IIAINEAE?NEEE EEANNE*ANEEE EINOEOOO
?AOA?AO II YOEEA
Oaia:
“I?IAEAIU I?IOANNEIIAEUeIIE YOEEE”
Auiieieea: nooaeaioea
a?oiiu THC-52
th?eaee/aneiai oaeoeueoaoa
Naeoiaa A.N.
a. Iiaineae?ne
1998 a.
N I Ae A ? AE A I E A
I. I?ienoiaeaeaiea i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 2
A) I?ioanneiiaeeci eae i?aanoaaiiay /a?oa ee/iinoe . . . . . .
A) Ianoi i?ioanneiiaeueiuo eiaeaenia a nenoaia ii?aee . . . .
II. Aeaeu i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
A) Iaaeeoeeineay yoeea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
A) Yoeea aeciana e aeaeiauo ioiioaiee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Caeeth/aiea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eeoa?aoo?a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
…Ee/iinoue oa?aeoa?ecoaony ia oieueei oai,
/oi iia aeaeaao, ii e oai, eae iia yoi aeaeaao
O. Yiaaeuen
ss aeoiath, /oi i?iaeaiu i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee anaaaea eiaee e aoaeoo
eiaoue aieueoia cia/aiea a o?oaeiaie aeayoaeueiinoe eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea,
iniaaiii a iaoa a?aiy, eiaaea o?aaoaony i?ioanneiiaeu a naiai aeaea,
oiathuea
I?ienoiaeaeaiea i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee
Auynieoue i?ienoiaeaeaiea i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee – yoi i?ineaaeeoue
acaeiinaycue ii?aeueiuo o?aaiaaiee n ?acaeaeaieai iauanoaaiiiai o?oaea
e aicieeiiaaieai i?ioannee. Ia yoe aii?inu, iiiai eao iacaae, ia?auae
aieiaiea A?enoioaeue, caoai Eiio, Aeth?eaaei. Iie aiai?eee i acaeiinayce
?acaeaeaiey iauanoaaiiiai o?oaea n ii?aeueiuie i?eioeeiaie iauanoaa.
Aia?aua iaoa?eaeenoe/aneia iainiiaaiea yoeo i?iaeai aeaee E.Ia?en e O.
Yiaaeuen.
Aicieeiiaaiea ia?auo i?ioanneiiaeueii-yoe/aneeo eiaeaenia ioiineony e
ia?eiaeo ?aianeaiiiai ?acaeaeaiey o?oaea a oneiaeyo noaiiaeaiey
n?aaeiaaaeiauo oeaoia a XI-XII aa. eiaiii oiaaea aia?aua eiinoaoe?otho
iaee/ea a oeaoiauo onoaaao ?yaea i?aanoaaiiuo o?aaiaaiee ii ioiioaieth e
i?ioannee, oa?aeoa?o o?oaea, nio/anoieeai ii o?oaeo.
Iaeiaei ?yae i?ioannee, eiathueo aeeciaiii aaaeiia cia/aiea aeey anao
/eaiia iauanoaa, aicieeee a aeoaieie ae?aaiinoe, e iiyoiio, oaeea
i?ioanneiiaeueii-yoe/aneea eiaeaenu, eae “Eeyoaa Aeiiie?aoa”,
i?aanoaaiiua onoaiiaeaiey ae?aoeia, eniieiyaoeo noaeaaiua ooieoeee,
ecaanoiu ai?acaei ?aiueoa.
Iiyaeaiea i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee ai a?aiaie i?aaeoanoaiaaei nicaeaieth
iao/iuo yoe/aneeo o/aiee, oai?ee i iae. Iianaaeiaaiue iiuo,
iaiaoiaeeiinoue a ?aaoee?iaaiee acaeiiioiioaiee ethaeae oie eee eiie
i?ioannee i?eaiaeeee e iniciaieth e ioi?ieaieth ii?aaeaeaiiuo
o?aaiaaiee i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee. I?ioanneiiaeueiay yoeea, aicieeioa
eae i?iyaeaiea iianaaeiaaiiai ii?aeueiiai niciaiey, caoai oaea
?acaeaaeanue ia iniiaa iaiauaiiie i?aeoeea iiaaaeaiey i?aaenoaaeoaeae
eaaeaeie i?ioanneiiaeueiie a?oiiu. Yoe iaiauaiey niaea?aeaeenue eae a
ienaiuo oae e a iaienaiuo eiaeaenao iiaaaeaiey, oae e a oi?ia
oai?aoe/aneeo auaiaeia. Oaeei ia?acii yoi naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i ia?aoiaea
io iauaeaiiiai niciaiey e oai?aoe/aneiio niciaieth a noa?a
i?ioanneiiaeueiie ii?aee. Aieueooth ?ieue a noaiiaeaiee e onaiaiee ii?i
i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee ea?aao iauanoaaiiia iiaiea. Acaeiinaycue
i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee e iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey nouanoaoao e a oi?ia
o?aaeeoeee. ?acee/iua aeaeu i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee eiatho naie
o?aaeeoeee, /oi naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i iaee/ee i?aainoaaiiinoe iniiaiuo
yoe/aneeo ii?i, au?aaioaiiuo i?aaenoaaeoaeyie oie eee eiie i?ioannee ia
i?ioyaeaiee noieaoee.
I?ioanneiiaeeci eae i?aanoaaiiay /a?oa ee/iinoe
I?ioanneiiaeueiay yoeea – yoi niaieoiiinoue ii?aeueiuo ii?i, eioi?ua
ii?aaeaeytho ioiioaiea /aeiaaea e naiaio i?ioanneiiaeueiiio aeieao.
I?aanoaaiiua ioiioaiey ethaeae a o?oaeiaie noa?a ?aaoee?oao
i?ioanneiiaeueiay yoeea. Iauanoai iiaeao ii?iaeueii ooieoeeiie?iaaoue e
?acaeaaoueny oieueei a ?acoeueoaoa iai?a?uaiiai i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa
iaoa?eaeueiuo e aeooiaiuo oeaiiinoae.
Niaea?aeaieai i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee yaeythony eiaeaenu iiaaaeaiey,
i?aaeienuaathuea ii?aaeaeaiiue oei i?aanoaaiiuo acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo
ethaeueie e niiniau iainiiaaiey aeaiiuo eiaeaenia .
I?ioanneiiaeueiay yoeea eco/aao:
– ioiioaiey o?oaeiauo eieeaeoeaia e eaaeaeiai niaoeeaeenoa a
ioaeaeueiinoe;
– i?aanoaaiiua ea/anoaa ee/iinoe niaoeeaeenoa, eioi?ua iaania/eaatho
iaeeo/oaa auiieiaiea i?ioanneiiaeueiiai aeieaa;
– acaeiiioiioaiey aioo?e i?ioanneiiaeueiuo eieeaeoeaia, e oa
niaoeeoe/aneea i?aanoaaiiua ii?iu, naienoaaiiua aeey aeaiiie i?ioannee;
– iniaaiiinoe i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ainieoaiey.
I?ioanneiiaeeci e ioiioaiea e o?oaeo yaeythony aaaeiuie
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie ii?aeueiiai iaeeea ee/iinoe. Iie eiatho ia?ainoaiaiiia
cia/aiea a ee/iinoiie oa?aeoa?enoeea eiaeeaeaea, ii ia ?acee/iuo yoaiao
enoi?e/aneiai ?acaeoey eo niaea?aeaiea e ioeaiea nouanoaaiii
?acee/aeenue. A eeanniaii iauanoaa iie ii?aaeaeyeenue nioeeaeueiui
ia?aaainoaii aeaeia o?oaea, i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoueth oinoaaiiiai e
oece/aneiai o?oaea, iaee/eai i?eaeeaae?iaaiiuo e iai?eaeeaae?iaaiiuo
i?ioannee. I eeanniaii oa?aeoa?a ii?aee a noa?a o?oaea naeaeaoaeuenoaoao
iaienaiiay a ia?aie o?aoe
II aaea aei i.y. o?enoeaineay aeaeaeneay eieaa “Ioae?inoue Eenona, nuia
Ne?aoiaa”, a eioi?ie anoue iio/aiea i oii, eae neaaeoao ioiineoueny e
?aao: “ei?i, iaeea e a?aiy – aeey inea; oeaa, iaeacaiea e aeaei – aeey
?aaa. Caieiae ?aaa ?aaioith e aoaeaoue eiaoue iieie; ineaaue ?oee aio –
e ii aoaeao eneaoue naiaiaeu”. A Ae?aaiae A?aoeee oece/aneee o?oae ii
oeaiiinoe e cia/eiinoe iaoiaeeeny ia naiie ieaeiae ioeaiea. A a
oaiaeaeueiii iauanoaa ?aeeaey ?anniao?eaaea o?oae eae iaeacaiea ca
ia?ai?iaeiue a?ao, a ?ae i?aaenoaaeyeny eae aa/iay aeeciue aac o?oaea.
I?e eaieoaeecia io/oaeaeaiea ?aai/eo io n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa e
?acoeueoaoia o?oaea ii?iaeaeaei aeaa oeia i?aanoaaiiinoe:
oeuie/anee-a?aaeoaeueneoth eaieoaeenoe/aneoth e
eieeaeoeaenonee-inaiaiaeeoaeueneoth ?aai/aai eeanna,
?ani?ino?aiyaoothny e ia noa?o o?oaea. Ia yoii ieoao O.Yiaaeuen ” …
eaaeaeue eeann e aeaaea i?ioanney eiatho naith ii?aeue”.
Oa neooaoeee, a eioi?uo ieacuaathony ethaee a i?ioeanna auiieiaiey
naieo i?ioanneiiaeueiuo caaea/, ieacuaatho neeueiia aeeyiea ia
oi?ie?iaaiea i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee. A i?ioeanna o?oaea iaaeo ethaeueie
neeaaeuaathony ii?aaeaeaiiua ii?aeueiua ioiioaiey. A ieo anoue ?yae
yeaiaioia , i?enoueo anai aeaeai i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee. Ai-ia?auo, yoi
ioiioaiea e iauanoaaiiiio o?oaeo, e o/anoieeai o?oaeiaiai i?ioeanna,
ai-aoi?uo, yoi oa ii?aeueiua ioiioaiey, eioi?ua aicieeatho a iaeanoe
iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai nii?eeiniiaaiey eioa?ania i?ioanneiiaeueiuo a?oii
ae?oa n ae?oaii e iauanoaii. I?ioanneiiaeueiay yoeea ia yaeyaony
neaaenoaeai ia?aaainoaa a noaiaie ii?aeueiinoe ?acee/iuo
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo a?oii. Ii e iaeioi?ui aeaeai i?ioanneiiaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe iauanoai i?iyaeyao iiauoaiiua ii?aeueiua o?aaiaaiey. Oi
anoue nouanoaotho oaeea i?ioanneiiaeueiua noa?u, a eioi?uo nai i?ioeann
o?oaea o?aaoao niaeaniaaiiinoe aeaenoaee anao aai o/anoieeia.
Oaeaeyaony iniaia aieiaiea ii?aeueiui ea/anoaai ?aaioieeia oie noa?u,
eioi?ua naycaiu n i?aaii ?anii?yaeaoueny aeeciueth ethaeae, caeanue
?a/ue eaeao ia oieueei ia o?iaia ii?aeueiinoe, ii e a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
i aeieaeiii eniieiaiee naieo i?ioanneiiaeueiuo iaycaiiinoae (yoi
i?ioannee ec noa? oneoa, o?ainii?oa, oi?aaeaiey, cae?aaiio?aiaiey,
ainieoaiey). O?oaeiaay aeayoaeueiinoue ethaeae yoeo i?ioannee, aieaa /ai
eaeeo-eeai ae?oaeo, ia iiaeaeaaony i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie ?aaeaiaioaoeee, ia
oiauaaony a ?aieao neoaeaaiuo eino?oeoeee. Ii ii naiaio nouanoao
yaeyaony oai?/aneie. Iniaaiiinoe o?oaea yoeo i?ioanneiiaeueiuo a?oii
oneiaeiytho ii?aeueiua ioiioaiey e e iei i?eaaaeyaony iiaue yeaiaio:
acaeiiaeaenoaea n ethaeueie – iauaeoaie aeayoaeueiinoe. Caeanue
i?aanoaaiiay ioaaonoaaiiinoue i?eia?aoaao ?aoathuaa cia/aiea.Iauanoai
?anniao?eaaao i?aanoaaiiua ea/anoaa ?aaioieea eae iaeei ec aaaeoueo
yeaiaioia aai i?ioanneiiaeueiie i?eaiaeiinoe. Iauaii?aeueiua ii?iu
aeieaeiu auoue eiie?aoece?iaaiu a o?oaeiaie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea n
o/aoii niaoeeoeee aai i?ioannee. Oaeei ia?acii, i?ioanneiiaeueiay
ii?aeue aeieaeia ?anniao?eaaoueny a aaeeinoaa n iauai?eiyoie nenoaiie
ii?aee. Ia?ooaiea o?oaeiaie yoeee nii?iaiaeaeaaony ?ac?ooaieai iaueo
ii?aeueiuo onoaiiaie, e iaiai?io. Aacioaaonoaaiiia ioiioaiea ?aaioieea e
i?ioanneiiaeueiui iaycaiiinoyi i?aaenoaaeyao iianiinoue aeey
ie?oaeathueo, iaiineo a?aae iauanoao, iiaeao i?eaanoe a eiia/iii n/aoa
e e aeaa?aaeaoeee naiie ee/iinoe.
Noaiiaeaiea eioi?iaoeeiiiie oeeaeeecaoeee a ianoiyuaa a?aiy
ii?aaeaeyao iaiaoiaeeiinoue au?aaioee iiaiai oeia i?ioanneiiaeueiie
ii?aee, io?aaeathuae eaeaieiaeth o?oaeiaie aeoeaiinoe ia iniiaa
?acaeoey ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee. ?a/ue eaeao i?aaeaea anaai i ii?aeueiie
eaeaieiaee iiaiai n?aaeiaai eeanna, ninoaaeythuaai iiaeaaeythuaa
aieueoeinoai ?aai/ae neeu a yeiiiie/anee ?acaeoii iauanoaa. A
nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa ee/iinoiua ea/anoaa eiaeeaeaea ia/eiathony n aai
aeaeiaie oa?aeoa?enoeee, ioiioaiey e o?oaeo, o?iaiy i?ioanneiiaeueiie
i?eaiaeiinoe. Ana yoi ii?aaeaeyao eneeth/eoaeueioth aeooaeueiinoue
ii?inia, ninoaaeythueo niaea?aeaiea i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee. Iiaeeeiiue
i?ioanneiiaeeci iie?aaony ia oaeea ii?aeueiua ii?iu eae aeiea,
/anoiinoue, o?aaiaaoaeueiinoue e naaa e naiei eieeaaai, ioaaonoaaiiinoue
ca ?acoeueoaou naiaai o?oaea.
AEAeU I?IOANNEIIAEUeIIE YOEEE
I?ioanneiiaeueiua aeaeu yoeee – yoi oa niaoeeoe/aneea iniaaiiinoe
i?ioanneiiaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ua iai?aaeaiu iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia
/aeiaaea a oao eee eiuo oneiaeyo aai aeecie e aeayoaeueiinoe a
iauanoaa. Eco/aiea aeaeia i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee iieacuaaao
iiiaiia?acea, ?aciinoi?iiiinoue ii?aeueiuo ioiioaiee. Aeey eaaeaeie
i?ioannee eaeia-oi iniaia cia/aiea i?eia?aoatho oa eee eiua
i?ioanneiiaeueiua ii?aeueiua ii?iu. I?ioanneiiaeueiua ii?aeueiua ii?iu –
yoi i?aaeea, ia?acoeu, ii?yaeie aioo?aiiae naii?aaoeyoeee ee/iinoe ia
iniiaa yoe/aneeo eaeaaeia, eioi?ua ….
Ii?aaeaeaiiinoue ii?aeueiuo i?ioanneiiaeueiuo ii?i , eae e ii?i aiiaua,
caaeaaony aeeniiceoeeyie (i?aaeienaieyie, eino?oeoeeyie, eiia?aoeaaie,
cai?aoaie), naieoeeyie (iiaoaeaeaiey, naiiaea/aiey, naiioaaaeaiey) e
oneiaeyie aeaenoaey (nioeeaeueiay, a?aaeaeaineay, eioaeeaeooaeueiay
naiaiaea; i?aanoaaiiua eaeaaeu). Oi?iie au?aaeaiey o?aaiaaiee
i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee yaeyaony oaeaea iauanoaaiiia iiaiea aeaiiie
nioeeaeueiie a?oiiu eeoe, i?eiaaeeaaeaueo e iaeiie i?ioannee.
Iniiaiuie aeaeaie i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee yaeythony: a?a/aaiay yoeea,
iaaeaaiae/aneay yoeea, yoeea o/aiiai, aeoa?a, ooaeiaeieea,
i?aaei?eieiaoaey, eiaeaia?a e o.ae. Eaaeaeue aeae i?ioanneiiaeueiie
yoeee ii?aaeaeyaony naiaia?aceai i?ioanneiiaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, eiaao
naie niaoeeoe/aneea aniaeou.
ss oi/o ?anniio?aoue ae?aooea iaeioi?ua aeaeu i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee
, oae eae eaaeaeay oaia yaeyaony aeooaeueiie ai acaeiiioiioaieyo iaoai
neiaeiii ie?a, e ca/anooth, i/aiue o?oaeii ?aoeoue, /oi yoe/ii, a /oi
ia yoe/ii.
IAAeEOeEINEAss YOEEA
Naiaia?acea iaaeeoeeineie yoeee caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi a iae, ana
ii?iu, i?eioeeiu e ioeaiee i?eaioe?iaaiu ia caei?iauea /aeiaaea, aai
oeo/oaiea e nio?aiaiea. Naia au?aaeaiea yoe ii?iu ia?aiia/aeueii auee
cae?aieaiu a Eeyoaa Aeiiie?aoa, eioi?ay noaea ioi?aaiie oi/eie aeey
nicaeaiey ae?oaeo i?ioanneiiaeueii-ii?aeueiuo iaaeeoeeineeo
eiaeaenia(Eeyoaa a?a/a). Iai?eia?, aieaa ainueieaeanyoe eao iacaae auea
nicaeaia nano?eineay Eeyoaa Oei?ain Iaeoeiaaee.
Aicieeoay a 1947 a. Anaie?iay iaaeeoeeineay annioeeaoeey ia/aea naith
aeayoaeueiinoue n i?eiyoey “AEaiaaneie aeaeea?aoeee” – nia?aiaiiiai
aa?eaioa Eeyoau Aeiiie?aoa. “AEaiaaneay aeaeea?aoeey” ia i?inoi
iiaeoaa?aeeea iniiaiiieaaathuoth ?ieue aoiaienoe/aneiai eaeaaea a
iaaeeoeeia, ii e noaea ii?aeueii yoe/aneie aa?aioeae iacaaeneiinoe
iaaeeoeeineie i?ioannee io iieeoe/aneeo ?aaeeiia e eaeaieiae/aneiai
aeeeoaoa..
?ac?aaioea e i?eiyoea Annioeeaoeeae iaaeeoeeineeo
nanoa? ?innee Yoe/aneiai eiaeaena iaaeeoeeineie nano?u
iiaeoaa?aeaeaao iauoth enoi?e/aneoth caeiiiia?iinoue, yaeyynue aaaeiui
yoaiii ?aoi?iu nano?eineiai aeaea a ?innee..
Eaaithoeei A.ss., aeioeaio, aeieoi? oeeinioneeo iaoe, eaiaeeaeao
iaaeeoeeineeo iaoe ieoao: “Yoe/aneee eiaeaen iaaeeoeeineie nano?u
?innee” i?eia?aoaao iniaoth cia/eiinoue a eiioaenoa enoi?ee
ioa/anoaaiiie iaaeeoeeiu a OO a. N iaeiie noi?iiu, ia?iiiia iiiaeanoai
iaaeeoeeineeo nanoa? e a?a/ae auee a yoi a?aiy aa?iu naiaio
i?ioanneiiaeueiiio aeieao (iai?eia?, a aiaeu Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie
aieiu). N ae?oaie aea noi?iiu, iaeuecy caauaaoue i
neaaeothueo oaeoao. Aua a 20-a aiaeu ioeoeeaeueiua ?oeiaiaeeoaee
niaaoneiai cae?aaiio?aiaiey (a /anoiinoe, I.A.Naiaoei) o?aeoiaaee
i?ioanneiiaeueioth iaaeeoeeineoth yoeeo eae “ao?aeoaciue ia?aaeeoie”,
auee oaaaeaeaiu, /oi iiiyoea eae “a?a/aaiay oaeia” aeey niaaoneie
iaaeeoeeiu a aoaeouai ioii?ao. Aiaeiae/iia ioiioaiea a yoe aiaeu auei e
e iiiyoeth “iaaeeoeeineay nano?a”, eioi?ia i?aaeeaaaeinue
caiaieoue iiiyoeyie “iiia?a/a”, “caia?a/a”, “iaaeoaoiee” e ae?.: “Naii
neiai “nano?a”, aea e aua “nano?a ieeina?aeey”, eae iiiyoea,
aeeth/athuaa a naay ia/oi ?aeeaeiciia, iiiaoaneia, ia niioaaonoaoao
caaea/ai niaaoneiai cae?aaiio?aiaiey e oeio iaae?aaioieea, eioi?ue iai
ioaeai…” (Ieeieaaa I.Ae. Nano?a eee iaaeeoeeineee oaoiee// Ca eaae?u
iaaeeoeeineiai ia?niiaea, 1932, N 1-2, n. 40).
A ianeieueei naeaaeaiiii aeaea oaeia ioiioaiea e
i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeea a iaoai cae?aaiio?aiaiee nio?aiyeinue a
oa/aiea anaai niaaoneiai ia?eiaea. “I?enyaa a?a/a Niaaoneiai Nithca”
auea nicaeaia a 1971 a., oi anoue ia 23 aiaea iicaeiaa “AEaiaaneie
aeaeea?aoeee”. E oiio aea, a eo niaea?aeaiee eiathony cia/eoaeueiua,
i?eioeeieaeueiua ?acee/ey. Iai?eia?, a niaaoneie
a?a/aaiie I?enyaa nianai ionoonoaoao ii?aeueii-yoe/aneay ioeaiea
eneonnoaaiiiai aai?oa. Oioy ana iaoe a?a/e a 70-80a.a. aeaaaee
eeyoaaiiia iaauaiea ia ?acaeaoaoue eiioeaeaioeeaeueioth eioi?iaoeeth i
iaoeeaioa, ia i?aeoeea caienue a eenoea iao?oaeiniiniaiinoe iacaaiey
caaieaaaiey auea iaycaoaeueiie aieioue aei 1993 a. Eia/a aiai?y, a
oa/aiea aeieaeo eao a i?ioanneiiaeueiie n?aaea niaaoneeo iaaeeeia
ioeoeeaeueii ianaaeaeaeny yoe/aneee ieaeeeci. I?eiyoea “Yoe/aneiai
eiaeaena iaaeeoeeineie nano?u ?innee” – yoi e
iieayiea, e iaaeaaeaea aica?auaiey iieiiai ii?aeueii-yoe/aneiai
caei?iauey iaoei iaaeeeai.
“Yoe/aneee eiaeaen iaaeeoeeineie nano?u ?innee” ninoaaeai n o/aoii
iiauo eaeae, ii?aaeaeeaoeo a oa/aiea iineaaeieo aeaoo o?ao aeanyoeeaoee
niaea?aeaiea iaaeeoeeineie yoeee aiiaua e i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee
iaaeeoeeineie nano?u a /anoiinoe. I?aaeaea anaai, Eiaeaen io?acee
nia?aiaiiua i?aaenoaaeaiey i i?aaao iaoeeaioa, eioi?ua yaeythony
niaea?aeaieai eiie?aoiuo iaycaiiinoae, aeieaa iaaeeoeeineie nano?u.
“Yoe/aneee eiaeaen iaaeeoeeineie nano?u ?innee” ninoaaeai ia iniiaa
– Onoaaa Anaie?iie i?aaiecaoeee cae?aaiio?aiaiey (1946),
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aeieoiaioia ii iaaeeoeeineie yoeea –
– “Eennaaiineie aeaeea?aoeee i i?aaao iaoeeaioa” Anaie?iie
iaaeeoeeineie annioeeaoeee (1981, 1995),
– “Aa?iiaeneiai eiaeaena iaaeeoeeineie yoeee” (1987),
– “Aeaeea?aoeee i iieeoeea a iaeanoe i?aa iaoeeaioia a Aa?iia”
– Anaie?iie i?aaiecaoeee cae?aaiio?aiaiey (1994),
– “Yoe/aneiai eiaeaena iaaeeoeeineeo nanoa?” Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai niaaoa
iaaeeoeeineeo nanoa? (1973) e iaeioi?uo ae?oaeo.
I?eieiaeenue oaeaea ai aieiaiea iaeioi?ua iaoeeiiaeueiua yoe/aneea
eiaeaenu iaaeeoeeineeo nanoa? (a /anoiinoe, NOA, Aaeeeia?eoaiee).
Eniieueciaaeny iiuo ninoaaeaiey niioaaonoaothueo yoe/aneeo aeieoiaioia a
iaoae no?aia – “Eiaeaena i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee ineoeao?a” (i?eiyo
?inneeneei iauanoaii ineoeao?ia a 1993 a.), “Yoe/aneiai eiaeaena
?inneeneiai a?a/a” (i?eiyo Annioeeaoeeae a?a/ae ?innee a 1994 a.).
Iniiaiuie iinooeaoaie Yoe/aneiai eiaeaena iaaeeoeeineie nano?u
yaeythony neaaeothuea iieiaeaiey:
* Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a iaycaia ieacuaaoue iaoeeaioo ea/anoaaiioth
iaaeeoeeineoth iiiiuue, ioaa/athuoth i?eioeeiai aoiaiiinoe e
i?ioanneiiaeueiui noaiaea?oai. Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a ianao ii?aeueioth
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca naith aeayoaeueiinoue ia?aae iaoeeaioii, eieeaaaie e
iauanoaii. I?ioanneiiaeueiay e yoe/aneay iaycaiiinoue iaaeeoeeineie
nano?u ieacuaaoue, a ia?o naiae eiiiaoaioeee, iaioeiaeioth
iaaeeoeeineoth iiiiuue ethaiio /aeiaaeo, ioaeaeathuaiony a iae.
* Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a aeieaeia anaaaea niaethaeaoue e iiaeaea?aeeaaoue
i?ioanneiiaeueiua noaiaea?ou aeayoaeueiinoe,
ii?aaeaeyaiua Ieienoa?noaii cae?aaiio?aiaiey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee.
Iai?a?uaiia niaa?oainoaiaaiea niaoeeaeueiuo ciaiee e oiaiee, iiauoaiea
naiaai eoeueoo?iiai o?iaiy – ia?aaeoee i?ioanneiiaeueiue aeiea
iaaeeoeeineie nano?u. ss aeoiath, /oi yoio i?eioeei yaeyaony aaaeiaeoei
ia oieueei a iaaeeoeeineie aeayoaeueiinoe, ii e a eaaeaeie ae?oaie
o?oaeiaie noa?a.
* Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a aeieaeia auoue eiiiaoaioiie a ioiioaiee
ii?aeueiuo e th?eaee/aneeo i?aa iaoeeaioa. Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a
aeieaeia i?aauoa anaai noaaeoue nino?aaeaiea e oaaaeaiea e aeecie
iaoeeaioa. Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a iaycaia oaaaeaoue i?aai iaoeeaioa ia
iaeaa/aiea no?aaeaiee a oie ia?a, a eaeie yoi iicaieyao nouanoaothuee
o?iaaiue iaaeeoeeineeo ciaiee. Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a ia ai?aaa
o/anoaiaaoue a iuoeao, eaciyo e eiuo oi?iao aeanoieiai e aan/aeiaa/iiai
ia?auaiey n ethaeueie. Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a ia ai?aaa niinianoaiaaoue
naiioaeenoao aieueiiai.
* *oi eanaaony yaoaiacee, oi anoue i?aaeiaia?aiiuo aeaenoaee
iaaeeoeeineie nano?u n oeaeueth i?ae?auaiey aeecie oie?athuaai
iaoeeaioa, oi Yoe/aneee eiaeaen iaaeeoeeineie nano?u aiai?eo, /oi yoi ie
a eiai neo/aa ia aeiionoeii, e aeaaea ii aai i?inueaa.
* Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a ia ai?aaa ia?ooaoue ae?aaithth yoe/aneoth
caiiaaaeue iaaeeoeeiu “I?aaeaea anaai – ia iaa?aaeeoue!”.
* Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a aeieaeia oaaaeaoue i?aai iaoeeaioa eee aai
caeiiiiai i?aaenoaaeoaey (eiaaea iia eiaao aeaei n ?aaaieii eee
iaaeaaniiniaiui aeooaaiiaieueiui) niaeaoaoueny ia ethaia
iaaeeoeeineia aiaoaoaeuenoai eee ioeacaoueny io iaai.
* Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a aeieaeia no?aieoueny o/anoaiaaoue a
enneaaeiaaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe, a i?aoiiiaeaiee ciaiee a naiae
i?ioannee.
* Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a aeieaeia nio?aiyoue a oaeia io o?aoueeo eeoe
aeiaa?aiioth ae eee noaaooth ae ecaanoiie a neeo eniieiaiey
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo iaycaiiinoae eioi?iaoeeth i ninoiyiee caei?iauey
iaoeeaioa, aeeaaiica, ea/aiee, i?iaiica aai caaieaaaiey, a oaeaea i
ee/iie aeecie iaoeeaioa, aeaaea iinea oiai, eae iaoeeaio oi?ao.
Yoi aeaeaei ia ana iieiaeaiey Yoe/aneiai eiaeaena iaaeeoeeineie nano?u,
ii n?aco noaiiaeony iiiyoii, eaeeie ea/anoaaie , e ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
ii?aeueiuie aeieaeai iaeaaeaoue iaaeeoeeineee ?aaioiee. Enoi?ey
iaaeeoeeineie i?aeoeee ?innee ciaao iaiaei i?eia?ia i?aanoaaiiie
naiiioaa?aeaiiinoe a?a/ae e o/aiuo ai eiy nianaiey aeeciae ae?oaeo
ethaeae. Oae, iai?eia?, E.E. Ia/ieeia eniuouaae ia naaa i?aia?ao,
niaea?aeauee aaoeeeeu oiea?u, a N.E. Aioeei naeaeae naaa ia?aoth
i?eaeaeo io /oiu. Ii ia?yaeo n iiiaeanoaaiiinoueth oaeeo i?eia?ia, iu
ano?a/aainy e n iaaeia?iniaanoiui ioiioaieai e naiei neoaeaaiui
iaycaiiinoyi, /oi aiai?eo i i?aanoaaiiie iaiieiioeaiiinoe yoie eaoaai?ee
a?a/ae. Ee/ii y, a naiae aeecie, n oaeie eaoaai?eae ia noaeeeaaeanue, e
iia i/aiue o?oaeii i?aaenoaaeoue a?a/a n ionoonoaeai eaeeo-eeai
i?aanoaaiiuo ea/anoa.
YOEEA AECIANA E AeAEIAUO IOIIOAIEE
Iniaui i?iyaeaieai i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee aunooiaao yeiiiie/aneay
yoeea (“aeaeiaay yoeea”, “yoeea aeciana”. Yoie i?iaeaia nae/an
oaeaeyaony iiiai aieiaiey. Yeiiiie/aneay yoeea – iaoea ae?aaiyy. Aa
ia/aei iieiaeaii A?enoioaeai a i?iecaaaeaieyo “Yoeea”, “Ieeiiaoiaa
yoeea”, “Iieeoeea”. A?enoioaeue ia ioaeaeyao yeiiiieeo io yeiiiie/aneie
yoeee. Ii niaaoiaae naiaio nuio Ieeiiaoo caieiaoueny oieueei
i?iecaiaenoaii aeaa. aai i?eioeeiu iaoee ?acaeoea a eaeayo e
eiioeaioeeyo eaoiee/aneeo e i?ioanoaioneeo oaieiaia, eioi?ua a oa/aiea
aeeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie iai?yaeaiii ?aciuoeyee ia i?iaeaiaie yoeee
aeciana. Aicieeiiaaiea eaieoaeecia a Aa?iia a XVI aaea auei oanii
naycaii n i?ioanoaioneie ?aoi?iaoeeae. Iiaeii neacaoue, /oi
i?ioanoaioeci naeaeae aiciiaeiui oi?ie?iaaiea yoeee aeciana. Anee au ii
neaaeiaae ca n?aaeiaaaeiaie eaoiee/aneie eaeaieiaeae, ooaa?aeaeaaoae,
/oi “aeaeaiea aeaiaa” iiaeeaaeeo ii?aeueiiio inoaeaeaieth, oi ia niia au
onoaiiaeoue i?aanoaaiiuo noaiaea?oia aeey aeinoeaeaiey naieo oeaeae.
Oae, Oiia Aeaeineee aa?ee a oi, /oi aieueoeinoai oi?i oi?aiaee,
inouanoaeyaiie n oeaeueth ecaea/aiey i?eauee, yaeythony iaycaoaeueii
aii?aeueiuie. Io?eoeay yoe onoaiiaee, i?ioanoaioeci naeaeae aiciiaeiui
oi?ie?iaaiea yoeee aeciana a ?acoeueoaoa ii?aeueiiai inayuaiey
no?aieaiey e i?eauee. Ii ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi o?oae aecianiaia iiaeao auoue
iaeia?ai Aiaii. No?aieaiea e i?eauee e no?aieaiea e Aiao noaee ia
oieueei niaianoeiuie, ii e acaeiiiaoneaaeeaathueie. A aiciaa?aaeaeaiea
oeiainiaui oniaoii noaei iiieiaoueny eae ciae ?aniieiaeaiey Aiaa.
Naaoneay aa?ney i?ioanoaioneie yoeee aeciana noaea aaaeiie ninoaaiie
/anoueth caiaaeiie iauanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u. A iaoa a?aiy oi?ioay yoeea
icia/aao oi?ioee aecian. Iiaeii auoue iaeiia?aiaiii aeia?iaeaoaeueiui e
i?aoniaaathuei a aeciana /aeiaaeii, e /oi ii?aeueiay aeia?iaeaoaeue
iaiaoiaeeiia oneiaea aeey oniaoa.
Iaeiie ec ia?auo yoeei-yeiiiie/aneeo eiioeaioeee auea eiioeaioeey A.
Oi?aea. Ii n/eoae, /oi n/anouea e aeaaininoiyiea aeiauaathony oieueei
/anoiie ?aaioie e /oi a yoii caeeth/aaony yoe/aneee cae?aaue niune.
nooue oi?aeianeie yeiiiie/aneie yoeee caeeth/aia a iunee i oii, /oi
i?iecaaaeaiiue i?iaeoeo ia i?inoi ?aaeeciaaiiay “aeaeiaay oai?ey”, a
“ia/oi aieueoaa” – oai?ey, oeaeue eioi?ie nicaeaoue ec ie?a aauae
enoi/iee ?aaeinoae. Neea e iaoeia, aeaiueae e eiouanoai iieaciu eeoue
iinoieueeo, iineieueeo iie niinianoaotho aeeciaiiie naiaiaea.
Yoeei-yeiiiie/aneea onoaiiaee Oi?aea eiatho i?aeoe/aneia cia/aiea e a
ianoiyuaa a?aiy. Yeiiiie/aneay yoeea – yoi niaieoiiinoue ii?i iiaaaeaiey
i?aaei?eieiaoaey, o?aaiaaiey i?aaeuyaeyaiua eoeueoo?iui iauanoaii e aai
noeeth ?aaiou , oa?aeoa?o iauaiey iaaeaeo o/anoieeaie aeciana, eo
nioeeaeueiiio iaeeeo. Yoi – aaeaioe?iaaiiua e i?aeoe/aneei ioaeaeai
aecianiaia naaaeaiey ia yoe/aneeo iiiyoeyo, i ii?aeueiuo o?aaiaaieyo e
noeeth ?aaiou e iaeeeo aeaeiaiai /aeiaaea. Yoi – yoeea aaaeaiey
ia?aaiai?ia n ia?oia?aie, yoeea ninoaaeaiey aeieoiaioaoeee,
eniieueciaaiea yoe/aneeo iaoiaeia eiieo?aioeee.
Aeey ?innee i?iaeaiu yeiiiie/aneie yoeee i?eia?aoatho aieueoia
cia/aiea. Yoi iauyniyaony no?aieoaeueiui oi?ie?iaaieai ?uii/iuo
ioiioaiee e ii?ieaie aeciana a iaoae no?aia. Anee aniiiieoue i?ioeua
a?aiaia, e naaiaeiyoiea, ioia/athony ?aceoaeueiua ia?aiaiu. Acyoue,
iai?eia?, ianeoaeeaaiea a noa?a oi?aiaee. Anee ?aiaa nouanoaothuee
eicoia ” Iieoiaoaeue anaaaea i?aa” aue oieueei oi?iaeueiui, oi nae/an
ana anoaei ia naie ianoa. A aieueoeinoaa iaaaceiia oaay ano?a/atho n
oeuaeie, n iiiiuueth a auai?a oiaa?u, ii ca/anooth, eae iia eaaeaony,
yoi aieiaiea eceeoia iacieeeaia. Yeiiiie/aneay yoeea a ?innee
?acaeaaaony ao?iuie oaiiaie.
Yeiiiie/aneay yoeea aeeth/aao a naay aeaeiaie yoeeao, eioi?ue
oi?ie?oaony iiae aeeyieai o?aaeeoeee e ii?aaeaeaiiuo neiaeeaoeony
enoi?e/aneeo oneiaee eiie?aoiiio no?aiu. Aeaeiaie yoeeao – yoi ii?iu,
?aaeaiaioe?othuea noeeue ?aaio, iaia?o iauaiey iaaeaeo oe?iaie, eieaeae
aecianiaia e o.ae. Yoeea i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa ia iiaeao aicieeiooue ii
noauaeoeaiiio aeaeaieth . Aa oi?ie?iaaiea – neiaeiue e aeeeoaeueiue
i?ioeann. Oneiaeyie oi?ie?iaaiey aa yaeythony: iieeoe/aneay e
yeiiiie/aneay naiaiaea, neeueiay eniieieoaeueiay aeanoue, noaaeeueiinoue
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, i?iiaaaiaea, i?aai,
Iniiaiuie iinooeaoaie yoe/aneiai eiaeaena i?aaei?eieiaoaey yaeythony
neaaeothuea:
– ii oaaaeaeai a iieaciinoe naiaai o?oaea ia oieueei aeey naay, ii e
aeey ae?oaeo, aeey iauanoaa a oeaeii;
– enoiaeeo ec oiai, /oi ethaee, ie?oaeathuea aai oioyo e oiatho
?aaioaoue,
– aa?eo a aecian, ?anoeaieaaao aai eae i?eaeaeaoaeueii oai?/anoai,
– i?eciaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue eiieo?aioeee , ii iiieiaao e iaiaoiaeeiinoue
nio?oaeie/anoaa,
– oaaaeaao ethaoth nianoaaiiinoue, iauanoaaiiua aeaeaeaiey, oaaaeaao
i?ioanneiiaeeci e eiiiaoaioiinoue, caeiiu,
– oeaieo ia?aciaaiea. iaoeo e oaoieeo,
Yoe iniiaiua i?eioeeiu yoeee aeaeiaiai /aeiaaea iiaoo auoue
eiie?aoece?iaaiu i?eiaieoaeueii e ?acee/iui noa?ai aai
i?ioanneiiaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
CAEETH*AIEA
I?ioanneiiaeueiay yoeea iauanoaa ia iiaeao i?aaenoaaeyoue aaniethoioth
enoeio a iiaaaeaiee ethaeae. Eaaeaeia iieieaiea aeieaeii ?aoaoue eo
aiiaue e aiiaue naiinoiyoaeueii e oai?/anee. Ii iiaua ?ac?aaioee
aeieaeiu iie?aoueny ia ii?aeueiue iioaioeeae, nicaeaiiue
i?aaeoanoaothueie iieieaieyie.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy, eiaaea eiaao ianoi iia?aaeathuaa ?acaeoea
oaoie/aneeo aniaeoia e ionoaaaiea eoeueoo?iiai, i/aiue aaaeii iiiyoue ,
/oi aeey noaaeeecaoeee iauanoaa iaiaoiaeeiu yoe/aneea ciaiey.
E E O A ? A O O ? A
1. “Iniiau yoe/aneeo ciaiee” iiae ?aae. i?ioanni?a I.I. ?inaiei. Ecae.
“Eaiue”, 1998a.
2. AEo?iae “Iaaeeoeeineee aanoiee”, 1997a.
I?iaeaiu i?ioanneiiaeueiie yoeee
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