IINEIANEAss AINOAeA?NOAAIIAss TH?EAeE*ANEAss
AEAAeAIEss.
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA II
OAIEIAIIIO I?AAO
AA?EAIO IV
ONEIAIIA INOAEAeAIEA.
Nooaeaioa 4-e a?oiiu 2-ai eo?na
ICO IATHA
Oaiiaaeiaa Iaaea Aaneeueae/a.
Aeieo?ianeia oinna
ae. 5, ei?i. 1, ea. 75
oae. 976-44-12
Iineaa 1998
IEAI:
Iiiyoea e th?eaee/aneay i?e?iaea oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey…..……………………..……….3
Iniiaaiey e oneiaey i?eiaiaiey oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey…………………………………6
Iaycaiiinoe, aiceaaaaiua ia oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiai a oa/aiea
eniuoaoaeueiiai
n?iea. I?aaiu, inouanoaeythuea eiio?ieue ca iiaaaeaieai oneiaii
inoaeaeaiiiai……12
Ioiaia oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey eee i?iaeeaiea eniuoaoaeueiiai
n?iea..…………………14
Caaea/e e eo?niaie ?aaioa…………………………………………………………………..16
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u………………………………………………………18
1. IIIssOEA E TH?EAeE*ANEAss I?E?IAeA ONEIAIIAI INOAEAeAIEss.
*anoue ia?aay no. 73 OE ?O aeaneo: «Anee, iacia/ea eni?aaeoaeueiua
?aaiou, ia?aie/aiea ii aiaiiie neoaeaa, ia?aie/aiea naiaiaeu,
niaea?aeaiea a aeenoeeieeia?iie aieineie /anoe eee eeoaiea naiaiaeu,
noae i?eaeao e auaiaeo i aiciiaeiinoe eni?aaeaiey inoaeaeaiiiai aac
ioauaaiey iaeacaiey, ii iinoaiiaeyao n/eoaoue iacia/aiiia iaeacaiea
oneiaiui». A /anoe aoi?ie no. 73 OE aiai?eony: «I?e iacia/aiee oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey noae o/eouaaao oa?aeoa? e noaiaiue iauanoaaiiie iianiinoe
niaa?oaiiiai i?anooieaiey, ee/iinoue aeiiaiiai, a oii /enea niya/athuea
e ioya/athuea ianoiyoaeuenoaa».
A /anoe ia?aie no. 73 OE ?O niaea?aeeony en/a?iuaathuee ia?a/aiue oao
aeaeia iaeacaiey, i?e eioi?uo i?eiaiyaony oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea. Oaeei
ia?acii, i?e iacia/aiee noaeii oao aeaeia iaeacaiey, eioi?ua ia oeacaiu
a /. 1 no. 73 OE, oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea ia i?eiaiyaony.
A niioaaonoaee ni no. 73 OE oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea i?eiaiyaony oieueei
oiaaea, eiaaea noae i?eaeao e auaiaeo i eiathuaeny aiciiaeiinoe
eni?aaeaiey inoaeaeaiiiai aac ?aaeueiiai eniieiaiey iacia/aiiiai aio
iaeacaiey (iaeiei eeoue oaeoii aai iacia/aiey e i?aaeuyaeaieai oeacaiiuo
noaeii o?aaiaaiee, n niioaaonoaothuei eiio?ieai ca iiaaaeaieai
inoaeaeaiiiai a oa/aiea n?iea, onoaiiaeaiiiai noaeii). A /. 3 no. 73 OE
ii?aaeaeaii, /oi i?e iacia/aiee oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey noae onoaiaaeeaaao
eniuoaoaeueiue n?ie, a oa/aiea eioi?iai oneiaii inoaeaeaiiue aeieaeai
naiei iiaaaeaieai aeieacaoue naia eni?aaeaiea.
?aoay aii?in i aiciiaeiinoe i?eiaiaiey oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey, noae,
eiia/ii, aeieaeai o/eouaaoue e aeinoeaeaiea ae?oaeo oeaeae iaeacaiey,
i?aaeoniio?aiiuo no. 43 OE, a eiaiii: ainnoaiiaeaiea nioeeaeueiie
ni?aaaaeeeainoe e i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea iiauo i?anooieaiee. Ia yoii, a
/anoiinoe aiai?eony a Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea NNN? io 04
ia?oa 1961 a. ? 1 «I noaeaaiie i?aeoeea ii i?eiaiaieth oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey» a ioieoa 1: «Oeacaoue noaeai, /oi i?e i?eiaiaiee oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey iaiaoiaeeii a eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii neo/aa … enoiaeeoue ec
oeaeae eae eni?aaeaiey e ia?aainieoaiey inoaeaeaiiiai, oae e
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey niaa?oaiey iiauo i?anooieaiee inoaeaeaiiui e eiuie
eeoeaie».
I?iaeieaeay aiaeece?iaaoue iieiaeaiey no. 73 OE, iu aeaeei, /oi i?e
iacia/aiee oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey noae o/eouaaao oa?aeoa? e noaiaiue
iauanoaaiiie iianiinoe niaa?oaiiiai i?anooieaiey. Iauanoaaiiay
iianiinoue yaeyaony iauaeoeaiui naienoaii i?anooieaiey. E noauaeoeaiui
naienoaai, eioi?ua aeieaeai o/eouaaoue noae, ioiinyony aeaiiua
oa?aeoa?ecothuea ee/iinoue aeiiaiiai a niaa?oaiee i?anooieaiey, a oaeaea
niya/athuea (no. 61 OE) e ioya/athuea (no. 63 OE) ianoiyoaeuenoaa.
Iauaeoeaiua e noauaeoeaiua ianoiyoaeuenoaa, o/eouaaaiua noaeii i?e
i?eiaiaiee oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey, aoaeoo iiae?iaii ?anniio?aiu ai aoi?ii
?acaeaea aeaiiie ?aaiou.
Oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea yaeyaony y?eei au?aaeaieai i?eioeeia aoiaiiinoe,
cae?aieaiiiai a no. 7 OE ?O, oae eae eniieuecoaony aeey eni?aaeaiey
i?anooiieeia, a ioiioaiee eioi?uo noae n/eoaao ioauaaiea iacia/aiiiai
iaeacaiey iaoeaeaniia?aciui.
Oaeei ia?acii, oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae ia?o
oaieiaii-i?aaiaiai aicaeaenoaey, i?eiaiyaioth noaeii e eeoeo,
i?eaiai?aiiiio e eni?aaeoaeueiui ?aaioai, ia?aie/aieth ii aiaiiie
neoaeaa, ia?aie/aieth naiaiaeu, niaea?aeaieth a aeenoeeieeia?iie
aieineie /anoe eee eeoaieth naiaiaeu, ii inaiaiaeaeaiiiio io ioauaaiey
iaeacaiey n o/aoii anao ianoiyoaeuenoa aeaea e ee/iinoe aeiiaiiai, anee
inoaeaeaiiue a ia?eiae eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea, onoaiiaeaiiiai noaeii, ia
niaa?oeo iiaiai i?anooieaiey.
Ii, /oiau aeoaaea oynieoue niune oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey iaaei iiae?iaii
?anniio?aoue th?eaee/aneoth i?e?iaeo yoiai einoeoooa.
Aii?in i oii, /oi i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea eae einoeooo
oaieiaiiai i?aaa, eaeiaa aai th?eaee/aneay i?e?iaea n aeaaieo ii?
neoaeeo i?aaeiaoii nii?ia.
Auneacuaaeinue iiaiea, /oi oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea – yoi iniaue aeae
oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey. Oae Ae. A. ?eaiai ieoao: «…oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea
ii naiae th?eaee/aneie i?e?iaea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iniaue aeae
oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey, eioi?iio i?enoue ana ioee/eoaeueiua /a?ou
iaeacaiey e eioi?ia niiniaii auiieieoue e auiieiyao aiceiaeaiiua caaea/e
iiea?aoue e ia?aainieoaoue i?anooiieea, a oaeaea oaea?aeaoue io
niaa?oaiey i?anooieaiey eae aai naiiai, oae e ae?oaeo iaonoie/eauo
eeoe».
Aiaeiae/ioth iiceoeeth caieiae I. E. sseoaiae/, eioi?ue ioiinee oneiaiia
inoaeaeaiea e /eneo ia? iaeacaiey, iaoiaeyueony a nenoaia iaeacaiee
iaaeaeo aaconeiaiui eeoaieai naiaiaeu e eni?aaeoaeueiuie ?aaioaie.
Ii n yoie oi/eie c?aiey iaeuecy niaeaneoueny ii neaaeothuei i?e/eiai.
Ai-ia?auo, iiae nenoaiie iaeacaiee i?eiyoi iiieiaoue onoaiiaeaiiue
Oaieiaiui eiaeaenii en/a?iuaathuee ia?a/aiue aeaeia iaeacaiee,
?aniieiaeaiiuo a ii?aaeaeaiiie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe, enoiaey ec noaiaie
eo oyaeanoe. Aeaeu iaeacaiee ii?aaeaeaiu a no. 44 OE, aaea oneiaiia
inoaeaeaiea eae aeae iaeacaiey ia oeacaii. Ai-aoi?uo, i?e oneiaiii
inoaeaeaiee aeiiaiiio iacia/aaony eiie?aoiay ia?a iaeacaiey a aeaea
eni?aaeoaeueiuo ?aaio, ia?aie/aiey ii aiaiiie neoaeaa, ia?aie/aiey
naiaiaeu, niaea?aeaiey a aeenoeeieeia?iie aieineie /anoe eee eeoaiey
naiaiaeu.
Aeaeaa neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi iacaaiea inoaeaeaiey, i?aaeoniio?aiiiai
no. 73 OE, yaeyaony iaoi/iui. Inoaeaeaiea a aeaiiii neo/aa ia yaeyaony
oneiaiui. Eeoei inoaeaeaii ia oneiaii, iineieueeo iii i?eciaii aeiiaiui
a niaa?oaiee i?anooieaiey iaaeieoaeueiui i?eaiai?ii noaea, anooieaoei a
caeiiioth neeo, eioi?ui aio iacia/aii iaeacaiea, a oa/aiee
eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea iii yaeyaony noaeeiui. Oneiaiui aea yaeyaony
eniieiaiea iacia/aiiiai iaeacaiey. Oae, I. Ae. Oa?ai?iaeneee n/eoaao,
/oi «… oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea – yoi iniaue ii?yaeie ioauoey iaeacaiey (
eniieiaiea i?eaiai?a), caeeth/athueeny a oii, /oi i?eaiai? ia
i?eaiaeeony a eniieiaiea, anee inoaeaeaiiue a oa/aiee ii?aaeaeaiiiai
n?iea ia niaa?oeo iiaiai i?anooieaiey». Ii oiaaea, anee a oa/aiee
eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea, ia iniiaaiee no. 74 OE, i?eaiai? aeaenoaeoaeueii
i?eaiaeeony a eniieiaiea, oi iaiaoiaeeii i?eciaoue oaeia
ianoiyoaeuenoai, /oi oneiaii inoaeaeaiiue aeaaaeaeu ioauaaao ia?o
iaeacaiey ca iaeii e oi aea i?anooieaiea, a yoi i?ioeai?a/eo i?eioeeio
ni?aaaaeeeainoe, cae?aieaiiiio a /. 2 no. 6 OE ?O, eioi?ue aeaneo, /oi
ieeoi ia iiaeao ianoe oaieiaioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue aeaaaeaeu ca iaeii e
oi aea i?anooieaiea.
Oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea – yoi e ia ion?i/ea i?eiaiaiey iaeacaiey, oae eae
i?e ion?i/ea iaeacaiea iaycaoaeueii i?eaiaeeony a eniieiaiea ii
enoa/aiee n?iea, onoaiiaeaiiiai noaeii. I?e oneiaiii aea inoaeaeaiee
iacia/aiiia noaeii iaeacaiea ia i?eaiaeeony a eniieiaiea, anee
inoaeaeaiiue a oa/aiee eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea naiei iiaaaeaieai aeieaaeao
naia eni?aaeaiea.
A. A. E?eaa? ienae, /oi «…a niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothuei
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea ii naiae th?eaee/aneie i?e?iaea
?anniao?eaaaony a ea/anoaa iaeiiai ec aeaeia oneiaiiai inaiaiaeaeaiey io
oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey». Oaeay aea oi/ea c?aiey au?aaeaia a o/aaieea
Niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?aaa iiae ?aaeaeoeeae i?io. I. A. Aaeyaaa. A iai
aiai?eony, /oi « iaeaieaa i?eciai acaeyae, niaeanii eioi?iio oneiaiia
inoaeaeaiea ?anniao?eaaaony eae iniaay oi?ia inaiaiaeaeaiey io
iaeacaiey». E aeaeaa, aaoi?u o/aaieea, niiinoaaeyy einoeooo oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey n ae?oaeie aeaeaie inaiaiaeaeaiey io iaeacaiey, auyaeytho
iauea aeey ieo /a?ou, e, i?aaeaea anaai oi, /oi aeiiaiia eeoei
oaeoe/anee ia ioauaaao iaeacaiey.
Ia?yaeo n iaueie /a?oaie oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea e ae?oaea oi?iu
inaiaiaeaeaiey io iaeacaiey eiatho e nouanoaaiiua ?acee/ey. Oae i?e
inaiaiaeaeaiee io iaeacaiey aeiiaiiio aiiaua ia iacia/aaony ieeaeay ia?a
iaeacaiey, oiaaea eae i?e oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee ii i?eaiaa?eaaaony e
eiie?aoiie ia?a iaeacaiey.
A. Ae. Nieiaueaa iiae/a?eeaae, /oi «…iao aeinoaoi/iuo iniiaaiee
?anniao?eaaoue oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea e eae oneiaiia inaiaiaeaeaiea io
iaeacaiey. I?e oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee ia?a iaeacaiey e aeiiaiiio ia
i?eiaiyaony. Noaeii iii ii?aaeaeyaony, a inoaeaeaiea ioauaaaony».
A niaaoneie th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a auneacuaaeinue oaeaea iiaiea, /oi
neaaeoao i?eciaoue oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea iniaui, i?eiaiyaiui niaaoneei
noaeii, n?aaenoaii ainieoaoaeueiiai aicaeaenoaey. Ii yoi iieiaeaiea ia
aeaao ie/aai aeey oyniaiey i?aaiaie i?e?iaeu oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey, oae
eae oaeia ooaa?aeaeaiea iiaeao auoue ioianaii e ?acee/iui einoeoooai
oaieiaiiai i?aaa.
I?e ?aaioa iaae aeaiiui aii?inii y iiciaeiieeny n aua iaeiie oi/eie
c?aiey ia oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea. A iiaeaee oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiiai
eiaeaena, eioi?ue i?eiyo a ea/anoaa ?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiiai
caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai aeoa aeey ainoaea?noa-o/anoieeia NIA, oneiaiia
inoaeaeaiea iacuaaaony inoaeaeaieai n oneiaiui iai?eiaiaieai iaeacaiey.
I?eiaiea a?aiiaoe/aneia oieeiaaiea, iu aeaeei, /oi caeiiiaeaoaeue naii
inoaeaeaiea i?eciaao ia oneiaiui, a ?aaeueiui. Yoi iieiaeaiea, eiia/ii
aea, niioaaonoaoao aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, i /ai e aiai?eeinue ?aiaa a yoie
?aaioa. Oneiaiui aea caeiiiaeaoaeue i?eciaao iai?eiaiaiea iaeacaiey.
Iaiauay i?iaiaeece?iaaiiua oi/ee c?aiey ia th?eaee/aneoth i?e?iaeo
oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey, eioi?ua eiathony a th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a, y
n/eoath, /oi iiaeii naeaeaoue neaaeothuee auaiae. Oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea –
yoi naiinoiyoaeueiue einoeooo Iauae /anoe oaieiaiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, e iiyoiio iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?e ii?aaeaeaiee
th?eaee/aneie i?e?iaeu yoiai einoeoooa iuoaoueny naanoe aai e ae?oaei
oaieiaii-i?aaiaui einoeoooai.
Oaeaea neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi einoeooo oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey yaeyaony
au?aaeaieai i?eioeeia aoiaiiinoe, eioi?ue cae?aieai a no. 7 OE ?O. A
Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea NNN? io 04 ia?oa 1961 a. ? 1 « I
noaeaaiie i?aeoeea ii i?eiaiaieth oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey» aiai?eony:
«…noaeaaiay i?aeoeea iieacuaaao, /oi oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea, i?eiaiyaiia
a niioaaonoaee n caeiiii, n o/aoii eiie?aoiuo ianoiyoaeuenoa aeaea e
ee/iinoe aeiiaiiai, aiieia naay ii?aaaeuaaao e ieacuaaao aieueoia
ainieoaoaeueiia e i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiia aicaeaenoaea. I?eiaiaiea
oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey aeaao aiciiaeiinoue iaania/eoue ia?aainieoaiea e
eni?aaeaiea i?aaiia?ooeoaey i?e aeoeaiii o/anoee iauanoaaiiinoe aac
ecieyoeee aeiiaiiai io iauanoaa. Iiaeaaeythuaa aieueoeinoai oneiaii
inoaeaeaiiuo ia niaa?oaao iiaoi?iuo i?aaiia?ooaiee».
2. INIIAAIEss E ONEIAEss I?EIAIAIEss ONEIAIIAI INOAEAeAIEss.
ENIUOAOAEUeIUE N?IE E AAI CIA*AIEA.
Ia iniiaaiee /. 1 no. 73 OE oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
noae, iacia/ea aeiiaiiio ia?o iaeacaiey a aeaea eni?aaeoaeueiuo ?aaio,
ia?aie/aiey ii aiaiiie neoaeaa, ia?aie/aiey naiaiaeu, niaea?aeaiey a
aeenoeeieeia?iie aieineie /anoe eee eeoaiey naiaiaeu ia ii?aaeaeaiiue
n?ie e i?eaey e auaiaeo i aiciiaeiinoe eni?aaeaiey inoaeaeaiiiai aac
ioauaaiey iaeacaiey, iinoaiiaeyao n/eoaoue iacia/aiiia iaeacaiea
oneiaiui, oi anoue ia i?eiaiyoue iacia/aiiia iaeacaiea e inoaeaeaiiiio.
A niioaaonoaee n /. 2 no. 73 OE noae i?e iacia/aiee oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey o/eouaaao oa?aeoa? e noaiaiue iauanoaaiiie iianiinoe
niaa?oaiiiai i?anooieaiey, ee/iinoue aeiiaiiai, a oii /enea niya/athuea
e ioya/athuea ianoiyoaeuenoaa.
Oaeei ia?acii, iniiaaieai i?eiaiaiey oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey yaeyaony
oaaaeaeaiea noaea a iaoeaeaniia?aciinoe ioauaaiey aeiiaiui iacia/aiiiai
iaeacaiey e a aiciiaeiinoe eni?aaeaiey e ia?aainieoaiey aai eiuie
ia?aie. Iaoeaeaniia?aciinoue ioauaaiey inoaeaeaiiui iaeacaiey aeieaeia
onoaiaaeeaaoueny noaeii n o/aoii iauaeoeaiuo e noauaeoeaiuo
i?aaeiinueie, naeaeaoaeuenoaothueo i oa?aeoa?a e noaiaie iauanoaaiiie
iianiinoe niaa?oaiiiai i?anooieaiey, ee/iinoe aeiiaiiai, ni/aoaieai
ianoiyoaeuenoa niya/athueo e ioya/athueo iaeacaiea.
Iaoeaeaniia?aciinoue ioauaaiey iaeacaiey eiaao ianoi oiaaea, eiaaea
nouanoaoao ?aaeueiay aiciiaeiinoue aac i?aeoe/aneiai i?eiaiaiey
iaeacaiey iaania/eoue aeinoeaeaiea anao oeaeae iaeacaiey, oi anoue
oeaeae oeacaiiuo a /. 2 no. 43 OE, a eiaiii, ainnoaiiaeaiea nioeeaeueiie
ni?aaaaeeeainoe, eni?aaeaiea inoaeaeaiiiai e i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea
niaa?oaiey iiauo i?anooieaiee.
Iauaeoeaiua i?aaeiinueee i?eiaiaiey oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey – yoi
ianoiyoaeuenoaa aeaea, i?aaeaea anaai oyaeanoue niaa?oaiiiai
i?anooieaiey, o. a. oa?aeoa? e noaiaiue iauanoaaiiie iianiinoe.
Oa?aeoa? iauanoaaiiie iianiinoe ii?aaeaeyaony oaie iauanoaaiiuie
ioiioaieyie, ia eioi?ua niaa?oaii iinyaaoaeuenoai, o. a. iauaeoii
i?anooieaiey.
Noaiaiue iauanoaaiiie iianiinoe – yoi aa eiee/anoaaiiay noi?iia, i?e
ii?aaeaeaiee eioi?ie neaaeoao o/eouaaoue ?yae oaeoi?ia: oyaeanoue
i?e/eiaiiuo iineaaenoaee, iniaaiiinoe iinyaaoaeuenoaa ( ieii/aii iii eee
iao, niaa?oaii aaeeiiee/ii eee a nio/anoee, eaeie niinia aue
eniieueciaai i?e niaa?oaiee i?anooieaiey e o. ae.). Noaiaiue
iauanoaaiiie iianiinoe i?anooieaiey naia ieii/aoaeueiia au?aaeaiea
iaoiaeeo a naieoeee noaouee OE.
Oaieiaiue eiaeaen ia ia?aie/eaaao e?oa i?anooieaiee e e?oa eeoe, eiaaea
iiaeao i?eiaiyoueny oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea. Aianoa n oai neiaeeaoayny
noaeaaiay i?aeoeea anaaaea enoiaeeea ec oiai, /oi oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea
ia aeieaeii i?eiaiyoueny e eeoeai, niaa?oeaoei oyaeeea e iniai oyaeeea
i?anooieaiey. «…Oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea, eae i?aaeei, ia aeieaeii
i?eiaiyoueny e eeoeai, aeiiaiui a niaa?oaiee oyaeeeo i?anooieaiee. Noae
iiaeao i?eiaiyoue oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea e ioaeaeueiui o/anoieeai oaeeo
i?anooieaiee eeoue a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea onoaiiaeaia aoi?inoaiaiiay
?ieue yoeo eeoe, a oaeaea anee aeaiiua, oa?aeoa?ecothuea ee/iinoue
aeiiaiiai e ianoiyoaeuenoaa, i?e eioi?uo niaa?oaii i?anooieaiea, aeatho
iniiaaiea n/eoaoue iaoeaeaniia?aciie ecieyoeeth inoaeaeaiiiai io
iauanoaa» (Iinoaiiaeaiea Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea NNN? io 04 ia?oa 1961
a. ? 1 « I noaeaaiie i?aeoeea ii i?eiaiaieth oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey»).
Iaeiaei, a noaeaaiie i?aeoeea aua ano?a/athony neo/ae iaiainiiaaiiiai
i?eiaiaiey noaeaie oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey. Oae Aeoaeneei e?aaaui noaeii
Ea?iaooia aue inoaeaeai e 5 aiaeai eeoaiey naiaiaeu oneiaii. Ii i?eciai
aeiiaiui a aaiaeeoecia, ?acaia e a?aaaaea, niaa?oaiiuie a a?oiia n
ae?oaeie eeoeaie. N aai o/anoeai aaiaeie niaa?oaiu /aou?a iaiaaeaiey ia
a?aaeaeai a oeaeyo caaeaaeaiey eo eiouanoaii. I?e iaiaaeaiee o/anoieee
aaiaeu eniieueciaaee i?oaeea, ianee, niaoeiaeaaeaeo. Ioiaiea i?eaiai? ca
iyaeinoueth iaeacaiey, Noaeaaiay eieeaaey ii oaieiaiui aeaeai oeacaea,
/oi i?e ii?aaeaeaiee noaiaie ioaaonoaaiiinoe aeiiaiiai noae aeieaeai
o/eouaaoue oa?aeoa? e noaiaiue iauanoaaiiie iianiinoe niaa?oaiiiai
i?anooieaiey, ee/iinoue inoaeaeaiiiai, ianoiyoaeuenoaa niya/athuea e
ioya/athuea aai ioaaonoaaiiinoue. Noae o/ae naiaeiia iieiaeaiea
Ea?iaooiaa, /oi ii iieiaeeoaeueii oa?aeoa?eciaaeny ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa
e ianoo iineaaeiae ?aaiou, niinianoaiaae ?ane?uoeth i?anooieaiey. Yoe
ianoiyoaeuenoaa iineoaeeee iniiaaieai aeey iacia/aiey aio iaeacaiey
ieaea ieaeiaai i?aaeaea, i?aaeoniio?aiiiai caeiiii ca ?acaie. A oi aea
a?aiy noae iaiainiiaaiii, ia iioeae?oy, i?eiaiee e iaio no. 73 OE, oioy,
niaeanii caeiio i?eiaiaiea oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey o?aaoao i?eaaaeaiey a
i?eaiai?a niioaaonoaothueo iioeaia i?eiyoiai ?aoaiey. Ea?iaooia aue, eae
onoaiiaeaii noaeii, aeoeaiui o/anoieeii aaiaeu, niaa?oae ?acaieiua
iaiaaeaiey e a?aaaaee, ae?oaea oyaeeea i?anooieaiey. I?e oaeeo
ianoiyoaeuenoaao noae ia eiae iniiaaiee aeey i?eiaiaiey e iaio oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey eae yaii iyaeiai iaeacaiey.
E noauaeoeaiui i?aaeiinueeai i?eiaiaiey oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey ioiinyony
aeaiiua, oa?aeoa?ecothuea ee/iinoue aeiiaiiai, eioi?ua aeieaeiu
naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaoue i aiciiaeiinoe eni?aaeaiey eeoea aac ioauaaiey ei
iaeacaiey.
I?aaeaea anaai, aaaeii auynieoue, eaeia ii n/aoo i?anooieaiea niaa?oee
iiaenoaeeiue. Oaieiaiue caeii ia niaea?aeeo eaeiai-eeai i?yiiai oeacaiey
ia yoio n/ao. Iaeiaei, i?e niaa?oaiee ianeieueeeo i?anooieaiee noaiaiue
iauanoaaiiie iianiinoe aeiiaiiai, ianiiiaiii, aic?anoaao, /oi
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i iaoeaeaniia?aciinoe i?eiaiaiey e iaio oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey. Noae a oaeeo neo/ayo aeieaeai aeaoue ioeaieo ia oieueei
eaaeaeiio i?anooieaieth a ioaeaeueiinoe, ii e eo niaieoiiinoe.
A Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea NNN? io 04 ia?oa 1961 a. ? 1
aiai?eony, /oi «… n iniaie inoi?iaeiinoueth noaeu aeieaeiu
iiaeoiaeeoue e i?eiaiaieth oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey a ioiioaiee eeoe,
eioi?ua oioy a aeaiiii neo/aa e niaa?oeee i?anooieaiea, ia
i?aaenoaaeythuaa aieueoie iauanoaaiiie iianiinoe, ii a i?ioeii
iaiaeiie?aoii niaa?oaee i?anooieaiey».
Aa?oiaiui Noaeii ?O ioia/aeinue, /oi a noaeaaiie i?aeoeea aei neo ii?
ano?a/athony neo/ae, eiaaea eeoeai, ?aiaa noaeeiui ii 6-10 ?ac e aiiaue
niaa?oeaoei oiuoeaiiia i?anooieaiea, a oii /enea ioiinyueany e oyaeeei,
iacia/aeinue iaeacaiea, aii?aee caeiio, a aeaea eeoaiey naiaiaeu
oneiaii.
Oae, Eaieineei ?aeiiiui noaeii a. E?aniiaea?a auee inoaeaeaiu:
?acie/aiei e 6 aiaeai eeoaiey naiaiaeu oneiaii e Eaoei e 3,5 aiaeai
eeoaiey naiaiaeu oneiaii. Iacaaiiua a?aaeaeaia a oa/aiee iaeiiai ianyoea
niaa?oeee e?aaeo, a?aaaae e ?acaie. ?aiaa iie auee noaeeiu ca e?aaeo.
Noaeaaiay eieeaaey ii oaieiaiui aeaeai E?aniiaea?neiai e?aaaiai noaea
i?eaiai? inoaaeea aac eciaiaiee. I?aceaeeoi E?aniiaea?neiai e?aaaiai
noaea i?ioano i?ieo?i?a ia ioiaia noaeaaiiai ?aoaiey ca iyaeinoueth
iacia/aiiiai iaeacaiey inoaaee aac oaeiaeaoai?aiey. E eeoue i?ioano Cai.
Aaia?aeueiiai i?ieo?i?a ?O aue oaeiaeaoai?ai Noaeaaiie eieeaaeae ii
oaieiaiui aeaeai Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O.
A noaeaaiie i?aeoeea ia?aaeei a ea/anoaa iniiaiiai iiaiaea aeey
i?eiaiaiey oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey neoaeeo ianiaa?oaiiieaoea aeiiaiiai,
oae eae ineoeea ianiaa?oaiiieaoiaai iaeaaeaao ?yaeii iniaaiiinoae,
niciaiea eioi?iai iaoiaeeony a noaaeee oi?ie?iaaiey. Iineieueeo ia
neiaeeeenue aua ieii/aoaeueii oaa?aeua acaeyaeu, oaaaeaeaiey,
ianiaa?oaiiieaoiee aieueoa iiaeaeaaony aeeyieth ni noi?iiu ae?oaeo eeoe,
i?e/ai, eae io?eoeaoaeueiiio, /oi iaeaa/aao aai iooue a i?anooiioth
aeayoaeueiinoue, oae e iieiaeeoaeueiiio, /oi iaoneaaeeaaao aiciiaeiinoue
aai eni?aaeaiey iooai i?eiaiaiey oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey.
Noaiaiue iauanoaaiiie iianiinoe eeoea iiae/an ii?aaeaeyaony a iaeioi?ie
ia?a e aai iiaaaeaieai iinea niaa?oaiey i?anooieaiey. Anee aeiiaiue
i?iyaeyao aeoeaiia ?aneayiea, i?eieiaao ia?u aeey eeeaeaeaoeee eee
oiaiueoaiey i?e/eiaiiiai a?aaea, yaeyaony n iiaeiiie, oi yoi a ?yaea
neo/aaa iiaeao naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaoue i oii, /oi aeey aai eni?aaeaiey iao
iaiaoiaeeiinoe a ?aaeueiii ioauaaiee iaeacaiey
Iiieii ianoiyoaeuenoa, iaiin?aaenoaaiii oa?aeoa?ecothueo i?anooiiia
aeayiea e aeiiaiia eeoei, noaeu, i?eiaiyy oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea,
o/eouaatho naiaeiia iieiaeaiea aeiiaiiai, iaee/ea o iaai ia eaeaeeaaiee
iaeieaoieo aeaoae, iao?oaeiniiniaiuo ?iaeeoaeae, na?ueaciua caaieaaaiey
/eaiia naiuee e o. i.
Aiaeec no. 73 OE e noaeaaiay i?aeoeea iieacuaatho, /oi niya/athueie
ianoiyoaeuenoaaie, i?e eioi?uo i?eiaiyaony oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea,
yaeythony oa ianoiyoaeuenoaa, ia?a/aiue eioi?uo aeai a no. 61 OE:
a) niaa?oaiea aia?aua i?anooieaiey iaaieueoie oyaeanoe aneaaenaea
neo/aeiiai noa/aiey ianoiyoaeuenoa;
a) ianiaa?oaiiieaoea aeiiaiiai;
a) aa?aiaiiinoue;
a) iaee/ea iaeieaoieo aeaoae o aeiiaiiai;
ae) niaa?oaiea i?anooieaiey a neeo noa/aiey oyaeaeuo aeeciaiiuo
ianoiyoaeuenoa, eeai ii iioeao nino?aaeaiey e o. ae.
Oaeaea noaeii iiaoo auoue i?eciaiu niya/athueie ianoiyoaeuenoaaie e
eiua, ia oeacaiiua a yoie noaouea.
Oae, Oiniaineee ai?iaeneie ia?iaeiue noae Eaieia?aaeneie iaeanoe i?eciae
aeiiaiuie Ie/oaeia e A?aeio a oii, /oi iie, i?iieeioa ia io?aiyaioth
oa??eoi?eth a/i «Eieieineia», iuoaeenue niaa?oeoue e?aaeo 20 ea.
ianoaiaea?oiuo iao?oeia, ii auee caaea?aeaiu. Noae iacia/ee ei iaeacaiea
a aeaea 2-oo eao eeoaiey naiaiaeu oneiaii. I?e yoii noaeii auei o/oaii,
/oi i?e/eiaiiue inoaeaeaiiuie oua?a aue iaiaaeeaiii aiciauai iooai
aica?aoa iioeuaiiiai nianoaaiieeo, ?aiaa iie ia auee noaeeiu, A?aeia
eiaao aeaoo ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo aeaoae, a Ie/oaei niaea?aeeo 84-eaoithth
iaoue.
I?eiaiyy e aeiiaiiio oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea, noae auiineo iaaeieoaeueiue
i?eaiai?, a eioi?ii iiae?iaii eceaaaao, a /ai eiie?aoii iiaenoaeeiue
i?eciai aeiiaiui, eaeeie aeieacaoaeuenoaaie iiaeoaa?aeaeaia aai aeia, e
i?eaiaeeo iioeau oneiaiiai inaiaiaeaeaiey io iaeacaiey. I?e yoii a
i?eaiai?a oeacuaaaony aeae e ?acia? iaeacaiey, eioi?ia iaaeeaaeaei au
ioauaaoue inoaeaeaiiiio, anee au e iaio ia auei i?eiaiaii oneiaiia
inoaeaeaiea.
Anee noae i?eoae e auaiaeo i oeaeaniia?aciinoe oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey, ii
iaycai inaiaiaeeoue io ioauaaiey iaeacaiey ia aanue iacia/aiiue n?ie, a
ia ia /anoue aai. Iaeuecy, iai?eia?, ec 2-o eao eeoaiey naiaiaeu,
iacia/aiiuo inoaeaeaiiiio, 1 aiae ii?aaeaeeoue e ?aaeueiiio ioauaaieth,
a 1 aiae – oneiaii.
A /. 1 no. 73 OE aeai en/a?iuaathuee ia?a/aiue aeaeia iaeacaiee, i?e
eioi?uo i?eiaiyaony oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea. Yoi – eni?aaeoaeueiua ?aaiou,
ia?aie/aiea ii aiaiiie neoaeaa, ia?aie/aiea naiaiaeu, niaea?aeaiea a
aeenoeeieeia?iie aieineie /anoe, eeoaiea naiaiaeu. Neaaeiaaoaeueii,
oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea aeiionoeii oieueei a ioiioaiee aeiiaiuo, eioi?ui
iacia/aiu auoaia?a/eneaiiua aeaeu iaeacaiee. E inoaeaeaiiui e eiui ia?ai
iaeacaiey oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea ia i?eiaiyaony.
Eni?aaeoaeueiua ?aaiou eae aeae oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey caeeth/athony a
i?eioaeeoaeueiii i?eaea/aiee inoaeaeaiiiai e o?oaeo ii iniiaiiio ianoo
aai ?aaiou ia n?ie, oeacaiiue a i?eaiai?a noaea, n oaea?aeaieai a
aeioiae ainoaea?noaa ii?aaeaeaiiie aeiee aai ca?aaioea ( no. 50 OE).
Eni?aaeoaeueiua ?aaiou onoaiaaeeaathony ia n?ie io aeaoo ianyoeaa aei
aeaoo eao, oaea?aeaiey ec ca?aaioea ninoaaeytho a i?aaeaeao io 5 % aei
20 %.
Ia?aie/aiea ii aiaiiie neoaeaa iacia/aaony inoaeaeaiiui aiaiiineoaeauei,
i?ioiaeyuei aiaiioth neoaeao ii eiio?aeoo, ia n?ie io o?ao ianyoeaa aei
o?ao eao. I?e yoii i?iecaiaeyony oaea?aeaiey ec iieo/aaiiai inoaeaeaiiui
aeaiaaeiiai aeiaieuenoaey a ?acia?a, onoaiiaeaiiii i?eaiai?ii noaea, ii
ia nauoa 20 % (no. 51 OE).
Nooue ia?aie/aiey naiaiaeu eae aeaea oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey caeeth/aaony a
niaea?aeaiee inoaeaeaiiiai, aeinoeaoaai e iiiaioo auianaiey i?eaiai?a 18
eao, a niaoeeaeueiii o/?aaeaeaiee aac ecieyoeee io iauanoaa, a oneiaeyo
inouanoaeaiey ca iei iaaeci?a ( no. 53 OE). A /. 2 no. 53 OE
oeacuaaaony, /oi ia?aie/aiea naiaiaeu iacia/aaony:
a) eeoeai, inoaeaeaiiui ca niaa?oaiea oiuoeaiiuo i?anooieaiee e ia
eiathuei noaeeiinoe, – ia n?ie io iaeiiai aiaea aei o?ao eao;
a) eeoeai, inoaeaeaiiui ca i?anooieaiey, niaa?oaiiua ii iainoi?iaeiinoe,
– ia n?ie io iaeiiai aiaea aei iyoe eao.
Niaeanii Oaieiaiiio eiaeaeno niaea?aeaiea a aeenoeeieeia?iie aieineie
/anoe iacia/aaony aiaiiineoaeauei, i?ioiaeyuei aiaiioth neoaeao ii
i?ecuao, a oaeaea ii eiio?aeoo ia aeieaeiinoyo ?yaeiaiai e na?aeaioneiai
ninoaaa, anee iie ia iiiaio auianaiey noaeii i?eaiai?a ia ioneoaeeee
onoaiiaeaiiiai caeiiii n?iea ii i?ecuao. Caeii onoaiaaeeaaao n?iee
niaea?aeaiey a aeenoeeieeia?iie aieineie /anoe – io o?ao ianyoeaa aei
aeaoo eao (no. 55 OE).
Eeoaiea naiaiaeu ia ii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie ninoieo a i?eioaeeoaeueiie
ecieyoeee inoaeaeaiiiai iooai iiiauaiey aai a i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey
yoiai o/?aaeaeaiey ia n?ie, onoaiiaeaiiue i?eaiai?ii noaea, ni
niaoeeaeueiui ?aaeeiii niaea?aeaiey (no. 56 OE).
Aua ?ac neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi oneiaii aeieaeia auoue iacia/aia any
eca?aiiay noaeii ia?a iaeacaiey, a ia /anoue aa. Oaieiaiue caeii ia
i?aaeinoaaee noaeo i?aaa iacia/aoue iaeacaiea, /anoue eioi?iai
eniieiyeanue au ?aaeueii, a ae?oaay /anoue – oneiaii. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue a
?aaeueiii ioauaaiee aeiiaiui oioy au /anoe n?iea iaeacaiey
naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaea au ia ionoonoaee iniiaaiee aeey oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey.
Niaeanii /. 4 no. 73 OE i?e oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee iiaoo auoue iacia/aiu
aeiiieieoaeueiua aeaeu iaeacaiee, e?iia eiioeneaoeee eiouanoaa.
Aeiiieieoaeueiua iaeacaiey, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue iacia/aiu i?e oneiaiii
inoaeaeaiee, aeieaeiu eniieiyoueny ?aaeueii. Eo oneiaiia iacia/aiea no.
73 OE ia i?aaeoniao?eaaao.
Aeiiieieoaeueiuie yaeythony aeaeu iaeacaiee, eioi?ua ia iiaoo
iacia/aoueny naiinoiyoaeueii. Iie i?eniaaeeiythony e iniiaiui, oneeeaay
ea?aoaeueiia aeeyiea iaeacaiey a oeaeii. E aeiiieieoaeueiui iaeacaieyi
caeii ioiineo aeaa aeaea: eeoaiea niaoeeaeueiiai, aieineiai eee
ii/aoiiai caaiey, eeanniiai /eia e ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaa?aae, a oaeaea
eiioeneaoeeth eiouanoaa (/. 3 no. 45 OE). Iaeacaiey, eioi?ua iiaoo
ea?aoue aeaiyeoth ?ieue, – iniiaiuo eee aeiiieieoaeueiuo, – yoi oo?ao e
eeoaiea i?aaa caieiaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua aeieaeiinoe eee caieiaoueny
ii?aaeaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth (/.2 no. 45 OE). Oae eae /.4 no. 73 OE
niaea?aeeo cai?ao ia i?eiaiaiea a ea/anoaa aeiiieieoaeueiiai iaeacaiey
i?e oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee eiioeneaoeee eiouanoaa, oi noae,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, iiaeao iacia/eoue i?e oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee oieueei o?e
aeaea aeiiieieoaeueiuo iaeacaiee:
oo?ao;
eeoaiea i?aaa caieiaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua aeieaeiinoe eee caieiaoueny
ii?aaeaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth;
eeoaiea niaoeeaeueiiai, aieineiai eee ii/aoiiai caaiey, eeanniiai /eia e
ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaa?aae.
Iai?eiaiaiea eiioeneaoeee eiouanoaa a ea/anoaa aeiiieieoaeueiiai
iaeacaiey i?e oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee iaoneiaeaii oai, /oi eiioeneaoeey
eiouanoaa onoaiaaeeaaaony ca oyaeeea e iniai oyaeeea i?anooieaiey, a
oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea, eae i?aaeei, ia i?eiaiyaony ca aeaiiua eaoaai?ee
i?anooieaiee.
Oo?ao eae aeae oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey caeeth/aaony a aeaiaaeiii acuneaiee,
iacia/aaiii a i?aaeaeao, onoaiiaeaiiuo ianoiyuei Eiaeaenii, a ?acia?a io
25 aei 1000 ieieiaeueiuo ?acia?ia iieaou o?oaea eee a ?acia?a ca?aaioiie
ieaou eee eiiai aeioiaea inoaeaeaiiiai ca ii?aaeaeaiiue ia?eiae. Oo?ao
iiaeii iacia/aoue oieueei a neo/ayo, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo niioaaonoaothueie
noaoueyie Iniaaiiie /anoe OE.
Caeanue ioaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi ?aiaa, ii Oaieiaiiio eiaeaeno 1960 aiaea,
i?e oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee aeiiieieoaeueiua iaeacaiey, ca eneeth/aieai
oo?aoa, ia iiaee auoue iacia/aiu. N/eoaeinue, /oi a i?ioeaiii neo/aa
inoaeaeaiea iioa?yei au naith aioo?aiithth eiaeeo: eeoei, a ioiioaiee
eioi?iai i?eciaii iaoeaeaniia?aciui eniieiyoue no?iaia iaeacaiea,
iiaeaa?aeinue au iaiaa no?iaiio iaeacaieth, e oaeei ia?acii,
aeiiieieoaeueiia iaeacaiea i?aa?aoeeinue au a iniiaiia. Oo?ao, eae
aeiiieieoaeueiay ia?a iaeacaiey i?e oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee, iiaeeaaeae
?aaeueiiio eniieiaieth. Eneeth/aiea, naeaeaiiia caeiiiaeaoaeai aeey
oo?aoa, iauyniyeinue oai, /oi: ai-ia?auo – oo?ao iiaeao auoue iacia/ai
oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea ii oeacai a naieoeee noaouee Iniaaiiie /anoe OE;
ai-aoi?uo – oo?ao yaeyaony iaeiie ec iaeiaiaa no?iauo ia? iaeacaiey;
a-o?aoueeo – oo?ao iacia/aaony, eae i?aaeei, ca i?anooieaiey, naycaiiua
n iieo/aieai iaoa?eaeueiie auaiaeu eee i?e/eiaieai iaoa?eaeueiiai
oua?aa.
Eeoaiea i?aaa caieiaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua aeieaeiinoe eee caieiaoueny
ii?aaeaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth eae aeae oaieiaiiai iaeacaiey ninoieo a
cai?auaiee caieiaoue aeieaeiinoe ia ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeaa, a i?aaiao
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, eeai caieiaoueny ii?aaeaeaiiie
i?ioanneiiaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoueth eee eaeie-eeai eiie ( no. 47 OE). A
ea/anoaa aeiiieieoaeueiiai yoi iaeacaiea iacia/aaony ia n?ie io oanoe
ianyoeaa aei o?ao eao. A ioee/ea io oo?aoa, ?anniao?eaaaiia iaeacaiea
iiaeao iacia/aoueny a ea/anoaa aeiiieieoaeueiiai e a neo/ayo, eiaaea iii
ia oeacaii a niioaaonoaothuae noaouea Iniaaiiie /anoe OE. Noae, iacia/ea
iniiaiia iaeacaiea oneiaii e i?eciaa iaaiciiaeiui nio?aieoue ca aeiiaiui
eeoeii i?aai caieiaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua aeieaeiinoe eee caieiaoueny
ii?aaeaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth, iiaeao iacia/eoue aeaiiia iaeacaiea a
ea/anoaa aeiiieieoaeueiiai. Oae, iai?eia?, e eeoeo, oneiaii
inoaeaeaiiiio ca i?anooieaiea ii /. 1 no. 263 OE «Ia?ooaiea i?aaee
aaciianiinoe aeaeaeaiey e yenieoaoaoeee aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai, aicaeooiiai
eee aiaeiiai o?ainii?oa», aiieia iainiiaaiiui aoaeao iacia/aiea noaeii,
a ea/anoaa aeiiieieoaeueiiai, aeaiiiai aeaea iaeacaiey. I?eiaiaiea
?anniao?eaaaiiai iaeacaiey auiieiyao aaaeioth i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueioth
ooieoeeth, inoaeaeaiiue ia eiaao aieueoa aiciiaeiinoe niaa?oaoue
i?anooiiua aeaenoaey, naycaiiua n aeieaeiinoueth eee i?ioanneae. I?e
oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee n?ie aeaiiiai aeaea iaeacaiey ia/eiaao oa/ue n
iiiaioa anooieaiey i?eaiai?a noaea a caeiiioth neeo. Ia yoii aiai?eony a
Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea NNN? io 26 ai?aey 1984 a. ? 2 «I
iaeioi?uo aii?inao, aicieeoeo a noaeaaiie i?aeoeea i?e i?eiaiaiee Oeacia
I?aceaeeoia Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN? io 26 ethey 1982 a. «I aeaeueiaeoai
niaa?oainoaiaaiee oaieiaiiai e eni?aaeoaeueii-o?oaeiaiai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa». A yoii aea Iinoaiiaeaiee a ioieoa 12 aiai?eony, /oi
anee n?ie aeiiieieoaeueiiai iaeacaiey i?aauoaao eniuoaoaeueiue n?ie i?e
oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee, oi n?ie iiaaoaiey noaeeiinoe o oaeeo eeoe
en/eneyaony ni aeiy ioauoey eie aeiiieieoaeueiiai iaeacaiey.
*oi aea eanaaony o?aoueaai aeaea iaeacaiey, eioi?ue iiaeao auoue
iacia/ai a ea/anoaa aeiiieieoaeueiiai i?e oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee, oi ooo
neooaoeey neaaeothuay. Ia iniiaaiee no. 48 OE noae iiaeao eeoeoue
niaoeeaeueiiai, aieineiai eee ii/aoiiai caaiey, eeanniiai /eia e
ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaa?aae eeoei, inoaeaeaiiia ca niaa?oaiea oyaeeiai eee
iniai oyaeeiai i?anooieaiey n o/aoii ee/iinoe aeiiaiiai. Ii a
Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea NNN? io 04 ia?oa 1961 a. ? 1 «I
noaeaaiie i?aeoeea ii i?eiaiaieth oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey» neacaii, /oi
«…oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea, eae i?aaeei, ia aeieaeii i?eiaiyoueny e
eeoeai, aeiiaiui a niaa?oaiee oyaeeeo i?anooieaiee». Eae aeaeii, caeanue
iaia?oaeeaaaony ianiioaaonoaea. A aeaeaa, a yoii aea Iinoaiiaeaiee,
aiai?eony: «Noae iiaeao i?eiaiyoue oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea e ioaeaeueiui
o/anoieeai oaeeo i?anooieaiee (oyaeeeo) eeoue a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea
onoaiiaeaia aoi?inoaiaiiay ?ieue yoeo eeoe, a oaeaea anee aeaiiua,
oa?aeoa?ecothuea ee/iinoue aeiiaiiai e ianoiyoaeuenoaa, i?e eioi?uo
niaa?oaii i?anooieaiea, aeatho iniiaaiea n/eoaoue iaoeaeaniia?aciie
ecieyoeeth inoaeaeaiiiai io iauanoaa». Neaaeiaaoaeueii, anee a ioiioaiee
oeacaiiuo eeoe i?eiaiyaony oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea, oi a ea/anoaa
aeiiieieoaeueiiai iaeacaiey noae iiaeao iacia/eoue eeoaiea
niaoeeaeueiiai, aieineiai eee ii/aoiiai caaiey, eeanniiai /eia e
ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaa?aae.
A /. 3 no. 73 OE neacaii, /oi i?e iacia/aiee oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey noae
onoaiaaeeaaao eniuoaoaeueiue n?ie, a oa/aiee eioi?iai oneiaii
inoaeaeaiiue aeieaeai naiei iiaaaeaieai aeieacaoue naia eni?aaeaiea.
Onoaiiaeaiea eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea noaeii i?e oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee
yaeyaony iaycaoaeueiui o?aaiaaieai oaieiaiiai caeiia, e,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, i?eiaiaiea oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey aac iacia/aiey
eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea ia aeiioneaaony.
Eniuoaoaeueiue n?ie onoaiaaeeaaaony noaeii aeey i?iaa?ee i?aaeeueiinoe
aai ?aoaiey i ?aaeueiii iai?eiaiaiee iacia/aiiiai iaeacaiey, aeey
i?iaaaeaiey n aeiiaiui niaoeeaeueiie ainieoaoaeueiie ?aaiou, aeey
ieacaiey i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiiai aicaeaenoaey ia inoaeaeaiiiai.
I?aaeaeu eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea i?e oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee
aeeooa?aioee?othony a caaeneiinoe io aeaea e ?acia?a iaeacaiey, eioi?ia
noae iinoaiiaeyao n/eoaoue oneiaiui. A /. 3 no. 73 OE aiai?eony, /oi, a
neo/aa iacia/aiey eeoaiey naiaiaeu ia n?ie aei iaeiiai aiaea eee aieaa
iyaeiai aeaea iaeacaiey eniuoaoaeueiue n?ie aeieaeai auoue ia iaiaa
oanoe ianyoeaa e ia aieaa o?ao eao, a a neo/aa iacia/aiey eeoaiey
naiaiaeu ia n?ie nauoa iaeiiai aiaea – ia iaiaa oanoe ianyoeaa e ia
aieaa iyoe eao. Cia/eo, noae i?e iacia/aiee eni?aaeoaeueiuo ?aaio,
ia?aie/aiey ii aiaiiie neoaeaa, ia?aie/aiey naiaiaeu, niaea?aeaiey a
aeenoeeieeia?iie aieineie /anoe eee eeoaiey naiaiaeu ia n?ie aei iaeiiai
aiaea, eniuoaoaeueiue n?ie onoaiaaeeaaao a i?aaeaeao io oanoe ianyoeaa
aei o?ao eao. I?e oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee e eeoaieth naiaiaeu ia n?ie nauoa
iaeiiai aiaea – eniuoaoaeueiue n?ie onoaiaaeeaaaony ia n?ie io oanoe
ianyoeaa aei iyoe eao.
A niioaaonoaee n /. 7 no. 73 OE a oa/aiea eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea noae ii
i?aaenoaaeaieth i?aaia, inouanoaeythuaai eiio?ieue ca iiaaaeaieai
oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiai, iiaeao ioiaieoue iieiinoueth eee /anoe/ii, eeai
aeiiieieoue ?aiaa onoaiiaeaiiua aeey inoaeaeaiiiai iaycaiiinoe.
Ii enoa/aiee eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea, anee inoaeaeaiiue auiieiee
i?aaeienaiey i?eaiai?a noaea, aai noaeeiinoue ca aeaiiia i?anooieaiea
(ca eioi?ia ii aue inoaeaeai oneiaii) iiaaoaaony (i. «a» /. 3 no. 86
OE).
Aeey iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey noaeu iinea iaeaoaiey
i?eaiai?a ?acuyniytho iiaenoaeeiiio nouiinoue oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey e
cia/aiea eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea. Oae, a Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai
Noaea NNN? io 04 ia?oa 1961 a. ? 1 «I noaeaaiie i?aeoeea ii i?eiaiaieth
oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey» aiai?eony, /oi i?e i?eiaiaiee oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey i?aaenaaeaoaeuenoaothuee a noaeaaiii canaaeaiee iinea
i?iaicaeaoaiey i?eaiai?a aeieaeai ?acuynieoue oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiio
cia/aiea eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea e i?aaeoi?aaeeoue i iineaaenoaeyo
niaa?oaiey ei a oa/aiea eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea iiaiai i?anooieaiey eee
nenoaiaoe/aneeo ia?ooaiee iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea.
3. IAssCAIIINOE, AICEAAAAIUA IA ONEIAII INOAEAeAIIIAI A OA*AIEA
ENIUOAOAEUeIIAI N?IEA. I?AAIU, INOUANOAEssTHUEA EIIO?IEUe CA IIAAAeAIEAI
ONEIAII INOAEAeAIIIAI.
A niioaaonoaee n /. 5 no. 73 OE noae, iacia/ay oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea,
iiaeao aiceiaeeoue ia oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiai eniieiaiea ii?aaeaeaiiuo
iaycaiiinoae: ia iaiyoue iinoiyiiiai ianoa aeeoaeuenoaa, ?aaiou, o/aau
aac oaaaeiieaiey niaoeeaeece?iaaiiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?aaia,
inouanoaeythuaai eni?aaeaiea inoaeaeaiiiai, ia iinauaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua
ianoa, i?ieoe eo?n ea/aiey io aeeiaieecia, ia?eiiaiee, oieneeiiaiee eee
aaia?e/aneiai caaieaaaiey, inouanoaeyoue iaoa?eaeueioth iiaeaea?aeeo
naiuee. Noae iiaeao aiceiaeeoue ia oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiai eniieiaiea e
ae?oaeo iaycaiiinoae, niinianoaothueo aai eni?aaeaieth (iai?eia?,
iaycaoue inoaeaeaiiiai a ii?aaeaeaiiue n?ie ono?aieoue i?e/eiaiiue
i?anooieaieai eiouanoaaiiue a?aae).
Ii?aaeaeaiiua iaycaiiinoe, aiceaaaaiua noaeii ia eeoe, e eioi?ui
i?eiaiaii oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea, e?iia oiai, /oi iie niinianoaotho
eni?aaeaieth inoaeaeaiiiai, oaeaea iiiiaatho niaoeeaeece?iaaiiui
ainoaea?noaaiiui i?aaiai inouanoaeyoue eiio?ieue iaae oaeeie eeoeaie
(iai?eia?, ia iaiyoue aac oaaaeiieaiey ianoi iinoiyiiiai aeeoaeuenoaa,
?aaiou, o/aau), ono?aiytho i?e/eiu, eioi?ua aeaaii?eyonoaotho
niaa?oaieth i?anooieaiee (i?ieoe eo?n ea/aiey io aeeiaieecia,
ia?eiiaiee, oieneeiiaiee), i?eaiaeyo e oi?aeanoao i?aanoaaiiuo
i?eioeeiia (iai?eia?, inouanoaeyoue iaoa?eaeueioth iiaeaea?aeeo naiuee).
Niaeanii /. 6 no. 73 OE eiio?ieue ca iiaaaeaieai oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiai
inouanoaeyaony oiieiiii/aiiui ia oi niaoeeaeece?iaaiiui ainoaea?noaaiiui
i?aaiii, a a ioiioaiee aiaiiineoaeaueo – eiiaiaeiaaieai aieineeo /anoae
e o/?aaeaeaiee. Ii?yaeie inouanoaeaiey eiio?iey ca iiaaaeaieai oneiaii
inoaeaeaiiiai, onoaiiaeaiiiai a /. 6 no. 73 OE, ?aaeaiaioe?oaony a
oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. Aeaaa 24 ?acaeaea VIII
Oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiiai eiaeaena ?O ?aaeaiaioe?oao inouanoaeaiea
eiio?iey ca iiaaaeaieai oneiaii inoaeaeaiiuo.
A /. 1 no. 187 OEE ii?aaeaeaii, /oi eiio?ieue ca iiaaaeaieai oneiaii
inoaeaeaiiiai a oa/aiea eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea inouanoaeyaony
oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiuie einiaeoeeyie ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa oneiaii
inoaeaeaiiiai, a a ioiioaiee oneiaii inoaeaeaiiuo aiaiiineoaeaueo –
eiiaiaeiaaieai eo aieineeo /anoae.
Iinoaiiaeaieai I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?O io 16 ethiy 1997 a. ? 729 ooaa?aeaeaii
«Iieiaeaiea ia oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiuo einiaeoeeyo». A iai aiai?eony,
/oi oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiua einiaeoeee yaeythony o/?aaeaeaieyie,
eniieiythueie a niioaaonoaee n OEE ?O oaieiaiua iaeacaiey a ioiioaiee
eeoe, inoaeaeaiiuo aac ecieyoeee io iauanoaa. A naiae aeayoaeueiinoe
aeaiiua einiaeoeee ?oeiaiaenoaothony Eiinoeoooeeae ?O, oaaea?aeueiuie
caeiiaie, oeacaie e ?anii?yaeaieyie I?aceaeaioa ?O, iinoaiiaeaieyie e
?anii?yaeaieyie I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?O, eiuie ii?iaoeaiuie i?aaiauie aeoaie e
iacaaiiui auoa Iieiaeaieai.
Ii?yaeie nicaeaiey einiaeoeee e ii?aaeaeaiey eo
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaiai noaoona onoaiaaeeaaaony IAAe ?O.
A /. 2 no. 187 OEE oaeaea aiai?eony, /oi a ii?yaeea, i?aaeoniio?aiiii
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii ?O, e inouanoaeaieth eiio?iey ca iiaaaeaieai oneiaii
inoaeaeaiiuo i?eaeaeathony ?aaioieee ae?oaeo neoaea i?aaiia aioo?aiieo
aeae.
A /. 1 no. 188 OEE ?O ii?aaeaeaii, /oi oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiua
einiaeoeee inouanoaeytho ia?niiaeueiue o/ao oneiaii inoaeaeaiiuo a
oa/aiee eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea, eiio?iee?otho n o/anoeai ?aaioieeia
ae?oaeo neoaea i?aaiia aioo?aiieo aeae niaethaeaiea oneiaii
inoaeaeaiiuie iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea e eniieiaiea eie aiceiaeaiiuo
noaeii iaycaiiinoae. I?e iacia/aiee oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiio a ea/anoaa
aeiiieieoaeueiiai iaeacaiey eeoaiey i?aaa caieiaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua
aeieaeiinoe eee caieiaoueny ii?aaeaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth
oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiay einiaeoeey a iieiii iauaia inouanoaeyao
ia?ii?eyoey, i?aaeoniio?aiiua no.no. 33-38 OEE, a eiaiii: aeaiiua
einiaeoeee aaaeoo o/ao inoaeaeaiiuo; eiio?iee?otho niaethaeaiea
inoaeaeaiiuie i?aaeoniio?aiiiai i?eaiai?ii noaea cai?aoa caieiaoue
ii?aaeaeaiiua aeieaeiinoe eee caieiaoueny ii?aaeaeaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoueth; i?iaa?ytho eniieiaiea o?aaiaaiee i?eaiai?a
aaeieieno?aoeeae i?aaiecaoeee, a eioi?uo ?aaioatho inoaeaeaiiua, a
oaeaea i?aaiaie, i?aaiii/iuie aiioee?iaaoue ?ac?aoaiea ia caiyoea
ii?aaeaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth, cai?auaiiie inoaeaeaiiui; i?aaiecotho
i?iaaaeaiea n inoaeaeaiiuie ainieoaoaeueiie ?aaiou. Aaeieieno?aoeey
o/?aaeaeaiey ia iiaeao i?eaea/ue oaeia eeoei e ?aaioai, auiieiaiea
eioi?uo aio cai?auaii. A neo/aa i?ecuaa eee iinooieaiey inoaeaeaiiuo ia
aiaiioth neoaeao eee eo iinooieaiey ia aeueoa?iaoeaioth a?aaeaeaineoth
neoaeao oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiua einiaeoeee iai?aaeytho a aiaiiue
eiienna?eao eee ii ianoo neoaeau inoaeaeaiiiai eiieth i?eaiai?a noaea
aeey eniieiaiey aeaiiiai iaeacaiey i?e i?ioiaeaeaiee neoaeau.
No. 34 OEE ?O onoaiaaeeaaao iaycaiiinoe aaeieieno?aoeee i?aaiecaoeee, a
eioi?uo ?aaioatho inoaeaeaiiua. O?aaiaaiey i?eaiai?a i eeoaiee i?aaa
caieiaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua aeieaeiinoe eee caieiaoueny ii?aaeaeaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoueth iaycaoaeueiu aeey aaeieieno?aoeee i?aaiecaoeee, a
eioi?ie ?aaioaao inoaeaeaiiue. Aaeieieno?aoeey i?e yoii iaycaia:
a) ia iicaeiaa o?ao aeiae iinea iieo/aiey eiiee i?eaiai?a noaea e
ecaauaiee oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiie einiaeoeee inaiaiaeeoue inoaeaeaiiiai
io aeieaeiinoe, eioi?oth ii eeoai i?aaa caieiaoue, eee cai?aoeoue
caieiaoueny ii?aaeaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth, iai?aaeoue a aeaiioth
einiaeoeeth niiauaiea ia eniieiaiee o?aaiaaiee i?eaiai?a;
a) i?aaenoaaeyoue ii o?aaiaaieth einiaeoeee aeieoiaiou, naycaiiua n
eniieiaieai iaeacaiey;
a) a neo/aa eciaiaiey eee i?ae?auaiey o?oaeiaiai aeiaiai?a n
inoaeaeaiiui a 3-aeiaaiue n?ie niiaueoue ia yoii a einiaeoeeth;
a) a neo/aa oaieueiaiey ec i?aaiecaoeee inoaeaeaiiiai, ia ioauaoaai
iaeacaiea, aianoe a aai o?oaeiaoth eieaeeo caienue i oii, ia eaeii
iniiaaiee, ia eaeie n?ie e eaeoth aeieaeiinoue ii eeoai i?aaa caieiaoue
eee eaeie aeayoaeueiinoueth eeoai i?aaa caieiaoueny.
A no. 37 OEE ?O aiai?eony, /oi eeoea inoaeaeaiiua e eeoaieth i?aaa
caieiaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua aeieaeiinoe eee caieiaoueny ii?aaeaeaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoueth iaycaiu eniieiyoue o?aaiaaiey i?eaiai?a,
i?aaenoaaeyoue ii o?aaiaaieth oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiie einiaeoeee
aeieoiaiou, naycaiiua n ioauaaieai oeacaiiiai iaeacaiey, niiauaoue a
einiaeoeeth i ianoa ?aaiou, aai eciaiaiee eee ia oaieueiaiee n ?aaiou.
A /. 3 no. 188 OEE ii?aaeaeaii, /oi a neo/aa i?ecuaa oneiaii
inoaeaeaiiiai ia aiaiioth neoaeao a aiaiiue eiienna?eao iai?aaeyaony
eiiey i?eaiai?a noaea, a a iaiaoiaeeiuo neo/ayo e eiua aeieoiaiou,
o?aaothueany aeey inouanoaeaiey eiio?iey ca iiaaaeaieai oneiaii
inoaeaeaiiiai ii ianoo i?ioiaeaeaiey neoaeau. Eiiaiaeiaaiea aieineie
/anoe iaycaii niiaueoue a 10-aeiaaiue n?ie a oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueioth
einiaeoeeth i iinoaiiaea oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiai ia o/ao, a ii ieii/aiee
neoaeau – i aai oauoee ec aieineie /anoe.
Oneiaii inoaeaeaiiua iaycaiu io/eouaaoueny ia?aae
oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiie einiaeoeeae e eiiaiaeiaaieai aieineie /anoe i
naiai iiaaaeaiee, eniieiaiee aiceiaeaiiuo ia ieo noaeii iaycaiiinoae,
yaeyoueny ii auciao a einiaeoeeth. I?e iayaea aac oaaaeeoaeueiie i?e/eiu
oneiaii inoaeaeaiiue iiaeao auoue iiaeaa?aioo i?eaiaeo ( /. 4 no. 188
OEE ?O).
A neo/aa oeeiiaiey oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiai io eiio?iey ca aai iiaaaeaieai,
oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiay einiaeoeey i?iaiaeeo ia?aiia/aeueiua
ia?ii?eyoey ii onoaiiaeaieth aai ianoa iaoiaeaeaiey e i?e/ei oeeiiaiey (
/. 5 no. 188 OEE ?O).
A no. 189 OEE ?O ii?aaeaeaii en/eneaiea eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea. Ii
en/eneyaony n iiiaioa anooieaiey i?eaiai?a noaea a caeiiioth neeo. Ii
enoa/aiee eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea eiio?ieue ca iiaaaeaieai oneiaii
inoaeaeaiiiai i?ae?auaaony e ii nieiaaony n o/aoa
oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiie einiaeoeee.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi ?aiaa a Oaieiaiii eiaeaena ?NON? 1960 aiaea a
no. 44 onoaiaaeeaaeinue, /oi noae, o/eouaay ianoiyoaeuenoaa aeaea,
ee/iinoue aeiiaiiai, a oaeaea oiaeaoaenoaa iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee eee
eieeaeoeaa ?aai/eo, neoaeaueo, eieoicieeia ii ianoo ?aaiou aeiiaiiai i
aai oneiaiii inoaeaeaiee, iiaeao ia?aaeaoue oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiai yoei
i?aaiecaoeeyi eee eieeaeoeao aeey ia?aainieoaiey e eni?aaeaiey. Aeaiiay
noaouey, iiieii yoiai, i?aaeoniao?eaaea aiciiaeiinoue aiceiaeaiey ia
ii?aaeaeaiiua eieeaeoeau o?oaeyueony eee aeaaea ia ioaeaeueiua eeoea n
eo niaeaney iaycaiiinoue ii iaaethaeaieth ca oneiaii inoaeaeaiiuie e
i?iaaaeaieth n ieie ainieoaoaeueiie ?aaiou i?e ionoonoaee oeacaiiuo
oiaeaoaenoa.
A aeaenoaothuai Oaieiaiii eiaeaena i?yii i ?iee iauanoaaiiuo
i?aaiecaoeee, eieeaeoeaia ?aai/eo, neoaeaueo e eieoicieeia ie/aai ia
neacaii, oioy noae, i?e auyniaiee aeaiiuo i ee/iinoe aeiiaiiai, eiia/ii
aea, ia?auaaony a oa i?aaiecaoeee e eieeaeoeau, a eioi?uo ninoiyei
eeoei, niaa?oeaoaa i?anooieaiea.
4. IOIAIA ONEIAIIAI INOAEAeAIEss EEE I?IAeEAIEA ENIUOAOAEUeIIAI N?IEA.
Ioiaia e i?iaeeaiea oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey i?aaeoniio?aiu no. 74 OE. A
iae oeacaiu /aou?a iniiaaiey ioiaiu oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey, ec ieo iaeii
iieiaeeoaeueiia, e iaeii iniiaaiea aeey aai i?iaeeaiey.
*. 1 no. 74 OE niaea?aeeo iieiaeeoaeueiia iniiaaiea ioiaiu oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey, i?aaeoniao?eaay aai aein?i/ioth ioiaio, icia/athuoth
aein?i/iia niyoea noaeeiinoe. A iae aiai?eony, /oi anee aei enoa/aiey
eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea oneiaii inoaeaeaiiue naiei iiaaaeaieai aeieacae
naia eni?aaeaiea, noae ii i?aaenoaaeaieth i?aaia, inouanoaeythuaai
eiio?ieue ca iiaaaeaieai oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiai, iiaeao iinoaiiaeoue ia
ioiaia oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey e i niyoee n inoaeaeaiiiai noaeeiinoe. I?e
yoii oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea iiaeao auoue ioiaiaii ii enoa/aiee ia iaiaa
iieiaeiu onoaiiaeaiiiai eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, aeey oiai, /oiau noae iia ioiaieoue oneiaiia
inoaeaeaiea e niyoue n inoaeaeaiiiai noaeeiinoue, o?aaoaony iaee/ea
ii?aaeaeaiiuo oaeoi?ia. Ai-ia?auo, oneiaii inoaeaeaiiue aeieaeai naiei
iiaaaeaieai aeieacaoue naia eni?aaeaiea e aeieacaoue oaaaeeoaeueii aua
aei ieii/aiey eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea. Ai-aoi?uo, oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiay
einiaeoeey, eioi?ay inouanoaeyao eiio?ieue ca oneiaii inoaeaeaiiui, ia
iniiaa aeaiiuo i iai, aeieaeia naeaeaoue i?aaenoaaeaiea a noae ia ioiaia
oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey. A-o?aoueeo, oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea iiaeao auoue
ioiaiaii oieueei ii enoa/aiee ia iaiaa iieiaeiu onoaiiaeaiiiai
eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea.
A /. 2 no. 74 OE i?aaeoniao?eaaaony i?iaeeaiea noaeii eniuoaoaeueiiai
n?iea i?e oneiaeyo, oeacaiiuo a yoie /anoe noaouee OE, a eiaiii, anee
oneiaii inoaeaeaiiue oeeiieeny io eniieiaiey aiceiaeaiiuo ia iaai noaeii
iaycaiiinoae eee niaa?oee ia?ooaiea iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea, ca eioi?ia
ia iaai auei iaeiaeaii aaeieieno?aoeaiia acuneaiea. A yoii neo/aa noae
ii i?aaenoaaeaieth oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiie einiaeoeee iiaeao i?iaeeeoue
eniuoaoaeueiue n?ie, ii ia aieaa /ai ia iaeei aiae.
Iaycaiiinoe, aiceaaaaiua noaeii ia oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiai, oeacaiu a /. 5
no. 73 OE: ia iaiyoue iinoiyiiiai ianoa aeeoaeuenoaa, ?aaiou, o/aau aac
oaaaeiieaiey oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiie einiaeoeee, ia iinauaoue
ii?aaeaeaiiua ianoa, i?ieoe eo?n ea/aiey io aeeiaieecia, ia?eiiaiee,
oieneeiiaiee eee aaia?e/aneiai caaieaaaiey, inouanoaeyoue iaoa?eaeueioth
iiaeaea?aeeo naiuee. I?e yoii aeaiiue ia?a/aiue iaycaiiinoae ia yaeyaony
en/a?iuaathuei, oae eae aeaeaa a /. 5 no. 73 OE aiai?eony, /oi noae
iiaeao aiceiaeeoue ia oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiai eniieiaiea e ae?oaeo
iaycaiiinoae, niinianoaothueo aai eni?aaeaieth. Aieaa oiai, a /. 4 no.
188 OEE ?O neacaii, /oi oneiaii inoaeaeaiiue iaycai io/eouaaoueny ia?aae
oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiie einiaeoeeae i naiai iiaaaeaiee, eniieiaiee
aiceiaeaiiuo ia iaai noaeii iaycaiiinoae, yaeyoueny ii auciao a
einiaeoeeth.
E ia?ooaieyi iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea, iiaouei iiaea/ue ca niaie
i?iaeeaiea noaeii eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea, aeieaeiu ioiineoueny oa,
eioi?ua naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i iaaeaeaiee inoaeaeaiiiai anoaoue ia iooue
eni?aaeaiey (iai?eia?, iaeeia ooeeaainoai, ceinoiia iaiiaeiiaaiea
caeiiiiio ?anii?yaeaieth eee o?aaiaaieth ?aaioieea ieeeoeee e o. i.).
I?e iaee/ee aeinoaoi/iuo iniiaaiee oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiie einiaeoeeae
a noae iai?aaeyaony i?aaenoaaeaiea i i?iaeeaiee eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea.
Ia iniiaaiee anaai neacaiiiai auoa noae iiaeao i?iaeeeoue eniuoaoaeueiue
n?ie, ii ia aieaa /ai ia iaeei aiae.
A neo/aa nenoaiaoe/aneiai eee ceinoiiai iaeniieiaiey inoaeaeaiiui a
oa/aiee eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea aiceiaeaiiuo ia iaai noaeii iaycaiiinoae
noae a niioaaonoaee n /. 3 no. 74 OE iinoaiiaeyao ia ioiaia oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey e eniieiaiee iaeacaiey, iacia/aiiiai i?eaiai?ii. A
Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea NNN? io 26 ai?aey 1984 aiaea ? 2,
i?eaiaeeiii iiie oaea a yoie ?aaioa, oeacuaaaony, /oi a neo/aa, eiaaea
iiaiaeii aeey ?anniio?aiey aii?ina i iai?aaeaiee oneiaii inoaeaeaiiiai
aeey ioauaaiey iacia/aiiiai i?eaiai?ii iaeacaiey yaeeenue aeiiouaiiua ei
ia?ooaiey, noae aeieaeai auynieoue, a /ai iie caeeth/aeenue. I?e yoii
neaaeoao eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi iniiaaieai aeey ioiaiu oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey iiaoo yaeyoueny oaeea ia?ooaiey, oa?aeoa? eioi?uo
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oii, /oi inoaeaeaiiue naiei iiaaaeaieai, ioiioaieai
e o?oaeo ia ii?aaaeae ieacaiiiai aio aeiaa?ey (iaeeia ooeeaainoai,
?anieoea nie?oiuo iaieoeia a iauanoaaiiuo ianoao eeai nenoaiaoe/aneia
ia?ooaiea o?oaeiaie aeenoeeieeiu e o. i.).
Iiae nenoaiaoe/aneei iaeniieiaieai iiieiaaony iaeniieiaiea o?e ?aca e
aieaa iaycaiiinoae, aiceiaeaiiuo ia inoaeaeaiiiai a oa/aiee
eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea. Ceinoiia iaeniieiaiea inoaeaeaiiui oeacaiiuo
iaycaiiinoae i?aaeiieaaaao oii?iia iaaeaeaiea inoaeaeaiiiai anoaoue ia
iooue eni?aaeaiey, /oi iiaeao, iai?eia?, i?iyaeyoueny a au?aaeaiee ei
yaiiai iaoaaaeaiey noaea eee oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiie einiaeoeee. A
Oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiii eiaeaena ?O oaeaea eiie?aoece?othony iieiaeaiey
/. 3 no. 74 OE. Oae a /. 4 no. 190 OEE ii?aaeaeaii, /oi a neo/aa
nenoaiaoe/aneiai eee ceinoiiai iaeniieiaiey oneiaii inoaeaeaiiui a
oa/aiee eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea aiceiaeaiiuo ia iaai noaeii iaycaiiinoae
eeai anee oneiaii inoaeaeaiiue ne?ueny io eiio?iey, ia/aeueiee
oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiie einiaeoeee iai?aaeyao a noae i?aaenoaaeaiea ia
ioiaia oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey e eniieiaiee iaeacaiey, iacia/aiiiai
i?eaiai?ii noaea. Oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiue eiaeaen i?eciaao
nenoaiaoe/aneei iaeniieiaieai iaycaiiinoae niaa?oaiea cai?auaiiuo
aeaenoaee eee iaauiieiaiea i?aaeienaiee oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiie
einiaeoeee oneiaii inoaeaeaiiui aieaa aeaoo ?ac a oa/aiee aiaea eeai
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiia (aieaa 30 aeiae) iaeniieiaiea iaycaiiinoae,
aiceiaeaiiuo ia iaai noaeii (/. 5 no. 190 OEE). Ne?uaathueiny io
eiio?iey i?eciaaony oneiaii inoaeaeaiiue, ianoi iaoiaeaeaiey eioi?iai ia
onoaiiaeaii a oa/aiee aieaa 30 aeiae (/. 6 no. 190 OEE).
Anee a oa/aiee eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea oneiaii inoaeaeaiiue niaa?oeo
iainoi?iaeiia i?anooieaiea eeai oiuoeaiiia i?anooieaiea iaaieueoie
oyaeanoe, oi noae niaeanii /. 4 no. 74 OE aeieaeai ?aoaoue aii?in ia
ioiaia eee nio?aiaiee oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey. Ia iniiaaiee no. 26 OE
i?anooieaieai, niaa?oaiiui ii iainoi?iaeiinoe, i?eciaaony aeayiea,
niaa?oaiiia ii eaaeiiuneeth eee iaa?aaeiinoe. Oiuoeaiiui i?anooieaieai
iaaieueoie oyaeanoe ia iniiaaiee /. 2 no. 15 OE i?eciaaony oiuoeaiiia
aeayiea, ca niaa?oaiea eioi?iai iaeneiaeueiia iaeacaiea,
i?aaeoniio?aiiia ianoiyuei Eiaeaenii, ia i?aauoaao aeaoo eao eeoaiey
naiaiaeu. Anee noae i?eoiaeeo e auaiaeo ia ioiaia oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey,
oi iaeacaiea inoaeaeaiiiio iacia/aaony ii niaieoiiinoe i?eaiai?ia
(ia?aiai e aoi?iai), ii i?aaeeai, onoaiiaeaiiui a no. 70 OE.
A neo/aa niaa?oaiey oneiaii inoaeaeaiiui a oa/aiee eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea
oiuoeaiiiai i?anooieaiey n?aaeiae oyaeanoe, oiuoeaiiiai oyaeeiai eee
iniai oyaeeiai i?anooieaiey noae ioiaiyao oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea e
iacia/aao aio iaeacaiea ii i?aaeeai, i?aaeoniio?aiiui no. 70 OE, a
eioi?ie aiai?eony i iacia/aiee iaeacaiey ii niaieoiiinoe i?eaiai?ia. I?e
iacia/aiee iaeacaiey ii niaieoiiinoe i?eaiai?ia e iaeacaieth,
iacia/aiiiio ii iineaaeiaio i?eaiai?o noaea, /anoe/ii eee iieiinoueth
i?eniaaeeiyaony ia ioauoay /anoue iaeacaiey ii i?aaeuaeouaio i?eaiai?o
noaea.
CAAeA*A ? 1.
A aeaiiii neo/aa noae iinooiee iai?aaeeueii, oae eae Aeuiia inoaeaeai ii
/. 1 no. 105 OE ?O 1996 a. A iae aiai?eony, /oi oaeenoai, oi anoue
oiuoeaiiia i?e/eiaiea nia?oe ae?oaiio /aeiaaeo, – iaeacuaaaony eeoaieai
naiaiaeu ia n?ie io oanoe aei iyoiaaeoeaoe eao. Ia iniiaaiee no. 15 OE,
i?anooieaiea, eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiia ii /. 1 no. 105 OE, ioiineony e
eaoaai?ee iniai oyaeeeo i?anooieaiee. A Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai
Noaea NNN? io 04 ia?oa 1961 aiaea ? 1 «I noaeaaiie i?aeoeea ii
i?eiaiaieth oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey» aiai?eony: «Oeacaoue noaeai, /oi
oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea, eae i?aaeei, ia aeieaeii i?eiaiyoueny e eeoeai,
aeiiaiui a niaa?oaiee oyaeeeo i?anooieaiee».
Aeuiiao noaeii iacia/aii iaeacaiea ieaea iecoaai i?aaeaea, /ai
i?aaeoniio?aii /. 1 no. 105 OE, oi anoue iyoue eao, ia iniiaaiee no. 64
OE. A ea/anoaa ianoiyoaeuenoaa niya/athuaai iaeacaiea, noae, ii
aeaeeiiio, i?eciae, a niioaaonoaee n i. «3» /. 1 no. 61 OE,
i?ioeaii?aaiinoue eee aii?aeueiinoue iiaaaeaiey iioa?iaaoaai yaeaoaany
iiaiaeii aeey i?anooieaiey, ii i?eiaiaiea e Aeuiiao noaeii oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey, o/eouaay ana ianoiyoaeuenoaa aeaea, aoaeao ia i?aaeeueiui.
CAAeA*A ? 2.
Naieoeey /. 1 no. 263 OE ?O 1996 a., ii eioi?ie inoaeaeai E?aa/aiei,
n?aaee ae?oaeo aeaeia iaeacaiey i?aaeoniao?eaaao e eeoaiea naiaiaeu ia
n?ie aei aeaoo eao n eeoaieai i?aaa caieiaoue ii?aaeaeaiiua aeieaeiinoe
eee caieiaoueny ii?aaeaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth ia n?ie aei o?ao eao eee
aac oaeiaiai. Ia iniiaaiee /. 2 no. 15 OE i?anooieaiea,
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiia ii /. 1 no. 263 OE, ioiineony e i?anooieaieyi
iaaieueoie oyaeanoe e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, e eeoeo, niaa?oeaoaio aeaiiia
i?anooieaiea, iiaeao auoue i?eiaiaii oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea a ii?yaeea no.
73 OE. I?e iacia/aiee oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey noae onoaiaaeeaaao
eniuoaoaeueiue n?ie, a oa/aiea eioi?iai oneiaii inoaeaeaiiue aeieaeai
naiei iiaaaeaieai aeieacaoue naia eni?aaeaiea (/. 3 no. 73 OE).
Onoaiiaeaiea eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea noaeii yaeyaony iaycaoaeueiui
o?aaiaaieai oaieiaiiai caeiia , e, cia/eo, i?eiaiaiea oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey aac iacia/aiey eniuoaoaeueiiai n?iea ia aeiioneaaony. A
aeaiiie caaea/a ie/aai ia aiai?eony i oii, /oi noae, i?eiaiea e
E?aa/aiei oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea, iacia/ee au aio eniuoaoaeueiue n?ie, a
yoi aoaeao iai?aaeeueiui.
*oi aea eanaaony aeiiieieoaeueiiai iaeacaiey, a eiaiii, eeoaiey i?aaa
caieiaoueny aeayoaeueiinoueth, naycaiiie n aeaeaeaieai
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai o?ainii?oa, oi iii aeieaeii auoue iacia/aii
?aaeueii, oae eae oneiaiiai iacia/aiey aeiiieieoaeueiuo iaeacaiee no. 73
OE ia i?aaeoniao?eaaao.
CAAeA*A ? 3.
A aeaiiii neo/aa auoanoiyuee noae, eciaieaoee i?eaiai? a ioiioaiee
Aanaiiaa, iinooiee ia i?aaeeueii, oae eae ii ia iiaeao iinoaiiaeoue
n/eoaoue /anoue ia ioauoiai eeoeii iaeacaiey oneiaiui.
Oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia aanue iacia/aiiue noaeii n?ie
iaeacaiey, a ia ia /anoue aai: iaeuecy iaeio /anoue iaeacaiey
ii?aaeaeeoue e ?aaeueiiio ioauaaieth, a ae?oaoth n/eoaoue oneiaiie.
NIENIE ENIIEUeCIAAIIIAI II?IAOEAIIAI IAOA?EAEA E EEOA?AOO?U.
Oaieiaiue eiaeaen ?O, i?eiyo 24 iay 1996 a., no.no. 7, 15, 43, 45, 47,
48, 50, 51, 53, 55, 56, 61, 63, 73, 74, 86.
Oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiue eiaeaen ?O, i?eiyo 18 aeaeaa?y 1996 a., no.no.
33-37, 188-190.
Iinoaiiaeaiea Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea NNN? io 04 ia?oa 1961 a. ? 1 (n
eciaiaieyie, aianaiiuie Iinoaiiaeaieyie Ieaioia ? 17 io 03 aeaeaa?y 1962
a., ? 12 io 04 aeaeaa?y 1969 a., ? 7 io 26 ai?aey 1984 a.) «I noaeaaiie
i?aeoeea ii i?eiaiaieth oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey» // Nai?iee Iinoaiiaeaiee
Ieaioiia Aa?oiaiuo Noaeia NNN? e ?NON? (?O) ii oaieiaiui aeaeai., I.,
ecae. «Nia?e», 1997 a., no?. 19-21.
Iinoaiiaeaiea Ieaioia Aa?oiaiiai Noaea NNN? io 26 ai?aey 1984 a. ? 2 (n
eciaiaieyie e aeiiieiaieyie, aianaiiuie Iinoaiiaeaieai Ieaioia ? 8 io 21
ethiy 1985 a.) «I iaeioi?uo aii?inao, aicieeoeo a noaeaaiie i?aeoeea i?e
i?eiaiaiee Oeacia I?aceaeeoia Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN? io 26 ethey 1982 a.
«I aeaeueiaeoai niaa?oainoaiaaiee oaieiaiiai e eni?aaeoaeueii-o?oaeiaiai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa» // Nai?iee Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioiia Aa?oiaiuo Noaeia
NNN? e ?NON? (?O) ii oaieiaiui aeaeai., I., ecae. «Nia?e», 1997 a., no?.
208-212.
Iieiaeaiea ia oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiie einiaeoeee, ooaa?aeaeaiiia
Iinoaiiaeaieai I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?O io 16 ethiy 1997 a. ? 729 //
«?inneeneay aacaoa» io 25 ethiy 1997 a.
Oaieiaiia i?aai ?O. Iauay /anoue. I., ecae. «TH?enou», 1996 a.
Nai?iee Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioiia Aa?oiaiuo Noaeia NNN? e ?NON? (?O) ii
oaieiaiui aeaeai. I., ecae. «Nia?e», 1997 a., no?. 20.
Ae. A. ?eaiai « I th?eaee/aneie i?e?iaea oneiaiiai inoaeaeaiey e
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Aanoiee EAO», 1965 a., ? 23, no?. 144.
Ni. I. E. sseoaiae/ « I i?aaiaie i?e?iaea einoeoooa oneiaiiai
inoaeaeaiey», I., «Niaaoneia ainoaea?noai e i?aai», 1946 a., ? 11-12,
no?. 77.
I. Ae. Oa?ai?iaeneee « Iaeacaiea ii niaaoneiio oaieiaiiio i?aao», I.,
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A. A. E?eaa? « Oneiaiia inoaeaeaiea e ?ieue iauanoaaiiinoe a aai
i?eiaiaiee», ecae. IAO, 1963 a., no?. 9.
Niaaoneia oaieiaiia i?aai. Iauay /anoue. Iiae ?aaeaeoeeae i?io. I. A.
Aaeyaaa, I., ecae. « TH?eaee/aneay eeoa?aoo?a», 1977 a., no?. 423.
A. Ae. Nieiaueaa « Aii?inu i?eiaiaiey iaeacaiey ii niaaoneiio
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Iiaeaeue Oaieiaii-eniieieoaeueiiai eiaeaena. I?eiyo ia VIII ieaia?iii
canaaeaiee Iaaeia?eaiaioneie Annaiaeae ainoaea?noa-o/anoieeia NIA 02
iiya?y 1996 a., I., 1997 a,
Nai?iee Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioiia Aa?oiaiuo Noaeia NNN? e ?NON? ( ?O) ii
oaieiaiui aeaeai, I., ecae. « Nia?e», 1997 a., no?. 19.
Nai?iee Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioiia Aa?oiaiuo Noaeia NNN? e ?NON? (?O) ii
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Atheeaoaiue Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O, ? 7, 1997 a., no?. 23.
Nai?iee Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioiia Aa?oiaiuo Noaeia NNN? e ?NON? ( ?O) ii
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Atheeaoaiue Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O., ? 5, 1997 a., no?. 10.
Atheeaoaiue Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O., ? 5, 1997 a., no?. 11.
Atheeaoaiue Aa?oiaiiai Noaea ?O, ? 3, 1997 a., no?. 11.
Nai?iee Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioiia Aa?oiaiuo Noaeia NNN? e ?NON? ( ?O) ii
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Nai?iee Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioiia Aa?oiaiuo Noaeia NNN? e ?NON? ( ?O) ii
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Nai?iee Iinoaiiaeaiee Ieaioiia Aa?oiaiuo Noaeia NNN? e ?NON? ( ?O) ii
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«?inneeneay aacaoa», io 25 ethiy 1997 a.
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