?ieue neaiaeaea a eoeueoo?a
Auiieiee nooaeaio a?oiiu EO7-41 Eiaa?ieineee A.E.
I?eiyea Aeeiiaa E.A.
NIAeA?AEAIEA
Neaiaeaeu, eae oaeo iianaaeiaaiie aeecie.
Neaiaeaeeno – aa?ie /oanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u (ia i?eia?ao ec enoi?ee
eoeueoo?u).
Aacoioeu eee ?an/aoeeaua oeeieee?
Oieiaeiua ia?oeennu, aoaeyuea no?anoe oieiu.
Nianoe ethaeae io einiinoe.
NEAIAeA’E, -a, i . 1. Neo/ae, i?ienoanoaea, iici?yuaa aai o/anoieeia.
Iieeoe/aneee n.
2. I?ienoanoaea, nni?a, ia?ooathuay ii?yaeie…
(N.E.Iaeaaia. Neiaa?ue ?onneiai ycuea)
Neaiaeaeu… Eaaeaeue aeaiue n?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee
ia?aneacuaatho iai aeaenoaey ecaanoiuo ethaeae, eioi?ua neaiaeaeece?otho
iauanoai. Aeaaea naaiaeiy, iacaaeieai aei oiai, eae y ia/ae ienaoue,
ana ?inneeneea NIE iaia?aaie ia?aneacuaaee neaiaeae, o/eiaiiue
eiei?eoiaeoei i?aaenoaaeoaeai ?inneeneie iieeoe/aneie noaeoeueoo?u
Aeaaeeie?ii AEe?eiianeei.
Aeaao o?aeoeee EAeI? ia ioneaee e Iiaeea Iaecaanoiiai nieaeaoa, aaea
aiceaaae aaiee I?aceaeaio, iinea /aai Aeaaeeie? Aieueoiae/ anooiee a
nou/eo n aeo?iaeenoaie eaiaea “2o2” , nieiaaoeie i?aie?aoaeuenoaa n
io?aiie, e neeie caoieeae ei??aniiiaeaioeo a naie “Ia?naaean”.
Yoi aeinoaoi/ii oa?aeoa?iue i?eia? oiai, /oi neaiaeaeu noaee
iaiouaieaiie /anoueth ia oieueei aeecie eneonnoaa – aiaaia anaaaea
n/eoaea naiei iauanoaaiiui aeieaii yiaoe?iaaoue “iauaaoaey” ?acee/iuie
auoiaeeaie – ii e iieeoe/aneie aeecie. Iaeuecy neacaoue, /oi a iaoae
no?aia neaiaeaeu i?ienoiaeyo noieue /anoi aneaaenoaea oiai, /oi iiiai
eao ainiiaenoaothuay eaeaieiaey noa?aeanue iiaeaea?aeeaaoue eeethceth
niieieiie e ie?iie aeecie, e oaia?ue ethaee ii/oanoaiaaa naiaiaeo, ii ia
oiay n iae ia?auaoueny, iai?aaeytho naith yia?aeth “ia a ie?iuo oeaeyo”.
Iao. A ?acaeouo no?aiao n aeaaieie aeaiie?aoe/aneeie o?aaeeoeeyie
neaiaeaeu ieacuaatho noieue aea aieueoia aeeyiea ia iauanoaaiiia
niciaiea.
Neaiaeaeenou noaee aa?iyie nia?aiaiiie eoeueoo?u. Aniiiiei, iai?eia?,
Iaaeiiio, ie iaeii aunooieaiea eioi?ie ia iaoiaeeony aac neaiaeaea.
E?enoaeueii /anoiua aa?ie inoaeenue aaea-oi aeaeaei a i?aae- e
iineaaiaiiuo oeeueiao, a i?iecaaaeaieyo niaaoneeo ienaoaeae. Naaiaeiy
aeaaea anee aa?ie e /anoai, oi ieacuaaaony, iai?eia?, ia?eiiaiii, anee
aeaaea ii ?annoaeaeaao i Aiaa e /oaea, oi ieacuaaaony iaaiiui oaeeoeae
(eae a ciaiaieoii “E?eieiaeueiii /oeaa” Eaaioeia Oa?aioeii).
Iieacaoaeai iaeei aia?eeaineee oeeuei 1991 aiaea, “N iaiy oaaoeo”. Iaeee
Aeoaean ea?aao a iai n?aaeiaai aia?eeaioea, iaeiiai ec “iaoaea/ieeia
aieueoiai ai?iaea”, ii ?acaaaeai n aeaiie e oi/ao iaaanoeoue naiaai
?aaaiea. Ii ieacuaaaony ianoieueei ia?ae?iaai naieie i?iaeaiaie, /oi
ia/eiaao e?ooeoue ana ia naiai iooe.
Eiaaea ii ii aei?iaa caoae iiiaaaeaoue a “IaeAeiiaeueaen”, aio neeoeii
aeieai ia iiaeaaaee aaiao?aa?. E aio ii auoaneeaaao ienoieao e no?aeyao
a aicaeoo. Iinaoeoaee e ia?niiae, aeoiay, /oi niaa?oaaony ia?aaeaiea,
a?inathony ia iie. A ii, a naith i/a?aaeue ia/eiaao oniieaeaaoue eo,
aiai?y, /oi i?inoi oioae iieo/eoue naie aaiao?aa?. Ii caae?aao iaeao ec
ae?iaeaueo ?oe i?iaeaaueoeu e niieieii ooiaeeo.
Niaoeeaeueii a ea/anoaa aa?iy oeeueia aua?ai aaniethoii iau/iue /aeiaae,
ia eaeie-ieaoaeue yeno?aieno – a nii?a n oaoenoaothuei aeaaeaeueoeai
i?oaeaeiiai iaaaceia i?ienoiaeeo ae?aea, e aa?ie oaeaaao aai.
Neaiaeae – aeey aa?iy oeeueia yoi iiiuoea i/enoeoueny io “aacoiey 90-o”.
A ae?oaii oeeueia, “I?e?iaeaeaiiuo oaeeoeao” ?aaeenna?a Ieeaa?a Noioia
(enoaoe, nai oeeuei ia?ae neaiaeaeueioth neaao e iiiae a
ia?aie/eoaeueiua nienee a ?aciuo no?aiao ca ioe?iaaiiinoue noeai
ianeeey) oaia neaiaeaeenoa, /aeiaaea, a?inathuaai aucia iauanoao e
noaiiayuaainy eoie?ii aeey iiiaeo ouny/ iieeiiieeia, ?ane?uoa ia?acii e
aeoaiei.
Ieeee e Iyei?e – ia?i/ea, iooaoanoaothuay ii Aia?eea e niaa?oathuay
aeanoieea e aanniuneaiiua oaeenoaa. Iie anaaaea inoaaeytho iaeiiai
naeaeaoaey a aeeauo aeey oiai, /oiau ii ?anneacae anai i ieo. Iie
noaiiayony naa?ociaiaieouie, o ieo iiyaeythony iieeiiieee, eo oioi ia
iaeiaeeao aeo?iaeia e ia?aaeiaeoeao aacao, auioneathony iaeee n eo
ii?o?aoaie… Iie aa?ie, iie iaoee “naith ieoo” a nia?aiaiiie eoeueoo?a.
O ieo aa?oo eioa?aueth. Aicieeaao iuouaiea, /oi iie ie/ai ia ioee/athony
io caacae oio-aeciana. Ianniaua oaeenoaa oaeaea aicaoaeaeatho eioa?an,
eae ioe?iaaiiua oioia?aoee Iaaeiiiu.
I oii, /oi aa?iyie “/oanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u” noaiiayony aaaioth?enou,
iioaiieee, ai?u, oi anoue oa, eoi eaeao iiia?ae i?eiyoui ii?iai, “ieioea
?aayoa” niaeanii aia?eeaineie eaeeiia, neaaeiaaoaeueii, e neaiaeaeenou,
ienae aua Ieoe?ei Ni?ieei. A naiii aeaea, a eoeueoo?a, aaea oeaio?ii
yaeyaony aiaeanoaaiiay ee/iinoue, a ia /aeiaae, iaaiciiaeii
i?aaenoaaeoue naaa ee/iinoae, i?aaeiaia?aiii yiaoe?othueo iauanoai.
Eiia/ii, iai?eia?, a N?aaeiea aaea, a eaeaaeenoe/aneie eoeueoo?a Aa?iiu
ano?a/aaony aeinoaoi/ii i?eia?ia ee/iinoae, naieie ceiaeaenoaaie iaiiiai
i?aainoiaeeaoeo ciaiaieoiai ia?eeca aea Naaea, ii oyaeaeaeoea
i?anooieaiey eo ia auiineeenue ca i?aaeaeu oaiaeaeueiuo caieia, oieueei
neooe ?aniiecaeenue ii ie?oaa; aieaa oiai, a aieueoeinoaa naiai, naie
ceiaeae no?aiyony ia oieueei ne?uoue naie aeaenoaey io ae?oaeo, ii e
oe?uoueny io nianoaaiiie niaanoe, a ia?a?uaao iaaeaeo e?iaaauie i?aeyie
niaa?oay iiaeaeae iieeoau e iieayiey.
Eoae, neaiaeae yaeyaony iaiouaieaiie /anoueth nia?aiaiiie eoeueoo?u,
oeacuaay ia aa eeoaiiinoue neiaiee/iinoe, i?ecaieaiiinoue, iaoa?eaeeci.
Iaiaoiaeeii iiiiae?iaiaa ?anniio?aoue /anoiinoe, eioi?ua nouanoaiaaee a
niaoeeoe/aneie i?aeoeea neaiaeaeia a ?aciua enoi?e/aneea ia?eiaeu.
?anniio?ei Ae?aaiee ?ei – aua?ai eiaiii yoio i?eia?, iineieueeo eiaiii a
?eineie oeeaeeecaoeee iiaeii iiae?iaii i?ineaaeeoue ?acaeoea aioe/iie
eoeueoo?u io ae?aaieo aa?iaaiee eaoeiia, /a?ac a?a/aneoth eeanneeo e
eciaaeaiiinoe yeeeiecia, anaiauaio oiaaeeo e a oeiaea oi?aeanoao
O?enoeainoaa.
A ?eia yiioe ?anioaeeee neaiaeaeeno ia iiaeao noaoue aa?iai.
Iauanoaaiiua aeayoaee any/anee aei?iaeao naiae ?aiooaoeeae. “AEaia
Oeaca?y aia iiaeic?aiee”, – yoa e?ueaoay o?aca auea i?iecianaia THeeai
Oeaca?ai iinea i?ienoanoaey, iio?ynoaai ?ei. A i?acaeiee Aeia?ie Aiaeie,
eiaaea ana ioae/eiu aeieaeiu auee iieeiooue aeiia, a eioi?uo aeaiueiu
niaa?oaee oaeinoaaiiua ia?yaeu. Iieiaeie /aeiaae ec aiaaoiai ?iaea
i?ia?aeny a aeii Oeaca?y, ia?aiaeaaoenue neoaeaieie. Oeaca?ue
aiineaaenoaee any/anee noa?aeny caiyoue neaiaeae, anoanoaaiii iieiaeie
/aeiaae, iianaynue iaeacaiey oaeaea iie/ae. Nae/an au i?iecioei
ianeieueei ae?oaia – anaai aa?iyoiaa, /oi yoio iieiaeie /aeiaae aue au
i?eaeaoai a ?acee/iua oie-oio, /oiau iiaeaeeoueny aia/aoeaieyie, e noae
au iiioey?ai. Oaeei ia?acii, aeaaea ia caeaoa ?anioaeeee neaiaeae ia
iiaeao noaoue iaoaieciii, nicaeathuei aa?iy.
A yiioo Eiia?ee i?ienoiaeeo, au?aaeaynue ycueii ae?aaieo aaoi?ia
“iaaeaiea i?aaia”. Eoeueoo?a ec eaeaaeenoe/aneie noaiiaeony /oanoaaiiie.
A “Yiaeaea” Aa?aeeey, iaienaiiie i?e Aaaonoa a ia/aea eiia?neiai
i?aaeaiey, ia?aae iaie aeaenoaotho aa?ie e aiae Ieeiia, /a?ac ianeieueei
aeanyoeia eao a “Naoe?eeiia” Iao?iiey aa?iyie yaeythony ai?u,
i?inoeoooee, ioai?eoe-aieueiiioiouaiieee. I?ioaiaoeey noa?uo oeaiiinoae
noaiiaeony anaiauae. ?eieyia i?anuuaiu, e naiui ecuneaiiui c?aeeuai
yaeythony oaia?ue ia aeaaeeaoi?neea aie, a ioaee/iia iii?aiea nayuaiiuo
oeaiiinoae ?eineie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe.
Eiia?aoi?u noaiiayony oai?oeaie neaiaeaeia. Iaeuecy ia oiiiyiooue Aay
Eaeeaoeo, aeaniioa ecaanoiiai naiae aanniuneaiiie aeanoieinoueth,
ia?aiuie i?eiaaeeaie, aacoiiie aeaaeaeie aeanoe e aacoiiuie
aani?e/eiiuie no?aoaie. ?eineee naiao oiaaea aue eeoue iiieiaeueiui
nia?aieai i?aaenoaaeoaeae ?eineie a?enoie?aoee. Eaeeaoea i?ineaaeeny
oai, /oi aaae naiaai eiiy a naiao, naeaeaa aai iaeiei ec naiaoi?ia.
I?iecioaaeoee neaiaeae yaeeny i?ioaiaoeeae o?aaeeoeeiiiuo ?eineeo
oeaiiinoae. Ana aeou ainoaea?noaa iaeaoaeenue eiaiai ”Naiaoa e ia?iaea
?eia”. Naiao aue oieaeai.
Anee Eaeeaoeo iaiaaeaeae ia?iae, oi ae?oaie eiia?aoi?-neaiaeaeeno Ia?ii
aeieaia a?aiy aue iiioey?ai n?aaee i?inouo ethaeae, iniaaiii a
i?iaeioeee. A ia?aua iyoue eao ii i?iaae eeaa?aeueiua ?aoi?iu,
ia?aie/eaathuea ananeeea a?enoie?aoee e iiauo aiaa/ae. Yenoeaio?e/aneia
iiaaaeaiea Ia?iia aini?eieiaeinue i?inouie ethaeueie oi?ioi, oae eae ia
iioiaeeei ia /aainoai a?enoie?aoia e a iniaaiiinoe ?acaiaaoaaoeo
aieueiiioiouaiieeia. A ioee/ea io Eaeeaoeu, ?ac?ooathuaai ana oeaiiinoe,
e?iia oeaca?ecia, – “Eee aeeoue ii-oeaca?nee, eee ieeae”, – aeaaec Aay
Eaeeaoeu – Ia?ii i?eiineo aaoi?eoao oeaca?y a aea?oao naiaio
eiaeeaeaeoaeecio e no?anoe e eneonnoao. Eiia?aoi?, aunooiathuee eae
aeoa?, eiia?aoi? a ianea, eiia?aoi?, o/anoaothuee a aaaao eieanieoe ia
eieanieoea, cai?yaeaiiie aeanyoueth eioaaeueie e iaaeathuee n iaa ia
iiai?ioa… Ana yoi auaeyaeaei ianeieueei no?aiii, aucuaaei i?ac?aiea ni
noi?iiu ciaoe, ii iiae/an i?aaeeinue ia?iaeo. “Oeaaa e c?aeeu”.
Aeaaiiieo/ea ia?auo eao i?aaeaiey Ia?iia auei iaania/aii oeiainiauie
oniaoaie. Eiia?aoi?, aunooiathuee eae aeoa?, e oiio aea aeoa? ia ieioie,
ii iin?aaenoaaiiue – yoi auei iiaia ino?ia, neaiaeaeueiia, ecuneaiiia
c?aeeua aeey ?eineie oieiu.
?eineay ?aeeaey e oiio a?aiaie ia iaoiaeeea ioeeeea a na?aeoeao ?eieyi:
aieueoeinoai ec ieo eeai auei aoaenoaie, eeai aa?eei a ano?ieiaeth e
i?aeoeeiaaei ainoi/iua eoeueou. Ii ?eooaeu aa auee iai?aeiaeiu,
iineieueeo eo auiieiaiea icia/aei i?eciaiea ?eineiai iiaouanoaa.
Iiyoiio ioeac o?enoeai iieeiieoueny eaeieai, a iniaaiiinoe noaooyi
iaiaeanoaeaiiuo eiia?aoi?ia aini?eieiaeny, eae aeaenoaey, ii?i/auea
?eineee ainoaea?noaaiiue no?ie. O?enoeaia i?aa?aoeee neaiaeae (ioaee/iue
ioeac io iieeiiaiey ycu/aneei aiaai, nii?yaeaiiue n i?iiiaaaeueth aa?u a
O?enoa) ec n?aaenoaa aeinoeaeaiey iaeeo ie?neeo oeaeae a n?aaenoai aeey
aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae aeooiaiuo (io/aie/aneie nia?oe ca O?enoa).
N iaaeaieai ?eineie eiia?ee /oanoaaiiay eoeueoo?a iicaeiae eiia?ee
onooieea ianoi neiaiee/iie O?enoeaineie eoeueoo?a e neaiaeaeu oaea ia
ea?atho ?iee. (I N?aaeieo aaeao ni. auoa). Oea?eiaiinoue, iaiieiyaoay
ana noi?iiu aeecie i?aa?auaao neaiaeaeu ec aeaenoaey, ?ac?ooathuaai
ii?yaeie, a aeaenoaea, ionoue a?oaia, ii ooaa?aeaeathuaa aunoee
Aiaeanoaaiiue ii?yaeie. Nthaea iiaoo auoue ioianaiu iinooiee iiiaeo
nayouo, noaiiaeaoeieny “th?iaeeauie O?enoa ?aaee”, niaa?oathueo aacoiiua
iinooiee n oeaeueth naiei aucuaathuei iiaaaeaieai iieacaoue, /oi aiaoiaa
aeaaii?enoieiinoue, iieaciia aeaai/anoea ioithaeue ie anoue iieacaoaeue
aeecinoe e Aiao. Nayoua, eioi?ua eaaeoony aacoiiuie, ii oi/iuie neiaaie
iaee/athuea “neeueiuo ie?a naai”.
Ia/oi iioiaeaa i?aaenoaaeytho niaie aano?aeiua aeaenoaey o/eoaeae
yiiineiai aoaeaeenoneiai oa/aiey aecyi. Iaoiae aecyi iai?aaeai ia
inaiaiaeaeaiea oia io eaeeo au oi ie auei oneiaiinoae n oeaeueth
iaoiaeaeaiey aaniethoiie enoeiu. Ecaanoiu iiiaea neo/ae neaiaeaeueiiai
iiaaaeaiey aaeaioia aecai. Iai?eia?, oaeie: eiaaea o/aieee iieeeenue
noaooa Aoaeaeu, o/eoaeue iiaeioae e iae e ?acaee aa. Ii niaa?oee
nayoioaonoai? A aecyia yoi o?aeooaony ii-ae?oaiio. Naiei iinooieii
o/eoaeue ai?acaei aieaa iaaeyaeii, /ai neiaaniui oaaaeaeaieai, iieacae,
/oi o/aieee aeieaeiu inaiaiaeeoueny io anao oneiaiinoae, a oii /enea e
io iieeiiaiey noaooa ?aaee aeinoeaeaiey aaniethoiiai ciaiey. Iieeiiaiea
o/aieeia (aeia?i a iau/iii iiieiaiee) e iinooiie o/eoaey (cei) a
iiieiaiee aecyia ie/oi ii n?aaiaieth n enoeiie, eioi?ay iaoiaeeony ca
a?aiueth aeia?a e cea.
A yiioo Aic?iaeaeaiey ia niaio oi?aeanoaaiiiio a?eai?eaineiio oi?aeo
i?eoiaeyo “acaieiiaaiiua” i?iecaaaeaiey Iiioaaa?aee, ia niaio ?anneacai
i /oaeanao e aeecie nayouo i?eoiaeyo y?ioe/aneea e ieooianeea ?anneacu,
iauaaeeiaiiua a nai?ieee (“Aeaeaia?ii” Aeaeiaaiie Aieea//i, “Aaioaia?ii”
Ia?aa?eou Iaaa?neie, “Aa?aaiotha e Iaioaa?thyeue” O?ainoa ?aaea );
aianoi nayouo aa?iyie noaiiayony ?aniooiua iiiaoe, eoioeu, “aanaeua
aaeiau”, iieiaeua iiaanu. Neaiaeae, ethaiaiia i?eeeth/aiea, ieooianoai
aiiaue noaiiayony /a?oaie yiioe.
I?ioaiaoeey neiaiee/aneiai iuoeaiey Iicaeiaai N?aaeiaaaeiauey
i?ienoiaeeo a ?aciuo noa?ao. Neaiaeaeii noaiiaeony ecia?aaeaiea
?aoayeai naiae ethaiaieoeu Oi?ia?eiu iaiaaeaiiie – eneonnoai oiai
a?aiaie i?aaeii/eoaao, /oiau ecia?aaeaieth iaiaaeaiiiai oaea
niioaaonoaiaae iaeee aeaeaeneee eee aioe/iue eiioaeno, /oiau auea
ecia?aaeaia ia ii?aaeaeaiiay iaiaaeaiiay aeaiueia, ii neiaiee/iue
ia?niiaae.
?ineioue e ?aca?ao Iaineiai aeai?a a ?eia, noieue ii?aceaoay Ia?oeia
Ethoa?a, aeoiaaoaai iaeoe oai enoi/ieee aeaai/anoey. Aeooaiaa?aneea
oacenu, auaaoaiiua auaoei iiiaoii-aaaonoeioeai ia aeaa?yo oea?eae, noaee
neaiaeaeii, ii?aaeaeeaoei noaeueau Aa?iiu ia noieaoey aia?aae.
Iicaeiaa a XVII- XVIII aaeao neaiaeaeueiinoue ca/anooth noaiiaeony oaea
niiniaii aeiaeoueny oniaoa. Aaaioth?enou i?inoi iaaiaeiytho Aa?iio e
?inneth. Aeaeaeiii Eacaiiaa, A?ao Eaeeino?i – ethaee, a eioi?uo
i?e/oaeeeai niaoeaaeenue y?ioeci, aaaioth?eci e ienoeoeeci (ia oieueei
Eaeeino?i, ii e Eacaiiaa oaeaeyee aieueoia aieiaiea ieeoeueoecio). Eo
iaioa?u e ainiiieiaiey i ieo eo nia?aiaiieeia ?enotho iiiaeanoai
ieeaioiuo e neaiaeaeueiuo enoi?ee, a eioi?ua iiiaaeatho iie. Eioa?anii
iiaiea naiiai Eacaiiau i naiae ?iee a iauanoaa oiai a?aiaie.
Aaiaoeeaiaoe cayaeyao, /oi ii anaaaea i?aaeii/eoae eiaeoue aeo?aeia e ia
inoaaaoueny a aeo?aeao, no?e/ue iaaoe e ia aeaaaoue iano?e/ue naay a
yoii ie?a, eioi?ue, ii aai iiaieth, anaaaea oi/ao auoue iaiaiooui.
Iaeiaei ii anaaaea ?aoeoaeueii aic?aaeae i?ioea oiai, /oiau ec-ca yoeo
i?eioeeiia aai n/eoaee i?aeeia?iui i?aaenoaaeoaeai o?aaeeoeeiiiie
a?aaeoaeueneie /a?ie, eioi?ay a?oai e ioe?iaaiii ai?oao ec ea?iaiia,
aianoi oiai, /oiau yeaaaioiie eiiaeiaoeeae auiaieoue aeaiueae o
aeo?aeia. Aeey iaai aanaeeoueny ca n/ao aeoioeia, iaeaa/aoue eo
eioaeueee e “ianoaaeyoue ?iaa” ioaeueyi auei naiaai ?iaea ienneae
iineaioea Aiaeanoaaiiie ni?aaaaeeeainoe, iai?aaeaiiie ia oi, /oiau
iaeacuaaoue caiioth aeoiinoue.
Anee Eacaiiaa e Eaeeino?i naeaeaee naith neaiaeaeueioth neaao iooai aeey
aeinoeaeaiey oniaoa, oi eo nia?aiaiiee, Aeiianueai Aeueoiin O?ainoa,
ia?eec aea Naae, iaiai?io, aeaaiaea?y naiei auoiaeeai, iecaa?aaaony ec
a?enoie?aoe/aneiai iauanoaa a aaneiia/iua oth?aiiua caeeth/aiey e a
oeiaea a aeii oiaeeoaiiuo.
Oeao?a Naaea, iaiyoue i eioi?ii auea ne?uoa ca iiiai/eneaiiuie
aeiiuneaie e eaaaiaeaie, ca y?eueaie “naaeeno”, “naaeenoneee” , /uee
eeoa?aoo?iua i?iecaaaeaiey auee ecaeaiu eeoue a ia/aea XX aaea, a
iaeioi?ua oieueei iinea 2-ie ie?iaie aieiu, yaeyaony iaeiie ec eeth/aauo
aeey ?anniio?aiey oaiu neaiaeaeia. I?aaeaea anaai iioiio, /oi nai Naae
auoa anaai noaaee ia i?anooieaiea, cei, neaiaeae ?aaee iaeiae oeaee, ii
niaa?oaiii aanoeaeueiua. I?anooieaiea ?aaee i?anooieaiey, eneonnoai
?aaee eneonnoaa… Eae a nouiinoe iioiaee yoe aeaa yeno?aiaeueiuo
eicoiaa. Naae eioa?anai oai, /oi niaoae eo. Naae ?aciue a?aieoeu naiaai
eeoa?aoo?iiai ie?a, aiieiuay naie oaioacee a aeeciue, e, n ae?oaie
noi?iiu, naith nianoaaiioth aeeciue i?aa?aoee a i?iecaaaeaiea eneonnoaa
(E oai?/anoao Naaea iaonoaiii ia?auaaony iineaaeothuay o?aioeocneay
eeoa?aoo?a (O. Aiaeea?, A. Aiieeeia?, Eio?aaiii), eeiaiaoia?ao,
ae?aiaoo?aey – “Ia?eeca aea Naae” yiiineiai ienaoaey e ae?aiaoo?aa TH.
Ieoeiu (i iai aoaeao oiiiyiooi iinea). “Naae caneoaeeaaao aieiaiey ia
eae neaiaeaeeno e naenoaeueiue eca?auaiaoe e ia eae ienaoaeue, a ii
i?e/eia acaeiicaaeneiinoe yoeo aeaoo noi?ii aai ee/iinoe “ (4). I
iieiaeii Naaea ecaanoii oi, /oi ii aae iau/ioth aeeciue aiaaoiai iiaanu,
aue ecaanoai naiae ?anoi/eoaeueiinoueth, o/anoaiaae a Naieeaoiae aieia.
AEanoieea caaaau auee aeinoaoi/ii ?ani?ino?aiaiu n?aaee aunoeo eeannia
oiai a?aiaie. Iiyoiio e Naaeo i?eaeaeee aieiaiea ia aai aeanoieinoe, ii
oi, n eaeei, au?aaeaynue nia?aiaiiui noaeaaiui ycueii “iniaui
oeeieciii” ii niaa?oae eo. Ceieeth/aiey aai ia/eiathony n oiai, /oi 3
ai?aey 1768 aiaea (a aeaiue Na. Ianoe) iaeay ieuaiea ?ica Eaeea? e?e/a
io aiee yaeyaony a iieeoeaeneee o/anoie, aaea i?eciaaony, /oi ia?eec
ecaeaae aa ieaoueth. Aeaeaa neaaeoao iaaieueoia oth?aiiia caeeth/aiea,
caoai /a?aaea aeaeia io i?inoeoooie, ia?eiaee/aneea caeeth/aiey a
oth?ueiu (naiia ecaanoiia – a Aanoeeeth, aaea Naae 2 ethey 1789 aiaea
(iaeaioia acyoey Aanoeeee) e?e/eo oieia ec ieia eaia?u, /oi a Aanoeeee
oaeaatho caeeth/aiiuo, e i?ecuaay ainnoaaoeo e ooo?io oth?ueiu). Iioii
ia?aoiae ia noi?iio yeiaeioeaa. Ai a?aiaia Iaiieaiia ca naoe?e/aneoth
iueano i i?aaao eiia?aoi?neiai aeai?a Naaea caeeth/atho a ainieoaeue
aeey aeooaaiiaieueiuo, aaea ii e inoaaony aei naiie nia?oe. Eoae, ia?aae
iaie aeeciue a iinoiyiiie iiiiceoeee. Nia/aea e aei?aaiethoeeiiiiio
ii?yaeeo, caoai e aeeeoaoo?a yeiaeioeaa (Naae neaeae a oth?ueia e i?e
ieo), caoai e Iaiieaiio. Aieaa oiai, Naae iiiiceoeeiiai aeaaea e /anoe
nia?aiaiiie aio y?ioe/aneie ( ! ) eeoa?aoo?u. ?aoeo aea Ea A?aoiii
iacuaaao aai ia eia/a, eae “aioniui”. Iaaeaeo ienaoaeyie caaycaeanue
ianoiyuay eeoa?aoo?iay aeoyeue ia no?aieoeao ia?eaeneie ia/aoe.
A XIX aaea neaiaeaeu oaea noaiiayony oaea ii/oe iaiaoiaeeiui yeaiaioii
eoeueoo?u. N ieie oanii naycaii iiiyoea aeaiaeecia. Ca?iaeeaoenue a
Aiaeee, aeaiaeeci i?eia?aoaao /a?ou ?iiaioe/aneiai aoioa?noaa. Ii
i?eaioe?iaai ia yeno?aaaaaioiinoue iiaaaeaiey, inei?aeythuaai,
neaiaeaeece?othuaai naaoneia iauanoai, e ia ?iiaioe/aneee eoeueo
eiaeeaeaeoaeecia. Inei?aeoaeueiay iaia?a aea?aeaoueny, “iai?eee/iay”
?acayciinoue aeanoia, aeaiiino?aoeaiue oieeia – ana oi?iu ?ac?ooaiey
naaoneeo cai?aoia aini?eieiaeenue, eae iiyoe/aneea. Oaeie noeeue aeecie
aue naienoaaiai Aae?iio. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, nouanoaiaaea e eiay
eioa?i?aoaoeey aeaiaeecia. Caeanue i?ac?aiea e iauanoaaiiui ii?iai
aueeaaeinue a i?ac?aiea “ooii/aiiiai eiaeeaeaeoaeenoa” ii ioiioaieth e
a?oainoe “naaoneie oieiu”.
Ia enoiaea aaea i?ienoiaeeo neaiaeae, ieacaaoee neeueiia aeeyiea ia
eoeueoo?o, e iio?ynoee ethaeae oiai a?aiaie. ?a/ue eaeao i noaea e
caeeth/aiee I. Oaeeueaea ca “niaeiieth e inei?aeaiea iauanoaaiiie
ii?aee”. Eiy ienaoaey ieacaeinue ia eaeia-oi a?aiy au/a?eiooi ec
eeoa?aoo?u. Ii yoio neaiaeae eioa?anai oai, /oi yaeeny ia?aeiiiui a
oai?/anoaa noieue e?oiiie oeao?u aa?iiaeneie eeoa?aoo?u eiioea OIX aaea,
eae I. Oaeeueae. Anee aei noaea Oaeeueae eoeueoeae?iaae ia?ac ynoaoa,
oi a oth?ueia e iinea iaa ii ia?auaaony e “ynoaoeea no?aaeaiey”, e
iienaieyi no?aaeaiee anaie iieeiooie aeooe (“Aaeeaaea i ?aaeeiaoiineie
oth?ueia”, “De Profundis” ).
A ?innee eiioea XIX – ia/aea OO aaea neaiaeae, inei?aeaiea iauaineie
iioeinoe, noaiiaeony ?ani?ino?aiaiiie iaia?ie iiaaaeaiey oae iacuaaaiuo
“aeaeaaeaioia”. Ianoiyuae “/aiieiieie” ii neaiaeaeai noaea iiyoanna
Ceiaeaea Aeiieon. Iaeei ec naiuo ecaanoiuo – ia iaaaea a /anoue
?aeeaeiciiai iauanoaa Aeiieon, ia?auaynue e neaeaaoaio ?yaeii aieneiio
i?iecianea: “Ao! I?eianee au nae/an aea?aiiiai ieaaeaioea!” Aieneii aue
oiee?iaai.
Aaconeiaii, iaeuecy ia oiiiyiooue oaeiai “ooeeaaia”, eae Aeaaeeie?
Iayeianeee, A. Aa?oeineee, iai?eia?, aniiieiaao i iai neaaeothuaa: “ Ai
anae aai iaia?a aea?aeaoueny, a oeao?a, inaiea e aeanoao /oanoaiaaeenue
iaia?aaeaaaaiia i?ac?aiea e ie?oaeathuei e yaiue aucia iauanoao. Ii aue
iai?eie?ei e aaniiuaaeai ai anao naieo noaeaeaieyo e ioeaeao (6) . A i
aiaaia oiai a?aiaie a oeaeii: “Iu, iauyaeaoea naay oooo?enoaie, iineee
aeaeoua eioou n /a?iuie oe?ieeie iieineaie, ia aieiaa oeeeeiae?, a a
iaoeeoea aea?aayiiua eiaeee. Iu ?aciaeaauaaee naaa eeoea, eae eiaeaeoeu,
e aoeyee ii Eociaoeeiio, niae?ay aie?oa naay oieiu. Iu iiyaeyeenue a
?anoi?aiao, eaoa e eaaa?a e /eoaee oai naie caoiiua noeoe, nie?ooay e
eiiay ana aaeaie neiaeeaoeany aeonu e iiiyoey” (6)
A OO aaea neaiaeae noaiiaeony iaiouaieaiie /anoueth eoeueoo?u. Iaeuecy
ia oiiiyiooue aeaeaeaiea aeaaeaenoia, eaaeaeay aunoaaea eioi?uo – a
i?ioiaeeee iie a iniiaiii a eaoa – caeai/eaaeanue oie/oiaeaieai
aiciouaiiie ioaeeeie ea?oei e iauaeoia e iineaaeothuei ecaeaieai
ooaeiaeieeia. Naiie ecaanoiie aeoeeae aeaaeenoia yaeeny ciaiaieoue
iauaeo “Iennoa?” Ia?naey Aethoaia, aunoaaeaiiue ei, /oi aucaaei
iaeiiaa?iue neaiaeae.
Nth??aaeenou, iiiaea ec eioi?uo a i?ioeii auee aeaaeenoaie oaeaea
aini?eiyee neaiaeae eae n?aaenoai i?iiaaaiaeu naieo ynoaoe/aneeo
eiioeaioeee. Aeinoaoi/ii aniiiieoue, /oi iaeei ec iniiaaoaeae aeaeaeaiey
Aiae?a A?aoii n/eoae eaeaaeueiui nth??aaeenoe/aneie aeoeeae (Iaoiaeynue
a oieia, iaoaaae ?ac?yaeeoue aeaa ?aaieueaa?a), /oiau auei aeaeii eae ii
aeooa auei yoie ioaeeea anyeiai ?iaea ooeeaainoai. Iicaeiaa ioeieiaoeeny
io ae?oaeo nth??aaeenoia Naeueaaaei? Aeaee i?ae?anii aeaaeae oaoieeie
neaiaeaea n oeaeueth “eiino?oe?iaaiey” nianoaaiiiai eieaeaea. Ooaeiaeiee
iia niieieii i?aaenoaoue ia i?ann eiioa?aioeee aieui, /eoaoue eaeoeee a
neaoaiae?a, iaonoaiii iauyaeyoue naay aaieai. Naeueaaaei? Aeaee noae ia
i?inoi yenoeaio?e/iui aeeaiienoeai, aucuaathuei nii?u e?eoeee, ii e
aa?iai ianniaie eoeueoo?u. A Iineaa, iai?eia?, i?aeoe/anee ia ethaii
eieaeiii ?acaaea, aaea anoue aeueaiiu n ?ai?iaeoeoeeyie au oaeaeeoa
aeueaii Aeaee. Ouny/e ethaeae /anaie noiyee a i/a?aaeyo ia aunoaaeo a
OeAeO, aaea yeniiie?iaaeenue aeaaea ia ea?oeiu, a a?aath?u iao?a.
Nouanoaoao oi?aiaay ia?ea “Naeueaaaei? Aeaee”, iiae eiaioeiii eioi?ie
aaeaaiaeii i?iecaiaeeony ia?othia?ee, aaenooeia, thaaee?iuo ecaeaeee ia
iiiaea ieeeeiiu aeieea?ia. “Aaeaea aeieea?c” – “aeaaeiue aei aeieea?ia”
– oaeia i?icaeua aeaee Aeaee eniaineea ooaeiaeieee. Aeaaea iinea nia?oe
aaeeeiai neaiaeaeenoa aai eiy i?eiineo i?eaueue.
Eeii, aacaou, a caoai oaeaaeaeaiea – n?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee a OO
aaea noaee nicaeaaaoue eoie?ia ianniaie eoeueoo?u. Ie? auno?i iaiyaony.
Eaaeaeia iiaia iieieaiea ioaa?aaao a aieueoae eee iaiueoae noaiaie
eaeaaeu, eioi?ui iieeiiyeinue i?aaeuaeouaa. A iieiaeaaeiie eoeueoo?a, ai
iiiaii iino?iaiiie ia io?eoeaiee, neaiaeae noae aaaeiui yeaiaioii.
Naenoaeueiay ?aaiethoeey, ?ani?ino?aiaiea oiio?aaeaiey ia?eioeeia,
aeaeaeaiea oeiie a 60-o aiaeao aucaaee e aeecie aieueoia /enei
?ie-eaeieia, iiiaea ec eioi?uo iiaeeiatho eaa?u naiae ?aaeeeaeueiinoe ii
neth ii?o. Oaeaea e iaie aeaeaeaiea ii?iaeeei naieo eoie?ia, eioi?ua
aiineaaenoaee aiieia aienaeenue a enoyaeeoiaio.
I?eia?ii acaeiinayce neaiaeaea, eneonnoaa e eiiia?oeee iiaeao neoaeeoue
oioy au iiyaeaiea Aeyaeaea Aioe ia eiiaeiineii Aiecaea Aeeoi?ee a
/a?iii, ioaa/athuaai ainoi?aeaiiie oieia oaiaoia oaoenoneei
i?eaaonoaeai, /oi aucaaei neaiaeae a NIE e i?aaeoanoaiaaei “?ane?ooea”
iiaiai aeueaiia Aioe.
A iaoe aeie neaiaeae oaeaea eaeao ia ?oeo “caacaeai”. Aiaeeeneee aeoa?
Oueth A?aio aue canoeaioo iieeoeeae a nianoaaiiie iaoeia n i?inoeoooeie
ia oeeoea a Ein-Aiaeaeaeana. A ?acoeueoaoa neaiaeaea ii iioa?ye eiio?aeo
ia 20 iei. aeieea?ia, ii, eae auei iiaen/eoaii iioii, anee au a?aiy,
eioi?ia oaeaeeei yoiio niauoeth oaeaaeaeaiea e ianoi, eioi?ia oaeaeeee
aacaou, auei au eniieueciaaii aeey ?aeeaiu, oi aa oeaia ninoaaeea au
180 iei. aeieea?ia. Oaeei ia?acii, Oueth A?aio eae au iieo/ee ia 160
iei. aeieea?ia aanieaoiie ?aeeaiu.
CRN (Coefficient of Recognizing of Name – Eiyooeoeeaio Ociaaaaiinoe
Eiaie) – aaaeiia iiiyoea, a oii /enea e a nia?aiaiiie eoeueoo?a.
Naaoneay o?iieea, nieaoie, neaiaeaeu – iaiouaieaiua ninoaaeythuea
aoeueaa?iie i?annu. Neaiaeae i?eaeaeaao e ee/iinoe aeeyiea iiiaeanoaa
/eoaoaeae, neooaoaeae, c?eoaeae. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, CRN iiauoaaony. Eeoei,
iaia?a iaeaaaoueny iaia?a aanoe naay oe?aaee?othony e, neaaeiaaoaeueii,
i?eiinyo i?eaueue. Iiiaea i?ioeaaoathuea naaiaeiy iiaeaeuea?u ia Caiaaea
naeaeaee naaa eiy ai a?aiaia yeno?aiecia, neaiaeaeueiinoe iiaeu iaieia.
“Aoaeue Aiaeea? anoanoaaiiui, ii, ianiiiaiii, caoa?yeny au a oieia.
Aieue iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue. Ii?ie – aeey iaai ana yoi n?aaenoaa, n
iiiiuueth eioi?uo ii iuoaaony aeiaeoueny i?eaeeaae?iaaiiiai ianoa a
ie?icaeaiee. <...> Aio ecaanoii, a eaeie ia?a ii iiaeao aeiaa?eoueny eo
iiaieth, iieieaoie/aoue, eiaaea /oanoaoaoue eo
i?aiaa?aaeaiea, eiay aiciiaeiinoue a ethaie iiiaio acaeoueny, neiaii
ioeoea, inoaaeoue o ieo a ?oeao naie ia?ac, a naiiio aiiaue noaoue
aiieiuaiiie naiaiaeie, iaiiaeaeanoiie ie/ueaio iiaieth” (7)
Iiiaea neaiaeaeueiua ee/iinoe iiaeiaiu Aiaeea?o – eo aucia iauanoao
iaeay oi?aaeaeathuay ia?a, iie /anoi aeaeoo io ethaeae iiaeaioa, aiyony,
/oi eo ia iieioo, iaae ieie iiniathony, eo oiecyo, e, iaeaaeay
cia/eoaeueiie aeieae ia?oeennecia, naie ia/eiatho i?ace?aoue “oieio”,
aiciouaoue aa naiei iiaaaeaieai. “ss, Naeueaaaei?, inoaionue oai, aaea
iia iacia/aii auoue, – iaaa?oo, aac ieeiai, iaeei ia iaeei n oeia?ie,
ieooaiiie niooiui oea?ii. <...> /oi cia/eo aunieia? Aunieia – aioeoaca
ieceiio. A /oi oaeia ieceia? ss ioaa/o: oain, ianna, neiieua, nianue;
yoi ?aaaiie – ?inoie oiai oaiiiai aacoiey, /oi ii?iaeaeaao aia?oeth. Ana
eaaia – ieceia. A ana i?aaia – yoi aunue. Caeanue iiia?oey, ea?a?oey…”
(8)
Oioy neaiaeaeenou e ?ac?ooatho iauanoaaiioth ii?aeue, ii, naie iie eae
ie ia?aaeienaeueii, aeaaea a naiii naiai neaiaeaeueiii oai?/anoaa
eniieuecotho i?eaiu, oyaioathuea e oii?yaei/aiiinoe e iiae/an aeeeoaoo?a
(Oiiieiaaoeeny ?aiaa neaiaeae n Ae. Aioe; Naae, a ycuea eioi?iai aeaaea
i?e iienaiee naiuo ?aciocaeaiiuo i?aee iinoiyiii ano?a/athony o?acu
a?iaea “iino?ieoue a?oiio”, neaiaeaeueiue ?onneee ienaoaeue Y. Eeiiiia
ni naiae Iaoeeiiae Aieueoaaeoeeie Ia?oeae).
Nthaea aea neaaeoao ioianoe e naiiai neaiaeaeueiiai ienaoaey a yiiineie
eeoa?aoo?a iaoaai aaea, e iaeiiai ec naiuo neaiaeaeueiuo a ie?iaie,
THeei Ieoeio. “Ia?niiaaee aieueoeinoaa ?iiaiia Ieoeiu ieacuaathony
oece/aneeie eee ineoe/anee oaa/iuie, eo i?eaeaeatho e?iaue, oaean,
aeanoieinoue eee eca?auaiiue naen… Eaeaieia oeueo?ai?aauo e?oaia
Ieoeia aunooiae ca aic?iaeaeaiea aa?iiiiaeaeaiie/aneeo o?aaeeoeee,
i?iiiaaaeiaae oaoenoneea eaeae…” – oae niiauaao i iai Aieueoay
Niaaoneay Yioeeeeiiaaeey, 3-a ecaeaiea. THeei Ieoeia nicaeae naaa
eicoia : “Nicaeaoue i?ae?aniia i?iecaaaeaiea eneonnoaa e noaoue
i?ae?aniui naiiio – iaeii e oi aea”. Yoio i?eioeei ienaoaeue any/anee
aiieiuae a aeeciue. Iaaeaeaiiue neaaui caei?iaueai ii a aeinoaoi/ii
c?aeii aic?anoa ia/ae caieiaoueny eoeueoo?eciii, ea?aoa, oaooiaaieai ia
ia/ao. Ieoeia nicaeae oeueo?ai?aaia “Iauanoai ueoa”, aiaiece?iaaiioth
i?aaiecaoeeth. Ii ana yoi, ?aaii eae e aai neaiaeaeueiua eeoa?aoo?iua
i?iecaaaeaiey auee oieueei oaa?oth?ie e niaeoaeeth, eioi?ue ii ono?iee
25 iiya?y 1970 aiaea. N aeaonoaa iaea?aeeiue oaioaceyie i nia?oe,
ienaoaeue aue aua aieaa aaeioiiaeai naiei ethaeiui eeoa?aoo?iui
i?iecaaaeaieai “Oaaaeo?a” yiiineiai aoaeaeeeneiai iiiaoa ssiaiioi
Oeoiaoiii, a eioi?ii neacaii: “A neooaoeee “eee-eee” auae?ae nia?oue”, a
oaeaea “Anaai iiaeii aeinoeaiooue oieueei oaiaoeciii”. Eaaeaeue neaiaeae
aeey Ieoeiu noae naiaai ?iaea i?aethaeeae nia?oe, eaaeaeue ?ac niaa?oay
oio eee eiie yiaoe?othuee iinooiie, Ieoeia, auaoee i/aiue
noanieoaeueiui, eae au eaeao ia nia?oue, ii oie?aao a neaiaeaea, /oiau
i?aa?aoeoueny a naa?o/aeiaaea. 25 iiya?y aeieaeai aue noaoue aeey Ieoeiu
aeiai iaeaunoaai aeaaeainoaa. A 11 oo?a ai aeai?a oieeeneie aacu Nee
naiiiai?iiu (ssiiiee cai?auaaony eiaoue a?ieth iinea 2-ie Ie?iaie aieiu)
iiyaeeny ienaoaeue n aeaoiy ni?aoieeaie ii “Iauanoao ueoa”. Aoaeo/e
i?iaaaeaiiui a eaaeiao aaia?aea, ia/aeueieea aacu, Ieoeia auoaaoee ia/,
ioaee caueoo io?aiu – a yoi a?aiy aai niiaeaeaeieee aycaee aaia?aea – e
caaa??eeaaee?iaaeny a eaaeiaoa. Ieoeia auoae ia aaeeii aeey oiai, /oiau
ia?aoeoueny n ?a/ueth e nieaeaoai. “Naio?ae au eee iao?! Ioae/eiu au eee
iao?! Aaaeue au aieiu! Ca/ai aea au caueuaaoa eiinoeoooeeth, eioi?ay
cai?auaao nouanoaiaaiea a?iee?” – iaaenaaeeaae aiein Ieoeia. Nieaeaou
e?e/aee a ioaao: “Eaeeio!”, “Neacae ioooaea!”, “Ioionoe aaia?aea!” Oae e
ia caeii/ea ?a/e, Ieoeia nionoeeny e aa?ioeny a eiiiaoo. “Iie aeaaea ia
neooaee iaiy”, – i?i?iiee ii. *a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy ienaoaeue, o?eaeaeu
i?ie?e/aa “Aea cae?aanoaoao eiia?aoi?!”, niaa?oee oa?aee?e. Nia?oue,
niaeanii THeei Ieoeia, i?e/ai nia?oue ia aeaeo o ouny/ ethaeae noaea
ooaeiaeanoaaiiie aeoeeae.
I?e anae i?ioeai?a/eainoe naieo i?iyaeaiee neaiaeae anaaaea iaoiaeeony
ia ino?ea eoeueoo?iie aeecie. Eae au ie i?ace?aee iauanoai neaiaeaeenou,
eae au ie noa?aeenue ni?yoaoueny ca naith aa?anneaiinoue, aaaeaoue a
naia oaaeeiaiea, iie niaa?oatho oi aea, /oi e o/eoaeue aecai a
i?eaaaeaiiii i?eia?a, oi aea, /oi e th?iaeeaua a Ae?aaiae ?one e
N?aaeiaaaeiaie Aa?iia – iie nianatho iauanoai io einiinoe, oaiaeanoaa.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
Ieoe?ei Ni?ieei. Eca?aiiua ?aaiou
Aioeoaao?ia. Ia?ii. Caa?ue ec aacaeiu.
Iioaiieee e aaaioth?enou (A na?ee “Yioeeeeiiaaeey oaei e nainaoeee)
Neiiia aea Aiaoa?. Ioaeii ee aooiaeaoa? (A nai?ieea “Ia?eec aea Naae e
OO aae”)
I. Eioiai. ?onneee aeaiaeeci (a eieaa “Aanaaeu i ?onneie eoeueoo?a”)
I. Aa?oeineee. Aei?iaie aeeeiiith…
I. Na?o? . Aiaeea?.
Naeueaaaei? Aeaee. Oaeiay aeeciue Naeueaaaei?a Aeaee, ?anneacaiiay ei
naiei.
I. Oaiaeue. Eieaeaeaeiaey. Nae?aou ee/iiai iaayiey.
ssiaiioi Oeoiaoiii. Oaaaeo?a Ithiii n eiiiaioa?eyie THeei Ieoeiu.
Ieoeia. Cieioie o?ai. (Eniieueciaaiu aeia?aoe/aneea aeaiiua e
i?aaeeneiaea)
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Iineianeee Ainoaea?noaaiiue Oaoie/aneee Oieaa?neoao ei. I.Y.Aaoiaia
Iineaa ( 1997
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NIAeA?AEAIEA
1. 1. N???u, ?e ?? ???i??e ??e.
2. 2. N????o – ??e ?????e ???? (? ???? ? ???e ????).
3. 3. A??? ?e ?????a oe??e?
4. 4. O???a ????, ?aey?a ???e ??u.
5. 5. N??e eth?e ? ????.
NEAIAeA’E, -a, i . 1. N??e, ??????, ???yu? ?i ?????. I?????e n.2.
I?????a, ??a, ???th?y ??y?e…
(N.E.I??a. N??? ???? y??)
N???u… E??e ?? ???? ??i?e ????? ?????atho i? ???ey ????o eth?e, ???a
??????tho ????. Ae?a ???y, ????i ? ??, ?e y ??e ?n?ue, ?a ????? NIE
????e ??????e ???e, ????e ??????i ??????? ??e??e ?????? ?????u A????i
AE?????.
A?? ???e EAeI? ? ???e e I??a I?????i ???a, ?a ???? ??e I????, ??a ??
A???? A???? ???e a ?u?o n ?????? ??? “2o2” , ????? ???????a n ???e, e
??e ???? ???????o a ?? “I??ae?”.
Y? ????? ?????e i??? ??, ?i ???? ?a? ?????? ??ueth ? o??i ??e ????a –
??? ??? ???a ??i ????i?i ??? y????? “????y” ????? ????e – ? e ??????
??e. I??y ???ue, ?i a ??e ??? ???? ????yo ??ue ??i ????? ??, ?i ??i ?o
?????th?y ????y ????ue ?????? ?eth?th ????e e ??? ??e, e ??? eth? ??????
???o, ? ? ?ay n ?e ????ny, ???eytho ?ith y??eth “? a i??o ?ey?. I?. A
???? ???o n ???e ????e???e ???ey? ???? ???atho ??ue ? ???a ?ey?a ?
?????? ????.
N????? ??e ??y? ?????e ????. A???i, ????, I?i?o, ? ?? ?n???? ???e ?
????y ?c ????.
E????i ???a ??e ?o??ue ?a-? ??? a ??- e ?????? ???o, a ?????eyo ????o
?n???. N??iy ?? ?? ??e e ???, ? ?????y, ????, ?????, ?? ae?a ? ????? i
A?a e ??, ? ?????y ???i ???e (?e a ????? “E?????i ??? E???a O????).
I????? ?? ?????? ??i 1991 ??, “N ?iy ???”. I?? Ae??n ??? a ?i ????
?????, ??? ? “????e? ???? ???”, ? ???? n ??e e ??o ??n?? ??? ???a. Ii
?????y ????i ????? ??? ?????, ?i ???? ???ue ?a ? ??i ??.
E?? ? ? ??? ??e ????ue a “I?Ae????, ?o ???i ??i ? ???? ?????. E ?o ?
?????o ???? e ??ey? a ???. I????e e ????, ??y, ?i ?????y ?????, ??ath?y
? ?e. A ?, a ?ith ???ue ???? ?????ue ?, ???y, ?i ??? ??e ???? ?? ?????.
Ii ???? ??o ? ??a?o ?e ????? e ???? ???.
N????i a ???? ??y ??? ??? ??eth?i ???e ???e, ? ??e-??? y????o – a ??a n
????th?i ????? ????? ???? ????? ??a, e ??e ???o ?i.
N??? – ?y ??y ??ia y? ???a ????ny ? “???y 90-?.
A ??? ???, “I?????o ???? ????a I??? N??a (???, ?i ??i ??e ?????th ??o e
??e a ???????a ??? a ??? ???o ? ??????ue ?? ???y) ?? ?????a, ????,
??ath?? ??a ???? e ???y??ny ???i ?y ??? ?ny/ ?????a, ???? ???i e ???i.
I?? e Iy?? – ???a, ?????th?y ? A??? e ???ath?y ???? e ??????a ????. I?
??? ???ytho ??? ????y a ??o ?y ??, ??u ? ????e ?? i i?. I? ???y?y
????????, o ?o ?y?yth?y ?????, ? ?? ? ???? ???? e ?????o ??o, ???ath?y
??e n ? ?????… I? ??e, ?e ??e “?ith ??” a n????? ????. O ?o a??
???ueth. A???? ????, ?i ?e ??i ? ???th?y ? ??ae ?o-???a. I???a ???? ??a
?c??atho ???n, ?e ?????a ????? I???.
I ?i, ?i ??y? “?????e ????” ???y?y ?a?th??u, ????e, ??, ? ?? ?, ?i ??
???e ??y?i ???, “??? ?ayo? ???? ?????? ???, ??????i, e ?????u, i?? ?a
I??? N???. A ??i ??, a ????, ?a ???i y?y?ny ????i?y ????, a ? ???e,
????? ?????ue ?? ????e, ??????i y???th?o ????. E???, ????, a N??? ??, a
??????e? ???? A??u ?????y ????? ???? ????e, ??? ?????? ???i ???????
?????i ???a ? N?a, ? oy???? ?????ey ? ? ????? ? ???u ????? ???, ??? ??e
?????? ? ???; ??a ??, a ?????a ??i, ?? ??? ??iy?y ? ??? ??? ?? ???ey ?
???, ? e ???ny ? ?????e ???e, a ????o ??o ????e ??y? ???ay ???e ???u e
??y?y.
E?e, ???e y?y?ny ?????? ??ueth ?????e ????, ???ay ? ? ????? ??????e,
???????, ????e?.
I????i ?????a ?????ue ????e, ???a ?????? a ?????e? ???? ????a a ???
?????ea ???u.
?????i Ae??? ?? – ??ai ??? y?o ???, ????o ??? a ???? ?????e ??i ????
????? ???? ???? ???? ? ???o ????e ???a, /?? ????th ???? e ec????? y????,
????o ??? e a ??? ????? O?????a.
A ??a y?? ?????e ????? ? ??o ??ue ???. I?????a ?y?? any??e ???o ??e
?????. “AE?a Oe??y ?a ?????”, – y? ???ay ??a ?? ?????a TH?? Oe??? ??a
?????ey, ??y??i ??. A ???? Ae??e A??e, ??a ?a ???u ??? ?? ???? ??, a
???o ???u ????e ?????? ??y?. I??? ???e ? ???? ?? ????y a ?i Oe??y,
?????? ????e. Oe?a? ?????? ?y??e ???ny ?iy? ???e, ?????i ???e ???e,
??ay? ????y ??a ??ae. N??n ? ????i ??i?? ??? – ??i ??y??, ?i y?o ???e
???e ?e ? ????i a ????a ?e-?o, ??u ??e??y ?????y?, e ?? ? ??ey?i. O??
???i, ?? ? ??? ?????e ???e ? ??o ??ue ?????, ??ath?i ??y.
A y?? E??? ?????, ???y? y??i ???o ???a “???a ???”. E???a ? ???????e
????ny ?????e. A “Y??? A???y, ????? ?e A??? a ??? ????? ????y, i?? ??
???otho ??e e ?? I??a, ??c ????i ?ny?? ?o a “N????a” I???y ??y? y?yth?y
??, ?????e, ????-?e???????. I????y ??? ?i??? ????ny ????. ?e?y? ????u, e
??i ?u???i ???? y?yth?y ??? ? ??????a ?e, a ????a ???? ?y??? oe???? ???e
????????e.
E????u ???y?y ???? ????a. I??y ? ??y?? Aay E???o, ?n?? ????? ??e ??????e
?????th, ???? ?????, ???? ??? ??? e ????e ??????e ????. ???? ??o ??a ?e
?? ?????i ????i ?a?????e ???e ??????. E???a ?????y ?i, ?i a?e ??? ?iy a
?i?, ??? ?i ??i ? ????a. I?????e ???e y??y ?????e ?????? ???o ????e. A?
?? ?????a ????? ??? ”N??a e ??? ???. N?? ?e ???.
A?e E???o ????e ??ae, ? ??? ?????-????? I?? ??? ??y ?e ??ey?i ??e ???o
eth?e, ???? a ????e. A ??? iy? ?o ? ??? ?????a ???u, ?????th?a ????
?????? e ??o ???e. Y?????n?a ????a I??a ??????? ???? eth?? ???, ?e ?e ?
???? ? /???i ?????? e a ?????e ??????o ?????????. A ???a ? E???u,
???ath?? ?a ????, ?i? ????a, – “E? ?? ?-????, ?e ???, – ??c Aay E???u –
I?? ???? ????o ???y a ??? ??? ??????? e ???e e ????o. E????, ?n??th?e ?e
???, ????? a ??a, ?????, ???oth?e a ??o ???? ? ????a, ??y??? ?ny?th ????
e ??th?e n ?a ? ????… A? y? ??y?? ????i ???i, ???? ????a ? ?i?? ??e, ?
??? ????ue ???. “O?? e ???”. A?????a ??? ?o ?a??ey I??a ?? ????? ?????e
????. E????, ???ath?e ?e ???, e ?? ? ??? ? ???, ? ??????? – y? ?? i??
???, ?????a, ????? ???a ?y ???e ??u.
???ay ???y e ?? ???e ? ???? ???a a ???o ??yi: ?????i ? ?o ?? ?? a????,
?? ??? a ????eth e ?????? ????a ???. Ii ???u ? ?? ??a??u, ????o ? ?????
???? ???i? ???? ?????. Iiy?? ??c ???? ?????y ?i?i, a ?????e ??oyi
i??????o ?????a ??????y, ?e ???ey, ????a ???e ???????e ??e. O???? ?????
n??? (????e ??c ? ????ey y???? ??i, ??y??? n ???a?th ?? a O??a) ? ????
????ey ??o ???o ??e a ???? ?y ????ey ??e ???? (?/????e ??? ? O??a).
N ???? ???? ???e ?????y ?e??a ???e ???e ???? ??i ???e?? O?????e ???? e
???? ?a ? ??tho ??. (I N??? ??o ?. ??). Oe?????, ???ya?y ?a ???u ??e
?????o ???? ? ???ey, ???ath?? ??y?e, a ????, ??ue ???, ? ????th?a ???
A?????e ??y?e. Nth? ??o ?? ???? ???? ??? ?y?o, ??????ny “th???? O??a
??”, ???ath?o ???? ???? n ??th ??i ???th?i ???i?i ????, ?i ???a
????????ue, ???? ?????a ?ith? ? ?? ????? ???? e A?o. Nay?a, ???a ???y
????e, ? ???e ???e ???th?a “???o ?? ??”.
I?? ???a ????eytho n?? ????a ???ey ???? y???? ?????? ???y ?yi. I?? ?yi
????i ia ?????? ?a ? ??o ? ? ? ?ei ?????e n ??th ??ae??y ??eth?? ???.
E???u ??? ??? ?????? ?a??ey ???a ??. I????, ??e: ??a ???e ???? ??? A??,
???ue ???e e ?e e ??? ?. Ii ???? ?y????i? A ?y? y? ????ny ?-???o. N??
????i ???ue ???i ??a ??y?i, ?i ????i ?????, i???, ?i ???e ??? i?????y ?
?? ?????e, a ?i ??a e ? ????ey ??? ?? ???a?y ??eth??i ??ey. I??i?? ????
(??i a ??i? ????e) e ???? ?e?ey (?i) a ????e ?y? ??i ? ????th n ???e,
???y ????y ? ??ueth ??a e ?a.
A y?? A????ey ? ??o ??????? ??????? ??? ???yo “??????? ?????ey I????e, ?
??o ????i i ???o e ??e ?y?o ???yo y????? e ????? ??e?u, ?????? a ????
(“Ae????” Ae???e A???i, “A????? I???? I????, “A???tha e I???thy?” O???
??? ); ??? ?y?o ??iy? ???y?y ????a ???, ??u, “???a ???, ???a ???. N???,
eth??? ??eth??a, ????? ??ue ???y?y ???e y??.
I????y ??????? ???ey I???i N?????uey ????? a ??? ???. N???? ???e?y
?????a ??ay?i ??e eth???u O???? i????e – ????i ?? ???e ??????, ??u
?????th ?????i ?? ??????? ??e ????? ?e ???? ????, ??u ?? ???ae?a ?
?????ay ????ay ???a, ? ?????e ????.
???? e ???o I???i ??a a ??a, ??ue ????ay I??? Eth??, ????i ??e ?i ????e
?????y. A??????a ???, ????? ??? ???i-?????i ? ??yo ???, ??e ????i,
?????? ??? A??u ? ???ey ???.
I??? a XVII- XVIII ??o ????i?? ???oth ????ny ?a ???? ???ny ???.
A?ioth??u ??? ???ytho A??o e ???th. Ae??? E???a, A?o E???? – eth?, a
???o ????? ?????ue y???, ??oth?ci e ????i (? ??? E????, ? e E???a ??y?
???a ???? ?????o). Eo ???u e ?????ey i ?o ? ??????a ??tho ????i ????o
e ?????o ???e, a ???a i??atho ?e. E???? ??? ??? E???u i ??e ?? a ???? ??
???e. A????oe ?y?y?, ?i ? ??? ?????e ??? ???a e ? ????ny a ???o, ??? ??
e ? ??? ???? ?ay a y?i ??, ???e, ? ?i ??eth, ??? ??o ?? ????i. I??i ?
??? ????? ???? ??? ??, ??u ?-? y?o ????a ?i ???e ????? ??????ai ??????
??????e ??e, ???y ??i e ????? ??? ? ????, ??? ??, ??u y????e ???a?? ????
??? o ???a. Aeey ?? ????ny ? ?? ???a, ????ue ? ???? e “???ey? ??” ??yi
?? ??? ?? ???e ???? A?????e ???????, ?????? ? ?, ??u ????? ??oth ????.
A?e E???a e E???? ???e ?ith ?????th ??o ??i ?y ????ey ???, ? ? ?????e,
Ae???i A??? O???, ??? ? N?, ????, ????y ??i ????, ?????ny ? ?????????
???? a ?????a oth??? ??th??y e a ??? a ae? ?????o.
O??a N?a, ?iy? i ???i ?? ??? ? ???????e ????e e ????e, ? y???e “???”,
“?????” , ?e ?????? ?????ey ?? ??? ?? a ??? XX ??, a i???? ??? ??a 2-?
???e ??u, y?y?ny ??e ? ?th??o ?y ?????ey ?? ????a. I??a ??i ???, ?i ?i
N? ?? ??i ??? ? ??????, ?i, ???e ?? ?e?e ??, ? ????? ?????. I?????a ??
?????ey, ????i ?? ????a… E? a ???? ??? y? ?a y?????? ???a. N? ????i
?i, ?i ??? ?. N? ??? ???u ??? ??????i i?a, ???ay ?? ???? a ??ue, e, n
??? ???u, ?ith ?????th ??ue ????e a ?????? ????a (E ????? N?a ????i
????ny ???oth?y ?????y ????? (O. Ai??, A. A????, E????), ??????, ?????y
– “I??? ? N?” y???? ???ey e ????? TH. I??u (i ?i ??o ??y?? ??a). “N?
?????o ???ey ? ?e ????? e ?????e ????? e ? ?e ????, a ? i??? ?a???????
y?o ?? ??? ?i ???? “ (4). I ???i N?a ???? ?, ?i ? ?e ???th ??ue ????
???, ?e ???? ??e ????????th, ????? a N????e ??a.
AE???a ??? ?? ???i?i ??????? ??e ??? ???a ?? ???e. Iiy?? e N?o ????e
???? ? ?i ?????, ? ?, n ??i, ???y? ?????i ???? y??i “i??i ????” ? ????
?. C??th??y ?i ???th?y n ??, ?i 3 ??ey 1768 ?? (a ?? Na. I??) ??y ???a
??a E??? ??a ? ?? y?y?ny a ?????e ???e, ?a ????ny, ?i ??? ???e ? ??ueth.
Ae?? ???o ????a oth??? ??th??a, ??i ??? ??a ? ?????e, ??????a ??th??y a
oth?? (??a ????a – a A???th, ?a N? 2 ethey 1789 ?? (???? ?y?y A???e)
??? ??a ? ?? ???, ?i a A???e ??atho ??th???, e ???ay ????? e ???
oth?iu). I?? ???ae ? ???o y????. Ai ???a I??a?a ? ?????oth ??o i ???
??????? ??a N?a ??th?tho a ????ue ?y ???????, ?a ? e ???ny ? ??e n??e.
E?e, ??ae ?? ??ue a ??iy?? ????e. N??? e ???eth???? ??y?o, ??i e ????a
y???? (N? ??e a oth?? e ?e ?o), ??i e I????. A?? ??, N? ?i????i ?? e
??e ?????e ?o y????? ( ! ) ?????. ??? ? Ea A??? ???? ?i ? ??a, ?e
“????. I?? ???eyie ?ay??? ??iy?y ?????ay ?y? ? ????o ????e ???.
A XIX ?? ???? ?a ??iay?y ?a ??e ?????i y???? ????. N ?? ??i ?y?? ?iy?a
????. C????? a A??e, ???i ?????o ??u ???????i ?????. Ii ?????? ?
y???????? ????y, ???eyth??, ??????th?? ???? ?u??i, e ? ??????? ??o
???????. In?????ay ??? ????y, “??e??ay” ??y??? ???, ????a??? ??? – ?a
??u ?c???y ???? ???? ???????, ?e ?y????. O?? ??ue ??e ?e ?????i A???. N
??? ???u, ?????? e ?ay ??????y ????. C?? ????a e ?????? ??? ????? a
????a “?????i ???????” ? ????th e ???? “???? ???.
Ia ??? ?? ????? ???e, ????e ???a ?ey?a ? ????, e ??y?ee eth?e ?? ???e.
??ue ?? i ?? e ??th/?? I. O??? ? “???th e ?????a ?????? i???. Eiy ???ey
????ue ? ??a-? ??y ?/???i ? ?????. Ii yo? ???e ????i ?i, ?i y??y ????? a
??/??a ??ue ???e ??? ?????e ????? ??a OIX ??, ?e I. O??ae. An? ? ??
O??ae ??????? ??c y??a, ? a oth?? e ??a ?a ? ????ny e “y???a ????ey”, e
???eyi ????e ??e ????e ?? (“A??? i ??????? oth??”, “De Profundis” ).
A ???e ??a XIX – ??? OO ?? ???e, ?????a ????e ????, ????ny ???????? ???e
????y ?e ????? “?????”. I??y?e “?????” ? ????i ??a ?y??a C??? A??on. I?i
? ??o ????o – ? ??a a ??ue ?????? ???? A???, ???y? e ????o ?y?i ????
?????: “Ao! I?i?? ? ??? ????i ????!” A??? ?e ????i.
A????i, ??cy ? ??y?? ??? “????”, ?e Ae?e?? Iay???e, A. A????e, ????,
????? i ?i ??oth?a: “ Ai ?? ?i ??? ????y, a ???, ??? e ??? ??????ue
??????? ????a e ???th?i e y?? ??a ????. Ii ?e ????? e ????? ? ?? ??o
???eyo e ???o (6) . A i ??? ?? ??a? a ??i: “Iu, ?uy??? ?ay ?????e, ???
??? ??u n ???e ???? ????e, ? ??? ????, a a ???a ??ay?? ??e. Iu ??????e
?? ??, ?e ???u, e ?ey? ? E????o, ???y ??? ?ay ??u. Iu ?y?y?? a ?????, ??
e ??? e ??? o? ?? ???a ??e, ??o?y e ??y ?a ??? ?????y ??u e ?iy?y” (6)
A OO ?? ???e n????y ?????? ??ueth ????. I??y ? ??y?? ???? ????a, ??ay
???? ???o – a ????e ?e a ???? a ?? – ??????ue ?????? ?????e ???? ??? e
???? e ???oth?i ????i ?????. N?? ????e ??? ???? y??y ????? ?u?o “I???”
I??ey Aeth??, ?????? ?, ?i ?c?? ?????e ???e.
Nth????u, ??? ? ???o a ???i ?? ????e ??a ???iy? ???e ?e ???? ????? ??o
y?????o ????e. Ae????i ?i???, ?i ?? ? ?????e ???ey A?? A??i n??e ?a???
nth???????e ??? (I??y? a ??a, ??? ??y?? ?a ?????a), ??u ?? ??i ?e ? ??
?? y?e ?a?? ?y?? ?? ?????i. I??? ?????ny ? ??? nth????? N???? Ae?e ????i
??? ???? ???? n ??th “???????y” ?????? ???. O???e ?a ???? ????ue ? ??n
?????e ??i, ??oue ??? a ????a, ????i ?uy?y? ?ay ???. N???? Ae?e ?? ?
??oi y?????? ?????, ???th?i ??u ???e, ? e ??? ???? ????. A I??a, ????,
?????e ia eth?i ???i ???a, ?a ?? ???u n ?????yie ? ???a ??? Ae?e. O?y?
eth?e ??? ?iy? a ???yo ? ???? a OeAeO, ?a y??????? ?? ? ???u, a ??th?
??a. N????o ???ay ??a “N???? Ae??, ?ae ????i ???e ???? ?i????y ??th??e,
????a, th???? ???e ? ??? ???? ????. “A?? ???? – “??? ? ????” – ??a ????
?? Ae?e ????a ????e. Ae?a ??a ??? ?e??i ?????a ?i ?y ???? ???ue.
E?i, ???, a ??i ?????a – ???? ???? ????? a OO ?? ??e ????ue ???a ????
????. I? ??? ?iy?ny. E??a ??a ????a ????? a ???e ?e ???e ???e ???, e???
???y?? ?????. A ????? ????, ? ??? i????? ? ????e, ???e ?? ??? y????.
N????ay ??eth?y, ???????a ??????y ?????, ???? ??e a 60-o ??o ???e e ??e
???a ??i ?e-???, i??a ? ???o ???tho ??u ??e ??????e ? ?th ??. O?? e ??
???? ???? ??o ???a, ???a ???ae??e ??? ????ue a ?oy????.
I???i ????y? ????, ????a e ????e ??o ???ue ?oy ? ?y??? Aey?? A?e ? ?????
A??? A???e a ???, ???th?? ?????? ??a ???a ????? ??????, ?i ???i ???e a
NIE e ??????? “????? ??? ???a A?e.
A ?? ?e ???e ??a ?? ? ?? “???i”. A????e ??? Oueth A?? ?e ????o ???? a
?????e ??? n ?????? ? ??a a E?-A????. A ????? ???? ? ???ye ???? ? 20 ?i.
????, ?, ?e ?? ????? ??i, ?? ? ??y, ???a ???i y?? ???th ?????a e ??i,
?o?? ???e ???, ?? ? ?????? ?y ???u, ? ? ?? ????a ? 180 ?i. ????. O??
???i, Oueth A?? ?e ? ???e ? 160 ?i. ???? ????? ???u.
CRN (Coefficient of Recognizing of Name – Eiy???? O?????e Ei?e) – ???
?iy?a, a ?i ??a e a ?????e ????. N???y ???a, ?e??, ???? – ??????
???eyth?a ????? ???. N??? ????? e ???? ?ey?a ????a ????e, ?????, ????.
N??????, CRN ????ny. E?i, ??? ????y ??? ??e ?ay ????th?y e, ??????i,
???yo ???ue. I??a ????th?a ???y ????u ? C??a ???e n?a ?y ? ???a y???e?a,
??????e ?? ???.
“A?ue A??? ??????, ?, ?????, ???y?y ? a ??a. A?ue ?????????ue. I?? – ?y
?? ?a y? ????, n ???th ???? ? ???ny ???ny ?e???????i ??a a ?????. <...>
A? ????, a ??e ?? ? ??o ????ny ? ??eth, ??????ue, ??a ????? ?
??a????, ?ay ?????ue a eth?e ??? ???ny, ??? ??a, ???? o ?o a ??o ?? ??c,
a ??? ??ue ??ue ?????e ????, ??????e ???o ??eth” (7)
I??a ?????a ???? ???u A??? – ? ??a ???? ??y ???ath?y ??, ?e ??i ?? ?
ethae? ???a, ?y?y, ?i ? ? ???, ?ae ?? i??th?y, ? ??yo, e, ???y ??????
??e ?????a, ?? ???tho ????ue “??o”, ????ue ? ??i ?????. “ss, N????, ????
?i, ?a ?a ????i ??, – ???o, ?c ???, ?? ? ?? n ???e, ????e ???i ???.
<...> ?i ??? ???a? A??? – ???? ???o. A ?i ??a ???? ss ???: ??, ??a,
???a, ??ue; y? ???e – ??? ?? ???i ???y, ?i ????o a??eth. A? ??a – i??a.
A ?a ??? – y? ??. C?? ???ey, ???ey…” (8)
O?y ?????u e ???atho ?????oth ???, ?, ?ie ?e ?e ? ??????i, ?? a ??i ??i
?????i ????? ????tho ???, oy??th?a e ??y????? e ??? ????a (O?????ny ??a
???e n Ae. A?e; N?, a y?? ???? ?? ?e ???? ??o ?????? ??e ??iy?i
???ath?y ??u ??a “????ue ???”, ?????e ???e ???? Y. E??? ? ??e I???e
A?????e I???).
Nth? ? ???o ???e e ??? ?????? ???ey a y???e ????? ??? ??, e ??? ? ??o
?????o a ???e, TH?i I??o. “I???? ??o??? ???a I??u ???ath?y ?????e ?e
????? ?a??e, ? ????tho ??ue, o?n, ????? ?e ?????e ??… E??? ?????? ?o?a
I??a ???? ? ?????a ?????????o ????, ?????? ????? ??…” – ?e ???? i ?i
Ai??y N???ay Y?????y, 3-a ???a. TH?i I??a ??? ?? ??? : “N??? ?????
?????? ????a e ??ue ????? ??? – ?? e ? ?”. Y?o ??oe? ???? ?y??e ???? a
??ue. I????e ??? ????i ? a ????? ??? ???? ??e ????ny ??????, ???, ?????i
? ??o. I??a ??? ?????? “I???i ??”, ???????th ?????th. Ii ?a y?, ??i ?e e
?i ?????a ?????? ?????ey ?? ??? ??oth?e e ????th, ???e ? ???e 25 ?y?y
1970 ??. N ???a ????e ???ey? i ???, ???? ?e ?a ??a ????? ??i eth??i
?????? ??????i “O???? y???? ?????i ??? ss??? Oe???i, a ???i ???i: “A
???? “?e-?? ???e ???”, a ??a “A?? ??i ????? ??? ?????”. E??e ???e ?y
I??u ?? ??? ?? ??th?? ???, ??? ?c ???ay ?o ?e ?? y???th?e ????, I??a,
??? ??ue ??????i, ?e ? ?? ? ???, ? ???o a ????, ??u ?????ny a ??????a.
25 ?y?y ??? a? n?? ?y I??u ae?i ????? ?????. A 11 ?? ? ??a ????e ?? N?
?????u (ss??e ?????y ??ue ??th ??a 2-? I??? ??u) ?y??y ???? n ??y
?????e ? “I???o ??”. A??e ?????i a ???o ????a, ????? ??, I??a ???? ?/,
??e ??? ??? – a y? ??y a? ?????e ay?? ???? – e ????????ny a ???oa. I??a
??e ? ??? ?y ??, ??u ????ny n ??th e ????. “N??? ? ?e ?o?! I??? ? ?e
?o?! A?ue au ??u! C?? ? ? ????a ?????th, ???y ????o ??????a ??e?” –
????? ??n I??a. N??? ???e a ??o: “E??!”, “N??e ???!”, “I??? a???a!” O? e
? ???? ??, I??a ????y e ???ny a ???o. “I? ?? ia ???e ?iy”, – ???? ?.
*?? ????a ??y ????, ??? ????a “Aea ?????o ?????!”, ???? ????. N??ue,
???? TH?i I??a, ??? ?a?ue ? ?? o ?ny/ eth?e ??a ??????? ?oe?e.
I? ?? ???????? ?i? ?iy??? ???e ??? ????y ? ??? ?????e ??e. E? ? ? ????e
???? ?????u, ?e ? ? ????ue n?y??ny ? ?ith ??????ue, ??? a ?? ????a, ?e
???atho ? ?, ?i e ???ue ?? a ?????i ???a, ? ?, ?i e th???a a Ae??? ??e
e N?????? A??a – ?e ??atho ???? ? ????, ????a.
N??e ??????? ?????
1. 1. I??? N???. E???? ???
2. 2. A?????. I??. C?? ? ???.
3. 3. I??i?e e ??oth??u (A ??e “Y?????y ?? e ????)
4. 4. N??a ? A???. I?? ? ????? (A ???? “I??c ? N? e OO ??)
5. 5. I. E??i. ???? ???i (a ??a “A??u i ???e ????”)
6. 6. I. A????e. Ae??? ???th…
7. 7. I. N?? . A???.
8. 8. N???? Ae?e. O??y ae?? N????a Ae?e, ?????ay ? ??i.
9. 9. I. O??ue. E????ey. Na??u ???i ?ay?y.
10. 10. ss??? Oe???i. O???a Ith?i n ?????ey? TH?i I??u.
11. 11. I??a. C??? ??. (E?i???? ??????? ??? e ?????a)
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