? A O A ? A O
Oaia :
“ Niciaiea: i?ienoiaeaeaiea e nouiinoue.”
a. Iineaa, 1996 a.
?aoa?ao naeaaaeny a 7-i iineianeii iaaeo/eeeua iaecaanoiiio
i?aiiaeaaaoaeth e a Iineianeie Ainoaea?noaaiiie aeaaeaiee
aaoiiiaeeueiiai e o?aeoi?iiai iaoeiino?iaiey i?aiiaeaaaoaeth ssoeaiei a
1997 a.
AEAEATH OAeA*E !!!
1. Aaaaeaiea.
*aeiaae aeaaeaao i?ae?aniui aea?ii – ?acoiii n aai iuoeeaui iieaoii eae
a ioaeaeaiiia i?ioeia, oae e a a?yaeouaa, ie?ii ia/ou e oaioacee,
oai?/aneei ?aoaieai i?aeoe/aneeo e oai?aoe/aneeo i?iaeai, iaeiiaoe,
aiieiuaieai naiuo aea?ciiaaiiuo caiuneia. Oaea n aeoaieie ae?aaiinoe
iuneeoaee iai?yaeaiii eneaee ?acaaaeeo oaeiu oaiiiaia niciaiey. Iaoea,
oeeinioey, eeoa?aoo?a, eneonnoai, oaoieea – neiaii, ana aeinoeaeaiey
/aeiaa/anoaa iauaaeeieee naie oneeey, /oiau ?ane?uoue nie?iaaiiua oaeiu
iaoae aeooiaiie aeecie.
A oa/aiea iiiaeo aaeia ia niieeatho ai?y/ea nii?u aie?oa nouiinoe
niciaiey e aiciiaeiinoae aai iiciaiey. Aiaineiau ?anniao?eaatho niciaiea
eae e?ioioioth ene?o aaee/anoaaiiiai ieaiaie aiaeanoaaiiiai ?acoia.
Eaeaaeenou ionoaeaatho iuneue i ia?ae/iinoe niciaiey ii ioiioaieth e
iaoa?ee. Au?uaay niciaiea ec iauaeoeaiuo naycae ?aaeueiiai ie?a e
?anniao?eaay aai eae naiinoiyoaeueioth e niceaeathuoth nouiinoue auoey,
iauaeoeaiua eaeaaeenou o?aeootho niciaiea eae ia/oi ecia/aeueiia: iii ia
oieueei ia iauynieii ie/ai, /oi nouanoaoao aia aai, ii naii ec naay
i?ecaaii iauynieoue ana niaa?oathuaany a i?e?iaea, enoi?ee e iiaaaeaiee
eaaeaeiai ioaeaeueiiai /aeiaaea. Aaeeinoaaiii aeinoiaa?iie
?aaeueiinoueth i?eciatho niciaiea noi?iiieee iauaeoeaiiai eaeaaeecia.
Anee eaeaaeeci au?uaaao i?iianoue iaaeaeo ?acoiii e ie?ii, oi
iaoa?eaeeci euao iauiinoue, aaeeinoai iaaeaeo yaeaieyie niciaiey e
iauaeoeaiui ie?ii, auaiaey aeooiaiia ec iaoa?eaeueiiai.
Iaoa?eaeenoe/aneay oeeinioey e ineoieiaey enoiaeyo a ?aoaiee yoie
i?iaeaiu ec aeaoo ea?aeeiaeueiuo i?eioeeiia: ec i?eciaiey niciaiey
ooieoeeae iicaa e io?aaeaieai aiaoiaai ie?a.
2.Io?aaeaiea eae anaiauaa naienoai iaoa?ee.
2.1. Io?aaeaiea e eioi?iaoeey.
Niciaiea nia?aiaiiiai /aeiaaea anoue i?iaeoeo anae anaie?iie enoi?ee,
eoia iiiaiaaeiaiai ?acaeoey i?aeoe/aneie e iiciaaaoaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe aan/eneaiiuo iieieaiee ethaeae. E aeey oiai, /oiau
iiiyoue aai nouiinoue, iaiaoiaeeii auynieoue aii?in i oii, eae iii
ca?iaeeeinue. Niciaiea eiaao naith ia oieueei nioeeaeueioth enoi?eth, ii
e anoanoaaiioth i?aaeenoi?eth – ?acaeoea aeieiae/aneeo i?aaeiinueie a
aeaea yaiethoeee ineoeee aeeaioiuo. Aeaaaeoeaoue ieeeeiiia eao
nicaeaaaeenue oneiaey aeey aicieeiiaaiey ?acoiiiai /aeiaaea. Aac yoie
yaiethoeee iiyaeaiea /aeiaa/aneiai niciaiey auei au i?inoi /oaeii. Ii ia
iaiueoei /oaeii auei au e iiyaeaiea ineoeee o aeeauo i?aaieciia aac
iaee/ey naienoaa io?aaeaiey o anae iaoa?ee.
Io?aaeaiea anoue anaiauaa naienoai iaoa?ee, caeeth/athuaany a
aini?iecaaaeaiee i?eciaeia, naienoa e ioiioaiee io?aaeaaiiai iauaeoa.
Niiniaiinoue e io?aaeaieth, a oaeaea oa?aeoa? aa i?iyaeaiey caaenyo io
o?iaiy i?aaiecaoeee iaoa?ee. Io?aaeaiea a iai?aaie/aneie i?e?iaea, a
ie?a ?anoaiee, aeeaioiuo e, iaeiiaoe, /aeiaaea aunooiaao a ea/anoaaiii
?acee/iuo oi?iao. Iniaui e iaiouaieaiui naienoaii io?aaeaiey o aeeaiai
i?aaiecia yaeythony ?acae?aaeeiinoue e /oanoaeoaeueiinoue eae
niaoeeoe/aneia naienoai io?aaeaiey, acaeiiaeaenoaee aiaoiae e aioo?aiiae
n?aaeu a aeaea aicaoaeaeaiey e ioaaoiie ecae?aoaeueiie ?aaeoeee.
Io?aaeaiea ai anai iiiaiia?acee aai oi?i, ia/eiay io i?inoaeoeo
iaoaie/aneeo neaaeia e eii/ay /aeiaa/aneei ?acoiii, i?ienoiaeeo a
i?ioeanna acaeiiaeaenoaey ?acee/iuo nenoai iaoa?eaeueiiai ie?a. Yoi
acaeiiaeaenoaea eiaao naiei ?acoeueoaoii acaeiiio?aaeaiea, eioi?ia a
i?inoaeoeo neo/ayo aunooiaao a aeaea iaoaie/aneie aeaoi?iaoeee, a iauai
aea neo/aa – a aeaea acaeiiie ia?ano?ieee aioo?aiiaai ninoiyiey
acaeiiaeaenoaothueo nenoai: a eciaiaiee eo naycae eee iai?aaeaiee
aeaeaeaiey, eae aiaoiyy ?aaeoeey eee eae acaeiiay ia?aaea/a yia?aee e
eioi?iaoeee. Io?aaeaiea a iauai neo/aa i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?ioeann,
?acoeueoaoii eioi?iai yaeyaony eioi?iaoeeiiiia aini?iecaaaeaiea naienoa
io?aaeaaiiai i?aaeiaoa. Ethaia io?aaeaiea aeeth/aao eioi?iaoeeiiiue
i?ioeann: iii anoue eioi?iaoeeiiiia acaeiiaeaenoaea, iaeii inoaaeyao i
naaa iaiyoue a ae?oaii. Eioi?iaoeey anoue iauaeoeaiay noi?iia i?ioeannia
i?e?iaeu e eae oaeiaay anaiaua, /oi i?aaeiieaaaao aa niaoeeoeeo a
?acee/iuo noa?ao ?aaeueiiai ie?a – a iai?aaie/aneie i?e?iaea, aeeauo
nenoaiao e nioeeaeueiuo i?ioeannao.
Ana a ie?a iaoiaeeony a iaiin?aaenoaaiiii eee oaeaeythuainy a
aaneiia/iinoue iiin?aaeiaaiiii acaeiiaeaenoaee anaai ni anai – ana ianao
eioi?iaoeeth iai anai. Yoi i?aaeiieaaaao oieaa?naeueiia eioi?iaoeeiiiia
iiea ie?icaeaiey, eioi?ia yaeyaony anaiauae oi?iie nayce oi?iie
oieaa?naeueiiai acaeiiaeaenoaey e oai naiui aaeeinoaa ie?a: aaaeue ana a
ie?a “iiiieo” iai anai! Yoi auoaeaao ec i?eioeeia io?aaeaiey eae
anaiauaai naienoaa iaoa?ee.
2.2. Oi?iu io?aaeaiey. Ii?aaeaeaiea niciaiey.
Auoa auei neacaii, /oi io?aaeaiea anoue naienoai iaoa?eaeueiuo nenoai a
i?ioeanna acaeiiaeaenoaey aini?iecaiaeeoue iniaaiiinoe ae?oaeo nenoai.
Iiaeii neacaoue, /oi io?aaeaiea anoue ?acoeueoao acaeiiaeaenoaey
iauaeoia. N i?inoaeoae oi?iie io?aaeaiey iu ano?a/aainy a iai?aaie/aneii
ie?a. Iai?eia?, i?iaiaeiee iaa?aaaaony e oaeeeiyaony, anee ii aeeth/ai a
yeaeo?e/aneoth oeaiue, ieeneythony iaoaeeu, iaoiaeyueany ia aicaeooa,
inoaaony neaae ia niaao, anee i?ioae /aeiaae e o.i. Yoi ianneaiia
io?aaeaiea. Iii inouanoaeyaony a oi?ia iaoaie/aneeo e oeceei-oeie/aneeo
eciaiaiee.
Ii ia?a oneiaeiaiey i?aaiecaoeee iaoa?ee e iiyaeaiey aeecie ia Caiea o
i?inoaeoeo i?aaieciia , a oaeaea ?anoaiee noi?ie?iaaeanue niiniaiinoue
“ioaa/aoue” ia aicaeaenoaea aiaoiae n?aaeu e aeaaea onaaeaaoue
(ia?a?aaaouaaoue) i?iaeoeou yoie n?aaeu (i?eia? – ianaeiiiyaeiua
?anoaiey). Yoa oi?ia io?aaeaiey iacuaaaony ?acae?aaeeiinoueth.
?acae?aaeeiinoue oa?aeoa?ecoaony ii?aaeaeaiiie ecae?aoaeueiinoueth –
i?inoaeoee i?aaieci, ?anoaiea, aeeaioiia i?eniinaaeeaaaony e
ie?oaeathuae n?aaea.
I?ioee iiiaea ieeeeiiu eao, i?aaeaea /ai iiyaeeanue niiniaiinoue
iuouaiey, n iiiiuueth eioi?iai oaea aieaa auniei i?aaieciaaiiia aeeaia
nouanoai ia iniiaa noi?ie?iaaaoeony i?aaiia /oanoa (neooa, c?aiey,
inycaiey e ae?.) i?eia?aei niiniaiinoue io?aaeaoue ioaeaeueiua naienoaa
iauaeoia – oeaao, oi?io, oaiia?aoo?o, iyaeinoue, aeaaeiinoue e o.i. Yoi
noaei aiciiaeiui iioiio, /oi o aeeaioiuo iiyaeeny niaoeeaeueiue aiia?ao
(ia?aiay nenoaia), eioi?ue iicaieyao aeoeaece?iaaoue eo ioiioaiey n
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeie.
Aunoae oi?iie io?aaeaiey ia o?iaia aeeaioiiai oea?noaa yaeyaony
aini?eyoea, eioi?ia iicaieyao ioaaoeoue iauaeo a aai oeaeinoiinoe e
iieiioa. Ineoeea (eae ?acoeueoao acaeiiaeaenoaey iicaa n aiaoiei ie?ii)
e ineoe/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue iicaieeee aeeaioiui ia oieueei
i?eniinaaeeaaoueny e ie?oaeathuae n?aaea, ii e a ii?aaeaeaiiie ia?a
i?iyaeyoue aioo?aiithth aeoeaiinoue ii ioiioaieth e iae e aeaaea
eciaiyoue n?aaeo . Aicieeiiaaiea ineoeee o aeeaioiuo icia/aao iiyaeaiea
iaiaoa?eaeueiuo i?ioeannia. Eae iieacaee enneaaeiaaiey, a iniiaa
ineoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe eaaeao aaconeiaiua e oneiaiua ?aoeaenu
aieiaiiai iicaa. Oeaiue aaconeiaiuo ?aoeaenia yaeyaony aeieiae/aneie
i?aaeiinueeie oi?ie?iaaiey einoeieoia. Iaee/ea o aeeaioiuo iuouaiee,
aini?eyoee, “aia/aoeaiee”, “ia?aaeeaaiee”, iaee/ea yeaiaioa?iiai
(eiie?aoiiai, “i?aaeiaoiiai”) iuoeaiey anoue iniiaa aicieeiiaaiey
/aeiaa/aneiai niciaiey.
Niciaiea – aunoay oi?ia io?aaeaiey aeaenoaeoaeueiiai ie?a; naienoaaiiay
oieueei ethaeyi e naycaiiay n ?a/ueth ooieoeey iicaa, caeeth/athuayny a
iaiauaiiii e oeaeaiai?aaeaiiii io?aaeaiee aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, a
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiii iuneaiiii iino?iaiee aeaenoaee e i?aaeaeaeaiee eo
?acoeueoaoia, a ?acoiiii ?aaoee?iaaiee e naiieiio?iee?iaaiee iiaaaeaiey
/aeiaaea. “ssae?ii” niciaiey, niiniaii aai nouanoaiaaiey yaeyaony
ciaiea. Niciaiea i?eiaaeeaaeeo noauaeoo, /aeiaaeo, a ia ie?oaeathuaio
ie?o. Ii niaea?aeaieai niciaiey, niaea?aeaieai iuneae /aeiaaea yaeyaony
yoio ie?, oa eee eiua aai noi?iiu, nayce, caeiiu. Iiyoiio niciaiea
iiaeii ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue eae noauaeoeaiue ia?ac iauaeoeaiiai ie?a.
Niciaiea yoi i?aaeaea anaai iniciaiea aeeaeaeoae /oanoaaiii
aini?eieiaaiie n?aaeu e iniciaiea ia?aie/aiiie nayce n ae?oaeie eeoeaie
e aauaie, iaoiaeyueieny aia ia/eiathuaai niciaaaoue naay eiaeeaeaea; a
oi aea a?aiy iii – iniciaiea i?e?iaeu.
Niciaieth /aeiaaea i?enoue oaeea noi?iiu, eae naiiniciaiea, naiiaiaeec,
naiieiio?ieue. A iie oi?ie?othony eeoue oiaaea, eiaaea /aeiaae auaeaeyao
naay ec ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Naiiniciaiea – aaaeiaeoaa ioee/ea ineoeee
/aeiaaea io ineoeee naiuo ?acaeouo i?aaenoaaeoaeae aeeaioiiai ie?a.
Neaaeoao caiaoeoue, /oi io?aaeaiea a iaaeeaie i?e?iaea niioaaonoaoao
ia?aui o?ai oi?iai aeaeaeaiey iaoa?ee (iaoaie/aneie, oece/aneie,
oeie/aneie), io?aaeaiea a aeeaie i?e?iaea – aeieiae/aneie oi?ia, a
niciaiea – nioeeaeueiie oi?ia aeaeaeaiey iaoa?ee.
I?ienoiaeaeaiea niciaiey.
3.1. ?ieue o?oaea a oi?ie?iaaiee niciaiey.
I?ioeann noaiiaeaiey /aeiaaea aue i?ioeannii ?aceiaeaiey
einoeieoeaiie iniiau ineoeee aeeaioiuo e oi?ie?iaaiey iaoaieciia
niciaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Niciaiea iiaei aicieeiooue eeoue eae
ooieoeey aunieii?aaieciaaiiiai iicaa, eioi?ue noi?ie?iaaeny iiae
aeeyieai o?oaea e ?a/e. Ca/aoee o?oaea oa?aeoa?iu aeey aano?aeiieoaeia,
o?oae aea noae ioee/eoaeueiui i?eciaeii eo i?aaiieeia – ieoaeaio?iiia e
neiaio?iiia – ia?auo ethaeae ia caiea, iieiaeeaoeo ia/aei ecaioiaeaieth
i?oaeee e iiei?aieth iaiy. Iaaiaea?oaeueneee /aeiaae cia/eoaeueii
i?iaeaeioeny aia?aae a ecaioiaeaiee e eniieueciaaiee i?oaeee, oaaee/ee
eo anni?oeiaio e aiaeae a i?iecaiaenoai iiaue i?eeeaaeiie iaoa?eae
(iao/eeny ecaioaaeeaaoue eaiaiiua iiaee, einoyiua eaeu, no?iee aeeeeua e
i?.). Iaeiiaoe, /aeiaae nia?aiaiiiai oeia – /aeiaae ?acoiiue, iiaeiye
o?iaaiue oaoieee ia aua aieueooth aunioo.
?aoathuay ?ieue o?oaeiauo iia?aoeee a oi?ie?iaaiee /aeiaaea e aai
niciaiey iieo/eea naia iaoa?eaeueiia oeene?iaaiiia au?aaeaiea a oii, /oi
iica eae i?aai niciaiey ?acaeaaeny iaeiia?aiaiii n ?acaeoeai ?oee eae
i?aaia o?oaea. Eiaiii ?oea eae “aini?eieiathuee” ( iaiin?aaenoaaiii
nii?eeanathueeny n i?aaeiaoaie) i?aai aeaaaea iio/eoaeueiua o?iee
ae?oaei i?aaiai /oanoa, iai?eia? aeaco. Aeoeaii aeaenoaothuay ?oea o/eea
aieiao aeoiaoue, i?aaeaea /ai naia noaea i?oaeeai eniieiaiey aiee
aieiau, caaaaeiii ieaie?othuae i?aeoe/aneea aeaenoaey. A i?ioeanna
?acaeoey o?oaeiaie aeayoaeueiinoe ooi/iyeenue e iaiaauaeenue
inycaoaeueiua iuouaiey. Eiaeea i?aeoe/aneeo aeaenoaee oeene?iaaeanue a
aieiaa e i?aa?auaeanue a eiaeeo iuoeaiey: /aeiaae o/eeny aeoiaoue. E
i?aaeaea /ai i?enooieoue e aeaeo, ii oaea iia iuneaiii i?aaenoaaeoue e
aai ?acoeueoao, e niinia inouanoaeaiey, e n?aaenoaa aeinoeaeaiey yoiai
?acoeueoaoa.
Eeth/ e ?aoaieth aii?ina, eioi?ue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?ienoiaeaeaiea
/aeiaaea e aai niciaiey caeeth/aaony a iaeiii neiaa – o?oae. Eae
aiai?eony, iaeaay eeeiie naiaai eaiaiiiai oiii?a, /aeiaae a oi aea a?aiy
iooa/eaae eacaea naieo oinoaaiiuo niiniaiinoae.
Aianoa n aicieeiiaaieai o?oaea oi?ie?iaaeny /aeiaae e /aeiaa/aneia
iauanoai. Eieeaeoeaiue o?oae i?aaeiieaaaao nio?oaeie/anoai ethaeae e oai
naiui oioy au yeaiaioa?iia ?acaeaeaiea o?oaeiauo aeaenoaee iaaeaeo aai
o/anoieeaie. ?acaeaeaiea o?oaeiauo oneeee aiciiaeii eeoue a oii neo/aa,
anee o/anoieee eae-oi iniuneeaatho naycue naieo aeaenoaee n aeaenoaeyie
ae?oaeo /eaiia eieeaeoeaa e oai naiui n aeinoeaeaieai eiia/iie oeaee.
Oi?ie?iaaiea niciaiey /aeiaaea naycaii n aicieeiiaaieai iauanoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee, eioi?ua o?aaiaaee iiae/eiaiey aeecie eiaeeaeaea
nioeeaeueii-oeene?iaaiiie nenoaia iio?aaiinoae, iaycaiiinoae,
enoi?e/anee neiaeeaoeony iau/aaa e i?aaia.
3.2. ?ieue ycuea e iauaiey
a oi?ie?iaaiee e ?acaeoee niciaiey.
sscue oaeaea ae?aaai, eae e niciaiea. O aeeaioiuo iao niciaiey a
/aeiaa/aneii niunea neiaa. Iao o ieo e ycuea, ?aaiiai /aeiaa/aneiio. Oi
iaiiiaia, /oi aeeaioiua eiatho niiaueoue ae?oa ae?oao, iiaeao auoue
niiauaii e aac ?a/e. Iiiaea aeeaioiua iaeaaeatho aieiniauie i?aaiaie ,
ieieei – aeanoeeoey?iuie iaoiaeaie neaiaeecaoeee, iaeiaei ana yoe
n?aaenoaa eiatho i?eioeeieaeueiia ioee/ea io /aeiaa/aneie ?a/e: iie
neoaeao au?aaeaieai noauaeoeaiiai ninoiyiey, aucuaaaiiai aieiaeii,
aeaaeaeie, no?aoii e o.ae., eeai i?inoui oeacaieai, eeai i?ecuaii e
niaianoiui aeaenoaeyi eee i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieai ia iianiinoe e o.i. sscue
aeeaioiuo ieeiaaea ia aeinoeaaao a naiae ooieoeee aeoa iieaaaiey
iaeioi?iai aano?aeoiiai niunea a ea/anoaa i?aaeiaoa iauaiey.
Niaea?aeaieai iauaiey aeeaioiuo anaaaea yaeyaony iaee/iay a aeaiiue
iiiaio neooaoeey. *aeiaa/aneay aea ?a/ue ioi?aaeanue io naiae
neooaoeaiinoe, e yoi auea “?aaiethoeey”, ii?iaeeaoay /aeiaa/aneia
niciaiea e naeaeaaoay niaea?aeaieai ?a/e eaeaaeueiia, iiin?aaeiaaiii
aini?iecaiaeyuaa iauaeoeaioth ?aaeueiinoue.
Ieieei – aeanoeeoey?iua e caoeiaua n?aaenoaa acaeiiiai iauaiey i?aaeaea
anaai aunoeo aeeaioiuo e iineoaeeee aeieiae/aneie i?aaeiinueeie
oi?ie?iaaiey /aeiaa/aneie ?a/e. ?acaeoea o?oaea niinianoaiaaei oaniiio
niei/aieth /eaiia iauanoaa. O ethaeae iiyaeeanue iaiaoiaeeiinoue /oi-oi
neacaoue ae?oa ae?oao. Iio?aaiinoue nicaeaea i?aai – niioaaonoaothuaa
no?iaiea iicaa e ia?eoa?e/aneiai ?a/aaiai aiia?aoa. Oeceieiae/aneee
iaoaieci ia?aciaaiey ?a/e – oneiaii-?aoeaeoi?iue : i?ieciineiua a oie
eee eiie neooaoeee caoee, nii?iaiaeaeaaiua aeanoaie, ni/aoaeenue a iicao
n niioaaonoaothueie i?aaeiaoaie e aeaenoaeyie, a caoai n eaeaaeueiuie
yaeaieyie niciaiey. Caoe ec au?aaeaiey yiioeee i?aa?aoeeny a n?aaenoai
iaicia/aiey ia?acia i?aaeiaoia, eo naienoa e ioiioaiee.
Nouiinoue ycuea auyaeyaony a aai aeaoaaeeiie ooieoeee: neoaeeoue
n?aaenoaii iauaiey e i?oaeeai iuoeaiey. sscue – yoi nenoaia
niaea?aeaoaeueiuo cia/eiuo oi?i. Niciaiea e ycue ia?acotho aaeeinoai: a
naiai nouanoaiaaiee iie i?aaeiieaaatho ae?oa ae?oaa eae aioo?aiia,
eiae/anee ioi?ieaiiia eaeaaeueiia niaea?aeaiea i?aaeiieaaaao naith
aiaoithth iaoa?eaeueioth oi?io. sscue anoue iaiin?aaenoaaiiay
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue iunee, niciaiey. Ii o/anoaoao a i?ioeanna
iuneeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe eae aa /oanoaaiiay iniiaa eee i?oaeea.
Niciaiea ia oieueei auyaeyaony, ii e oi?ie?oaony n iiiiuueth ycuea.
Naycue iaaeaeo niciaieai e ycueii ia iaoaie/aneay, a i?aaie/aneay. Eo
iaeuecy ioaeaeeoue ae?oa io ae?oaa ia ?ac?ooay oiai e ae?oaiai.
Iin?aaenoaii ycuea i?ienoiaeeo ia?aoiae io aini?eyoee e i?aaenoaaeaiee e
iiiyoeyi, i?ioaeaao i?ioeann iia?e?iaaiey iiiyoeyie. A ?a/e /aeiaae
oeene?oao naie iunee, /oanoaa e aeaaiaea?y yoiio eiaao aiciiaeiinoue
iiaeaa?aaoue eo aiaeeco eae aia aai eaaeauee eaeaaeueiue iauaeo.
Au?aaeay naie iunee e /oanoaa /aeiaae io/aoeeaaa oyniyao eo nai. Ii
iiieiaao naay oieueei eniuoaa ia ae?oaeo iiiyoiinoue naieo neia. sscue e
niciaiea aaeeiu. A yoii aaeeinoaa ii?aaeaeythuae noi?iiie yaeyaony
niciaiea, iuoeaiea: aoaeo/e io?aaeaieai aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, iii “eaieo”
oi?iu e aeeeooao caeiiu naiaai ycueiaiai auoey. *a?ac niciaiea e
i?aeoeeo no?oeoo?a ycuea a eiia/iii n/aoa au?aaeaao, oioy e a
iiaeeoeoee?iaaiiii aeaea, no?oeoo?o auoey. Ii aaeeinoai – yoi ia
oiaeaeanoai. Iaa noi?iiu yoiai aaeeinoaa ioee/athony ae?oa io ae?oaa:
niciaiea io?aaeaao aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue, a ycue iaicia/aao aa e au?aaeaao
a iunee. ?a/ue – yoi ia iuoeaiea, eia/a aaee/aeoea aieooiu aeieaeiu auee
au auoue aaee/aeoeie iuneeoaeyie.
sscue e niciaiea ia?acotho i?ioeai?a/eaia aaeeinoai. sscue aeeyao ia
niciaiea: aai enoi?e/anee neiaeeaoeany ii?iu, niaoeeoe/iua o eaaeaeiai
ia?iaea, a iaeiii e oii aea iauaeoa iooaiytho ?acee/iua i?eciaee.
Iaeiaei caaeneiinoue iuoeaiey io ycuea ia yaeyaony aaniethoiie. Iuoeaiea
aeaoa?ieie?oaony aeaaiui ia?acii naieie naycyie n aeaenoaeoaeueiinoueth,
ycue aea iiaeao eeoue /anoe/ii iiaeeoeoee?iaaoue oi?io e noeeue
iuoeaiey.
Ninoiyiea i?iaeaiu niioiioaiey iuoeaiey e ycuea aua aeaeaei aei
caaa?oaiey, iii niaea?aeeo aua iiiaeanoai eioa?aniuo aniaeoia aeey
enneaaeiaaiey.
4. No?oeoo?a niciaiey.
Iiiyoea “niciaiea” ia iaeiicia/ii. A oe?ieii niunea neiaa iiae iei
eiatho a aeaeo ineoe/aneia io?aaeaiea aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, iacaaeneii io
oiai, ia eaeii o?iaia iii inouanoaeyaony – aeieiae/aneii eee
nioeeaeueiii, /oanoaaiiii eee ?aoeeiiaeueiii. Eiaaea eiatho a aeaeo
niciaiea a yoii oe?ieii niunea, oi oai naiui iiae/a?eeaatho aai
ioiioaiea e iaoa?ee aac auyaeaiey niaoeeoeee aai no?oeoo?iie
i?aaiecaoeee.
A aieaa oceii e niaoeeaeueiii cia/aiee iiae niciaieai eiatho a aeaeo ia
i?inoi ineoe/aneia ninoiyiea, a aunooth, nianoaaiii /aeiaa/aneoth oi?io
io?aaeaiey aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Niciaiea caeanue no?oeoo?ii i?aaieciaaii,
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oeaeinoioth nenoaio, ninoiyuoth ec ?acee/iuo
yeaiaioia, iaoiaeyueony iaaeaeo niaie a caeiiiia?iuo ioiioaieyo. A
no?oeoo?a niciaiey iaeaieaa io/aoeeai auaeaeythony i?aaeaea anaai oaeea
iiiaiou, eae iniciaiea aauae, a oaeaea ia?aaeeaaiea , oi anoue
ii?aaeaeaiiia ioiioaiea e niaea?aeaieth oiai, /oi io?aaeaaony. Niinia,
eaeei nouanoaoao niciaiea, e eaeei ia/oi nouanoaoao aeey iaai, yoi –
ciaiea. ?acaeoea niciaiey i?aaeiieaaaao i?aaeaea anaai iaiaauaiea aai
iiauie ciaieyie ia ie?oaeathuai ie?a e i naiii /aeiaaea. Iiciaiea,
iniciaiea aauae eiaao ?acee/iua o?iaie, aeoaeio i?iieeiiaaiey a iauaeo e
noaiaiue yniinoe iiieiaiey. Ionthaea iauaeaiiia, iao/iia, oeeinioneia,
ynoaoe/aneia e ?aeeaeiciia iniciaiea ie?a, a oaeaea /oanoaaiiue e
?aoeeiiaeueiue o?iaie niciaiey. Iuouaiey, aini?eyoey, i?aaenoaaeaiey,
iiiyoey, iuoeaiea ia?acotho yae?i niciaiey. Iaeiaei iie ia en/a?iuaatho
anae aai no?oeoo?iie iieiiou: iii aeeth/aao a naay e aeo aieiaiey eae
naie iaiaoiaeeiue eiiiiiaio. Eiaiii aeaaiaea?y nin?aaeioi/aiiinoe
aieiaiey ii?aaeaeaiiue e?oa iauaeoia iaoiaeeony a oieona niciaiey.
Aicaeaenoaothuea ia ian i?aaeiaou, niauoey aucuaatho a ian ia oieueei
iiciaaaoaeueiua ia?acu, iunee, eaeae, ii e yiioeeiiaeueiua “ao?e”,
canoaaeythuea ian o?aiaoaoue, aieiiaaoueny, aiyoueny, ieaeaoue,
ainoeuaoueny, ethaeo e iaiaaeaeaoue. Iiciaiea e oai?/anoai – yoi ia
oieiaeii-?annoaei/iia, a no?anoiia eneaiea enoeiu.
Aac /aeiaa/aneeo yiioeee ieeiaaea ia auaaei, iao e auoue ia iiaeao
/aeiaa/aneiai eneaiey enoeiu. Aiaaoaeoay noa?a yiioeeiiaeueiie aeecie
/aeiaa/aneie ee/iinoe aeeth/aao a naay nianoaaiii /oanoaa,
i?aaenoaaeythuea niaie ioiioaiea e aiaoiei aicaeaenoaeyi
(oaeiaieuenoaea, ?aaeinoue, ai?a e ae?.), iano?iaiea eee yiioeeiiaeueiia
naii/oanoaea (aanaeia, iiaeaaeaiiia e o.ae.) e aooaeou (y?inoue, oaean,
io/ayiea e o. i.).
A neeo ii?aaeaeaiiiai ioiioaiey e iauaeoo iiciaiey ciaiey iieo/atho
?acee/ioth cia/eiinoue aeey ee/iinoe, /oi iaoiaeeo naia iaeaieaa y?eia
au?aaeaiea a oaaaeaeaieyo: iie i?iieeioou aeoaieeie e onoie/eauie
/oanoaaie. A yoi yaeyaony iieacaoaeai iniaie oeaiiinoe aeey /aeiaaea
ciaiee, noaaoeo aai aeeciaiiui i?eaioe?ii.
*oanoaa, yiioeee nooue eiiiiiaiou /aeiaa/aneiai niciaiey. I?ioeann
iiciaaaiey cao?aaeaaao ana noi?iiu aioo?aiiaai ie?a /aeiaaea –
iio?aaiinoe, eioa?anu, /oanoaa, aieth. Enoeiiia iiciaiea /aeiaaeii ie?a
niaea?aeeo a naaa eae ia?aciia au?aaeaiea, oae e /oanoaa.
Iiciaiea ia ia?aie/eaaaony iiciaaaoaeueiuie i?ioeannaie, iai?aaeaiiuie
ia iauaeo (aieiaiea), yiioeeiiaeueiie noa?ie. Iaoe iaia?aiey
i?aoai?ythony a aeaei aeaaiaea?y oneeeyi aiee. Iaeiaei niciaiea – yoi ia
noiia iiiaeanoaa ninoaaeythueo aai yeaiaioia, a eo aa?iiie/iia
iauaaeeiaiea, eo eioaa?aeueiia neiaeiino?oeoo?e?iaaiiia oeaeia.
Niciaiea – naienoai aunieii?aaieciaaiiie iaoa?ee.
Niciaiea e iica.
*aeiaa/aneee iica – ii?aceoaeueii neiaeiia ia?aciaaiea, oii/aeoee
ia?aiue aiia?ao. Yoi naiinoiyoaeueiay nenoaia e aianoa n oai
iiaenenoaia, aeeth/aiiay a ninoaa oeaeinoiiai i?aaiecia e
ooieoeeiie?othuay a aaeeinoaa n iei, ?aaoee?othuay aai aioo?aiiea
i?ioeannu e acaeiiioiioaiey n aiaoiei ie?ii. Eaeea aea oaeou
iaii?iaa?aeeii aeieacuaatho, /oi eiaiii iica anoue i?aai niciaiey, a
niciaiea – ooieoeey /aeiaa/aneiai iicaa?
I?aaeaea anaai oio oaeo, /oi io o?iaiy neiaeiinoe i?aaiecaoeee iicaa
caaeneo e o?iaaiue io?aaeaoaeueii-eiino?oeoeaiie niiniaiinoe niciaiey.
Iica ia?aiauoiiai, noaaeiiai /aeiaaea aue neaai ?acaeo e iia neoaeeoue
i?aaiii eeoue i?eieoeaiiai niciaiey. Iica nia?aiaiiiai /aeiaaea,
noi?ie?iaaaoeeny a ?acoeueoaoa aeeeoaeueiie aeinioeeaeueiie yaiethoeee,
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie neiaeiii?aaieciaaiiue i?aai. Caaeneiinoue o?iaiy
niciaiey io noaiaie i?aaiecaoeee iicaa iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony aua e oai, /oi
niciaiea ?aaaiea oi?ie?oaony, eae ecaanoii, a nayce n ?acaeoeai aai
iicaa, a eiaaea iica aeoaieiai noa?oea ae?yoeaao, oaanatho e ooieoeee
niciaiey.
Ii?iaeueiay ineoeea iaaiciiaeia aia ii?iaeueii ooieoeeiie?othuaai iicaa.
Eae oieueei ia?ooaaony e oai aieaa ?ac?ooaaony ooii/aiiay no?oeoo?a
i?aaiecaoeee iaoa?ee iicaa, ?ac?ooathony e no?oeoo?u niciaiey. Eiaaea
iia?aaeaeathony eiaiua aeiee, aieueiua ia iiaoo i?iaeooee?iaaoue e
inouanoaeyoue neiaeiua i?ia?aiiu iiaaaeaiey; iie ia eiatho onoie/eauo
iaia?aiee e eaaei aicaoaeaeathony iiai/iuie ?acae?aaeeoaeyie. I?e
ii?aaeaiee caouei/ii-oaiaiiuo ioaeaeia ei?u eaaiai iieooa?ey ia?ooathony
i?eaioe?iaea a i?ino?ainoaa, iia?e?iaaiea aaiiao?e/aneeie ioiioaieyie e
o.ae. Ecaanoii, eae aeaoi?ie?oaony aeooiaiue ie? ee/iinoe, a ia?aaeei
i?ienoiaeeo aa iieiay aeaa?aaeaoeey, anee /aeiaae nenoaiaoe/anee
io?aaeyao naie iica aeeiaieai, ia?eioeeaie.
Yenia?eiaioaeueiua aeaiiua ?acee/iuo iaoe, oaeeo eae ineoioeceieiaey,
oeceieiaey aunoae ia?aiie aeayoaeueiinoe e ae?., iaii?iaa?aeeii
naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i oii, /oi niciaiea iaioaeaeeii io iicaa: iaeuecy
ioaeaeeoue iuneue io iaoa?ee, eioi?ay iuneeo. Iica n aai neiaeiuie
aeioeie/aneeie, oeceieiae/aneeie, ia?aiuie i?ioeannaie yaeyaony
iaoa?eaeueiui noano?aoii niciaiey. Niciaiea anaaaea naycaii n yoeie
i?ioaeathueie a iicao i?ioeannaie e ia nouanoaoao iiieii ieo. Ii ia iie
ninoaaeytho nouiinoue niciaiey.
5.2. Iaoa?eaeueiia e eaeaaeueiia. Ia?ac e i?aaeiao.
Oeceieiae/aneea iaoaieciu ineoe/aneeo yaeaiee ia oiaeaeanoaaiiu
niaea?aeaieth naiie ineoeee, i?aaenoaaeythuae niaie io?aaeaiea
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe a aeaea noauaeoeaiuo ia?acia.
Aeeaeaeoeei-iaoa?eaeenoe/aneay eiioeaioeey niciaiey ia niaianoeia ie n
eaeaaeenoe/aneeie aicc?aieyie, io?uaathueie ineoe/aneea yaeaiey io
iicaa, ie ni acaeyaeaie oae iacuaaaiuo aoeueaa?iuo iaoa?eaeenoia,
io?eoeathueo niaoeeoeeo ineoe/aneiai.
Io?aaeaiea aauae, eo naienoa e ioiioaiee a iicao, ?acoiaaony, ia
icia/aao eo ia?aiauaiey a iica eee ia?aciaaiey eo oece/aneeo ioia/aoeia
a iai iaiiaeiaea ioia/aoeia ia ainea. Iica ia aeaoi?ie?oaony, ia neiaao,
ia oieiaeaao, eiaaea ia iaai ieacuaatho aicaeaenoaea oaa?aeua, neiea e
oieiaeiua i?aaeiaou. Ia?aaeeaaaiue ia?ac aiaoiae aaue anoue ia/oi
noauaeoeaiia, eaeaaeueiia. Ii ia naiaeei ie e naiiio iaoa?eaeueiiio
iauaeoo, iaoiaeyuaiony aia iicaa, ie e oai oeceieiae/aneei i?ioeannai,
eioi?ua i?ienoiaeyo a iicao e ii?iaeaeatho yoio ia?ac. Eaeaaeueiia anoue
ia /oi eiia, eae iaoa?eaeueiia, “ia?anaaeaiiia” a /aeiaa/aneoth aieiao e
i?aia?aciaaiiia a iae.
Aeooiaiue ie? /aeiaaea iaaiciiaeii ie inycaoue, ie aeaeaoue, ie
neuoaoue, ie iaia?oaeeoue eaeeie-eeai i?eai?aie eee oeie/aneeie
?aaeoeaaie. A iicao /aeiaaea ieeoi aua ia iaoae iaiin?aaenoaaiii ie
iaeiie iunee: iuneue, eaeaaeueiia ia eiaao nouanoaiaaiey a oece/aneii e
oeceieiae/aneii niunea yoiai neiaa. Aianoa n oai, iunee, eaeae ?aaeueiu.
Iie nouanoaotho. Iiyoiio iaeuecy n/eoaoue eaeath /ai-oi
“iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui”. Iaeiaei, aa aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue, ?aaeueiinoue ia
iaoa?eaeueia, a eaeaaeueia. Yoi iao aioo?aiiee ie?, iaoa ee/iia,
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia niciaiea, a oaeaea aanue ie? “iaaeee/iie“ aeooiaiie
eoeueoo?u /aeiaa/anoaa, oi anoue aiaoia iauaeoeae?iaaiiua eaeaaeueiua
yaeaiey. Iiyoiio ieeae iaeuecy neacaoue, /oi ?aaeueiaa – iaoa?ey eee
niciaiea. Iaoa?ey -iauaeoeaiay, a niciaiea – noauaeoeaiay ?aaeueiinoue.
Niciaiea i?eiaaeeaaeeo /aeiaaeo eae noauaeoo, a ia iauaeoeaiiio ie?o. Ia
nouanoaoao “ie/ueeo” iuouaiee, iuneae, /oanoa. Anyeia iuouaiea, iuneue,
eaeay anoue iuouaiea, iuneue, eaeay eiie?aoiiai /aeiaaea.
Noauaeoeaiinoue aea ia?aca – yoi ioithaeue ia i?iecaieueiia i?eaianaiea
/aai-oi io noauaeoa: iauaeoeaiay enoeia anoue oiaea noauaeoeaiia
yaeaiea. Aianoa n oai, noauaeoeaiia aunooiaao e a niunea iaiieiie
aaeaeaaoiinoe ia?aca i?eaeiaeo.
Niaea?aeaiea iuneaiiiai ia?aca i?aaeiaoa ii?aaeaeyaony ia
aiaoiii-oeceieiae/aneie i?aaiecaoeeae /aeiaaea e ia oai, /oi iiciathuee
noauaeo iaoiaeeo iaiin?aaenoaaiii a i?e?iaea ia iniiaa naiaai
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai iiuoa. Aai niaea?aeaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
neioaoe/aneoth oa?aeoa?enoeeo iauaeoa, iieo/aiioth a oiaea
i?aaeiaoii-i?aia?acothuae aeayoaeueiinoe. Yoei ioe?uaaaony
i?eioeeieaeueiay aiciiaeiinoue iauaeoeaiiai eco/aiey niciaiey: iii
iiaeao auoue iiciaii /a?ac oi?iu naiaai auyaeaiey a
/oanoaaiii-i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Noauaeoeaiue ia?ac eae ciaiea, eae aeooiaiay ?aaeueiinoue e
oeceieiae/aneea i?ioeannu eae aai iaoa?eaeueiue noano?ao – ea/anoaaiii
?aciua yaeaiey. Iaiiieiaiea yoie ea/anoaaiiie niaoeeoeee ii?iaeaeaei
iaoaie/aneoth oaiaeaioeeth eo ioiaeaeanoaeaiey. Aaniethoecaoeey aea
niaoeeoeee niciaiey eae noauaeoeaiiai ia?aca ii?iaeaeaao oaiaeaioeeth
i?ioeaiiinoaaeyoue eaeaaeueiia e iaoa?eaeueiia e aeiaiaeeoue
i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea aei iieiiai ?aniaaea ie?a ia aeaa noanoaioeee –
aeooiaioth e iaoa?eaeueioth.
Niciaiea e iauaeoeaiue ie? – i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoe, ia?acothuea aaeeinoai.
Iniiaie aai yaeyaony i?aeoeea, /oanoaaiii-i?aaeiaoiay aeayoaeueiinoue
ethaeae. Eiaiii iia e ii?iaeaeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue ineoe/aneiai
niciaoaeueiiai io?aaeaiey aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue niciaiey,
e i?e yoii niciaiey, aeathuaai aa?iia io?aaeaiea ie?a, eaaeeo a oneiaeyo
e o?aaiaaieyo naiie aeecie.
5.3. Aeoeaiinoue niciaiey.
*aeiaae io?aaeaao aiaoiee ie? ia a ianneaiii nica?oeaiee, a a i?ioeanna
i?aeoe/aneie, i?aia?acothuae aeayoaeueiinoe. Niciaiea oa?aeoa?ecoaony ia
oieueei eae io?aaeaiea ie?a, ii e eae oaeay aeooiaiay aeayoaeueiinoue,
eioi?ay iai?aaeaia ia aeoeaiia, oai?/aneia i?aia?aciaaiea
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Niaea?aeaiea niciaiey iaycaoaeueii oae eee eia/a i?aeoe/anee
?aaeecoaony. Ii aeey yoiai iii i?eia?aoaao oa?aeoa? caiunea, eee eaeae.
Eaeay – yoi ia oieueei ciaiea oiai, /oi anoue, ii e ieaie?iaaiea oiai,
/oi aeieaeii auoue. Eaeay – yoi iiiyoea, i?eaioe?iaaiiia ia
i?aeoe/aneoth ?aaeecaoeeth.
Oai?/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue niciaiey oanii naycaia n i?aeoe/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoueth /aeiaaea e n iio?aaiinoyie, aicieeathueie iiae
aeeyieai aiaoiaai ie?a. Iio?aaiinoe, io?aaeaynue a aieiaa /aeiaaea,
i?eia?aoatho oa?aeoa? oeaee. Oeaeue – yoi eaeaaeece?iaaiiay e iaoaaeoay
naie i?aaeiao iio?aaiinoue /aeiaaea, oaeie noauaeoeaiue ia?ac i?aaeiaoa
aeayoaeueiinoe, a eaeaaeueiie oi?ia eioi?iai i?aaeainoeuaaony ?acoeueoao
yoie aeayoaeueiinoe. Oeaee oi?ie?othony ia iniiaa anaai niaieoiiiai
iiuoa /aeiaa/anoaa e iiaeieiathony aei aunoeo oi?i naiaai i?iyaeaiey a
aeaea nioeeaeueiuo, yoe/aneeo e ynoaoe/aneeo eaeaaeia. Niiniaiinoue e
oeaeaiieaaaieth – niaoeeoe/anee /aeiaa/aneay niiniaiinoue, ninoaaeythuay
ea?aeeiaeueioth oa?aeoa?enoeeo niciaiey. Niciaiea noaei au iaioaeiie
?ineioueth, anee au iii aueue eeoaii oeaeaiieaaaiey, oi anoue
niiniaiinoe iuneaiiiai i?aia?aciaaiey aauae a niioaaonoaee n
iauanoaaiiuie iio?aaiinoyie. Oaeei ia?acii, acaeiiioiioaiey
oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea e i?e?iaeu ia naiaeyony e
i?inoiio niaiaaeaieth. A iniiaa oeaeaiieaaathuae aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea
eaaeeo iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue ie?ii e no?aieaiea eciaieoue aai, i?eaeaoue
aio oi?iu, iaiaoiaeeiua /aeiaaeo, iauanoao. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, e oeaee
/aeiaaea ii?iaeaeaiu iauanoaaiiie i?aeoeeie, iauaeoeaiui ie?ii e
i?aaeiieaaatho aai.
Ii /aeiaa/aneay iuneue niiniaia ia oieueei io?aaeaoue iaiin?aaenoaaiii
nouanoaothuaa, ii e io?uaaoueny io iaai. Aaneiia/ii iiiaiia?aciue
iauaeoeaiue ie? anaie naieie e?aneaie e oi?iaie eae au naaoeony,
io?aaeaynue a ca?eaea iaoaai “y” e ia?acoy ia iaiaa neiaeiue,
iiiaiia?aciue e oaeeaeoaeueii eciai/eaue ie?. A yoii i?e/oaeeeaii
oea?noaa aeooa, nianoaaiiii aeooiaiii i?ino?ainoaa, aeaeaeaony e oai?eo
/aeiaa/aneay iuneue. A niciaiee ethaeae aicieeatho e aa?iua e
eeethci?iua i?aaenoaaeaiey. Iuneue e aeaeaeaony ii aioiaui oaaeiiai e
i?ieeaaeuaaao iiaua iooe, eiiay onoa?aaoea ii?iu. Iia iaeaaeaao
/oaeaniie niiniaiinoueth iiaaoi?noaa, oai?/anoaa.
I?eciaiea aeoeaiiai, oai?/aneiai oa?aeoa?a niciaiey yaeyaony
iaiaoiaeeiui o?aaiaaieai iiieiaiey /aeiaa/aneie ee/iinoe: ethaee anoue
i?iaeoeou e oai?oeu enoi?ee. Naycue n aeaenoaeoaeueiinoueth inouanoaeyao
ia naii ii naaa niciaiea, a ?aaeueiua ethaee, i?aeoe/anee i?aia?acothuea
ie?. Iauaeoeaiue ie?, aicaeaenoaoy ia /aeiaaea e io?aaeaynue a aai
niciaiee, i?aa?auaaony a eaeaaeueiia. Aoaeo/e neaaenoaeai aicaeaenoaey
aiaoiaai ie?a eae i?e/eiu, niciaiea, eaeaaeueiia, a naith i/a?aaeue,
aunooiaao a ?iee i?iecaiaeiie i?e/eiu: niciaiea /a?ac i?aeoeeo ieacuaaao
ia?aoiia aeeyiea ia ii?iaeeaooth aai aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue.
Aeoeaiinoue naienoaaiia ia oieueei eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiio, ee/iiio, ii e
iauanoaaiiiio niciaieth, i?aaeaea anaai i?ia?anneaiui eaeayi, eioi?ua,
iaeaaeaaay iannaie, noaiiayony “iaoa?eaeueiie neeie”.
6. Iauanoaaiiia niciaiea e aai i?aia?aciaaoaeueiay
neea.
Niciaiea iaaiciiaeii auaanoe ec iaeiiai eeoue i?ioeanna io?aaeaiey
iauaeoia i?e?iaeiiai ie?a: ioiioaiea “noauaeo-iauaeo” ia iiaeao
ii?iaeeoue niciaiey. Aeey yoiai noauaeo aeieaeai auoue aeeth/ai a aieaa
neiaeioth nenoaio nioeeaeueiie i?aeoeee, a eiioaeno iauanoaaiiie aeecie.
Eaaeaeue ec ian, i?eoiaey a yoio ie?, ianeaaeoao aeooiaioth eoeueoo?o,
eioi?oth iu aeieaeiu inaieoue, /oiau ia?anoe nianoaaiii /aeiaa/aneoth
nouiinoue e auoue niiniaiuie iuneeoue ii-/aeiaa/anee. Iu anooiaai a
aeeaeia n iauanoaaiiui niciaieai, e yoi i?ioeainoiyuaa iai niciaiea
anoue ?aaeueiinoue, oaeay aea, eae, iai?eia?, ainoaea?noai eee caeii. Iu
iiaeai acaoioiaaoueny i?ioea yoie aeooiaiie neeu, ii oae aea, eae e a
neo/aa n ainoaea?noaii, iao aoio iiaeao ieacaoueny ia oieueei
aanniuneaiiui, ii e o?aae/iui, anee iu ia aoaeai o/eouaaoue oa oi?iu e
niiniau aeooiaiie aeecie, eioi?ua iai iauaeoeaii i?ioeainoiyo. *oiau
i?aia?aciaaoue enoi?e/anee neiaeeaoothny nenoaio aeooiaiie aeecie,
ioaeii ath nia/aea iaeaaeaoue.
Iauanoaaiiia niciaiea aicieeei iaeiia?aiaiii e a aaeeinoaa n
aicieeiiaaieai iauanoaaiiiai auoey. I?e?iaea a oeaeii aac?acee/ii
nouanoaiaaiea /aeiaa/aneiai ?acoia, a iauanoai ia iiaei au aac iaai ia
oieueei aicieeiooue e ?acaeaaoueny, ii e i?inouanoaiaaoue ie iaeiiai
aeiy e /ana. A neeo oiai, /oi iauanoai anoue iauaeoeaii-noauaeoeaiay
?aaeueiinoue, iauanoaaiiia auoea e iauanoaaiiia niciaiea eae au
“iaa?oaeaiu” ae?oa ae?oaii: aac yia?aee niciaiey iauanoaaiiia auoea
noaoe/ii e aeaaea ia?oai.
Niciaiea ?aaeecoaony a aeaoo eiinoanyo: io?aaeaoaeueiie e
aeoeaii-oai?/aneie niiniaiinoyo. Nouiinoue niciaiey a oii e ninoieo, /oi
iii iiaeao io?aaeaoue iauanoaaiiia auoea oieueei i?e oneiaee
iaeiia?aiaiiiai aeoeaii-oai?/aneiai i?aia?aciaaiey aai. Ooieoeey
iia?aaeathuaai io?aaeaiey niciaiey iaeaieaa /aoei ?aaeecoaony a
ioiioaiee iauanoaaiiiai auoey, eioi?ia nouanoaaiiui ia?acii naycaii n
ono?aieaiiinoueth a aoaeouaa. Yoi iaiaeiie?aoii iiaeoaa?aeaeaeinue a
enoi?ee oai ianoiyoaeuenoaii, /oi eaeae, a /anoiinoe
nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneea, iiaoo iia?aaeaoue iaee/iia ninoiyiea iauanoaa
e aeaaea i?aia?aciauaaoue aai. Iauanoai anoue iaoa?eaeueii-eaeaaeueiay
?aaeueiinoue. Niaieoiiinoue iaiauaiiuo i?aaenoaaeaiee, eaeae, oai?ee,
/oanoa, i?aaia, o?aaeeoeee e o.i., oi anoue oiai, /oi ninoaaeyao
niaea?aeaiea iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey e ia?acoao aeooiaioth ?aaeueiinoue,
aunooiaao ninoaaiie /anoueth iauanoaaiiiai auoey, oae eae iii aeaii
niciaieth ioaeaeueiiai eiaeeaeaea.
Ii iiae/a?eeaay aaeeinoai iauanoaaiiiai auoey e iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey,
iaeuecy caauaaoue e eo ?acee/ea, niaoeeoe/aneoth ?acuaaeeiaiiinoue.
Enoi?e/aneay acaeiinaycue iauanoaaiiiai auoey e iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey a
eo ioiineoaeueiie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe ?aaeecoaony oaeei ia?acii, /oi anee
ia ?aiieo yoaiao ?acaeoey iauanoaa iauanoaaiiia niciaiea oi?ie?iaaeinue
iiae iaiin?aaenoaaiiui aicaeaenoaeai auoey, oi a aeaeueiaeoai yoi
aicaeaenoaea i?eia?aoaei ana aieaa iiin?aaeiaaiiue oa?aeoa? – /a?ac
ainoaea?noai, iieeoe/aneea, i?aaiaua ioiioaiey e ae?., a ia?aoiia
aicaeaenoaea iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey ia auoea i?eia?aoaao, iai?ioea, ana
aieaa iaiin?aaenoaaiiue oa?aeoa?. Naia aiciiaeiinoue oaeiai
iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai aicaeaenoaey iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey ia iauanoaaiiia
auoea caeeth/aaony a niiniaiinoe niciaiey i?aaeeueii io?aaeaoue auoea.
Eoae, niciaiea eae io?aaeaiea e eae aeoeaii-oai?/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aaeeinoai aeaoo ia?acaeaeueiuo noi?ii iaeiiai e oiai
aea i?ioeanna: a naiai aeeyiee ia auoea iii iiaeao eae ioeaieaaoue aai,
ane?uaay aai iioaaiiue niune, i?iaiice?iaaoue, oae e /a?ac i?aeoe/aneoth
aeayoaeueiinoue ethaeae i?aia?aciauaaoue aai. A iiyoiio iauanoaaiiia
niciaiea yiioe iiaeao ia oieueei io?aaeaoue auoea, ii aeoeaii
niinianoaiaaoue aai ia?ano?ieea. A yoii e caeeth/aaony oa enoi?e/anee
neiaeeaoayny ooieoeey iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey, eioi?ay aeaeaao aai
iauaeoeaii iaiaoiaeeiui e ?aaeueii nouanoaothuei yeaiaioii ethaiai
iauanoaaiiiai ono?ienoaa.
Oio oaeo, /oi iauanoaaiiia niciaiea aeeth/aao a naay ?aciua o?iaie
(iauaeaiii-aeeoaeneia, oai?aoe/aneia, iauanoaaiioth ineoieiaeth,
eaeaieiaeth e o.ae.), e oi, /oi eaaeaeui o?iaiai niciaiey iauanoaaiiia
auoea io?aaeaaony ii-?aciiio, eae ?ac e ninoaaeyao ?aaeueioth
neiaeiinoue a iiieiaiee oaiiiaia iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey. E iiyoiio
iaeuecy ?anniao?eaaoue aai eae i?inooth noiio iiiyoee “niciaiea” e
“iauanoaaiiia”.
Iaeaaeay iauaeoeaiie i?e?iaeie e eiiaiaioiuie caeiiaie ?acaeoey,
iauanoaaiiia niciaiea iiaeao eae ionoaaaoue, oae e iia?aaeaoue auoea a
?aieao caeiiiia?iiai aeey aeaiiiai iauanoaa yaiethoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna. A
yoii ieaia iauanoaaiiia niciaiea iiaeao ea?aoue ?ieue aeoeaiiai
noeioeyoi?a iauanoaaiiiai i?ioeanna, eeai iaoaiecia aai oi?iiaeaiey.
Iiuiay i?aia?aciaaoaeueiay neea iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey niiniaia
aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia ana auoea a oeaeii, ane?uaay niune aai yaiethoeee e
i?aaeneacuaay ia?niaeoeau. A yoii ieaia iii ioee/aaony io noauaeoeaiiai
(a niunea noauaeoeaiie ?aaeueiinoe) eiia/iiai e ia?aie/aiiiai
ioaeaeueiui /aeiaaeii eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai niciaiey. Aeanoue iauanoaaiiiai
oeaeiai iaae eiaeeaeaeii au?aaeaaony caeanue a iaycaoaeueiii i?eiyoee
eiaeeaeaeii enoi?e/anee neiaeeaoeony oi?i aeooiaiiai inaiaiey
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, oao niiniaia e n?aaenoa, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo
inouanoaeyaony i?iecaiaenoai aeooiaiuo oeaiiinoae, oiai niuneiaiai
niaea?aeaiey, eioi?ia iaeiieaii /aeiaa/anoaii aaeaie e aia eioi?iai
iaaiciiaeii noaiiaeaiea ee/iinoe.
Caeeth/aiea.
A caeeth/aiea ?anniio?aiey oaiu ianoiyuaai ?aoa?aoa iaiaoiaeeii
?acthie?iaaoue ana auoaneacaiiia e iiaeaanoe iaeioi?ua eoiae. Eoae:
Niciaiea – aunoay oi?ia io?aaeaiey aeaenoaeoaeueiiai ie?a, naienoaaiiay
oieueei /aeiaaeo. Iii naycaii n /eaii?acaeaeueiie ?a/ueth, eiae/aneeie
iaiauaieyie, aano?aeoiuie iiiyoeyie.
“ssae?ii” niciaiey, niiniaii aai nouanoaiaaiey yaeyaony ciaiea.
Oi?ie?iaaiea niciaiey naycaii n aicieeiiaaieai o?oaea.
Iaiaoiaeeiinoue o?oaea a i?ioeanna iauaiey aucaaea iiyaeaiea ycuea.
O?oae e ycue ieacaee ?aoathuaa aeeyiea ia noaiiaeaiea /aeiaa/aneiai
niciaiey.
Niciaiea – ooieoeey neiaeiaeoae iaoa?eaeueiie, oeceieiae/aneie nenoaiu –
/aeiaa/aneiai iicaa.
Niciaiea eiaao iiiaieiiiiiaioioth no?oeoo?o, oai ia iaiaa iii – aaeeiia
oeaeia.
Niciaiea iaeaaeaao aiciiaeiinoueth aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia ie?oaeathuoth aai
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue. Iii aeoeaii.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u.
Naieia?neea caiyoey ii oeeinioee: O/aaiee. Iiae ?aae.
E.I. Ieeiiiaa. – I.: Aunoay oeiea, 1991. – 287n.
A.A. Nie?eei. Iniiau oeeinioee: O/aaiia iiniaea aeey
aocia. – I.: Iieeoecaeao, 1988. – 592n.
Aaaaeaiea a oeeinioeth: O/aaiee aeey aocia. A 2 /. *.2
Iiae iau. ?aae. E.O. O?ieiaa. – I.: Iieeoecaeao, 1989. – 458 n.
Ieai ?aoa?aoa.
Aaaaeaiea.
Iniiaiay /anoue.
Io?aaeaiea eae anaiauaa naienoai iaoa?ee.
Io?aaeaiea e eioi?iaoeey.
Oi?iu io?aaeaiey. Ii?aaeaeaiea niciaiey.
3. I?ienoiaeaeaiea niciaiey.
?ieue o?oaea a oi?ie?iaaiee niciaiey.
?ieue ycuea e iauaiey a oi?ie?iaaiee e ?acaeoee
niciaiey.
No?oeoo?a niciaiey.
Niciaiea – naienoai aunieii?aaieciaaiiie iaoa?ee.
Niciaiea e iica.
Iaoa?eaeueiia e eaeaaeueiia. Ia?ac e i?aaeiao.
Aeoeaiinoue niciaiey.
Iauanoaaiiia niciaiea e aai i?aia?aciaaoaeueiay neea.
III. Caeeth/aiea.
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