1. Aaaaeaiea
I?aaeiaoii iiae ?aaiou yaeyaony ai?ueaa ca aeanoue e i?eaeeaaee.
Iniaue ?aciao yoio i?ioean i?eia??e a ia?eiae i?aaeaiey
A?aaeiaaa, naii aoiaeaeaiea ai aeanoue eioi?iai yaeyaony
aaeeeieaiiie eeethno?aoeeae eio?eaainoaa e i?ioeainoiyiey
?acee/iuo a?oiie?iaie a naiuo aa?oieo yoaeiiao aeanoe.
Ianiio?y ia ianiiiaiiue eioa?an aeaiiie i?iaeaiu e a? ino?ioo,
ioaeeeaoeee ia yoo oaio i?aeoe/anee ionoonoaotho. Aea, aaconeiaii
anoue iaoa?eaeu i ia?aai?ioa, a ?acoeueoaoa eioi?iai aue niau?i
n aeieaeiinoe O?ou?a. Iaeiaei naycue ai?ueau ca aeanoue a E?aiea n
iieo/aaiuie aneaaenoaea yoiai i?eaaeaaeyie, ianiio?y ia a?
iieioth i/aaeaeiinoue, anaaaea iaoiaeeee aeaeeeaoiui iie/aieai.
Aeey oiai, /oiau eo/oa iiiyoue nooue aeaiiiai yaeaiey ioaeii ia?aoeoueny
e aai enoi?ee.
2. Ec enoi?ee aii?ina
N naiiai ia/aea eaeay aeanoe, aeeeoaoo?u noaea oa?aeoa?iie
/a?oie niaaoneie nenoaiu ai anao aa i?iyaeaieyo. Eaiei ii?a-
aeaeyao ainoaea?noai eae aeoaeieo, eae eino?oiaio nicaeaiey iiai-
ai, nioeeaeenoe/aneiai iauanoaa e iiaiai /aeiaaea yiioe nioeea-
eecia. Aiiaua aiai?y, yoa oai?ey iniiaaia ia eaeayo Ia?ena,
ia aai o/aiee i i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo neeao e i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo io-
iioaieyo eae iniiaa ia oieueei iauanoaaiiie no?oeoo?u, ii
e naiiai nouanoaiaaiey /aeiaaea. Iaeiaei eaieineay oai?ey iooi-
aeeo io eaeae Ia?ena, eae oieueei ia/eiaao ?anniao?eaaoue a ea-
/anoaa ooiaeaiaioa ia?enenoneie aeieo?eiu ?aaiethoeeth e
aeanoue – «aeeeoaoo?o i?ieaoa?eaoa», a ia i?aiaeieaiea aan/aei-
aa/iuo, aiaooueo oneiaee aeecie iauanoaa. I?eciaa i?eioeei,
/oi aeanoue – iniiaa anaai a iauanoaa, e ocaeiiea ianeeea (Ea-
iei ii?aaeaeye aeeeoaoo?o eae aeanoue, ia ia?aie/aiioth ieeaeeie
caeiiaie), iaeuecy auei iino?ieoue ie/aai eiiai, eae iauanoai,
a eioi?ii aeanoeoaee – ia?oeeiay ath?ie?aoey, iiiaieeaoo?a –
i?aa?auathony a i?eaeeaae?iaaiioth iiiiiieenoe/aneoth
eanoo.
Eiia/ii, Eaiei n/eoae yoi eeoue a?aiaiiie oi?iie, eioi?ay
en/acaao n «ioie?aieai» ainoaea?noaa. E ana aea oaea a 1918 aiaeo
Eaiei a aanaaea n ?aai/ae aeaeaaaoeeae auneacaeny ca oi, /oiau
ia?oaeoeaenou iieo/aee aeiiieieoaeueiui i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiue
iaae. Oae aianoa n aeanoueth noaee ?anoe e i?eaeeaaee, ainoaea?-
noai aea ia i?iyaeyei ieeaeeo i?eciaeia «ioie?aiey», a iaiai-
?io, noaiiaeeinue ana neeueiaa.
Aeaei a oii, /oi ath?ie?aoey e ia aeoiaao ia?aie/eaaoue naie
i?eaeeaaee. Iai?ioea, iia ?anoe?yao eo e oe?aieyao naia ain-
iiaenoai.
Oeaeue ath?ie?aoee – aeanoue e ainiiaenoai iaae ae?oaeie. Yoiio e
iinayuatho naay aa ?oeiaiaeeoaee – ia?oeeiua ieeaa?oe.
A naiae ?aaioa y /anoi aoaeo en?ieueciaaoue neiai“iiiaieeaoo?a”
*oi iii icia/aao ?
Neiai «iiiaieeaoo?a» i?eoei e iai ec aeoaeiu ouny-
/aeaoee. A Ae?aaiai ?eia ?aa, a?iiei i?iaicaeaoaaoee ia
i?eaiao eiaia aoiaeeaoeo ainoae, iacuaaeny «iiiaieea-
oi?ii» (io eaoeineiai «nomen» – eiy). Aeaeeii, io yoiai
e iioei neiai «iiiaieeaoo?a» eae nienie eiai eee ia-
caaiee.
Aio ii?aaeaeaiea iiiaieeaoo?u iioaeeeiaaii a Niaaoneii Nithca
a o/aaiii iiniaee aeey ia?oeeiuo oeie «Ia?oeeiia no?ieoaeuenoai». Aio
iii: «Iiiaieeaoo?a – yoi ia?a/aiue iaeaieaa aaaeiuo aeieae-
iinoae, eaiaeeaeaoo?u ia eioi?ua i?aaeaa?eoaeueii ?anniao-
?eaathony, ?aeiiaiaeothony e ooaa?aeaeathony aeaiiui ia?oee-
iui eiieoaoii (?aeeiiii, ai?eiiii, iaeiiii ia?oee
e o. ae.). Inaiaiaeaeathony io ?aaiou eeoea, aoiaeyuea a ii-
iaieeaoo?o ia?oeeiiai eiieoaoa, oaeaea eeoue n aai niaea-
ney. A iiiaieeaoo?o aeeth/athony ?aaioieee, iaoiaeyuea-
ny ia eeth/aauo iinoao»
Aeaaeaiee A. Ae. Naoa?ia ienae:
«Oioy niioaaonoaothuea nioeeieiae/aneea enneaaeiaa-
iey a no?aia eeai ia i?iecaiaeyony, eeai canae?a/aiu, ii
iiaeii ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi oaea a 20-a – CI-a aiaeu e ieii-
/aoaeueii a iineaaiaiiua aiaeu a iaoae no?aia noi?ie?iaa-
eanue e auaeaeeeanue iniaay ia?oeeii-ath?ie?aoe/aneay
i?ineieea – «iiiaieeaoo?a», eae iie naay naie iacu-
aatho, «iiaue eeann», eae eo iacaae Aeaeeean».
Ia?en n/eoae iniiaie eeannia ioiioaiea e nianoaaiiinoe.
Ii yaeyaony ee iaeaaeaiea nianoaaiiinoueth aaaeiaeoei i?eciaeii
iiiaieeaoo?u?
3. Iiiaieeaoo?a – “iniaay i?ineieea” iauanoaa
Iiiaieeaoo?a aicieeea eae enoi?e/aneia i?iaeieaeaiea i?aaiecaoeee
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo ?aaiethoeeiia?ia, naeaeaaoeony iinea iiaaaeu
?aaiethoeee i?ioanneiiaeueiuie i?aaeoaeyie no?aiu. Iiiaieeaoo?a – yoi
«oi?aaeythuea». Ooieoeey oi?aaeaiey – noa?aeaiue
iiiaieeaoo?u.
N oi/ee c?aiey enoi?e/aneiai iaoa?eaeecia, ?a/ue eaeao
ia oi?aaeaiee iauanoaaiiui i?iecaiaenoaii. Ai anao oi?-
iaoeeyo ainiiaenoaothuee eeann inouanoaeyao oaeoth ooie-
oeeth. Ii auei au iaaa?ii eaii?e?iaaoue nouanoaaiioth
?acieoeo a yoii ioiioaiee iaaeaeo eeannii iiiaieeaoo?u
e eeannii ao?aeoacee, oi?aaeythuei iauanoaaiiui i?i-
ecaiaenoaii i?e eaieoaeecia.
Ao?aeoacey ?oeiaiaeeo a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue eiaiii yei-
iiieeie, iaiin?aaenoaaiii iaoa?eaeueiui i?iecaiaenoaii,
a oaea ia yoie iniiaa ea?aao ?ieue e a iieeoeea. Oae i?ieaa
enoi?e/aneee iooue ao?aeoacee io ?aianea e oi?aiaee, io
aani?aaey o?aoueaai nineiaey e aeanoe.
Eia/a i?ioiaeeo enoi?e/aneee iooue iiiaieeaoo?u. Ii
aaaeao io caoaaoa ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e ainiiaenoao e a
noa?a i?iecaiaenoaa. Iiiaieeaoo?a inouanoaeyao a ia?-
aoth i/a?aaeue eiaiii iieeoe/aneia ?oeiaiaenoai iauano-
aii, a ?oeiaiaenoai iaoa?eaeueiui i?iecaiaenoaii yaey-
aony aeey iaa oaea aoi?ie caaea/ae. Iieeoe/aneia oi?aa-
eaiea – iaeaieaa nouanoaaiiay ooieoeey iiiaieea-
oo?u.
Aeaaiia a iiiaieeaoo?a – aeanoue. Ia nianoaaiiinoue,
a aeanoue. Ao?aeoacey – eeann eiouee, a iioiio ainiiae-
noaothuee. Iiiaieeaoo?a – eeann ainiiaenoaothuee, a ii-
oiio eiouee. Eaieoaeenoe/aneea iaaiaou ie n eai ia
iiaeaeyony naieie aiaaonoaaie, ii iianaaeiaaiia inouano-
aeaiea aeanoe iie ioioii onooiatho i?ioanneiiaeueiui
iieeoeeai. Iiiaieeaoo?iua /eiu – naie i?ioannei-
iaeueiua iieeoeee e, aeaaea eiaaea yoi oaeoe/anee ioaeii,
aiyony ioaeaoue e?oieoeo aeanoe naiei aea iiaenoaaiui eeoeai.
Caaaaeothuee naeoi?ii OeE niieieii ioiineeny e oiio, /oi
aeaaeaiee eee aeaeiue ienaoaeue eiae aieueoa aeaiaa e eio-
uanoaa, /ai ii nai, ii ieeiaaea ia iicaieee au, /oiau oio
ineooaeny aai i?eeaca.
Ii oaiaoee aeanoe. Yoi ia cia/eo, /oi aio /oaeaei
ana inoaeueiia. Ii i?e?iaea ii ioithaeue ia aneao. Ii ioioii e
iiiai iueao, aeaaiui ia?acii aei?iaie a?iyineee eiiueye; n
oaeiaieuenoaeai e oi?ioi ano: ee?o, naa?thao, aaeoaeee
aie – oi, /oi iieo/aii a noieiaie eee aooaoa OeE. Anee
iao oa?icu neaiaeaea, ii auno?aiueei caaaaeao aanueia
iaieaoiie/aneee ?iiai. O iaai anoue i?eiyoia a aai e?oao
noaiaea?oiia oiaae: nia/aea yoi auee oooaie e oieeae,
iioii – ?uaiay eiaey e ioioa. Ii caaioeony i oii, /oi au
aeinoaoue aeey naiae iiaie eaa?oe?u oeineoth iaaaeue e eoieoue
/a?ac eieaeioth yeniaaeeoeeth OeE aeaoeoeeoiua eieae
(eiia/ii, aiieia aeaaiiaia?aiiua).”
Noaaeeueiay e niayiiay i?aayuay aa?oooea,
oaea?aeeaaea aeanoue aeaaiaea?y niaeaneth a aeaaiii: no?aieaiee
einoeoooeeiiaeece?iaaoue aeanoiua ioiioaiey, caoeoeoue
eioa?anu ath?ie?aoe/aneeo no?oeoo? e nio?aieoue eieeaeoeaiia
?oeiaiaenoai, nin?aaeioi/aiiia a ie?oaeaiee iaeiiai /aeiaaea-neiaiea.
Iaiaeoth ?ieue a yoii ea?ae iai?a?uaiue e ana ia?aeecothuee
eiii?iienn iaaeaeo o?oaeiini/aoaaiuie iaueie onoaiiaeaie e
noieue aea i?ioeai?a/eaie i?aeoeeie eae oeaio?a, oae e ia ianoao.
Iieeoe/aneee eiina?aaoeci eee yeiiiie/aneay ?aoi?ia, noaaeeueiinoue
eaae?ia eee auaeaeaeaiea iiauo iieieaiee ooieoeeiia?ia, ee/iay
i?aaeaiiinoue eee eiiiaoaioiinoue, aeanoeia aaeieieno?e?iaa-
iea eee aeiiouaiea yeaiaioia ?uiea, i?ei?eoao oyaeaeie e
iai?iiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe eee eaaeie, ia?oeeiinoue eee
oaoiie?aoe/aneea oeaiiinoe, ?oeiaaaeyuay ?ieue ia?oee eee ae-
oeaiinoue iann a iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo, aieaa eee ia-
iaa iaaeaaeii eiio?iee?oaiuo,- ana yoe ooiaeaiaioaeueiua i?i-
aeaiu, ?aoaiea eioi?uo i?aaeiieaaaei auai?, ieeiaaea ia aeiai-
aeeeenue aei eiioea ec-ca aiycie ia?ooeoue eiinainon, einioaoenue
nooe aauae.
Oaeie iiaeoiae e aeaeo i?eaiaeee e oi?iiaeaieth, a caoai e
i?iaaeo iiiaeo iiiuoie ?aoi?i, i?ienoaeaaoeo ec aeaeaiey
?aoeoue i?iaeaiu, ia cao?aaeaay i?e/ei eo aicieeiiaaiey:
oeaio?aeecaoeee, ath?ie?aoecia i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey, ooaa?aeea-
oaainy aua a CI-a aa, aiethioa?ecia.
EINN inoaaaeanue aeaaiie no?oeoo?ie, i?eaeaeaaoae ethaeae e
iauanoaaiiie aeecie. Ca iyoiaaeoeaoue eao – n 1965 ii 1980 a,-/enei aa
/eaiia au?inei ia 42% (aaeaaiaeii a ia?oeth anooiaei iieieeeeiia /a-
eiaae), e e ia/aeo 80-o aa. ia?oey ian/eouaaea 17 iei. eiiio-
ienoia. Cia/eoaeueii au?inea aeiey /eaiia EINN n aunoei ia-
?aciaaieai: e eiioeo 70-o aa. aieaa /aoaa?oe /eaiia ia?oee eia-
ee aunoaa ia?aciaaiea, n?aaee anooiaaoeo a iaa n aunoei
ia?aciaaieai auei oaea aieaa 45% . Ia?oeeiue aeeao noaiiaee-
ny ana aieaa e aieaa iieaciui aeiiieiaieai e aeeieiio, nii-
nianoaoy ea?uea?a e iaeaaay eeoue ieieiaeueiua e oi?iaeueiua
iaycaoaeuenoaa ia aai aeaaeaeueoea. Iie ninoiyee aeaaiui ia?acii
a oaaaeaiee e i?aaeeai ea?u, – /oi icia/aei ia e?eoeeiaaoue
ioe?uoi ?aaeei, cae?uaaoue aeaca ia i?ioeai?a/ey iaaeaeo iiee-
oe/aneeie ?a/aie e ?aaeueiie aeeciueth, a eioi?ie oea?eea, aia-
oey, oeeieci e ei??oioeey e, a aieaa iauai ieaia, i?aiaeaaea-
iea ee/iuo eioa?ania iaae iauanoaaiiuie. A yoeo oneiaeyo
eiiioieno aeee n aeaieiie ii?aeueth, eiyeueii neoaea ?aaeeio e
ia?aaeei ia ?acaeaeyy i?e yoii a aeoaeia aeooe oaaaeaeaiee,
au?aaeaaiuo ai anaoneuoaiea.
Ec 17 iei. eiiioienoia ii/oe /aoaa?oue caieiaea auai?iua
iinou a 400 oun. ia?ae/iuo ia?oeeiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo. Yoe 4 iei.
eiiioienoia, n aieueoei i?aoaaee/aieai iacuaaaoeany aeoe-
aii, ninoaaeyee naiaai ?iaea aaie aeaiiuo ec eioi?iai i?iaiaeeee
aeaeueiaeoee ioai? i?eia?ii 400 oun. inaiaiaeaeaiiuo ?aaioieeia
aiia?aoa. A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe iooue iinooiaiueeai auai?iuo
aeieaeiinoae, iaania/eaaaoee auaeaeaeaiea aeoeaenoia ec ieciauo
i?aaiecaoeee (eiiioienou ec i?ionithcia, Niaaoia, ?acee/iuo
iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee, ia?ae/iuo ia?oeeiuo i?aaiecaoeee),
ana ?aaea i?eaiaeee e aeaeaiiui iinoai, aoiaeyuei a nithcioth,
?anioaeeeaineoth, ?aaeiiaeueioth iiiaieeaoo?o. Eaiaeeaeaou ia oaeea
aeieaeiinoe, ana aieaa oanii naycaiiua n aaeieieno?aoeaiuie e
iieeoe/aneeie ooieoeeyie, ana /aua iiaeae?aeenue e iacia/aeenue
iaiin?iaenoaaiii a auoanoiyueo i?aaiecaoeeyo. 70-80 aa. auee io
ia/aiu i?i/iie noaaeeecaoeeae yeeou e i?ae?auaieai aa ii
iieiaiey nieco. Nenoaia noaiiaeeanue caieiooie e cae?uoie.
Iiiaieeaoo?a – iiiyoea, aioaaeoaa a iianaaeiaaiua ?acaiai?u iinea oniaoa
iaeii eiaiiie eieae I.Anaeaineiai,-i?aaenoaaeyea niaie ianoiyuoth eanoo,
n o?oaeii iiaeaeathuaeny ioeaiea /eneaiiinoueth. Iieeoe/aneay
noaaeeueiinoue a?aaeiaaneiai ia?eiaea iicaieeea ?anoeaanoe
iiaouanoaaiiie yeeoa. Oaa?aiiie a naaa, a naieo i?aaao e i?eaeeaaeyo, a
aiciiaeiinoe naiiaini?iecaiaenoaa, Iaeiaei oei?aiaiea yoie, neiaii
ia?aianaiiie ec oaiaeaeueiiai iauanoaa yeeou ni naiae ea?a?oeae,
oa??eoi?eae e aeai?ii aoiaeeei ai ana aieueoaa i?ioeai?a/ea n ae?oaie
noi?iiie iieeoeee aeanoe, caeeth/aaoaeny a aiaea/aiee iann a
iauanoaaiioth aeeciue: noieei ee no?aieoueny e ae-
oeaiiio o/anoeth a iae, anee aeinoeaeei aue eeoue oi?iaeueii
ii/aoiue noaoon, ii ia ?aaeueiay i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue e eca?aiiui?
A oneiaeyo, eiaaea iiiaieeaoo?a niueaea naie ?yaeu, eiaaea
ana aeoaaea noaiiaeeanue i?iianoue iaaeaeo aeanoue i?aaea?aeaueie e
?yaeiauie a?aaeaeaiaie, iiiu?yaiia aeanoyie o/anoea a iiauo
iauanoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo, eioi?ua iiaee au ninoaaeoue
a?aaeaeaineia iauanoai, noaiiaeeinue ana aieaa e aieaa oi?iaeue-
iui.
4. Aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue – aa?oeia eeanna
iiiaieeaoo?u
Aecaioeeneee eoeueo ee/iinoe aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y
ia niiniaai ne?uoue io ie?a oi, /oi ia naiie aa?oeia
eeanna iiiaieeaoo?u i?ienoiaeeo ai?ueaa i?aaeaea anaai
eiaiii ca yoio iino, oioy iaeaaeaoaeue aai anaaaea ecia?a-
aeaaony eae iacaiaieiue e eae au i?yii aeey iaai ?iae-
aeaiiue.
Ai?ueaa ca aeanoue a E?aiea annioeee?oaony n ae?aiaoe/aneeie
aeeneonneyie /ooue ee ia eae a caiaaeiii ia?eaiaioa. Iaaeaeo oai
ie/aai iiaeiaiiai iao. Ai?ueaa eaeao ia i?e iiiiue ia?eaiaioneiai
e?anii?a/ey, a iooai aeeeoaeueiiai – aiaeaie – iiaeneaeeaaiey,
neiaeiaeoeo oeo?inieaoaiee e eio?ea, iiiyoue eioi?ua
iieeoeee aeaiie?aoe/aneiai Caiaaea aiiaua, aa?iyoii, ianiiniaiu.
E?anii?a/ea aea, anee neiai yoi iiaeii i?eiaieoue e iiaeaioia-
eaiiui aiia?aoii e /eoaaiui ii aoiaaeeai ?a/ai ia
iiiaieeaoo?ii-ath?ie?aoe/aneii aea?aiia, eniieuecoaony
eeoue ia caeeth/eoaeueiii yoaia, eiaaea ioaeii iaeeaeaaoue
iieeoe/aneee y?eue ia oaea iiaa?aeaiiiai i?ioeaieea.
Aei oiai ieeaeeo ioe?uouo aunooieaiee i?ioea iaai ia
auaaao; iaiai?io, aai aaeeoaeueiinoue noa?athony onuieoue aea-
iiino?aoeaiie ae?oaeanoaaiiinoueth.
Iino aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y iiaeao iieo/eoue oieueei
eaeie-oi iaeei /aeiaae, iiyoiio aa?oooea iiiaieeaoo?u
noa?aaony i?e eaaeaeie niaia aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y
nicaeaoue aieaa auaiaeiua enoiaeiua iiceoeee aeey i/a?aaeiiai
oo?a ai?ueau a oeaeii.
Eiai yoa aa?oooea no?aieony aua?aoue a aaia?aeueiua
nae?aoa?e: naiiai neeueiiai e niiniaiiai? Iaiai?io,
oiai ec /eaiia Iieeoath?i, /oi eaaeaony ae naiui iaaeaea-
eei e aaciaeaeiui. Oaeei eacaeny Noaeei a ia/aea 20-o ai-
aeia ia oiia /eaiia eaieineiai Iieeoath?i; oaeei eacaeny
O?ouaa iinea nia?oe Noaeeia (Iaeaieia, iaiai?io, n/e-
oaeny i/aiue neeueiui); oaeei eacaeny A?aaeiaa iinea nia-
uaiey O?ouaaa, eiaaea neeueiui n/eoaeny Oaeaiei. Oai-
aeaeueiua eiycuey anaaaea noa?aeenue iinaaeeoue ia ei?ieaaneee
o?ii aiciiaeii aieaa neaaiai iiia?oa, eiycuey eeanna ii-
iaieeaoo?u ecae?atho ii yoiio aea i?eioeeio Aaia?aeue-
iiai nae?aoa?y OeE. Aio ii/aio oio ec /eaiia Iieeoath?i,
eoi i/aiue oi/ao noaoue aaia?aeueiui nae?aoa?ai, aeieaeai
ia ii?aaeaoue aiia?aaeaiea naieie oaeaioaie e aeeiaieciii,
a auaeyaeaoue ia?aie/aiiui e aane?ueui, ne?iiiui, ii
a?oaeaiiui a oaoie/aneoth ?aaioo ath?ie?aoii, eae yoi
naeaeae Noaeei; Eaaiooeie-aeo?a/eii, eaeiai ethaee
?acua?uaaoue ec naay O?ouaa; noaiaea?oiui i?iaeioeeaeue-
iui ia?o?aaioieeii, eaeei eacaeny A?aaeiaa; eniieie-
oaeueiui thioeii, aioiaui neooaoueny noa?oeo, eaeei
n/eoaeny Ai?aa/aa.
Aaea iie, e?eeoiu e ia/aeueieee?
Ioooiaee e naeioee niieiaeo,
A iie/aeueieee auoee a ia/aeueieee,
Iioiio /oi iie/aiea – cieioi .
5. A?aaeiaa : iooue iaaa?o
*oi au nae/an ie ienaee auaoea ?oeiaiaeeoaee, ia A?aaeiaaa
aeanoue naaeeeanue eae iiaea?ie noaeueau. Noaeeio, /oiau i?aa?aoeoue
ne?iiiue ii oai a?aiaiai iino Aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y OeE
ia?oee a aeieaeiinoue «oicyeia» no?aiu, «i?eoeinue» oie/oiaeeoue
aaeaa ee ia anao /eaiia eaieineiai Iieeoath?i, ca eneeth-
/aieai, ?acoiaaony, naiiai naay, a oaeaea ia?iiioth /anoue
ia?oeeiiai aeoeaa. O?ouaa iinea nia?oe Noaeeia aue
aoi?ui, a ia ia?aui, eae iiiaea aeoiatho, iineieueeo ia?-
aui a oo ii?o n/eoaeny Iaeaieia. O?ouaa auaea?aeae
ai?ueao i?ioea iiao/eo e aeeyoaeueiuo niia?ieeia, a oii
/enea oaeeo, eae Iieioia, eioi?ua noiyee o ooiaeaiai-
oa ainoaea?noaa /ooue ee ia n eaieineeo a?aiai. Iiaeao
auoue, iiyoiio noaeeineay e o?ouaaneay yiioe, eaaeaeay
ii-naiaio, auee iaiieiaiu ae?aiaoe/aneeie ia?aiaiaie,
e?oiiuie ?aoi?iaoeeyie, aaniieienoaii e ianoaaeeue-
iinoueth.
Ie/aai iiaeiaiiai ia i?ienoiaeeei n A?aaeiaaui. Ii
iieo/ae aeanoue oae ieaaii, eae aoaeoi eoi-oi aeieai ca-
aiaey i?eia?ye oaieo Iiiiiaoa ia ?aciua aieiau e in-
oaiiaeeny eiaiii ea yoie. E i?eoeanue iia, yoa oaiea,
aio oae aii?o, /oi iinee ii aa ainaiiaaeoeaoue eao aac any-
eeo no?aoia, eaoaeeeciia e eiioeeeoia. E iaiin?aaeno-
aaiii ie?oaeaaoea aai ethaee aeaaeaeaee oieueei iaeiiai:
/oia aeee yoio /aeiaae aa/ii – oae oi?ioi ei auei. Nai
A?aaeiaa ai a?aiy ano?a/e n iaeiiiie/aiaie, ai?aeynue
noeoui iaaeaaii ioiaee?ii ia?oaea, neacae: «Aio… aein-
eoaeeeny». Yoi neiai aiieia aiaeeony e aeey oa?aeoa?enoe-
ee i?ioeanna aai i?eoiaea ia «aeieaeiinoue» ?oeiaiaeeoaey
ia?oee e ainoaea?noaa – aeineoaeeeny…
Ai?i/ai, a iaeiii ioiioaiee i?eoiae A?aaeiaaa e ?o-
eiaiaenoao iaiiieiaao noaeeineoth e o?ouaaneoth iiaeaeue.
Ieeoi ia i?eieiae aai ana?ueac eae i?aoaiaeaioa ia ?ieue
eeaea?a, aea e nai ii any/anee iiae/a?eeaae iieiia ionoo-
noaea iiaeiaiuo aiaeoeee. Ai a?aiy iiaeaioiaee aai ?a/ae
(a auoiinoue I?aaenaaeaoaeai I?aceaeeoia Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN?)
ii neo/ath ca?oaaaeiie iiacaeee eo ninoaaeoaeyi ia?aaeaee aeaaiia
iiaeaeaiea caeac/eea: «Iine?iiiaa, iine?iiiaa, y ia eeaea?, y ia
aiaeaeue…»
A?aaeiaa yaeye niaie i?yioth i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue
O?ouaao n aai niaeinoueth, neeiiiinoueth e ?eneo, aeaaea
aaaioth?a, n aai aeaaeaeie iiaeciu e ia?aiai. Ii/aio aea
O?ou?a oae iie?iaeoaeuenoaiaae aio ?
Eae ee/iinoue aaoi?eoa?iay, ia neeiiiay aeaeeoue aeanoue e
aeeyiea n ae?oaeie ethaeueie, ii aieueoa anaai ie?oaeae na-
ay oaeeie ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie, eioi?ua a ?io aio aeyaeaee,
iiaeaeaeeaaee e n aioiaiinoueth auiieiyee ethaia aai ii?o-
/aiea. Aio ia ioaeiu auee ni?aoieee, a oai aieaa aiae-
aee. Ii aeiaieueii iaoeaaaeny n ieie iinea nia?oe Noaee-
ia, eiaaea Iaeaieia, Iieioia, Eaaaiiae/ iuoaeenue eca-
iaoue aai n iieeoe/aneiai Ieeiia. Oaeea, eae A?aaeiaa,
Iiaeai?iue, Ee?e/aiei, Oaeano, auee iineooiuie en-
iieieoaeyie aai aiee, «iiae?o/iuie», eae iacuaae eo
O?ouaa. I?aaaea, eiaaea aeaei aeioei aei nae?aiai-
oaeueiiai aii?ina «eoi-eiai?», eiaiii yoe «iiae?o/-
iua» auno?i ia?aaaaeaee ia ae?oaoth noi?iio. Eai a iiee-
oeea ia auaaao ethaae – caeanue i?aaaee?otho eioa?anu
aeanoe.
Naia ii naaa niaia ?oeiaiaenoaa oaeei eiaiii ia?a-
cii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaeei ec ?aaeeeo neo/aaa a iieeoe-
/aneie enoi?ee. Iau/ii iiaeiaiue iaoiae ieacuaaeny yo-
oaeoeaiui oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea oaeaaee i?aaeiaai aean-
oeoaey. Oniao «ie?iiai caaiai?a» i?ioea O?ouaaa iea-
caeny aiciiaeai ii aeaoi i?e/eiai. Ia?aay – ii nai a
iineaaeiea aiaeu i?aaeaiey iaeio ca ae?oaie iiae?oaae ana
aaoae oiai aea?aaa, ia eioi?ii ceaeaeeeanue aai aeanoue. Ae?o-
aay i?e/eia – Oaeaiei.
O?ouaa, eaaeaony, ie e eiio ia ioiineeny n oaeei aei-
aa?eai e ieeiai ia iiaeieiae oae auno?i ii ia?oeeiie
e ainoaea?noaaiiie eanoieoea, eae yoiai aeayoaey. Ca ei?io-
eee n?ie Oaeaiei ec ?yaeiaiai /eaia OeE noae /eaiii
I?aceaeeoia, i?aaenaaeaoaeai Eiieoaoa ia?oeeii-ainoaea?-
noaaiiiai eiio?iey, nae?aoa?ai OeE… Iienoeia aa?ii ai-
ai?eony: ecaaaue ian, aiaea, io iaoeo ae?ocae, a n a?aaaie
iu eae-ieaoaeue naie ni?aaeiny.
Oaeaiei, iaeiaei, aeanoiei i?in/eoaeny. Ii ieioi
ciae iaoo enoi?eth, oioy ieii/ee EOEE. Ii aue oaaae-
aeai, /oi A?aaeiaa-oeao?a i?iiaaeooi/iay, a?aiaiiay,
e aio ie/aai ia aoaeao noieoue, nie?ooea oaeiai aeaaioa,
eae O?ouaa, ni?aaeoueny n /aeiaaeii, eioi?ue aue anaai
eeoue aai neaaie oaiueth.
Iaaei caiaoeoue, /oi anae naiae ea?uea?ie A?aaeiaa aue
iaycai eiaiii O?ouaao. Ii caeii/ee caieaono?ieoaeue-
iue oaoieeoi a Eo?nea e oieueei a aeaaaeoeaoeiyoeeaoiai
aic?anoa anooiee a ia?oeth. Caoai, ieii/ea einoeooo, ia-
/ae iieeoe/aneoth ea?uea?o. A iaa 1937 aiaea (!) A?aaeiaa
noaiiaeony caianoeoaeai i?aaenaaeaoaey eniieeiia ai?ni-
aaoa Aeiai?iaeca?aeeinea, a /a?ac aiae ieacuaaaony a iaei-
ia ia?oee a Aeiai?iiao?ianea. O?oaeii neacaoue, niinianoaiaae
ee O?ouaa yoei ia?aui oaaai A?aaeiaaa, ii any aai iineaaeothuay
ea?uea?a i?ienoiaeeo i?e naiie aeoeaiie iiaeaea?aeea oiaaeaoiaai
ia?aiai nae?aoa?y OeE Eiiia?oee Oe?aeiu, a iioii e nae?aoa?y
OeE AEI(a). Eiaaea A?aaeiaa aue iai?aaeai ia aeieaeiinoue
ia?aiai nae?aoa?y OeE Eiiia?oee Iieaeaaee, ii i?eaae ooaea iiiaeo
naieo ae?ocae ec Aeiai?iiao?ianea, caeanue aea ia?ae a ea/a-
noaa aeeaeaeoaai nio?oaeieea oiaaeaoiaai caaaaeothuaai
ioaeaeii i?iiaaaiaeu e aaeoaoeee OeE Eiiia?oee ?anioa-
eeee E. O. *a?iaiei.
Iinea XIX nuacaea ia?oee A?aaeiaa noaiiaeony nae?a-
oa?ai OeE, eaiaeeaeaoii a /eaiu I?aceaeeoia OeE, iinea
nia?oe Noaeeia ieacuaaaony a Aeaaiii iieeoe/aneii oi-
?aaeaiee Niaaoneie A?iee e AIO. *ai aieueoa oe?ai-
eyeny O?ouaa, oai auoa iiaeieiaeenue aeoeee A?aaeiaaa.
E ieoya?ueneiio Ieaioio 1964 aiaea ii – aoi?ie nae?a-
oa?ue OeE. Oaeei ia?acii, O?ouaa nianoaaiiuie ?oeaie
nii?oaeee iueaaeanoae aeey i?aaiieea.
Ai?i/ai, A?aaeiaa ia noae ?ani?aaeyoueny ni naiei
i?aaeiyy iie?iaeoaeai. O?ouaa nicaeae i?aoeaaeaio ia
ethiueneii Ieaioia OeE EINN 1957 aiaea. ?anneacuaatho,
/oi iinea iici?iiai ii?aaeaiey noaeeineie aaa?aeee aio
iicaiiee Eaaaiiae/, eioi?ue ia i?ioyaeaiee iiiaeo eao
iie?iaeoaeuenoaiaae O?ouaao, e ni?inee: «Ieeeoa, /oi n
iaie aoaeao?» O?ouaa ioaaoee aio aii?inii ia aii?in:
«A /oi au au naeaeaee, anee au aaoa acyea? Naiieee au
a Oiooa?aeaie eee iinoaaeee e noaiea? A y aai neaaeo
i?inoi: eaeeoa au… naie ciaaoa eoaea». E ooo neaaeiaaei
e?aieia iaia/aoiia neiai. Iii – yoi neiai – icia/aei
iiaoth o?aaeeoeeth: iiaa?aeaiiuo iieeoeeia ia oaeaaee, a
iii?inoo iono?aiyee. Yoie o?aaeeoeeae ainiieueciaaeny e
A?aaeiaa. Iono?aiea O?ouaaa, ii ioi?aaee aai aeiaeeaaoue
aeeciue ia caai?iaeioth aea/o, i?aaeoniio?eoaeueii niaiea
oai io?aio.
6. Oaeaiei – iineaaeiaa i?aiyaenoaea
ia iooe
Eae i?ienoiaeeo a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ai?ueaa ca aeanoue
a aa?oooea eeanna iiiaieeaoo?u, ?anniio?ei ia i?eia?a
noaaoee A?aaeiaaa n Oaeaieiui ca iino Aaia?aeueiiai nae-
?aoa?y OeE EINN. I niia?ie/anoaa A?aaeiaaa e Uaeaieia
caiaaeiay i?anna ienaea iiiai, ii nouanoaaiiua yeaiai-
ou yoie enoi?ee iioaeeeiaaiu ia auee.
Eaeiaa auea ea?uea?a Aeaenaiae?a Oaeaieia ?
Ie iaeia ec iieeoe/aneeo caacae E?aiey ia iiaeiyeanue
ia ia?oeeiii iaaineeiia noieue aeenoaoaeueii e ia caeaoe-
eanue noieue aac?aaeinoii, eae caacaea Oaeaieia.
A eiioea CI-o aiaeia Oaeaiei aue nooaeaioii Iineia-
neiai einoeoooa oeeinioee, eeoa?aoo?u e enoi?ee
(EOEE), a oi a?aiy iaeaieaa iiaeiiai a e?oaao iineianeie
eioaeeeaaioeee. Naoa Oaeaiei aeoeaii i?iaeaeaaeny ii
eiiniiieueneie eeiee e noae nae?aoa?ai eiieoaoa AEENI
einoeoooa. Nae?aoa?ai ii aue, eae oiaaea e iieaaaeinue
no?iaui e aaeeoaeueiui. Oaeaiei e?e/ae ia iaeio nooaeaioeo EOEE,
eiaaea iia iioa?yea eiiniiieueneee aeeao: Ou ciaaoue, /oi ou
niaa?oeea? Ou ioaeaea naie aeeao a?aao. Aio nae/an ou neaeeoue
caeanue, a a?aa ,oieii, aeeaa?naio – i?ioiaeeo ii oaiaio aeeaoo a
caeaiea
OeE eiiniiiea!”
A OeE eiiniiiea i?ioae, iaeiaei, ia ieoe/aneee a?aa,
a nai Oaeaiei. Ieii/ea einoeooo, aaeeoaeueiue nae?aoa?ue
aue acyo ia ?aaioo a Iineianeee ai?iaeneie eiieoao eii-
niiiea, e a ia/aea aieiu aio auei ii?o/aii iiaeae?aoue
eiiniiieueoeaa aeey caa?inee a oue aa?iaooa – eae ?ac
a ea/anoaa noieue aieiiaaaoeo Oaeaieia oieiiia e aeeaa?-
naioia. A /enea ioia?aiiuo ei ieacaeanue ciaiaieoay Ciy
Einiiaeaiueyineay – oeieueieoea, iaoaea/eeaay aeeaa?naio-
ea, iineaoay eee/eo Oaiy. Iia auea iieiaia iaioeaie
e iiaaoaia eie a iiaeiineiaiie aea?aaia Iao?euaai.
N iaoeae ia oaa Ciy e?eeioea: Noaeei n iaie- Noaeei
i?eaeao! – ca /oi e auea iauyaeaia niaaoneie iaoeeiiaeue-
iie aa?ieiae.
Eiaiii ia aeaaee ian/anoiie aeaaooee e naeaeae naith
ea?uea?o Aeaenaiae? Oaeaiei. Noaeei ee/ii caeioa?aniaaeny,
eoi iouneae Cith e i?inee ia?aoeoue ia iaai aieiaiea.
A oo ieiooo e ia/aeinue iaoaea?aeeiia aicauoaiea Aeaenaiae?a
Oaeaieia, i?eaaaeoaa e oiio /oi ii /ooue auei ia noae o?aoueei
i?aaiieeii naiiai Noaeeia.
Oneaiei iineaaeiaaoaeueii aue ia?aui nae?aoa?ai
Iineianeiai eiieoaoa eiiniiiea, nae?aoa?ai OeE
AEENI, ia?aui nae?aoa?ai OeE AEENI, i?aaenaaeaoaeai
EAA NNN? iaeiiaoe, eaiaeeaeaoii a /eaiu I?aceaeeoia
e nae?aoa?ai OeE EINN, aaaeaaoei ia?oeeiuie e aaeie-
ieno?aoeaiuie i?aaiaie, aeeth/ay EAA. Eiaiii iaoiaeynue
a yoie aanueia neeueiie iiceoeee, Oaeaiei e i?ioyioe
?oeo e iinoo Ia?aiai nae?aoa?y OeE EINN – aeaau eean-
na iiiaieeaoo?u.
Iiiuoea caoaaoa aunoaai iinoa a iiiaieeaoo?a auea
i?aaei?eiyoa Oaeaieiui iinea ouaoaeueiie iiaeaioiaee.
Ia i?ioyaeaiee ?yaea eao ii noa?aoaeueii oi?ie?iaae eaae-
?u naieo aannaeia, any/anee i?iaeaeaay aia?aae /eaiia
naiae a?oiiu. A?ae ii a yoo a?oiio oieueei ethaeae ioae-
iuo, eae i?eiyoi aiai?eoue ia iiiaieeaoo?iii aea?aiia
ia?niaeoeaiuo. Anao eo ii eiioeaio?e?iaae a OeE eii-
niiiea, acye ?yae ec ieo caoai ia ?oeiaiaeyuea iinou
a EAA. Ia?aeaey ioooaea a OeE ia?oee, Oaeaiei ia?aaeae
iino i?aaenaaeaoaey EAA naiaio i?aaiieeo ia aeieaeiinoe
ia?aiai nae?aoa?y OeE eiiniiiea Naie/anoiiio e noae
eae nae?aoa?ue OeE EINN ?annaaeeaaoue naieo auaoeo eii-
niiieueoeaa ia ?acee/iua ?oeiaiaeyuea iinou. Aeaei
auei i?aaieciaaii oe?iei. Iaii?enoua e iaaeua iieiaeua
ea?uea?enou ec aiia?aoa eiiniiiea, auno?i i?icaaiiua
ooiaaeaeiaie, ?aniiecaeenue ii iiiaieeaoo?a.
Eiaiii oaeie ieacaeanue ianoaiiaea ei a?aiaie naa?aea-
iey O?ouaaa. Oaeaiei e Naie/anoiue i?aaiecaoeeiiii
iiaeaioiaeee anth yoo iia?aoeeth. Iaoiaeeaoeeny ia ainaea/a
a Ieoeoiaea O?ouaa aue iacaiaoii iieiinoueth ioai?iaeai
eie io anaai ie?a, e aai noi?iiieeai ia oaeaeinue niiaueoue
aio i aioiaeaoainy ia?aai?ioa. Oaeaiei e Nnie/anoiue.
i?aaieciaaee oaeaea aeinoaaeo O?ouaaa ec Ieoeoiaeu i?yii
ia canaaeaiea I?aceaeeoia OeE, aaea aio auei iauyaeaii i
aai ionoaaea.
Oaeaiei iaaea?ii i?iaiaeee anth yoo naycaiioth n iaia
eui ?eneii aeoeeth. Aeaeae ii yoi ia aeey ae?oaeo, a aeey naay.
anoue iaeei ia ioaeeeiaaaoeeny aei neo ii? oaeo, aac
ciaiey eioi?iai iaeuecy iiiyoue aanue oiae niauoee. Oaeo oa-
eia: ia A?aaeiaa, a Oaeaiei aue iaia/ai ia iino i?aaiieea
O?ouaaa – Ia?aiai nae?aoa?y OeE EINN. Aue iiaeai-
oiaeai aeaaea niioaaonoaothuee i?iaeo iinoaiiaeaiey OeE.
Auea aeinoeaiooa aeiaiai?aiiinoue e i oii, /oi A?aaeiaa ec-
ae?aeny Ia?aui nae?aoa?ai OeE EINN eeoue a?aiaiii,
n oeaeueth ne?uoue iiaeeeiiua ieoe aioeo?ouaaneiai caaiai-
?a; caoai yoio iino aeieaeai aue ia?aeoe a ?oee Oaeaieia.
Eaeea aa?aioee i?ioea eiioeaio?aoeee aeanoe a ?oeao
Oaeaieia aeieaeia auea iieo/eoue aa?oooea eeanna iiiai-
eeaoo?u? Auei i?eiyoi iaiioaeeeiaaiiia oiaaea ?aoaiea
OeE ia aeiioneaoue a aeaeueiaeoai niaiauaiey a iaeiii
eeoea iaycaiiinoae Ia?aiai nae?aoa?y OeE EINN e I?aae-
naaeaoaey Niaaoa Ieieno?ia NNN?.
Ae?oaie aii?in: aeaenoaeoaeueii ee /eaiu I?aceaeeoia
OeE oaeiaieuenoaiaaeenue oaeie oeaiie ca ia?aaea/o iinoa Ia?-
aiai nae?aoa?y OeE neeiiiiio e aeeeoaoi?noao Oaeaieio?
O?oaeii ioaeaeaoueny io aia/aoeaiey, /oi /eaiu I?aceaeeoia
OeE i?inoi iaiaioee iineaaeiaai. Ii aue ioaeai ei, oae eae
aac iiaeaea?aeee eiio?iee?iaaaoaainy ei EAA caaiai? ia
oaeaeny au, iiyoiio iie iaauaee Oaeaieio iino Ia?aiai
nae?aoa?y OeE. Ii, aeaeeii, aeaeaiey auiieiyoue yoi iaaua-
iea o /eaiia I?aceaeeoia OeE EINN ia auei. Oieueei oae
iiaeii iauynieoue ?aceoth ?a/ue Ieeiyia ia canaaeaiee I?a-
ceaeeoia OeE EINN, iai?aaeaiioth i?ioea iacia/aiey Oa-
eaieia ia iino ia?aiai nae?aoa?y. Ieeiyi ioa/anee
i?aaeinoa?aa nia?aaoeony, /oi-aea a i?ioeaiii neo/aa ei
i?eaeaony ia?aaeeoue iiiai aaae n yoei iieiaeui /aeiaaeii .
Ieeiaaea aac ioaeaeu ia ?eneiaaaoee Ieeiyi, i?ioea
eioi?iai ee/ii Oaeaiei ie/aai ia eiae, ia noae au oae
aunooiaoue e iiaeaa?aaoue naay iianiinoe ianoe oaenieioeaa,
anee au ia aue ca?aiaa oaa?ai a oii, /oi I?aceaeeoi
OeE aai iineooaaony.
Oaeaieia ia?aaaee ec eaiaeeaeaoia a /eaiu I?aceaeeo-
ia OeE, Naie/anoiiai aaaee a ninoaa OeE EINN. Ii ia
iinoo Ia?aiai nae?aoa?y OeE inoaeny A?aaeiaa – iioiio
/oi, eae iu oaea aiai?eee, ii ?anniao?eaaeny ae?oaeie
/eaiaie I?aceaeeoia a ea/anoaa iaeiaiueoaai cea. A?aaeiaa
ia caaue Ieeiyio yoie oneoae: auoaaeoee ia iaineth e
aeaaii oaea ia /eai Iieeoath?i, eiaeee noa?aoe aei naiie
nia?oe iieueciaaeny anaie i?eaeeaaeyie /eaia aunoaai
?oeiaiaenoaa.
A?aaeiaa, eiia/ii, iiieiae, eae oaoei auei aai iiei-
aeaiea. Ia yoii n iniaie neeie iaiiiiee aio neaaeothuee
oaeo. I?e ioe?uoee XXIII nuacaea EINN (1965 aiae)
oaeaieioeu ono?ieee aeaiiino?aoeeth: eiaaea i?e eca?aiee
i?aceaeeoia nuacaea auei iacaaii eiy Oaeaieia, a caea
?ac?aceeenue ao?iua aieiaeeniaiou – i/aaeaeii, ca?aiaa
i?aaieciaaiiua. A?aaeiaaoeu iaiiaaiii ni?eaioe?iaaeenue
e ia/aee aieiaee?iaaoue iinea eaaeaeiai ca/eouaaaiiai eia-
ie /oiau naeaaeeoue iaeiaeinoue; ii yoa n oi/ee c?aiey
oiaaeaoieo i?aaia EINN eneeth/eoaeueii iaaeay auoiaeea
iieacuaaea, /oi Oaeaiei ia iaia?ai noaniyoueny a n?aaenoa-
aao e /oi aeaenoaiaaoue i?ioea iaai iaaei auei auno?i.
Aaeeinoaaiiue ec anao nae?aoa?ae OeE EINN Oaeaiei
niaiauae yoo aeieaeiinoue n i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiui iinoii:
a ea/anoaa i?aaenaaeaoaey Eiieoaoa ia?oeeiiai e ainoaea?-
noaaiiiai eiio?iey ii aue iaeiia?aiaiii nae?aoa?ai
OeE EINN e caianoeoaeai I?aaenaaeaoaey Niaaoa Ieieno?
?ia NNN?. N oeaeueth eeoeoue aai yoiai noaoona OeE EINN
iii?inoo eeeaeaee?iaae Eiieoao ia?oeeiiai e ainoaea?-
noaaiiiai eiio?iey, ia?aciaaa aianoi iaai Eiieoao ia?iae-
iiai eiio?iey. Uaeaiei aue inaiaiaeaeai io aeieaeiinoe ca-
ianoeoaey I?aaenaaeaoaey Niaaoa Ieieno?ia NNN?, i?aaena-
aeaoaeai aea Eiieoaoa ia?iaeiiai eiio?iey ooaa?aeaeai
ia aue.
Iaeiaei o Oaeaieia inoaaaeny iino nae?aoa?y OeE
ia?oee, e iiyoiio aeey iaai auea iiaeia?aia aeieaeiinoue,
oi?iaeueii noieue aunieay, /oiau aa iia caieiaoue /eai Ii-
eeoath?i: Oaenieia aae?oa ooaa?aeeee i?aaenaaeaoaeai
AOeNIN, oaeei ia?acii ii auaue ec nae?aoa?ae OeE.
Iinea yoiai anai noaei ynii, /oi Oaeaiei i?iea?ae ea?o.
1964 – 1965 aa. – iee ea?uea?u Oaeaieia e ia/aei aa eiioea: a
yoio ia?eiae ii noaiiaeony /eaiii Iieeoath?i e oo?a-
/eaaao naia iieeoe/aneia aeeyiea, eiaaea nia?aa oa?yao
iino caianoeoaey I?aaenaaeaoaey Niaaoa Ieieno?ia, a ca-
oai auaiaeeony ec Nae?aoa?eaoa OeE. Oaeaiei, iaeiaei,
iaeaaeae aua iaeioi?ui aeeyieai a ?oeiaiaeyueo e?oaao
ia?oee, iiiieee aai ?ieue a ieceiaeaiee O?ouaaa, /oiau
aai iiaeii auei cai?inoi i?iaiaoue. Iiyoiio A?aaeiaa
iinea oiai eae aui?iaiaeee aai ec Nae?aoa?eaoa OeE a
i?ionithcu, n/ae ioaeiui iicieioeoue ieetheth – a /anoue
50-eaoiy Oaeaieio auea a?o/aia Caacaea Aa?iy Nioeeaee-
noe/aneiai O?oaea. Oaeaiei, iaeiaei, aua aeieai inoaaaeny
/eaiii Iieeoath?i, a eioi?ii ii a iieneao iii?u ia-
oaeny ec noi?iiu a noi?iio. Iiaeaea?aeeaay i?ioeaieeia
A?aaeiaaa, ii iaiaeeaeaiii noae i?iyaeyoue naay eeaa?a-
eii, eeoi?aaei/ii eua ni/oanoaey e iiaeaea?aeee Einuaeia,
e ?aoeeny ia e?eoeeo A?aaeiaaa ca ionoonoaea o iaai
oeaeaiai?aaeaiiinoe e ii?aaeaeaiiinoe ai aioo?aiiae
iieeoeea. Nionoy eaeia-oi a?aiy Oaeaiei naeaeaeny ai?y-
/ei iiai?ieeii aainaea e iiiuoaeny, oaiaeaeay A?aaeiaao,
i?aaieciaaoue a Iieeoath?i iiaeaea?aeeo ?ac?yaeea. Ii auei
oaea iicaeii: A?aaeiaa ia i?inoee ionooiie/anoaa.
Ii/aio ii ia nii?ioeaeyeny? Iioiio /oi A?aaeiaa
iiae?uaae ia oieueei iiceoeee ee/ii Oaeaieia, ii iaeii-
a?aiaiii ?acaiiye aai a?oiio. Oaeaieio auei iii?inoo ia
ia eiai iia?aoueny.
Naie/anoiue aue eeoai iinoa i?aaenaaeaoaey EAA
NNN? e ioi?aaeeny a Eeaa a ea/anoaa caianoeoaey I?aae-
naaeaoaey Niaaoa Ieieno?ia ONN?. *oiau auaiaoue ae?oaiai
oaeaieioea – /eaia i?aaeoaeuenoaa NNN?, auaoaai nae?a-
oa?y OeE eiiniiiea ?iiaiianeiai, aue eeeaeaee?iaai aic-
aeaaeyaoeeny ei Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii eoeueoo?-
iui naycyi n ca?oaaaeiuie no?aiaie i?e Niaaoa Ieieno-
?ia NNN?. Nai ?iiaiianeee aue ioi?aaeai iineii a Ii?-
aaaeth.
A nai Oaeaiei? Ianiio?y ia oi /oi ii aeiaieueii io-
e?uoi o?iiaee?iaae a Iieeoath?i, aai ioooaea ia oaeaeyee.
A e?oaao aiia?aoa OeE aiai?eee, /oi oae oioae nai A?aae-
iaa: Oaeaiei a Iieeoath?i neoaeee iaiiieiaieai ae?oaei
aai /eaiai, /oi, anee iie ia aoaeoo neooaoueny A?aaeiaaa
e aeanoue iineaaeiaai ineaaaao, Oaeaiei niiaeao aiiaue anea-
?aaeaoueny iaaa?o, e oiaaea oae ei anai ianaeia?iaaoue. Oae
eee eia/a. Oaeaiei aue auaiai ec Iieeoath?i aeaenoae-
oaeueii oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea A?aaeiaa caaieae e iaiaoeeanue
aiciiaeiinoue aai ooiaea io aeanoe. Naeaeaii yoi auei ii
anai i?aaeeai iiiaieeaoo?iiai eio?eaainoaa:
A 1975 aiaeo Oaeaiei aue iineai a Aiaeeth, aaea ninoiyeenue
iai?aaeaiiua i?ioea iaai aeaiiino?aoeee i?ioanoa, eioi?ua
eaaei auei i?aaeaeaeaoue (aeaei a oii, /oi eiaiii Oaeaiei a
ea/anoaa i?aaenaaeaoney EAA NNN? a?o/ae i?aeai E?aniiai
Ciaiaie Noaoeineiio ca oaeenoai a Ithioaia ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
oe?aeineeo iaoeeiiaeenoia Aaiaea?u). Aioeoaeaieineea
aeaiiino?aoeee a Aiaeee ia auee iauyaeaiu auoiaeeie
oaoenoaothueo yeaiaioia, eae yoi auaaao iau/ii a neo-
/aa aioeniaaoneeo aeaiiino?aoeee ca a?aieoeae, a auee en-
iieueciaaiu aeey auaiaea Oaeaieia ec Iieeoath?i.
A ai?aea 1975 aiaea ia Ieaioia OeE auei i?eiyoi ?aoaiea i niyoee
Oaeaieia n oi?ioee?iaeie, icia/athuae iieiue e ieii/aoaeueiue
aai e?ao: «Ii ee/iie i?inueaa». Aieueoaai e ooaeoaai oieaea-
iey aeey /anoiethaeaiai e ai?aeiai ia?oeeiiai ooieoeei-
ia?a iaeuecy auei i?eaeoiaoue.
A iiiaieeaoo?iuo e?oaao niayeenue, /oi iia?aoeey ii
?acaiio oaeaieioeaa auea aaeeinoaaiiie aei eiioea iinea-
aeiaaoaeueiie aeoeeae a?aaeiaaneiai ?oeiaiaenoaa. *oi ae,
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue auea ia neo/aeiie. A ai?ueaa ca
aeanoue – naiia aeey ieo aeaaiia – iiiaieeaoo?iua aeay-
oaee anaaaea i?iyaeytho iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue.
Aio oae i?ienoiaeeo ?aaeueiay ai?ueaa ca aeanoue a E?aiea.
Eae aeaeeoa, iia ia eiaao ie/aai iauaai n ia?eaiaioneea
ie neiaaniuie aeoyeyie. Yoi anaaaea neiaeiua iaiaa?u,
nii?iaiaeaeaaiua i?aaiecaoeeiiiuie ?aoaieyie, iacia-
/aieyie e ia?aiauaieyie, eioi?ua ana, iaeiaei, ia ?ooei-
iu e ia neo/aeiu, a iai?aaeaiu e aaeeiie i?iaeoiaiiie oeaee.
7. Ai?ueaa ca aeanoue ia aa?oeia
iieeoe/aneiai Ieeiia
Ia ?oaaaea 60-70-o aiaeia a aunoai yoaeiia niaao-
neiai ?oeiaiaenoaa ieii/aoaeueii noi?ie?iaaeinue aeaa ia-
i?aaeaiey-?aoi?iaoi?neia e eiina?aaoeaiia. ?aoi?ia-
oi?u auee noi?iiieeaie nenoaiioe?aieythueo ?aoi?i,
i?aaeaea anaai a yeiiiieea, aanueia eiaeeooa?aioii ioii-
nynue e i?iaeaiai noaiiaeaiey a?aaeaeaineiai iauanoaa e
i?aaiaiai ainoaea?noaa. Aieaa oiai, iiiaea ec ieo, iai?e-
ia?, A. I. Einuaei, TH. A. Aiae?iiia auee aanueia neaioe-
/anee iano?iaiu ii ioiioaieth e iieeoe/aneie e eaeaiei-
ae/aneie iiaea?iecaoeee, iieaaay aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiae-
ioth nenoaio naiiaeinoaoi/iie. Iiyoiio Aiae?iiia, noaa a
1967 a. aeaaie EAA, ia /o?aeny i?aeoeee ?ai?annee
i?ioea eiaeiiuneyueo, ia aac iniiaaiey iieaaay, /oi
neieueei-ieaoaeue na?ueaciue eaieoaeueiue ?aiiio nenoaiu
ia iiaeao ia aucaaoue aa iaaaea. Ii iniaoth aaeeoaeueiinoue
io?aieoaee i?iyaeyee ia «eaeaieiae/aneii o?iioa», noa-
?aynue no?iai i?anaeaoue ethaua i?iyaeaiey «e?aiieu»,
A /enoii aeaea, iaeiaei, ca ?aaeeei eneeth/aieai, a ?oei-
aiaenoaa ia ano?a/aeenue ie i?ia?annenou, ie ?ao?ia?aaeu.
Eae i?aaeei, ie?anea iaiyeanue a caaeneiinoe io iieeoe-
/aneie eiiuthieoo?u. Nai Eaiieae Eeuee/ A?aaeiaa noa?ae-
ny ia naycuaaoue naay n eaeei-eeai iaeiei oa/aieai, ii
iiaeaea?aeeaae oao eee ae?oaeo a caaeneiinoe io oiai, ia-
neieueei yoi oe?aieyei aai iiceoeee.
I?eiyoi n/eoaoue, /oi A?aaeiaa aue aanoaeaiiui
eeaea?ii. E oai ia iaiaa aaaeiaeoea ?u/aae ia?oeeiie e
ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe iiiaea aiaeu, iaoiaeeeenue a aai
?oeao. *ai iauynieoue yoio oaiiiai? E eaeoth iiceoeeth
caieiaei Iieeoath?i – i?aai iieeoe/aneiai ?oeiaiae-
noaa, /uey ?ieue e caaea/a a ia?oee ia oieueei inouanoaeyoue
oaeouoth iieeoeeo e eiio?ieue ca aa ?acaeoeai, au?aaaou-
aaoue eieeaeoeaiua ?aoaiey, ii e i?aaeioa?auaoue aeaoi?-
iaoeee, iooiae io eaieineeo i?eioeeiia aeaenoaee, ii?i,
?oeiaiaenoaa. ..
I?e oii, /oi A?aaeiaa aeaenoaeoaeueii ie a eiae
ia?a ia iaeaaeae ea/anoaaie auaeathuaainy aeayoaey, ii aue
oi?ioei auo/aieeii oie naiie nenoaiu, i eioi?ie iu
aiai?eee. E, iieuecoynue aa iaoiaeaie, noiae ia?aaanoe
Iieeoath?i ai aoi?ie yoaeii, eeoeoue aai i?aaa ?aoathuaai
aieina. A?iaea au aaciaeaeii – ia iaaei /eaiai Iieeoath?i e
nae?aoa?yi aunooiaoue ia Ieaioiao e nuacaeao, iioiio
/oi o ian iauay eeiey. A ii nooe, /eaiu Iieeoau?i ieacaeenue
aacaieinuie.
Aeaei a oii, /oi A?aaeiaa iie?aeny ia Nae?aoa?eao, a ia
ia Iieeoath?i. O?aaeeoeeiiii Nae?aoa?eao caieiaeny i?aa-
iecaoeeae e i?iaa?eie auiieiaiey ?aoaiee, ?annoaiiaeie
?oeiaiaeyueo eaae?ia. A oaia?ue ana i?aae?aoaeinue a?oiiie
nae?aoa?ae. Oai auee Noneia, Ee?eeaiei, Eoeaeia, Onoe-
iia… e ae?oaea. Nae?aoa?eao ?anniao?eaae i?iaeaiu aei
Iieeoath?i. E ia?aaeei auei oae; eiaaea /eaiu Iieeoath?i
i?eoiaeeee ia canaaeaiea i?eoiaeei ia canaaeaiea, a A?aaeiaa
ei aiai?ee: iu caeanue oaea iiniaaoiaaeenue e aeoiaai, /oi iaaei
oae-oi e oae-oi. E ooo aea aieina nae?aoa?ae: aea, eiaiii oae,
Eaiieae Eeuee/. *eaiai Iieeoath?i inoaaaeinue eeoue niaeaoaoueny.
Ai?iiia, auaoee /eai Iieeoath?i, aniiieiae :
“- Eae aea yoi iieo/eeinue? Eiaaea inaiaiaeeee O?ouaaa io
aeieaeiinoe, ia aeaeaee caiaiu. Anoae aii?in – eoi? Aoi-
?ui nae?aoa?ai aue A?aaeiaa. Aeinooiiue, aaeueyaeiue, n
ethaeueie oiae iiiauaoueny, ia ac?uaaeny ieeiaaea. E aeia?a-
oey. Anth aieio i?ioae, aei aieiu aue nae?aoa?ai iaeiia
ia?oee. Eacaeinue, iiaeoiaeyuee /aeiaae. Ii aeaaiia auyae-
einue iioii /oi ii aue i/aiue iaeiiiaoaioiui ?oeiaiaee-
oaeai. Iaaa?iia, /oanoaoy yoi, ?aaiiaae Einuaeia.
– Ia?aua o?e aiaea A?aaeiaa i?eneooeaaeny e iiaieth
/eaiia I?aceaeeoia. Iuoaeny aieeaoue a oicyenoaaiiua
aeaea. Oioy ii a ieo iaei ?acae?aeny. *a?ac o?e-/aou?a
aiaea ii noae n/eoaoue naay aiaeaeai. Aa?iui ia?enenoii-
eaieioeai. Auaeathueiny aeayoaeai iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai eii-
ioienoe/aneiai aeaeaeaiey. A no?aio caa?inee. E oaea iio-
ea ?ani?aaa n eaae?aie eioi?ua iiiiaee aio i?eeoe e
aeanoe. I?aeaia ethaee aacoiii. Ia yoie aai neaainoe auee
inaaaeiieaiu iiiaea ainoaea?noaaiiua aeayoaee ?aciuo
no?ai. Iiiieony, Iiaeai?iue aiai?eo aio: «Eaiieae Eeuee/,
iaeuecy aea oae. A ia?iaea oaea aiaeaeio oiaeeo, /oi ioaeii
aainaeo iia?aoeeth aeaeaoue ii ?anoe?aieth a?oaee. Iaa?aaeu
aaoaoue iaeoaea…»
A?aaeiaa aue noi?iieeii iiioeecia a iieeoeea.
Aaoi?eoao naaa ii oioae caaiaaaoue nei?ui e eaaeei niiniaii.
Aeey yoiai n?aco aian i?aaeeiaeaiea iiauneoue ca?ieaoo oeaeiio
?yaeo eaoaai?ee ?aaioieeia. Ca?ieaoo-oi iiaeiyee, ii aa ioaeii
auei aua e /ai-oi ioiaa?eoue. A oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey
e oneoa a ioaeiii iauaia ia aeaee eceeoee aeaiaa ioaeii auei
/ai-oi iie?uaaoue. Noaee oaaee/eaaoue i?iecaiaenoai aiaeee,
aeaoaaiai aeia. E yoi aue i/aiue iianiue iooue. Ia?iiiua
aeaiueae, eioi?ua iaeiieeenue a naa?aaaoaeueiuo eannao eee eiaeenue
ia ?oeao o ianaeaiey,- i?yiua iineaaenoaey oie iaiaaeoiaiiie
iieeoeee. Iueyinoai, aeeiaieeci,oae ao?ii ?anoeaaoaaoea a aiaeu canoiy,-
oiaea aa ?acoeueoao.
E.E. A?aaeiaa i?iaiaeee aieueooth /anoue naieo ?aoaiee
/a?ac Nae?aoa?eao OeE EINN e no?aieeny iie?aoueny ia
aiia?aoiua no?oeoo?u. Ia?aiia/aeueii, ?aniieaaay ia
neeoeii oae aieueoie eaae?iaie aacie, Eaiieae Eeuee/ noae
aica?auaoue ia «aunieoth i?aeoo» iieeoe/aneeo aea?oa
O?ouaaa, oeia O. Ae. Eoeaeiaa, I. N. Nieiiaioeaaa,
A. Eaieoiiiaa, A. N. Iaaeiaa. Ii oiaaea aea noaea oi?-
ie?iaaoueny nianoaaiiay eaae?iaay «iaieia» A?aaeiaaa.
N iiaea/e E. O. *a?iaiei, n iinoa aee?aeoi?a AIO Iieaea-
aee ia aeieaeiinoue caaaaeothuaai ioaeaeii iaoee e o/aaiuo
caaaaeaiee OeE EINN aue ii?aaeaeai N. I. O?aiacieeia.
Ieieno?ii aioo?aiieo aeae NNN?, ianiio?y ia i?ioeai-
aeaenoaea ?yaea /eaiia Iieeoath?i, aue iinoaaeai – oae-
aea aeiaa?aiiia eeoei E. E. A?aaeiaaa – I. A. Uaeieia.
Ia?aui caii?aaeii EAA noae ?aaioaaoee ?aiaa a Iieaea-
aee N. E. Oeaeaoi.
Oae aicieeea o?aaeeoeey eeaiiaiai ?oeiaiaenoaa ia?oeae
e ainoaea?noaii. Eeaia aoaeao aeaa-ia?yaeo n iieaeaaneie
aaoaueth aoaeao e?aiiooue aeiai?iiao?ianeay, eioi?ay noaiao
?anoe ca n/ao ia?oeeiuo ooieoeeiia?ia, aee?aeoi?ia i?aae-
i?eyoee eee i?inoi ciaeiiuo, eoi a ?aciua aiaeu eee
o/eeny n A?aaeiaaui, eee ?aaioae, eee iiiiaae aio a i?i-
aeaeaeaiee. Iicaeiaa yoe aaoae ?ac?anooony, ?aneeioony aea-
eaei ca i?aaeaeu Iieaeaaee e Aeiai?iiao?ianeie iaeanoe
e aaa?oo a naay anao oao, eoi ano?aoeeny Eaiieaeo Eeuee/o
A?aaeiaao ia aeeeiiie e ecaeeenoie aei?iaa aai iieeoe/a-
neie ea?uea?u, eoi ia?aoee ia naay aai aieiaiea eee oai-
aeee aio.
I?e yoii ai?ueaa ca aaniethoioth aeanoue iaaa?oo i?iaeieaeaeanue.
A ia/aea 1971 a. iae A. I. Iaeaaaiaaeca, ia?oeeiue
?oeiaiaeeoaeue A?ocee; ii aue iaaeiai a ei??oioeee.Yoi aue
ia?aue oaea? aainaea ii aunoae ia?oeeiie eieeaaee. Ca i?aaeuaeouea
aiaeu i?aaeaiey A?aaeiaaa ii aai eieoeeaoeaa ia auei i?iecaaaeaii
ie iaeiiai niyoey n?aaee /eaiia Iieeoath?i – aai iiaoae-
aeaee n/eoaoueny n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth eieeaeoeaiinoe ?oei-
aiaenoaa. Ca i?ioaaeoea naiue eao Iieeoath?i iieeioee
oieueei o?ia: O. ?. Eiceia – ii aieacie, A. E. Ieeiyi e
I.I. Oaa?iee-ii noa?inoe. Ii caoai, ia Ieaioia OeE
a ai?aea 1973 aiaea, ec Iieeoath?i n?aco auee auaaaeaiu
I.A. Oaeano, A. E. Ai?iiia. Eo ianoi caiyee o?ia, e
ana – niiaeaeaeieee A?aaeiaaa: TH. A. Aiae?iiia, i?aaenaaea-
oaeue EAA, A. A. A?iiuei, ieieno? eiino?aiiuo aeae, e
A.A. A?a/ea, ieieno? iai?iiu.
Ianoiyoaeuenoaa niauaiey Oaeanoa e Ai?iiiaa iaoi-
aeeeenue a oaniie nayce n i?ioeaiai?noaii aainaea e i?aiue-
a?a. A?aaeiaa aeieai e neiaeii iaiaa?e?iaae, i?aaeaea /ai
?aoeeny iaianoe oaea? ii Iieeoath?i. Aia/aea, ia aoaeo/e
a ninoiyiee aai iiaei?aaoue ecaia, ii ?aoee aai ?anoaoaoue
ecioo?e – ii noiae oaaee/eoue /enei aai /eaiia n 11 aei 15
E n?aco iieo/ee a iai aieueoeinoai. Neaaeothuee oaa
aue aii?inii ia?oeeiie oaoieee. I?iyaea aeaaineeii-
iinoue e Oaeaieio, ii noieeioe aai n Oaeanoii, a iioai?-
noaoy niia?ie/anoao iaaeaeo Einuaeiui e Iiaeai?iui,
eciee?iaae Ai?iiiaa. Oaeano aue iaaeiai a iaoeeiia-
eecia e ia?aaaaeai n Oe?aeiu, aaea aue ia?aui nae?aoa-
?ai OeE Eiiia?oee, a Iineao. Noaa iaeiei ec iiiaeo
caianoeoaeae I?aaenaaeaoaey Niaaoa Ieieno?ia e eeoaiiue
iii?u a Eeaaa, ii anei?a aue aunoaaeai ec Iieeo-
ath?i.
A.E. Ai?iiia aea i?iea?ae oiaaea, eiaaea aianoa n Ei-
nuaeiui noae niiiaaaoueny a naeueneioicyenoaaiiie i?i-
a?aiia A?aaeiaaa. Iiia/aeo ii aue auna/ai ioaee/ii:
aai ia oaeinoiai i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiie iaa?aaeu ii neo/ath
oanoeaeanyoeeaoey, oioy, eae /eaio Iieeoath?i, aio iiea-
aaeanue Caacaea Aa?iy, a caoai a I?ioieiea Iieeoath?i (ii
ianoo noiyiey ia i?eaiao e a ?aniieiaeaiee ii?o?aoia
ia oi?aeanoaao) oiae n iyoiai-oanoiai ianoa ia /aou?-
iaaeoeaoia.
Aiciiaeii, A?aaeiaa iia au ecaaaeoueny io Ai?iiiaa
e ?aiueoa, oaea a 70-i aiaeo. E oiio a?aiaie ?aniaeenue nay-
ce, ia?aiia/aeueii aicieeoea a Iieeoath?i. Einuaei, oa-
?yy aeeyiea, oa?ye e nithcieeia (nia?aa io iaai ioioae
Noneia, a caoai inoaaee e Iaco?ia). Iiaeai?iue aea, nie-
?eaoenue n ooiaeii ec ia?oaiia?aoa, i?eaeeeny a I?aceaee-
oia Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa e aieueoa ia eneae noieeiiaaiee
n aainaeii. Ii oiaaea ii ia ecaiae Ai?iiiaa ec Iieeoath-
?i, ia aeaeay iioaoiooue cuaeia ?aaiiaanea nee i?e ia-
noaeaeaiee iieeoeee ?ac?yaeee, i?ioea eioi?ie ?aaoey?ii
aunooiae Oaeano.
Iaaeaiea Ai?iiiaa e Oaeanoa i?iecioei ia oiia aic-
auoaiey A. A. ?iiaiiaa – aua iaeei eiaeee oiae A?aae-
iaaa: aia?aua ca aeanyoue eao-iinea ooiaea Eiceiaa-
ia?aue nae?aoa?ue Eaieia?aaeneiai iaeiia ia?oee noae iie-
iui /eaiii Iieeoath?i.
E /ai aieueoa oneeeaae naie iiceoeee A?aaeiaa, oai
aieueoa iaaeaee i?anoeae e aeeyiea Einuaeia. N eiioea
70-ai e aei na?aaeeiu 71-ai aiaea ii aaeaa ee ia iieiinoueth
iono?aieeny io aeae a Niaaoa Ieieno?ia (oai anaie aea-
eaie oi?aaeye Iaco?ie), i?iaiaey /anoue a?aiaie a aieue-
ieoea, a /anoue – ia aea/a. Einuaei aue aeaaiui i?aiiiii
aeey onoaiiaeaiey aaeeiiaeanoey A?aaeiaaa, ii ia aaeeino-
aaiiui. Inoaaaeny aua Iieyineee, caoaeaoee iaeaeo ia
Eaiieaea Eeuee/a ca oi, /oi oio, iiiaauaa, ia naeaeae aai
i?aiuea?ii. Ia iaai A?aaeiaa auno?i iaoae oei?io –
iaaeiee a ?acaaea naeueneiai oicyenoaa e ia XXV ia?oee-
iii nuacaea (1976 a.) auaeai?ee ec Iieeoath?i.
Iaeiiaoe, A?aaeiaa niia aac eeoiae noaou i?enoo-
ieoue e nicaeaieth nianoaaiiiai aaee/ey. Oaiaeieeia, aioi-
auo i?aeeiiyoueny e i?eneoaeeaaoue aio, auei aieaa /ai
aeinoaoi/ii, ii aeey nicaeaiey eoeueoa aio iaiaoiaeei aue
ae?aoe – ii ieacaeny iiae ?oeie: *a?iaiei.
Oae?o/athuaa iieiaeaiea, a eioi?ii ieacaeanue no?aia,
aiieia annioeee?iaaeinue n iaeeeii ae?yoeaaoaai ?oeiai-
aeeoaey Eiiioienoe/aneie ia?oee e Niaaoneiai ainoaea?-
noaa. E. E. A?aaeiaa aue ooiieai, ?acae?aaeai aieaciyie
e iaioaai iaiaeeaeaiii iaaeaeioaoaeny noa?inoueth e ia-
iiuueth. Ana yoi iaoiaeeeinue a e?e/auai i?ioeai?a/ee n
iaeiiaa?iui neaaineiaeai a aae?an aainaea. Auoei oanoue
oiiia nai?ieeia aai aunooieaiee e noaoae, aio i?enoaeeee
Eaieineoth i?aieth ca oe?aieaiea ie?a, ecaeaee ieanoeiee
n aai ?a/aie, iaia/aoaee ia?ee, caia/aoeaaoea aai aeceo
ia Eoao, ouny/e aai oioia?aoee caiieieee eaaeiaou,
oeeoeu e i?eeaaee eieaeiuo iaaaceiia. Aiiaue auei aaa-
aeaii a iai?io aeene?aaeeoe?iaaiiia Noaeeiui ii?aaea-
eaiea – aiaeaeue. «Ou iao aiaeaeue» – iooa?aaaiee A. E. Ee-
?eeaiei i?e a?o/aiee aio Eaiieaeii Eeuee/ai caacaeu
Aa?iy. Caoai «aiaeaeue» i?icao/aei a onoao Ae. A. Eoiaaaa,
A. Aeeaaa, Y. A. Oaaa?aeiaaeca, A. A. Ua?aeoeeiai. Ia-
/aeinue no?aieoaeueiia aicauoaiea E. O. *a?iaiei. A ia?-
oa 1976 a. aia anyeie nayce n thaeeaai aio, caaaaeothuaio
iauei ioaeaeii OeE, n iiiiie a?o/eee caacaeo Aa?iy Nioe-
o?oaea. Ecoieaiiua iauaaoaee ia eaeoeeyo ni?aoeaaee:
«Ca eaeea caneoae iaa?aaeeee oiaa?eua *a?iaiei?» Nau-
oa ?aeiiaiaeiaaeinue ioaa/aoue: «Ca i?aaiecaoeeth XXV nuac-
aea EINN». *a?ac ianeieueei aeiae iinea iaa?aaeaeaiey
O. *a?iaiei noae, iaeiiaoe, nae?aoa?ai OeE EINN.
E oiio a?aiaie iiceoeee niia?ieeia E. E. A?aaeiaaa
a aunoai yoaeiia cia/eoaeueii ineaaee. A oiaea iiaeaioia-
ee e i?eiyoeth Eiinoeoooeee a iaa 1977 a. ec ninoaaa
Iieeoath?i aue ono?aiai I. A. Iiaeai?iue, e A?aaeiaa ca-
eiae iiaue iuoiue oeooe – I?aaenaaeaoaeue I?aceaeeoia
Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN?. Ii ia?anoae ioaeaeaoueny a iiae-
aea?aeea Noneiaa, eai noae oicyeiii iieiaeaiey ianoieue-
ei, /oi iia aac iniaiai o?oaea, iie?aynue ia naith eiiaiaeo,
ono?aieoue ethaiai eiieo?aioa. A aeaeaa?a 1978 a. ec Ii-
eeoath?i aue aunoaaeai E. O. Iaco?ia (i iai caaeaaia?a-
iaiii auea iouaia iieaa; aieai nia?oaeueiie aieaciueth,
ii ii i?iaethaeee aua aethaeeio eao) – iineaaeiee nithciee
I. Einuaeia. *a?iaiei ec eaiaeeaeaoia aue ia?aaaaeai a
/eaiu Iieeoath?i, a eaiaeeaeaoii noae I. A. Oeoiiia.
A Nae?aoa?eaoa OeE aianoi O. Ae. Eoeaeiaa (a 1960-aa. aue ia?aui
nae?aoa?ai ia Noaa?iiieuea) iainiiaaeny niaa?oaiii iaecaanoiue a
noieeoea noaa?iiieaoe N. Ai?aa/aa. Aanueia neiaiee/ii oi, /oi a yoe
aiaeu
ianooiee ia oieueei iee aeanoe iaiiuiiai A?aaeiaaa, ii
e iee yaiethoeee nenoaiu.
A yoi aea a?aiy a aunoai yoaeiia niaaoneiai ?o-
eiaiaenoaa ia/eiaao neeaaeuaaoueny iiaia niioiioaiea nee.
Iineieueeo eeaea? /anoi auaae aieai, oi ?aaeueiay aeanoue
a oeaio?aeueiii ia?oeeiii aiia?aoa ana aieueoa ia?aoiaeeea
e E. O. *a?iaiei, oioy Noneia e i?iaeieaeae caeanue n iei
eiieo?e?iaaoue. ?acei au?inei aeeyiea /eaia Iieeoath?i,
?oeiaiaeeoaey EAA TH. A. Aiae?iiiaa. E yoie o?ieea i?e-
iueaee Ae. O. Onoeiia – ieieno? iai?iiu e A. A. A?iiu-
ei – ieieno? eiino?aiiuo aeae. Eiaiii a eo ?oeao nin-
?aaeioi/eeanue any iieiioa aeanoe.
Eiaiii a yoi a?aiy i?iecioei ieii/aoaeueiia naeeaeaiea
A. Aiae?iiiaa n ecaaaaaoei ino?uo oaeia e eiioeee-
oia I. N. Ai?aa/aaui.
Eaoii 1982 a. ia iieeoe/aneii Ieeiia noaee i?iniao-
?eaaoueny iaeioi?ua iiaeaeaeee. I?aaenaaeaoaeue EAA
A. Aiae?iiia aue eca?ai ia iino nae?aoa?y OeE EINN
aianoi ooaaeoaai ec aeecie I. A. Noneiaa. Oneeaiii ion-
ne?iaaeenue neooe i iaaeaaiiieo/ee a a?aaeiaaneii ie?o-
aeaiee. Iiaiaa?eaaee, /oi, ia auoa?iaa iaae?oaaoaeuenoaa
iaae /anoueth e caeiiii ni noi?iiu a?aaeiaaneeo ?iaenoaai-
ieeia, iieii/ee aeeciue naiioaeenoaii N. I. Oeaeaoi (ia-
noiyoaeuenoaa aeaaee aai aei neo ii? ia auyniaiu, e, aiieia
aiciiaeii, ii noae aea?oaie ai?ueau ca aeanoue iaaeaeo ?ac-
ee/iuie a?oiie?iaeaie).
A aunoai yoaeiia iieeoe/aneiai ?oeiaiaenoaa no?aiu
neeaaeuaaeinue iiaia niioiioaiea nee. I?iaiui eaiiai
noaea ai?ueaa ca iono?aiaiea io aeanoe a?aaeiaaneiai eth-
aeioea, ananeeueiiai e?aniiaea?neiai «aeayoaey» N. O. Ia-
aeoiiaa – ia?aiai nae?aoa?y e?aeeiia EINN. Iinea o?oae-
iiai ?acaiai?a n Eaiieaeii Eeuee/ai, eae naeaeaoaeuenoaotho
onoiua i?aaeaiey, Aiae?iiiao e Ai?aa/aao oaeaeinue ia?a-
ianoeoue Iaaeoiiaa a e?anei cai. ieieno?a aoi?inoaiai-
iiai aaaeiinoaa – Ieiieiaeiiaiuoic NNN? (ii oai a?a-
iaiai aanueia no?iaia iaeacaiea). A E?aniiaea?neee e?ae
n iiaea/e Aiae?iiiaa aue iai?aaeai A. E. Ai?ioieeia, ei-
oi?ue aue niaoii ioicaai n iinoa iinea a ?anioaeeea
Eoaa. Iiaue ia?aue nae?aoa?ue e?aeeiia iiiae a naioth
aouo niauoee: ia Eoaaie ?acaa?ouaaeenue ni/eineia, aa-
eaiaeaeeeneia e ae?oaea aeaea. A aaeeiii iaoeiciii eeoaea
auee caeanue iiaycaiu ia?oeeiua, niaaoneea e oicyeno-
aaiiua ?oeiaiaeeoaee. I?e/ai ei??oioeeae aue «ioaa/ai»
ia oieueei aa?oiee, ii e n?aaeiee yoaeii aaeieieno?aoeee.
Iiaue ia?aue nae?aoa?ue e?aeeiia EINN, iie?aynue ia
iiaeaea?aeeo naieo iao?iiia ec OeE, iiaae ianooieaiea ia
ei??oiiaioia. Oieueei ca 1984-1986 aa. a e?aa auee en-
eeth/aiu ec EINN aieaa iyoe ouny/ /aeiaae, i?e/ai iie-
oi?u ouny/e ec ieo auee i?aaeaiu noaeo.
8. Iiiaieeaoo?iue aaeoeo
Ii/aio aea caaua i niaanoe, /anoiinoe, ii?yaei/iinoe
ea?aaeaeenue ii eanoieoea aeanoe yoe aeaeaei ia naiua aeoiua e
aanoaeaiiua ethaee.
Ea?/ee ioe?uaaeny i?inoi. Iiieii ioeoeeaeueiuo, ”eaaaeueiuo”
i?eaeeaaee (ca?ieaou, a ianeieueei ?ac i?aauoathuae ca?ieaoo
n?aaeianoaoe/aneiai o?oaeaieea, iaoeiu, aea/e, naiaoi?eaa, iiacaeie
ca?oaaae) i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue e iiiaieeaoo?a, iniaaiii a? aa?oiae /anoe,
aeaaaea ?yae i?eaeeaaee, ia oeacaiiuo a ioeoeeaeueiuo ?aano?ao.
Eacaeinue au, iiiaieeaoo?uee iieo/aao aieaa /ai
aeinoaoi/ii. Ii aio e yoiai iaei. Iiieii ioeoeeaeueii
auiea/eaaaiuo eeannii iiiaieeaoo?u aeeaeaeaiaeia n iieo-
/aiiie i?eaaai/iie noieiinoe, iiiaieeaoo?uee ii?iaeo
o?aaoue naaa aua aeiiieieoaeueiua i?ioeaiou n eaieoaea
naiae aeanoe. Yoe i?ioeaiou aceiathony a oi?ia acyoie.
Acyoi/ie/anoai – ia iiiiiieey eaeie-eeai iaeiie
no?aiu eee nioeeaeueiie nenoaiu. Ii anoue o acyoi/ie/anoaa
ii?aaeaeaiiay ieoaoaeueiay n?aaea: ainiiaenoai ath?ie?aoee.
*ai aieueoa aaneiio?ieueiay aeanoue ath?ie?aoee, oai aieue-
oa aiciiaeiinoe o ath?ie?aoe/aneeo oaioa o?aaiaaoue
acyoee. Iaaea?ii eiaiii a n?aaeiaaaeiauo ainoi/iuo
aeaniioeyo n eo ?acaaoaeaiiui /eiiaie/ueei aiia?aoii
e iieiui ionoonoaeai naiaiaeiie eioi?iaoeee aaeoeo
iinoaiaiii i?iieoae ana ii?u iauanoaa. Aianoa ni iii-
aeie ae?oaeie yoa o?aaeeoeey ainoi/iuo aeaniioee auea
ia?aianaia ia iiei?aiioth oaoa?aie ?onue e i?i/ii oai
oei?aieeanue. Aaaeii iiiyoue: i?eoiae e aeanoe eeanna
iiiaieeaoo?u ia ineaaee, a iaiai?io – oneeee o?aaeeoeeth
aaeoeoa, eai eiaiii i?e ?aaeueiii nioeeaeecia ainiiaeno-
ai e aaneiio?ieueiinoue iieeoe/aneie ath?ie?aoee aeinoe-
aatho naiaai aiiaay.
A?aoue acyoee iiiaieeaoo?ueeai, eiia/ii, ioeoeeaeueii
ii ?ac?aoaaony, ca acyoee aeaaea iaeacuaatho. Ii iaeacu-
aatho ?aaeei e iyaei, a acyoee aa?oo iiiaieeaoo?ueee
/anoi e iiiiiao. A eeanna iiiaieeaoo?u nouanoaoao
iaaeaniay oa?ieiinoue a ioiioaiee acyoie. Iia iniaaiii
i/aaeaeia a oao ?anioaeeeao Niaaoneiai Nithca, aaea enoi?e-
/anee o?aaeeoeey aaeoeoa oei?aieeanue iaeaieaa i?i/ii:
a Caeaaeacuea e a N?aaeiae Acee.
Aio iaeioi?ua aeaiiua ii Aca?aaeaeaeaio. Aeaiiua
aeinoiaa?iu: iie acyou ec cae?uouo iaoa?eaeia OeE EI
Aca?aaeaeaeaia. Eo iioaeeeiaae auaoaaoee a Ec?aeeue
Eeuey A?eai?ueaae/ Caioeaa, ?aaioaaoee a naeoi?a eioi?-
iaoeee i?e aca?aaeaeaeaineii OeE. I?eaaaeai ?yae oeeo?,
iieacuaathueo iieiaeaiea a Aca?aaeaeaeaia, oi anoue ia nai-
naoeeiiiua aa?oeiu iiiaieeaoo?iiai aaeoeoa, a aai
ioiineoaeueii ?yaeiaua ?acia?u.
Ii/ai i?iaeaaaeny a Aca?aaeaeaeaia (ii oeaiai 1969 aiaea)
iino ?aeiiiiai i?ieo?i?a? Ii noiee 30 000 ?oaeae. Ca yoo
ioiineoaeueii noiaeioth oeaio /eai ia?oee iia i?e iaee/ee
aaeainee i?eia?anoe oaeie iino o nae?aoa?ae ?aeeiia
ia?oee e noaoue aethnoeoaeai nioeeaeenoe/aneie caeiiiinoe.
Caiaoii aei?iaea auea aeieaeiinoue ae?oaiai aethnoeoaey –
ia/aeueieea ?aeiiiiai ioaeaeaiey ieeeoeee. Caeanue oeaia
auea 50 000 ?oaeae.
Ca oaeoth aea oeaio iiaeii auei noaoue i?aaenaaeaoaeai
eieoica: iino, i?aaaea, oai?aoe/anee auai?iue, ii eie-
oicieee, eae e aan niaaoneea a?aaeaeaia, aieinotho ca
eiai i?eeacaii, oae /oi yoa aeieaeiinoue – a iiiaieeaoo?a
?aeeiia ia?oee.
Iiaeiaiay aea iiiaieeaoo?iay aeieaeiinoue aee?aeoi?a niaoica
eioe?iaaeanue auoa – a 80 000 ?oaeae: iia auaiaeiaa e ioe?uaaao
aieueoea aiciiaeiinoe i?iaeaeaeaiey a iiiaieeaoo?a.
Eiia/ii ioaee/iuo oi?aia ia i?iaiaeeeinue.Ca oeacaiioth
noiio nae?aoa?e ?aeeiia ia?oee ioi?ieyee ia iieoia-
oaey iiiaieeaoo?iia aeaei e ooaa?aeaeaee ia i?eia?aoaaioth
aeieaeiinoue ?aoaieai ath?i ?aeeiia. Iieo/aiiua nae?a-
oa?yie aeaiueae noaiiaeeenue i?eyoiui aeiiieiaieai e eo
ca?ieaoa e iiiaieeaoo?iui iaeeai.
Ii caoi, /oiau noaoue nae?aoa?yie ?aeeiia, ei oiaea ia-
aei auei a naia a?aiy ?aneioaeeoueny – e ai?acaei uaae?aa,
/ai ?aei?ieo?i?o. Aeieaeiinoue ia?aiai nae?aoa?y ?aeeiia
EI Aca?aaeaeaeaia noieea a 1969 aiaeo 200 000 ?oaeae,
aeieaeiinoue aoi?iai nae?aoa?y – 100 000. Yoe aeaiueae oiea-
/eaaeenue nae?aoa?yi OeE, oae eae aeieaeiinoe – a iiiai-
eeaoo?a OeE EI Aca?aaeaeaeaia.
Iinou nae?aoa?ae ?aeeiia auaiaeiua: aeanoue aieueoay,
eae aeaeei, anoue aiciiaeiinoue iieo/aoue oi?ioee aaeoeo;
iiyoiio iie oae auniei oeaiyony. A oie aea iiiaieeaoo?a
OeE EI Aca?aaeaeaeaia auee aeieaeiinoe e iiaeaoaaea:
aee?aeoi? oaao?a – ii oeaia io 10 000 aei 30 000, aee?aeoi?
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneiai einoeoooa – 40 000, caaiea
aeaenoaeoaeueiiai /eaia Aeaaeaiee iaoe Aca?aaeaeaeaineie
NN? – 50 000 ?oaeae.
A aio ianoi ?aeoi?a aoca ieacaeinue iaiiiai aei?iaea,
iaaeaee caaiea aca?aaeaeaeaineiai «aannia?oiiai» : aei
200 000 ?oaeae, a caaeneiinoe io aoca. Yoi ii?aaeaeyaony
oai, /oi a caaeneiinoe io aoca aea ?aeoi? aceiae ieaoo
ca iaeaaaeueiia ca/eneaiea a nooaeaiou: a Einoeoooa
eiino?aiiuo ycueia – 10 000 ?oaeae, a Aaeeineii
oieaa?neoaoa – 20 000 – 25 000, a iaaeeinoeoooa –
30 000, a Einoeoooa ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa – aei 35 000 ?oa-
eae. Eae aeaeeoa, ianoi ?aeoi?a aeaenoaeoaeueii noieo
?oaeae.
?aaeenoe/anee iainiiaaiiue i?aeneo?aio aue onoaiia-
eai ia oieueei aeey aeieaeiinoae ?aeiiiuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae,
a oaeaea aeayoaeae aca?aaeaeaeaineie iaoee e eoeueoo?u,
ii e aeey naieo /eaiia i?aaeoaeuenoaa Aca?aaeaeaeaineie NN?.
Iino ieieno?a nioeeaeueiiai iaania/aiey ioeaieaaeny
a 120 000 ?oaeae, oi anoue aeaoaai: aeiiieieoaeueii iaaeeoueny
ca n/ao e aac oiai ieca?iuo iainee e iiniaee aeey ianaea-
iey a?yae ee i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui. Ii/oe noieue aea
iaeiiaauathuee iino ieieno?a eiiioiaeueiiai oicyenoaa
Aca?aaeaeaeaia ioioneaeny iieoiaoaeth ca 150 000 ?oaeae.
A aio ianoi ieieno?a oi?aiaee, oi?iaeueii ?aaiia ethaiio
ae?oaiio ieienoa?neiio iinoo, noieei 250 000 – /aoaa?oue
ieeeeiia ?oaeae. A oneiaeyo o?iie/aneie iaoaaoee
oiaa?ia yoi ianoi iaauaao ia?iiiua i?eauee.
Yoe oeeo?u acyou ec cae?uoiai aeieeaaea oiaaeaoiaai ia?aiai
nae?aoa?y OeE EI Aca?aaeaeaeaia A. Aeeaaa ia ieaioia
OeE EI Aca?aaeaeaeaia 20 ia?oa 1970 aiaea.
Eae e anaaaea a iiiaieeaoo?iuo eio?eaao, ?aciaea/aiey
yoe auee naycaiu ni niauaieai i?aaeiaai ia?aiai nae?a-
oa?y – Aooiaeiaa.
Aca?aaeaeaeai – ia eneeth/aiea e aeaaea ia neeueiaa anaai
ii?aaeaiiay acyoi/ie/anoaii ?anioaeeea NNN?. *a?ac
o?e aiaea iinea niauaiey Aooiaeiaa auea ?ane?uoa a?o-
ceineay iaiaia. Iia cao?aaeaaea oaea naiue aunoee
e?oa iiiaieeaoo?u – Iieeoath?i OeE EINN.
Ia iaaei aeoiaoue, /oi oaeiau oieueei caeaaeacneea ?anioa-
eeee. Eo ia?aaiaea a yoii ioiioaiee Niaaoneay N?aaeiyy
Acey. Aicueiai aeey i?eia?a naioth ?acaeooth ec n?aaeia-
aceaoneeo ?anioaeee – Ocaaeneoth.
*eai OeE EINN, I?aaenaaeaoaeue Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa Ocaaeneie
NN? Ian?eaeeiiaa, “ioae?ay iaoue ia?iaea” a?aea ii
100 000 ?oaeae ca iiieeiaaiea.
9. Iiiuoea ai?ueau n ei?oioeeae ?..
*oi neo/eeinue n Ian?eaeaeeiiaie? Ioaeaee iiae noae?
Iao, iia iiaeiyeanue aua auoa ii iiiaieeaoo?iie eano-
ieoea: noaea I?aaenaaeaoaeai Niaaoa Iaoeeiiaeueiinoae,
aoi?ie iaeaou Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN?. Iicaea iia
noaea caiieieno?a i?iiuoeaiiinoe no?ieoaeueiuo iaoa-
?eaeia NNN?.
Iiiaieeaoo?a ia iaeacuaaao naieo /eaiia ca acy-
oi/ie/anoai e i?i/ea i?anooieaiey eae oaeiaua. Anee
eoi-ieaoaeue ec iiiaieeaoo?ueeia iieo/aao iaeacaiea,
ana iiieiatho, /oi i?inoi ii i?iea?ae a eaeie-oi eio?eaa
e i?ioea iaai eniieuecoaony iaaeiaiea a i?anooieaiee.
Ai?i/ai, aeaaea oaieiaiia iaeacaiea iiiaieeaoo?ueea,
anee aei yoiai aeioiaeeo, iau/ii auaaao aanueia eaaeei e
anee aai i?eaiaa?eaatho e eeoaieth naiaiaeu, oi ioi?aa-
eytho a nicaeaiioth niaoeeaeueii aeey oaeie oeaee i?eae-
eaae?iaaiioth «eieiieth aeey ioaaonoaaiiuo ?aaioieeia».
Aeaaea ioauaay iaeacaiea ca i?anooieaiea,iiiaieeaoo?uee ia
aeieaeai niaoeaaoueny n iau/iuie niaaoneeie a?aaeaeaiaie.
Eaneiai nianay io iaeacaiey acyoi/ieeia ec naiae
n?aaeu, iiiaieeaoo?a ceiaii iaeacuaaao oao, eoi iniaee-
aaaony eo ?aciaea/aoue. Oae, ii oeacaieth Iineianeiai
ai?eiia EINN i?aaiaie EAA auei nii?oaeaii aeaei i
«ceioiio?aaeaiee neoaeaaiui iieiaeaieai» ia ia/aeue-
ieea iineianeiai IAONN (ioaeaea ii ai?ueaa n oeuaiey-
ie nioeeaeenoe/aneie nianoaaiiinoe) A?eoeia, aeiaeaoa-
ainy ioaea/e iiae noae e?oiiiai acyoi/ieea Aaeooea –
ia?aiai nae?aoa?y Eoeauoaaneiai ?E EINN ai?iaea
Iineau e /eaia ath?i ai?eiia ia?oee. A?eoei aue
a?anoiaai e inoaeaeai. E. I. Neien, auaoee aeieaea aiaeu
aaeaieaoii a Niaaoneii Nithca, iienuaaao neo/ae ec
aaeaieaoneii i?aeoeee, eiaaea o?aeoi?eno – /eai ia?oee, aunooieaoee n
?aciaea/aieai eeoieinoaa aee?aeoi?a aea?aaiia?a?aaaouaathuaai caaiaea,
aue ii oeacaieth ia?aiai nae?aoa?y ?aeeiia EINN ia oieueei auaiai ec
ia?oee e n ?aaiou, ii ioaeai iiae noae «ca eeaaaoo». Ai
a?aiy noaea iaa?aaoeany niaeinoe ?aai/ea caaiaea iiae-
oaa?aeeee neiaa o?aeoi?enoa – ii ii ana-oaee aue inoaeaeai,
e ieeaeea cayaeaiey a OeE EINN e I?ieo?aoo?o NNN?
aio ia iiiiaee “.
A Niaaoneii Nithca ieeoi yoiio ia oaeeaeyaony: oaee-
aeeenue au, .anee au auei eia/a. Aaaeue aeaaea ia naiie
aa?oooea eeanna iiiaieeaoo?u, aaea i?eaeeaaee oae-
oe/anee aaca?aie/iu, ia iaoiaeeeinue aac acyoi/ie/anoaa e
eaciie?aaenoaa. Auaoay aeieaia a?aiy /eaiii I?aceaeeoia
e nae?aoa?ai OeE EINN Aeaoa?eia Oo?oeaaa, niouaiiay
caoai ia iino ieieno?a eoeueoo?u NNN?, auno?ieea a
ia/aea naieaeanyouo aiaeia iiae Iineaie ia aeaiueae ieie-
noa?noaa ?ineioioth aea/o. *eai OeE EINN, aee?aeoi? Einoeoooa ie?iaie
yeiiiieee e iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ioiioaiee (EIYII)
AI NNN? aeaaeaiee I.I. Eiicaioeaa iineaaeiaae aa i?eia?o.
A /aai noaniyoueny? Aaaeue aeaaea a o?ounaneia a?aiy /eai I?aceaeeoia
e nae?aoa?ue OeE EINN O?ie Eiceia, n/eoaaoeeny aoi?ui ee-
oeii a ?oeiaiaenoaa iinea O?ouaaa, eae auynieeinue, a?ae
acyoee ca iacia/aiea ia ?oeiaiaeyuea iinou, i?ae?auaiea
noaeaaiuo aeae e i?i/ea oneoae. A?ae ii aeaiueaaie e ae?aai-
oeaiiuie eaiiyie /a?ac iin?aaenoai naiaai i?eaeeaeaiiiai
Nie?iiaa, i?aaenaaeaoaey eniieeiia Eaieia?aaeneiai
ai?niaaoa.
Ii yoi a «canoieiua» a?aiaia. A eae ianoieo aeaee
ai a?aiaia ia?ano?ieee e aeaniinoe? «Ocaaeneia aeaei»
ioaaoeei ia yoio aii?in.
Iiea neaaeiaaoaee Aaeeyi e Eaaiia ?aciaea/aee acy-
oi/ie/anoai ocaaeneeo iiiaieeaoo?ueeia, a Iineaa
ace?aee ia yoi niieieii: aaaeue i?ienoiaeeei ?aciaea/aiea
iacia/aioeaa ?aoeaeiaa, aeayoaey a?aaeiaaneie ii?u. Ii
aio, aiciiiea, /oi ei ana iiaeii, ?aoeaua neaaeiaaoaee
ia?anooieee a?aieoeo aeicaieaiiiai: iiyaeeenue a eo ia-
oa?eaeao eiaia /eaiia ai?aa/aaneiai Iieeoath?i e
nae?aoa?ae OeE EINN.
E n?aco ana eciaieeinue. I?ieo?aoo?a NNN? caiyeanue
ia acyoi/ieeaie, a neaaeiaaoaeyie. Eo iaaeieee a ia-
aeicaieaiiuo iaoiaeao aaaeaiey aeaea; niciaaaaoeany acy-
oi/ieee, eae ii eiiaiaea, ioeacaeenue io naieo i?eciaiee,
e noaeu noaee eo ii?aaaeuaaoue.
Ii aaaeue o yoeo ethaeae aeaenoaeoaeueii auee ecuyou
ieeeeiiu ?oaeae! Oaeea noiiu iie ia niiaee au e ca
aeeciae iaeiieoue ec naiae ca?ieaou, aeaaea ia o?aoy
ec iaa ie eiiaeee. Iaeiaei aii?in ia enoi/ieea iee-
eeiiia ieeiai ia eioa?aniaae, aaeaii auei eeaeieoue
Aaeeyia e Eaaiiaa, iinyaioaoeo ia /anoue aunoeo eeoe
a iiiaieeaoo?a. Iaeuecy ia iaa iinyaaoue!
Iiiaieeaoo?a ana aeicaieaii, e iiiaieeaoo?ueeo ana
aeicaieaii, iiea ii aeaenoaoao a eioa?anao naiaai eeanna.
Ai a?aiy iaaeaeooea?noaey ie iaeia ; na?ueaciay i?iaeaia ie
aioo?aiiae iieeoeee (yeiiiie/aneee e?ecen, nioeeaeueiay aia-
oey), ie aiaoiae (e?ecen a ioiioaieyo iaaeaeo Ainoieii e Ca-
iaaeii), oianeaaeiaaiiay ca 18 eao eiina?aaoeaiie iieeoeee
ieeaa?oee noa?eeia, ia auea ?aoaia oioy au /anoe/ii. Oai
ia iaiaa a ia?aua ianyoeu iinea i?eoiaea Aiae?iiiaa e aeanoe
nicaeaeinue aia/aoeaiea, /oi ii niae?aaony inouanoaeoue ?yae ia-
?aiai, ii?aeueii i/enoeoue ia?oeth, i?enooieoue e yeiiiie/a-
nei ?aoi?iai. A naiae ia?aie ?a/e ii onoaiiaee n?ie a aeaa
aiaea, /oiau i?iaanoe ?yae eciaiaiee, eioi?ua iicaieeee au
i?enooieoue e auiieiaieth neaaeothuae iyoeeaoee a eo/oeo on-
eiaeyo, O iaai ia oaaoeei ia yoi a?aiaie, iineieueeo ii aue o
aeanoe anaai iyoiaaeoeaoue ianyoeaa, iaeiaei, o/eouaay aai ia?aua
oaae, iiaeii oniiieoueny a ?acoeueoaoao, e eioi?ui i?eaaee au
aai ?aoi?iu a aoaeouai.
Ai aioo?aiiae iieeoeea e?aoeia i?aauaaiea Aiae?iiiaa o
aeanoe auei ioia/aii i?aaeaea anaai iiiuoeie iieii/eoue n ia-
eaieaa aiiethueie i?iyaeaieyie ei??oioeee, ?ani?ino?aiea-
oaeny a naiaai ?iaea naiaeiuo e?oaao ia?oee ec-ca noaaeeue-
iinoe iieiaeaiey e aaniethoiie aaciaeacaiiinoe i?e A?aaeiaaa
ia?iiiiai /enea ianoiuo ia?oeeiuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae. ssaeyynue
?oeiaiaeeoaeai EAA, Aiaeaiiia eiae anth eioi?iaoeeth i iiiai-
/eneaiiuo aeaeao (ii/oe ieeiaaea ia i?aaeaaaaoeony iaeanea),
naycaiiuo n naiaenoaaiiinoueth e ei??oioeeae, eioi?ua oai?e-
eenue a oaiaeaeueiuo oaeaeao niaaoneeo eiycueeia, iniaaiii ai
aoi?ie iieiaeia 70-o., eiaaea oaiaaay yeiiiieea ?ac?in-
eanue aei oiai, /oi i?iieeea ai ana noa?u yeiiiie/aneie aeay-
oaeueiinoe, A nayce n ?ani?ino?aiaieai yoiai yaeaiey a naioya-
?a 1980 a. OeE ia? i?eiye ?yae ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia ai?ueao
n ei??oioeeae. Oeacaiey ii yoiio aii?ino auee ?acineaiu a
ianoiua ia?oeeiua i?aaiecaoeee a aeaea nae?aoiiai ienueia.
I?aayuay aa?oooea ioaeaaaea naaa io/ao a oii, /oi i?iaeaia
iineea noieue iauee oa?aeoa?, /oi eo/oa auei iiaeieoe e iae
eae iiaeii inoi?iaeiaa, ?acae?ay oieueei naiua aiiethuea
ceioiio?aaeaiey e cae?uaay aeaca ia ae?oaea. A 1981-1982 aa.
i?ia?aiaei ianeieueei neaiaeaeueiuo aeae, ?ane?uouo EAA iiae
?oeiaiaenoaii Aiae?iiiaa (eioi?ua Caiaae o?aeoiaae eae ianoiy-
uaa iauyaeaiea aieiu EAA a?aaeiaaneie iaoee, ii au?aaea-
ieth “Iana?aa?” io 7 ia?oa 1982 a.): neaiaeae n na?aecii Aeaoa-
?eiu 11-aeaei /eaia Iieeoath?i -?iiaiiaa, eioi?ue acye
iai?ieao a Y?ieoaaea aanoeaiiue na?aec, /oiau ioi?acaeiiaaoue
naaaeueao naiae aei/a?e; aieueoia eei?iia aeaei, a eioi?ia aue
aiaea/ai ieieno? ?uaiiai oicyenoaa A.Eoeia, noa?ue ae?oa
A.Einuaeia; neaiaeae a IAE?a a Iineaa, e, iaeiiaoe, a?ee-
eeaioiaay enoi?ey, a eioi?ie iaiin?aaenoaaiii auee caiaoa-
iu aei/ue A?aaeiaaa Aaeeia e aai cyoue TH.*o?aaiia, caianoeoaeue
ieieno?a aioo?aiieo aeae.
Ia iioi?iiao iooea aei/ue A?aaeiaaa auea a ieioiii eieueoea
?aaioieeia EAA. Ia Aaeeio oaea eiaeny i?aea? ia caaea?aeaiea,
iinea a?anoa 9 iiya?y aa aeeceiai ae?oaa, aee?aeoi?a naiiai cia-
iaieoiai i?iaeoeoiaiai iaaaceia a Iineaa (Aeenaaaneiai aano-
?iiiia). N?aco iinea nia?oe A?aaeiaaa aacaou ia/aee iiiai
ienaoue i ei??oioeee aunoeo /eiiaieeia.
Aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiay nenoaia i?e Aiae?iiiaa
au?aaaouaaea naie ?aca?au, ii i?ioeannu icaei?iaeaiey
ii?aeueii-iieeoe/aneiai eeeiaoa oaea iaiaoeeenue. Nei?i-
iinoeaeii oia? O. ?aoeaeia. A Ocaaeenoai auee iineaiu
neaaenoaaiiua a?oiiu. E oioy inoaiee eiiioienoa-oai-
aeaea aua iieieeenue o aoiaea a oaoeaioneee iocae
ei. A. E. Eaieia, iiceoeee oeiieiaie iaoee auee iioan-
iaiu. Ia ethiueneii (1983 a.) Ieaioia OeE EINN ec ni-
noaaa Oeaio?aeueiiai Eiieoaoa auee auaaaeaiu Uaeieia
e Iaaeoiia. Iinoaiaiii ia?iaeo ioe?uaaeanue i?aaaea i i?a-
nooiiuo aeayieyo iaeiaaea neeueiuo ie?a naai.
Ii ei??oioeey a aunoeo yoaeiiao ath?ie?aoe/aneie
iaoeiu aeaaea ia i?einoaiiaeeanue. Aieaa oiai, iia ?inea
aoe?ue, ?ani?ino?aiyeanue ia oieueei aioo?e no?aiu, ii e
ia noa?o aiaoiaoi?aiaie aeayoaeueiinoe. Oae iauaeoii
ath?ie?aoe/aneiai «?aeyoa» noaea i/a?aaeiay «no?ieea aa-
ea» – aacii?iaiae O?aiaie – Iiia?u – Oaeai?iae, ?aeea-
ie?iaaaoayny eae iaiau/aeiia aeaai aeey niaaoneiai
ia?iaea e iii?eua o?oaeiaiai aa?iecia. Oeaeue ?yae ?aaio-
ieeia aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo aaaeiinoa e i?aaiecaoeee ca
acyoee ia?aaeaaaee eiioe?iai cae?uoua naaaeaiey, nicaea-
aaee ei auaiaeiua ii ioiioaieth e eiieo?aioai oneiaey,
oee ia caeeth/aiea n ieie eiio?aeoia, yaii ia auaiaeiuo
no?aia. A /anoiinoe, a ?acoeueoaoa i?anooiiuo aeaenoaee
auaoeo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae Ananithciiai iauaaeeiaiey «Nithc-
aiaono?ieeiii?o» I?anieiaa, Ieoaeeiaa e Eueiaa eeoue
ii o?ai eiio?aeoai ia iinoaaeo aeeeuo eiiieaeoia aeey
auoaoiiiyiooiai aacii?iaiaea NNN? iioa?ye aieaa
10 iei. eiaaethoiuo ?oaeae. I?aaaea, caoai, a oiaea neaae-
noaey, /anoue yoie noiiu oaeaeinue aica?aoeoue.
11 aeaeaa?y «I?aaaea» iaiaeeaeaiii iioaeeeiaaea io/ao i
iineaaeiai canaaeaiee Iieeoath?i, iinayuaiiii ianoaeaeaieth iiiaeanoaa
ienai
?aai/eo e e?anoueyi, iaaeiaieueiuo oooaeoaieai oneiaee o?oaea,
oaeueneoeeaoeeae noaoenoe/aneeo aeaiiuo, ia?ooaieyie a ?an-
i?aaeaeaiee aeeeuey, ?anoeuaieai aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa e ae?oaeie
ia?ooaieyie caeiiiinoe, e ni?aaaaeeeainoe. Yoei niiauaieai,
ca eioi?ui iineaaeiaaee i?aaeeiaeaiey oneeeoue naieoeee a ioii-
oaiee ei??oioeee, naiaenoaaiiinoe, ?anoeuaiey e acyoi/ie-
/anoaa, i?aaeoaeuenoai aeaiiino?e?iaaei naia iaia?aiea yia?-
ae/ii ai?ioueny ni anaie aeaeaie i?anooiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ia
anao o?iaiyo, /oiau icaei?iaeoue ii?aeueiue eeeiao a iauanoaa.
Yoe ia?u ia auee /ai-oi iaaeaeaiiui a niaaoneie enoi?ee:
iiioeenoneea eaiiaiee i?ioea ei??oioeee «aunieiiinoaaeai-
iuo eiycueeia», eioi?ua n/eoaee, /oi niaaoneea caeiiu ia aeey
ieo, a aeey i?inouo ethaeae, iaiaeiie?aoii i?aaei?eieiae Noa-
eei. I?e Aiae?iiiaa yoe aeoeee yaeeenue ?acoeueoaoii, eae ioia-
/aao AE.Iaaeaaaeaa, iiuiiai aeaaeaiey nieco. Ei??oioeey ioaaoe-
ea ana o?iaie, e iiiaea iieaaaee, /oi oooaeoaiea iieiaeaiey n
i?iaeiaieuenoaeai e i?iioiaa?aie aucaaii eo ia?a?ani?aaeaea-
ieai a eioa?anao iiiaieeaoo?u, iaeeueii niaaaeaaoaeny auni-
eiea/anoaaiiuie i?iaeoeoaie /a?ac iaaaceiu aeey eca?aiiuo, e
/oi aeaaiaea?y oe?ieie naoe oaeeo iaaaceiia-?ani?aaeaeeoaeae
e nenoaia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo iaeeia i?inoie /aeiaae iiaeao ?an-
n/eouaaoue oieueei ia oeaa.
Eaiiaiey i?ioea ei??oioeee nei?i caoeoea. Aa iniiaiui
?acoeueoaoii noaei iaiiaeaiea ?oeiaiaeyuae ceeou. Yoio i?i-
oeann iinee, iaeiaei, ia?aie/aiiue oa?aeoa?, e n ii/aoii ooi-
aeeaoea ia iaineth ieieno?u onooiaee ianoa naiei ia?aui ca-
ianoeoaeyi. Neaaenoaaiiua i?aai i?ae?aoeee ?anneaaeiaaiea
e?oiiuo neaiaeaeia, a eioi?ua auee caiaoaiu aunieea ia?-
oeeiua ?oeiaiaeeoaee, naycaiiua n ianoiyuae «niaaoneie ia-
oeae», e caiyeenue ai?ueaie n aieaa ne?iiiuie oi?iaie oaia-
aie yeiiiieee: eaauie i?e?aaioeaie, iaeeie niaeoeyoeeae,
/oiau a eiia/iii n/aoa ia?aeoe e ai?ueaa ca oe?aieaiea aeen-
oeeieeiu.
10. Caeeth/aiea
Aio, iiaeaeoe, e an? /oi iiaeii auei iaienaoue i ai?ueaa ca
aeanoue e i?eaaeaaee, i iiaii ”eeanna” ia?oeeiie iiiaieeaoo?u,
eioi?ay eie iaeaaeaea. Aaeeinoaaiiui ooaoaieai iiaeao neoaeeoue
ooaa?aeaeaiea Ieeiaaia Aeaeeeana :
Neaainoue iiiaieeaoo?u a oii, /oi iia naia ioai?iaeeeanue
io iauanoaa, eioi?ui oi?aaeyao, e ieacaeanue aa?oooa/iie no?oe-
oo?ie aac ei?iae a ia?iaea. Iiyoiio y aeoiath, /oi aa ooiae e a aieue-
oeo no?aiao «?aaeueiiai nioeeaeecia» i?iecieaeao ie?ii, aac
a?aaeaeaineie aieiu: i?inoi ia iaeaeaony aeinoaoi/ii a?aaeaeai, ai-
oiauo aiaaaoue ca iiiaieeaoo?o.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 8.
Oai aea. N. 8.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 8.
Oai aea. N. 14.
Aa?o I. Enoi?ey niaaoneiai ainoaea?noaa. I.,1994. N. 446.
Oai aea. N. 462.
Oai aea. N. 462.
Oai aea. N. 462.
Aa?o I. Enoi?ey niaaoneiai ainoaea?noaa. I.,1994. N. 462.
Oai aea. N. 462.
Oai aea. N. 462.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 374.
Oai aea. N. 374.
Oai aea. N. 374.
Oai aea. N. 374.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 374.
Ao?eaoeeee O.I. Aiaeaee e Niaaoieee. I.,1990. N. 281.
Oai aea. N. 281.
Ao?eaoeeee O.I. Aiaeaee e Niaaoieee. I.,1990. N. 282.
Oai aea. N. 282.
Ao?eaoeeee O.I. Aiaeaee e Niaaoieee. I.,1990. N. 283.
Oai aea. N. 283.
Oai aea. N. 283.
Oai aea. N. 284.
Oai aea. N. 284.
Ao?eaoeeee O.I. Aiaeaee e Niaaoieee. I.,1990. N. 284.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 375.
Oai aea. N. 375.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 375.
Oai aea. N. 375.
Oai aea. N. 375.
Oai aea. N. 376.
Oai aea. N. 376.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 377.
Oai aea. N. 377.
Oai aea. N. 377.
Oai aea. N. 377.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 377.
Oai aea. N. 377.
Oai aea. N. 378.
Oai aea. N. 378.
Oai aea. N. 378.
Oai aea. N. 378.
Oai aea. N. 378.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 378.
Iaoa ioa/anoai. I.,1991. O. 2. N. 519.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 519.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 519.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 378.
Oai aea. N. 378.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 378.
Oai aea. N. 379.
Oai aea. N. 379.
Oai aea. N. 379.
Oai aea. N. 379.
Iaoa ioa/anoai. I.,1991. O. 2. N. 519.
Iaoa ioa/anoai. I.,1991. O. 2. N. 519.
Io iooaiaee aei canoiy. I.,1990. N. 134.
Oai aea. N. 134.
Oai aea. N. 135.
Oai aea. N. 147.
Oai aea. N. 147.
Io iooaiaee aei canoiy. I.,1990. N. 164.
Oai aea. N. 164.
Iaoa ioa/anoai. I.,1991. O. 2. N. 516.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 517.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 517.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 517.
Iaoa ioa/anoai. I.,1991. O. 2. N. 517.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 517.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 517.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 517.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 518.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 518.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 518.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 518.
Iaoa ioa/anoai. I.,1991. O. 2. N. 518.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 518.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 518.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 518.
Oai aea. O. 2. N. 518.
Iaoa ioa/anoai. I.,1991. O. 2. N. 528.
Oai aea. O.2. N. 528.
Oai aea. O.2. N. 529.
Oai aea. O.2. N. 529.
Oai aea. O.2. N. 529.
Iaoa ioa/anoai. I.,1991. O. 2. N. 529.
Oai aea. O.2. N. 533.
Oai aea. O.2. N. 533.
Iaoa ioa/anoai. I.,1991. O. 2. N. 534.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 280.
Oai aea. N. 280.
Oai aea. N. 280.
Oai aea. N. 280.
Oai aea. N. 281.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 281.
Oai aea. N. 281.
Oai aea. N. 281.
Oai aea. N. 281.
Oai aea. N. 281.
Oai aea. N. 281.
Oai aea. N. 281.
Oai aea. N. 281.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 287.
Oai aea. N. 287.
Oai aea. N. 288.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 288.
Oai aea. N. 288.
Oai aea. N. 288.
Oai aea. N. 288.
Oai aea. N. 289.
Aineaineee I.N. Iiiaieeaoo?a. Ainiiaenoaothuee eeann Niaaoneiai Nithca.
I.,1991. N. 281.
Oai aea. N. 289.
Aa?o I. Enoi?ey niaaoneiai ainoaea?noaa. I.,1994. N. 485.
Aa?o I. Enoi?ey niaaoneiai ainoaea?noaa. I.,1994. N. 446.
Oai aea. N. 485.
Oai aea. N. 485.
Oai aea. N. 485.
Oai aea. N. 485.
Oai aea. N. 485.
Iaoa ioa/anoai. I.,1991. O. 2. N. 539.
Iaoa ioa/anoai. I.,1991. O. 2. N. 540.
Oai aea. O.2. N. 540.
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