. Nia/aea iia?iceee aueeth/eoue
ec n?aaeu aienea e /enea /eiiaieeia anao, eoi ioeaaeaony i?eianoe
aea?oao aaieth eiia?aoi?a. Caoai Aeeieeaoeai i?aaeienae naea/ue eieae
o?enoeai e neiiaoue eo oea?eae e iieeoaaiiua aeiia.
.I?aneaaeiaaiea o?enoeai ia eiaei oniaoa. Oioy iaeioi?ua
iieieaaaeenue e auaeaee eieae, ii aieueoeinoai inoaeinue oaa?aeuie;
aunooiaee i?iiiaaaeieee, eioi?ua a?iiei iauyaeyee naith aa?o. O?enoeaia
aua e?ai/a aea?aeaeenue ca iino?aaeaaoeo aieneiiia, aieaa neooaeenue eo
neiaa. Aeeieeaoeai ai a?aiy i?aneaaeiaaiee ioeacaeny io aeanoe
eiia?aoi?a.
.Nui aai oiaa?eua ii aeanoe, Eiinoaioei (311-337 aa.), a oaeaea
eeee?eaoe ii i?ienoiaeaeaieth, i?aaeaoee e?aeiae caiaaeiie /aoaa?oie
/anoueth eiia?ee, nia/aea i?eie?eeny n o?enoeaiaie, iioii ia?aoae ia eo
noi?iio. Aeanyoue eao nionoy iinea aiiaiee Aeeieeaoeaia Eiinoaioei
oeacii a Ieeaia iicaieee o?enoeaiai naiaiaeii eniiaaaeiaaoue aa?o.
Iioa?iaaoea iieo/eee iacaae naia eiouanoai.
.Eiinoaioei noae iioii aeaaaoue ia?aaan o?enoeaiai. A naiai aienea
Eiinoaioei aaae iiaia e?anoiia?aciia ciaiy: iaaa?oo aai auee ecia?aaeaiu
ia/aeueiua aoeau eiaie O?enoiaa; ia iai noiyea iaaeienue: “Nei
iiaaaeeoue”. Auei iicaieaii ecia?aaeaoue e?ano ia eiia?aoi?neeo iiiaoao.
Eiinoaioei noae iniaaiii i?eaeeaeaoue e naaa aieneiiia. Ii iicaieee ei
o/anoaiaaoue a noaea, ?aoaoue oyaeau; iicaieee ioioneaoue ?aaia ia aieth
a oea?eaao. Eiinoaioei inaiaiaeee aeooiaainoai io iiaeaoae e oyaeeie
iiaeiiinoe aeinoaaeyoue oeaa a eacio. Ii i?eaeaoae aieneiiia e naiaio
noieo e uaae?i iaea?ye oea?eae. Aieneiiu noaee aeaaiie iii?ie aai
oi?aaeaiey. Naieo aeaoae Eiinoaioei ainieoae a o?enoeainoaa.
9. A?eainoai
.Oaeo ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?eciaiey oea?eae Eiinoaioeiii e i?eiyoey
aa eioa?ania naiei aeaaie anae eiia?ee ia iia ia nicaeaoue oneiaee,
aeaaii?eyoiuo aeey auno?ie ia?aaea/e ia?aaeeaaiee iaeiie eaeie-eeai aa
/anoe e anai ae?oaei. Aioo?aiiyy anaeaineinoue, eaoiee/iinoue oea?eae
eiaea oaia?ue aiciiaeiinoue eaa/a aiieiuaoueny ai aiaoieo oi?iao
anaeaineiai iauaiey. Aio iaeii ec oneiaee, aeaaiaea?y eioi?iio
aniuoioaoee i/a?aaeiie aiaineiaiue nii? a yoi a?aiy iaauaaei oe?iei
?acaieiiaae anth oea?eiaue e io/ee aa eae a aeanoieie eeoi?aaeea oeaeuo
60 eao. Ii e iinea yoiai ia caia? ieii/aoaeueii, a ia?aoae a
aeaeueiaeoea nii?u, iio?ynoea oea?eiaue noieue aea oieaa?naeueii aua
oeaeuo iieouny/aeaoey ( IV- IX aa.).
.Ainoaea?noai, i?eiyaoaa aeoeaiia, a caoai e no?anoiia o/anoea a
yoeo nii?ao , n naiiai ia?aiai iiiaioa, o.a. n Eiinoaioeia Aaeeeiai,
naeaeaaoaai eo /anoueth e ia?aaeei aeaaiie inueth anae naiae iieeoeee,
aaeaa ee yoei ieacaei aa?ioth oneoao oea?eae, eeoea aa naiaiaeu
aioo?aiiaai ecaeeaaiey naieo ?aciiiuneeee e eo eieaeece?iaaiey.
.Neiaii. anaeaineee iiaea? a?eainoaa i/aiue oa?aeoa?ai aeey ia/aea
ainoaea?noaaiiiai iie?iaeoaeuenoaa oea?eae e, iiaeao auoue io/anoe ei
iauyniyaony, oeacuaay ia ia?aoioth noi?iio, eioi?ay anoue o anyeie
iaaeaee.
.Aiaoiyy enoi?ey a?eaineiai nii?a ia caeeth/aao a naaa ieeaeeo
aeaiiuo ii aai iaiau/aeiiio ?acaeoeth. Ie nai ii naaa nii? aiaineiaia,
ie ee/iinoue a?anea?oa A?ey ia i?aaenoaaeyee niaie ie/aai auaeathuaainy.
Ii aioo?aiiyy nouiinoue nii?a, eiia/ii, auea /?acau/aeii aaaeiie n oi/ee
c?aiey o?enoeaineie aeiaiaoeee .
.Iiiaio iieeoe/aneee caeeth/aeny a ieaiaiiie ia/oa ooaa?aeeoue pax
Romana ia aaca eaoiee/aneie oea?eae. Ia Caiaaea Eiinoaioei ai?ieny ca
nio?aiaiea aaeeinoaa e aaoi?eoaoa aieneiiaoa eaoiee/aneie oea?eae. A oi
a?aiy eae ia Ainoiea caai?aaony ?acaei?. Ae?oa e caueoiee A?ey, aieneii
noieeoeu Ieeiieaeee Aanaaee, ?iaenoaaiiee Eeeeiey* e aai i?eaeai?iue
i?eaeeaeaiiue, iia ?eniaaoue Eiinoaioeio o?aaiaeioth ea?oeio, eiaaea
eaoiee/aneay oea?eiaue, aei neo ii? auaoay ae?oaii a aai ainoiaeaeaiee e
aaeeiiaea?aeaaeth, aae?oa eae au ia?anoaea auoue oaeie aaeeiie aacie e
a eaeie-oi /anoe naeaeaeanue au ia?oeae aai niia?ieeia. Eiinoaioei
ai?y/i i?eiyeny oooeoue iiaea? oea?eiaiue ni anai aeia?iniaanoiui
ona?aeeai. A ?acaeaeeaoeeny aieneiiao ia/ae oaeaeaoueny a naiae ai?ueaa
iaaeeiaie ia eiiiee i?eaeai?iuo iano?iaiee e caoaaoii aeanoe /a?ac
iieeoe/aneie iie?iaeoaeuenoai.
.Ii aue a yoie oe?ioa o?enoeaineeo aieiaiee e aiieia anoanoaaiiue
naiaiaeiue aeooiaii-eoeueoo?iue iiiaio. A eiaiii, iaaieueiia e neo/aeiia
niioaaonoaea a?eaineie aeieo?eiu, iecaiaeeaoae e??aoeeiiaeueioth
o?enoeaineoth o?eaaeieiaeth e oi?iuaiiiio iaoaiaoe/aneiio iiiioaecio,
iaoaie/anee niaaeeiaiiiio n iieeoaeciii, iineieueeo Nui Aiaeee n/eoaeny
“aiaii n iaeaiueeie aoeau”. Oaeia iino?iaiea auei neiiaoe/ii e i?eaieaii
ianna neoaeeeiai e eioaeeeaaioiiai ycu/anoaa, aeaeiiiai iieeoeeie e
ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeaie a eiii oea?eae, i?eiyoie eiia?aoi?ii.
Iiiioaeci a yoie ianna, ?acaeaeyaoee eaeath e ii/eoaiea Aaeeiiai Aiaa
iiae eiaiai “Summus Deus”. Aue i/aiue iiioey?ai, ii aue
iieo?aoeeiiaeenoe/ai e /oaeae o?enoeaineie O?ie/iinoe Eeoe a Aiaeanoaa.
Oae, iiaeieueuaynue ei aeonai ycu/aneiai iauanoaa /a?ac a?eaineea
oi?ioeu oea?eiaue iiaea au ia?aaeaaaoue naith o?enoieiaeth e
nioa?eieiaeth. Iiyoiio i?aaaaeiue einoeieo i?aaineaaiuo aieneiiia e
aiaineiaia oae aa?ie/anee e oii?ii ainnoae ia ai?ueao n a?eaineeie
oaiaeaioeeyie e ia iia oniieieony, iiea ai?ueaa ia oaai/aeinue
iiaaaeith. Anoae aii?in aeecie e nia?oe: auoue eee ia auoue naiiio
o?enoeainoao?
.Aii?in caino?yeny aei oi?ioeu “auoue eee ia auoue?” ia a niunea
enoi?e/aneiai auoey ei ?inoa o?enoeainoaa, a a niunea ea/anoaaiiii: a
niunea aiciiaeiie iai?eiaoiie aeey iann iiaeiaia naiie nooe o?enoeainoaa
eae ?aeeaee eneoieaiey. Iiaeao auoue, auei au e i?iua e
* O.a. Eeoeeiey – nii?aaeoaey Eiinoaioeia
oniaoiaa i?aiiaeiineoue ianna o?enoeainoai eae ?aeeaeth
ii?aeenoe/aneoth. Ia yoi oi?iuaiea e ?aoeeiiaeece?iaaiea o?enoeainoaa
eae ?ac e nineieuecioei a?eainoai. N a?eaineie aeiaiaoeeie o?enoeainoai,
iiaeao auoue , e ia oa?yei au naiaai iaoina, eae ?aeeaey aaaiaaeueneiai
a?aoiethaey, aneacu e iieeoaaiiiai iiaeaeaa. Aeey oaeie ?aoeeiiaeueiie,
iaoo?aeueiie ?aeeaeiciinoe aeinoaoi/ii au auei e Neiaeneiai
Aiaeanoaaiiiai ioe?iaaiey. E oaea nianai eeoia e aeaaea aanniuneaiii
/oaei Aiaiaiieiuaiey. Aio yoi-oi iauaeoeaiia /oaei , yoa-oi oaeia
o?enoeainoaa e oi?acaeiyaony a?eainoaii. Aeeaeaeoe/anee a?eainoai aaei e
aioeo?ie/iinoe Aiaa, e iaanniuneaieth ai/aeiaa/aiey oioy au e Aunoaai,
Aaeeii?iaeiiai, Aaeeinoaaiiiai ec nuiia Aiaeeeo. Yoi aue noa?eeueiue
iiiioaeci, iiaeiaiue eoaeaecio e eneaio. Ia iiieiaei a?eainoai, /oi
nooue o?enoeainoaa ia a noauaeoeaiie ii?aee, a a iauaeoeaiie oaeia
eneoieaiey. Eiaiii yoo nooue o?enoeainoaa e nianaee aeinoineaaiua iooeu
IV a. , aei eiioea ioaa?aoea a?eainoai ai anao aai ooeu?aiiuo e
i?ee?iaaiiuo oi?iao .
10.Ianoi?eainoai
. Aeaaeu Ianoi?ey ia?anaeeeenue ec Ia?nee a Ne?eeneoth Naiinaoo aua
ycu/ieeaie e caeanue oaea noaee o?enoeaiaie .Io iaeiiai eo nuia e
?iaeeeny Ianoi?ee. Ia?oaeiinoe ii aue , eae ia?aaeatho, aeaaiia?aciie e
aeiaieueii i?eyoiie. Iaaieueoiai ?inoa, ii n aieueoeie au?aceoaeueiuie
aeacaie e naaoei-?uaeaaaoie oaaaeth?ie. O/eeny Ianoi?ee a Aa?iaiee e
aeaaea iaeii a?aiy a Aoeiao. A Aioeioee neooae eaeoeee Oaiaei?a
Iiinoanoeeneiai . Iaeii ne?neia aeeoaeneia o/aiea ?anneacuaaao i oii,
eae Oaiaei? iaioonoaiaae e i?ecuaae auoue naea?aeaiiui naiaai o/aieea ii
neo/ath auciaa Ianoi?ey a Eiinoaioeiiiieue, iineieueeo, “ieeiaaea aua
aeaiueia ia ?iaeaeaea noieue ?aaiinoiiai nuia” . ssaeaoenue a
Eiinoaioeiiiieue, Ianoi?ee aiia?acee naay aeaaiui eno?aaeoaeai a?aoeeia
e n/eoae, /oi aeieaeai caiyoueny caeanue aaia?aeueiie /enoeie. A
anooieoaeueiie ?a/e (10 ai?aey 428a. ), ia?auaiiie e eiia?aoi?o
Oaiaeineth -II, Ianoi?ee ?aciaoenoi e?aniineiaeo: “Aeae iia caieth,
i/euaiioth io a?aoeeia, e y aeai oaaa iaai”. “Oea?ue. ?acaeaae ni iiith
a?aoeeia e y ?acaeaaeth n oiaie ia?nia”. Oaea /a?ac iyoue aeiae ii
anooieaieth a aeieaeiinoue Ianoi?ee ?anii?yaeeeny cae?uoue a?eaineoth
oea?eiaue, eioi?ay ioe?uoi ooieoeeiie?iaaea a noieeoea. A?eaia
iaiaaeeaiii iiaeiaeaee aa e ono?ieee aieueoie iiaea? ai anai eaa?oaea.
Ieciaay noiee/iay aaeoaoeey i?eeeaeea e eiaie Ianoi?ey eee/eo
“iiaeaeeaaoaey”. Ii ianoiyieth Ianoi? y i?aaeoaeuenoai aiciaiiaeei ana
noa?ua iioiaeu i?ioea a?aoeeia. E Ianoi?ee i?aaieciaae aaia?aeueiue
iioiae i?ioea a?aoeeia e ?aneieueieeia, oaeoe/anee nouanoaiaaaoeo
ne?iiii e ia caaeiai ieaia ioeoeeaeueiie oea?eiaiinoe. Iiaeaa?aeenue
aiiaieth ie?iua e ii/oe eaaaeueiua nithcieee i?aaineaaey iiaeaia.
/aou?aiaaeanyoieee, iaeaaeiieaia.
. Aua aei Ianoi?ey, i?e Eiaiia Ceaoionoa, n?aaee noiee/iuo aiaineiaia
oee nii?u i Iaoa?e Aiaeeae. Ii ie Ceaoiono, ie ae?oaea aieneiiu ia
aeaeaee ioaeaeu aiaoeaaoueny a nii? e iiaeuiaoue ooi. Ii Ianoi?ee ia
ooa?iae. Ie a Aeaenaiae?ee, ie a ?eia ia ?acaeaeinue aic?aaeaiee. Ii
aioeioeeoeu aic?aaeaee: ia iiaea Ia?ey ?iaeeoue Aiaeeth Eiinoanue.
Ianoi?ee i?eaac n niaie iiauo ethaeae. Ec ieo i?anaeoa? Aianoanee ia/ae
iieaieeo aiaiia i?ioea neiaioiio?aaeaiey neiaa “Aiai?iaeeoea”.
?acaeaeenue i?ioanou. A ee/iua eiieo?aiou Ianoi?ey i?anaeoa?u I?iee e
Oeeeii iano?ieee i?ioea iaai nano?o eiia?aoi?a Ioeueoa?eth. Iioea iieaa:
aio i?eancee ia eaoaae?o niioa/anoaaiieea Iaaea Naiinaoneiai, ii e
i?eaac a noieeoeo aai noa?oth a?anue. Oaeiai ?iaea iaaeoiaiea auaanee
ecaanoiue aaeaieao Aanaaee, aiineaaenoaee aieneii Aei?eeaeneee.
Caaieiiaaeenue iiiaoe. Io ieo yaeeanue aea?ciiaaiiay aeaiooaoeey e
Ianoi?eth. A Ianoi?ee caiin/eai, ia oieaeaynue aeaaea aei ?acaiai?ia
n ieie, ioaeaao eo iiae noae ca iaiineooaiea, a?inaao a oth?ueio,
iiaeaa?aaao ae/aaaieth. Nicaeaao oai naiui naa iiauo e neeueiuo a?aaia.
. Eaeiai aea o/aiea naiiai Ianoi?ey? Iii i?inoi iiaoi?aiea o?ieia
Oaiaei?a Iiinoanoeeneiai. Yoi io/aoeeaia ia oieueei ?acee/aiea, ii e
?acaeaeaiea aeaoo i?e?iae n aeaoiy eiinoanyie. O?enoin e a /aeiaaea
iieiiee/ai. O?enoin e anoue “O?ai”, e “aeeaouee a iai Anaaea?aeeoaeue
Aia”. A yoii o?aia iaeoaao e “niiieeiiyaiue aianoa n Aiaii /aeiaae” .
Oaeei ia?acii, aaeeinoai eeoea ooo ia ?anoi?aaeinue.
. Eeoue eiy “O?enoin” iaicia/aao iaa i?e?iaeu e e iaio iiaeii
i?eiaiyoue e /aeiaa/aneea, e aiaeanoaaiiua aeaenoaey e i?eciaee. Ii e e
eiaie Aia aeicaieeoaeueii ioiineoue oieueei aeaenoaey aiaeanoaaiiua. E
O?enoo, eae /aeiaaeo, – oieueei i?aaeeeaou /aeiaa/aneea. Iaeuecy
neacaoue “I?aaeaa/iue ieaaeaiaoe”, “Aia ieoaeny ieaeii”.
. Nii? ia eiaie “Aiai?iaeeoea” anoue, oaeei ia?acii, eeoue /anoiue
neo/ae oae iacuaaaiiai “iauaiey naienoa”. Iiyoiio e Ianoi?ee, niya/ay
?aceinoue auaeaeiooiai ei i?iiiaaaeieea Aianoaney, ia i?aaeeiaeee
oa?iei “/aeiaaei?iaeeoea”. Ii ii e ia ioaa?a yoiai oa?ieia. I?eciae aai
oieueei iaiieiui. Aianoi iaai i?aaeeiaeee aieaa iieiia iaeiaiiaaiea:
O?enoi?iaeeoea. Ii Ianoi?eth , eiy Aiai?iaeeoeu iaoi/ii, iioiio /oi iii
ii?iaeaeaao iuneue, aoaeoi naii Aiaeanoai O?enoiai iieo/eei niaa ia/aei
io Aeaau Ia?ee.
11.Iiiioecenonoai
.I?e aeai?a eiia?aoi?a Oaiaeiney -II aai nano?a Ioeueoa?ey oaea ia
iieueciaaeanue i?aaeiei aeeyieai. Ni naiae aeaiie eiia?ao?eoeae
Aaaeieeae
Oaiaeinee -II aue a nni?a. Iia aeeea oaia?ue ioaeaeueii a Ea?onaeeia.
Iia auea aei/a?ueth aoeineiai i?ioanni?a ?eoi?eee e e?anoeeanue oieueei
ia?aae a?aeii n Oaiaeineai -II. A neea i?e aeai?a aue aeaaiue eaia?aa?
O?enaoee. N iei ?yaeii noiye aai e?anoiue ioaoe Aaoeoee, aiaeaeue
cia/eoaeueiie a?oiiu iiiaoia, aea?aeaaoee naycue n Aeaenaiae?eae e
Aaeioii. Aaoeoee aue ecaeaaia ecaanoai eae iiai?iee Ee?eeea. Ii
?aoeoaeueii io?eoeae aaeeiinouiinoue /aeiaa/anoaa O?enoa iaoaio
/aeiaa/anoao. Oeao?a Aaoeoey au?anoaea ai anaeiia?neoth aaee/eio.
“Ainoi/iua” i?iaiaaee aai aoaeiaaoue. Aeiii ia?aue iaienae eiia?aoi?o ia
Aaoeoee eae i aiieeeia?enoa. A 447a. Oaiaei?eo iioaeeeiaae naie
“Y?aieno”* – aeeaeia, eciaee/athuee o/aiea Aaoeoey, ia iacuaay eiaie
iineaaeiaai. A o?ao /anoyo aeeaeiaa – Iai?aeiaeiue, Ianeeyiiue,
Aanno?aniue Oaiaei?eo iaee/ae o?e caaeoaeaeaiey: ia eciaiyaiinoe Aiaa, i
neeyiee i?e?iae e i no?aaeaiee Aiaa. N aieueoei eiee/anoaii oeeoao ec
nayouo iooeia.
.Ii Aeiii e ana “ainoi/iua” ia?aioeaiee naie neeu. Caeoeeniue
Aaoeoee eo iiaaaeee. E i?eoii iaiaeeaeaiii e oa?iaeathua. 16 oaa?aey
448a. Iiyaeeny eiia?aoi?neee ?ane?eio i aeaeao aa?u. A iai auei
aiciaiiaeaii inoaeaeaiea ni/eiaiee Ianoi?ey. I?eaa?aeaioeu Ianoi?ey
iiaeeaaeaee ioeo/aieth e ieceiaeaieth. Oaeeo aauae a iaeanoe aa?u ia
aea?cae aua aeaeaoue ie iaeei ec i?aaeieo eiia?aoi?ia.
.8 iiya?y 448a. a Eiinoaioeiiiiea nia?aeny iau/iue “neiiaein
yiaeeiona”. Naieo aieneiiia o Eiinoaioeiiiiey ia auei, a iaee/iua
nia?aaoeany auee ec ?aciuo iaeanoae. Aanaaee cayaee yoiio neiiaeo, /oi
eiaao aeieacaoaeuenoaa, /oi Aaoeoee, ii iaiueoae ia?a a i?ioeii,
aea?aeaeny a?aoe/aneeo iuneae. Yoi ioe?uoia ainnoaiea enioaaei iiiaeo.
Aanaaeth oaea a?iceee nnueeie ca eeaaaoo. Aaoeoee ioeacaeny iaiaaeeaiii
yaeony a eniiae ii i?eioeeieaeueiiio iaaoo – “i?aauaaoue a caoai?a, eae
a a?iaa”. Aio auea aeaia ion?i/ea aei 22 iiya?y. Aaoeoee nnueaeny ia
aieaciue. Ii iaeiiaoe 22 iiya?y yaeeny a neiiae, ii, oae neacaoue,
“aii?oaeaiiui”: iiae io?aiie iieeoeee e aunieiai naiiaieea Oei?aioey, a
nii?iaiaeaeaiee oieiu iiiaoia. Oei?aioee acye n iooeia neiiaea ?anieneo
a oii, /oi Aaoeoee aoaeao naiaiaeii ioiouai, eaeia au iinoaiiaeaiea ia
auei i?eiyoi.
.Aaoeoee aue i/aiue oeeii/ea a ioaaoao. Iaeiaei i?eciaaae, /oi
O?enoin “ec aeaoo anoanoa”. Cai?ioieiee?iaaiu oaeea aai au?aaeaiey: “Aei
naai aeiy y ia aiai?ee, /oi oaei Ainiiaea e Aiaa iaoaai aaeeiinouii iai,
ii y i?eciath, /oi na. Aeaaa aaeeiinouia iai.”, “Aei ianoiyuaai /ana y
aiyeny aiai?eoue yoiai. Ii oae eae oaia?ue yoi neacaii aaoei
nayoaeoanoaii, oi aiai?th e y.”. “ss eniiaaaeoth, /oi Ainiiaeue iao aue
ec aeaoo anoanoa aei niaaeeiaiey. A iinea niaaeeiaiey y eniiaaaeoth
aaeeioth i?e?iaeo.”
.Oaeei ia?acii Aaoeoee niaeaneeny i?eciaoue “aaeeiinouiinoue”
Eenona O?enoa n iaie eeoue ii /aeiaa/anoao, ii inoaeny ia iiceoeee
“iaeiie i?e?iaeu” ii niaaeeiaiee (oioy e ec aeaoo)
.Canaaeaiea naeaeaeinue ao?iui. Aaoeoey oaauaaaee e aieneiiu, e
aeaaea nai naiaoi? Oei?aioee. N iai? iinoaiiaee, /oi o/aiea Aaoeoey
noiaeii n aiieeeia?eainoaii. Aaoeoee eeoaaony naia, caaiey
a?oeiaiae?eoa, e iauaiea n iei aini?auaaony.
.I?eaiai? aue i/aiue ?aoeoaeueiue. Aei naai iiiaioa ia auei
ieeaeiai naycothuaai iinoaiiaeaiey ia ioaa?aeaiee aeey i?aaineaaiuo
iiiioeceoneeo oi?ioe e ia?aaeaeaiey io ieo ae?oaeie, niai?ii
au?aaioaiiuie aeeoaceoneeie oi?ioeaie. Aaoeoee aeieaiai?eeny aei
oi?ioeu, /oi Eenon O?enoin “iaaaeeiinouiue iai”, o.a. /oaeae
/aeiaa/anoao.
Caeeth/aiea
.Aeiaiaou aa/iu e iaen/a?iaaiu. Yoaiu eo ?ane?uoey a niciaiee e
enoi?ee oea?eae, ii?aaeaeaiey – yoi aa?noiaua noieau , ia eioi?uo
ia/a?oaiu ?oeiaiaeyuea aacioeai/iua oeacaiey, eoaea e eae oaa?aiii e
aaciianii aeieaeia eaeoe aeeaay o?enoeaineay iuneue, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiay
e niai?iay. Enoi?ey ?aeeaee, a a /anoiinoe o?enoeainoaa, anoue
?acaa?ouaaiea nooiaiae ana ia?anoathuaai ioe?iaaiey Aiaeey a noaeueaao
caiiiai /aeiaa/anoaa, a aua oi/iaa – a noaeueaao iaeioi?uo aai /anoae,
o.a. ioaeaeueiuo ia?iaeia.
.Ciaeiiynue n ioeoeeaeueiie enoi?eae ?acaeoey Caiee, iu aeaeei, eae
ia oiia iinoiyiiuo aiei, ai?ueau ca aeanoue iiyaeythony o/aiey,
iuoathueany iieacaoue eaaeaeiio /aeiaaeo aai ianoiyuaa eeoei, oeaee e
caaea/e, ianoi a einie/aneie yaiethoeee. Oaeeie o/aieyie yaeythony
ie?iaua ?aeeaee, a a /anoiinoe o?enoeainoai: aio i?eaea?aeeaathony e, y
aeoiath, aoaeoo i?eaea?aeeaaoueny iiiaea aiaeu e, iiaeao ,aeaaea aaea.
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