Eoaaineee eieeaaeae eoeueoo?u e eneonnoa
(ioaeaeaiea eoeueoo?u)
?aoa?ao
ia oaio: “Nenoaia iocueaeueiiai
ainieoaiey Cieoaia Eiaeay”.
nooaeaioee ??? eo?na a?. ? 15
niaoe. “ia?iaeiay oi?aia?aoey”
Ieueoiaie Aeaoa?eiu
ii i?aaeiaoo “iniiau iocueaeueiiai
ia?aciaaiey e ainieoaiey”
Eoaaine 1999
1. Cieoai Eiaeae – eiiiiceoi? e iaaeaaia.
Aeaaiaeoeie iniaaiiinoyie iaaeaaiae/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe Cieoaia Eiaeay
auee ianie?ooeiay eieoeeaoeaa, iaooiieiue yiooceaci, iiieiaiea, neieue
aaaeia a ?aaioa eaaeaeay iaei/ue, e aeaiie?aoe/iinoue iniiaiie eaeae,
ii?aaeaeyaoae aai iaaeaaiae/aneea ono?aieaiey: iocuea aeieaeia
i?eiaaeeaaeaoue anai! Yoe /a?ou e i?eioeeiu oa?aeoa?ecotho aanue aai
aeeciaiiue iooue.
Ia/oa i i?ae?aniii oa?aeoa?ecoao iocueaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneoth
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoue Eiaeay, a oaeaea aai iocueaeueii-oieueeei?ioth
enneaaeiaaoaeueneoth ?aaioo. E?anioa i?inoie o?aineeueaaineie ia?iaeiie
ianie i?eaeaeea e naaa a ia?aii aeanyoeeaoee iaoaai aaea iocueaeueiia
na?aeoea Eiaeay. Yoi “ia?aaeeaaiea” ii oioae ?acaeaeeoue ni anai
ia?iaeii, ni anai ie?ii. Ii oioae ia?aaeeoue ?aaaiea e iieiaeiai
/aeiaaea io aac?aaeinoiie aeecie aac oi?ioae iocuee. Ii ia?aaeae iai
iaen/a?iaaiua nie?iaeua aaiaa?neie ia?iaeiie ianie. Eae-oi aai ni?ineee,
/oi ii iaia?aaaaony naeaeaoue ni noa?uie aaiaa?neeie ianiyie. “ss oioae
au, /oiau iie cacao/aee anthaeo, aaea niae?athony /aou?a-iyoue aaia?ia,
– neacae ii, – y noae au n iiiiuueth ianai inoaiaaeeaaoue ethaeae ia
oeeoeao, eiaaea iie n ecio/aiiuie eeoeaie euoo oaea/o, aiiyony ca eoneii
oeaaa ianouiiai, /oiau, i?eiaa e yoiio aieoaaiiio ?iaeieeo, iie niiaee
ii/a?iiooue ooaoaiea. ss iiian au yoe ianie ii anaio naaoo, iianthaeo,
aaea iiieiatho iocueaeueiue ycue; ionoue ethaee, ia?aoeaoenue e yoei
ianiyi, eo/oa iiciatho oi, /oi iie iaaeinoaoi/ii oi?ioi ciatho: ionoue
iiciaeiiyony n Aaia?eae e aa eoeueoo?ie. Ana yoi y oi/o niaa?oeoue n
iiiiuueth noa?uo aaiaa?neeo ianai!”
Ee/iia i?enoonoaea Eiaeay anaaaea ieacuaaei aaeioiiaeythuaa aicaeaenoaea
eae ia o/eoaeae, oae e ia nooaeai/anoai Aoaeaiaooneie iocueaeueiie
aeaaeaiee. Naiae iocueaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneie ?aaioa Eiaeae i?eaeaaae
aeaaea aieueoaa cia/aiea, /ai naiae eiiiiceoi?neie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iiiaea aeanyoeeaoey ioaeaaae ii ana naie neeu ono?aiaieth iocueaeueiie
iaa?aiioiinoe aaiaa?neie iieiaeaaee. Oa, eoi iao/aao a Aaia?ee iocuea,
eiatho iieiia i?aai n/eoaoue naay aai o/aieeaie. Ouny/e ethaeae – aeaoe,
thiioe, ac?ineua – ioceoee?iaaee a oi?a a aai i?enoonoaee, e iiiaea aua
iiiiyo caoaaouaathuoth neeo aicaeaenoaey aai ee/iinoe. Iia i?iaeieaeaao
aicaeaenoaiaaoue e iinea aai nia?oe, i?iaeieaeaao aeeoue a aai
iocueaeueiuo i?iecaaaeaieyo e a oao ethaeyo, eioi?ua eiaaea-eeai n iei
ano?a/aeenue.
2. Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu iocueaeueiiai
ainieoaiey Cieoaia Eiaeay.
A ?aoeaicee ia auoaaeooth a 1911 aiaeo eieao Iaoeaoa Cieoae “Oai?ey
iocuee e o/aiea i aa?iiiee” Eiaeae iacuaaao o?aie?iaeo iiaeeeiiie
oeaeueth caiyoee ii iocueaeueiie oai?ee; naiia aaaeiia – oiaoue iaoue n
eenoa e caienuaaoue ii neooo iaeiaeeth. Nionoy aeanyoeeaoey yoa iuneue
aoaeao ?acaeoa a aai auneacuaaieyo i i?aiiaeaaaiee nieueoaaeaeei.
A 1929 aiaeo a noaouea “Aeaoneea oi?u” Eiaeae ia/eiaao eneaoue
nenoaiaoe/aneee iooue, eae oeo/oeoue iocueaeueiia ainieoaiea, naeaeaoue
yoe o?iee aeoaaea, niaea?aeaoaeueiaa. A oie aea noaouea ii aia?aua
noaaeo aii?in, ianeieueei caino?yy aai, eoi aaaeiaa: o/eoaeue iaiey a
aea?aaia eee aea aeieoi? iia?iiai oaao?a a noieeoea. Iineaaeiaai, anee
ii ieio, iiaeii nianoeoue; ieioie aea o/eoaeue iaiey iiaeao oaanoe ?yae
iieieaiee io iocuee, io enoeiiiai ianeaaeaeaiey ath.
“Iia ana aieaa ia/eiaao eacaoueny, – i?eciaaony Eiaeae, – /oi ac?ineui
a?yae ee iiaeii iiii/ue. Iiyoiio y noae iioneaoueny ia ana aieaa ieceea
nooiaie. Aeo?iie aeon ac?ineuo a?yae ee oaeanony eni?aaeoue. A oi aea
a?aiy ?aii ?acaeoue oi?ioee aeon o?oaeii enii?oeoue”. Eoeueoo?a aieaa
aunieiai ii?yaeea, niiniaiay ioaaoeoue oe?ieea neie, aeinoeaeeia oieueei
/a?ac oeieo. “Iia aieiaiea iai?aaeaii ia iauaia?aciaaoaeueiua oeieu. A
aeaaaeoeaouo aiaeao iia noaei ynii, /oi ianniaia iocueaeueiia ainieoaiea
aeieaeii ia/eiaoueny eiaiii ioooaea”. Ia aoaeai caeanue aaeaaaoueny a
iiae?iaiinoe oie ai?ueau, eioi?oth aae Eiaeae a oa/aiea ianeieueeeo
aeanyoeeaoee ca iiauoaiea o?iaiy iocueaeueii-ainieoaoaeueiie ?aaiou a
aaiaa?neie oeiea, ca oi, /oiau caiyoeyi iocueie auei i?aaeinoaaeaii
aieueoa a?aiaie, ca oniaa?oainoaiaaiea i?ia?aiiu, ca eo/oeo iaaeaaiaia.
Iiaeii ee o?aaiaaoue yoi ana io oeieu? A aeaaaeoeaoua aiaeu i?aayuea
e?oae iaiaeia?eoaeueii ioiineeenue e no?aieaieyi Eiaeay e aiai?eee, /oi
iauaia?aciaaoaeueiay oeiea ia anoue iocueaeueiay oeiea. A ioaao ia yoi
Eiaeae auaeaeaaao iniiaiiieaaathuee i?eioeei: “Iocuea iaycaoaeueii
ioaeia aeey ?acaeoey /aeiaaea, yoi ia i?aaeiao ?ineioe, aac eioi?iai
iiaeii iaieoenue”.
Eiaeae n/eoae, /oi aeaoyi neaaeoao aeaaaoue eeoue niaa?oaiiue ii oi?ia
e niaea?aeaieth iaoa?eae. Naiia eo/oaa e aoaeao oai, /oi ioaeii. N
iiiiuueth aaeeeeo oai?aiee e aeieaeiu auoue i?eiauaiu aeaoe e aaeeeei
oai?aieyi.
?iaeiui iocueaeueiui ycueii ?aaaiea aeieaeia noaoue ia?iaeiay iocuea.
Eeoue oiaaea, eiaaea ii iaeaaeaao ath, iiaeii ia?aoeoueny e ae?oaiio
iocueaeueiiio iaoa?eaeo.
I?e iiiiue oiai iocueaeueiiai eino?oiaioa, eioi?ue anaai aeinooiiaa, –
i?e iiiiue /aeiaa/aneiai aieina, iaiey neaaeoao, iie?aynue ia ia?iaeioth
iocueo, iinoaiaiii inaaeaaoue aaeeeea iocueaeueiua oai?aiey. Ii yoiio
iooe niiaoo iieoe e iocuea ia oieueei ioaeaeueiua eca?aiieee, ii e
oe?ieea ia?iaeiua iannu.
A 1937 aiaeo Cieoai Eiaeae a naiae noaouea “Aeaoue oii” ia?auaaony e
eiie?aoiie oi?iaie i?aeoeea. Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu iaoiaea Eiaeay
aue?enoaeeeciaaeenue a neaaeothueo iieiaeaieyo:
1. Ec-ca oiai, /oi oi?oaieaiiue no?ie oaiia?e?iaai e e oiio aea
eino?oiaio yoio eaaei ?anno?aeaaaony, ii ia niiniaai niaeaenoaiaaoue
/enoioa oi?iaiai iaiey e ia iiaeoiaeeo iiyoiio ie aeey oiai, /oiau
aeaoue oii e iano?ieoue oi?, ie aeey oiai, /oiau nii?iaiaeaeaoue oi?iaia
iaiea.
2. Iciaeiieaiea n iaeiaeeyie aeieaeii i?ioiaeeoue iooai eo i?iiaaaiey, a
ia iooai eo i?iea?uaaiey ia oi?oaieaii! (Aaaeue e auaeathueany
i?eano?iaua aee?eaea?u iitho ai a?aiy ?aiaoeoeee, /oiau aeiaeoueny io
i?eano?a eo/oaai eniieiaiey; /a?ac ?yae eao Cieoai Eiaeae ii ae?oaiio
neo/ath nioeaony a yoie nayce ia Oineaieie.)
3. Oaeei ia?acii, oi? i?e ?aco/eaaiee iueanu ia aeieaeai iie?aoueny ia
oi?oaieaiiia nii?iaiaeaeaiea; aoaeao eo/oa, anee o/anoieee oi?a
iaeaaeatho /oaieai iio. Yoi icia/aao, neaaeiaaoaeueii, /oi iooue io
iocueaeueiie iaa?aiioiinoe e iocueaeueiie a?aiioiinoe i?aaeiieaaaao
iaeaaeaiea /oaieai e caienueth iocuee.
A yoi aea a?aiy iiyaeeanue ia?aay oao?aaeue “Bicinia Hungarica”
(“Aaiaa?neia aeaooaieinea”), ca eioi?ie iineaaeiaaee aua o?e oao?aaee.
Iaoiaee/aneea oeacaiey a yoeo oao?aaeyo niaea?aeao oaea ?yae eiie?aoiuo
niia?aaeaiee:
1) i aaaaeaiee e eniieueciaaiee ?aeyoeaiie nieueiecaoeee;
2) i iaioaoiieea eae ioi?aaiie oi/ea e aaaeiaeoae iniiaa ?iaeiiai
iocueaeueiiai ycuea aaiaa?neiai ?aaaiea.
A nayce n ?aeyoeaiie nieueiecaoeeae Eiaeae aia?aua i?eaeaeaao aieiaiea e
eoiaai ?aaiou aiaeeeneeo iocueaioia-iaaeaaiaia e e oiio, /oi oniaoiia
i?iaaaeaiea iieiioeaiiiai ianniaiai iocueaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey aiciiaeii,
anee iniiauaaoueny ia aiaeeeneii iiuoa, oieueei n iiiiuueth ?aeyoeaiie
nieueiecaoeee. Aea e aoaeouee iieiaeie iocueaio-i?ioanneiiae niiaeao
ecaea/ue aeey naay iieueco, iie?aynue ia ?aeyoeaioth nieueiecaoeeth.
Au?aaeaiiay i?e iiiiue nieueiecaoeee oiiaeueiinoue i?eaeaao iioiie
caiene iaaeyaeiue niune; noaiiaeony oaeaea aieaa iiiyoiie e iocueaeueiay
no?oeoo?a. A yoie nayce Eiaeae aia?aua iiaeieiaao aii?in ia iniaie
aaaeiinoe iiiaiaieiniiai iaiey; oeacuaaao, /oi iiiaiaieiniia iaiea
neaaeoao ia/eiaoue cia/eoaeueii ?aiueoa, /ai yoi auei i?eiyoi, e
ianoie/eai ?aeiiaiaeoao o/eoaeyi iaiey ia?aoeoueny e nai?ieeo
nieueoaaeaeei Aa?oa-eiooe. Yoio nai?iee auoae iiae ?aaeaeoeeae Ieeeioa
Oi??ae, e iaoa?eae aai aei naaiaeiyoiaai aeiy eniieuecoaony a Aaia?ee a
ea/anoaa iniiaiuo oi?aaeiaiee aeey iao/aiey iaieth, iniaaiii ai a?aiy
caiyoee ii nieueoaaeaeei.
E. Aeianae ?acaee /ao??a iieiaeaiey Eiaeay:
ai-ia?auo, oieueei aeoeaiay iocueaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue, oieueei
i?aeoeea ioceoee?iaaiey iiaeao yaeoueny iniiaie iocueaeueiiai ainieoaiey
e niiniaia i?eaanoe e iiaeeeiiiio ia?aaeeaaieth-iiieiaieth iocuee;
ai-aoi?uo, aaeeinoaaiiui “eino?oiaioii” aeey ioceoee?iaaiey, eioi?ue
aeinooiai ethaiio e eaaeaeiio, yaeyaony /aeiaa/aneee aiein;
a-o?aoueeo, oieueei eieeaeoeaiia iaiea, oi anoue oi?, iiaeao i?eaanoe ei
anaiauaio ioceoee?iaaieth, e niaianoiiio iocueaeueiiio ia?aaeeaaieth e e
/oanoao /aeiaa/aneie iauiinoe;
a-/aoaa?ouo, ie/oi ae?oaia, e?iia iaiey ia niiniaii ?acaeoue
ioiineoaeueiue caoeiaunioiue neoo, yaeythueeny ooiaeaiaioii
iocueaeueiinoe.
Ii iiaieth Eiaeay, iao/aoue aeaoae ia eino?oiaioa neaaeoao eeoue oiaaea,
eiaaea iie iao/aony /eoaoue iiou. Yoi iiaeaeaiea Eiaeay auei
i?aaiecaoeeiiii inouanoaeaii iinea 1945 aiaea: eino?oiaioaeueiiio
iao/aieth i?aaeoanoaoao oaia?ue iiaeaioiaeoaeueiue aiae, ia i?ioyaeaiee
eioi?iai aeaoe iiciatho iniiau /oaiey iio e, iao/aynue iaieth,
?acaeaatho iocueaeueiue neoo e /oanoai ?eoia.
I?iaeaiu, naycaiiua n iao/aieai iocueaioa-i?ioanneiiaea, auee cao?iioou
Eiaeaai a aai aunooieaiee a Aoaeaiaooneie aunoae oeiea a 1946 aiaeo. Ii
aai iiaieth:
1) ae?ooiciay ea?a iaeueoeaa ia aeieaeia ioiaeaeaaoue ia caaeiee ieai
aeooiaioth noi?iio aeaea; o oi?ioaai iocueaioa neoo aeieaeai ea?aoue
ia?aainoaothuoth ?ieue;
2) iaaei oiaoue /eoaoue iiou e aac eino?oiaioa; eniieieoaeue aeieaeai
iiieiaoue oi, /oi ea?aao.
Yoe iunee Eiaeae ianoiyoaeueii ?acaee a 1953 aiaeo a naiai aunooieaiee a
Aoaeaiaooneie aunoae oeiea (ia i?acaeianoaa ii neo/ath ieii/aiey
o/aaiiai aiaea). I?e yoii ii i?eaeae aieiaiea e iaeioi?ui iieiaeaieyi
?iaa?oa Ooiaia a aai ?aaioa “AEeciaiiua i?aaeea aeey iocueaioia”, e
iniaaiii e aii?ino, eaeeie ea/anoaaie aeieaeai iaeaaeaoue oi?ioee
iocueaio. A iicaeiaa iioaeeeiaaiiie ?a/e iiae caaieiaeii “Eoi yaeyaony
oi?ioei iocueaioii?” ii niiaa iiae/a?eeaae, eae aaaeii ciaoue noa?eiiua
eeth/e e oiaoue a ieo iaoue, neieue iaiaoiaeeii niaa?oainoaiaaoue naie
iocueaeueiue aeon e neieue iieacii aaeaaeiaaii ea?aoue ooae Aaoa. Ooae
yoe neaaeoao eniieiyoue ia oieueei a i?eaeiaeueiie oiiaeueiinoe, ii e
o?ainiiie?iaaoue eo. Aaaeiaeoaa o?aaiaaiea e iieiaeui iocueaioai, e
iniaaiii e eino?oiaioaeenoai, – iaoue a oi?a. Iaeaieaa oeaeaniia?acii
iaoue n?aaeiea aieina. Iaaei ?acae?aoueny e a ae?oaeo eneonnoaao,
iai?eia? a ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?a. Iaiaoiaeei a niaa?oainoaa
?acaeoue neoo. C?eoaeueii aini?eiyoay iioiay caienue aeieaeia a niciaiee
oio/an aea i?aa?auaoueny a cao/aiea, a aeonoe/aneee caoe – a iioioth
caienue. Oieueei oae niiaeao nie?aoeoueny /enei “aeooiiaiuo iocueaioia”.
Aianoi ioceoee?iaaiey, a oeaio?a eioi?iai eino?oiaioaeueiay iocuea,
aeieaeai i?eeoe eaioaaeeueiue noeeue ioceoee?iaaiey, oa?aeoa?iue aeey
no?ai n ?iiaineeie ycueaie.
Iiaeaiaey eoia, iiaeii neacaoue: Eiaeae o?aaoao, /oiau oi?ioee iocueaio
iaeaaeae ?acaeoui neooii, ?acaeoui eioaeeaeoii, ?acaeouie /oanoaaie e
?acaeouie ?oeaie. Ana yoe /aou?a yeaiaioa aeieaeiu iaoiaeeoueny a
?aaiiaanee, ie iaeei ia aeieaeai aeiieie?iaaoue.
Eiaeae ?anniao?eaaao ia?iaeioth ianith eae ?iaeiie iocueaeueiue ycue
?aaaiea. Eae e ?iaeiui neiaaniui ycueii, ?aaaieo iaaei iaeaaeaoue ei a
naiii ?aiiai aic?anoa. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, anee ?a/ue eaeao ia aaiaa?neii
?aaaiea, ioaeii no?aieoueny e oiio, /oiau iniiaiua iaoiaeieiae/aneea
i?eioeeiu iocueaeueiiai iao/aiey iie?aeenue ia iniaaiiinoe aaiaa?neie
ia?iaeiie ianie. Iaoiae iao/aiey ia aeieaeai anooiaoue a i?ioeai?a/ea n
o/aaiui iaoa?eaeii; iai?ioea, ii, iaoiae yoio, aeieaeai niinianoaiaaoue
aieaa aeoaieiio aai iiieiaieth.
Iaeaaeaiea ?eoie/aneeie ciaieyie ia/eiaaony n oaaia e oiaeueau, /oiau
aeaoue oaeei iooai ?aaaieo aiciiaeiinoue iuooeoue ?aaiiia?iinoue
oaeoiauo aeieae. Yoi aaaeao e ciaeiinoao n /aoaa?oyie e ainueiuie.
Auo/aiiua ii neooo ianie, ?aaiiia?iua oeiiee e oiaeueaa eee aea oeiiee
e oiaeueaa a ?eoia auo/aiiie ianie, iaiea n oaenoii – aio ia?aua oaae ia
iooe ciaeiinoaa n iocueie. Ano?a/athueany a ianiyo ei?ioeea ?eoie/aneea
iioeau a ?acia?a 2/4 aeaoe a aic?anoa io 3 aei 5 eao iinea iieaca
o/eoaeai i?ioeiiuaatho n eaaeinoueth.
Iaeii ec caneoaeeaathueo aieiaiey i?aeiouanoa iaoiaea Eiaeay
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi iaoiae yoio enoiaeeo ec iiieiaiey iai?aeiaeiie
iaiaoiaeeiinoe iniciaiii i?eaioe?iaaoue iocueaeueiia iao/aiea ia
ineoieiae/aneea iniaaiiinoe oiai eee ae?oaiai aic?anoa, a oaeaea – e ia
yoii aeaeaaony iniaue oii? – ec iiieiaiey oiai, neieue aaaeii ia/eiaoue
iocueaeueiia ainieoaiea aiciiaeii ?aiueoa. Caiyoey iocueie, ia/eiaaiua a
ea?iaie oi?ia, n eaaeaeui aiaeii noaiiayony aieaa na?ueaciuie e
iinoaiaiii i?eia?aoatho aeey o/aieeia ana aieueoaa e aieueoaa cia/aiea.
Iocueaeueiia iao/aiea anaaaea aeieaeii iie?aoueny ia ?aaeueii cao/auoth
iocueo, ia ianie, eioi?ua iithony, ia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua ia?aaeeaaiey e
aeoeaiia ioceoee?iaaiea. Anee eaeoo ii yoiio iooe, eco/aaiia ia?anoaao
auoue oieueei eioaeeaeooaeueii iiciaaaaiui o/aaiui iaoa?eaeii eee /ai-oi
onaaeaaaiui a iaeieo eeoue neiaaniuo oi?ioee?iaeao, a i?aa?auaaony a
iaecaeaaeeiia ia?aaeeaaiea, ai ano?a/o n eneonnoaii.
Iinea oiai, eae a 1940 aiaeo Eiaeae ?ane?eoeeiaae iocueaeueiia
ainieoaiea a aeaoneeo naaeao, iocueaeueiia ?oeiaiaenoai ia?aoeei
aieiaiea ia naiuo iaeaiueeeo. Naaiaeiy iu iiaeai oaea neacaoue, /oi
aeayoaeueiinoue Eaoaeei O. Oi??ae, aeeceie nio?oaeieoeu Cieoaia Eiaeay,
niinianoaiaaea nicaeaieth aeaaii?eyoiie ii/au aeey iocueaeueiiai
ainieoaiey a aeaoneeo naaeao no?aiu. Aeaoyi i?aiiaeiineony oaia?ue
“iocueaeueiay ieua” aunieiooaeiaeanoaaiiiai ea/anoaa: aaaeue niaeanii
Eiaeath, iocuea – yoi aeooiaiay ieua! Aeey oiai /oiau o/aaiue iaoa?eae,
a iniiao eioi?iai iieiaeaiu aaiaa?neea ia?iaeiua ianie, ea?u e
iiaiai?ee, naeaeaoue aua aiaa/a, Eiaeae ecaeae nai?iee “Ianie aeey
iaeaiueeeo ethaeae” (“Kis emberek dalai”). Oaenou e nai?ieeo auee
iaienaiu iiyoaie, noiaaoeie aeoaiei i?iieeiooue a aeaoneoth ?a/ue e
au?aceoue a iiyoe/aneie oi?ia ie? aeaoneeo /oanoa. Iaeiaeee auee
nicaeaiu Eiaeaai; iiiaea ec ieo iu iaoiaeei a “CCC oi?aaeiaieyo a /oaiee
n eenoa” (“CCC olvasogyakorlat”). Eae yoe, oae e ?yae ae?oaeo ianai
i?iieeioou iaeiei e oai aea aeooii; ana iie iaeaaeatho /ai-oi iauei, a
eiaiii: iaeiaee/anee e ?eoie/anee iieiinoueth niioaaonoaotho
iniaaiiinoyi aeaoneiai aini?eyoey e ia?acotho nieeaeioth iniiao aeey
eco/aiey aeaoueie ?iaeiiai aaiaa?neiai iocueaeueiiai ycuea.
Eoae, nouanoaaiiie noi?iiie iaaeaaiaeee Eiaeay yaeyaony oi
ianoiyoaeuenoai, /oi ii i?eaeaaae iaieth ia?iiiia cia/aiea, n iaeiie
noi?iiu, iioiio, /oi iii aeieaeii iaania/eoue aaaeouoth ?ieue
aioo?aiiaai neooa a iocueaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe (a i?ioeanna
eino?oiaioaeueiiai iao/aiey /a?ac nieueoaaeaeei); n ae?oaie aea noi?iiu,
aua e iioiio, /oi yoio iauaaeinooiiue, aanieaoiue eino?oiaio niiniaai
aeeth/eoue anao a aeoeaioth iocueaeueioth aeeciue, a oieueei yoi iiaeao
i?eaanoe e ?acaeoeth iocueaeueiie eoeueoo?u. Caiaoei, iaeiaei, /oi iaiea
aaaeao e oeaee eeoue a oii neo/aa, anee aeaaiaea?y aio o/aiee anai
ioo?ii naiei naeeceony n iocueie e anee iooue, eca?aiiue iaaeaaiaii,
aaaeao e iiciaieth enoeiiuo i?iecaaaeaiee, oaaeaa?ia iocueaeueiie
eoeueoo?u.
A ia/aea 50-o aiaeia ii ieaiai Cieoaia Eiaeay aicieeea oeiea iiaiai oeia
– iauaia?aciaaoaeueiay oeiea n ?anoe?aiiui iao/aieai iocuea. A yoie
oeiea a oa/aiea ainueie eao aeaoe aaeaaeiaaii iieo/atho o?iee iaiey e
iocuee. Oeaeue oeie yoiai oeia — i?eaeaoue iocuea oaeia aea cia/aiea,
eae e ae?oaei iauaia?aciaaoaeueiui i?aaeiaoai. Aeaoe aeieaeiu eae iiaeii
?aiueoa iao/eoueny /eoaoue e caienuaaoue iocueo. Aianoa n ?acaeoeai
iocueaeueiuo niiniaiinoae aeieaeia aic?anoe e aini?eei/eainoue aeaoae e
ae?oaei iauaia?aciaaoaeueiui i?aaeiaoai. Yoe oeieu i?ecaaiu ainieouaaoue
eae iocueaeueii ia?aciaaiioth ioaeeeo, oae e aoaeoueo
iocueaioia-i?ioanneiiaeia. A oeieao oaeiai oeia o/aiee ia?aiai eeanna
i?eia?aoaao iocueaeueiua ciaiey ia ia aeaoo aaeaiaaeaeueiuo 30-ieiooiuo
o?ieao iaiey, a ia aaeaaeiaaiuo caiyoeyo, eioi?ua aeeyony 45 ieioo.
Aeaaiaea?y yoiio e eiioeo ia?aiai oeieueiiai aiaea aeaoe nieueiece?otho
ii ?aeyoeaiie nenoaia, naiaiaeii /eoatho iiou, a oaeaea ciatho
ne?eie/iue eeth/ e aaniethoiua iacaaiey caoeia. Iie eco/atho e iitho ii
iaiyoe i?eia?ii ainaiueaeanyo ia?iaeiuo ianai n oaenoaie, n eaaeinoueth
/eoatho n eenoa iai-oaoiie/aneia iaeiaeee e caienuaatho eo a aeaea
aeeeoaioa. Eo ?eoie/aneia e iaeiaee/aneia aini?eyoea ?acaeaatho
?acee/iuie niiniaaie. I?e yoii ecaanoioth ?ieue eiaao i?ioeiiuaaiea
iaeiaeee, ?eoiia e inoeiaoi, a oaeaea aeaooaieiniia iaiea. A 1941 aiaeo
a i?aaeeneiaee e naiaio o?oaeo “Iaoue /enoi!” (“Enekeljunk tiztan”)
Cieoai Eiaeae ienae, /oi aeaooaieiniia iaiea eniieuecoaony a
iocueaeueiii iao/aiee neeoeii iicaeii. Iu no?aieiny ?aii aeeth/aoue
aeaooaieiniia eee aiiaua iiiaiaieiniia iaiea a o/aaioth i?ia?aiio, e yoi
ioee/aao iaoa i?aiiaeaaaiea io ae?oaeo iocueaeueii-iaaeaaiae/aneeo
nenoai. Aeaooaieiniia iaiea aaiaeeony i?e iiiiue ?o/iuo ciaeia. Ii e aei
yoiai, eiaaea iitho aeaa a?oiiu, iu ainieouaaai iuouaiea aeaooaieiney,
ia?auaynue e aii?inai-ioaaoai eee e i?eaio “yoi”. Iieeoiie/aneia e
aiiioiiiia aeaooaieinea aeeth/athony a o/aaioth i?ia?aiio ii/oe
iaeiia?aiaiii. Nia/aea o/eoaeue auiieiyao ?ieue iaeiie a?oiiu, a eeann –
ae?oaie. Caoai eeann ?acaeaeyaony ia aeaa a?oiiu. Iaeiiaoe, aeinoeaaaony
aeaaiay oeaeue – aeaooaieinii iitho aeaa o/aieea. Aeaooaieiniua
oi?aaeiaiey ia ia?auo ii?ao ia?aie/eaathony eniieiaieai aeaoiy aieinaie
oieueei eeoue aeaoo ?eoiia; neaaeothuay nooiaiue – iaeiia?aiaiiia iaiea
aeaoo iaeiaeee.
Ia oeieueiuo o?ieao iaiey aeaoe i?eia?aoatho iocueaeueiua ciaiey nia/aea
ia iaoa?eaea ?iaeiie ia?iaeiie iocuee, iicaea – ia ia?iaeiie iocuea
ae?oaeo ia?iaeia e ia ooaeiaeanoaaiiie iocueaeueiie eeoa?aoo?a. A
o/aaiii iaoa?eaea ia?iaeiay iocuea anaaaea ea?aao cia/eoaeueioth ?ieue.
Eiaeae /anoi iacuaae iocueo ieuae /aeiaaea, a iaioaoiieeo – iaoa?eineei
iieieii, eioi?ia aeieaeii auoue ia?aie ieuae eaaeaeiai aaiaa?neiai
?aaaiea. Iinea onaiaiey ?iaeiiai iaioaoiie/aneiai ycuea eaaei
onoaiiaeoue naycue n caiaaeiie iaaei?i-ieii?iie nenoaiie; anee aea aanoe
aeaoae a i?ioeaiiieiaeiii iai?aaeaiee, iaioaoiieea aini?eieiaaony eie
eae ia/oi /oaeaeia e yecioe/aneia. Oae yoi e auei aei 30-40-o aiaeia.
Yoi eciaiaiea i/a?aaeiinoe a eco/aiee iocueaeueiiai ycuea – iaeii ec
?aoathueo aeinoeaeaiee iaoiaea Eiaeay. *oiau inaieoueny n iaioaoiieeie,
iu ia oieueei aa?ioeenue e aaiaa?neie ia?iaeiie iania. Eiaeae nai
iaienae oi?aaeiaiey a yoii caoei?yaea – “CCC oi?aaeiaiey a /oaiee n
eenoa” (“CCC olvasogyakorlat”) – e nia?ae a /aou?ao oao?aaeyo
iiaeoiaeyuee aeey oi?aaeiaiee ia?iaeiue iocueaeueiue iaoa?eae. A yoie
aea na?ee iiyaeeenue (e?iia “100 iaeaiueeeo ia?oae”, iiiauaiiuo ai II
oao?aaee) iaioaoiie/aneea ia?iaeiua ianie – ia?eeneea, /oaaoneea e
/a/aineea, ?iaenoaaiiua aaiaa?neei. Niaeanii i?eioeeiai Eiaeay, o/aaiue
iaoa?eae, aeieaeai iiaeae?aoueny ii aiciiaeiinoe aieaa ?aciiia?acii.
E?iia yeaiaioia iioiie caiene e /oaiey iio, iaoiae Eiaeay
i?aaeoniao?eaaao iaeaaeaiea e ae?oaeie iiiainoi?iiieie naaaeaieyie ec
iaeanoe iocuee, aeaaiaea?y eioi?ui o/aueiny noaiiaeony cia/eoaeueii
iiiyoiaa eioa?i?aoaoeey eee eii?iaecaoeey. Eii?iaecaoeey a cao/auae
oi?ia eee a aeaea caiene i?iaiaeeony ii aiciiaeiinoe n naiiai ia/aea
iocueaeueiuo caiyoee.
Caienue iio e iocueaeueiue aeeeoaio, eae e /oaiea iio, i?aaenoaaeytho
niaie aaaeioth ninoaaioth /anoue iaoiaeeee Eiaeay e io?aaeatho ai a?aiy
anaai oeieueiiai iao/aiey o?iaaiue ?acaeoey o/aieeia.
Eiaeae oeacuaae ia iaiaoiaeeiinoue iao/aiey ea?a ia eino?oiaioa. Ii
n/eoae aaaeiui, /oiau aeaoe eco/aee ea?o ia eaeii-ieaoaeue eino?oiaioa,
ii aiciiaeiinoe ia no?oiiii eee aeooiaii.
Ioceoee?iaaiea, iie?athuaany ia iaiea, ninoaaeyao iniiao iaaeaaiae/aneie
eiioeaioeee Eiaeay.
Cieoai Eiaeae caieiaeny i?iaeaiaie ia/aeueiiai iao/aiey ea?a ia
eino?oiaioa, eiaaea ni/eiye naie “24 iaeaiueeeo eaiiia ia /a?iuo
eeaaeoao” (“24 kis kanon a fekere billentyukon”), iioaeeeiaaiiuo a
Aoaeaiaooa a 1946 aiaeo. *a?iua eeaaeoe oi?oaieaii ia?acotho
iaioaoiie/aneoth caoeiaoth iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue e i?aaeinoaaeytho
iiyoiio oi?iooth aiciiaeiinoue oi?aaeiyoueny e ia eino?oiaioa a
aini?iecaaaeaiee caoei?yaea, oa?aeoa?iiai aeey ?iaeiiai iocueaeueiiai
ycuea ?aaaiea. Iiiaea eaiiiu caienaiu eiiiiceoi?ii ia iaeiie oieueei
no?i/ea e e oiio aea niaaaeaiu nieueiecaoeeiiiuie aoeaaie.
Aia/aea ?aaaiie iiao aoi?ie aiein e ia?aiio, eioi?ue eniieiyaony ia
oi?oaieaii. Iicaea ii ea?aao ia oi?oaieaii iaa aieina iaaeie ?oeaie ia
?annoiyiee iaeiie ieoaau. Oaeei ia?acii, oaea a naiii ia/aea iao/aiey
ea?a ia eino?oiaioa o o/aieea oi?ie?oaony nin?aaeioi/aiiia aieiaiea e
ana yeaiaiou neooiaiai ?acaeoey, eioi?uie ii ia?aae oai iaeaaeae,
eniieuecothony a ea?a ia eino?oiaioa (iaiea “yoi”, ?eoie/aneea eaiiiu,
oi?aaeiaiey aeey ?acaeoey iocueaeueiie iaiyoe, iuouaiey oi?iu,
o?ace?iaee e o. i.).
Aiana ia aeinoaoi/ii oaoie/anee aieei ea?aoue ia eino?oiaioa: iiciaia e
iiiyoa aeieaeia auoue iocuea. Iiyoiio Eiaeae i?eaeaaae aieueoia cia/aiea
oiio, /oiau a oa/aiea anaai iao/aiey a Iocueaeueiie aeaaeaiee ia o?ieao
nieueoaaeaeei ?acaeaaeinue caoeiaia i?aaenoaaeaiea.
Iaeiie ec aaaeiaeoeo iniia oi?ie?iaaiey ec o/aieea-eino?oiaioaeenoa
oe?iei iuneyuaai iocueaioa aeieaeii neoaeeoue ?aco/eaaiea eiaaioeee e
ooa E. N. Aaoa. Eiaeae ia ia?anoaaae iiae/a?eeaaoue, neieue ana yoi
aaaeii, iacuaay |i?e yoii iocueo Aaoa oeaaii ianouiui aeey oi?ioaai
iocueaioa. I?iecaaaeaiey Aaoa aeieaeiu i?iea?uaaoueny ia oieueei a oie
oiiaeueiinoe, a eioi?ie iaienaiu, ii e o?ainiiie?iaaoueny ai ana ae?oaea
oiiaeueiinoe. Eo/oa anaai, anee iaeei aiein o/aiee iiao, a ae?oaea
ea?aao i?e yoii ia eino?oiaioa. Oiaaea ii nei?aa anaai iieiao
naiinoiyoaeueioth aeeciue ioaeaeueiuo aieinia. Aiaeiae/iua iunee
auneacuaae ia oieueei Eiaeae, ii e Aa?oie.
3. Iocueaeueiay nenoaia iocueaeueiiai ainieoaiey Cieoaia Eiaeay a
nia?aiaiiie oeiea.
A iaeioi?uo oeieao auaoaai Niaaoneiai Nithca, i?aaeaea anaai a
I?eaaeoeea e Caiaaeiie Oe?aeia, oniaoii i?iaiaeeony iao/aiea ia iniiaa
aaeaioe?iaaiiie iaoiaeeee Eiaeay. Iniaiai aieiaiey caneoaeeaatho
ynoiineay e eaoaeeneay aaeaioaoeee, a oaeaea eieoeeaoeaa a yoie iaeanoe,
i?iyaeaiiay Eaieia?aaeneie eiina?aaoi?eae. Eae iai ecaanoii, iaoiae
Eiaeay iaoae iiaeaea?aeeo aeaaea a A?aaioeia. A Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoao
Aia?eee, Eaiaaea, ssiiiee iaoiae Eiaeay iieuecoaony anaiauei oaaaeaieai
e aoiaeeo a ianniaoth i?aeoeeo.
A “CCC oi?aaeiaieyo a /oaiee n eenoa” Cieoaia Eiaeay eiaaony oaeie
aiaaoue e ?aciiia?aciue iaoa?eae, /oi, iie?aynue ia iaai – iacaaeneii io
oiai, eaeei eiaiii iaoiaeii i?ioiaeeo iao/aiea caiene e /oaieth iio, –
anaaaea iiaeii iaeoe ioaeiue iooue ?aaiou. Yoi aeaeii ec ?aaiou
aiaeeeneeo, eaiaaeneeo, o?aioeocneeo, iaiaoeeeo, ynoiineeo, eeoianeeo,
a?oceineeo, /aoneeo, aano?eeneeo, a?aaioeineeo, oaaeoea?neeo e yiiineeo
iocueaioia-iaaeaaiaia. Oi?aaeiaiey Eiaeay eneeth/eoaeueii iocueaeueiu,
eo iaeua oi?iu niaa?oaiiu, e o/eoaeue iieo/aao, oaeei ia?acii, oeaiiue
o/aaiue iaoa?eae, i?aaeiacia/aiiue aeey oiai, /oiau aucaaoue o o/aieeia
aeaeaiea ioceoee?iaaoue. Niciaaay naith ioaaonoaaiiinoue ia?aae thiui
iieieaieai, Eiaeae nicaeaaae yoe iaeaiueeea oaaeaa?u n aaee/aeoae
eiioeaio?aoeeae oai?/aneeo nee.
Oaeei ia?acii, iu aeaeei, /oi Eiaeae ?anniao?eaaao aii?inu
iocueaeueiiai ainieoaiey a ?aieao ainieoaiey /aeiaaea, a ?aieao
oieaa?naeueiie eoeueoo?u. Aiey e oaeie oi?ie?othuae iaoeeth eoeueoo?a –
aeaaiay aeaeaeouay neea ?acaeoey, e ii ioiioaieth e iae ana oi, i /ai
caeanue aiai?eeinue, yaeyaony oieueei n?aaenoaii.
Eoeueoo?a ia oiaeaeanoaaiia, eiia/ii, noiia eioi?iaoeee, iieo/aaiie
/a?ac ?acee/iua eaiaeu eiiioieeaoeee. Eoeueoo?a aicieeaao a naiii
/aeiaaea. *aeiaae i?aaeieo a?aiai, eaaeoueeny naaiaeiy, aiciiaeii,
iaia?aciaaiiui, iia, iniuneea oaeou naiae aeecie, noaoue eoeueoo?iui; a
oi aea a?aiy nia?aiaiiue /aeiaae, ianiio?y ia naith aaeeeieaiioth
inaaaeiieaiiinoue, iiaeao inoaoueny iaeoeueoo?iui. Iioiio /oi aeey
eoeueoo?u, niaeanii acaeyaeai Eiaeay, ioaeiu ii e?aeiae ia?a o?e
iiiaioa: o?aaeeoeey, aeon, aeooiaiay oeaeueiinoue. Neaaeai i ieo eeoue
ianeieueei neia.
“E?iia aea?aaa iiaeieiaaony ianoieueei auniei, ianeieueei aeoaiei
ooiaeyo aai ei?ie a ii/ao”. Aeey i?iaeieaeaiey o?aaeeoeee ioaeiu
iinoiyinoai e i?aainoaaiiinoue, ioaeii, /oiau iieieaiey eiaee
aiciiaeiinoue i?aaie/ii ia?aieiaoue, oniaa?oainoaiaaoue e ia?aaeeaaoue
iniiaiiieaaathuea enoeiu e oeaiiinoe. “Iu e naie aeieaeiu noaoue
o/anoieeaie o?aaeeoeee”.
*oi eanaaony aeona, “iaa?aiioai e oio, eoi ia oiaao aeaeaoue ?acee/ey
iaaeaeo oi?ioei e ieioei”, – aiai?eo Eiaeae. A eae iaiaoiaeeii yoi
oiaiea naaiaeiy, eiaaea “aieueoay /anoue oiai, /oi iu aeaiue ioi aeiy
neooaai a ie?a, – iocuea iianaaeiaaiinoe, aoaeiae, /aeiaa/aneeo
neaainoae – aeaaea iaaeinoieii iacuaaoueny iocueie”. Aianoa n oai
“ieioay iocuea eieaaeao aa?o a caeiiu ii?aee”.
Eoeueoo?a a eiia/iii n/aoa aicaeaenoaoao ia /aeiaaea, nicaeaao a
/aeiaaea iaeia aioo?aiiaa aaeeinoai e aioo?aiithth aeenoeeieeio. Iiyoiio
eoeueoo?a iiaeao ia?aaeaaaoueny oieueei io /aeiaaea /aeiaaeo, eee, eae
ieoao Eiaeae, “io aeeaiai nouanoaa aeeaiio nouanoao, ano?a/ae eeoeii e
eeoeo”.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u:
Y. Naie. Iaeioi?ua noi?iiu iaoiaea Eiaeay.
E. Aeianae. Iaoiae Eiaeay e aai iocueaeueiua iniiau.
E. Aa?aiaiei. I iocueaeueiii ainieoaiee a Aaia?ee.
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