Iineianeee Ainoaea?noaaiiue Oieaa?neoao
ei. I. A. Eiiiiiniaa
Oaeoeueoao ineoieiaee
Eaoaae?a iauae ineoieiaee
?aoa?ao ia oaio:
“Caueoiua oi?iu aeueo?oecia”
Ei?iaaa Aeaenae
41 a?oiia
Iineaa
1999
A iaoae ?aaioa iu ?anniio?ei acaeyaeu ?acee/iuo aaoi?ia ia oae
iacuaaaiua caueoiua oi?iu aeueo?oecia. Aiiaua, aeueo?oeci iiaeii
ii?aaeaeeoue eae iiaaaeaiea, iai?aaeaiiia ia ae?oaia eeoei eee
nioeeaeueiia iauaaeeiaiea, e ia naycaiiia n eaeeie-eeai aiaoieie
iaa?aaeaie e iiiu?aieyie. A eiioaenoa i?aaeeiaeaiiie oaiu noaiiaeony
iniaaiii aeooaeai aii?in aioo?aiiaai ninoiyiey noauaeoa, aai iiaeeeiiie
i?eaioaoeee. Aaaeue ethaia (aeinoaoi/ii anoanoaaiiia) iaeeaeaiea
aeaaiaea?iinoe io oiai, eiio iu iiiiaaai, iiaeao auoue ?anoeaiaii eae
iaeeaeaiea iiiu?aiey, eioi?ia ianiaianoeii n iiiyoeai aeueo?oecia. E?iia
oiai, aiieia iiiyoii, /oi iiieii iiaeeeiiiai aeueo?oecia, eiaaea aiaoiaa
iiaaaeaiea niioaaonoaoao aioo?aiiei iaia?aieyi /aeiaaea, eiaaea
iioeaaoeey aeaenoaeoaeueii aeueo?oenoe/aneay, nouanoaoao iiiaeanoai oi?i
aiaoia aeueo?oenoe/aneiai iiaaaeaiey, aioo?aiiea iaoaieciu eioi?iai,
iaeiaei nianai ia niioaaonoaotho ii?aaeaeaieth aeueo?oecia. Oaeay
neooaoeey iiaeao i?iaioee?iaaoueny ?aciuie oaeoi?aie. ?anniao?eaay
?acee/iua iiceoeee ?acee/iuo aaoi?ia iu niiaeai oaeaeaoue, eae iie
?aoatho yoio aii?in. Oaeaea iiaeii aoaeao i?ineaaeeoue, eaeea acaeyaeu
nouanoaotho ia oeaee, eioi?ua ethaee iuoathony aeinoe/ue, eniieuecoy
caueoiua oi?iu aeueo?oecia. Neaaeoao n?aco iaiai?eoueny, /oi a iaoae
?aaioa aeueo?oenoe/aneia iiaaaeaiea, eioi?ia ii naiaio aioo?aiiaio
no?iaieth oaeiaui ia yaeyaony (o. a., anee n?aaieaaoue n ii?aaeaeaieai,
oi iii iniiaaii eeai ia i?yiii iaeeaeaiee iaa?aaeu eee iiiu?aiey (neo/ae
iaieioeyoeee), eeai aiaoiea iaa?aaeu ia eiatho oeaiiinoe, iaeiaei
/aeiaae aeaenoaoao, nei?aa “iiiiaay” naaa, iiaeieiay naith naiiioeaieo,
eiiiaine?oy nianoaaiiua i?iaeaiu e o. i.), iu aoaeai iacuaaoue
“aeueo?oenoe/aneei”, caeeth/ay aai a eaau/ee. Oaeaea iaiaoiaeeii
caiaoeoue, /oi aieueoay /anoue ?anniao?eaaaiuo ieaea aaoi?ia
i?eiaaeeaaeao e oeiea ineoiaiaeeca, a aa eeanne/aneie e aieaa iicaeieo
iiaeeoeeaoeeyo. Yoi aiieia iauyniyaii, oae eae nai oa?iei “caueoiua
iaoaieciu” aaiaeeony Ceaioiaeii O?aeaeii, iniiaaoaeai ineoiaiaeeca. Ii
aai ii?aaeaeaieth, caueoiua iaoaieciu, yoi niiniau caueo neaaiai ss. Ii
auaeaeee ianeieueei iniiaiuo oi?i caueoiuo iaoaieciia, oaeeo eae
i?iaeoeey, ?aoeeiiaeecaoeey, eaeaioeoeeaoeey, io?eoeaiea e ae?.
Aiia O?aeae, aei/ue iniiaiiieiaeieea ineoiaiaeeca C. O?aeaea, a naiae
?aaioa “Ineoieiaey “ss” e caueoiua iaoaieciu” oaeaea ?anniao?eaaao
aii?in aeueo?oecia eae n?aaenoaa caueou neaaiai Yai. Aaoi? aiai?eo, /oi
iaoaieci i?iaeoeee, iaeei ec iaeaieaa /anouo caueoiuo iaoaieciia, iiaeao
ia?ooaoue ioiioaiey iaaeaeo ethaeueie, i?e/ai eae a ooaeooth, oae e a
“eo/ooth” noi?iio. Oae, iai?eia?, iia ?anniao?eaaao neo/ae, a eioi?ii
aeaiueia, iiaeaaeyaoay a aeaonoaa einoeieoeaiua aeaeaiey, ia iiaeao
oaeiaeaoai?youe naie nianoaaiiua aeaeaiey. Iaeiaei, ana yoe eiioeuenu ia
auoaniythony, a i?iaoee?othony ia aiaoiee ie?. Yoi aeinoaoi/ii /anoay
neooaoeey, ii aio ia /oi neaaeoao ia?aoeoue aieiaiea: iaoeeaioea
eaeaioeoeoee?iaaeanue ni naieie caiauaieyie. A neaaenoaea yoiai, ii
“aeaiiino?e?iaaea ni/oanoaea aeaeaieyi ae?oaeo, /oanoaiaaea iaee/ea
iaiau/aeii neeueiie nayce iaaeaeo yoeie ethaeueie e niaie”. Aa Noia?-Yai
ia iicaieyei ?aaeeciauaaoue aa nianoaaiiua aeaeaiey, ii “ieacuaaeinue
iaiaeeaeaiii oa?ieiui e iaio a ae?oaeo ethaeyo”. A neaaenoaee yoiai iia
oaeiaeaoai?yea nianoaaiiua eiioeuenu, iiiiaay ae?oaei a oaeiaeaoai?aiee
eo nianoaaiiuo, noiaeeo aea/aiee. Oaeei ia?acii, aa aiaoiee ioeac io
nianoaaiiuo einoeieoia a iieueco ae?oaeo (o. a. oaeoe/anee –
aeueo?oenoe/aneia iiaaaeaiea) ia naiii aeaea, eiaao yaienoe/aneia
cia/aiea, iicaieyao ae “iaoiaeiui iooai” ?aaeeciauaaoue caaea?aeaiiua
aea/aiey. Oi, /oi iaoeeaioea aeaeaea aeey ae?oaeo ethaeae iicaieyei ae
aani?aiyonoaaiii ?aaeeciauaaoue nianoaaiiua aeaeaiey.
Aeaeaa Aiia O?aeae iuoaaony ?ane?uoue aieaa iiae?iaii iaoaieci
iiaeiaiiai iiaaaeaiey. Iia caia/aao, /oi Noia?-Yai a oaeie neooaoeee
“naieoeeiie?oao” auiieiaiea oiai eee eiiai aeaeaiey oieueei a oii
neo/aa, eiaaea iii ia?anoaao auoue naycaiiui n nianoaaiiui Yai /aeiaaea.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi a oaeii neo/aa iaoaieci i?iaeoeee /anoi
ni/aoaaony n eaeaioeoeeaoeeae. Iiaeii i?eaanoe i/aiue iiiai i?eia?ia
iiaeiaiiai iiaaaeaiey: iieiaeay aeaaooea, ia iiaouay ?aoeoue nianoaaiiua
i?iaeaiu n aeaieoueaie, aeoeaii o/anoaiaaea a i?aaiecaoeee iiiieaee
naiae nano?u; ae?oaay iaoeeaioea, ia niiniaiay i?aiaeieaoue o?aaiao,
aicieeathuoth i?e iiyaeaiee aeaeaiey iooaoanoaiaaoue, oneeaiii niaaooao
ae?ocueyi ioi?aaeony a yoi iooaoanoaea e o. i. A ea/anoaa ia?aciiai
i?eia?a aaoi? i?eaiaeeo neooaoeeth, a eioi?ie /aeiaae iaaethaeaao ca
aca?oiie ea?ie, ia aeaeay nai noaaie. Oaeei ia?acii ii noa?aaony
iaaciianeoue naay (naia Yai) io aiciiaeiuo iaoaea/, o?ono?aoeee e o. ae.
Yoio caueoiue iaoaieci iicaieyao /aeiaaeo, ai-ia?auo, i?iyaeoue
ae?oaeaneee eioa?an e oaeiaeaoai?aieth ae?oaeie naieo einoeieoia e,
oaeei ia?acii, oaeiaeaoai?eoue naie nianoaaiiua, a ai-aoi?uo,
aunaiaiaeeoue caoi?iiaeaiioth aeoeaiinoue, yia?aeth, i?aaeiacia/aiioth
aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey iiaeaaeaiiuo aeaeaiee a ?onei “iiiiue” eee
“o/anoey” a i?iaeaia ae?oaiai /aeiaaea. ss?eee i?eia?, i?eaiaeeiie A.
O?aeae – yoi neoaeauee, ia iicaieythuee iio?aaiaaoue io ia/aeueieea
i?eaaaee e ca?ieaoa, iaeiaei aeoeaii ai?thueeny ca i?aaa naiaai eieeaae.
Neaaeothuee aii?in, ?anniao?eaaaiue aaoi?ii – yoi oaeoi?u,
ii?aaeaeythuee auai? iauaeoa i?iaeoeee aeaeaiee e iineaaeothuaai
“iiia/aiey”. Nei?aa anaai, i?inoi aini?eyoea o ae?oaiai cai?aoiiai
eiioeuena oeacuaaao Yai ia aiciiaeiinoue i?iaeoeee. A i?eia?ao,
?anniao?eaaaiuo a eieaa, iauaeoaie i?iaeoeee noaiiaeeenue ciaeiiua,
?iaenoaaiieee iaoeeaioia, eioi?ua oae eee eia/a iiaoo ?aaeeciauaaoue
cai?aoiua aeey noauaeoa aeaeaiey. Eae y?ei ieoao Aiia O?aeae, /aeiaae
“?aci/a?iaaaoeeny a naaa, niauaao naie aeaeaiey ia iauaeou, eioi?ua, eae
ii /oanoaoao, eo/oa i?eniiniaeaiu aeey eo oaeiaeaoai?aiey”.
Oaeei ia?acii, ii iiaieth Aiiu O?aeae, i?e ii?aaeaeaiiii oeia ?acaeoey
no?oeoo? Yai e Noia?-Yai, aiciiaeiu oaeea oi?iu iiaaaeaiey, eioi?ua
aiaoia auaeyaeyo aeueo?oenoe/ii, iaeiaei iaoaieciu, eioi?ua yoi
iaoneaaeeaatho, nei?aa yaienoe/iu. Ii aa au?aaeaieth, “a oaeeo neo/ayo
yaieci e aeueo?oeci iiaoo niaoeaaoueny a naiuo ?acee/iuo i?iii?oeeyo”.
Oae, ?iaeeoaee, ainieouaay ?aaaiea, eiiaaea iaaycuaatho ei nianoaaiiua
ia?aaeeciaaiiua aeeciaiiua ieaiu, i?e/ai i/aiue neiaeii neacaoue, /oi
aeaeaeao eie a aieueoae noaiaie – aeueo?oenoe/aneea eee yaienoe/aneea
iioeau.
A caeeth/aiee naiaai eceiaeaiey i?iaeaiaoeee iaa?ioe/aneeo oi?i
aeueo?oecia aaoi? ?anniao?eaaao naiiio?a/aiea a aai ioiioaiee e no?aoo
nia?oe. Oio, eoi i?iaoee?oao naie einoeieoeaiua eiioeuenu ia
ie?oaeathueo, ii ia ciaeii. A neeo oiai, /oi aaaeiaeoea i?iaeaiu
ni?iaoee?iaaiu aiaia, Yai oaeiai /aeiaaea ia aaniieieony ca naay oae,
eae ca ae?oaeo, ia eioi?uo ni?iaoee?iaaiu aioo?aiiea aea/aiey. Yoi
iauyniyaony oai, /oi /aeiaae n/eoaao naith aeeciue aeinoieiie nio?aiaiey
oieueei a oii neo/aa, eiaaea ii iiaeao oaeiaeaoai?eoue nianoaaiiua
einoeieou. A neo/aa aea io?a/aiey io naieo eiioeuenia a iieueco ae?oaeo
ethaeae, eo aeecie noaiiayony aei?iaea nianoaaiiie.
Aua iaeii caia/aiea a naiii eiioea ?acaeaea iiaeieiaao aii?in i
aiciiaeiinoe (eee iaaiciiaeiinoe) nouanoaiaaiey enoeiiiai aeueo?oecia,
i?e eioi?uo oaeiaeaoai?aiey nianoaaiiuo aeaeaiee, einoeieoia, eiioeuenia
iao aiiaua. Aiia O?aeae auneacuaaao niiiaiea ii yoiio iiaiaeo, /oi
iaoaeeaeoaeueii aeey eeanneea ineoiaiaeeca. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi
ineoiaiaeeoeee aiiaua neeiiiu ethaia iiaaaeaiea iienuaaoue nei?aa eae
yaienoe/iia. Eae ecaanoii, C. O?aeae noi?ioee?iaae oae iacuaaaiue
i?eioeei oaeiaieuenoaey, niaeanii eioi?iio Eae no?aieoueny e
oaeiaeaoai?aieth naieo aeaeaiee. I?e yoii aeaeaiey Eae ieeae iaeuecy
iacaaoue aeueo?oenoe/aneeie iie ana naycaiu n oaeiaeaoai?aieai
aeeciaiiuo ioaeae i?aaiecia. Ii aeaaea i?ioeaiiinoaaeyaiue i?eioeeio
oaeiaieuenoaey i?eioeei ?aaeueiinoe, niaeanii eioi?iio iiaoaeaeaiey Eae
aeieaeiu eiio?iee?iaaoueny Yai, oiaea, a eiioaenoa ineoiaiaeeoe/aneiai
iiaeoiaea, aaeaa ee iiaeao auoue enoeiii aeueo?oenoe/aneei. A
eeanne/aneii ineoiaiaeeca i/aiue iaei inoaaony (anee aiiaua inoaaony)
ianoa aeey “aicauoaiiuo” iiiyoee – oaeeo, eae “ethaiaue”, “ae?oaeaa”,
“aeueo?oeci” e o. i. – iie oae eee eia/a iiaeaiaeyony iiae iauoth
aeaoa?ieienoe/aneoth ia?aaeeaio yoiai iai?aaeaiey. Iaeiaei, ?aaee
ni?aaaaeeeainoe, neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi nai C. O?aeae niaeaoaeny, /oi a
ethaae anoue e??aoeeiiaeueiay /anoue, ia iiaeaa?aaaiay aiaeeco e
aeaoa?ieienoneiio iauyniaieth, iaeiaei eiaiii ii yoie i?e/eia O?aeae ia
caieiaaony ath niaoeeaeueii. Iaiineoiaiaeec iaiaa eaoaai?e/ai a aeaiiii
aii?ina. ?anniao?eaaaiua ieaea aaoi?u ia aaniethoece?otho naith oi/eo
c?aiey, iie nei?aa iienuaatho ioeeiiaiey io ii?iu, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii
eni?aaeyoue.
*oanoai ethaae yaeyaony, ia iao acaeyae, aaeaa ee ia naiui y?eei
i?iyaeaieai aeueo?oecia. Iaaea?ii iaeei ec ia?auo iao/iuo
enneaaeiaaoaeae aeueo?oecia – Ieoe?ei Ni?ieei iacaae naie o?oae,
iinayuaiiue aii?inai aeueo?oecia “Oaeinoaaiiay yia?aey ethaae”. Eiaaea
/aeiaae ethaeo, ii aanue ioaeaaony iauaeoo ethaae, aieueoay /anoue
iiaoaeaeaiee oae eee eia/a naycaia n iei. Iaeiaei, eae iaiaeiie?aoii
iiae/a?eeaaao ianoaeaeaaiay ieaea Ea?ai Oi?ie, ethaia ii?iaeueiia
i?iyaeaiea iiaeao i?eieiaoue aeia?o?ioe?iaaiiua, ii/oe iaoieiae/aneea
oi?iu. A /anoiinoe, ethaiaue iiaeao auiieiyoue caueoioth ooieoeeth,
auoue n?aaenoaii ?aoaiey aioo?aiieo i?iaeai ca n/ao ie?oaeathueo. A
aeaeueiaeoai ?anniio?aiee iu iiiuoaainy i?ineaaeeoue, eaeei eiaiii
ia?acii yoi aiciiaeii, eaeiau i?e/eiu e iaoaieciu iiaeiaiuo aeaenoaee.
Y?eo O?iii, i?aaenoaaeoaeue iicaeiaai ineoiaiaeeca, ?anniao?eaay
?acee/iua ineoieiae/aneea e yoe/aneea i?iaeaiu iiiaie?aoii ia?auaaony e
i?iaeaia ethaae, aa aeaeia, iaoaieciia e o. i.(eieae “Eneonnoai
ethaeoue”, “*aeiaa/aneay neooaoeey”). Ian eioa?anotho oa ianoa a aai
?aaioao, aaea ii aiai?eo i iaeiino?oeoeaiuo, caueoiuo oi?iao ethaae.
Ii iiaieth O?iiia, nia?aiaiiue /aeiaae a oneiaeyo eaieoaeenoe/aneiai
iauanoaa, ?uiea, io/oaeaeai io naay, io naiaai aeeaeiaai, io i?e?iaeu.
Eae ieoao aaoi?, “ii i?aa?auai a oiaa?, aini?eieiaao naie aeeciaiiua
neeu eae eaieoae, eioi?ue aeieaeai i?eiineoue aio iaeneiaeueioth
i?eaueue”. A neeo yoiai nia?aiaiiue /aeiaae iiae/an ia niiniaai
ethaeoue, a niiniaai eeoue iaiaieaaoueny n ae?oaeie naieie “iaai?aie
ee/iinoiuo ea/anoa”. Eae y?eee i?eia? oaeie io/oaeaeaiiie oi?iu ethaae
iiaeii i?eaanoe eaeath naiuee eae oi?ioi nua?aiiie “eiiaiaeu”. A oaeie
naiuea iauaiea eaeao ia o?iaia iiaa?oiinoiiai iaiaia ethaaciinoyie, ii
ia cao?aaeaaao aeoaeiu aeooe /aeiaaea. Yoi nei?aa iiaaaeaiea ethaae, /ai
naia ethaiaue. Aaconeiaii, eiaaea ethaee ethayo ae?oa ae?oaa, iie oiaea
aa?aaeii ioiinyony ae?oa e ae?oao, iaeiaei a aeaiiii neo/aa yoi ia
neaaenoaea, a naiioeaeue. Ii iiaieth O?iiia, iiaeiaiay eiioeaioeey
ethaae e a?aea – anaai eeoue iiiuoea oeoe io iaauiineiiai iaeeii/anoaa,
a eioi?ii ieacuaaaony nia?aiaiiue /aeiaae. Eae ii ieoao, “ii anooiaao a
nithc aeaieo i?ioea anaai ie?a, e yoio yaieci a deux [aaeaiai] ioeai/ii
i?eieiaaony ca ethaiaue e aeecinoue”. Aiaeiae/iay ii naiae nooe
eiioeaioeey ethaae eae acaeiiiai iieiaiai oaeiaeaoai?aiey. Yoa
eiioeaioeey aa?ao naia ia/aei io O?aeaea, eioi?ue no?iee anth naith
oai?eth ia iniiaa naenoaeueiuo eiioeuenia, aea/aiee e o.ae. Ii neiaai
O?iiia, ethaiaue eae “?aaioa a ninoaaa eiiaiaeu” e ethaiaue, eae
acaeiiia iieiaia oaeiaeaoai?aiea – aeaa naiua ?ani?ino?aiaiiua oi?iu
?aceiaeaiey ethaae a nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa.
Oaeaea Y?eo O?iii ?anniao?eaaao iaeioi?ua iaiaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiua oi?iu
“iaoieiae/aneie” ethaae. A ea/anoaa iniiaiiai oaeoi?a aicieeiiaaiey
“iaa?ioe/aneie ethaae” ii iacuaaao oio oaeo, /oi iaeei eee iaa
“ethayueo”, oaea aoaeo/e ac?ineuie, inoathony aeanoei naycaiiuie n
ia?acii iaeiiai ec ?iaeeoaeae e ia?aiinyo naie iaeeaeaiey, o?aaiaaiey,
no?aoe naycaiiua n iooeii eee iaoa?ueth ia ethaeiiai /aeiaaea. I?e yoii
ia?acoaony ?ac?ua iaaeaeo eioaeeaeooaeueiui, nioeeaeueiui ?acaeoeai
/aeiaaea e aai yiioeeiiaeueiie c?aeinoueth. Yoi, ii iiaieth O?iiia,
iiaeao aanoe ia oieueei e i?iaeaiai a iaaeee/iinoiuo ioiioaieyo, ii e e
?anno?ienoaai a iauanoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ia iniiaa iiaeiaiuo iaoaieciia aicieeaao oaeay neooaoeey, eiaaea
yiioeeiiaeueii iac?aeue ioae/eia, ioaeaeathueeny (nei?aa
aanniciaoaeueii, /ai iniciaiii) a iaoa?eineie iiaeaea?aeea, caueoa,
oaiea, aaconeiaiie ethaae, no?aiyony “aethaeoue” a naay aeaiueio, /oiau
caiieo/eoue iaiaoiaeeioth iiiiuue. Naie iie i?e yoii iaioaaonoaaiiu, iie
aioiau auoue ethaeiuie, ii ia ethaeoue (neaaeoao iiynieoue, /oi aaoi?
n/eoaao, /oi enoeiiay ethaiaue anaaaea naycaia n ioaaonoaaiiinoueth e
yoi ia ianneaiia ninoiyiea). E a neo/aa, eiaaea aeaiueia ia niaeania
caiyoue iaoa?eineoth iiceoeeth, anee iia, ooaea oiai, naia o?aaoao oiai,
/oiau aa caueuaee e iaa?aaaee, oi oaeie ioae/eia ia/eiaao n/eoaoue naith
eca?aiieoeo “yaienoe/iie”, aeoiaao, /oi iia ia ethaeo aai. Oaeei
ia?acii, iiaeiaiay ethaiaue, ia naiii aeaea yaeyaony nei?aa o?aaiaaieai
ethaae. E aiai?eoue caeanue iiaeii ia ia aeueo?oecia c?aeie ee/iinoe, a
i caaoaee?iaaiiii yaiecia iaeaiueeiai ?aaaiea, o?aaothuaai aieiaiey e
iiaee io iaoa?e.
Ae?oaay e?aeiinoue – yoi neeueiay i?eaycaiiinoue ioae/ei e iooeo. Ana
iiaaaeaiea e aeeciaiiue noeeue oaeiai ioae/eiu aoaeao niioiineony n
aioo?aiiei ia?acii aeanoiiai iooea. A oaeii neo/aa aeaiueia aeey iaai
ionooiaao ia aoi?ie ieai, ii no?aieony aeinoe/ue eae iiaeii aieueoaai a
aeecie, ii ia ?aaee iaa, a ?aaee “aioo?aiiaai iooea”. Oaeei ia?acii,
ana aai aiaoia, auoue iiaeao, aeueo?oenoe/aneia iiaaaeaiea, ia naiii
aeaea aeaoa?ieie?iaaii oeacaieai “aioo?aiiaai iooea”.
Aua iaeia oi?ia “inaaaeiethaae”, iienuaaaiay aaoi?ii – yoi
eaeieiiieeiiie/aneay ethaiaue. Oaeia ioiioaiea, ii aai iiaieth,
aicieeaao oiaaea, eiaaea /aeiaae ia aeinoea aua oaeiai o?iaiy ?acaeoey,
ia eioi?ii ii iuouaao nianoaaiioth eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue, e neeiiai
aiaioai?eoue ethaeiiai /aeiaaea, aeaeaoue ec iaai eoie?a. I?e yoii
/aeiaae oa?yao naay a naiai ethaeiii, aianoi oiai, /oiau ia?anoe naay.
?aii eee iicaeii ianooiaao ?aci/a?iaaiea a eoie?a – e oiaaea ia/eiaaony
iiene iiaiai iauaeoa iieeiiaiey. Oaeei ia?acii, /a?ac “ethaiaue” noauaeo
ooiaeeo io i?iaeaiu ionoonoaey eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoe, naiieaeaioe/iinoe.
Yoi yaii oi?ia caueou, ooiaea io iai?yaeaiey e iaaaeaeaaoiinoe
ie?oaeathuaio ie?o.
Neaaeothuay oi?ia “inaaaeiethaae” ii O?iiio – yoi oae iacuaaaiay
naioeiaioaeueiinoue. A yoii neo/aa ia?aaeeaaiea ethaae naycaii nei?aa n
ia/oaie, /ai n iianaaeiaaiie aeeciueth. A ea/anoaa i?eia?a iiaeii
i?eaanoe oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiiia iio?aaeaiea ethaiaiuo ?iiaiia,
“iueueiuo iia?”, aeaineeo aeo?iaeia e o. i. – a ?acoeueoaoa iio?aaeoaeue
iieo/aao iaeioi?ue no??iaao ?aaeueiui acaeiiioiioaieyi. A oaeie
neooaoeee iiaeao nouanoaiaaoue iaeioi?ue “eaeaaeueiue” aeueo?oeci,
ethaiaue e ethaeyi (aiiaua e a /anoiinoe), iaeiaei yoi ia aoaeao
aueeaaoueny ie a eaeia aeaenoaea.
O?iii, oae aea, eae e ianoaeaeaaiay auoa Aiia O?aeae aiai?eo i
aiciiaeiinoe ?aoaiey nianoaaiiuo i?iaeai /a?ac iaoaieci i?iaeoeee,
eiaaea noauaeo aianoi oiai, /oiau ?aaeeciauaaoue naay, ia/eiaao
iaono?aeaaoue aeeciue ae?oaiai, i?eieiaoue aeayoaeueiia o/anoea a aai
i?iaeaiao. Aiaoia, eae oaea iu caia/aee, yoi iiaeao auoue
aeueo?oenoe/aneei iiaaaeaieai, iaeiaei aai iioeaaoeeiiiue iaoaieci
nei?aa naycai n yaienoe/aneeie ono?aieaieyie.
A caeeth/aiea O?iii iiae/a?eeaaao, /oi ?aaeueiay ethaiaue ioithaeue ia
icia/aao (eae ioeai/ii iieaaatho iiiaea) ionoonoaea eiioeeeoia. Anee
ethaee aeaenoaeoaeueii ethayo ae?oa ae?oaa, oi eiioeeeou nei?aa niiniaiu
i?iynieoue, ?acaeoue ioiioaiey, /ai eo ?ac?ooeoue. Eiia/ii, anee /aeiaae
iuoaaony ?aoaoue naie i?iaeaiu ca n/ao ae?oaiai, oi iaeaeoaa iai?yaeaiea
niiniaii aai ioa?aoeoue io “iauaeoa ethaae”, iaeiaei anee eiaao ianoi
aeaenoaeoaeueii aeiaa?eoaeueiia e, a iaeioi?ie noaiaie aeueo?oenoe/aneia
ioiioaiea, oi ?ac?ooeoue aai ia oae oae i?inoi.
Iaiaoeei-aia?eeaineee ineoiaiaeeoee Ea?ai Oi?ie a naiae eieaa
“Iaa?ioe/aneay ee/iinoue iaoaai a?aiaie” ianoaeaeaao iaa?ioe/aneea oi?iu
ethaae. Ii aa iiaieth, iaa?ioe/aneay iio?aaiinoue a ethaae eae
iiae/eiaiee eee, iaiai?io, aeiieie?iaaiee – yoi niinia caueou io
aacaeueiie o?aaiaeiinoe, eioi?ay i?enoua iaa?ioe/aneie ee/iinoe.
Aiiaua, aaoi? auaeaeyao aeaa aeaea iiaoaeaeaiee, eioi?ua ea?atho
iaeaieueooth ?ieue a iaa?icao. Yoi aeaaeaea ethaae n iaeiie noi?iiu e
aeaaeaea aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey ae?oaeie n ae?oaie. Iu ?anniio?ei iaa yoeo
oaiaeaioeee e iiiuoaainy iaia?oaeeoue, eae iaa?ioe/aneay ee/iinoue,
eniieuecoy “ethaiaue” e “aeueo?oenoe/aneia” iiaaaeaiea, iuoaaony
aeiaeoueny nianoaaiiuo oeaeae, ni?aaeoueny n nianoaaiiie
o?aaiaeiinoueth.
Iaa?ioe/aneay iio?aaiinoue a ethaae iiaeao naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaoue i
nouanoaiaaiee aacaeueiie o?aaiaeiinoe o /aeiaaea, oae eae yaeyaony
iiiuoeie caueoeoueny io yoie o?aaiaeiinoe. Ia niciaoaeueiii o?iaia oaeie
/aeiaae aeaeea?e?oao eneeth/eoaeueii aeia?ua e aeueo?oenoe/aneea
iiaoaeaeaiey: “… ii oi/ao i/aiue iaiiiaiai – aeia?a, iiiiue, niaaoa,
iiieiaiey io ie?oaeathueo aai ethaeae. Oi/ao, /oiau iie ciaee, /oi ii
no?aieoueny aeinoaaeoue ei ?aaeinoue e iianaaony caaeaoue eiai-eeai”.
Iaeiaei, eae caia/aao Oi?ie, iaeuecy aiai?eoue ia enoeiiie ethaae,
eiaaea /aeiaae eniieuecoao ae?oaiai a ea/anoaa n?aaenoaa aeey
oaeiaeaoai?aiey ii?aaeaeaiiuo iio?aaiinoae – a eiaiii oae e iinooiaao
iaa?ioee. Ianoaeaeay aii?in ethaae, aaoi? i?iaiaeeo neaaeothuaa
?acee/aiea iaa?ioe/aneie e “ii?iaeueiie” ethaae: “Aeaaiui a ethaae
yaeyaony naii /oanoai i?eaycaiiinoe, a oi a?aiy eae o iaa?ioeea
ia?ae/iia /oanoai – iio?aaiinoue a ia?aoaiee niieienoaey e oaa?aiiinoe”.
Iiae/an oi, /oi eaaeaony iaa?ioe/aneie ee/iinoe ethaiaueth, ia naiii
aeaea yaeyaony ?aaeoeeae aeaaiaea?iinoe ca i?iyaeaiiua iiieiaiea,
ni/oanoaea, o/anoea, “i?aaeeueiia” ioiioaiea e iaio. Oae aicieeaao
“eeethcey ethaae”. A oaeie neooaoeee iiae ianeie ethaae ne?uaaaony
“oeaieyiea ca ae?oaeo ethaeae aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey nianoaaiiuo
iio?aaiinoae”. Oa?aeoa?iui naienoaii iiaeiaiiai ioiioaiey yaeyaony
eaii?e?iaaiea ee/iinoe ae?oaiai. Oae, naa?ocaaioeeaay iaoue nayoi aa?eo,
/oi aeaeaao ana aeey n/anouey naiaai ?aaaiea, niaa?oaiii i?e oii ia
caia/ay iio?aaiinoe naiiai ?aaaiea.
Ea?ai Oi?ie ioia/aao, /oi /aeiaae, niaaeaaiue aacaeueiie o?aaiaeiinoueth
i?e anai naiai aeaeaiee iieo/eoue ethaiaue ia iiaeao ii-ianoiyuaio aa
i?eiyoue. Yoi iaoneiaeaii oie aea naiie o?aaiaeiinoueth e, aiai?y a
oa?ieiao ae?oaiai ineoiaiaeeoeea, Y?eea Y?eeniia, aaciaui iaaeiaa?eai e
ie?o. Oaeei ia?acii, iieo/aaony caieiooue e?oa – /aeiaae no?aieoueny e
ethaae, /oiau ecaaaeoueny io o?aaiae, ii o?aaiaa ia aeaao aio i?eiyoue
yoo ethaiaue. Oaeaea o iaa?ioeea i/aiue aaeee no?ao ioaa?aeaiey, /oi
aaaeao e ?iainoe a iiaaaeaiee, iaaiciiaeiinoe i?iyaeaiey iio?aaiinoe ai
aieiaiee ie?oaeathueo. Ia?acoaony aua iaeei ii?i/iue e?oa – /ai aieaa
?iaie /aeiaae, oai iaiueoa ii niiniaai oaeiaeaoai?eoue naith
iio?aaiinoue ai aieiaiee, a /ai aieueoa ii oa?ieo a yoii iaoaea/, oai
iaiueoa oaa?aiiinoe a naaa o iaai inoaaony.
Eoae, iaoaeeeaaynue ia ?aceee/iua o?oaeiinoe a iieo/aiee noieue
iaiaoiaeeiiai aieiaiey, iaa?ioee eniieuecoao ?aciiia?aciua no?aoaaee
caaiaaaiey “ethaae”. Oi?ie auaeaeyao neaaeothuea iooe:
1) Iiaeeoi. E?aoeay oi?ioea iiaaaeaiey iaa?ioeea oaeiaa: “ss ethaeth
oaay aieueoa anaai ia naaoa, iiyoiio ou aeieaeai ioeacaoueny io anaai
?aaee iie ethaae”. Aa?eaio yoie no?aoaaee – iiaeeoi /a?ac “iiieiaiea”,
“o/anoea” a i?iaeaiao /aeiaaea. Yoi oaeaea iaeioi?ay oi?ia iiaaaeaiey,
aiaoia aeueo?oenoe/iay, ia naiii aeaea neoaeauay iio?aaiinoyi
“aeueo?oenoa”.
2) Aiiaeyoeey e aeaeinoe. “Au aeieaeiu ethaeoue iaiy, iioiio /oi y
no?aaeath e aaniiiiuai”. Yoa no?aoaaey auae?aaony, ii iiaieth aaoi?a, a
oii neo/aa, eiaaea /aeiaae oaaaeaeai a iaaiciiaeiinoe iieo/eoue ethaaue
ae?oaei iooai.
3) I?ecua e ni?aaaaeeeainoe. Oi?ioea iiaaaeaiey: “Aio /oi y naeaeae aeey
aan. A /oi au naeaeaaoa aeey iaiy?”. Oae, ?iaeeoaee /anoi aiiaee?otho e
oai neeai, eioi?ua iie iio?aoeee ia ainieoaiea aeaoae, /oiau aeiaeoueny
ethaae io ieo. Yoa iiceoeey i/iue oi?ioi niioiineony n oai, i /ai ?a/ue
oea auoa, eiaaea iu ?anniao?eaaee iiceoeeth Y?eoa O?iiia. Nia?aiaiiue
/aeiaae aeaeaao “aeia?i” /aua anaai oieueei a oii neo/aa, eiaaea
?ann/eouaaao (aieaa eee iaiaa niciaoaeueii), /oi aio ioieaoyo iaiueoa.
Oi?ie iacuaaao iaeioi?ie “iaaeae” uaae?inoue, iieacioth “aeia?ioo”
iaeioi?uo ethaeae. Iia aiai?eo, /oi iie a oaeeo neo/ayo aeaeatho aeey
ae?oaeo oi, /oi naie oioyo iieo/aoue io ieo. Ae?oaay oi?ia i?ecuaa e
ni?aaaaeeeainoe – ?acaeaaieuenoaiaaiea iaa?ioeea i oii, /oi au ii
naeaeae aeey ae?oaeo, anee au eiae oaeoth aiciiaeiinoue. Anoanoaaiii,
/oi ia naiii aeaea oaeie /aeiaae ie/aai ia aeaeaao, iaeiaei iinoaiaiii
ii oaaaeaeaao naay e ae?oaeo a naiae “aeia?iaeaoaeueiinoe” e ia/eiaao
aiaeee?iaaoue e iae.
Ea?ai Oi?ie i?eaiaeeo i?eia?u, eaeei ia?acii iaa?ioeee /a?ac
“aeueo?oenoe/aneia” iiaaaeaiea iiaeao aicaoaeaeaoue a ae?oaeo /oanoai
aeiu eee aeieaa n oeaeueth ii?aaaeaiey nianoaaiiuo o?aaiaaiee. Oae,
aeaiueia n iaayc/eauie e enoa?ieaeiuie neiioiiaie ianoaeaaao ia iiiiue
naiei nano?ai a ?aaioa ii aeiio, iaeiaei /a?ac ianeieueei aeiae ?aaiou
iia ia/eiaao iaaiaeiaaoue ii iiaiaeo oiai, /oi iie i?eiyee aa iiiiuue.
Iia caaieaaaao e nano?ai ia oieueei ia noaiiaeony, a eiia/iii eoiaa
eaa/a, ii nei?aa – oyaeaeae, oae eae iie auioaeaeaiu ooaaeeaaoue e ca
aieueiie. Yoi aeeaie i?eia? oiai, eae eniieuecoy i?eai “aeueo?oecia”
iaa?ioee aeiaeaaaony naieo aieaa eee iaiaa aanniciaoaeueiuo oeaeae.
Ianoaeaeay iaa?ioe/aneia no?aieaiea e aeiieie?iaaieth, aaoi? aiai?eo i
eiiiainaoi?iii oa?aeoa?a iiaeiaiuo i?iyaeaiee. Eae i?aaeei, aoaeo/e
?aaaieii, /aeiaae iaaeiiieo/aao aieiaiey, i?eciaiey nianoaaiiuo
niiniaiinoae e o. i. A ?acoeueoaoa yoiai o iaai oi?ie?oaony
iaa?ioe/aneia no?aieaiea e aunieei aeinoeaeaieyi. E?iia oiai, no?aieaiea
e aeanoe neoaeeo caueoie io oiiieiaaoae auoa aacaeueiie o?aaiaeiinoe,
oa?aeoa?iie aeey iaa?ioe/aneie ee/iinoe. Eae ieoao Oi?ie,
aeiieie?iaaiea, yaeythuaany /anoui i?iyaeaieai iaa?ioe/aneiai no?aieaiey
e aeanoe “iiaeao auoue ne?uoi a nioeeaeueii cia/eiuo, ae?oaeaneeo
oi?iao, i?iyaeyynue, iai?eia? a neeiiiinoe aeaaaoue niaaou, no?aieaiee
iai?aaeyoue aeaea ae?oaeo ethaeae”. Ia aanniciaoaeueiii o?iaia,
ooaa?aeaeaao aaoi?, iaa?ioee, no?aiyueeny e aeanoe aoaeao i?eaiineoue
a?aaeaeaaiinoue a ethaoth neooaoeeth. Iiyoiio oaeia caianee?iaaiiia iiae
iiiiuue aeanoiia iiaaaeaiea aeiaieueii i?inoi ?acee/eoue. Ie?oaeathuea
iiaoo ?aaae?iaaoue ia yoi eeai i?ioanoii, eeai iiae/eiaieai. Ii nai
iaa?ioee i/aiue ?aaeei iniciaao oo a?aaeaeaaiinoue, eioi?ie ii
nii?iaiaeaeaao naith iiaeo e n/eoaao naay aeinoaoi/ii “i?aaaaeiui” e
“aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiui”.
Eoae, iu ianoaeeee aeaoo aaoi?ia – Y. O?iiia e E. Oi?ie, eioi?ua a naieo
?aaioao ianoaeaeatho i?iaeaio ethaae, aa iaa?ioe/aneeo i?iyaeaiee. Iaa
aaoi?a caia/atho, /oi ethaiaue, yaeyynue, aaconeiaii, iaeiei ec
aicauoaiiuo e i?ae?aniuo i?iyaeaiee /aeiaaea, a nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa
/anoi ea?aao ?ieue caueou, ooiaea io ?aaeueiinoe eee niiniaa ?ac?aoaiey
aioo?aiieo eiioeeeoia. O?iii i?yii ieoao, /oi nia?aiaiiia iauanoaaiiia
ono?ienoai i?iaioee?oao iiaeiaioth neooaoeeth, Oi?ie ia aiai?eo ia yoii
i?yii, ii iacaaiea aa eieae – “Iaa?ioe/aneay ee/iinoue IAOAAI A?AIAIE”
aiai?eo naii ca naay. A nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa noaiiaeony ana o?oaeiaa e
o?oaeiaa ecaaaeaoue “?uii/iinoe”, auoue aeaenoaeoaeueii aanei?unoiui.
Aanna?aa?yiieee aini?eieiathony eae /oaeaee, eiiaaea – eae
aiao?iieci. Iiyoiio ana aieueoaa e aieueoaa ianoi caieiatho
Aia?eeaineee ineoieia Yaa?aoo Oino?ii a naiae eieaa “Aioe-Ea?iaae eee
/aeiaae-iaieioeyoi?” ianoaeaeaao ?acee/iua oi?iu iaieioeyoeee iaeieo
ethaeae ae?oaeie. A /anoiinoe: ii i?aaeeaaaao naith oeiieiaeth
ethaeae-iaieioeyoi?ia (“Aeeeoaoi?”, “I?eeeiaea”, “Ooeeaai”, “Caueoiee” e
ae?). Ian eioa?anoao oa aeaa oeia: eioi?ua naycaiu n eniieueciaaieai
aeueo?oecia a ea/anoaa n?aaenoaa iaieioeyoeee ae?oaeie ethaeueie:
1) “Neaaiue ia?aiue”. Oaeie /aeiaae neeiiai i?aoaaee/eaaoue naith
caaioeeainoue, ethaiaue, aieiaoaeueiinoue e ie?oaeathuei. Ii, ii
au?aaeaieth aaoi?a, “oaeaaao naiae aeia?ioie”, eniieuecoy aa eae i?oaeea
oi?aaeaiey aeeaeieie. Iiaeii auaeaeeoue ianeieueei ?aciiaeaeiinoae
aeaiiiai oeia – “Oaiaeeeaue”, “Ii?aeeno”, “Aeia?iaeaoaeueiue”, “*aeiaae
i?aaiecaoeee”.
2) “Caueoiee” – /aua anaai /?acia?ii iiae/a?eeaaao naith iiaeaea?aeeo e
nienoiaeeoaeueiinoue e ioeaeai ie?oaeathueo. Ii naiei nienoiaeaeaieai e
aeia?o?ioe?iaaiiie caaioie iaoaao ae?oaiio noaoue naiinoiyoaeueiui e
iacaaeneiui. Ieacuaay iiiiuue e aeaaay caueoo ii eae au ie?oaeaao noaiie
“caueuaaiiai”, ia iicaieyy aio naiiio /oi-eeai aeaeaoue aac naieoeee
naiiai “Caueoieea”.
A iineaaeothuai eceiaeaiee aeathony i?eia?u iaieioeyoeee: ec eioi?uo
noaiiaeony aeaeii, eae aiaoia aeueo?oenoe/aneia iiaaaeaiea noaiiaeony
i?e “oiaeii eniieueciaaiee” n?aaenoaii aeinoeaeaiey yaienoe/aneeo
oeaeae, naycaiiuo n iaieioeyoeeae ie?oaeathueie. Iniiaiie i?eiaiyaiue
i?eai – yoi eniieueciaaiea anoanoaaiiie aeaaiaea?iinoe ca niaa?oaiiue
“aeia?ue iinooiie” a yaienoe/aneeo oeaeyo. Aaaeii iiae/a?eiooue, /oi
iau/ii iaieioeyoi?u naie ia iniciatho oiai, /oi iie ia naiii aeaea
aeaeatho. Noi?iiiee iaaethaeaoaeue, ii/eoaaoee eieao “Aioe Ea?iaae” (a
iiaeao, eaeoth-ieaoaeue ae?oaoth eieao ia yoo aea oaio) iiaeao, nei?aa
anaai ?annoaeeoue – aaea iaieioeyoeey, a aaea – enoeiiue aeueo?oeci,
aeaenoaeoaeueii aanei?unoiay iiiiuue. Ii nai “/aeiaae-iaieioeyoi?” /aua
anaai aeaenoaoao iainiciaiii.
Eoae, iu ?anniio?aee iiaiey ianeieueeeo aaoi?ia ii aii?ino caueoiuo oi?i
aeueo?oecia. Ana iie noiaee a iaeiii – iiaeiaiia yaeaiey aeinoaoi/ii
/anoi ano?a/aaony a iaoai iauanoaa. Aai aioo?aiiea iaoaieciu eaaeaeue
aaoi? iienuaaao ia naiai ycuea, iaeiaei oae eee eia/a iie aiai?yo ia
iaeiii e oii aea: iiae/an /aeiaae ?aoaao naie aioo?aiiea i?iaeaiu,
aiaoia eniieuecoy nioeeaeueii iaeia?yaiua oi?iu “iiiiaathuaai”,
“aeueo?oenoe/aneiai” iiaaaeaiey, iaeiaei ca n/ao iaeioi?ie yaienoe/aneie
iiaeeeaaeea iii nei?aa yaeyaony aeano?oeoeaiui, /ai eiino?oeoeaiui. Ana
yoi, /aua anaai, i?ienoiaeeo aanniciaoaeueii e iniciaiea /aeiaaeii
oiai, /oi ii ia naiii aeaea aeaeaao oaea iiaeao eciaieoue aai
iiaaaeaiea. Aiiaua aiai?y, ecaaaeaiea io aioo?aiieo i?iaeai, eiioeeeoia
e o. i. Iicaieeo ee/iinoe i?iyaeyoue aeaenoaeoaeueii aeueo?oenoe/aneea
iaeeiiiinoe – a oaeii neo/aa i?inoi ioiaaeaao iaaeiaiinoue a caueoiuo
iaoaieciia e “oaeinoaaiiay neea ethaae” iiaeao i?iyaeoue naay
iacaiooiaiiie.
Eeoa?aoo?a:
Aiia O?aeae “Ineoieiaey “ss” e caueoiua iaoaieciu”
Y. O?iii “Eneonnoai ethaeoue”
Y. O?iii “Aeooa /aeiaaea”
E. Oi?ie “Iaa?ioe/anea ee/iinoue iaoaai a?aiaie”
Yaa?ao Oino?ii “Aioe-Ea?iaae eee /aeiaae-iaieioeyoi?”
A. A. Ianeiianeay
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