Ieienoa?noai iauaai e i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee
Ainoaea?noaaiiue Oieaa?neoao Oi?aaeaiey
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA
ii aeenoeeieeia: nioeeaeueiay ineoieiaey
ia oaio : “Ia?oeaioeaiay noi?iia iauaiey”
Auiieieea : nooaeaioea EN e OI
a?oiia Nioeeieiaey II-1
Ia?aie/ Eaoa?eia
I?iaa?ee : Ooeee Y. I
Iineaa, 1999 aiae.
Niaea?aeaiea :
Iiiyoea nioeeaeueiie ia?oeaioeee e
iaaeee/iinoiiai
aini?eyoey………………………………………….1
Niaea?aeaiea iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey ………………..4
Eaocaeueiay
ao?eaooeey……………………………………………..5
Ioeaee ao?eaooeee
………………………………………………9
I?eioeeiu ii?aaeaeaiey i?e/eiiinoe
……………………….10
?ieue onoaiiaee i?e aini?eyoee /aeiaaea /aeiaaeii …..13
Oi?ie?iaaiea ia?aiai aia/aoeaiey i /aeiaaea ………….15
Iaoaieciu e “yooaeou” iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey….17
Eaeaioeoeeaoeey, yiiaoey e ?aoeaeney a i?ioeanna
iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey
……………………………….18
“Yooaeou” iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey ………………..20
ssaeaiea noa?aioeiecaoeee a iaaeee/iinoiii aini?eyoee..22
Iaaeee/iinoiay aoo?aeoeey
……………………………….25
Ianoi iauaiey a aeecie /aeiaaea ………………………..29
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u …………………….30
Iiiyoey nioeeaeueiie ia?oeaioeee e
iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey.
Ecaanoii iiiaeanoai ?acee/iuo eioa?i?aoaoeee oiai oaeoa, /oi /aeiaae
euao iauanoai naaa iiaeiaiuo. O /aeiaaea iiene eiioaeoia n ae?oaeie
ethaeueie naycai n aicieeathuae iio?aaiinoueth a iauaiee. A ioee/ea io
aeeaioiuo o /aeiaaea iio?aaiinoue a iauaiee, eiioaeoa, yaeyaony aiieia
naiinoiyoaeueiui aioo?aiiei noeioeii, iacaaeneiui io ae?oaeo
iio?aaiinoae ( a ieua, a iaeaaeaea e o. ae. ) . Iia aicieeaao o /aeiaaea
/ooue ee ia n ?iaeaeaiey e iaeaieaa io/aoeeai i?iyaeyaony a iieoi?a –
aeaa ianyoea. A i?ioeanna iauaiey aeieaeii i?enoonoaiaaoue
acaeiiiiieiaiea iaaeaeo o/anoieeaie yoiai i?ioeanna, iiyoiio aieueoia
cia/aiea eiaao oio oaeo, eae aini?eieiaaony ia?oia? ii iauaieth, eiuie
neiaaie i?ioeann aini?eyoey iaeiei /aeiaaeii ae?oaiai yaeyaony
iaycaoaeueiie ninoaaiie /anoueth iauaiey e oneiaii iiaeao auoue iacaai
ia?oeaioeaiie noi?iiie iauaiey.
?anniio?ei ia i?eia?a, eae a iauai aeaea ?acai?a/eaaaony i?ioeann
aini?eyoey iaeiei /aeiaaeii (iaaethaeaoaeai) ae?oaiai (iaaethaeaaiiai).
A iaaethaeaaiii iai aeinooiiu eeoue aiaoiea i?eciaee, n?aaee eioi?uo
iaeaieaa eioi?iaoeaiuie yaeyaony aiaoiee iaeee (oece/aneea ea/anoaa
iethn ioi?ieaiea aiaoiinoe) e iiaaaeaiea (niaa?oaaiua aeaenoaey e
yeni?anneaiua ?aaeoeee). Aini?eieiay yoe ea/anoaa iaaethaeaoaeue
ii?aaeaeaiiui ia?acii ioeaieaaao eo e aeaeaao iaeioi?ua oiicaeeth/aiey
(/anoi aanniciaoaeueii) i aioo?aiieo ineoieiae/aneeo naienoaao ia?oia?a
ii iauaieth. Noiia naienoa, i?eienuaaaiay iaaethaeaaiiio, a naith
i/a?aaeue, aeaao /aeiaaeo aiciiaeiinoue noi?ie?iaaoue ii?aaeaeaiiia
ioiioaiea e iaio (yoi ioiioaiea /aua anaai iineo yiioeeiiaeueiue
oa?aeoa? e ?aniieaaaaony a i?aaeaeao eiioeiooia “i?aaeony – ia
i?aaeony”). Ia?a/eneaiiua auoa oaiiiaiu i?eiyoi ioiineoue e nioeeaeueiie
ia?oeaioeee.
Nioeeaeueiie ia?oeaioeeae iacuaatho i?ioeann aini?eyoey oae iacuaaaiuo
nioeeaeueiuo iauaeoia, iiae eioi?uie iiae?acoiaaathony ae?oaea ethaee,
nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu, aieueoea nioeeaeueiua iauiinoe. Oaeei ia?acii
aini?eyoea /aeiaaeii /aeiaaea ioiineony e iaeanoe nioeeaeueiie
ia?oeaioeee, ii ia en/a?iuaaao aa. Anee aiai?eoue i i?iaeaia
acaeiiiiieiaiey ia?oia?ia ii iauaieth, oi aieaa oianoiui aoaeao oa?iei
“iaaeee/iinoiay ia?oeaioeey”, eee iaaeee/iinoiia aini?eyoea. Aini?eyoea
nioeeaeueiuo iauaeoia iaeaaeaao oaeeie iiiai/eneaiiuie niaoeeoe/aneeie
/a?oaie /oi aeaaea oiio?aaeaiea naiiai neiaa “aini?eyoea” eaaeaony ia
nianai oi/iui, oae eae ?yae oaiiiaiia, eiathueo ianoi i?e oi?ie?iaaiee
i?aaenoaaeaiey i ae?oaii /aeiaaea , ia oeeaaeuaaaony a o?aaeeoeeiiiia
ii?aaeaeaiea ia?oeaioeaiiai i?ioeanna. A yoii neo/aa a ea/anoaa neiiieia
“aini?eyoeth ae?oaiai /aeiaaea” oiio?aaeytho au?aaeaiea “iiciaiea
ae?oaiai /aeiaaea”.
Yoi aieaa oe?ieia iiieiaiea oa?ieia iaoneiaeaii niaoeeoe/aneeie /a?oaie
aini?eyoey ae?oaiai /aeiaaea, e eioi?ui ioiineony ia oieueei aini?eyoea
oece/aneeo oa?aeoa?enoee iauaeoa, ii e aai iiaaaeai/aneeo oa?aeoa?enoee,
oi?ie?iaaiea i?aaenoaaeaiey i aai iaia?aieyo, iuneyo, niiniaiinoyo,
yiioeeyo, onoaiiaeao e o. ae. Iiaeoiae e i?iaeaiai aini?eyoey, naycaiiue
n oae iacuaaaiie o?aicaeoiie (o?ainaeoiie) ineoieiaeae, iniaaiii
iiae/a?eeaaao iuneue i oii, /oi aeoeaiia o/anoea noauaeoa aini?eyoey a
o?aicaeoeee i?aaeiieaaaao o/ao ?iee iaeeaeaiee, aeaeaiee, iaia?aiee,
i?ioeiai iiuoa noauaeoa eae niaoeeoe/aneeo aeaoa?ieiaio ia?oeaioeaiie
neooaoeee.
A oeaeii a oiaea iaaeee/iinoiie ia?oeaioeee inouanoaeyaony :
yiioeeiiaeueiay ioeaiea ae?oaiai, iiiuoea iiiyoue i?e/eiu aai iinooieia
e i?iaiice?iaaoue aai iiaaaeaiea, iino?iaiea nianoaaiiie no?aoaaee
iiaaaeaiey.
Auaeaeytho /aou?a iniiaiuo ooieoeee iaaeee/iinoiie ia?oeaioeee :
iiciaiea naay
iiciaiea ia?oia?a ii iauaieth
i?aaiecaoeey niaianoiie aeayoaeueiinoe
onoaiiaeaiea yiioeeiiaeueiuo ioiioaiee
No?oeoo?a iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey iau/ii iienuaaaony eae
o??oeiiiiiaioiay. Iia aeeth/aao a naay: noauaeo iaaeee/iinoiiai
aini?eyoey, iauaeo iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey e nai i?ioeann
iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey. A nayce n yoei ana enneaaeiaaiey a iaeanoe
iaaeee/iinoiie ia?oeaioeee iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia aeaa a?oiiu.
Enneaaeiaaiey a iaeanoe iaaeee/iinoiie ia?oeaioeee i?eaioe?othony ia
eco/aiea niaea?aeaoaeueiie (oa?aeoa?enoeee noauaeoa e iauaeoa
aini?eyoey, eo naienoa e o. i.) e i?ioeannoaeueiie (aiaeec iaoaieciia e
yooaeoia aini?eyoey) ninoaaeythueo. A ia?aii neo/aa enneaaeothony
i?eienuaaiey (ao?eaooeee) ae?oa ae?oao ?acee/iuo /a?o, i?e/ei iiaaaeaiey
(eaocaeueiay ao?eaooeey) ia?oia?ia ii iauaieth, ?ieue onoaiiaee i?e
oi?ie?iaaiee ia?aiai aia/aoeaiey e o. i. Ai aoi?ii – iaoaieciu iiciaiey
e ?acee/iua yooaeou, aicieeathuea i?e aini?eyoee ethaeueie ae?oa
ae?oaa. Iai?eia? yooaeou i?aiea, yooaeo iiaeciu e yooaeo ia?ae/iinoe, a
oaeaea yaeaiea noa?aioeiecaoeee.
Niaea?aeaiea iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey.
Ioiineoaeueii noauaeoa e iauaeoa iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey a
o?aaeeoeeiiiuo enneaaeiaaieyo onoaiiaeaii aieaa eee iaiaa iieiia
niaeanea a oii ieaia, eaeea oa?aeoa?enoeee eo aeieaeiu o/eouaaoueny i?e
enneaaeiaaieyo iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey. Aeey noauaeoa aini?eyoey ana
oa?aeoa?enoeee ?acaeaeythony ia aeaa eeanna: oece/aneea e nioeeaeueiua.
A naith i/a?aaeue nioeeaeueiua oa?aeoa?enoeee aeeth/atho a naay aiaoiea
(oi?iaeueiua ?ieaaua oa?aeoa?enoeee e iaaeee/iinoiua ?ieaaua
oa?aeoa?enoeee) e aioo?aiiea (nenoaia aeeniiceoeee ee/iinoe, no?oeoo?a
iioeaia e o. ae.). Niioaaonoaaiii oaeea aea oa?aeoa?enoeee oeene?othony
e o iauaeoa iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey.
Niaea?aeaiea iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey caaeneo io oa?aeoa?enoee eae
noauaeoa, oae e iauaeoa aini?eyoey iioiio, /oi iie aeeth/aiu a
ii?aaeaeaiiia acaeiiaeaenoaea, eiathuaa aeaa noi?iiu: ioeaieaaiea ae?oa
ae?oaa e eciaiaiea eaeeo-oi oa?aeoa?enoee ae?oa ae?oaa aeaaiaea?y naiiio
oaeoo naiaai i?enoonoaey. Eioa?i?aoaoeey iiaaaeaiey ae?oaiai /aeiaaea
iiaeao iniiauaaoueny ia ciaiee i?e/ei yoiai iiaaaeaiey. Ii a iauaeaiiie
aeecie ethaee ia anaaaea ciatho aeaenoaeoaeueiua i?e/eiu iiaaaeaiey
ae?oaiai /aeiaaea. Oiaaea, a oneiaeyo aeaoeoeeoa eioi?iaoeee, iie
ia/eiatho i?eienuaaoue ae?oa ae?oao eae i?e/eiu iiaaaeaiey, oae e
eaeea-oi iauei oa?aeoa?enoeee. I?aaeiieiaeaiea i oii, /oi niaoeeoeea
aini?eyoey /aeiaaea /aeiaaeii caeeth/aaony ai aeeth/aiee iiiaioa
i?e/eiiie eioa?i?aoaoeee iiaaaeaiey ae?oaiai /aeiaaea, i?eaaei e
iino?iaieth oeaeiai ?yaea noai, i?aoaiaeothueo ia ?ane?uoea iaoaiecia
oaeie eioa?i?aoaoeee. Niaieoiiinoue oai?aoe/aneeo iino?iaiee e
yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee, iinayu?iiui yoei aii?inai, iieo/eea
iacaaiea iaeanoe eaocaeueiie ao?eaooeee.
Eaocaeueiay ao?eaooeey.
Enneaaeiaaiey eaocaeueiie ao?eaooeee a oe?ieii niunea neiaa
?anniao?eaathony eae eco/aiea iiiuoie “?yaeiaiai /aeiaaea”, “/aeiaaea n
oeeoeu” iiiyoue i?e/eio e neaaenoaea oao niauoee, naeaeaoaeai eioi?uo ii
yaeyaony.
Eiuie neiaaie, aeoeaio aeaeaaony ia oae iacuaaaiie “iaeaiie ineoieiaee”,
ia a? eioa?i?aoaoeeyo “naiaai” e “/oaeiai” iiaaaeaiey, /oi e aunooiaao
ninoaaiie /anoueth iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey. ?iaeiia/aeueieeii
enneaaeiaaiee ii eaocaeueiie ao?eaooeee yaeyaony
O. Oaeaea?, aia?aua noi?ioee?iaaaoee e naio eaeath eaocaeueiie
ao?eaooeee e aeaaoee nenoaiaoe/aneia iienaiea ?acee/iuo noai, eioi?uie
iieuecoaony /aeiaae i?e iino?iaiee i?e/eiiiai iauyniaiey iiaaaeaiey
ae?oaiai /aeiaaea. Ec ae?oaeo aaoi?ia, ?aaioathueo a yoie iaeanoe,
iaeaieaa cia/eoaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey i?iaiaeeee Y. Aeaeiin e E. Aeyaen,
a oaeaea A. Eaeee. Ii ia?a ?acaeoey eaeae eaocaeueiie ao?eaooeee
eciaiyeinue ia?aiia/aeueiia niaea?aeaiea eiioeaioeee. Anee ?aiaa ?a/ue
oea eeoue i niiniaao i?eienuaaiey i?e/ei iiaaaeaiey, oi oaia?ue
enneaaeotho niiniau i?eienuaaiey aieaa oe?ieiai eeanna oa?aeoa?enoee:
eioaioeee, /oanoa, ea/anoa ee/iinoe. Aeaenoaeoaeueii, iu /anoi i?eoiaeei
e auaiaeo, /oi iaia?aiey e aeeniiceoeee ae?oaeo ethaeae niioaaonoaotho
eo iinooieai. Anee iu aeaeei /oi iauaeo A ioioneaao na?eanoe/aneea
caia/aiey, ecaeaaaaony iaae iauaeoii A, oi nei?aa anaai iu iiaeoiaai,
/oi A – iaae?oaeaethaiue /aeiaae. “ Oai?ey niioaaonoaothueo
i?aaeiieiaeaiee “ Aeaeioina e Aeaaena ooi/iyao oneiaey, i?e eioi?uo
oaeea ao?eaooeee iaeaieaa aa?iyoiu. Iaeiaei iniiaiie oacen inoa?ony
iaeciaiiui: ethaee, iiciaaay ae?oa ae?oaa, no?aiyony e iiciaieth i?e/ei
iiaaaeaiey e aiiaua i?e/eiiuo caaeneiinoae, ie?oaeathuaai eo ie?a. I?e
yoii iie, anoanoaaiii, iie?athony ia oo eioi?iaoeeth, eioi?oth iiaoo
iieo/eoue ia yoeo yaeaieyo. Iaeiaei, iineieueeo nieioue e ?yaeii yoie
eioi?iaoeee ieacuaaaony iaaeinoaoi/ii, a iio?aaiinoue naeaeaoue
i?e/eiiue auaiae inoa?ony, /aeiaae a oaeie neooaoeee ia/eiaao ia
noieueei eneaoue enoeiiua i?e/eiu, neieueei i?eienuaaao eo
eioa?anothuaio aai nioeeaeueiiio iauaeoo.
Oaeei ia?acii, niaea?aeaieai i?ioeanna iiciaiey ae?oaiai /aeiaaea
noaiiaeony i?ioeann yoiai i?eienuaaiey, o. a. eaocaeueiay ao?eaooeey.
Naaiaeiy n?aaee enneaaeiaaoaeae iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey nouanoaoao
iiaiea, /oi ioe?uoea yaeaiey eaocaeueiie ao?eaooeee icia/aao aaaeiaeoee
oaa ii iooe ?acaeoey ciaiee i i?ioeannao iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey.
Eiaaea iiaaaeaiea iauaeoa aini?eyoey aeaiiino?e?oao iaei “?aciiia”,
noauaeo aini?eyoey auioaeaeai a aieueoae noaiaie aiaeee?iaaoue e
eioaioeeyi e aeeniiceoeeyi aini?eieiaaiiai, a yoi e ii?iaeaeaao i?inoi?
aeey ?acee/iuo oi?i i?eienuaaiey. N?aco neaaeoao iaiai?eoueny, /oi
aeaeueiaeoea enneaaeiaaiey iieacaee, /oi ia?a niioaaonoaey auaiaea e
iaaethaeaaiiai ioiineoaeueii /ueaai-oi iiaaaeaiey caaeneo ia oieueei io
aeaoo iacaaiiuo oa?aeoa?enoee, ii e io ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia, a /anoiinoe io
?acee/iiai aeaea ao?eaooeee: “ee/iie” eee “aacee/iie”. A ia?aii neo/aa
eiaaony a aeaeo i?aiaeaaeathuaa no?aieaiea i?eienaoue i?e/eiu eaeeo-eeai
niauoee aeaenoaeyi ii?aaeae?iiuo ee/iinoae, a oi a?aiy eae ai aoi?ii
neo/aa i?e/eiu i?eienuaathony i?aeiouanoaaiii aeaenoaeyi ianoiyoaeuenoa.
Aieaa iieiia ?acaeoea yoa eaeay iieo/eea a ?aaioao Aa?ieueaea Eaeee,
eioi?ue i?aaei?eiye iiiuoeo iino?iaiey oai?ee eaocaeueiie ao?eaooeee.
Iniiaiay caaea/a Eaeee ninoiyea a oii, /oiau iieacaoue, eae
inouanoaeyaony /aeiaaeii iiene i?e/ei aeey iauyniaiey iiaaaeaiey
ae?oaiai /aeiaaea. Niaeanii Eaeee i?e iiiuoeao iiiyoue i?e/eio
iiaaaeaiey ae?oaiai /aeiaaea iu iieuecoainy o?aiy e?eoa?eyie : iu
noa?aainy ii?aaeaeeoue, yaeyaony ee aeaiiia iiaaaeaiea iinoiyiiui
(e?eoa?ee iinoiyinoaa), ioee/athueiny ( e?eoa?ee eneeth/eoaeueiinoe) e
iau/iui ( e?eoa?ee eiinainona ) eee iao. Anee a noiaeiuo oneiaeyo
iiaaaeaiea iaaethaeaaiiai iaeiioeiii, oi aai n/eoatho iinoiyiiui. Iii
aoaeao ioee/athueiny, anee a ae?oaeo neo/ayo i?iyaeyaony eia/a, e
iaeiiaoe, iiaaaeaiea n/eoaaony iau/iui, anee a noiaeiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao
naienoaaiii aieueoeinoao ethaeae. Anee a iioiaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoaao
/aeiaae aaaeao naay anaaaea iaeeiaeiai ( iinoiyiiia iiaaaeaiea ), anee
ii aaaeao naay oae aea e a ae?oaeo neooaoeeyo ( ia ioee/athuaany
iiaaaeaiea ) e anee a noiaeiuo neooaoeeyo oae aea aaaeoo naay eeoue
iaiiiaea ethaee ( iaiau/iia iiaaaeaiea ), oi iu neeiiiu i?eienuaaoue
iiaaaeaiea aioo?aiiei oaeoi?ai. Iai?ioea, anee /aeiaae a iioiaeeo
neooaoeeyo aaaeao naay oae aea ( iinoiyiiia iiaaaeaiea ) , anee a
ae?oaeo neo/ayo ii aaaeao naay eia/a ( ioee/athuaany iiaaaeaiea ) e anee
a noiaeiuo neooaoeeyo oaeia aea iiaaaeaiea noiaeii aieueoeinoao ethaeae
( iau/iia iiaaaeaiea ). Iu iauyniyai aai aeaenoaea aiaoieie i?e/eiaie. A
iauai aeaea ioaao cao/eo oae: anyeiio /aeiaaeo i?enoue iaeioi?ua
ai?ei?iua eaocaeueiua i?aaenoaaeaiey e eaocaeueiua iaeeaeaiey. Eiuie
neiaaie, eaaeaeue /aeiaae iaeaaeaao nenoaiie noai i?e/eiiinoe, e anyeee
?ac iiene i?e/ei, iauyniythueo “/oaeia” iiaaaeaiea, oae eee eia/a
aienuaaaony a iaeio ec oaeeo nouanoaothueo noai. ?aia?ooa? eaocaeueiuo
noai, eioi?uie aeaaeaao eaaeaeay ee/iinoue, aeiaieueii iaoe?ai. Aii?in
caeeth/aaony a oii, eioi?ay ec eaocaeueiuo noai aeeth/aaony a eaaeaeii
eiie?aoiii neo/aa. “Eaocaeueiay noaia” – yoi naiaia?aciay iauay
eiioeaioeey aeaiiiai /aeiaaea i aiciiaeiuo acaeiiaeaenoaeyo ?acee/iuo
i?e/ei, i oii, eaeea aeaenoaey a i?eioeeia yoe i?e/eiu i?iecaiaeyo. Aeey
oii?yaei/eaaiey anao aiciiaeiuo eaocaeueiuo noai Eaeee auaeaeyao a naieo
iino?iaieyo aeaa /anoe: “iiaeaeue aiaeeca aa?eaoeee” e “noaiu
i?e/eiiinoe”.
Iiaeaeue aiaeeca aa?eaoeee iienuaaao no?oeoo?o eaaeaeiai aeoa
eaocaeueiie ao?eaooeee. Yeaiaioaie yoie no?oeoo?u yaeythony oa aea naiua
yeaiaiou, eioi?ua iau/ii iienuaathony eae yeaiaiou i?ioeanna
iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey: noauaeo, iauaeo e neooaoeey. Niioaaonoaaiii
yoiio i?eienuaaiea i?e/ei iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny ii o??i eeieyi: i?e/eiu
iiaoo auoue “aae?aniaaiu” noauaeoo, iauaeoo e neooaoeee. Aeey oaeianoaa
ecia?aaeaiey yoeo o?ao iai?aaeaiee ao?eaooeaiiai i?ioeanna, eioi?ua
ninoaaeytho “eaocaeueiia i?ino?ainoai” eiaeeaeaea, Eaeee i?aaeeaaaao
eniieueciaaoue eoa, eaaeaeia ecia?aiea eioi?iai iaicia/aao ii?aaeae?iiia
iai?aaeaiea i?eienuaaaiuo i?e/ei. I?eienuaaiea i?e/ei noauaeoo aeaenoaey
aea?o “ee/iinoioth ao?eaooeeth”, iauaeoo aeaenoaey – “noeioeueioth
ao?eaooeeth”, neooaoeee – “ianoiyoaeueioth ao?eaooeeth”. Aeiaieueii
?ani?ino?ai?iiui aa?eaioii yaeyaony oaeaea niaoaiiue oei
“ee/iinoii-noeioeueiie ao?eaooeee”. Auai? i?aiaeaaeathuaai oeia
ao?eaooeee iaoneiaeai eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie noauaeoa
aini?eyoey. Oi anoue iiaeii aiai?eoue i oeia ee/iinoe ni noeioeueiie ,
ianoiyoaeuenoaaiiie eee ee/iinoiie ao?eaooeeae.
Ioeaee ao?eaooeee.
A yenia?eiaioao auei onoaiiaeaii, /oi ?acee/iua ethaee aeaiiino?e?otho
ii i?aeiouanoao niaa?oaiii ?acee/iua aeaeu ao?eaooeee, o. a. ?acioth
noaiaiue “i?aaeeueiinoe” i?eienuaaaiuo i?e/ei. Aeey oiai /oiau
ii?aaeaeeoue noaiaiue yoie i?aaeeueiinoe, aaiaeyony o?e eaoaai?ee:
iiaeiaey, o. a. niaeaney n iiaieai ae?oaeo ethaeae
?acee/ey, o. a. ioee/ey io iiaiey ae?oaeo ethaeae
niioaaonoaey, o. a. iinoiyinoaa aeaenoaey i?e/eiu ai a?aiaie e
i?ino?ainoaa.
Onoaiiaeaiu oi/iua niioiioaiey, i?e eioi?uo eiie?aoiua eiiaeiaoeee
i?iyaeaiey eaaeaeiai ec o??o e?eoa?eaa aeieaeiu aeaaaoue ee/iinoioth,
noeioeueioth eee ianoiyoaeuenoaaiioth ao?eaooeeth. A iaeiii ec
yenia?eiaioia aue i?aaeeiaeai iniaue “eeth/”, n eioi?ui neaaeoao
eaaeaeue ?ac niiinoaaeyoue ioaaou eniuooaiuo: anee ioaao niaiaaeaao n
oai iioeioiii, eioi?ue aeai a “eeth/a”, oi i?e/eia i?eienaia i?aaeeueii;
anee iaaethaeaaony ?anoiaeaeaiea, iiaeii onoaiiaeoue, eaeiai ?iaea
“naeaeae” oa?aeoa?iu aeey eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea a auai?a i?aeiouanoaaiii
i?eienuaaaiuo ei i?e/ei. Niiinoaaeaiey ioaaoia eniuooaiuo n
i?aaeeiaeaiiuie yoaeiiaie iiiiaee ia yenia?eiaioaeueiii o?iaia
caoeene?iaaoue oo enoeio, /oi ethaee aeaeaei ia anaaaea i?eienuaatho
i?e/eio “i?aaeeueii”, aeaaea n oi/ee c?aiey aanueia iaeaa/?iiuo
e?eoa?eaa: iiiaea neeiiiu ceioiio?aaeyoue eeai ee/iinoiie e noeioeueiie,
eeai ianoiyoaeuenoaaiiie ao?eaooeeae. Oae, a /anoiinoe, auei
onoaiiaeaii ?acee/ea a iiceoeeyo iaaethaeaoaey e o/anoieea niauoee. A
yenia?eiaioa Y Aeaeiiniia e ?. Ienaaoa auei iieacaii, /oi o/anoiee
niauoee, eae i?aaeei i?eienuaaao i?e/eio ianoiyoaeuenoaai, a oi a?aiy
eae iaaethaeaoaeue – ee/iinoe aeayoaey.
E?iia ioeaie, aicieeathueo ec-ca ?acee/iie iiceoeee noauaeoa aini?eyoey,
auyaeai aua oeaeue ?yae aeinoaoi/ii oeie/iuo ioeaie ao?eaooeee. Eaeee
noiie?iaae eo neaaeothuei ia?acii : 1-e eeann – iioeaaoeeiiiua ioeaee,
aeeth/athuee a naay ?acee/iiai ?iaea “caueou”: i?eno?anoey, aneiiao?ey
iiceoeaiuo e iaaaoeaiuo ?acoeueoaoia ( oniao – naaa, iaoniao –
ianoiyoaeuenoaai ); 2-e eeann – ooiaeaiaioaeueiua ioeaee ( naienoaaiiua
anai ethaeyi ), aeeth/athuea a naay neo/ae ia?aioeaiee ee/iinoiuo
oaeoi?ia e iaaeiioeaiee neooaoeeiiiuo. Aieaa eiie?aoii ooiaeaiaioaeueiua
ioeaee i?iyaeythony a ioeaeao “eiaeiiai niaeaney”, eiaaea “ii?iaeueiie”
eioa?i?aoaoeeae n/eoaaony oaeay, eioi?ay niaiaaeaao n “iiei” iiaieai e
iiae iaai iiaeaiiyaony); ioeaeao, naycaiiuo n ia?aaiuie aiciiaeiinoyie
?ieaaiai iiaaaeaiey ( eiaaea a ii?aaeaeaiiuo ?ieyo ai?acaei “eaa/a”
i?iyaeoue nianoaaiiua iiceoeaiua ea/anoaa, e eioa?i?aoaoeey
inouanoaeyaony i?e iiiiue aiaeeyoeee e iei ); ioeaeao, aicieeathueo
ec-ca aieueoiai aeiaa?ey eiie?aoiui oaeoai, /ai e iauei noaeaeaieyi e o.
ae.
I?eioeeiu ii?aaeaeaiey i?e/eiiinoe.
Aeey oiai, /oiau iainiiaaoue auaeaeaiea eiaiii oaeiai ?iaea ioeaie,
iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeece?iaaoue noaiu i?e/eiiinoe, eioi?uie iaeaaeaao
/aeiaae. I?aaeiieaaay iienaiea noai, Eaeee i?aaeiieaaaao aeaa aii?ina :
ianeieueei oi/ii /aeiaae oiaao i?eienaoue i?e/eio eee ee/iinoe
aini?eieiaaiiai , eee iauaeoo, ia eioi?ue iai?aaeaiu aeaenoaey yoie
ee/iinoe, eee ianoiyoaeuenoaai e eaeea a i?eioeeia i?e/eiu caneoaeeaatho
oiai, /oiau auoue ?anniio?aiiuie a aeaiiii eiioaenoa. Aeey ioaaoa ia
iineaaeiee aii?in Eaeee auaeaeaaao /aou?a i?eioeeia: eiaa?eaoeee,
iaanoeaieaaiey, oneeaiey e nenoaiaoe/aneiai eneaaeaiey.
Ia?aue ec i?eioeeiia aeaenoaoao, eiaaea a iaee/ee iaeia i?e/eia, o?e
inoaeueiuo – eiaaea i?e/ei iiiai. Nouiinoue i?eioeeia eiaa?eaoeee
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi yooaeo i?eienuaaaony oie i?e/eia, eioi?ay
niaiaaeaao n iei ai a?aiaie, ( anoanoaaiii, /oi a iiiaiia?acee
i?e/eiii-neaaenoaaiiuo naycae iaaeaeo yaeaieyie i?e/eiie aiana ia
iaycaoaeueii yaeyaony oa, /oi niaiaaeaao ni neaaenoaeai ai a?aiaie ).
Anee i?e/eia ia iaeia, oi /aeiaae i?e eioa?i?aoaoeee ?oeiaiaenoaoaony
eee i?eioeeiii oneeaiey ( eiaaea i?ei?eoao ioaeaaony i?e/eia,
ano?a/athuae i?aiyonoaea: iia oneeeaaaony a niciaiee aini?eieiathuaai
naiei oaeoii iaee/ey oaeiai i?aiyonoaey, eee i?eioeeiii iaanoeaieaaiey
( eiaaea i?e iaee/ee aeueoa?iaoea iaeia ec i?e/ei ioa?anuaaaony ec-ca
oiai, /oi anoue eiieo?e?othuea i?e/eiu), eee i?eioeeiii nenoaiaoe/aneiai
eneaaeaiey (eiaaea a niaoeeaeueiii neo/aa noaeaeaiee i ethaeyo
iaaeiioeaieaathony oaeoi?u neooaoeee e, iai?ioea, ia?aioeaieaathony
oaeoi?u ee/iinoiuo oa?aeoa?enoee ). Eaeie ec i?eioeeiia aoaeao aeeth/ai
a iino?iaiea auaiaea i iiaaaeaiee ae?oaiai /aeiaaea, caaeneo io iiiaeo
ianoiyoaeuenoa, a /anoiinoe io oae iacuaaaiuo “eaocaeueiuo iaeeaeaiee”
ee/iinoe. Yoei oa?ieiii a eiioeaioeee Eaeee iaicia/aia ?aniieiaeaiiinoue
eaaeaeiai iaaethaeaaiiai iinooiea eee niauoey a i?ino?ainoaa aeaoo
aaeoi?ia : ii ine “oeie/aneia – oieeaeueiia” e ii ine “nioeeaeueii
aeaeaoaeueiia – nioeeaeueii iaaeaeaoaeueiia”. I?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi
eaocaeueiua iaeeaeaiey /aeiaaea no?iyony ia oii, /oi “ii?iaeueiui”
iiaaaeaieai yaeyaony iiaaaeaiea oeie/iia e nioeeaeueii aeaeaoaeueiia.
Eiaaea aeaiiino?e?oaony eiaiii oaeie ia?acaoe iiaaaeaiey, iao
iaiaoiaeeiinoe aeey niaoeeaeueiiai iienea aai i?e/ei. A neo/ayo
ioeeiiaiey aeeth/aaony iaoaieci eaocaeueiie ao?eaooeee.
Ioaeaeueii ioaeii ?anniio?aoue neo/ae “ao?eaooeee ioaaonoaaiiinoe” – oa
iniaay neooaoeey i?eienuaaiey, eiaaea iiaaaeaieth ee/iinoe i?eienuaaaony
ia i?inoi i?e/eia, ii ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca oi eee eiia aeaenoaea eee
iinooiie. Yoio aeae ao?eaooeee aicieeaao anyeee ?ac, eiaaea ethaee
aa?oony ca ii?aeueioth ioeaieo aeaenoaee ae?oa ae?oaa. Iniaie i?iaeaiu
ia aicieeaao, eiaaea ecaanoii, /oi /aeiaae niaa?oee i?aaeiaia?aiiue
iinooiie. Anee aea iinooiie aue niaa?oai ia i?aaeiaia?aiii, oi aii?in
ia ioaaonoaaiiinoe i?aa?auaaony a oeaeoth i?iaeaio. Yoi i?ienoiaeeo
iioiio, /oi i?e aai ?aoaiee noauaeo aini?eyoey no?ieo auaiae ia
ioaaonoaaiiinoe ia iniiaaiee i?eienuaaiey eae ee/iinoiuo oa?aeoa?enoee,
oae e ?iee ianoiyoaeuenoa. Eaeay i nouanoaiaaiee aeaoo aeaeia ao?eaooeee
– ee/iie e aacee/iie – i?eia?aoaao caeanue iniaia cia/aiea.
Ia yenia?eiaioaeueiii o?iaia aii?in i i?eienuaaiee ioaaonoaaiiinoe
noaaeony o?aaeeoeeiiii eae aii?in i nayce, nouanoaothuae iaaeaeo ia?ie
i?eienuaaaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe e aeaeii ao?eaooeee. Iaeia ec aeiioac,
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiiuo a yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaieyo, caeeth/aeanue a
oii, /oi aianoa n oaaee/aieai oyaeanoe iineaaenoaee eaeiai- eeai
iinooiea oneeeaaaony oaiaeaioeey i?eienuaaoue i?e/eiu a aieueoae noaiaie
ee/iinoe, niaa?oeaoae yoio iinooiie, /ai ianoiyoaeuenoaai.
Ia iniiaa iiiai/eneaiiuo yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee ao?eaooeaiuo
i?ioeannia aue naeaeai auaiae i oii, /oi iie ninoaaeytho iniiaiia
niaea?aeaiea iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey.
?ieue onoaiiaee i?e aini?eyoee /aeiaaea /aeiaaeii.
I aaaeiie ?iee onoaiiaie eae oaeoi?ia, ii?aaeaeythueo iaaeee/iinoiia
aini?eyoea e i?eoyaeaiea aiai?ee A. Ae?i. Ii aeeooa?aioee?oao onoaiiaee
ia aaaeiua e aoi?inoaiaiiua, /oi iicaieyao ii?aaeaeeoue ea?a?oeth
ee/iinoiuo ea/anoa a aieueoae eee iaiueoae ia?a ii?aaeaeythueo
iaaeee/iinoiia i?eoyaeaiea. Eniieuecoy i?ioeaaeo?o “iiaenoaaiiai”
aeeyiey ee/iinoiuo oa?aeoa?enoee (i?aaenoaaeaiiuie aii?inieeaie,
caiieiaiiuie yenia?eiaioaoi?ii ii?aaeaeaiiui ia?acii), ii iaia?oaeee,
/oi noiaenoai a onoaiiaeao oneeeaaao /oanoai neiiaoee e iieiui
iaciaeiioeai. I?e/ai neiiaoey i?iyaeyaony a aieueoae ia?a oiaaea, eiaaea
noiaenoai iaia?oaeeaaaony ii aaaeiui ea/anoaai, a ?acee/ea – ii
aoi?inoaiaiiui. Oaeei ia?acii eaaeaeue /aeiaae ia oieueei ioeaieaaao
naie ea/anoaa e ea/anoaa ae?oaeo ethaeae eae iieiaeeoaeueiue e
io?eoeaoaeueiua, ii e eae aaaeiua, cia/eiua e aoi?inoaiaiiua.
Aieueoia cia/aiea i?e aini?eyoee ethaeueie ae?oa ae?oaa eiatho ia
oieueei noiaeiua iaaeaeo niaie onoaiiaee eaaeaeiai ec o/anoieeia, ii e
iaee/ea onoaiiaee o noauaeoa aini?eyoey ioiineoaeueii aini?eieiaaiiai.
Iniaaiii aieueoie aan iie eiatho i?e oi?ie?iaaiee ia?aiai aia/aoeaiey i
iaciaeiiii /aeiaaea. I. ?ioaa?o e I. Ae??aee i?ineee ioeaieoue
au?aaeaiea eeoea /aeiaaea, ecia?aaeaiiiai ia oioia?aoee, i?e/ai iaeiie
iieiaeia ethaeae i?aaeaa?eoaeueii auei neacaii, /oi ii eeaea? aanoaii,
aeiiaiue a aa?aa?neeo iaaeeoeeineeo yenia?eiaioao ia caeeth/aiiuo
eiioeaio?aoeeiiiiai eaaa?y, a ae?oaie – /oi yoi eeaea? iiaeiieueiiai
aioeiaoeenoneiai aeaeaeaiey, /uea ioaeanoai nianei aeecie ouny/ai
ethaeae. Oa, eoi i?eiaaeeaaeae e ia?aie iieiaeia ii?aoeaaaiuo,
eiooeoeaii ioeaieee aai eae aeanoieiai /aeiaaea e iaoea
iiaeoaa?aeaeathuea yoi iiaiey /a?ou eeoea. Ae?oaea – neacaee /oi aeaeyo
ia oioia?aoee /aeiaaea aeia?iai e na?aea/iiai. Noiaeiua yenia?eiaiou
i?iaiaeee e ioa/anoaaiiue ineoieia A. A .Aiaeaeaa. Ii iieacuaae
oioia?aoeth iaeiiai e oiai aea /aeiaaea aeaoi a?oiiai nooaeaioia. Ii
i?aaeaa?eoaeueii ia?aie a?oiia auei niiauaii, /oi /aeiaae ia
i?aaeuyaeaiiie oioia?aoee yaeyaony caei?aiaeui i?anooiieeii, a aoi?ie
a?oiia- /oi ii e?oiiue o/aiue. Eaaeaeie a?oiia auei i?aaeeiaeaii
ninoaaeoue neiaaniue ii?o?ao noioia?aoe?iaaiiiai /aeiaaea. A ia?aii
neo/aa auee iieo/aiu niioaaonoaothuea oa?aeoa?enoeee : aeoaiei
iinaaeaiiua aeaca naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaee i caoaaiiie ceiaa,. Auaeathueeny
iiaeai?iaeie – i ?aoeiinoe eaeoe aei eiioea a i?anooieaiee e o. ae.
Niioaaonoaaiii ai aoi?ie a?oiia oa aea aeoaiei iinaaeaiiua aeaca
aiai?eee i aeoaeia iunee, a iiaeai?iaeie – i neea aiee a i?aiaeieaiee
o?oaeiinoae ia iooe iiciaiey.
Iaeia ec o?oaeiinoae, naycaiiuo n onoaiiaeaie a iaaeee/iinoiii
aini?eyoee naycaia n oai, /oi iiiaea ec iaoeo onoaiiaie iaoneiaeaiu
i?aaeoaaaeaeaieyie ioiineoaeueii oao eee eiuo yaeaiee eee ethaeae,
?aoeeiiaeueii ianoaeaeaoue eioi?ua neeoeii o?oaeii.
Iaaei neacaoue i?aaeoaaaeaeaiey ioee/athony io noa?aioeiia, ?a/ue i
eioi?uo iieaeao ieaea. Anee noa?aioei i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaiauaiea,
eioi?iai i?eaea?aeeaathony /eaiu iaeiie a?oiiu ioiineoaeueii ae?oaie, oi
i?aaeoaaaeaeaiea i?aaeiieaaaao aua e noaeaeaiea a oa?ieiao “ieioie” eee
“oi?ioee”, eioi?ia iu auiinei i ethaeyo, aeaaea ia ciay ie eo naieo, ie
iioeaia eo iinooieia.
Oi?ie?iaaiea i?aaeoaaaeaeaiee naycaia n iio?aaiinoueth /aeiaaea
ii?aaeaeeoue naia iieiaeaiea ii ioiioaieth e ae?oaei ethaeyi ( iniaaiii
a ieaia i?aainoiaenoaa ). Neaaeoao caiaoeoue, /oi ec anae eioi?iaoeee ia
eioa?anothuae ian a?oiia ethaeae iu neeiiiu i?eieiaoue e naaaeaieth
eeoue oo, eioi?ay niaeanoaony n iaoeie iaeeaeaieyie. Aeaaiaea?y yoiio iu
iiaeai oe?aieyoueny a naieo caaeoaeaeaieyo ia iniiaaiee eeoue
ioaeaeueiuo yieciaeia. Iai?eia?, anee ia 10 aiaeeoaeae, aeiioneathueo
iaa?aaeiia oi?aaeaiea aaoiiiaeeai, i?eoiaeeoueny oioy au iaeia aeaiueia,
oi yoi aaoiiaoe/anee “iiaeoaa?aeaeaao” i?aaeoaaaeaeaiea, /oi aeaiueiu ia
oiatho aiaeeoue.
Oi?ie?iaaiea ia?aiai aia/aoeaiey i ae?oaii /aeiaaea.
Aaaeiie noa?ie enneaaeiaaiey iaaeee/iinoiie ia?oeaioeee yaeyaony
eco/aiea i?ioeanna oi?ie?iaaiey ia?aiai aia/aoeaiey i ae?oaii /aeiaaea.
Iienaiu o?e iaeaieaa oeie/iua noaiu, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?uie i?ioaeaao
yoio i?ioeann. Eaaeaeay “noaia” caioneaaony ii?aaeaeaiiui oaeoi?ii,
i?enoonoaothuei a neooaoeee ciaeiinoaa. Auaeaeytho oaeoi?u
i?aainoiaenoaa, i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe ia?oia?a e ioiioaiey e
iaaethaeaoaeth.
Oaeoi? i?aainoiaenoaa – caioneaao noaio nioeeaeueiiai aini?eyoey a
neooaoeee ia?aaainoaa ia?oia?ia (oi/iaa, eiaaea iaaethaeaoaeue iuouaao
i?aainoiaenoai ia?oia?a ii eaeiio-oi aaaeiiio aeey iaai ia?aiao?o – oio,
?inoo, iaoa?eaeueiiio iieiaeaieth e o. i.). Nooue i?ienoiaeyuaai
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi /aeiaae, eioi?ue i?aainoiaeeo iaaethaeaoaey ii
eaeiio-eeai aaaeiiio ia?aiao?o, ioeaieaaaony ei ai?acaei auoa e ii
inoaeueiui cia/eiui ia?aiao?ai. Eia/a aiai?y, i?ienoiaeeo aai iauay
ee/iinoiay ia?aioeaiea. I?e yoii, /ai iaoaa?aiiaa /oanoaoao naay
iaaethaeaoaeue a aeaiiue iiiaio, a aeaiiie eiie?aoiie neooaoeee, oai
iaiueoa oneeee ioaeii aeey caionea yoie noaiu. Oae, a yeno?aiaeueiie
neooaoeee ethaee /anoi aioiau aeiaa?youe oai, eiai ia noaee au neooaoue
a niieieiie ianoaiiaea.
Oaeoi? i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe – iaania/eaaao ?aaeecaoeeth noaiu, naycaiiie n
aini?eyoeai ia?oia?a ii iauaieth eae i?eaeaeaoaeueiiai aiaoia, i?e yoii
ioeaea ninoieo a oii, /oi aiaoia i?eaeaeaoaeueiiai /aeiaaea ethaee
oaeaea neeiiiu ia?aioeaieaaoue ii ae?oaei aaaeiui aeey ieo
nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneei ia?aiao?ai. Nouanoaoao oae iacuaaaiue
noa?aioei i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe : /oi e?aneai – oi oi?ioi. Aeaoe onaaeaatho
yoio noa?aioei i/aiue ?aii . Cieooea e Aaeiniaaeea e?aneaua – e oi?ioea.
Naiaeiua nano?u e eieaeoiuey aacia?aciua – e ieioea.
Oaeoi? ioiioaiey e iaaethaeaoaeth – ?aaoee?oao aeeth/aiea noaiu
aini?eyoey ia?oia?a, a iniiaa eioi?ie eaaeeo oa?aeoa? ioiioaiey e
iaaethaeaoaeth. Ioeaea aini?eyoey a yoii neo/aa ninoieo a oii, /oi
ethaeae, eioi?ua oi?ioi e iai ioiinyony eee ?acaeaeytho eaeea-oi aaaeiua
aeey ian eaeae, iu neeiiiu iiceoeaii ioeaieaaoue e ii ae?oaei
iieacaoaeyi.
Aanue niune acaeiiaeaenoaey noauaeoa e iauaeoa iaaeee/iinoiiai
aini?eyoey ninoieo a oii, /oi aini?eieiathuee no?ieo nenoaio auaiaeia e
caeeth/aiee ioiineoaeueii aini?eieiaaiiai ia iniiaa naiaia?aciiai
“i?i/oaiey” aai aiaoieo aeaiiuo. “Ea/anoai” oaeiai i?i/oaiey
iaoneiaeaii eae niiniaiinoyie /eoathuaai, oae e yniinoueth oaenoa.
Eiaiii iiyoiio aeey ?acoeueoaoa iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey cia/eiuie
yaeythony oa?aeoa?enoeee e noauaeoa, e iauaeoa. Iaeiaei anee
i?iaeieaeaoue eeieth i?aaeeiaeaiiuo ia?acia, oi iiaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue,
/oi ea/anoai /oaiey iaoneiaeaii e oaeei aaaeiui oaeoi?ii, eae oneiaey, a
eioi?uo inouanoaeyaony i?ioeann, a /anoiinoe inaau?iiinoue oaenoa,
iaee/ea eee ionoonoaea iiiao i?e /oaiee e o. ae. Ia?aaiaey iiiyoea
“oneiaey /oaiey” ia ycue yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee
iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey, iaiaoiaeeii aeeth/eoue a aiaeec e oaeie
eiiiiiaio, eae neooaoeey iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey.
Ineoieiae/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea “acaeiiaeaenoaey” noauaeoa e iauaeoa
iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey caeeth/aaony a iino?iaiee ia?aca ae?oaiai
/aeiaaea. I?e yoii aicieeatho aeaa aii?ina: eaeei niiniaii oi?ie?oaony
yoio ia?ac e eaeia yoio ia?ac, o. a. eaeiai i?aaenoaaeaiea noauaeoa ia
iauaeoa. Eiaiii aeey ioaaoa ia yoe aii?inu iaiaoiaeeii aeeth/aiea a
enneaaeiaaiea iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey iienaiey ia oieueei noauaeoa e
iauaeoa, ii e anaai i?ioeanna.
Iaoaieciu e “yooaeou”
iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey.
Eco/aiea ia?oeaioeee iieacuaaao, /oi iiaeii auaeaeeoue ?yae
oieaa?naeueiuo ineoieiae/aneeo iaoaieciia, iaania/eaathueo nai i?ioeann
aini?eyoey ae?oaiai /aeiaaea e iicaieythueo inouanoaeyoue ia?aoiae io
aiaoia aini?eieiaaiiai e ioeaiea, ioiioaieth e i?iaiico.
E iaoaieciai iaaeee/iinoiie ia?oeaioeee ioiinyo iaoaieciu:
iiciaiey e iiieiaiey ethaeueie ae?oa ae?oaa ( eaeaioeoeeaoeey,
yiiaoey)
iiciaiey naiiai naay ( ?aoeaeney )
oi?ie?iaaiey yiioeeiiaeueiiai ioiioaiey e /aeiaaeo (aoo?aeoeey)
Eaeaioeoeeaoeey, yiiaoey e ?aoeaeney a i?ioeanna iaaeee/iinoiiai
aini?eyoey.
A i?ioeanna iauaiey /aeiaae iiciaao naay /a?ac iiieiaiea ae?oaiai
/aeiaaea, iniciaaay ioeaieo naay yoei ae?oaei e niiinoaaeyy naay n iei.
A i?ioeann aeeth/aiu aeaa /aeiaaea, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo yaeyaony
aeoeaiui noauaeoii, e ii nouanoao inouanoaeyaony iaeiia?aiaiii eae au
“aeaieiie” i?ioeann – acaeiiiai aini?eyoey e iiciaiey (iiyoiio naii
i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea noauaeoa e iauaeoa caeanue ia aiieia ei??aeoii). I?e
iino?iaiee no?aoaaee acaeiiaeaenoaey aeaoo ethaeae, iaoiaeyueony a
oneiaeyo yoiai acaeiiiiciaiey, eaaeaeiio ec ia?oi??ia i?eoiaeeony
i?eieiaoue a ?an/?o ia oieueei naie nianoaaiiua iio?aaiinoe, iioeau,
onoaiiaee ii e iio?aaiinoe, iioeau, onoaiiaee ae?oaiai. An? yoi
i?eaiaeeo e oiio, /oi ia o?iaia eaaeaeiai ioaeaeueiiai aeoa acaeiiiai
iiciaiey aeaoiy ethaeueie ae?oa ae?oaa iiaoo auoue auaeaeaiu oaeea
noi?iiu yoiai i?ioeanna, eae eaeaioeoeeaoeey e ?aoeaeney.
Nouanoaoao aieueoia eiee/anoai enneaaeiaaiee eaaeaeie ec yoeo noi?ii
i?ioeanna iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey. Anoanoaaiii, /oi eaeaioeoeeaoeey
iiieiaaony caeanue ia a oii a? cia/aiee, eae iia ia?aiia/aeueii
eioa?i?aoe?iaaeanue a nenoaia ineoiaiaeeca. A eiioaenoa eco/aiey
iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey eaeaioeoeeaoeey iaicia/aao oio i?inoie
yiie?e/aneee oaeo, onoaiiaeaiiue a ?yaea yenia?eiaioia, /oi i?inoaeoee
niinia iiieiaiey ae?oaiai /aeiaaea anoue oiiaeiaeaiey naay aio. Yoi,
?acoiaaony, ia aaeeinoaaiiue niinia, ii a ?aaeueiii iauaiee iaaeaeo
niaie ethaee /anoi iieuecothony yoei niiniaii: i?aaeeiaeaiea i
aioo?aiiai ninoiyiee ia?oi??a ii iauaieth no?ieony ia iniiaa iiiuoee
iinoaaeoue naay ia aai ianoi.
Onoaiiaeaia oaniay naycue iaaeaeo eaeaioeoeeaoeeae e ae?oaei aeeceei ii
niaea?aeaieth yaeaieai – yiiaoeae.
Yiiaoey oaeaea yaeyaony iniaui niiniaii iiieiaiey ae?oaiai /aeiaaea.
Oieueei caeanue eiaaony a aeaeo ia noieueei ?aoeeiiaeueiia iniuneaiea
i?iaeai ae?oaiai /aeiaaea, neieueei no?aieaiea yiioeeiiaeueii
ioeeeeiooueny ia aai i?iaeaiu. I?e yoii yiioeee, /oanoaa noauaeoa
yiiaoee ia oiaeaeanoaaiiu oai, eioi?ua ia?aaeeaaao /aeiaae, yaeythueeny
iauaeoii yiiaoee. Oi anoue anee y i?iyaeyth yiiaoeth e ae?oaiio
/aeiaaeo, y i?inoi iiieiath aai /oanoaa e eeieth iiaaaeaiey, ii naith
nianoaaiioth iiao no?ieoue nianai ii-eiiio. A yoii ioee/ea yiiaoee io
eaeaioeoeeaoeee, i?e eioi?ie /aeiaae iieiinoueth ioiaeaeanoaeyao naay n
ia?oia?ii ii iauaieth e , niioaaonoaaiii, eniuouaaao oa aea /oanoaa,
/oi e ii, e aaaeao naay iiaeiaii aio.
Aacioiineoaeueii e oiio, eaeie ec yoeo aeaoo aa?eaioia iiieiaiey
enneaaeoaony (a eaaeaeue ec ieo eiaao naith nianoaaiioth o?aaeeoeeth
eco/aiey), o?aaoao naiaai ?aoaiey au? iaeei aii?in: eae aoaeao a
eaaeaeii neo/aa oio, “ae?oaie” aini?eieiaoue iaiy, iiieiaoue eeieth
iiaai iiaaaeaiey. Io yoiai aoaeao caaenaoue iaoa acaeiiaeaenoaea. Eiuie
neiaaie i?ioeann acaeiiaeaenoaea ineiaeiyaony yaeaieai ?aoeaenee. A
nioeeaeueiie ineoieiaee iiae ?aoeaeneae iiieiaaony iniciaiea
aeaenoaothuei eiaeeaeaeii oiai, eae ii aini?eieiaaony ia?oia?ii ii
iauaieth. Yoi oaea ia i?inoi ciaiea e iiieiaiea ae?oaiai, ii e ciaiea
oiai, eae yoio ae?oaie iiieiaao iaiy. Iauay iiaeaeue ia?aciaaiey
?aoeaeneaiie no?oeoo?u iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaia neaaeothuei ia?acii.
Anoue aeaa ia?oia?a A e A. Iaaeaeo ieie onoaiaaeeaaaony eiiioieeaoeey A
A e ia?aoiay eioi?iaoeey i ?aaeoeee A ia A –
A A. E?iia yoiai, o A e A anoue i?aaenoaaeaiea i naieo naaa
A` e A` niioaaonoaaiii, a oaeaea i?aaenoaaeaiea i ae?oaii. O A yoi
i?aaenoaaeaiea i A – A“, a o A i?aaenoaaeaiea ia A – A“.
Acaeiiaeaenoaea a eiiioieeaoeaiii i?ioeanna inouanoaeyaony oae : A
aiai?eo a ea/anoaa A`, ia?auaynue e A“. A ?aaae?oao a ea/anoaa A` ia
A“. Ianeieueei ana yoi ieacuaaaony aeecei e ?aaeueiui A e A iaecaanoii,
oae eae ie A, ie A ia ciatho i nouanoaiaaiee ianiaiaaeathueo n
iauaeoeaiie ?aaeueiinoueth A`, A`, A“ e A“, i?e yoii iaaeaeo A e A“,
a oaeaea iaaeaeo A e A“ iao eaiaeia eiiioieeaoeee. ssaeaiea ?aoeaenee
eiaao ianoi oiaaea, eiaaea A iuoaaony iiiyoue, i?aaenoaaeoue naaa A“,
eee A – A“.
Iino?iaiea iiaeaeae oeia ?anniio?aiiie eiaao aieueoia cia/aiea. A ?yaea
enneaaeiaaiee aeaeathony iiiuoee aiaeeca ?aoeaeneaiuo no?oeoo? a?oiiu,
iauaaeeiaiiie niaianoiie aeayoaeueiinoueth. Oiaaea naia noaia
aicieeathueo ?aoeaenee ioiineony ia oieueei e aeeaaee/aneiio
acaeiiaeaenoaeth, ii e e iauae aeayoaeueiinoe a?oiiu e iiin?aaeiaaiiuo
ath iaaeee/iinoiuo ioiioaiee.
“Yooaeou” iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey.
N?aaee yooaeoia iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey iaeaieaa enneaaeiaaiu o?e :
yooaeo i?aiea ( “aaeiyooaeo”), yooaeo iiaeciu e ia?ae/iinoe a oaeaea
yooaeo, eee yaeaiea, noa?aioeiecaoeee.
Nouiinoue yooaeoa i?aiea caeeth/aaony a oi?ie?iaaiee niaoeeoe/aneie
onoaiiaee ia iaaethaeaaiiai /a?ac iai?aaeaiiia i?eienuaaiea aio
ii?aaeaeaiiuo ea/anoa : eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aaiay i eaeii-oi /aeiaaea,
eaoaai?ece?oaony ii?aaeaeaiiui ia?acii, a eiaiii – iaeeaaeuaaaony ia oio
ia?ac, eioi?ue aue nicaeai ca?aiaa. Yoio ia?ac, ?aiaa nouanoaiaaaoee,
auiieiyao ?ieue “i?aiea”, iaoathuaai aeaeaoue aeaenoaeoaeueiua /a?ou e
i?iyaeaiey iauaeoa aini?eyoey.
Yooaeo i?aiea i?iyaeyaony i?e oi?ie?iaaiee ia?aiai aia/aoeaiey i
/aeiaaea a oii, /oi iauaa aeaaii?eyoiia aia/aoeaiea i?eaiaeeo e
iiceoeaiui ioeaieai e iaecaanoiuo ea/anoa aini?eieiaaiiai e, iaiai?io,
iauaa iaaeaaii?eyoiia aia/aoeaiea niinianoaoao i?aiaeaaeaieth iaaaoeaiuo
ioeaiie. ( eiaaea ?a/ue eaeao i iieiaeeoaeueiie ia?aioeaiea ea/anoa yoio
yooaeo iacuaatho aua “yooaeoii Iieeaiiu”, a eiaaea ?a/ue eaeao ia
io?eoeaoaeueiie ioeaiea – “aeueyaieueneei” yooaeoii ). A
yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaieyo onoaiiaeaii, /oi yooaeo i?aiea
iaeaieaa yaii i?iyaeyaony oiaaea, eiaaea aini?eieiathuee eiaao
ieieiaeueioth eioi?iaoeeth ia iauaeoa aini?eyoey, a oaeaea eiaaea
noaeaeaiey eanathony ii?aeueiuo ea/anoa. Yoa oaiaeaioeey caoaiieoue
ii?aaeaeaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee e aunaaoeeoue ae?oaea e ea?aao ?ieue
naiaia?aciiai i?aiea a aini?eyoee /aeiaaea /aeiaaeii.
Oanii naycaiu n yoei yooaeoii e yooaeou “ia?ae/iinoe” ( eee “ii?yaeea”)
e “iiaeciu”. Iaa iie eanathony cia/eiinoe ii?aaeaeaiiiai ii?yaeea
i?aaeuyaeaiey eioi?iaoeee i /aeiaaea aeey ninoaaeaiey i?aaenoaaeaiey i
iai. A neooaoeeyo, eiaaea aini?eieiaaony iaciaeiiue /aeiaae i?aiaeaaeaao
yooaeo ia?ae/iinoe. Ii ninoieo a oii , /oi i?e i?ioeai?a/eauo iinea
ia?aie ano?a/e aeaiiuo ia yoii /aeiaaea, eioi?iaoeey, eioi?ay auea
iieo/aia ?aiueoa, aini?eieiaaony eae aieaa cia/eiay e ieacuaaao aieueoaa
aeeyiea ia iauaa aia/aoeaiea i /aeiaaea. I?ioeaiiieiaeiue yooaeoo
ia?ae/iinoe – yooaeo iiaeciu, eioi?ue caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
iineaaeiyy, oi anoue aieaa iiaay eioi?iaoeey, ieacuaaaony aieaa
cia/eiie, aeaenoaoao a neooaoeeyo aini?eyoey ciaeiiiai /aeiaaea.
Ecaanoai oaeaea yooaeo i?iaeoeee – eiaaea i?eyoiiio aeey ian
niaanaaeieeo iu neeiiiu i?eienuaaoue naie nianoaaiiua aeinoieinoaa, a
iai?eyoiiio – naie iaaeinoaoee, oi anoue iaeaieaa /aoei auyaeyoue o
ae?oaeo eiaiii oa /a?ou, eioi?ua y?ei i?aaenoaaeaiu o ian. Aua iaeei
yooaeo- yooaeo n?aaeiae ioeaee – yoi oaiaeaioeey niya/aoue ioeaiee
iaeaieaa y?eeo iniaaiiinoae ae?oaiai a noi?iio n?aaeiaai.
A aieaa oe?ieii ieaia ana yoe yooaeou iiaeii ?anniio?aoue eae i?iyaeaiey
iniaiai i?ioeanna, nii?iaiaeaeathuaai aini?eyoea /aeiaaea /aeiaaeii, a
eiaiii i?ioeanna noa?aioeiecaoeee.
ssaeaiea noa?aioeiecaoeee a iaaeee/iinoiii aini?eyoee .
Iaoa aini?eyoea ae?oaeo ethaeae caaeneo io oiai, eae iu eo
“eeanneoeoee?oai”, – iiae?inoee, aeaiueiu, i?aiiaeaaaoaee, iaa?u,
aiiinaenoaeenou, iieeoe/aneea aeayoaee e o. ae. Iiaeiaii oiio, eae
aini?eyoea ioaeaeueiuo i?aaeiaoia eee niauoee ni noiaeiuie iniaaiiinoyie
iicaieyao iai oi?ie?iaaoue iiiyoey, oae e ethaee iau/ii
eeanneoeoee?othony iaie ii eo i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe e oie eee eiie a?oiia,
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiio eeanno eee ii eo oece/aneei oa?aeoa?enoeeai
(iie, aic?ano, oeaao eiaee e o. ae. ). Iaeiaei, yoe aeaa oeia
eaoaai?ecaoeee nouanoaaiii ?acee/athony, iineieueeo a iineaaeiai ?a/ue
eaeao i nioeeaeueiie ?aaeueiinoe e i aaneiia/iii ?aciiia?acee oeiia
ethaeae, ninoaaeythueo iauanoai. Nicaeathueany oaeei ia?acii noa?aioeiu
/anoi ii?iaeaeatho o ian neeoeii oneiaiia e oi?iuaiiia i?aaenoaaeaiea i
ae?oaeo ethaeyo. Aia?aua oa?iei “nioeeaeueiue noa?aioei” aue aaaaeai O.
Eeiiiaiii a 1922 aiaeo, e aeey iaai a yoii oa?ieia niaea?aeaeny
iaaaoeaiue iooaiie, naycaiiue n eiaeiinoueth e iaoi/iinoueth
i?aaenoaaeaiee, eioi?uie iia?e?oao i?iiaaaiaea. A aieaa aea oe?ieii
niunea noa?aioei – yoi iaeioi?ue onoie/eaue ia?ac eaeiai-eeai yaeaiey
eee /aeiaaea, eioi?ui iieuecothony eae ecaanoiui “nie?auaieai” i?e
acaeiiaeaenoaee n yoei yaeaieai. Noa?aioeiu a iauaiee, aicieeathuea a
/anoiinoe i?e , i?e iiciaiee ethaeueie ae?oa ae?oaa, eiatho e
niaoeeoe/aneia i?ienoiaeaeaiea, e niaoeeoe/aneee niune. Eae i?aaeei,
noa?aioei aicieeaao ia iniiaa aeinoaoi/ii ia?aie/aiiiai i?ioeiai iiuoa,
a ?acoeueoaoa no?aieaiey aeaeaoue eaeea-oi auaiaeu a oneiaeyo
ia?aie/aiiie eioi?iaoeee. I/aiue /anoi noa?aioei aicieeaao ioiineoaeueii
a?oiiiaie i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe /aeiaaea, iai?eia?, i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe aai e
eaeie-oi i?ioannee. Oiaaea y?ei au?aaeaiiua /a?ou o ano?a/aiiuo a
i?ioeii i?aaenoaaeoaeae yoie i?ioannee ?ani?ino?aiythony ia anao
i?aaenoaaeoaeae aeaiiie i?ioannee. Caeanue i?iyaeyaony oaiaeaioeey
“ecaeaeaoue niune” ec i?aaeoanoaothuaai iiuoa, no?ieoue caeeth/aiey ii
noiaenoao n yoei i?aaeoanoaothuei iiuoii, ia ace?ay ia aai
ia?aie/aiiinoue.
Noa?aioeiu ?aaeei auaatho ieiaeii iaoaai ee/iiai iiuoa. *aua anaai iu
i?eia?aoaai eo io oie a?oiiu, e eioi?ie i?eiaaeeaaeei, iniaaiii io
ethaeae n oaea neiaeeaoeieny noa?aioeiaie ( ?iaeeoaeae, o/eoaeae), a oae
aea i n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, iau/ii aeathueo iai oi?iuaiiia
i?aaenoaaeaiea i oao a?oiiao ethaeae, i eioi?uo iu ia ?aniieaaaai
aieueoa ieeaeeie naaaeaieyie.
Naii ii naaa yaeaiea noa?aioeiecaoeee ia ieioi e ia oi?ioi.
Noa?aioeiecaoeey a i?ioeanna iiciaiey ethaeueie ae?oa ae?oaa iiaeao
i?eaanoe e aeaoi ?acee/iui neaaenoaeyi. N iaeiie noi?iiu e
ii?aaeaeaiiiio oi?iuaieth i?ioeanna iiciaiey ae?oaiai /aeiaaea. A yoii
neo/aa noa?aioei ia iaycaoaeueii ianao ia naaa ioeaii/ioth iaa?oceo : a
aini?eyoee /aeiaaea ia i?ienoiaeeo “naeaeaa” a noi?iio aai
yiioeeiiaeueiiai i?eiyoey eee iai?eiyoey. Inoaaony i?inoi oi?iuaiiue
iiaeoiae, eioi?ue, oioy e ia niinianoaoao oi/iinoe iino?iaiey ia?aca
ae?oaiai, oai ia iaiaa iaiaoiaeei, oae eae cia/eoaeueii nie?auaao
i?ioeann iiciaiey. Iniaaiii eaaei e yooaeoeaii iieaaaoueny ia noa?aioeiu
i?e aeaoeoeeoa a?aiaie, onoaeinoe, yiioeeiiaeueiii aicaoaeaeaiee,
neeoeii iieiaeii aic?anoa, eiaaea /aeiaae aua ia iao/eeny ?acee/aoue
iiiaiia?acea. Ae?oaeie neiaaie, i?ioeann noa?aioeiecaoeee auiieiyao
iauaeoeaii iaiaoiaeeioth ooieoeeth, iicaieyy auno?i, i?inoi e
aeinoaoi/ii iaaeaaeii oi?iuaoue nioeeaeueiia ie?oaeaiea eiaeeaeaea. Yoio
i?ioeann iiaeii n?aaieoue n ono?ienoaii “a?oaie iano?ieee” a oaeeo
iioe/aneeo i?eai?ao, eae iee?ineii eee oaeaneii, ia?yaeo n eioi?uie
nouanoaoao e ono?ienoai oiieie iano?ieee, aiaeiaii eioi?iai a noa?a
iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey aunooiatho oaeea oiieea e aeaeea iaoaieciu,
eae eaeaioeoeeaoeey, yiiaoey, nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneay ?aoeaeney. Ai
aoi?ii neo/aa noa?aioeiecaoeey aaaeao e aicieeiiaaieth i?aaeoaaaeaeaiee.
Anee noaeaeaiea no?ieoueny ia iniiaa i?ioeiai ia?aie/aiiiai iiuoa, a
iiuo aue iaaaoeaiui, anyeia iiaia aini?eyoea i?aaenoaaeoaey oie aea
a?oiiu ie?aoeaaaony io?eoeaoaeueiui ioiioaieai. Aicieeiiaaiea oaeeo
i?aaeoaaaeaeaiee caoeene?iaaii a iiiai/eneaiiuo yenia?eiaioaeueiuo
enneaaeiaaieyo, ii anoanoaaiii, iie iniaaiii aeeytho ia a oneiaeyo
eaai?aoi?iuo iiuoia, a a ?aaeueiie aeecie, eiaaea iiaoo iaianoe oua?a
iauaieth ethaeae e eo acaeiiioiioaieyi. Iniaaiii ?ani?ino?aiaiu
yoie/aneea noa?aioeiu – ia?acu oeie/iuo i?aaenoaaeoaeae ii?aaeaeaiiie
iaoeee, eioi?ua iaaeaeythony oeene?iaaiiuie /a?oaie aiaoiinoe e
iniaaiiinoyie oa?aeoa?a (iai?eia?, noa?aioeiiua i?aaenoaaeaiey i
/iii?iinoe aiaee/ai, eaaeiiuneaiiinoe o?aioeocia, yenoeaio?e/iinoe
eoaeueyioeaa, oa?aeoa?iua aeey iaoae eoeueoo?u).
Iaaeee/iinoiay aoo?aeoeey.
Iniaue e?oa i?iaeai iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey aicieeaao a nayce n
aeeth/aieai a yoio i?ioeann niaoeeoe/aneeo yiioeeiiaeueiuo ?aaoeyoi?ia.
Ethaee ia i?inoi aini?eieiatho ae?oa ae?oaa, ii e oi?ie?otho ii
ioiioaieth ae?oa e ae?oao ii?aaeaeaiiua ioiioaiey. Ia iniiaa naeaeaiiuo
ioeaiie ?iaeaeaaony ?aciiia?aciay aaiia /oanoa – io iai?eyoey aei
neiiaoee e aeaaea ethaae. Iaeanoue enneaaeiaaiee , naycaiiay n
auyaeaieai iaoaieciia ia?aciaaiey ?acee/iuo yiioeeiiaeueiuo ioiioaiee e
aini?eieiaaiiio /aeiaaeo iieo/eea iacaaiea enneaaeiaaiea aoo?aeoeee.
Aoeaaeueii aoo?aeoeey icia/aao “i?eaea/aiea”. Aoo?aeoeey – yoi e
i?ioeann oi?ie?iaaiey i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe eaeiai-oi /aeiaaea aeey
iaaethaeaoaey, e i?iaeoeo yoiai i?ioeanna, oi anoue iaeioi?ia ea/anoai
ioiioaiey. Yoo iiiaicia/iinoue oa?ieia iaycaoaeueii ioaeii eiaoue a
aeaeo, eiaaea aoo?aeoeey enneaaeoaony ia naia ii naaa, a a ?aieao
ia?oeaioeaiie noi?iiu iauaiey. N iaeiie noi?iiu, anoaao aii?in i oii,
eaeia iaoaieci aicieeiiaaiey neiiaoee e oi?ie?iaaiey i?eaycaiiinoae,
eee, iaiai?io, iai?eycie i?e aini?eyoee ae?oaiai /aeiaaea, a n ae?oaie –
eaeiaa ?ieue yoiai yaeaiey ( e i?ioeanna, e i?iaeoeoa aai ) a no?oeoo?a
iauaiey a oeaeii. ?anniio?ei, eae aicieeaao e ?acaeaaaony aoo?aeoeey (
oi anoue i?ineaaeei i?ioeann oi?ie?iaaiey iaaeee/iinoiie
i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe).
Ninoaaeythueie acaeiiie i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe yaeythony neiiaoey e
i?eoyaeaiea. Neiiaoey yoi yiioeeiiaeueiay iieiaeeoaeueiay onoaiiaea ia
iauaeo. I?e acaeiiie neiiaoee yiioeeiiaeueiua onoaiiaee nicaeatho
oeaeinoiia aioo?ea?oiiiaia ( aioo?eia?iia ) ninoiyiea oaeiaeaoai?aiey
acaeiiaeaenoaeai ( iaiin?aaenoaaiii eee iiin?aaeiaaii). I?eoyaeaiea, eae
iaeia ec ninoaaeythueo iaaeee/iinoiie i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe, a iniiaiii
naycaii n iio?aaiinoueth /aeiaaea auoue aianoa, ?yaeii n ae?oaei
/aeiaaeii. I?eoyaeaiea /aua anaai ( ii ia anaaaea ) naycaii n
ia?aaeeaaaiie neiiaoeae, oi anoue neiiaoey e i?eoyaeaiea iiaoo eiiaaea
i?iyaeyoueny iacaaeneii ae?oa io ae?oaa. A oii neo/aa, eiaaea iie
aeinoeaatho iaeneiaeueiiai naiaai cia/aiey e niaiaaeatho, naycuaay
noauaeoia iauaiey, iiaeii oaea aiai?eoue i iaaeee/iinoiie
i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe. Aicieeiiaaiea ioiioaiee iaaeaeo ethaeueie
ii?aaeaeyaony i?iecaieueiui auai?ii, oioy ii e ia anaaaea iieiinoueth
iniciaaony ia?oia?aie. E?iia oiai, auai? aeieaeai auoue acaeiiui, eia/a
iaaiciiaeia ?aaeecaoeey eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo iio?aaiinoae ai
acaeiiaeaenoaee. Ia?ae/ii aicieeoaa iaaeee/iinoiia i?eoyaeaiea
ii?aaeaeyao aeaeueiaeoaa acaeiiaeaenoaea aeaoo ethaeae. Iineieueeo
acaeiiua auai?u ia caaeathony aiaoieie oneiaeyie eino?oeoeeyie,
aicieeaao aii?in i oii, /oi i?eoyaeaaao – iooaeeeaaao aeaoo ethaeae,
aucuaaao acaeiiua neiiaoee – aioeiaoee. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy nouanoaoao
aeaa iai?aaeaiey a enneaaeiaaiee iaaeee/iinoiiai i?eoyaeaiey : iaeii
ooaa?aeaeaao ia?ae/ioth cia/eiinoue noiaenoaa iaaeaeo ethaeueie e
iiaeiaea onoaiiaie aeey ia?aciaaiey neiiaoee; ae?oaia n/eoaao, /oi
acaeiiay aeiiieiyaiinoue yaeyaony ?aoathuae a ii?aaeaeaiee
iaaeee/iinoiiai aini?eyoey.
*ai aeeaea /uee-eeai onoaiiaee iaoei nianoaaiiui, oai neiiaoe/iaa iai
eaaeaony /aeiaae. Yoio “yooaeo niaeaney” aue i?iaa?ai neooaoeeyo
?aaeueiie aeecie iooai iaaethaeaiey ca aicieeiiaaieai i?eycie. Yoei
caieiaeenue oaeea ineoieiae eae O.Iuetheii, O.A?eooeo e ?.Aae/, e
?acoeueoaou eo yenia?eiaioia iiaeoaa?aeeee aeaiiia i?aaeiieiaeaiea :
noiaenoai ?iaeaeaao oaeiaeaoai?aiea. I?e/ai yoi iiaeii neacaoue oaeaea e
i aiaoiai, oece/aneii noiaenoaa aeaoo ethaeae.
Aeiioaca i oii, /oi i?eoyaeaathony ethaee, eioi?ua i?ioeaiiieiaeiu ii
naiei aioo?aiiei ea/anoaai e eae au aeiiieiytho ae?oa ae?oaa, ia auea
yenia?eiaioaeueii aeieacaia. Auei auyaeaii, /oi ii?aaeaeaiiay
acaeiiaeiiieieoaeueiinoue ( eiiieeiaioa?iinoue ) iiaeao ?acaeaaoueny ii
ia?a ?acaeoey ioiioaiee, ii ecia/aeueii ethaee ana oaee neeiiiu
auae?aoue oao, /uee iio?aaiinoe e ee/iua ea/anoaa iiaeiaiu eo
nianoaaiiui, eneeth/aiea ninoaaeyao iie ia?oia?a ii iauaieth. Oaeei
ia?acii, noiaenoai eiaao aaaeiia cia/aiea aeey onoaiiaeaiey ioiioaiee, a
aeey eo i?iaeieaeaiey iaiaoiaeeia eiiieeiaioa?iinoue.
“ss -eiioeaioeey” /aeiaaea oaeaea ieacuaaao aieueoia aeeyiea ia
oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue naiei ia?oia?ii ii iauaieth. Noauaeoeaiay
oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue auoa a oii neo/aa, eiaaea niaiaaeaao i?aaenoaaeaiea
/aeiaaea i naiii naaa ( aai “ ss – eiioeaioeey ” ) e aini?eyoea aeaiiiai
eeoea ae?oaei /aeiaaeii, iaaeee/iinoiia i?eoyaeaiea i?yii naycaii n ni
acaeiiui niaeaneai “ ss – eiioeaioeee ” . Ee/iinoue ? yaeyaony
i?eaeaeaoaeueiie aeey ae?oaie ee/iinoe I, anee iia ( ee/iinoue I)
aini?eieiaaony ? oae aea, eae naia iia ( I ) ioeaieaaao naay. Niciaiea
/aeiaaea, /oi ii iiieiaai ae?oaei, niinianoaoao aeaeueiaeoaio oniaoiiio
acaeiiaeaenoaeth. Noiaenoai e ?acee/ea “ss – eiioeaioeee” eiaao
iaiaeeiaeiaia cia/aiea aeey iaaeee/iinoiuo i?eoyaeaiee, /oi caaeneo io
eiioaenoa , a eioi?ii iaia?oaeeaaaony yoi iiaeiaea – eiio?ano.
?acoeueoaou yenia?eiaioia, i?iaaaeaiiuo N. Oaeei?ii e A. Iaooaeii,
iieacaee /oi i?eyoii aaaeouee naay eiaeeaeae, eiathuee noiaeioth “ss –
eiioeaioeeth” n ia?oia?ii ii acaeiiaeaenoaeth, i?aaeony aieueoa, /ai
i?eyoiue, ii eiio?anoiue ae?oaie. Iai?eyoiue e iiaeiaiue ae?oaie
i?aaeony a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie iaiueoa, /ai iai?eyoiue e eiio?anoiue
(ianoiaeee) ae?oaie.
Aieueoia cia/aiea a iaaeee/iinoiie i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe eiaao oaeie oaeoi?
eae ooieoeeiiaeueiay aeenoaioeey – oi anoue oi, eae /anoi ethaee
noaeeeaathony a iianaaeiaaiie aeecie. Auei caia/aii, /oi /ai ei?i/a yoa
aeenoaioeey, oi anoue /ai /aua noaeeeaaaoueny n iauaeoii, oai
neiiaoe/iae e i?eaeaeaoaeueiae ii eaaeaony. Ethaee, ieacaaoeany
ninaaeyie ii eiiiaoa a iauaaeeoee, /aua noaiiayony ae?ocueyie a ia
a?aaaie. Ieacuaaaony, i?inoia iaoiaeaeaiea iauaeoa a iiea /aeiaaea –
aecoaeecaoeey, canoaaeyao aai (/aeiaaea) ioiineony e iauaeoo ( aoaeue
oi ea?oeia, caeaiea eee ae?oaie /aeiaae ) n aieueoae neiiaoeae. ?.
Caeain i?iaae yenia?eiaio, eioi?ue iiaeoaa?aeee yoi i?aaeiieiaeaiea.
A?oiia nooaeaioia i?aaeuyaeyeenue aanniuneaiiua neiaa e “eeoaeneea”
ea?iaeeou. Nooaeaiou aeieaeiu auee neacaoue, /oi ii eo iiaieth,
icia/atho yoe neiaa e ea?iaeeou. *ai aieueoaa eiee/anoai ?ac ei
i?eoiaeeeinue aeaeaoue aanniuneaiiia neiai eee “eeoaeneee” ea?iaeeo, oai
aieaa iie neeiiiu auee aiai?eoue, /oi yoi icia/aao ia/oi oi?ioaa. Oi aea
naiia i?ienoiaeeei i?e i?aaeuyaeaiee nooaeaioai oioia?aoee iaecaanoiuo
ei ethaeae. Iaeaieaa i?eyoiuie eniuooaiui eacaeenue eiaiii oa eeoea,
eioi?ua ai a?aiy yenia?eiaioa iiiaaeaeenue /aua inoaeueiuo. Caeain e aai
nio?oaeieee auynieee, /oi iaoiaeaeaiea a iiea c?aiey i?eaiaeeei e
/oanoao neiiaoee, aeaaea anee yeniiie?oaiiio i?aaeiaoo aieiaiea
eniuooaiuo niaoeeaeueii ia i?eaeaeaeinue . Ia naiii aeaea iaeaieaa
neeueiue yooaeo i?inoia iaoiaeaeaiea a iiea c?aiey aeaao eae ?ac a oao
neo/ayo, eiaaea ethaee aini?eieiatho ?acae?aaeeoaee, ia iniciaaay eo
i?enoonoaey.
Iaeuecy iaaeiioeaieaaoue ?ieue oece/aneie i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoe a
oi?ie?iaaiee aia/aoeaiey i /aeiaaea. Iiiaea ethaee n/eoatho, /oi iie ia
i?eaeatho aieueoiai cia/aiey aiaoiinoe naieo ia?oia?ia ii iauaieth.
Nouanoaoao ianna iineiaeoe oeia “ ia ana oi cieioi, /oi aeanoeo” eee
“iaeuecy oeaieoue eieao ii aa iaeiaeea” , aiai?yueo i oii, /oi e?anioa –
yoi iiaa?oiinoiia ea/anoai e ia noieo ia?auaoue ia iaa aieiaiea. Oai ia
iaiaa yiie?e/anee aeieacaii, /oi aiaoiinoue ia naiii aeaea eiaao
aieueoia cia/aiea.
Aeeaiacii neooaoeee, a eioi?uo ia?oia?u auae?atho ae?oa ae?oaa
oa?aeoa?ecoao noaiaiue iaiauaiiinoe, eioaa?e?iaaiiinoe ioiioaiee.
Aieueoay aeeooa?aioeeaoeey ioiioaiee neacuaaaony ia iniaaiiinoyo
aini?eyoey e iiieiaiey ia?oia?aie ae?oa ae?oaa, naiaai iieiaeaiey a
nenoaia a?oiiiaiai yiioeeiiaeueiiai oiia ioiioaiee.
Enneaaeiaaiea aoo?aeoeee a eiioaenoa a?oiiiaie aeayoaeueiinoe ioe?uaaao
oe?ieoth ia?niaeoeao aeey iiaie eioa?i?aoaoeee ooieoeee aoo?aeoeee, a
/anoiinoe ooieoeee yiioeeiiaeueiie ?aaoeyoeee iaaeee/iinoiuo ioiioaiee a
a?oiia.
Ianoi iauaiey a aeecie /aeiaaea.
Eoae, iu ?anniio?aee iaeio ec ninoaaeythueo /anoae iauaiey – aai
ia?oeaioeaioth noi?iio. E a caeeth/aiea oioaeinue au neacaoue
ianeieueei neia i ?iee naiiai iauaiey a /aeiaa/aneie aeecie.
Naio-Yecthia?e neacae ia iauaiee, /oi yoi “aaeeinoaaiiay ?ineioue,
eioi?ay anoue o /aeiaaea”. A iauaiee ioe?uaathony ?aaeecothony ana
noi?iiu ioiioaiee /aeiaaea – e iaaeee/iinoiua, e iauanoaaiiua. Aia
iauaiey i?inoi iaiuneeii /aeiaa/aneia iauanoai. Iauaiea aunooiaao a iai
eae niinia oeaiaioe?iaaiey eiaeeaeaeia e aianoa n oai e eae niinia
?acaeoey naieo yoeo eiaeeaeaeia.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u :
Aiae?aaaa A. I. Nioeeaeueiay Ineoieiaey.
Iineaa : Aniaeo i?ann, 1998.
Nia?aiaiiay caiaaeiay nioeeaeueiay ineoieiaey: oaenou .
Iiae ?aae. Aiae?aaaie A. I., Aiaiiieiaie I.I., Iao?ianeie E. A.
Iineaa : ecaeaoaeuenoai IAO, 1984.
Iaicia I. I. Iaaeee/iinoiua ioiioaiey . Eaieia?aae :
ecaeaoaeuenoai EAO, 1979.
Iaaeee/iinoiia aini?eyoea a a?oiia .
Iiae ?aae. Aiae?aaaie A. I. e Aeiioeiaa A. E.
5. Iaea?n Ae. Nioeeaeueiay ineoieiaey .
Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a : Ieoa? Eii, 1998.
6. Iauaiea e iioeiecaoeey niaianoiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iiae ?aaeaeoeeae Aiae?aaaie A. I., ssiiooaea ss.
Iineaa, ecaeaoaeuenoai IAO, 1987.
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