Aa?eaio 1.
Caaeaiea 1.
Oi?aaeaiea eaae?aie a ?aieao i?aaei?eyoey eiaao no?aoaae/aneee e
iia?aoeaiue aniaeou. I?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey ia?niiaeii au?aaaouaaaony
ia iniiaa eiioeaioeee ?acaeoey i?aaei?eyoey, ninoiyuae ec o?ao /anoae:
– i?iecaiaenoaaiiue;
– oeiainiai- yeiiiie/aneee;
– nioeeaeueiue (eaae?iaay iieeoeea).
Eaae?iaay iieeoeea ii?aaeaeyao oeaee, naycaiiua n ioiioaieai
i?aaei?eyoey e aiaoiaio ie?oaeaieth (?uiie o?oaea, acaeiiioiioaiey n
ainoaea?noaaiiuie i?aaiaie), a oaeaea oeaee, naycaiiua n ioiioaieai
i?aaei?eyoey e naiaio ia?niiaeo. Eaae?iaay iieeoeea inouanoaeyaony
no?aoaae/aneeie e iia?aoeaiuie nenoaiaie oi?aaeaiey. Caaea/e eaae?iaie
no?aoaaee aeeth/atho:
– iiaeiyoea i?anoeaea i?aaei?eyoey;
– enneaaeiaaiea aoiinoa?u aioo?e i?aaei?eyoey;
– aiaeec ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey iioaioeeaeia ?aai/ae neeu;
– iaiauaiea e i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea i?e/ei oaieueiaiey n ?aaiou.
Iianaaeiaaiay ?aaeecaoeey eaae?iaie no?aoaaee, a oaeaea iaeiia?aiaiii
ieacaiea iiiiue ?oeiaiaenoao, i?e auiieiaiee eie caaea/ oi?aaeaiey
i?aaei?eyoeai, eaaeao a iia?aoeaiie iaeanoe oi?aaeaiey eaae?aie.
Eaae?iaay iieeoeea i?aaei?eyoey – yoi oeaeinoiay eaae?iaay no?aoaaey,
iauaaeeiythuay ?acee/iua oi?iu eaae?iaie ?aaiou, noeeue aa i?iaaaeaiey a
i?aaiecaoeee e ieaiu ii eniieueciaaieth ?aai/ae neeu.
Eaae?iaay iieeoeea aeieaeia oaaee/eaaoue aiciiaeiinoe i?aaei?eyoey,
?aaae?iaaoue ia eciaiythueany o?aaiaaiey oaoiieiaee e ?uiea a aeeaeaeoai
aoaeouai.
Naienoaa eaae?iaie iieeoeee:
1. Naycue ni no?aoaaeae.
2. I?eaioaoeey ia aeieaia?aiaiiia ieaie?iaaiea.
3. Cia/eiinoue ?iee eaae?ia.
4. E?oa acaeiinaycaiiuo ooieoeee e i?ioeaaeo? ii ?aaioa n eaae?aie.
Eaae?iaay iieeoeea yaeyaony ninoaaiie /anoueth anae oi?aaeai/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe e i?iecaiaenoaaiiie iieeoeee i?aaiecaoeee. Iia eiaao
oeaeueth nicaeaoue niei/aiioth, ioaaonoaaiioth, auniei?acaeooth e
aunieii?iecaiaeeoaeueioth ?aai/oth neeo.
Eaae?iaay iieeoeea aeieaeia nicaeaaaoue ia oieueei aeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey
o?oaea, ii iaania/eaaoue aiciiaeiinoue i?iaeaeaeaiey ii neoaeaa e
iaiaoiaeeioth noaiaiue oaa?aiiinoe a caao?aoiai aeia. Iiyoiio, iniiaiie
caaea/ae eaae?iaie iieeoeee i?aaei?eyoey yaeyaony iaania/aiea a
iianaaeiaaiie eaae?iaie ?aaioa o/aoa eioa?ania anao eaoaai?ee ?aaioieeia
e nioeeaeueiuo a?oii o?oaeiaiai eieeaeoeaa.
Noaia oi?aaeaiey /aeiaa/aneeie ?ano?naie ia i?aaei?eyoeyo no?ai n
?acaeoie i?iiuoeaiiinoueth.
O/ao
o?iaiy
eaae?ia Aic?anoiie ninoaa O?oaeiaie noaae
Oaeo/anoue ?aai/ae neeu Yooaeoeaiia eniieueciaaiea ?aai/aai a?aiaie
a) ninoaaeaiea aaeaina i?iecaiaeeo. o?oaea a) ii?aaeaeaiea ?acia?a
o?oaeicao?ao a) iauai o?oaeicao?ao a ia?eiae ieaie?iaaiey
Enoiaey ec
3. Aiaeec i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Caaeaiea 2.
Iiae i?ioanneiiaeueiie i?eaioaoeeae iiieiatho iao/ii-iainiiaaiioth
nenoaio oi?i, iaoiaeia e n?aaenoa aicaeaenoaey ia iao/athueony e
o?oaeiono?aeaathueony eeoe, niioaaonoaothuay nia?aiaiiiio i?eaea/aieth
eo a iauanoaaiiia i?iecaiaenoai, ?aoeeiiaeueiie ?annoaiiaea,
yooaeoeaiiio eniieueciaaieth e cae?aieaieth ii ianoo ?aaiou ia iniiaa
iauaeoeaiie ioeaiee e o/aoa neeiiiinoae, niiniaiinoae.
I?aaiecaoeey i?io. i?eaioaoeee ninoieo ec ianeieueeeo yoaiia:
i?ioanneiiaeueiie eioi?iaoeee;
i?ioanneiiaeueiie eiinoeueoaoeee;
i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ioai?a;
i?ioanneiiaeueiie aaeaioaoeee.
Oi?aaeaiea nenoaiie i?ioanneiiaeueiie i?eaioaoeee i?eiyoi ?anniao?eaaoue
a o?ao aniaeoao:
1. Nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneee aniaeo (i?aaeiieaaaao i?ioeann onaiaiey
ii?aaeaeaiiie nenoaiu ciaiee, ii?i, iaaueia, iicaieythueo inouanoaeoue
nioeeaeueii-i?ioanneiiaeueioth aeayoaeueiinoue, /oi io?aaeaaony ia
oeo/oaiee ea/anoaaiiiai ninoaaa ?aai/ae neeu).
2. Ineoieiai-iaaeaaiae/aneee aniaeo (auyaeaiea e oi?ie?iaaiea eioa?ania,
neeiiiinoae e niiniaiinoae o/aueony).
3. Iaaeeei-aeieiae/aneee aniaeo (?aaeecaoeey o?aaiaaiee e caei?iaueth e
ioaeaeueiui oeceieiae/aneei ea/anoaai /aeiaaea, iaiaoiaeeiui aeey
auiieiaiey ii?aaeaeaiiie i?ioanneiiaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iniiaiua iaoiaeu i?ioi?eaioaoeee.
1. i?ia?aiiii-oeaeaaie iaoiae (ii?aaeaeaiea oeaee, ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aiiu
aa aeinoeaeaiey).
2. Iaoiae i?iaiice?iaaiey (o/ao nia?aiaiiuo e ia?niaeoeaiuo o?aaiaaiee e
?acee/iui ?aaioieeai, i?iaiic eaae?iaie iieeoeee ia ia?niaeoeao).
3. Iaoiae iiaeaee?iaaiey (iino?iaiey iiaeaeae oi?aaeaiey
i?ioi?eaioaoeeae).
4. I?aaiecaoeeiiii-?anii?yaeeoaeueiue (iiaeaioiaea aeieoiaioia,
?aaeaiaioe?othueo ii?yaeie ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoaiu i?ioi?eaioaoeee).
Any i?ioanneiiaeueiay i?eaioaoeey inouanoaeyaony:
a) o iieiaeaaee ee/iinoiuo i?eaioaoeee e eioa?ania n o/aoii iio?aaiinoae
i?iecaiaenoaa;
a) i?eaaaeaiea a niioaaonoaea ee/iinoiuo i?eaioaoeee iieiaeaaee n
aiciiaeiinoyie eo ?aaeecaoeee.
Caaeaiea 3.
Ii-iiaio iiaieth Oe?aeia ia yaeyaony “no?aiie aeo?aeia”. I?e/eia neaaie
yeiiiieee ia iaeia, a ianeieueei e ?acee/iuo. Yeiiiie/aneee niaae – yoi
?acoeueoao iieeoeee ia?oee, iaioaeeoaoa iaoae no?aiu, ie?iaicc?aiey
ethaeae (anee o/anoue, /oi o iniiaiie iannu ianaeaiey Oe?aeiu aic?ano io
40 eao e ieaea). Ethaee auee ainieoaiu ia i?eioeeiao nioeeaeecia, e
aiciiaeii ii yoie i?e/eia ei neiaeii iaiyoue naie acaeyaeu ia iiaua
yeiiiie/aneea ioiioaiey. A ?oeiaiaeyuea iinou, a oii /enea e noa?a
yeiiiieee, eaae?iaie iieeoeee e ae?, caieiatho ?oeiaiaeeoaee ?aaioaaoea
e eco/eaoea nioeeaeenoe/aneea iaoiaeu oi?aaeaiey, eioi?ua ia aeaeatho
eco/aoue i?eiaiyoue, iaiyoue noeeue, iaoiaeu ?oeiaiaenoaa.
Ae?oaay i?e/eia iiaeao auoue a iacaeioa?aniaaiiinoe ethaeae ea/anoaaiii,
aeia?iniaanoii o?oaeeoueny, a nayce n iaauieaoie ca?ieaou e ae?.
i?e/eiai. Iiyoiio aeaenoaeoaeueii i?ioanneiiaeueiua, eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiua
niaoeeaeenou iieeaeatho i?aaei?eyoey, i?aaiecaoeee, neoaeau, e oai naiui
iauee yeiiiie/aneee niaae.
Aeaeaoue eaeea-eeai y ia iniaethnue, o.e ia i?eia?a ae?oaeo
auniei?acaeouo yeiiiie/aneeo no?ai iiaeii i?ineaaeeoue, /oi e aeaiiiio
o?iaith yeiiiieee ssiiiey oea o?enoa eao. E a Aia?eea aue yeiiiie/aneee
niaae – ia?eiae “*eeaai – 30o aiaeia”. Ii iiyaeeny iaiaoiaeeiue
?oeiaiaeeoaeue-iiaaoi?, auea ?ac?aaioaia i?ia?aiia auoiaea ec e?ecena.
I?iecaaaeaia i?aaeeueii eaae?iaay iieeoeea, i?eiaiaiu
nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneea iaoiaeu (ia?auaiea e ia?iaeo, iano?ie ia
ia?aiaiu).
ss n/eoath, /oi ia ioaeii oeaeeeii e iieiinoueth ia?aieiaoue iiuo e
iieeoeeo ae?oaeo no?ai ia naay, ii ana aea /oi-oi acyoue ia aii?oaeaiea,
/oiau ?ac?aaioaoue naie iooue auoiaea ec e?ecena iaaei, o.e. iioaioeeae
no?aiu i/aiue aaeee. Iaiaoiaeeii nieioeoueny a ai?ueaa i?ioea
ei??oioeee, ath?ie?aoecia e noaoue auniei ?acaeoie no?aiie ai anao
ioiioaieyo e a aeaeueiaeoai aianoa ni anaie no?aiaie Aa?iiu eaeoe
aeaeueoa.
Caaeaiea 4.
Caaea/a.
Io?aaioaiiia a?aiy: Oo= 160 /
A?aiy caiacaeuaaiey: tcai.1= 3 /.
tcai.2= 5 /.
Iioa?e ?aai/aai a?aiaie ec-ca ieceiai
ea/anoaa ?aaiou: tiio. = 16 /.
Ioeaieoue ?acoeueoaou o?oaea.
?aoaiea.
Ii?aaeaeei eaaeaiao?e/aneee iiaeoeue o/aoa aaniieaciiai o?oaea:
tcai.
E eie. = 1 – ——
Oo
tcai1 + tcai.2 8
E eie. = 1 – ——————– = 1 – ——- = 0,95
Oo 160
Ii?aaeaeyai eaaeeiao?e/aneee iiaeoeue iieacaoaey ea/anoaa o?oaea.
tiio.
E ea/. = 1 – ———–
Oo
16
E ea/. – 1 – ——– = 0,9
160
Aaniethoiue iieacaoaeue ?acoeueoaoia o?oaea ?aaioieea au/eneyaony ii
oi?ioea:
? = Oo o E eie. O E ea/ = 160 o 0,95 o 0,9 = 136,8 /.
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Aiaea?aoeeee TH.A., a?. VIII-?I/97. Oai?ey eaae?iaie iieeoeee
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