AAAAeAIEA
Oeceea (a ia?aaiaea n a?a/aneiai – iaoea i i?e?iaea) – iaoea ia iaueo
naienoaao e caeiiao aeaeaeaiey aauanoaa e iiey. (Iaeay niaaoneay
yioeeeeiiaaeey).
Oaea a ii?aaeaeaiee oeceee eae iaoee caeiaeaii ni/aoaiea a iae eae
oai?aoe/aneie, oae e i?aeoe/aneie /anoae. Aaoi? ?aaiou n/eoaao aaaeiui,
/oiau a i?ioeanna iao/aiey o/aueony oeceea o/eoaeue niia eae iiaeii
iieiaa i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue naiei o/aieeai acaeiinaycue yoeo /anoae.
Aaaeue eiaaea o/aueany ii/oanoaotho yoo acaeiinaycue, oi iie niiaoo
iiiaei i?ioeannai, i?ienoiaeyuei aie?oa ieo a auoo, a i?e?iaea, aeaoue
aa?iia oai?aoe/aneia iauyniaiea. Yoi, ii iiaieth aaoi?a, iiaeao
yaeyoueny iieacaoaeai aeinoaoi/ii iieiiai aeaaeaiey iaoa?eaeii.
Eaeea oi?iu iao/aiey i?aeoe/aneiai oa?aeoa?a iiaeii i?aaeeiaeeoue a
aeiiieiaiea e ?anneaco i?aiiaeaaaoaey? A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, eiia/ii, yoi
iaaethaeaiea o/aieeaie ca aeaiiino?aoeeae iiuoia, i?iaiaeeiuo o/eoaeai a
eeanna i?e iauyniaiee iiaiai iaoa?eaea eee i?e iiaoi?aiee i?ieaeaiiiai,
oae aea iiaeii i?aaeeiaeeoue iiuou, i?iaiaeeiua naieie o/aueieny a
eeanna ai a?aiy o?ieia a i?ioeanna o?iioaeueiie eaai?aoi?iie ?aaiou iiae
iaiin?aaenoaaiiui iaaethaeaieai o/eoaey. Aua iiaeii i?aaeeiaeeoue:
1)iiuou, i?iaiaeeiua naieie o/aueieny a eeanna ai a?aiy oece/aneiai
i?aeoeeoia; 2)iiuou-aeaiiino?aoeee, i?iaiaeeiua o/aueieny i?e ioaaoao;
3)iiuou, i?iaiaeeiua o/aueieny aia oeieu ii aeiiaoiei caaeaieyi o/eoaey;
4)iaaethaeaiey e?aoeia?aiaiiuo e aeeeoaeueiuo yaeaiee i?e?iaeu, oaoieee
e auoa, i?iaiaeeiua o/aueieny ia aeiio ii iniaui caaeaieyi o/eoaey. Yoa
eeanneoeeaoeey acyoa ec [2, n. 4] a nie?auaiiii aeaea, auee aua?aiu
ioieou, eanathueany caaeaiee i?aeoe/aneiai oa?aeoa?a.
*oi iiaeii neacaoue i i?eaaaeaiiuo auoa oi?iao iao/aiey? I?e i?iaaaeaiee
aeaiiino?aoeeiiiiai iiuoa a eeanna n?aco a?aiy, ioaiaeeiia ia iiuo,
ia?aie/eaaaony i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth o?iea, a ia naiii aeaea aua
iaiueoa. I?e yoii iniiaioth aeayoaeueiinoue auiieiytho o/eoaeue e, a
eo/oai neo/aa, iaeei – aeaa o/aieea. Inoaeueiua oieueei iaaethaeatho ca
i?iaaaeaieai iiuoa. *anoi iinea o?iea, ia eioi?ii i?iaiaeeeanue
aeaiiino?aoeey, e noieo o/eoaey iiaeoiaeeo iiiai aeaoae, aeaeathueo
iie?ooeoue ?o/eo aaia?aoi?a, iio?iaaoue noaeai n aiaeie ia iuoiue, /oiau
ii?aaeaeeoue aai oaiia?aoo?o e oae aeaeaa. Yoi an? iieacuaaao oi, /oi
iiiaea aeaoe naie oioyo noaaeoue iiuou, ei yoi eioa?anii! O/eoaey
anaaaea noa?athony (eiia/ii, anee yoi oi?ioea o/eoaey) aanoe iao/aiea
oaeei ia?acii, /oiau aeaoyi auei eioa?anii. A ooo e eneaoue ie/aai ia
iaaei – aeaoe naie aeatho iiaeneaceo i oii, /oi iie ia i?i/ue
iiyenia?eiaioe?iaaoue naie, iiniio?aoue oa yaeaiey, i eioi?uo
?anneacuaae o/eoaeue a oai?ee, ia i?aeoeea. Nouanoaotho, eiia/ii,
o?iioaeueiua eaai?aoi?iua ?aaiou, a eioi?uo o/aueiny, eae i?aaeei,
?acaeaeaiiui ia a?eaaaeu ii ianeieueei /aeiaae, i?aaeeaaaaony naiei
i?iaanoe iaeioi?ua iiuou e naeaeaoue ecia?aiey n iineaaeothuei ?an/aoii.
Ooo aicieeaao neiaeiinoue: ia anaaaea a oeieueiii eaaeiaoa oeceee anoue
aeinoaoi/iia eiee/anoai eiiieaeoia i?eai?ia e iai?oaeiaaiey aeey
i?iaaaeaiey oaeeo ?aaio. Noa?ia iai?oaeiaaiea i?eoiaeeo a iaaiaeiinoue,
a, e niaeaeaieth, ia ana oeieu iiaoo iicaieeoue naaa caeoieo iiaiai. Aea
e io ia?aie/aiey ii a?aiaie ieeoaea ia aeaiaoueny. A anee o iaeiie ec
a?eaaae /oi-oi ia iieo/aaony, ia ?aaioaao eaeie-oi i?eai? eee /aai-eeai
ia oaaoaao, oiaaea iie ia/eiatho i?ineoue i iiiiue o/eoaey, ioaeaeay
ae?oaeo io auiieiaiey eaai?aoi?iie ?aaiou.
A /oi aoaeao, anee o/eoaeue i?aaeeiaeeo o/aieeai auiieieoue iiuo eee
i?iaanoe iaaethaeaiea aia oeieu, oi anoue aeiia eee ia oeeoea? N?aco
neaaeoao neacaoue oi, /oi a?aiaia, eiaaea i?aeoe/anee ethaie iia
i?iaa?eoue naioth nia?aiaiioth oece/aneoth oai?eth o naay aeiia ooee a
i?ioeia eao oae ia aeaanoe. Nae/an ia ia?aaeiaua enneaaeiaaiey ioaeiu
ia?iiiua n?aaenoaa, eioi?ua ia anaaaea eiathony aeaaea o iaeioi?uo
no?ai. Oaeei ia?acii, iiuou, caaeaaaaiua ia aeii, aeieaeiu ia o?aaiaaoue
i?eiaiaiey eaeeo-eeai i?eai?ia e nouanoaaiiuo iaoa?eaeueiuo cao?ao. Yoi
aeieaeiu auoue iiuou n aiaeie, aicaeooii, n i?aaeiaoaie eioi?ua anoue a
eaaeaeii aeiia. Eoi-oi iiaeao oniiieoueny a iao/iie oeaiiinoe oaeeo
iiuoia, eiia/ii, iia oai ieieiaeueia. Ii ?acaa ieioi, anee ?aaaiie nai
iiaeao i?iaa?eoue ioe?uoue ca iiiai eao aei iaai caeii eee yaeaiea? Aeey
/aeiaa/anoaa iieuecu ieeaeie, ii eaeiaa iia aeey ?aaaiea! Iiuo –
caaeaiea oai?/aneia, aeaeay /oi-eeai naiinoiyoaeueii, o/aiee, oi/ao ii
yoiai eee iao, a caaeoiaaony: eae i?iua i?iaanoe iiuo, aaea ano?a/aeny
ii n iiaeiaiui yaeaieai ia i?aeoeea, aaea aua iiaeao auoue iieacii
aeaiiia yaeaiea. Caeanue iaaei caiaoeoue oi, /oiau aeaoe iao/eeenue
ioee/aoue oece/aneea iiuou io any/aneeo oieonia, ia iooaoue iaeii n
ae?oaei.
*oi iaiaoiaeeii ?aaaieo, /oiau i?iaanoe iiuo aeiia? A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue,
iaaa?iia, yoi aeinoaoi/ii iiae?iaiia iienaiea iiuoa, n oeacaieai
iaiaoiaeeiuo i?aaeiaoia, aaea a aeinooiiie aeey ?aaaiea oi?ia neacaii,
/oi iaaei aeaeaoue, ia /oi ia?aoeoue aieiaiea. A oeieueiuo o/aaieeao
oeceee ia aeii i?aaeeaaaaony eeai ?aoaoue caaea/e, eeai ioaa/aoue ia
iinoaaeaiiua a eiioea ia?aa?aoa aii?inu. Oai ?aaeei iiaeii ano?aoeoue
iienaiea iiuoa, eioi?ue ?aeiiaiaeoaony oeieueieeai aeey
naiinoiyoaeueiiai i?iaaaeaiey aeiia. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, anee o/eoaeue
i?aaeeaaaao o/aieeai i?iaeaeaoue /oi-eeai aeiia, oi ii iaycai aeaoue ei
iiae?iaiue eino?oeoaae.
A yoie ?aaioa aaoi? noaaeo naaa oeaeue ?ac?aaioaoue iaai? iiuoia,
i?eaiaeiuo aeey i?iaaaeaiey oeieueieeaie a aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo. Aeey
aeinoeaeaiey auoaoeacaiiie oeaee ia?aae aaoi?ii noiyo neaaeothuea
caaea/e: 1)aiaeec eeoa?aoo?u; 2)?ac?aaioea iaoiaeeee i?eiaiaiey
aeiiaoieo iiuoia e iaaethaeaiee ii oeceea a i?ioeanna iao/aiey;
3)?ac?aaioea iaai?a iiuoia, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue i?aaeeiaeaiu o/eoaeai
naiei o/aieeai aeey aeiiaoiaai auiieiaiey.
OAI?AOE*ANEAss *ANOUe.
Aia?aua aeiiaoiea iiuou e iaaethaeaiey ii oeceea noaee i?iaiaeeoueny a
1934/35 o/aaiii aiaeo Iie?ianeei N.O. a oeiea ? 85 E?aniii?aniaineiai
?aeiia ai?iaea Iineau. Eiia/ii, yoa aeaoa yaeyaony oneiaiie, aua a
ae?aaiinoe o/eoaey (oeeiniou) iiaee niaaoiaaoue naiei o/aieeai
iiiaaethaeaoue ca i?e?iaeiuie yaeaieyie, i?iaa?eoue eaeie-eeai caeii eee
aeiioaco ia i?aeoeea a aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo. A naiae eieaa “Iiuou e
iaaethaeaiey a aeiiaoieo caaeaieyo ii oeceea” [2] Iie?ianeee ieoao i
oii, /oi naiinoiyoaeueiua ?aaiou o/aueony i?e auiieiaiee ?acee/iuo
oi?aaeiaiee yaeythony iaiaoiaeeiui yoaiii onaiaiey o/aueieny ciaiee,
?acaeoey eo iuoeaiey, oai?/aneeo niiniaiinoae, oi?ie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey
oiaiee e iaaueia. I?iaaaeaiea iiuoia e iaaethaeaiee a aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo
yaeyaony i?ae?aniui aeiiieiaieai ei anai aeaeai eeanniuo i?aeoe/aneeo
?aaio. Iie?ianeee ieoao i oii, /oi o/eoaey aeieaeiu ieaie?iaaoue naith
?aaioo oae, /oiau i?ioiaeaeaiea eaaeaeie oaiu, eaaeaeiai oceiaiai
aii?ina auei iaania/aii ni/aoaieai ?aaio oai?aoe/aneeo e i?aeoe/aneeo.
Ie iaeia oaia ia aeieaeia auoue i?ieaeaia /enoi oai?aoe/anee, eae ie
iaeia ?aaioa ia aeieaeia auoue i?iaeaeaia aac inaauaiey aa iao/iie
oai?ee. Oiaeia ni/aoaiea oai?ee n i?aeoeeie e i?aeoeee n oai?eae aeano
ioaeiue ainieoaoaeueiue e ia?aciaaoaeueiue yooaeo e iaania/eo auiieiaiea
o?aaiaaiee, eioi?ua i?aaeuyaeyao iai iaaeaaiaeea. Iniiaiia i?oaeea
iao/aiey oeceea (aa i?aeoe/aneie /anoe) a oeiea – aeaiiino?aoeeiiiue e
eaai?aoi?iue yenia?eiaio, n eioi?ui o/aueeny aeieaeai eiaoue aeaei a
eeanna i?e iauyniaieyo o/eoaey, ia eaai?aoi?iuo ?aaioao, a oece/aneii
i?aeoeeoia, a oece/aneii e?oaeea e a aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo.
Aac yenia?eiaioa iao e ia iiaeao auoue ?aoeeiiaeueiiai iao/aiey oeceea;
iaeii neiaaniia iao/aiea oeceea iaecaaaeii i?eaiaeeo e oi?iaeecio e
iaoaie/aneiio cao/eaaieth. Ia?aua iunee o/eoaey aeieaeiu auoue
iai?aaeaiu ia oi, /oiau o/aueeny aeaeae iiuo e i?iaeaeuaae aai nai,
aeaeae i?eai? a ?oeao i?aiiaeaaaoaey e aea?aeae aai a naieo nianoaaiiuo
?oeao. Iaeiaei anee o/aueany aoaeoo i?iaeaeuaaoue ?acee/iua iiuou e
iaaethaeaoue ca aeaiiino?aoeeae iiuoia, auiieiyaiuo o/eoaeai, ii ia
aoaeoo neuoaoue i?iaeoiaiiuo y?eeo ?anneacia i?aiiaeaaaoaey, ia aoaeoo
?aoaoue caaea/, ia aoaeoo /eoaoue o/aaieea e ciaeiieoueny n eeoa?aoo?ie,
oi oaeoth ?aaioo o/eoaey aua iaeuecy iacaaoue oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiie.
?anneac o/eoaey i oece/aneeo caeiiao e yaeaieyo – yoi ooiaeaiaio,
caeeaaeuaathuee iniiao ia?aciaaiey o/auaainy, aaaaeaiea ei anae aai
oai?aoe/aneie e i?aeoe/aneie o/aaa. Anoanoaaiii iiyoiio ?anneac o/eoaey
aeieaeai auoue aeioiae/eaui, i?inoui, oi/iui e au?aceoaeueiui, y?eei e
e?ani/iui.
Anee ?anneac i?aiiaeaaaoaey yaeyaony aaaaeaieai a oai?aoe/aneia e
i?aeoe/aneia iao/aiea oeceea, oi iniiaie i?aeoe/aneiai iao/aiey
yaeythony: aeaiiino?aoeey iiuoia o/eoaeai e o?iioaeueiua eaai?aoi?iua
?aaiou. Aeey oiai, /oiau iiiyoue eaeia ianoi n?aaee i?aeoe/aneeo oi?i
iao/aiey caieiatho aeiiaoiea iiuou e yenia?eiaiou ?anniio?ei ae?aooea
yoe auoaia?a/eneaiiua oi?iu iao/aiey. Aeey yoiai ainiieuecoainy eieaie
[1] ec nienea eeoa?aoo?u.
Aeaiiino?aoeeiiiue yenia?eiaio yaeyaony iaeiie ec ninoaaeythueo
o/aaiiai oece/aneiai yenia?eiaioa e i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aini?iecaaaeaiea
oece/aneeo yaeaiee o/eoaeai ia aeaiiino?aoeeiiiii noiea n iiiiuueth
niaoeeaeueiuo i?eai?ia. Ii ioiineony e eeethno?aoeaiui yiie?e/aneei
iaoiaeai iao/aiey. ?ieue aeaiiino?aoeeiiiiai yenia?eiaioa a iao/aiee
ii?aaeaeyaony oie ?ieueth, eioi?oth yenia?eiaio ea?aao a oeceea-iaoea
eae enoi/iee ciaiee e e?eoa?ee eo enoeiiinoe, e aai aiciiaeiinoyie aeey
i?aaiecaoeee o/aaii-iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe o/aueony.
Cia/aiea aeaiiino?aoeeiiiiai oece/aneiai yenia?eiaioa caeeth/aaony a
oii, /oi:
-o/aueany ciaeiiyony n yenia?eiaioaeueiui iaoiaeii iiciaiey a oeceea, n
?ieueth yenia?eiaioa a oece/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo (a eoiaa o ieo
oi?ie?oaony iao/iia ie?iaicc?aiea);
-o o/aueony oi?ie?othony iaeioi?ua yenia?eiaioaeueiua oiaiey:
iaaethaeaoue yaeaiey, auaeaeaaoue aeiioacu, ieaie?iaaoue yenia?eiaio,
aiaeece?iaaoue ?acoeueoaou, onoaiaaeeaaoue caaeneiinoe iaaeaeo
aaee/eiaie, aeaeaoue auaiaeu e o.i.
Aeaiiino?aoeeiiiue yenia?eiaio, yaeyynue n?aaenoaii iaaeyaeiinoe,
niinianoaoao i?aaiecaoeee aini?eyoey o/aueieny o/aaiiai iaoa?eaea, aai
iiieiaieth e caiiieiaieth; iicaieyao inouanoaeoue iieeoaoie/aneia
iao/aiea o/aueony; niinianoaoao iiauoaieth eioa?ana e eco/aieth oeceea e
nicaeaieth iioeaaoeee o/aiey. Ii i?e i?iaaaeaiee o/eoaeai
aeaiiino?aoeeiiiiai yenia?eiaioa o/aueany oieueei ianneaii iaaethaeatho
ca iiuoii, i?iaiaeeiui o/eoaeai, naie i?e yoii ie/aai ia aeaeatho
nianoaaiiuie ?oeaie. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, iaiaoiaeeii iaee/ea
naiinoiyoaeueiiai yenia?eiaioa o/aueony ii oeceea.
Cia/aiea e aeaeu naiinoiyoaeueiiai yenia?eiaioa o/aueony ii oeceea. I?e
iao/aiee oeceea a n?aaeiae oeiea yenia?eiaioaeueiua oiaiey oi?ie?othony
i?e auiieiaiee naiinoiyoaeueiuo eaai?aoi?iuo ?aaio.
Iao/aiea oeceea iaeuecy i?aaenoaaeoue oieueei a aeaea oai?aoe/aneeo
caiyoee, aeaaea anee o/aueiny ia caiyoeyo iieacuaathony
aeaiiino?aoeeiiiua oece/aneea iiuou. Ei anai aeaeai /oanoaaiiiai
aini?eyoey iaaei iaycaoaeueii aeiaaaeoue ia caiyoeyo “?aaioo ?oeaie”.
Yoi aeinoeaaaony i?e auiieiaiee o/aueieny eaai?aoi?iiai oece/aneiai
yenia?eiaioa, eiaaea iie naie niae?atho onoaiiaee, i?iaiaeyo ecia?aiey
oece/aneeo aaee/ei, auiieiytho iiuou. Eaai?aoi?iua caiyoey aucuaatho o
o/aueony i/aiue aieueoie eioa?an, /oi aiieia anoanoaaiii, oae eae i?e
yoii i?ienoiaeeo iiciaiea o/aieeii ie?oaeathuaai ie?a ia iniiaa
nianoaaiiiai iiuoa e nianoaaiiuo iuouaiee.
Cia/aiea eaai?aoi?iuo caiyoee ii oeceea caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi o
o/aueony oi?ie?othony i?aaenoaaeaiey i ?iee e ianoa yenia?eiaioa a
iiciaiee. I?e auiieiaiee iiuoia o o/aueony oi?ie?othony
yenia?eiaioaeueiua oiaiey, eioi?ua aeeth/atho a naay eae
eioaeeaeooaeueiua oiaiey, oae e i?aeoe/aneea. E ia?aie a?oiia ioiinyony
oiaiey: ii?aaeaeyoue oeaeue yenia?eiaioa, auaeaeaaoue aeiioacu,
iiaeae?aoue i?eai?u, ieaie?iaaoue yenia?eiaio, au/eneyoue iia?aoiinoe,
aiaeece?iaaoue ?acoeueoaou, ioi?ieyoue io/ao i i?iaeaeaiiie ?aaioa. Ei
aoi?ie a?oiia ioiinyony oiaiey: niae?aoue yenia?eiaioaeueioth onoaiiaeo,
iaaethaeaoue, ecia?youe, yenia?eiaioe?iaaoue.
E?iia oiai, cia/aiea eaai?aoi?iiai yenia?eiaioa caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
i?e aai auiieiaiee o o/aueony au?aaaouaathony oaeea aaaeiua ee/iinoiua
ea/anoaa, eae aeeo?aoiinoue a ?aaioa i?eai?aie; niaethaeaiea /enoiou e
ii?yaeea ia ?aai/ai ianoa, a caienyo, eioi?ua aeaeathony ai a?aiy
yenia?eiaioa, i?aaieciaaiiinoue, ianoie/eainoue a iieo/aiee ?acoeueoaoa.
O ieo oi?ie?oaony ii?aaeaeaiiay eoeueoo?a oinoaaiiiai e oece/aneiai
o?oaea.
A i?aeoeea iao/aiey oeceea a oeiea neiaeeeenue o?e aeaea eaai?aoi?iuo
caiyoee:
-o?iioaeueiua eaai?aoi?iua ?aaiou ii oeceea;
-oece/aneee i?aeoeeoi;
-aeiiaoiea yenia?eiaioaeueiua ?aaiou ii oeceea.
O?iioaeueiua eaai?aoi?iua ?aaiou – yoi oaeie aeae i?aeoe/aneeo ?aaio,
eiaaea ana o/aueany eeanna iaeiia?aiaiii auiieiytho iaeiioeiiue
yenia?eiaio, eniieuecoy iaeeiaeiaia iai?oaeiaaiea. O?iioaeueiua
eaai?aoi?iua ?aaiou auiieiythony /aua anaai a?oiiie o/aueony, ninoiyuae
ec aeaoo /aeiaae, eiiaaea eiaaony aiciiaeiinoue i?aaieciaaoue
eiaeeaeaeoaeueioth ?aaioo. Niioaaonoaaiii a eaaeiaoa aeieaeii auoue
15-20 eiiieaeoia i?eai?ia aeey o?iioaeueiuo eaai?aoi?iuo ?aaio. Iauaa
eiee/anoai oaeeo i?eai?ia aoaeao ninoaaeyoue ieiei ouny/e oooe. Iacaaiey
o?iioaeueiuo eaai?aoi?iuo ?aaio i?eaiaeyony a o/aaiuo i?ia?aiiao. Eo
aeinoaoi/ii iiiai, iie i?aaeoniio?aiu i?aeoe/anee ii eaaeaeie oaia eo?na
oeceee. Ia?aae i?iaaaeaieai ?aaiou o/eoaeue auyaeyao iiaeaioiaeaiiinoue
o/aueony e niciaoaeueiiio auiieiaieth ?aaiou, ii?aaeaeyao aianoa n ieie
aa oeaeue, ianoaeaeaao oiae auiieiaiey ?aaiou, i?aaeea ?aaiou n
i?eai?aie, iaoiaeu au/eneaiey iia?aoiinoae ecia?aiee. O?iioaeueiua
eaai?aoi?iua ?aaiou ia i/aiue neiaeiu ii niaea?aeaieth, oanii naycaiu
o?iiieiae/anee n eco/aaiui iaoa?eaeii e ?ann/eoaiu, eae i?aaeei, ia
iaeei o?ie. Iienaiey eaai?aoi?iuo ?aaio iiaeii iaeoe a oeieueiuo
o/aaieeao ii oeceea.
Oece/aneee i?aeoeeoi i?iaiaeeony n oeaeueth iiaoi?aiey, oaeoaeaiey,
?anoe?aiey e iaiauaiey iieo/aiiuo ciaiee ec ?aciuo oai eo?na oeceee;
?acaeoey e niaa?oainoaiaaiey o o/aueony yenia?eiaioaeueiuo oiaiee iooai
eniieueciaaiey aieaa neiaeiiai iai?oaeiaaiey, aieaa neiaeiiai
yenia?eiaioa; oi?ie?iaaiey o ieo naiinoiyoaeueiinoe i?e ?aoaiee caaea/,
naycaiiuo n yenia?eiaioii. Oece/aneee i?aeoeeoi ia naycai ii a?aiaie n
eco/aaiui iaoa?eaeii, ii i?iaiaeeony, eae i?aaeei, a eiioea o/aaiiai
aiaea, eiiaaea – a eiioea ia?aiai e aoi?iai iieoaiaeee e aeeth/aao
na?eth iiuoia ii oie eee eiie oaia. ?aaiou oece/aneiai i?aeoeeoia
o/aueany auiieiytho a a?oiia ec 2-4 /aeiaae ia ?acee/iii iai?oaeiaaiee;
ia neaaeothueo caiyoeyo i?ienoiaeeo niaia ?aaio, /oi aeaeaaony ii
niaoeeaeueii ninoaaeaiiiio a?aoeeo. Ninoaaeyy a?aoee, o/eouaatho /enei
o/aueony a eeanna, /enei ?aaio i?aeoeeoia, iaee/ea iai?oaeiaaiey. Ia
eaaeaeoth ?aaioo oece/aneiai i?aeoeeoia ioaiaeyony aeaa o/aaiuo /ana,
/oi o?aaoao aaaaeaiey a ?anienaiea naeaiaiiuo o?ieia ii oeceea. Yoi
i?aaenoaaeyao cao?oaeiaiey. Ii yoie i?e/eia e ec-ca iaaeinoaoea
iaiaoiaeeiiai iai?oaeiaaiey i?aeoeeotho iaeii/aniaua ?aaiou oece/aneiai
i?aeoeeoia. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi i?aaeii/oeoaeueiuie yaeythony
aeaoo/aniaua ?aaiou, iineieueeo ?aaiou i?aeoeeoia neiaeiaa, /ai
o?iioaeueiua eaai?aoi?iua ?aaiou, auiieiythony iie ia aieaa neiaeiii
iai?oaeiaaiee, i?e/ai aeiey naiinoiyoaeueiiai o/anoey o/aieeia
cia/eoaeueii aieueoa, /ai a neo/aa o?iioaeueiuo eaai?aoi?iuo ?aaio.
Oece/aneea i?aeoeeoiu i?aaeoniio?aiu a iniiaiii i?ia?aiiaie 9-11
eeannia. A eaaeaeii eeanna ia i?aeoeeoi ioaiaeeony i?eia?ii 10 /ania
o/aaiiai a?aiaie. E eaaeaeie ?aaioa o/eoaeue aeieaeai ninoaaeoue
eino?oeoeeth, eioi?ay aeieaeia niaea?aeaoue: iacaaiea, oeaeue, nienie
i?eai?ia e iai?oaeiaaiey, e?aoeoth oai?eth, iienaiea iaecaanoiuo
o/aueiny i?eai?ia, ieai auiieiaiey ?aaiou. Iinea i?iaaaeaiey ?aaiou
o/aueany aeieaeiu naeaoue io/ao, eioi?ue aeieaeai niaea?aeaoue: iacaaiea
?aaiou, oeaeue ?aaiou, nienie i?eai?ia, noaio eee ?enoiie onoaiiaee,
ieai auiieiaiey ?aaiou, oaaeeoeo ?acoeueoaoia, oi?ioeu, ii eioi?ui
au/eneyeenue cia/aiey aaee/ei, au/eneaiey iia?aoiinoae ecia?aiee,
auaiaeu. I?e ioeaiea ?aaiou o/aueony a i?aeoeeoia neaaeoao o/eouaaoue
eo iiaeaioiaeo e ?aaioa, io/ao i ?aaioa, o?iaaiue noi?ie?iaaiiinoe
oiaiee, iiieiaiea oai?aoe/aneiai iaoa?eaea, eniieuecoaiuo iaoiaeia
yenia?eiaioaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey.
Aeiiaoiea yenia?eiaioaeueiua ?aaiou. Aeiiaoiea eaai?aoi?iua ?aaiou –
i?inoaeoee naiinoiyoaeueiue yenia?eiaio, eioi?ue auiieiyaony o/aueieny
aeiia, aia oeieu, aac iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai eiio?iey ni noi?iiu o/eoaey ca
oiaeii ?aaiou.
Aeaaiua caaea/e yenia?eiaioaeueiuo ?aaio yoiai aeaea:
-oi?ie?iaaiea oiaiey iaaethaeaoue oece/aneea yaeaiey a i?e?iaea e a
auoo;
-oi?ie?iaaiea oiaiey auiieiyoue ecia?aiey n iiiiuueth ecia?eoaeueiuo
n?aaenoa, eniieuecothueony a auoo;
-oi?ie?iaaiea eioa?ana e yenia?eiaioo e e eco/aieth oeceee;
-oi?ie?iaaiea naiinoiyoaeueiinoe e aeoeaiinoe.
Aeiiaoiea eaai?aoi?iua ?aaiou iiaoo auoue eeanneoeoee?iaaiu a
caaeneiinoe io eniieuecoaiiai i?e eo auiieiaiee iai?oaeiaaiey:
-?aaiou, a eioi?uo eniieuecothony i?aaeiaou aeiiaoiaai iaeoiaea e
iiae?o/iua iaoa?eaeu (ia?iue noaeai, ?oeaoea, auoiaua aanu e o.i.);
-?aaiou, a eioi?uo eniieuecothony naiiaeaeueiua i?eai?u (?u/aaeiua aanu,
yeaeo?ineii e ae?.);
-?aaiou, auiieiyaiua ia i?eai?ao, auioneaaiuo i?iiuoeaiiinoueth.
Eeanneoeeaoeey acyoa ec [1].
A naiae eieaa [2] N.O. Iie?ianeee iieacae, /oi aeiiaoiea iiuou e
iaaethaeaiey ii oeceea, i?iaiaeeiua naieie o/aueieny: 1)aeatho
aiciiaeiinoue iaoae oeiea ?anoe?eoue iaeanoue nayce oai?ee n i?aeoeeie;
2)?acaeaatho o o/aueony eioa?an e oeceea e oaoieea; 3)aoaeyo oai?/aneoth
iuneue e ?acaeaatho niiniaiinoue e ecia?aoaoaeuenoao; 4)i?eo/atho
o/aueony e naiinoiyoaeueiie enneaaeiaaoaeueneie ?aaioa; 5)au?aaaouaatho
o ieo oeaiiua ea/anoaa: iaaethaeaoaeueiinoue, aieiaiea, ianoie/eainoue e
aeeo?aoiinoue; 6)aeiiieiytho eeanniua eaai?aoi?iua ?aaiou oai
iaoa?eaeii, eioi?ue ieeae ia iiaeao auoue auiieiai a eeanna (?yae
aeeeoaeueiuo iaaethaeaiee, iaaethaeaiea i?e?iaeiuo yaeaiee e i?i/aa), e
7)i?eo/atho o/aueony e niciaoaeueiiio, oeaeaniia?aciiio o?oaeo.
Aeiiaoiea iiuou e iaaethaeaiey ii oeceea eiatho naie oa?aeoa?iua
iniaaiiinoe, yaeyynue /?acau/aeii iieaciui aeiiieiaieai e eeanniui e
aiiaua oeieueiui i?aeoe/aneei ?aaioai.
Oaea aeinoaoi/ii aeaaii ?aeiiaiaeiaaii o/aueiny eiaoue aeiiaoithth
eaai?aoi?eth. a iaa aeeth/aeenue a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue eeiaeee, iaico?ea,
ai?iiea, aanu, ?aciiaanu, aeeiaiiiao?, o?eaiiao?, iaaieo, /anu n
naeoiaeiie no?aeeie, aeaeaciua iieeee, o?oaee, i?iaiaea, aaoa?aeea,
eaiii/ea. Iaeiaei, ianiio?y ia oi, /oi a iaai? aeeth/aiu aanueia i?inoua
i?eai?u, yoi i?aaeeiaeaiea ia iieo/eei ?ani?ino?aiaiey.
Aeey i?aaiecaoeee aeiiaoiae yenia?eiaioaeueiie ?aaiou o/aueony iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue oae iacuaaaioth ieie-eaai?aoi?eth, i?aaeeiaeaiioth
o/eoaeai-iaoiaeenoii A.N. Iauaaeeiaui, a eioi?oth aoiaeyo iiiaea
i?aaeiaou aeiiaoiaai iaeoiaea (aoouei/ee io iaieoeeeeeia, ?aceiee,
ieiaoee, eeiaeee e o.i.) /oi aeinooiii i?aeoe/anee eaaeaeiio oeieueieeo.
A.N. Iauaaeeia ?ac?aaioae aanueia aieueoia /enei eioa?aniuo e iieaciuo
iiuoia n yoei iai?oaeiaaieai.
Iiyaeeanue oaeaea aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaoue YAI aeey i?iaaaeaiey a
aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo iiaeaeueiiai yenia?eiaioa. Iiiyoii, /oi
niioaaonoaothuea caaeaiey iiaoo auoue i?aaeeiaeaiu oieueei oai
o/aueiny, o eioi?uo aeiia anoue eiiiuethoa? e i?ia?aiii-iaaeaaiae/aneea
n?aaenoaa.
*oiau o/aieee oioaee o/eoueny, iaiaoiaeeii /oiau i?ioeann iao/aiey aue
eioa?anai aeey ieo. *oi aea eioa?anii o/aieeai? Aeey iieo/aiey ioaaoa ia
yoio aii?in ia?aoeiny e auaea?aeeai ec noaouee E.A. Eeoiaei, IIN(I)O ?1
a. Naiaiaeiiai “Aeiiaoiea yenia?eiaioaeueiua caaeaiey eae yeaiaio
oai?/anoaa o/aueony”, iioaeeeiaaiiie a eioa?iaoa. Aio /oi ieoao E.A.
Eeoiaei:
“Iaeia ec aaaeiaeoeo caaea/ oeieu – iao/eoue o/aueony o/eoueny,
oe?aieoue eo niiniaiinoue e naii?acaeoeth a i?ioeanna ia?aciaaiey, aeey
/aai iaiaoiaeeii noi?ie?iaaoue o oeieueieeia niioaaonoaothuea onoie/eaua
aeaeaiey, eioa?anu, oiaiey. Aieueooth ?ieue a yoii ea?atho
yenia?eiaioaeueiua caaeaiey ii oeceea, i?aaenoaaeythuea ii naiaio
niaea?aeaieth e?aoeia?aiaiiua iaaethaeaiey, ecia?aiey e iiuou, oanii
naycaiiua n oaiie o?iea. *ai aieueoa iaaethaeaiee oece/aneeo yaeaiee,
iiuoia i?iaeaeaao o/aueeny, oai eo/oa ii onaieo eco/aaiue iaoa?eae.
Aeey eco/aiey iioeaaoeee o/aueony ei auee i?aaeeiaeaiu neaaeothuea
aii?inu e iieo/aiu ?acoeueoaou:
*oi aai i?aaeony i?e eco/aiee oeceea?
a)?aoaiea caaea/ -19%;
a)aeaiiino?aoeey iiuoia -21%;
a)/oaiea o/aaieea aeiia -4%;
a)?anneac o/eoaeai iiaiai iaoa?eaea -17%;
ae)naiinoiyoaeueiia auiieiaiea iiuoia -36%;
a)ioaao o aeinee -3%.
Eaeia aeiiaoiaa caaeaiea au i?aaeii/eoaaoa auiieiyoue?
a)/oaiea o/aaieea -22%;
a)?aoaiea caaea/ ec o/aaieea -20%;
a)iaaethaeaiea oece/aneeo yaeaiee -40%;
a)ninoaaeaiea caaea/ -75;
ae)ecaioiaeaiea i?inouo ono?ienoa, iiaeaeae -8%;
a)?aoaiea o?oaeiuo caaea/ -3%.
Ia eaeii o?iea aai eioa?anii?
a)ia eiio?ieueiie ?aaioa -3%;
a)ia eaai?aoi?iie ?aaioa -60%;
a)ia o?iea ?aoaiey caaea/ -8%;
a)ia o?iea eco/aiey iiaiai iaoa?eaea -29%;
ae)ia ciath -7%.
Aiaeec ioaaoia iieacae, /oi /aoei oeene?oaony eioa?an o/aueony e
yenia?eiaioo. E yoi iaoaeeaeoaeueii, oae eae iniaaiiinoueth oeceee
yaeyaony aa yenia?eiaioaeueiue oa?aeoa?. Iiyoiio ia?yaeo n iau/iuie
aeiiaoieie caaeaieyie – eco/aieai oaenoa o/aaieea, auo/eaaieai i?aaee,
caeiiia, ?aoaieai caaea/ e oi?aaeiaiee – iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau o/aueany
auiieiyee caaeaiey i?aeoe/aneiai oa?aeoa?a: iaaethaeaiea yaeaiee a
i?e?iaea, auiieiaiea ea/anoaaiiuo iiuoia, ecia?aiee.
A o/aaieeao “Oeceea-7”, “Oeceea-8” (aaoi?u A.A.Ia?uoeei, I.A.?iaeeia)
o/aueiny iinea eco/aiey ioaeaeueiuo oai i?aaeeaaathony
yenia?eiaioaeueiua caaeaiey aeey iaaethaeaiee, eioi?ua iiaeii auiieieoue
a aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo, iauynieoue eo ?acoeueoaou, ninoaaeoue e?aoeee
io/ao i ?aaioa…
…Nenoaiaoe/aneia auiieiaiea o/aueieny yenia?eiaioaeueiuo eaai?aoi?iuo
?aaio niinianoaoao aieaa iniciaiiiio e eiie?aoiiio aini?eyoeth
eco/aaiiai ia o?iea iaoa?eaea, iiauoaao eioa?an e oeceea, ?acaeaaao
ethaiciaoaeueiinoue, i?eaeaaao oeaiiua i?aeoe/aneea oiaiey e iaauee. Yoe
caaeaiey yaeythony yooaeoeaiui n?aaenoaii iiauoaiey naiinoiyoaeueiinoe e
eieoeeaoeau o/aueony, /oi aeaaii?eyoii neacuaaaony ia anae eo o/aaiie
aeayoaeueiinoe”
Ec noaouee E.A.Eeoiaei aeaeii, /oi iiiaei o/aueiny i?e eco/aiee oeceee
i?aaeony iaaethaeaoue ca iiuoaie, a iiiaea ia i?i/ue i?iaeaeaoue
eaeea-eeai iiuoa aeiia a ea/anoaa aeiiaoiaai caaeaiey. Eaeea aua iethnu
o aeiiaoieo yenia?eiaioia ii n?aaiaieth n iiuoaie e eaai?aoi?iuie,
i?iaiaeeiuie a eeanna? Eae oaea aiai?eeinue, yoi iaiaa aeanoeia
ia?aie/aiea ii a?aiaie. Oae aea aeaoe aeiia /oanoaotho naay aieaa
eiioi?oii, /ai ia eaai?aoi?iuo caiyoeyo a oeiea, aaea iiiaea aeaoe iiaoo
i?aauaaoue a no?anniaii ninoiyiee, /oi iiaeao io?eoeaoaeueii aeeyoue ia
i?iaeoeoeaiinoue auiieiaiey ?aaiou. I?e auiieiaiee caaeaiey aeiia
oeieueieee iieiinoueth naiinoiyoaeueii auiieiytho caaeaiea, caieiathony
oai?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoueth, /oi aeaaii?eyoii neacuaaaony ia eo
?acaeoee. I oii, /oi aeiiaoiea iiuou iieacii eniieueciaaoue o/eoaeth a
i?ioeanna iao/aiey oeieueieeia neacaii aeinoaoi/ii iiiai. Oaia?ue
iiniio?ei, /oi aea i?aaenoaaeytho niaie yoe iiuou e eae n ieie iiaeii
?aaioaoue o/eoaeth.
O?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e aeiiaoiei yenia?eiaioai. I?aaeaea anaai,
yoi, eiia/ii, aaciianiinoue. Oae eae iiuo i?iaiaeeony o/aieeii aeiia
naiinoiyoaeueii, aac iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai eiio?iey o/eoaey, oi a iiuoa ia
aeieaeii auoue ieeaeeo oeie/aneeo aauanoa e i?aaeiaoia, eiathueo oa?ico
aeey caei?iauey ?aaaiea e aai aeiiaoiaai ie?oaeaiey. Iiuo ia aeieaeai
o?aaiaaoue io o/aieea eaeeo-eeai nouanoaaiiuo iaoa?eaeueiuo cao?ao, i?e
i?iaaaeaiee iiuoa aeieaeiu eniieueciaaoueny i?aaeiaou e aauanoaa,
eioi?ua anoue i?aeoe/anee a eaaeaeii aeiia: iinoaea, aaiee, aooueee,
aiaea, nieue e oae aeaeaa. Auiieiyaiue aeiia oeieueieeaie yenia?eiaio
aeieaeai auoue i?inoui ii auiieiaieth e iai?oaeiaaieth, ii, a oi aea
a?aiy, yaeyoueny oeaiiui a aeaea eco/aiey e iiieiaiey oeceee a aeaoneii
aic?anoa, auoue eioa?aniui ii niaea?aeaieth. Oae eae o/eoaeue ia eiaao
aiciiaeiinoe iaiin?aaenoaaiii eiio?iee?iaaoue auiieiyaiue o/aueieny
aeiia iiuo, oi ?acoeueoaou iiuoa aeieaeiu auoue niioaaonoaothuei ia?acii
ioi?ieaiu (i?eia?ii oae, eae yoi aeaeaaony i?e auiieiaiee o?iioaeueiuo
eaai?aoi?iuo ?aaio). ?acoeueoaou iiuoa, i?iaaaeaiiiai o/aieeaie aeiia,
neaaeoao iaycaoaeueii ianoaeeoue e i?iaiaeece?iaaoue ia o?iea. ?aaiou
o/aueony ia aeieaeiu auoue neaiui iiae?aaeaieai onoaiiaeaoeiny oaaeiiai,
iie aeieaeiu caeeth/aoue a naaa oe?i/aeoaa i?iyaeaiea nianoaaiiie
eieoeeaoeau, oai?/anoaa, eneaiee iiaiai. Ia iniiaa auoaneacaiiiai e?aoei
noi?ioee?oai i?aaeuyaeyaiua e aeiiaoiei yenia?eiaioaeueiui caaeaieyi
o?aaiaaiey:
-aaciianiinoue i?e i?iaaaeaiee;
-ieieiaeueiua iaoa?eaeueiua cao?aou;
-i?inoioa ii auiieiaieth;
-eiaoue oeaiiinoue a eco/aiee e iiieiaiee oeceee;
-eaaeinoue iineaaeothuaai eiio?iey o/eoaeai;
-iaee/ea oai?/aneie ie?anee.
Oaeei o?aaiaaieyi aeieaeiu niioaaonoaiaaoue iiuou, i?aaeeaaaaiua
o/eoaeai oeieueieeai aeey naiinoiyoaeueiiai i?iaaaeaiey a aeiiaoieo
oneiaeyo. Aeaeaa ?anniio?ei, eae aeiiaoiea iiuou e iaaethaeaiey o/eoaeue
iiaeao i?eiaiyoue a i?ioeanna iao/aiey oeieueieeia oeceea.
Iaoiaeeea ?aaiou o/eoaey n aeiiaoieie yenia?eiaioaeueiuie caaeaieyie.
Oae eae iaeii ec o?aaiaaiee e aeiiaoiaio iiuoo – i?inoioa ii
auiieiaieth, neaaeiaaoaeueii, eo i?eiaiaiea oeaeaniia?acii i?iaiaeeoue
ia ia/aeueiii yoaia iao/aiey oeceea, eiaaea a aeaoyo aua ia oaanei
i?e?iaeiia ethaiiuonoai. E oiio aea a?yae ee oaeanony i?eaeoiaoue
yenia?eiaiou aeey aeiiaoiaai i?iaaaeaiey ii oaeei oaiai, eae, iai?eia?:
aieueoay /anoue oaiu “Yeaeo?iaeeiaieea” (e?iia yeaeo?inoaoeee e
i?inoaeoeo yeaeo?e/aneeo oeaiae), “Oeceea aoiia”, “Eaaioiaay oeceea”.
Aeiiaoiee yenia?eiaio iiaeii caaeaaaoue iinea i?ioiaeaeaiey oaiu a
eeanna. Oiaaea o/aieee oaeaeyo nianoaaiiuie aeacaie e oaaaeyony a
ni?aaaaeeeainoe eco/aiiiai oai?aoe/anee caeiia eee yaeaiey. I?e yoii
iieo/aiiua oai?aoe/anee e i?iaa?aiiua ia i?aeoeea ciaiey aeinoaoi/ii
i?i/ii ioeiaeaony a eo niciaiee.
A iiaeii e iaiai?io, caaeaoue caaeaiea ia aeii, a iinea auiieiaiey
i?iaanoe iauyniaiea yaeaiey. Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeii nicaeaoue o o/aueony
i?iaeaiioth neooaoeeth e ia?aeoe e i?iaeaiiiio iao/aieth, eioi?ia
iai?iecaieueii ?iaeaeaao o o/aueony iiciaaaoaeueiue eioa?an e eco/aaiiio
iaoa?eaeo, iaania/eaaao iiciaaaoaeueioth aeoeaiinoue o/aueony a oiaea
iao/aiey, aaaeao e ?acaeoeth oai?/aneiai iuoeaiey o/aieeia. A oaeii
neo/aa, aeaaea anee oeieueieee ia niiaoo iauynieoue oaeaeaiiia aeiia ia
iiuoa yaeaiea naie, oi iie aoaeoo n eioa?anii neooaoue ?anneac
i?aiiaeaaaoaey.
Eaoiea ?aaiou e iaaethaeaiey. I?aeoe/aneea caaeaiey ii oeceea iiaeii
aeaaaoue o/aueiny e ia eaoiee ia?eiae, /oiau eniieueciaaoue aiaaoaeooth
eaai?aoi?eth – i?e?iaeo e ?aciiia?aciua iauaeou oaoieee, eioi?uo iao
iiae ?oeie ai a?aiy iao/aiey ia o?ieao a oeiea. O/eoaeth, aeathuaio
eaoiaa caaeaiea, ia neaaeoao aiooaoueny aai i?inoioie e ianeiaeiinoueth.
Caaeaiey, aeaaaaiua o/aueiny ia eaieeoeu, aeieaeiu auoue e?aoeeie e
i?inouie.
Anee o/aueeny, aeeaouee ia aea/a, a aea?aaia, iiaeieaey ca aiaeie e
aea?aaaineiio eieiaeoeo, ia?aoeo aieiaiea (ii caaeaieth o/eoaey) ia
ono?ienoai ai?ioa eee ia ono?ienoai eieiaeaciiai aeo?aaey aea aua
n?aaieo aeeaiao? aaea n aeeaiao?ii eieana eee “aeeeiu iea/” aeo?aaey, oi
auiieiaiea oaea yoiai i?inoaiueeiai caaeaiey i?eianao iieueco. Yoio
o/aueeny i?e i?i?aaioea eee i?e iiaoi?aiee oaiu “I?inoua iaoaieciu”
aoaeao aini?eieiaoue (eee aini?iecaiaeeoue) iaoa?eae ai?acaei
niciaoaeueiaa, /ai oio o/aueeny, eioi?ue ieeiaaea ia aeaeae eee ia
ia?auae aieiaiey ia iiaeiaiua iaoaieciu.
Iniaaiii ?aciiia?aciua caaeaiey iiaeii i?aaeeiaeeoue oai o/aieeai,
eioi?ua aoaeoo eoiaoueny e eaoaoueny ia eiaeea. Ia /oanoaoy ianoaiiaee
o?iea, yoe o/aueany n iniaaiiui eioa?anii aniiiiyo i caaeaieyo o/eoaey e
n aieueoie ioioie aoaeoo iaaethaeaoue ?acee/iua yaeaiey e i?iaeaeuaaoue
ianeiaeiua iiuou. Ii-iiaiio aoaeoo niio?aoue iie ia ca?eaeueioth
iiaa?oiinoue i?oaea eee ica?a, a eioi?ie io?aaeathony i?ioeaiiieiaeiue
aa?aa e iaeaea, aeaey a yoeo yaeaieyo aeaenoaea caeiiia io?aaeaiey e
i?aeiieaiey. A eae i?inou e ?aciiia?aciu iiuou ii ia?aciaaieth e
?ani?ino?aiaieth aiei io a?ioaiiiai a aiaeo eaiiy! Neieueei ?ac o/aueeny
iiaeao iiaoi?eoue yoe iiuou, iaoiaeynue ia iinoeao i?oaea. Aua iiaeii
i?aaeeiaeeoue o/aieeai iiiaaethaeaoue ca ieaaaieai oae, ca “iioa?ae a
aana” ii caeiio A?oeiaaea, ca iiieaeaieai oaiia?aoo?u nianoaaiiiai oaea
i?e auoiaea ec aiaeu ia?oaeo i?e aao?a (oaieioa ia?iia?aciaaiey e
eioaineaiinoue enia?aiey). I?e ieaaaiee ia eiaeea neaaeoao ia?aoeoue
aieiaiea o/aueony ia i?iyaeaiea eia?oeee, eiaaea auno?i ieuaouay eiaeea
n ?acaiia a?acaaony a aa?aa e ia i?iyaeaiea o?aoueaai caeiia Iuethoiia
i?e i?uaeeao n eiaeee ia aa?aa eee i?inoi a aiaeo. Eee aua i?eia?. Aio
o/aueany ia?anaeatho ?a/eo ia eiaeea. Eaaeaony, iaeaiueeee oaeo. Iaeiaei
e caeanue iiaeii ia?aoeoue eo aieiaiea ia neiaeaiea aeaeaeaiee e
oeacaoue ia i?aaeei ia?aeeaeia?aiia.
Caaea/a o/eoaey a i?aaiecaoeee eaoieo ?aaio e iaaethaeaiee ninoieo
aeaaiui ia?acii a oii, /oiau iaoieeiooue ia iuneue, iai?aaeoue,
naeaeaoue iaiae. Ana inoaeueiia aeiaaaeo nianoaaiiay c?aiey o/aueony e
eo iaennyeaaiay ethaiciaoaeueiinoue.
Anee o/eoaeue caaeae o/aieeai ia aeii i?iaanoe yenia?eiaio eee
iaaethaeaiea, oi niaa?oaiii ia iaycaoaeueii, /oi ana o/aueany (eae e i?e
ethaii aeiiaoiai caaeaiee) auiieiyo yoi caaeaiea. I?e ethaii aeiiaoiai
caaeaiee anoue o/aieee, auiieieaoea aeiiaoithth ?aaioo e ia naeaeaaoea
aa ii eaeie-eeai i?e/eia. Iaeiaei, neaaeoao iaeeaeaoue, /oi o/aieeia,
aeaeathueo i?iaanoe aeiia naiinoiyoaeueii iiuo, aoaeao aieueoa /ai
aeaeathueo /eoaoue o/aaiee. Eae ea?aoue ca iaauiieiaiiia aeiiaoiaa
caaeaiea e ianeieueei neeueii o?aaiaaoue auiieiaiey iiuoa caaeneo io
eiie?aoiiai o/eoaey. Ianoaeaeaiea iaoaiecia aunoaaeaiey ioeaiie ia
aoiaeeo a oaio aeaiiie ?aaiou, iiyoiio caeanue iu ia aoaeai
inoaiaaeeaaoueny. ssnii oi, /oi auiieiaiea aeiia iiuoa aeieaeii
iiiu?youeny o/eoaeai. Yoi iiaeao auoue aunoaaeaiea oi?ioeo ioeaiie,
iinoaiiaea auiieieaoeo a i?eia? iaauiieieaoei, ooo iiyoue aea ana
caaeneo io eiie?aoiiai o/eoaey, io aai oa?aeoa?a ?aaiou n eaaeaeui
ioaeaeueiui eeannii.
I?iaa?ea auiieiaiey ?aaiou. I?e auiieiaiee ?aaiou aoaeao i/aiue oi?ioi,
anee o/aieee aoaeoo caienuaaoue naie iaaethaeaiey a aeaea ienueiaiiiai
io/aoa i i?iaeaeaiiie ?aaioa (e?aoei: /oi aeaeaee, /oi oaeaeaee,
naeaeaoue iiiuoeo aeaoue iauyniaiea oaeaeaiiiio). Yoi aeano o/eoaeth
aiciiaeiinoue i?iaa?eoue auiieiaiea, oi/iaa ioeaieoue eaaeaeiai o/aieea.
I?e i?iaa?ea caaeaiiiai ia aeii iiuoa o/eoaeue aeieaeai iaycaoaeueii
ianoaeeoue a eeanna ni anaie o/aieeaie oai?aoe/aneea iniiau
iaaethaeaaiiai yaeaiey. Nia/aea o/eoaeth neaaeoao auneooaoue o/aieeia,
eae iie iauyniyo oaeaeaiiia. Aeaeaa neaaeoao ioiaoeoue aa?iua iunee
o/aieeia, aeathueo i?aaeeueiia (eee ii/oe i?aaeeueiia) iauyniaiea. A
caeeth/aiee o/eoaeth neaaeoao ae?aooea iaiiiieoue o/aieeai i?i iiuo e
naiiio /aoei i?iaiai?eoue o/aieeai iauyniaiea i?ienoiaeyuaai i?e iiuoa
yaeaiey, ioiaoeoue caaeoaeaeaiey o/aieeia (anee oaeiaua aoaeoo
i?enoonoaiaaoue a eo ioaaoao), oeacaoue, aaea aua ia i?aeoeea iiaeii
noieeiooueny n i?iyaeaieyie iiaeiaiiai yaeaiey. Iinea naiinoiyoaeueiiai
i?iaaaeaiey iiuoa o/aieeaie e ianoaeaeaiey oaeaeaiiiai n iao/iie oi/ee
c?aiey i?e o/anoee o/eoaey, o o/aieeia aeieaeia neiaeeoueny aeinoaoi/ii
iieiay ea?oeia ia eco/aaiii yaeaiee. Yoi i?aaenoaaeaiea (a o/eoaeue
aeieaeai i?eeiaeeoue ana oneeey aeey oiai, /oiau iii noi?ie?iaaeinue
i?aaeeueii) inoaiaony o o/aieeia a iaiyoe iaaeieai. I?eia?ii oae, ii
iiaieth aaoi?a, aeieaeia auaeyaeaoue i?iaa?ea auiieiaiey iiuoa,
caaeaiiiai ia aeii. Oaeay i?iaa?ea ioieiao io o?iea a?aiaie ia aieueoa,
/ai i?iaa?ea ethaiai ae?oaiai aeiiaoiaai caaeaiey, e, a oi aea a?aiy,
i?eianao iaiaeoth iieueco aeey oi?ie?iaaiey o o/aueony aa?iuo
i?aaenoaaeaiee ia ie?oaeathuai ie?a.
Caaeaiea iiuoa eee iaaethaeaiey ia aeii. A eae iiaeao auaeyaeaoue
i?ioeann caaeaiey ia aeii ?aaio i?aeoe/aneiai oa?aeoa?a? Ooo aeaei
ianoieo ianeieueei ii-ae?oaiio, /ai i?e caaeaiee ia aeii /oaiey
ia?aa?aoa eee ?aoaiey caaea/ ec o/aaieea eee caaea/ieea. Ia iiiai a
eaeeo o/aaieeao anoue yenia?eiaioaeueiua caaeaiey, (aaoi? ano?a/ae
iiaeiaiua caaeaiey a o/aaieeao “Oeceea-7” e “Oeceea-8” aaoi?u: A.A.
Ia?uoeei, I.A. ?iaeeia) i?aaeeaaaaiua aaoi?aie aeaoyi aeey
naiinoiyoaeueiiai i?iaaaeaiey a aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo. Anee o/eoaeue oi/ao,
/oiau o/aieee aeiia naiinoiyoaeueii i?iaaee iiuo eee iaaethaeaiea, oi
aio iaiaoiaeeii aeaoue ei iienaiea, ii eioi?iio iiaeii auiieieoue
caaeaiea. Eiia/ii, ?anienuaaoue ana iiae?iaii iaiaycaoaeueii, o.e. a
iiaeiaiie ?aaioa aeieaeiu i?enoonoaiaaoue yeaiaiou oai?/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe. Aeaoe aeieaeiu ynii i?aaenoaaeyoue, /oi ei iaiaoiaeeii
naeaeaoue, ia /oi ia?aoeoue aieiaiea. Anee iienaiea iiuoa iaoiaeeoueny a
o/aaieea (eae oaea aiai?eeinue auoa, oaeea iienaiey iaoiaeyony a
o/aaieeao “Oeceea-7” e “Oeceea-8”, aaoi?u A.A.Ia?uoeei e I.A.?iaeeia),
oi ooo ia aicieeaao ieeaeeo i?iaeai. I?inoi iaaei oeacaoue o/aieeai ia
no?aieoeo o/aaieea, aaea iie iiaoo iaeoe anth iaiaoiaeeioth aeey
i?iaaaeaiey iiuoa eioi?iaoeeth. A anee iiaeoiaeyuaai iiuoa iao a
o/aaieea? Oiaaea o/eoaeue iiaeao iio?aoeoue /anoue a?aiaie o?iea ia
iauyniaiea oiai, /oi aeaoyi iaaei naeaeaoue aeiia. ?anneac aeieaeai
auoue oaeei, /oiau o o/aieeia aicieeei aieueoia aeaeaiea naiinoiyoaeueii
i?iaeaeaoue iiuo. Aeey yoiai iiuo ia aeieaeai auoue o?oaeiui, an?
iaiaoiaeeiia aeey iinoaiiaee iiuoa aeieaeii iaeoenue aeiia ii/oe o
eaaeaeiai o/aieea. I?e iienaiee iiuoa iaycaoaeueii iaaei oeacaoue ia oi,
/oi iaiaoiaeeii aeey i?iaaaeaiey iiuoa. Eaeea i?aaeiaou, aauanoaa e
o.ae. (anoanoaaiii, ana yoi aeieaeii ioaa/aoue o?aaiaaieyi aaciianiinoe)
iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue, aaea eo iiaeii iaeoe. Aeaeaa a iienaiee iiuoa
neaaeoao oeacaoue iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue aeaenoaee, o.a. /oi iaaei
aeaeaoue, ia /oi ia?aoeoue aieiaiea a i?ioeanna auiieiaiey. Ooo iaaei
iiiieoue, /oi i?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi iiuo o/aieee aoaeoo i?iaiaeeoue
naiinoiyoaeueii, aac o/anoey eiai-eeai. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, iienaiea
aeieaeii auoue naeaeaii ia aeinooiiii aeey aeaoae oiai aic?anoa, aeey
eioi?iai i?aaeiacia/ai iiuo, ycuea. Iiaeii n?aco aeaoue oai?aoe/aneia
iauyniaiea, a iiaeii iii?ineoue o/aieeia iiiuoaoueny naiinoiyoaeueii
iauynieoue oaeaeaiiia yaeaiea. Eae oaea aiai?eeinue, aoaeao oi?ioi, anee
o/aueany naeaeatho io/ao i i?iaaaeaiiii yenia?eiaioa. Eo/oa anee io/ao
aoaeao a ienueiaiiie oi?ia. Caaeaiea ionoonoaothuaai a o/aaieea iiuoa
o/eoaeai a onoiie oi?ia iiaeao ioiyoue iiiai a?aiaie io o?iea.
Eaeaaeueiui, ii iiaieth aaoi?a aeeieiia, aoaeao oaeie aa?eaio, eiaaea
aeaoyi ?acaeaaeoo eino?oeoeee n iienaieai iiuoa ia aeii. Aeey yoiai
o/eoaeth iaaei ?ania/aoaoue eino?oeoeee n iiae?iaiui iienaieai iiuoa a
eiee/anoaa, ?aaiiio eiee/anoao o/aieeia a eeanna. Oaeie eiiieaeo
eino?oeoeee iiaeii eniieueciaaoue iiiaie?aoii. Anee iinea auiieiaiey
iiuoa iaeiei eeannii eiiieaeo nia?aoue, oi aai iiaeii eniieueciaaoue
aeey iiaoi?iiai eniieueciaaiey a ae?oaii eeanna. O?aaiaaiey e
ienueiaiiiio iienaieth yenia?eiaioa oaeea aea, eae e e onoiiio ?anneaco
o/eoaey i ?aeiiaiaeoaiii aeey auiieiaiey aeiia iiuoa. A oae a?aiy io
o?iea ia o?aoeony, oi ienueiaiiia iienaiea iiaeao auoue aua aieaa
iiae?iaiui, /ai onoiue ?anneac. Ooo o o/eoaey iiaoo aicieeiooue
o?oaeiinoe, naycaiiua n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth ecaioiaeaiey aieueoiai /enea
eino?oeoeee. Ii iiaieth aaoi?a, ooo, eae aiai?eony, oeaeue ii?aaaeuaaao
n?aaenoaa. Iaei eaeie oeieueiee onoieo io i?iaaaeaiey naiinoiyoaeueiiai
yenia?eiaioa, anee o iaai ia?aae aeacaie aoaeao ana iiae?iaii iaienaii,
oi aio caoi/aony auiieieoue aai. Iieo/eoue ?acoeueoao, n?aaieoue naie
?acoeueoao n ?acoeueoaoaie iaeiieeannieeia. I?iaanoe iiuo aeiia eaaei
niiaoo aeaaea ionoathuea o/aieee. Yoi aeey ieo iaieioie niinia iieo/eoue
oi?iooth ioeaieo. A ii/aio au ia iinoaaeoue, aee iiuo i?iaaaeai,
?acoeueoaou iienaiu, o/aiee iiieiaao oai?aoe/aneoth /anoue yenia?eiaioa,
oi?iooth ioeaieo?
E aii?ino i i?eiaiaiee aeiiaoieo yenia?eiaioia aaoi? aniiieiaao oi, eae
aio aeiaaeinue iiiiaaoue o/aieeo 9-ai eeanna a iiaeaioiaea e
eaai?aoi?iie ?aaioa “Ecia?aiea onei?aiey naiaiaeiiai iaaeaiey n
iiiiuueth iayoieea” [3]. Oai i?aaeeaaaaony ecia?eoue ia?eiae eieaaaiee e
aeeeio iiaeaana iayoieea, caoai iiaenoaaeoue iieo/aiiua aeaiiua a
oi?ioeo, i?aia?aciaaiioth ec oi?ioeu aeey ia?eiaea eieaaaiee
iaoaiaoe/aneiai iayoieea. *oi iaoaao i?iaanoe yoo ?aaioo aeiia? *anu n
naeoiaeiie no?aeeie anoue, naioeiao? oiaea. Iiaeaaneee a?oc
(eieeaeoeeiiioth iaoeieo) ia ieoe, aeeeiie ieiei aeaoo iao?ia a i?iaia
aeaa?e. Ecia?eee ia?eiae eieaaaiee, iin/eoaee. ?acoeueoao i?aacioae ana
iaeeaeaiey, niaiaaeay n oaaee/iui cia/aieai onei?aiey naiaiaeiiai
iaaeaiey n oi/iinoueth aei nioiai ciaea! Neo/aeiinoue, iiaacei – ana
aa?ii, ii i?inoi no?aoiay aeey oeieueieea ?aaioa ia eaai?aoi?iie a
eeanna i?aa?aoeeanue a eioa?aniia caiyoea aeiia, eioi?ia caiyei ia aieaa
iieo/ana. Aaoi? n/eoaao, /oi eaai?aoi?iua ?aaiou oaeiai ?iaea (ia
o?aaothuea niaoeeaeueiuo i?eai?ia e iai?oaeiaaiey) oeieueieee aiieia a
ninoiyiee auiieieoue naiinoiyoaeueii. Oiaaea i?e n?aaiaiee naieo
?acoeueoaoia n ?acoeueoaoaie iaeiieeannieeia eee n oaaee/iuie cia/aieyie
aeaoe yniaa iieioo e i?i/oanoaotho (ooo ei iiaeao neeueii iiii/ue
o/eoaeue) ioeoaea aa?aony iia?aoiinoue, ii/aio iieo/athony ?aciua
?acoeueoaou e o.ae. Iaeioi?ui o/aieeai iiaeao i?eeoe a aieiao eae
oniaa?oainoaiaaoue onoaiiaeo aeey iieo/aiey aieaa oi/iuo ?acoeueoaoia.
Ooo aeaoe aieioioth iiaeieaeoo e oai?/aneiio iieneo. Yoi iieiaeeoaeueii
neaaeaony ia eo ?acaeoee.
I?e ecia?aiee onei?aiey naiaiaeiiai iaaeaiey iu iieueciaaeenue iienaieai
eaai?aoi?iie ?aaiou ec o/aaieea “Oeceea-9” (aaoi?u E.E.Eeeiei, A.E.
Eeeiei) eioi?ia, aaconeiaii, neeueii iiiiaei. I?aeoe/aneay /anoue
aeaiiiai aeeieiia eae ?ac e ninoieo ec iaai?a iienaiee iiuoia,
ioaa/athueo niioaaonoaothuei o?aaiaaieyi, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue
i?aaeeiaeaiu o/eoaeai oeieueieeai aeey i?iaaaeaiey a aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo.
I?AEOE*ANEAss *ANOUe.
Eae aiai?eeinue auoa, i?aeoe/aneay /anoue aeaiiiai aeeieiia
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaai? iienaiee iiuoia, i?eaiaeiuo aeey i?iaaaeaiey
oeieueieeaie a aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo. Iiuou ?acaeaeaiu ii oaiai:
“I?inoaeoea ecia?aiey”; “Aeaaeaiea”; “Caeii A?oeiaaea”; “Neeu
iiaa?oiinoiiai iaoyaeaiey”; “O?aiea”; “Oeaio? oyaeanoe”; “Eia?oeey”;
“Oaieioa”.
Iiuou, a iniiaiii, acyou ec eiea: [4], [2], [5]. Iaeioi?ua iiuou neaaea
iiaeei??aeoe?iaaiu aaoi?ii. A ieo i?aaeiaou, auoaaeoea ec oiio?aaeaiey,
caiaiaiu eiathueieny a ianoiyuaa a?aiy i?aeoe/anee a ethaii aeiia
(iai?eia?, oa?eeiaua ?o/ee aianoi ia?ueaauo). A iaeioi?uo iiuoao iiieii
(eee aianoi) noaeeyiiuo aooueie aaoi? i?aaeeaaaao eniieueciaaoue
ieanoeeiaua. Iie aeinoaoi/ii i?i/ii aioee a nia?aiaiiue auo e iaiaa
iianiu, /ai noaeeyiiua.
Ana ieaea ia?a/eneaiiua iiuou i?iaa?aiu ia niioaaonoaea o?aaiaaieyi,
i?aaeuyaeyaiui e aeiiaoiei yenia?eiaioaeueiui caaeaieyi.
I?inoaeoea ecia?aiey.
Caaeaiea 1.
Iao/eaoenue iieueciaaoueny eeiaeeie e ?oeaoeie eee naioeiao?ii a eeanna,
ecia?ueoa i?e iiiiue yoeo i?eai?ia aeeeiu neaaeothueo i?aaeiaoia e
?annoiyiee:
a)aeeeio oeacaoaeueiiai iaeueoea; a)aeeeio eieoy, o.a. ?annoiyiea io
eiioea eieoy aei eiioea n?aaeiaai iaeueoea; a)aeeeio nooiie io eiioea
iyoee aei eiioea aieueoiai iaeueoea; a)ie?oaeiinoue oae, ie?oaeiinoue
aieiau; ae)aeeeio ?o/ee eee ea?aiaeaoa, nie/ee, eaieee, aeeeio e oe?eio
oao?aaee.
Iieo/aiiua aeaiiua caieoeoa a oao?aaeue.
Caaeaiea 2.
Ecia?ueoa naie ?ino:
1. Aa/a?ii, ia?aae iooiaeii ei nio, nieieoa iaoaue, anoaiueoa nieiie e
einyeo aeaa?e e ieioii i?eneiieoanue. Aieiao aea?aeeoa i?yii. Iii?ineoa
eiai-ieaoaeue n iiiiuueth oaieueieea iinoaaeoue ia einyea iaaieueooth
/a?oi/eo ea?aiaeaoii. Ecia?ueoa ?annoiyiea io iiea aei ioia/aiiie
/a?oi/ee ?oeaoeie eee naioeiao?ii. Au?aceoa ?acoeueoao ecia?aiey a
naioeiao?ao e ieeeeiao?ao, caieoeoa aai a oao?aaeue n oeacaieai aeaou
(aiae, ianyoe, /enei, /an).
2. I?iaeaeaeoa oi aea naiia oo?ii. Niiaa caieoeoa ?acoeueoao e n?aaieoa
?acoeueoaou aa/a?iaai e oo?aiiaai ecia?aiee. Caienue i?eianeoa a eeann.
Caaeaiea 3.
Ecia?ueoa oieueio eenoa aoiaae.
Aicueieoa eieao oieueiie iaiiiai aieueoa 1ni e, ioe?ua aa?oithth e
ieaeithth e?uoee ia?aieaoa, i?eeiaeeoa e noiiea aoiaae eeiaeeo.
Iiaeaa?eoa noiieo oieueiie a 1ni=10ii=10000 iee?ii. ?acaeaeea 10000
iee?ii ia /enei eenoia, au?aceoa oieueio iaeiiai eenoa a iee?iiao.
?acoeueoao caieoeoa a oao?aaeue. Iiaeoiaeoa, eae iiaeii oaaee/eoue
oi/iinoue ecia?aiey?
Caaeaiea 4.
Ii?aaeaeeoa iauai nie/a/iie ei?iaee, i?yiioaieueiiai eanoeea, iaeaoa
ec-iiae niea eee iieiea. Ecia?ueoa aeeeio, oe?eio e aunioo nie/a/iie
ei?iaee a ieeeeiao?ao. Ia?aiiiaeueoa iieo/aiiua /enea, o.a. iaeaeeoa
iauai. Au?aceoa ?acoeueoao a eoae/aneeo ieeeeiao?ao e a eoae/aneeo
aeaoeeiao?ao (eeo?ao), caieoeoa aai. I?iaeaeaeoa ecia?aiey e au/eneeoa
iauaiu ae?oaeo i?aaeeiaeaiiuo oae.
Caaeaiea 5.
Aicueieoa /anu n naeoiaeiie no?aeeie (iiaeii ainiieueciaaoueny
yeaeo?iiiuie /anaie eee naeoiaeiia?ii) e, aeyaey ia
naeoiaeioth no?aeeo, iaaethaeaeoa ca aa aeaeaeaieai a oa/aiea iaeiie
ieioou (ia yeaeo?iiiuo /anao iaaethaeaeoa ca oeeo?iauie cia/aieyie).
Aeaeaa iii?ineoa eiai-ieaoaeue ioiaoeoue aneoo ia/aei e eiiaoe ieioou ii
/anai, a naie a yoi a?aiy cae?ieoa aeaca, e n cae?uouie aeacaie
aini?eieiaeoa i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iaeiie ieioou. I?iaeaeaeoa ia?aoiia:
noiy n cae?uouie aeacaie, iiiuoaeoanue onoaiiaeoue i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
iaeiie ieioou. Ionoue ae?oaie /aeiaae i?ieiio?iee?oao aan ii /anai.
Caaeaiea 6.
Iao/eoanue auno?i iaoiaeeoue naie ioeuen, caoai aicueieoa /anu n
naeoiaeiie no?aeeie eee yeaeo?iiiua e onoaiiaeoa, neieueei oaea?ia
ioeuena iaaethaeaaony a iaeio ieiooo. Caoai i?iaeaeaeoa ia?aoioth
?aaioo: n/eoay oaea?u ioeuena, onoaiiaeoa i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iaeiie
ieioou (neaaeeoue ca /anaie ii?o/eoa ae?oaiio eeoeo)
I?eia/aiea. Aaeeeee o/aiue Aaeeeae, iaaethaeay ca ea/aieyie iaieeaaeeea
ai Oei?aioeeneii eaoaae?aeueiii niai?a e iieuecoynue (aianoi /ania)
aeaieyie nianoaaiiiai ioeuena, onoaiiaee ia?aue caeii eieaaaiey
iayoieea, eioi?ue eaa a iniiao o/aiey i eieaaaoaeueiii aeaeaeaiee.
Caaeaiea 7.
I?e iiiiue naeoiaeiia?a onoaiiaeoa eae iiaeii oi/iaa ca eaeia /enei
naeoiae au i?iaaaaaoa ?annoiyiea 60 (100)i. ?acaeaeeoa iooue ia a?aiy,
o.a. ii?aaeaeeoa n?aaeithth nei?inoue a iao?ao a naeoiaeo. Ia?aaaaeeoa
iao?u a naeoiaeo a eeeiiao?u a /an. ?acoeueoaou caieoeoa a oao?aaeue.
Aeaaeaiea.
Caaeaiea 1.
Ii?aaeaeeoa aeaaeaiea, i?iecaiaeeiia nooeii. Iiaeeiaeeoa iiae iiaeeo
nooea eenoie aoiaae a eeaoi/eo, iaaaaeeoa iiaeeo ino?i iooi/aiiui
ea?aiaeaoii e, auioa eenoie, iiaen/eoaeoa /enei eaaae?aoiuo naioeiao?ia.
Iiaen/eoaeoa ieiuaaeue iii?u /aou?ao iiaeae nooea. Iiaeoiaeoa, eae aua
iiaeii iin/eoaoue ieiuaaeue iii?u iiaeae?
Ociaeoa aaoo ianno aianoa ni nooeii. Yoi iiaeii naeaeaoue i?e iiiiue
aania, i?aaeiacia/aiiuo aeey acaaoeaaiey ethaeae. Aeey yoiai iaaei
acyoue a ?oee nooe e anoaoue ia aanu, o.a. acaaneoue naay aianoa ni
nooeii.
Anee ociaoue ianno eiathuaainy o aan nooea ii eaeei-eeai i?e/eiai ia
iieo/aaony, i?eieoa ianno nooea ?aaiie 7ea (n?aaeiyy ianna nooeueaa). E
ianna nianoaaiiiai oaea i?eaaaueoa n?aaeithth ianno nooea.
Iin/eoaeoa aao aan aianoa ni nooeii. Aeey yoiai noiio iann nooea e
/aeiaaea iaiaoiaeeii oiiiaeeoue i?eia?ii ia aeanyoue (oi/iaa ia 9,81
i/n^2). Anee ianna auea a eeeia?aiiao, oi au iieo/eoa aan a iuethoiiao.
Iieuecoynue oi?ioeie p=F/S, iiaen/eoaeoa aeaaeaiea nooea ia iie, anee au
neaeeoa ia nooea, ia eanaynue iiaaie iiea. Ana ecia?aiey e ?an/aou
caieoeoa a oao?aaeue e i?eianeoa a eeann.
Caaeaiea 2.
Iaeaeoa a noaeai aiaeo aei naiiai e?ay. I?ee?ieoa noaeai eenoeii ieioiie
aoiaae e, i?eaea?aeeaay aoiaao eaaeiiueth, auno?i ia?aaa?ieoa noaeai
eaa?oo aeiii. Oaia?ue oaa?eoa eaaeiiue. Aiaea ec noaeaia ia aueueaony.
Aeaaeaiea aoiinoa?iiai aicaeooa ia aoiaaeeo aieueoa aeaaeaiey aiaeu ia
iaa.
Ia anyeee neo/ae i?iaeaeuaaeoa ana yoi iaae oacii, iioiio /oi i?e
iacia/eoaeueiii ia?aeina aoiaaeee e i?e aua iaaeinoaoi/iie iiuoiinoe ia
ia?auo ii?ao aiaeo iiaeii e ?aceeoue.
Caaeaiea 3.
“Aiaeieaciue eieieie” – yoi aieueoie iaoaeee/aneee eieiae, eioi?ue
ioe?uoie noi?iiie iioneatho ia aeii aiaeiaia aeey i?iecaiaenoaa
eaeeo-eeai ?aaio. Iinea iioneaiey aai a aiaeo niaea?aeaueeny a eieiaea
aicaeoo naeeiaaony e ia ioneaao aiaeo aioo?ue yoiai ono?ienoaa. Oieueei
a naiii ieco inoaaony iaiiiai aiaeu. A oaeii eieieiea ethaee iiaoo
aeaeaaoueny e auiieiyoue ii?o/aiioth ei ?aaioo. Naeaeaai iiaeaeue yoiai
ono?ienoaa.
Aicueieoa noaeai e oa?aeeo. A oa?aeeo iaeaeoa aiaeo e iinoaaueoa a iaa
ia?aaa?iooue aaa?o aeiii noaeai. Aicaeoo a noaeaia niaeiaony, e aeii
oa?aeee iiae noaeaiii aoaeao i/aiue iaiiiai caeeoi aiaeie. Ia?aae oai
eae iinoaaeoue a oa?aeeo noaeai, iieiaeeoa ia aiaeo i?iaeo. Iia
iieaaeao, eae iaei aiaeu inoaeinue ia aeia.
Caaeaiea 4.
Yoiio caieiaoaeueiiio iiuoo ieiei o?aonio eao. Aai i?eienuaatho
o?aioeocneiio o/aiiio ?aia Aeaea?oo (ii-eaouie aai oaieeey – Ea?oacee).
Iiuo aue oae iiioey?ai, /oi ia aai iniiaa nicaeaee ea?ooeo
“Ea?oaceaineee aiaeieac”. Iu n aaie iiaeai i?iaeaeaoue yoio iiuo. Aeey
yoiai iiiaaeiaeony ieanoeeiaay aooueea n i?iaeie, ieiaoea e aiaea.
Iaiieieoa aooueeo aiaeie, inoaaea aeaa-o?e ieeeeiao?a aei e?ay
ai?euoea. Aicueieoa ieiaoeo, iaaa?eoa a iaa iaiiiai aiaeu e iionoeoa a
ai?euoei aooueee. Iia aeieaeia naiei aa?oiei ?aceiiaui eiioeii auoue ia
o?iaia eee /ooue auoa o?iaiy aiaeu a aooueea. I?e yoii ioaeii
aeiaeoueny, /oiau io eaaeiai oie/ea iaeueoeai ieiaoea iia?oaeaeanue, a
iioii naia iaaeeaiii anieuaaea. Oaia?ue cae?ieoa i?iaeo e naeaaeoa aiea
aooueee. Ieiaoea iieaeao ia aeii aooueee. Ineaaueoa aeaaeaiea ia
aooueeo, e iia niiaa anieuaao. Aeaei a oii, /oi iu iaiiiai naeaee
aicaeoo a ai?euoea aooueee e yoi aeaaeaiea ia?aaeaeinue aiaea. Aiaea
i?iieeea a ieiaoeo – iia noaea oyaeaeaa e ooiioea. I?e i?ae?auaiee
aeaaeaiey naeaoue aicaeoo aioo?e ieiaoee oaeaeee eeoithth aiaeo, iao
“aiaeieac” noae eaa/a e anieue. Anee a ia/aea iiuoa “aiaeieac” aan ia
neooaaony, cia/eo, iaaei io?aaoee?iaaoue eiee/anoai aiaeu a ieiaoea.
Eiaaea ieiaoea iaoiaeeony ia aeia aooueee, eaaei i?ineaaeeoue, eae io
oneeaiey iaaeeia ia noaiee aooueee aiaea aoiaeeo a ieiaoeo, a i?e
ineaaeaiee iaaeeia auoiaeeo ec iaa.
Caaeaiea 5.
Naeaeaeoa oiioai, ecaanoiue a enoi?ee oeceee eae oiioai Aa?iia. *a?ac
i?iaeo, anoaaeaiioth a oienoinoaiioth aooueeo, i?iionoeoa eonie
noaeeyiiie o?oaee n iooyiooui eiioeii. Iaeaeoa a aooueeo noieueei aiaeu,
neieueei iio?aaoaony aeey oiai, /oiau eiiaoe o?oaee aue iia?oaeai a
aiaeo. Oaia?ue a aeaa-o?e i?eaia aaeoeoa ?oii a aooueeo aicaeoo,
caaeeiay iinea eaaeaeiai aaeoaaiey eiiaoe o?oaee. Ioionoeoa iaeaoe e
iaaethaeaeoa oiioai.
Anee oioeoa iieo/eoue i/aiue neeueiue oiioai, oi aeey iaea/eaaiey
aicaeooa ainiieuecoeoanue aaeineiaaeiui ianinii. Iaeiaei iiiieoa, /oi
aieaa /ai io iaeiiai-aeaoo aciaoia ianina i?iaea iiaeao aueaoaoue ec
aooueee e aa ioaeii aoaeao i?eaea?aeeaaoue iaeueoeai, a i?e i/aiue
aieueoii eiee/anoaa aciaoia naeaoue aicaeoo iiaeao ?aci?aaoue aooueeo,
iiyoiio iieueciaaoueny ianinii ioaeii i/aiue inoi?iaeii.
Caeii A?oeiaaea.
Caaeaiea 1.
I?eaioiaueoa aea?aayiioth iaei/eo (i?ooee), oe?ieoth aaieo, aaae?i n
aiaeie, oe?ieee iocu?ae n i?iaeie e ?aceiiaoth ieoue aeeeiie ia iaiaa 25
ni.
1. Aoaeeeaaeoa iaei/eo a aiaeo e iaaethaeaeoa, eae iia auoaeeeaaaony ec
aiaeu. I?iaeaeaeoa yoi ianeieueei ?ac.
2. Aaeaeaaeoa aaieo a aiaeo aeiii aiec e iaaethaeaeoa eae iia
auoaeeeaaaony ec aiaeu. I?iaeaeaeoa yoi ianeieueei ?ac. Aniiiieoa, eae
o?oaeii aaeaeiooue aaae?i aeiii aiec a ai/eo n aiaeie (anee ia
iaaethaeaee yoiai, i?iaeaeaeoa i?e ethaii oaeiaiii neo/aa).
3. Iaiieieoa iocu?ae n aiaeie, cae?ieoa i?iaeie e i?eayaeeoa e iaio
?aceiiaoth ieoue. Aea?aea ieoue ca naiaiaeiue eiiaoe, iaaethaeaeoa, eae
iia oei?a/eaaaony i?e iia?oaeaiee iocu?ueea a aiaeo. I?iaeaeaeoa yoi
ianeieueei ?ac.
4. AEanoyiay ieanoeiea ia aiaea oiiao. Caaieoa e?ay ieanoeiee oae, /oiau
iieo/eeanue ei?iai/ea. Iinoaaueoa aa ia aiaeo. Iia ieaaaao. Aianoi
aeanoyiie ieanoeiee iiaeii eniieueciaaoue eonie oieueae, aeaeaoaeueii
aeanoeie. Naeaeaeoa ei?iai/eo ec oieueae e iinoaaueoa ia aiaeo. Anee
ei?iai/ea (ec oieueae eee iaoaeea) ia i?ioaeaao, oi iia aoaeao ieaaaoue
ia iiaa?oiinoe aiaeu. Anee ei?iai/ea iaae?aao aiaeo e oiiao, iiaeoiaeoa,
eae neiaeeoue aa oaeei ia?acii, /oiau aiaea ia iiiaaeaea aioo?ue.
Iieoeoa e iauynieoa yoe yaeaiey a oao?aaee.
Caaeaiea 2.
Aicueieoa eoni/ae naiiaeiiai aa?a eee ainea aaee/eiie n iaueiiaaiiue
eaniie i?ao, naeaeaeoa ec iaai i?aaeeueiue oa?ee e i?e iiiiue iaaieueoie
iaa?ocee (aeiaeeoa eoni/ae i?iaieiee) canoaaueoa aai ieaaii caoiiooue a
noaeaia eee i?iae?ea n aiaeie. Anee oa?ee oiiao aac iaa?ocee, oi
iaa?oaeaoue aai, eiia/ii, ia neaaeoao. I?e ionoonoaee aa?a eee ainea
iiaeii au?acaoue iaaieueoie oa?ee ec iyeioe nu?ie ea?oioaeeiu.
Iiaeeeaaeoa a aiaeo iiiaiiiao ianuuaiiiai ?anoai?a /enoie iiaa?aiiie
niee e neaaea ia?aiaoeaaeoa. Aeiaaeoanue nia/aea oiai, /oiau oa?ee
aea?aeaeny a ?aaiiaanee a na?aaeeia noaeaia eee i?iae?ee, a caoai oiai,
/oiau ii anieue e iiaa?oiinoe aiaeu.
I?eia/aiea. I?aaeeaaaaiue iiuo yaeyaony aa?eaioii ecaanoiiai iiuoa n
eo?eiui yeoeii e eiaao ia?aae iineaaeiei iiuoii ?yae i?aeiouanoa (ia
o?aaoao iaee/ey naaaeanianaiiiai eo?eiiai yeoea, iaee/ey aieueoiai
aunieiai ninoaea e aieueoiai eiee/anoaa niee).
Caaeaiea 3.
Aicueieoa ?aceiiaue iy/, oa?ee io ianoieueiiai oaiiena, eoni/ee
aeoaiaiai, aa?aciaiai e niniiaiai aea?aaa e ionoeoa eo ieaaaoue ia aiaea
(a aaae?a eee oaco). Aieiaoaeueii iaaethaeaeoa ca ieaaaieai yoeo oae e
ii?aaeaeeoa ia aeac, eaeay /anoue yoeo oae i?e ieaaaiee iia?oaeaaony a
aiaeo. Aniiiieoa, ianeieueei aeoaiei iia?oaeaaony a aiaeo eiaeea,
a?aaii, eueaeeia, ei?aaeue e i?i/aa.
Neeu iiaa?oiinoiiai iaoyaeaiey.
Caaeaiea 1.
Iiaeaioiaueoa aeey yoiai iiuoa noaeeyiioth ieanoeieo. Oi?ioi aa auiieoa
iueii e oaieie aiaeie. Eiaaea iia aunioiao, i?io?eoa iaeio noi?iio
aaoeie, nii/aiiie a iaeaeieiia. Ie/ai aa iiaa?oiinoe ia eanaeoanue, a
a?aoue ieanoeieo oaia?ue ioaeii oieueei ca e?ay.
Aicueieoa eoni/ae aeaaeeie aaeie aoiaae e iaeaiaeoa ia iaai noaa?ei ni
naa/e, /oiau ia iai iieo/eeanue ?iaiay ieineay noaa?eiiaay ieanoeiea
?acia?ii n aeiiuoei noaeaia.
Iieiaeeoa ?yaeii noaa?eiiaoth e noaeeyiioth ieanoeiee. Eaiieoa ec
ieiaoee ia eaaeaeoth ec ieo ii iaeaiueeie eaiea aiaeu. Ia noaa?eiiaie
ieanoeiea iieo/eony iieooa?ea aeeaiao?ii i?eia?ii 3 ieeeeiao?a, a ia
noaeeyiiie ieanoeiea eaiey ?anoa/aony. Oaia?ue aicueieoa noaeeyiioth
ieanoeieo e iaeeiieoa aa. Eaiey oaea e oae ?anoaeeanue, a oaia?ue iia
iioa/ao aeaeueoa. Iieaeoeu aiaeu ioioiaa i?eoyaeaathony e noaeeo, /ai
ae?oa e ae?oao. Ae?oaay aea eaiey aoaeao eaoaoueny ii noaa?eio i?e
iaeeiiao ieanoeiee a ?aciua noi?iiu. Oaea?aeaoueny ia noaa?eia aiaea ia
iiaeao, iia aai ia nia/eaaao, iieaeoeu aiaeu i?eoyaeaathony ae?oa e
ae?oao neeueiaa, /ai e iieaeoeai noaa?eia.
I?eia/aiea. A iiuoa aianoi noaa?eia iiaeii eniieueciaaoue naaeo. Iaaei
eaiiooue ia caeii/aiioth iiaa?oiinoue iaoaeee/aneie ieanoeiee aiaeu ec
ieiaoee. Eaiey i?aa?aoeony a oa?ee e auno?i iieaoeony ii naaea. *oiau
neaaeothuea eaiee n?aco ia neaouaaeenue n ieanoeiu, ioaeii aea?aeaoue aa
no?iai ai?eciioaeueii.
Caaeaiea 2.
Eacaea aaciianiie a?eoau, ia niio?y ia oi, /oi iii noaeueiia, iiaeao
ieaaaoue ii iiaa?oiinoe aiaeu. Ioaeii oieueei iicaaioeony, /oiau iii ia
nia/eaaeinue aiaeie. Aeey yoiai aai ioaeii neaaea niacaoue aee?ii.
Iieiaeeoa inoi?iaeii eacaea ia iiaa?oiinoue aiaeu. Iiia?ae eacaey
iieiaeeoa eaieeo, a ia eiioeu eacaey – ii iaeiie eiiiea. A?oc iieo/eony
aeiaieueii nieeaeiue, e aeaaea iiaeii oaeaeaoue, eae a?eoaa aaeaaeeanue
a aiaeo. Nicaeaaony aia/aoeaiea, aoaeoi ia iiaa?oiinoe aiaeu oi?oaay
ieaiea, eioi?ay e aea?aeeo ia naaa oaeie a?oc.
Iiaeii canoaaeoue ieaaaoue e eaieeo, niacaa aa i?aaeaa?eoaeueii oiieei
neiai aee?a. Eeanoue ia aiaeo aa iaaei i/aiue inoi?iaeii, /oiau ia
i?ieieioue iiaa?oiinoiue neie aiaeu. N?aco yoi iiaeao e ia iieo/eoueny,
iiiaaeiaeony iaeioi?ia oa?iaiea e o?aie?iaea.
Ia?aoeoa aieiaiea ia oi, eae ?aniieiaeaia eaieea ia aiaea. Anee eaieea
iaiaaie/aia, oi yoi ieaaathuee eiiian! A anee acyoue iaaieo, iiaeii
canoaaeoue eaeo iooaoanoaiaaoue ii aiaea.
Caaeaiea 3.
Iieiaeeoa ia iiaa?oiinoue /enoie aiaeu aeaa iaeeiaeiauo eoni/ea i?iaee.
Eii/eeaie nie/ee naeecueoa eo. Ia?aoeoa aieiaiea: eae oieueei ?annoiyiea
iaaeaeo i?iaeaie oiaiueoeony aei iieiaeiu naioeiao?a, yoio aiaeyiie
i?iiaaeooie iaaeaeo i?iaeaie nai nie?aoeoueny, e i?iaee auno?i
i?eoyioony ae?oa e ae?oao. Ii ia oieueei ae?oa e ae?oao no?aiyony
i?iaee. Iie oi?ioi i?eoyaeaathony e e e?ath iinoaeu, a eioi?ie iie
ieaaatho. Aeey yoiai iaaei oieueei eo i?eaeeceoue e iaio ia iaaieueoia
?annoiyiea.
Iiiuoaeoanue aeaoue iauyniaiea oaeaeaiiiio yaeaieth.
Caaeaiea 4.
Aicueieoa aeaa noaeaia. Iaeei ec ieo iaiieieoa aiaeie e iinoaaueoa
iiauoa. Ae?oaie noaeai, ionoie, iinoaaueoa ieaea. Iionoeoa a noaeai n
aiaeie eiiaoe iieinee /enoie iaoa?ee, a aa aoi?ie eiiaoe – a ieaeiee
noaeai. Aiaea, ainiieueciaaaoenue ocaiueeeie i?iiaaeooeaie iaaeaeo
aieieiaie iaoa?ee, ia/iao iiaeieiaoueny, a iioii iiae aeaenoaeai neeu
oyaeanoe aoaeao noaeaoue a ieaeiee noaeai. Oae iieineo iaoa?ee iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue a ea/anoaa ianina.
Caaeaiea 5.
Yoio iiuo (iiuo Ieaoi) iaaeyaeii iieacuaaao, eae iiae aeaenoaeai nee
iiaa?oiinoiiai iaoyaeaiey aeeaeeinoue i?aa?auaaony a oa?. Aeey yoiai
iiuoa niaoeaatho nie?o n aiaeie a oaeii niioiioaiee, /oiau nianue eiaea
ieioiinoue ianea. Iaeeaatho yoo nianue a noaeeyiiue ninoae e aaiaeyo a
iaa iinoiia ianei. Ianei n?aco ?aniieaaaaony a na?aaeeia ninoaea,
ia?acoy e?aneaue, i?ic?a/iue, aeaeoue oa?. Aeey oa?a nicaeaiu oaeea
oneiaey, eae aoaeoi ii a iaaaniiinoe.
*oiau i?iaeaeaoue iiuo Ieaoi a ieieaoth?a, iaaei acyoue i/aiue
iaeaiueeee i?ic?a/iue iocu?ae. A iai aeieaeii iiiauaoueny iaiiiai
iiaenieia/iiai ianea – i?eia?ii aeaa noieiaua eiaeee. Aeaei a oii, /oi
iinea iiuoa ianei noaiao niaa?oaiii iai?eaiaeiui e oiio?aaeaieth, a
i?iaeoeou iaaei aa?a/ue.
Iaeaeoa iaiiiai iiaenieia/iiai ianea a i?eaioiaeaiiue iocu?ae. A
ea/anoaa iinoaeu aicueieoa iaia?noie. Eaiieoa a iaai ianeieueei eaiaeue
aiaeu e noieueei aea iaeaeieiia. ?aciaoaeoa nianue, iaaa?eoa aa a
ieiaoeo e auionoeoa iaeio eaieth a ianei. Anee eaiey, noaa oa?eeii,
iieaeao ia aeii, cia/eo, nianue iieo/eeanue oyaeaeaa ianea, aa iaaei
iaeaa/eoue. Aeey yoiai aeiaaaueoa a iaia?noie iaeio eee aeaa eaiee
iaeaeieiia. Iaeaeieii ninoieo ec nie?oa, ii eaa/a aiaeu e ianea. Anee
oa?ee ec iiaie niane ia/iao ia iioneaoueny, a, iaiai?io, iiaeieiaoueny,
cia/eo, nianue noaea eaa/a ianea e a iaa iaaei aeiaaaeoue eaieth aiaeu.
Oae, /a?aaeoy aeiaaaeaiea aiaeu e iaeaeieiia iaeaiueeeie, eaiaeueiuie
aeicaie, iiaeii aeiaeoueny, /oi oa?ee ec aiaeu e iaeaeieiia aoaeao
“aenaoue” a ianea ia ethaii o?iaia. Eeanne/aneee iiuo Ieaoi a iaoai
neo/aa auaeyaeeo iaiai?io: ianei e nianue nie?oa n aiaeie iiiaiyeenue
ianoaie.
I?eia/aiea. Iiuo iiaeii caaeaaaoue ia aeii e i?e eco/aiee oaiu “Caeii
A?oeiaaea”.
Caaeaiea 6.
Eae eciaieoue iiaa?oiinoiia iaoyaeaiea aiaeu? Iaeaeoa a aeaa oa?aeee
/enoie aiaeu. Aicueieoa iiaeieoeu e io eenoa aoiaae a eeaoi/eo
io?aaeueoa aeaa oceea iieinee oe?eiie a iaeio eeaoi/eo. Aicueieoa iaeio
iieineo e, aea?aea aa iaae iaeiie oa?aeeie, io?acaeoa io iieinee eoni/ee
ii iaeiie eeaoi/ea, noa?aynue aeaeaoue yoi oae, /oiau iaaeathuea a aiaeo
eoni/ee ?aniieaaaeenue ia aiaea eieueoeii ii na?aaeeia oa?aeee e ia
i?eeanaeenue ie ae?oa e ae?oao, ie e e?ayi oa?aeee.
Aicueieoa eoni/ae iuea, caino?aiiue ia eiioea, e i?eeanaeoanue
caino?aiiui eiioeii e iiaa?oiinoe aiaeu a n?aaeiae /anoe eieueoea ec
aoiaaeae. *oi iaaethaeaaoa? Ii/aio eoni/ee aoiaae ia/eiatho
?acaaaaoueny?
Aicueieoa oaia?ue ae?oaoth iieineo, oae aea io?aaeueoa io iaa ianeieueei
eoni/eia aoiaae iaae ae?oaie oa?aeeie e, i?eeinioaoenue eoni/eii naoa?a
e na?aaeeia iiaa?oiinoe aiaeu aioo?e eieueoea, aea?aeeoa aai iaeioi?ia
a?aiy a aiaea. Eoni/ee aoiaae aoaeoo i?eaeeaeaoueny ae?oa e ae?oao,
niae?aynue.
Ioaaoueoa ia aii?in: eae eciaieeanue aaee/eia iiaa?oiinoiiai iaoyaeaiey
aiaeu io i?eiane e iae iuea e io i?eiane naoa?a?
O?aiea.
Caaeaiea 1.
Aicueieoa aeeeiioth oyaeaeoth eieao, ia?aayaeeoa aa oiieie ieoeie e
i?ee?aieoa e ieoea ?aceiiaoth ieoue aeeeiie 20 ni.
Iieiaeeoa eieao ia noie e i/aiue iaaeeaiii ia/eiaeoa oyiooue ca eiiaoe
?aceiiaie ieoe. Iiiuoaeoanue ecia?eoue aeeeio ?anoyioaoaeny ?aceiiaie
ieoe a iiiaio ia/aea neieueaeaiey eieae.
Ecia?ueoa aeeeio ?anoyioaoaeny eieae i?e ?aaiiia?iii aeaeaeaiee eieae.
Iieiaeeoa iiae eieao aeaa oiieea oeeeeiae?e/aneea ?o/ee (eee aeaa
oeeeeiae?e/aneeo ea?aiaeaoa) e oae aea oyieoa ca eiiaoe ieoe. Ecia?ueoa
aeeeio ?anoyioaoaeny ieoe i?e ?aaiiia?iii aeaeaeaiee eieae ia eaoeao.
N?aaieoa o?e iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoa e naeaeaeoa auaiaeu.
I?eia/aiea. Neaaeothuaa caaeaiea yaeyaony ?aciiaeaeiinoueth
i?aaeuaeouaai. Iii oae aea iai?aaeaii ia n?aaiaiea o?aiey iieiy, o?aiey
neieueaeaiey e o?aiey ea/aiey.
Caaeaiea 2.
Iieiaeeoa ia eieao oanoea?aiiue ea?aiaeao ia?aeeaeueii aa ei?aoeo.
Iaaeeaiii iiaeieiaeoa aa?oiee e?ae eieae aei oao ii?, iiea ea?aiaeao ia
ia/iao neieueceoue aiec. *ooue oiaiueoeoa iaeeii eieae e cae?aieoa aa a
oaeii iieiaeaiee, iiaeeiaeea iiae iaa /oi-ieaoaeue. Oaia?ue ea?aiaeao,
anee aai niiaa iieiaeeoue ia eieao, nuacaeaoue ia aoaeao. Aai
oaea?aeeaaao ia ianoa neea o?aiey – neea o?aiey iieiy. Ii noieo yoo neeo
/ooue ineaaeoue – a aeey yoiai aeinoaoi/ii uaeeiooue iaeueoeai ii eieaa,
– e ea?aiaeao iiiiecao aiec, iiea ia oiaaeao ia noie. (Oio aea iiuo
iiaeii i?iaeaeaoue, iai?eia?, n iaiaeii, nie/a/iui ei?iaeii, eanoeeii e
o.i.)
Iiaeoiaeoa, ii/aio aaicaeue eaa/a auoaueoue ec aeinee, anee a?auaoue aai
aie?oa ine?
*oiau oienooth eieao ia?aaeaeiooue ii noieo iaeiei iaeueoeai, iaaei
i?eeiaeeoue iaeioi?ia oneeea. A anee iiae eieao iieiaeeoue aeaa e?oaeuo
ea?aiaeaoa eee ?o/ee, eioi?ua aoaeoo a aeaiiii neo/aa ?ieeeiauie
iiaeoeiieeaie, eieaa eaaei ia?aaeaeiaony io neaaiai oie/ea ieceioeai.
I?iaeaeaeoa iiuou e naeaeaeoa n?aaiaiea neeu o?aiey iieiy, neeu o?aiey
neieueaeaiey e neeu o?aiey ea/aiey.
Caaeaiea 3.
Ia yoii iiuoa iiaeii iaaethaeaoue n?aco aeaa yaeaiey: eia?oeeth, iiuou n
eioi?ie aoaeoo iienaiu aeaeueoa, e o?aiea.
Aicueieoa aeaa yeoea: iaeii nu?ia, a ae?oaia naa?aiiia ae?oooth.
Cae?ooeoa iaa yeoea ia aieueoie oa?aeea. Au aeaeeoa, /oi aa?aiia yeoei
aaaeao naay eia/a, /ai nu?ia: iii a?auaaony cia/eoaeueii auno?aa.
A aa?aiii yeoea aaeie e aeaeoie aeanoei naycaiu ni naiae nei?eoiie e
iaaeaeo niaie o.e. iaoiaeyony a oaa?aeii ninoiyiee. A eiaaea iu
?ane?o/eaaai nu?ia yeoei, oi iu ?ane?o/eaaai nia/aea eeoue nei?eoio,
oieueei iioii, ca n/ao o?aiey, neie ca neiai a?auaiea ia?aaeaaony aaeeo
e aeaeoeo. Oaeei ia?acii, aeeaeeea aaeie e aeaeoie naiei o?aieai
iaaeaeo neiyie oi?iicyo a?auaiea nei?eoiu.
I?eia/aiea. Aianoi nu?iai e aa?aiiai yeoe iiaeii cae?ooeoue aeaa
eano?thee, a iaeiie ec eioi?uo aiaea, a a ae?oaie iaoiaeeony noieueei
aea ii iauaio e?oiu.
Oeaio? oyaeanoe.
Caaeaiea 1.
Aicueieoa aeaa a?aiaiuo ea?aiaeaoa e aea?aeeoa eo ia?aae niaie
ia?aeeaeueii, iieiaeea ia ieo eeiaeeo. Ia/ieoa naeeaeaoue ea?aiaeaoe.
Naeeaeaiea aoaeao i?ienoiaeeoue iii/a?aaeiuie aeaeaeaieyie: oi iaeei
ea?aiaeao aeaeaeaony, oio ae?oaie. Aeaaea anee au caoioeoa aiaoaoueny a
eo aeaeaeaiea, o aan ie/aai ia iieo/eony. Iie ana ?aaii aoaeoo
aeaeaaoueny ii i/a?aaee.
Eae oieueei ia iaeiii ea?aiaeaoa aeaaeaiea noaei aieueoa e o?aiea
ianoieueei aic?inei, /oi ea?aiaeao aeaeueoa aeaeaaoueny ia iiaeao, ii
inoaiaaeeaaaony. Caoi aoi?ie ea?aiaeao iiaeao oaia?ue aeaeaaoueny iiae
eeiaeeie. Ii /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy aeaaeaiea e iaae iei noaiiaeony
aieueoa, /ai iaae ia?aui ea?aiaeaoii, e ec-ca oaaee/aiey o?aiey ii
inoaiaaeeaaaony. A oaia?ue iiaeao aeaeaaoueny ia?aue ea?aiaeao. Oae,
aeaeaaynue ii i/a?aaee, ea?aiaeaoe ano?aoyony ia naiie na?aaeeia eeiaeee
o aa oeaio?a oyaeanoe. A yoii eaaei oaaaeeony ii aeaeaieyi eeiaeee.
Yoio iiuo iiaeii i?iaeaeaoue e n iaeeie, aea?aea aa ia auoyioouo
iaeueoeao. Naeaeaay iaeueoeu, au caiaoeoa, /oi iie, oiaea aeaeaaynue
iii/a?aaeii, ano?aoyony iiae naiie na?aaeeiie iaeee. I?aaaea, yoi eeoue
/anoiue neo/ae. Iii?iaoeoa i?iaeaeaoue oi aea naiia n iau/iie iieiaie
uaoeie, eiiaoie eee a?aaeyie. Au oaeaeeoa, /oi iaeueoeu ano?aoyony ia ia
na?aaeeia iaeee. Iiiuoaeoanue iauynieoue, ii/aio oae i?ienoiaeeo.
Caaeaiea 2.
Yoi noa?eiiue, i/aiue iaaeyaeiue iiuo. Ia?i/eiiue iiae (neeaaeiie) o
aan, iaaa?iia, ea?aiaeao oiaea. Caoi/eoa ea?aiaeao, /oiau o iaai aue
ino?ue eiiaoe, e iaiiiai auoa eiioea aioeieoa iieo?ane?uoue ia?i/eiiue
iiae. Iinoaaueoa ino?ea ea?aiaeaoa ia oeacaoaeueiue iaeaoe. Iaeaeeoa
oaeia iieiaeaiea iieo?ane?uoiai iiaea ia ea?aiaeaoa, i?e eioi?ii
ea?aiaeao aoaeao noiyoue ia iaeueoea, neaaea iiea/eaaynue.
Oaia?ue aii?in: aaea iaoiaeeony oeaio? oyaeanoe ea?aiaeaoa e ia?i/eiiiai
iiaea?
Caaeaiea 3.
Ii?aaeaeeoa iieiaeaiea oeaio?a oyaeanoe nie/ee n aieiaeie e aac aieiaee.
Iinoaaueoa ia noie nie/a/iue ei?iaie ia aeeeiioth oceoth aai a?aiue e
iieiaeeoa ia ei?iaie nie/eo aac aieiaee. Yoa nie/ea aoaeao neoaeeoue
iii?ie aeey ae?oaie nie/ee. Aicueieoa nie/eo n aieiaeie e o?aaiiaanueoa
aa ia iii?a oae, /oiau iia eaaeaea ai?eciioaeueii. ?o/eie ioiaoueoa
iieiaeaiea oeaio?a oyaeanoe nie/ee n aieiaeie.
Nineiaeeoa aieiaeo ni nie/ee e iieiaeeoa nie/eo ia iii?o oae, /oiau
ioia/aiiay aaie /a?ieeueiay oi/ea eaaeaea ia iii?a. Yoi oaia?ue aai ia
oaeanony: nie/ea ia aoaeao eaaeaoue ai?eciioaeueii, oae eae oeaio?
oyaeanoe nie/ee ia?aianoeeny. Ii?aaeaeeoa iieiaeaiea iiaiai oeaio?a
oyaeanoe e caiaoueoa, a eaeoth noi?iio ii ia?aianoeeny. Ioiaoueoa ?o/eie
oeaio? oyaeanoe nie/ee aac aieiaee.
Nie/eo n aeaoiy oi/eaie i?eianeoa a eeann.
Caaeaiea 4.
Ii?aaeaeeoa iieiaeaiea oeaio?a oyaeanoe ieineie oeao?u.
Au?aaeueoa ec ea?oiia oeao?o i?iecaieueiie (eaeie-eeai i?e/oaeeeaie)
oi?iu e i?ieieeoa a ?aciuo i?iecaieueiuo ianoao ianeieueei ioaa?noee
(eo/oa, anee iie aoaeoo ?aniieiaeaiu aeeaea e e?ayi oeao?u, yoi oaaee/eo
oi/iinoue). Aaaeoa a aa?oeeaeueioth noaio eee noieeo iaeaiueeee aaicaeee
aac oeyiee eee eaeo e iiaanueoa ia iaai oeao?o /a?ac ethaia ioaa?noea.
Ia?aoe aieiaiea: oeao?a aeieaeia naiaiaeii ea/aoueny ia aaicaeeea.
Aicueieoa ioaan, ninoiyuee ec oiieie ieoe e a?oca, e ia?aeeiueoa aai
ieoue /a?ac aaicaeee, /oiau ii oeacuaae aa?oeeaeueiia iai?aaeaiea ia
iiaeaaoaiiie oeao?a. Ioiaoueoa ia oeao?a ea?aiaeaoii aa?oeeaeueiia
iai?aaeaiea ieoe.
Nieieoa oeao?o, iiaanueoa aa ca ethaia ae?oaia ioaa?noea e niiaa i?e
iiiiue ioaana e ea?aiaeaoa ioiaoueoa ia iae aa?oeeaeueiia iai?aaeaiea
ieoe.
Oi/ea ia?ana/aiey aa?oeeaeueiuo eeiee oeaaeao iieiaeaiea oeaio?a
oyaeanoe aeaiiie oeao?u.
I?iionoeoa /a?ac iaeaeaiiue aaie oeaio? oyaeanoe ieoue, ia eiioea
eioi?ie naeaeai ocaeie, e iiaeaanueoa oeao?o ia yoie ieoe. Oeao?a
aeieaeia aea?aeaoueny ii/oe ai?eciioaeueii. *ai oi/iaa i?iaeaeai iiuo,
oai ai?eciioaeueiaa aoaeao aea?aeaoueny oeao?a.
Caaeaiea 5.
Ii?aaeaeeoa oeaio? oyaeanoe ia?o/a.
Aicueieoa iaaieueoie ia?o/ (iai?eia?, iyeueoeu) eee naeaeaeoa eieueoei
ec aeaeiai i?ooeea, ec oceie iieinee oaia?u eee aeanoeiai ea?oiia.
Iiaeaanueoa aai ia aaicaeee e ec oi/ee i?eaaoeaaiey iionoeoa ioaan.
Eiaaea ieoue ioaana oniieieony, ioiaoueoa ia ia?o/a oi/ee aa
i?eeiniiaaiey e ia?o/o e iaaeaeo yoeie oi/eaie iaoyieoa e cae?aieoa
eonie oiieie i?iaieiee eee eanee (iaoyaeaaoue iaaei aeinoaoi/ii neeueii,
ii ia ianoieueei /oiau ia?o/ iaiye naith oi?io).
Iiaeaanueoa ia?o/ ia aaicaeee ca ethaoth ae?oaoth oi/eo e i?iaeaeaeoa oi
aea naiia. Oi/ea ia?ana/aiey i?iaieie eee eanie e aoaeao oeaio?ii
oyaeanoe ia?o/a.
Caiaoueoa: oeaio? oyaeanoe ia?o/a eaaeeo aia aauanoaa oaea.
E ianoo ia?ana/aiey i?iaieie eee eanie i?eayaeeoa ieoue e iiaeaanueoa ia
iae ia?o/. Ia?o/ aoaeao iaoiaeeony a aac?acee/iii ?aaiiaanee, oae eae
oeaio? oyaeanoe ia?o/a e oi/ea aai iii?u (iiaeaana) niaiaaeatho.
Caaeaiea 6.
Au ciaaoa, /oi onoie/eainoue oaea caaeneo io iieiaeaiey oeaio?a oyaeanoe
e io aaee/eiu ieiuaaee iii?u: /ai ieaea oeaio? oyaeanoe e aieueoa
ieiuaaeue iii?u, oai oaei onoie/eaaa.
Iiiiy yoi, aicueieoa a?onie eee ionoie ei?iaie io nie/ae e, noaay aai
iii/a?aaeii ia aoiaao a eeaoi/eo ia naioth oe?ieoth, ia n?aaeithth e ia
naioth iaiueooth a?aiue, iaaiaeeoa eaaeaeue ?ac ea?aiaeaoii, /oiau
iieo/eoue o?e ?aciuo ieiuaaee iii?u. Iiaen/eoaeoa ?acia?u eaaeaeie
ieiuaaee a eaaae?aoiuo naioeiao?ao e i?inoaaueoa eo ia aoiaaa.
Ecia?ueoa e caieoeoa aunioo iieiaeaiey oeaio?a oyaeanoe ei?iaea aeey
anao o?ao neo/aaa (oeaio? oyaeanoe nie/a/iiai ei?iaea eaaeeo ia
ia?ana/aiee aeeaaiiaeae). Naeaeaeoa auaiae, i?e eaeii iieiaeaiee ei?iaie
yaeyaony iaeaieaa onoie/eaui.
Caaeaiea 7.
Nyaeueoa ia nooe. Iiae iinoaaueoa aa?oeeaeueii, ia iiaeniauaay eo iiae
neaeaiuea. Neaeeoa niaa?oaiii i?yii. Iii?iaoeoa anoaoue, ia iaaeaaynue
aia?aae, ia auoyaeaay ?oee aia?aae e ia naeaeaay iiae iiae neaeaiuea. O
aan ie/aai ia iieo/eony – anoaoue ia oaeanony. Aao oeaio? oyaeanoe,
eioi?ue iaoiaeeony aaea-oi a na?aaeeia aaoaai oaea, ia aeano aai
anoaoue.
Eaeia aea oneiaea iaaei auiieieoue, /oiau anoaoue? Iaaei iaeeiieoueny
aia?aae eee iiaeaeaoue iiae neaeaiuea iiae. Anoaaay, iu anaaaea
i?iaeaeuaaai e oi e ae?oaia. I?e yoii aa?oeeaeueiay eeiey, i?ioiaeyuay
/a?ac aao oeaio? oyaeanoe, aeieaeia iaycaoaeueii i?ieoe oioy au /a?ac
iaeio ec nooiiae aaoeo iia eee iaaeaeo ieie. Oiaaea ?aaiiaanea aaoaai
oaea ieaaeaony aeinoaoi/ii onoie/eaui, au eaaei niiaeaoa anoaoue.
Io, a oaia?ue iii?iaoeoa anoaoue, acya a ?oee aaioaee eee ootha.
Auoyieoa ?oee aia?aae. Aiciiaeii, oaeanony anoaoue, ia iaeeiiyynue e ia
iiaeaeaay iiae iiae naay.
Eia?oeey.
Caaeaiea 1.
Iieiaeeoa ia noaeai ii/oiaoth ioe?uoeo, a ia ioe?uoeo iieiaeeoa iiiaoo
eee oaoeo oae, /oiau iiiaoa iaoiaeeeanue iaae noaeaiii. Oaea?ueoa ii
ioe?uoea uae/eii. Ioe?uoea aeieaeia aueaoaoue, a iiiaoa (oaoea) oianoue
a noaeai.
Caaeaiea 2.
Iieiaeeoa ia noie aeaieiie eeno aoiaae ec oao?aaee. Ia iaeio iieiaeio
eenoa iieiaeeoa noiieo eiea aunioie ia ieaea 25ni.
Neaaea i?eiiaeiya iaae o?iaiai noiea aoi?oth iieiaeio eenoa iaaeie
?oeaie, no?aieoaeueii aea?ieoa eeno e naaa. Eeno aeieaeai inaiaiaeeoueny
ec-iiae eiea, a eieae aeieaeiu inoaoueny ia ianoa.
Niiaa iieiaeeoa ia eeno eieae e oyieoa aai oaia?ue i/aiue iaaeeaiii.
Eieae aoaeoo aeaeaaoueny aianoa n eenoii.
Caaeaiea 3.
Aicueieoa iieioie, i?eayaeeoa e iaio oiieoth ieoue, ii /oiau iia
auaea?aeeaaea oyaeanoue iieioea. Anee iaeia ieoea ia auaea?aeeaaao,
aicueieoa aeaa ieoee. Iaaeeaiii iiaeieieoa iieioie aaa?o ca ieoeo.
Iieioie aoaeao aenaoue ia ieoea. A anee au caoioeoa aai niiaa iiaeiyoue,
ii oaea ia iaaeeaiii, a auno?ui ?uaeii, ieoea iai?aaony (i?aaeoniio?eoa,
/oiau iieioie, iaaeay, ia ?acaee ie/aai iiae niaie). Eia?oiinoue iieioea
ianoieueei aaeeea, /oi ieoea ia auaea?aeaea. Iieioie ia oniae auno?i
iineaaeiaaoue ca aaoae ?oeie, inoaeny ia ianoa, e ieoue ii?aaeanue.
Caaeaiea 4.
Aicueieoa iaaieueoie oa?ee ec aea?aaa, ieanoiannu eee noaeea. Naeaeaeoa
ec ieioiie aoiaae aeaeiaie, iieiaeeoa a iaai oa?ee. Auno?i aeaeaaeoa ii
noieo aeaeiaie, a caoai aiacaiii aai inoaiiaeoa. Oa?ee ii eia?oeee
i?iaeieaeeo aeaeaeaiea e iieaoeony, aunei/ea ec aeaeiaea.
I?iaa?ueoa, eoaea iieaoeony oa?ee, anee:
a) i/aiue auno?i iioyiooue aeaeia e ?acei inoaiiaeoue aai;
a)oyiooue aeaeia iaaeeaiii e ?acei inoaiiaeoue.
Ii/aio?
Caaeaiea 5.
?ac?aaeueoa yaeiei iiiieai, ii ia aei naiiai eiioea, e inoaaueoa aai
aenaoue ia iiaea.
Oaia?ue oaea?ueoa ooiie noi?iiie iiaea n aenyuei naa?oo ia iai yaeieii
ii /aio-ieaoaeue oaa?aeiio, iai?eia? ii iieioeo. ssaeiei, i?iaeieaeay
aeaeaeaiea ii eia?oeee, ieaaeaony ia?a?acaiiui e ?aniaaeaony ia aeaa
iieiaeiee.
Oi/ii oi aea naiia iieo/aaony, eiaaea eietho ae?iaa: anee ia oaeaeinue
?aneieioue /o?aae, aai iau/ii ia?aai?a/eaatho e /oi anoue nee oaea?ytho
iaooii oiii?a i oaa?aeoth iii?o. *o?aae, i?iaeieaeay aeaeaaoueny ii
eia?oeee, ianaaeeaaaony aeoaaea ia oiii? e ?aneaeuaaaony iaaeaia.
Oaieioa.
Caaeaiea 1.
Iieiaeeoa ia noiea, ?yaeii, aea?aayiioth aeineo e ca?eaei. Iaaeaeo ieie
iieiaeeoa eiiiaoiue oa?iiiao?. Nionoy eaeia-oi aeiaieueii aeieaia a?aiy
iiaeii n/eoaoue, /oi oaiia?aoo?u aea?aayiiie aeinee e ca?eaea
n?aaiyeenue. Oa?iiiao? iieacuaaao oaiia?aoo?o aicaeooa. Oaeoth aea,
eaeay, i/aaeaeii, e o aeinee e o ca?eaea.
Aeio?iiueoanue eaaeiiueth aei ca?eaea. Au ii/oanoaoaoa oieiae noaeea.
Ooo aea aeio?iiueoanue aei aeinee. Iia iieaaeaony cia/eoaeueii oaieaa. A
/ai aeaei? Aaaeue oaiia?aoo?a aicaeooa, aeinee e ca?eaea iaeeiaeiaa.
Ii/aio aea noaeei iieacaeinue oieiaeiaa aea?aaa? Iiiuoaeoanue ioaaoeoue
ia yoio aii?in.
Noaeei – oi?ioee i?iaiaeiee oaiea. Eae oi?ioee i?iaiaeiee oaiea, noaeei
n?aco aea ia/iao iaa?aaaoueny io aaoae ?oee, ia/iao n aeaaeiinoueth
“auea/eaaoue” ec iaa oaieioo. Io yoiai au e iuouaaoa oieiae a eaaeiie.
Aea?aai ooaea i?iaiaeeo oaiei. Iii oiaea ia/iao “ia?aea/eaaoue” a naay
oaiei, iaa?aaaynue io ?oee, ii aeaeaao yoi cia/eoaeueii iaaeeaiiaa,
iiyoiio au ia iuouaaoa ?aceiai oieiaea. Aio aea?aai e eaaeaony oaieaa
noaeea, oioy e o oiai e o ae?oaiai oaiia?aoo?a iaeeiaeiaay.
I?eia/aiea. Aianoi aea?aaa iiaeii eniieueciaaoue iaiiieano.
Caaeaiea 2.
Aicueieoa aeaa iaeeiaeiauo aeaaeeeo noaeaia, iaeaeoa a iaeei noaeai
eeiyoeo aei 3/4 aai auniou e oio/an iae?ieoa noaeai eoneii ii?enoiai (ia
eaieie?iaaiiiai) ea?oiia. Iinoaaueoa ia ea?oii aaa?o aeiii nooie noaeai
e iaaethaeaeoa, eae aoaeoo iinoaiaiii caiioaaaoue aai noaiee. Yoio iiuo
iiaeoaa?aeaeaao naienoaa ia?ia aeeoooiaee?iaaoue /a?ac ia?aai?iaeee.
Caaeaiea 3.
Aicueieoa noaeeyiioth aooueeo e oi?ioi inooaeeoa aa (iai?eia?, aunoaaea
ia ii?ic eee iinoaaea a oieiaeeeueiee). Iaeaeoa a noaeai aiaeu,
ioiaoueoa a?aiy a naeoiaeao, aicueieoa oieiaeioth aooueeo e, caaeaa aa a
iaaeo ?oeao, iionoeoa ai?eii a aiaeo.
Nin/eoaeoa, neieueei iocu?ueeia aicaeooa aueaeao ec aooueee a oa/aiea
ia?aie ieioou, a oa/aiea aoi?ie e a oa/aiea o?aoueae ieioou.
Caieoeoa ?acoeueoaou. Io/ao i ?aaioa i?eianeoa a eeann.
Caaeaiea 4.
Aicueieoa noaeeyiioth aooueeo, oi?ioi i?ia?aeoa aa iaae ia?aie aiaeu e
iaeaeoa a iaa eeiyoeo aei naiiai aa?oa. Iinoaaueoa aooueeo oae ia
iiaeieiiiee e ioiaoueoa a?aiy. *a?ac 1 /an ioiaoueoa iiaue o?iaaiue
aiaeu a aooueea.
Io/ao i ?aaioa i?eianeoa a eeann.
Caaeaiea 5.
Onoaiiaeoa caaeneiinoue auno?iou enia?aiey io ieiuaaee naiaiaeiie
iiaa?oiinoe aeeaeeinoe.
Iaiieieoa i?iae?eo (iaaieueooth aooueeo eee iocu?ae) aiaeie e aueaeoa ia
iiaeiin eee ieineoth oa?aeeo. Niiaa iaiieieoa oo aea aieinoue aiaeie e
iinoaaueoa ?yaeii n oa?aeeie a niieieiia ianoi (iai?eia?, ia oeao),
i?aaeinoaaea aiaea niieieii enia?yony. Caieoeoa aeaoo ia/aea iiuoa.
Eiaaea aiaea ia oa?aeea enia?eony, niiaa ioiaoueoa e caieoeoa a?aiy.
Iiniio?eoa, eaeay /anoue aiaeu enia?eeanue ec i?iae?ee (aooueee).
Naeaeaeoa auaiae.
Caaeaiea 6.
Aicueieoa /aeiue noaeai, iaiieieoa aai eoni/eaie /enoiai eueaea
(iai?eia?, io ?aneieioie ninoeueee) e aianeoa noaeai a eiiiaoo. Iaeaeoa
a noaeai aei e?aaa eiiiaoiie aiaeu. Eiaaea aanue eaae ?anoaao,
iiniio?eoa, eae eciaieeny o?iaaiue aiaeu a noaeaia. Naeaeaeoa auaiae ia
eciaiaiee iauaia eueaea i?e ieaaeaiee e i ieioiinoe eueaea e aiaeu.
Caaeaiea 7.
Iaaethaeaeoa aicaiieo niaaa. Aicueieoa ceiie a ii?iciue aeaiue iie
noaeaia nooiai niaaa e iinoaaueoa aai nia?oaee aeiia iiae eaeei-ieaoaeue
iaaanii, /oiau a noaeai ia iiiae niaa ec aicaeooa.
Caieoeoa aeaoo ia/aea iiuoa e iaaethaeaeoa ca aicaiieie niaaa. Eiaaea
aanue niaa oeaoo/eony, niiaa caieoeoa aeaoo.
Iaieoeoa io/ao.
A i?aeoe/aneie /anoe aeaiiiai aeeieiia auee nia?aiu iiuou, i?eaiaeiua
aeey i?iaaaeaiey i?aeoe/anee anaie o/aieeaie a aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo ii
neaaeothuei oaiai: “I?inoaeoea ecia?aiey” – 7 iiuoia; “Aeaaeaiea” – 5
iiuoia; “Caeii A?oeiaaea” – 3 iiuoa; “Neeu iiaa?oiinoiiai iaoyaeaiey” –
6 iiuoia; “O?aiea” – 3 iiuoa; “Oeaio? oyaeanoe” – 7 iiuoia; “Eia?oeey” –
5 iiuoia; “Oaieioa” – 7 iiuoia. Aeaiiua iiuou ioaa/atho anai
o?aaiaaieyi, i?aaeuyaeyaiui e yenia?eiaioaeueiui caaeaieyi.
Caeeth/aiea.
“Aeiiaoiea iiuou e iaaethaeaiey o/aueony ii oeceea. Eo i?aaiecaoeey” –
oaeiaa oaia aeaiiie aeeieiiiie ?aaiou.
A oai?aoe/aneie /anoe aeaiiie aeeieiiiie ?aaiou aaoi? ?anniio?ae
aeiiaoiea iiuou e iaaethaeaiey eae iaeei ec aeaeia naiinoiyoaeueiuo
yenia?eiaioaeueiuo ?aaio ii oeceea, eo aeeyiea ia i?ioeann iao/aiey
oeieueieeia. A aeeieiiiie ?aaioa auee ?anniio?aiu o?aaiaaiey,
i?aaeuyaeyaiua e aeiiaoiei yenia?eiaioaeueiui caaeaieyi. Aeaeaa
?anniao?eaaeenue aiciiaeiua aa?eaioa i?eiaiaiey o/eoaeyie aeiiaoieo
yenia?eiaioaeueiuo caaeaiee a i?ioeanna iao/aiey aeaoae oeceea, o.a.
?anniao?eaaeanue iaoiaeeea ?aaiou o/eoaey n aeiiaoieie
yenia?eiaioaeueiuie caaeaieyie.
A i?aeoe/aneie /anoe aeaiiie aeeieiiiie ?aaiou aaoi?ii nia?ai iaai?
iiuoia (43 iiuoa, eioi?ua auee acyou ec eiea: [2], [4], [5], iaeioi?ua
iiuou auee eciaiaiu aaoi?ii, enoiaey ec nia?aiaiiuo oneiaee), i?eaiaeiuo
(ioaa/athueo o?aaiaaieyi, i?aaeuyaeyaiui e aeiiaoiei yenia?eiaioaeueiui
caaeaieyi) aeey i?iaaaeaiey oeieueieeaie a aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo ii
neaaeothuei oaiai: “I?inoaeoea ecia?aiey”; “Aeaaeaiea”; “Caeii
A?oeiaaea”; “Neeu iiaa?oiinoiiai iaoyaeaiey”; “O?aiea”; “Oeaio?
oyaeanoe”; “Eia?oeey”; “Oaieioa”.
Yoio nienie ia neaaeoao n/eoaoue caeii/aiiui. Iiaeii caaeaaaoue ia aeii
oeieueieeai yenia?eiaioaeueiua caaeaiey e ii ae?oaei oaiai.
Aaoi? aeeieiiiie ?aaiou n/eoaao: anee o/eoaey aoaeoo i?eiaiyoue
aeiiaoiea yenia?eiaioaeueiua caaeaiey a naiae ?aaioa, oi yoi
iieiaeeoaeueii neaaeaony ia i?ioeanna iao/aiey oeieueieeia oeceea e ia
eo iauai ?acaeoee. Aeey oiai /oiau o/eoaey iiaee eniieueciaaoue oaeea
aeiiaoiea caaeaiey, iaiaoiaeeiu nai?ieee iiuoia, i?eaiaeiuo aeey
i?iaaaeaiey a aeiiaoieo oneiaeyo. Noa?ua ecaeaiey onoa?aee, iiaeii
iaaeayoueny, /oi iiyayony iiaua.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u.
1. Oai?ey e iaoiaeeea iao/aiey oeceea a oeiea. Iauea aii?inu. Iiae
?aae. N.A.Eaiaiaoeeiai, I.N.Io?uoaaie. I.: Ecaeaoaeueneee oeaio?
“Aeaaeaiey”, 2000.
2. Iiuou e iaaethaeaiey a aeiiaoieo caaeaieyo ii oeceea. N.O.Iie?ianeee.
Iineaa, 1963.
3. “Oeceea-9” E.E.Eeeiei, A.E.Eeeiei. I. “I?inaauaiea”, 1992.
4. Iiuou aac i?eai?ia. O.A.?aaeca. I. “Aeaoneay eeoa?aoo?a”, 1988.
5. Caieiaoaeueiua iiuou ii oeceea a 6-7 eeannao n?aaeiae oeieu.
E.A.Ai?aa. I. “I?inaauaiea”, 1985.
6. I?ia?aiiu aeey iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee. Oeceea, ano?iiiiey.
Ninoaaeoaee TH.E.Aeee, A.A.Ei?iaei. I “Ae?ioa”, 2002.
7. “Oeceea-7”. A.A.Ia?uoeei, I.A.?iaeeia. I. “I?inaauaiea”, 1993.
8. “Oeceea-8”. A.A.Ia?uoeei, I.A.?iaeeia. I. “I?inaauaiea”, 1993.
9. “Oeceea-8”. I.I.Oaoiaaa, N.I.Oaoiaaa, Ae.O.Oiaeeaa. I. “I?inaauaiea”,
1995.
10. Oai?ey e iaoiaeeea iao/aiey oeceea a n?aaeiae oeiea. *anoiua
aii?inu. Iiae ?aae. N.A.Eaiaiaoeeiai. I. Ecaeaoaeueneee oeaio?
“Aeaaeaiey”, 2000.
11. Cae?aanoaoe, oeceea! E.Aaeueia?iooaei. I. “Aeaoneay eeoa?aoo?a”,
1967.
12. Aeoeaecaoeey iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe o/aueony ia o?ieao
oeceee i?e eco/aiee iiaiai iaoa?eaea. E.A.Eaaiiaa. I. 1978.
13. Naiinoiyoaeueiay ?aaioa o/aueony ii oeceea a n?aaeiae oeiea.
A.A.Oniaa, C.A.Aieiaiaeneay. I. “I?inaauaiea”, 1981.
NIAeA?AEAIEA.
Aaaaeaiea ———————————————– 1
Oai?aoe/aneay /anoue ——————————- 5
Cia/aiea e aeaeu naiinoiyoaeueiiai
yenia?eiaioa o/aueony ii oeceea ———— 7
O?iioaeueiua eaai?aoi?iua ?aaiou ———— 9
Oece/aneee i?aeoeeoi —————————- 9
Aeiiaoiea yenia?eiaioaeueiua ?aaiou ——— 11
O?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e
aeiiaoiei yenia?eiaioaeueiui ?aaioai —— 16
Iaoiaeeea ?aaiou o/eoaey n aeiiaoieie
yenia?eiaioaeueiuie caaeaieyie ————— 17
I?aeoe/aneay /anoue ——————————— 25
I?inoaeoea ecia?aiey —————————- 25
Aeaaeaiea ——————————————— 28
Caeii A?oeiaaea ————————————- 31
Neeu iiaa?oiinoiiai iaoyaeaiey ————— 33
O?aiea ———————————————– 37
Oeaio? oyaeanoe ————————————- 39
Eia?oeey ——————————————— 44
Oaieioa ———————————————- 45
Caeeth/aiea —————————————— 49
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u ——————————— 51
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