IINEIANEEE YENOA?IUE
AOIAIEOA?IUE OIEAA?NEOAO
Aeaaeaiey iaaeaaiaeee
Iaaeaaiae/aneee oaeoeueoao
Eaoaae?a ineoieiaee
“Iniaaiiinoe ?aaiou oa?aiaaoe/aneeo a?oii
a o?aaeeoeee o?ainaeoiiai aiaeeca”
?aoa?ao ii eo?no “Nia?aiaiiue o?ainaeoiue aiaeec”
Oaieeey, e.i. nooaeaioa
Nooaeai/aneee aeeao
I?aiiaeaaaoaeue ______________________
?aoeaicaio ______________________
1998
Niaea?aeaiea
Ii?iaoeaiay /anoue
Aaaaeaiea a o?ainaeoiue aiaeec. Iiaeaeue yai-ninoiyiee.
Aiaeec o?ainaeoeee.
Aiaeec aeeciaiiiai noeaia?ey.
Aiaeec ea?.
I?aeoeea e i?eeeaaeiua aniaeou o?ainaeoiiai aiaeeca.
Oai?/aneay /anoue
“Iniaaiiinoe ?aaiou oa?aiaaoe/aneeo a?oii a o?aaeeoeee o?ainaeoiiai
aiaeeca”
Anooieaiea
Eiio?aeo
?ieue ?oeiaiaeeoaey a a?oiia
No?oeoo?iue aiaeec, aiaeec o?ainaeoeee e ea? a ?aieao oa?aiaaoe/aneiai
i?ioeanna
Noeaia?iue aiaeec a a?oiiiaii i?ioeanna
“Oa?aiey iiaiai ?aoaiey”
Caeeth/aiea
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
Ii?iaoeaiay /anoue.
?acaeae 1. Aaaaeaiea a o?ainaeoiue aiaeec. Iiaeaeue yai-ninoiyiee.
Oeeinioey e eeth/aaua eaeae o?ainaeoiiai aiaeeca.
O?ainaeoiue aiaeec ceaeaeaony ia eiioeaioeee Y?eea Aa?ia i oii, /oi
/aeiaae cai?ia?aiie?iaai “?aiieie ?aoaieyie” a ioiioaiee aeeciaiiie
iiceoeee e i?iaeeaaao naith aeeciue niaeanii “noeaia?eth”, iaienaiiiio
i?e aeoeaiii o/anoee aai aeeceeo (a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ?iaeeoaeae), e
i?eieiaao ?aoaiey a ianoiyuai a?aiaie, iniiaaiiua ia noa?aioeiao,
eioi?ua iaeiaaea auee iaiaoiaeeiu aeey aai auaeeaaiey, ii oaia?ue ii
aieueoae /anoe aaniieaciu.
Iniiaiie oeaeueth oa?aiaaoe/aneiai i?ioeanna a o?aaeeoeee o?ainaeoiiai
aiaeeca yaeyaony ?aeiino?oe?iaaiea ee/iinoe ia iniiaa ia?aniio?a
aeeciaiiuo iiceoeee. Aieueoay ?ieue oaeaeyaony niiniaiinoe /aeiaaea e
iniciaieth iai?iaeoeoeaiuo noa?aioeiia naiaai iiaaaeaiey, eioi?ua
iaoatho i?eiyoeth eiaiii aaeaeaaoiuo ianoiyuaio iiiaioo ?aoaiee, a
oaeaea niiniaiinoe oi?ie?iaaoue iiaoth nenoaio oeaiiinoae e ?aoaiee,
enoiaey ec nianoaaiiuo iio?aaiinoae e aiciiaeiinoae.
A iniiaa i?aeoeee o?ainaeoiiai aiaeeca eaaeeo eiio?aeo. Ii aeeth/aao
oeaee, iinoaaeaiiua eeeaioii ia?aae niaie, e iooe, ii eioi?ui aoaeoo
aeinoeaaoueny yoe oeaee; oaeaea a eiio?aeo aiinyony i?aaeeiaeaiey
oa?aiaaoa ii eiinoeueoe?iaaieth e nienie o?aaiaaiee e eeeaioo, eioi?ua
ii aeieaeai auiieiyoue. Eeeaio ?aoaao, eaeea ec naieo oaaaeaeaiee,
yiioeee e noa?aioeiia iiaaaeaiey aio ioaeii eciaieoue, /oiau
aeinoeaiooue iaia/aiiuo oeaeae. Iinea ia?aniio?a ?aiieo ?aoaiee eeeaio
ia/eiaao aeoiaoue, aanoe naay e /oanoaiaaoue ii-ae?oaiio, no?aiynue
i?eia?anoe aaoiiiieth.
No?oeoo?a ee/iinoe a eiioeaioeee o?ainaeoiiai aiaeeca oa?aeoa?ecoaony
iaee/eai o??o yai-ninoiyiee: ?iaeeoaeue, ?aa?iie e Ac?ineue.
Yai-ninoiyiey – yoi ia ?iee, eioi?ua /aeiaae eniieiyao, a iaeea
oaiiiaiieiae/aneea ?aaeueiinoe, iiaaaeai/aneea noa?aioeiu, eioi?ua
i?iaioee?othony aeooaeueiie neooaoeeae.
O?ainaeoeeae a ?aieao o?ainaeoiiai aiaeeca iacuaaaony iaiai
aicaeaenoaeyie iaaeaeo yai-ninoiyieyie aeaoo ethaeae. Aicaeaenoaey
iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae aaeeieoeu i?eciaiey, iiaeiaiua nioeeaeueiiio
iiaee?aieaieth. Iie iaoiaeyo au?aaeaiea a i?eeiniiaaieyo eee a
aa?aaeueiuo i?iyaeaieyo.
A iniiaa o?ainaeoeee eaaeeo aeeciaiiue noeaia?ee. Yoi aaia?aeueiue e
ia?niiaeueiue ieai, i?aaiecothuee aeeciue /aeiaaea. Noeaia?ee
au?aaioaeny a ea/anoaa no?aoaaee auaeeaaiey.
No?oeoo?iue e ooieoeeiiaeueiue aiaeec yai-ninoiyiee.
Eae oaea auei neacaii, no?oeoo?a ee/iinoe a o?ainaeoiii aiaeeca
oa?aeoa?ecoaony iaee/eai o??o yai-ninoiyiee: ?iaeeoaeue, ?aa?iie e
Ac?ineue. Eaaeaeia yai-ninoiyiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iniaue iaooa?i
iuoeaiey, /oanoa e iiaaaeaiey. Auaeaeaiea yai-ninoiyiee iniiaaii ia o??o
aeneiiaoe/aneeo iieiaeaieyo: 1) eaaeaeue ac?ineue iaeiaaea aue ?aa?ieii.
Yoio ?aa?iie a eaaeaeii /aeiaaea i?aaenoaaeai yai-ninoiyieai ?aa?iie; 2)
eaaeaeue /aeiaae n ii?iaeueii ?acaeoui iicaii iioaioeeaeueii niiniaai e
aaeaeaaoiie ioeaiea ?aaeueiinoe. Niiniaiinoue nenoaiaoece?iaaoue
i?eoiaeyuoth ecaia eioi?iaoeeth e i?eieiaoue ?acoiiua ?aoaiey ioiineony
e yai-ninoiyieth Ac?ineue; 3) o eaaeaeiai eiaeeaeaea auee eee anoue
?iaeeoaee eee caiaieaoea eo eeoea. ?iaeeoaeueneia ia/aei aiaae?aii a
eaaeaeoth ee/iinoue e i?eieiaao aeae yai-ninoiyiey ?iaeeoaeue.
Ac?ineia yai-ninoiyiea – yoi niiniaiinoue eiaeeaeaea iauaeoeaii
ioeaieaaoue aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue ii eioi?iaoeee, iieo/aiiie a ?acoeueoaoa
nianoaaiiiai iiuoa, e ia iniiaa yoiai i?eieiaoue iacaaeneiua,
aaeaeaaoiua neooaoeee ?aoaiey. Yoi eiioeaioeey aeecie /a?ac iuoeaiea.
Ac?ineue o Y. Aa?ia ea?aao ?ieue a?aeo?a iaaeaeo ?iaeeoaeai e ?aa?ieii.
Aiaeece?oy eioi?iaoeeth, Ac?ineue ?aoaao, eaeia iiaaaeaiea iaeaieaa
niioaaonoaoao aeaiiui ianoiyoaeuenoaai, io eaeeo noa?aioeiia
aeaeaoaeueii ioeacaoueny, a eaeea aeaeaoaeueii aeeth/eoue.
Yai-ninoiyiea ?aa?iie – yoi yiioeeiiaeueiia ia/aei /aeiaaea, eioi?ia
i?iyaeyaony a aeaoo aeaeao. Naiaiaeiue ?aa?iie aeeth/aao a naay
eiioeuenu, i?enouea ?aa?ieo: aeiaa?/eainoue, iaaeiinoue,
iaiin?aaenoaaiiinoue, ethaiiuonoai, oai?/aneoth oaea/?iiinoue e
ecia?aoaoaeueiinoue. Ii i?eaea?o /aeiaaeo iaayiea e oaieioo, ii a oi aea
a?aiy yaeyaony enoi/ieeii eai?ecia, iaeae, eaaeiiuneey, oi?yinoaa e
yaioeaio?ecia. Aaeaioe?iaaiiue ?aa?iie – yoi oa /anoue ee/iinoe, eioi?ay
aeaeaao auoue i?eiyoie ?iaeeoaeyie e oaea ia iicaieyao naaa iiaaaeaiey,
ia niioaaonoaothuaai eo iaeeaeaieyi e o?aaiaaieyi. Aeey Aaeaioe?iaaiiiai
?aa?iea oa?aeoa?ia eiioi?iiinoue, iaoaa?aiiinoue a iauaiee,
nouaeeeainoue. ?aciiaeaeiinoueth Aaeaioe?iaaiiiai ?aa?iea yaeyaony
Aoioothuee (i?ioea ?iaeeoaey) ?aa?iie, e??aoeeiiaeueii ioaa?aathuee
aaoi?eoaou e ii?iu, ia?ooathuee aeenoeeieeio.
?iaeeoaeue – yoi eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay a aeaonoaa io ?iaeeoaeae e
ae?oaeo aaoi?eoaoiuo eeoe, yoi ianoaaeaiey, iio/aiey, i?aaeea
iiaaaeaiey, nioeeaeueiua ii?iu. N iaeiie noi?iiu, ?iaeeoaeue
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaai? iieaciuo e i?iaa?aiiuo a?aiaiai i?aaee, a n
ae?oaie –i?aae?annoaeee e i?aaeoaaaeaeaiey. Yoi yai-ninoiyiea auaaao
aeaoo aeaeia: Eiio?iee?othuee ?iaeeoaeue (i?aaenoaaeyao cai?aou,
naieoeee) e Iiaeathuee ?iaeeoaeue (i?aaenoaaeyao niaaou, iiaeaea?aeeo,
ii?eo).
N oeaeueth i?aaenoaaeaiey i?ioeey ee/iinoe, yai-ninoiyiey a o?aaeeoeee
o?ainaeoiiai aiaeeca oneiaii iiaeii ioia?aceoue ia ?enoiea, eioi?ue
iacuaaaony yaia?aiiie. Naii iiiyoea auei aaaaeaii Aeaeaeii Aethnaai.
Aeeaaiinoe?iaaoue yai-ninoiyiey a ee/iinoe aiciiaeii ioo?i eco/aiey
aa?aaeueiuo e iaaa?aaeueiuo eiiiiiaio iiaaaeaiey. Iai?eia?, iaoiaeynue a
ninoiyiee ?iaeeoaeue, i?ieciinyony o?acu oeia “iia iaeuecy”, “y
aeieaeai”, e?eoe/aneea caia/aiey oeia “eoae, caiiiie”, “i?ae?aoe yoi”,
“ie ca /oi ia naaoa”, “y au ia oai?i ianoa”, “ieeue iie”. Oece/aneei
i?eciaeii ?iaeeoaey yaeyaony iaoio?aiiue eia, ea/aiea aieiaie, “a?iciue
aeae”, acaeioe, ne?auaiiua ia a?oaee ?oee, iiaeaaeeaaiea ae?oaiai ii
aieiaa e o.i. ?aa?iie iiaeao auoue i?iaeeaaiinoe?iaai ia iniiaaiee
au?aaeaiee, io?aaeathueo /oanoaa, aeaeaiey e iianaiey: “y oi/o”, “iaiy
ceeo”, “y iaiaaeaeo”, “eaeia iia aeaei”. E iaaa?aaeueiui i?iyaeaieyi
ioiinyony ae?iaeauea aoau, iiooieaiiue aci?, iiaeeiaiea iea/aie,
au?aaeaiea ainoi?aa.
?acaeae 2. Aiaeec o?ainaeoeee.
Oeiu o?ainaeoeee.
Ei?ioei, o?ainaeoeeyie iacuaathony aa?aaeueiua e iaaa?aaeueiua
acaeiiaeaenoaey iaaeaeo ethaeueie. O?ainaeoeey – yoi iaiai
aicaeaenoaeyie iaaeaeo yai-ninoiyieyie aeaoo ethaeae. Aicaeaenoaey iiaoo
auoue oneiaiuie eee aaconeiaiuie, iieiaeeoaeueiuie eee io?eoeaoaeueiuie.
?acee/atho o?ainaeoeee ia?aeeaeueiua (aeiiieieoaeueiua), ia?ae??noiua e
ne?uoua.
I?e ia?aeeaeueiie o?ainaeoeee iaeeaeaiey ethaeae, eioi?ua eiioaeoe?otho
iaaeaeo niaie, niioaaonoaotho acaeiiui iaeeaeaieyi e ioaa/atho caei?iaui
/aeiaa/aneei ioiioaieyi.
Oaeea acaeiiaeaenoaey ia iaeaaeatho niiniaiinoueth i?iecaiaeeoue
eiioeeeou e iiaoo i?iaeieaeaoueny iaia?aie/aiiia a?aiy. Noeioe e
ioaaoiay ?aaeoeey i?e oaeii acaeiiaeaenoaee ioia?aaeathony
ia?aeeaeueiuie eeieyie.
Ia?ae??noiua (ia?anaeathueany) o?ainaeoeee oaea iaeaaeatho
niiniaiinoueth i?iecaiaeeoue ia naao eiioeeeou. A yoeo neo/ayo ia noeioe
aea?ony iaiaeeaeaiiay ?aaeoeey, aeoeaece?oaony iaiiaeoiaeyuaa
yai-ninoiyiea. Iai?eia?, eiaaea ia aii?in ioaea “Aaea iie caiiiee?”
aeaiie aea?ony ioaao “Eoaea iieiaeee, oai e aicueie”. Oaeei ia?acii, ia
enoiaeyuee io Ac?ineiai noeioe aea?ony ?aaeoeey ?iaeeoaey. Oaeea
ia?ae??noiua o?ainaeoeee ia/eiathony acaeiiuie oi?aeaie, eieeeie
?aieeeaie e iiaoo caeii/eoueny oeiiaiueai aeaa?ueie.
Ne?uoua o?ainaeoeee ioee/athony oai, /oi aeeth/atho aieaa aeaoo
yai-ninoiyiee, oae eae niiauaiea a ieo ianee?oaony iiae nioeeaeueii
i?eaieaiui noeioeii, ii ioaaoiay ?aaeoeey iaeeaeaaony ni noi?iiu yooaeoa
ne?uoiai niiauaiey. Eiaiii yoi ninoaaeyao nooue ineoieiae/aneeo ea?.
Oaeei ia?acii, ne?uoay o?ainaeoeey niaea?aeeo iayaioth eioi?iaoeeth,
iin?aaenoaii eioi?ie iiaeii iiaeeyoue ia ae?oaeo oae, /oi iie yoiai ia
iniciatho.
O?ainaeoeey iiaeao i?iecaiaeeoueny ia aeaoo o?iaiyo – nioeeaeueiii e
ineoieiae/aneii. Yoi oa?aeoa?ii aeey ne?uouo o?ainaeoeee, aaea ia
ineoieiae/aneii o?iaia iie niaea?aeao ne?uoua iioeau.
Y. Aa?i i?eaiaeeo i?eia?u oaeiaie o?ainaeoeee, a eioi?ie o/anoaotho o?e
yai-ninoiyiey e ieoao, /oi a iae iniaaiii neeueiu i?iaeaaoeu. Iai?eia?,
I?iaeaaaoe i?aaeeaaaao iieoiaoaeth aei?iaie aeae oiaa?a ni neiaaie: “Yoa
iiaeaeue iieo/oa, ii iia aai ia ii ea?iaio”, ia /oi iieoiaoaeue aea?o
ioaao: “Aio a?-oi y e aicueio”. I?iaeaaaoe ia o?iaia Ac?ineiai
eiinoaoe?oao oaeou (/oi iiaeaeue eo/oa e /oi iia ia ii ea?iaio
iieoiaoaeth), ia /oi iieoiaoaeue aeieaeai aue au aeaoue ioaao ia o?iaia
Ac?ineiai – /oi i?iaeaaaoe aaconeiaii i?aa. Ii iineieueeo
ineoieiae/aneee aaeoi? aue oiaei iai?aaeai Ac?ineui i?iaeaaoea e ?aa?ieo
iieoiaoaey, ioaa/aao eiaiii ?aa?iie iieoiaoaey, aeaeay
i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue, /oi ii aiana ia ooaea ae?oaeo.
Iio?aaiinoue a noeioeyoeee e a? aeaeu.
Iiae “iiaeaaeeaaieai” a o?ainaeoiii aiaeeca iiieiaaony ciae iaeia?aiey.
Nouanoaoao o?e oeia iiaeaaeeaaiee: oece/aneia (iai?eia?, eanaiea),
aa?aaeueiia (neiaa) e iaaa?aaeueiia (iiaeieaeaaiea, eeaee, aeanou e
oiio iiaeiaiia). Iiaeaaeeaaiey aeathony ca “nouanoaiaaiea” (oi anoue
yaeythony aaconeiaiuie) e ca “iinooiee” (oneiaiua iiaeaaeeaaiey). Iie
iiaoo auoue iiceoeaiuie – iai?eia?, ae?oaeaneia oece/aneia
i?eeiniiaaiea, o?ieua neiaa e aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiua aeanou; e iaaaoeaiuie
– oeaiee, oio?ua acaeyaeu, a?aiue.
Aaconeiaiua iiaeaaeeaaiey iieo/athony, eae a ieaaeai/aneii aic?anoa,
i?inoi ca oio oaeo, “/oi ou anoue”. Iiceoeaiua aaconeiaiua iiaeaaeeaaiey
auaatho aa?aaeueiuie (“ss ethaeth oaay”), iaaa?aaeueiuie (niao, oeuaee,
aeanou) e oece/aneeie (i?eeiniiaaiey, eanee, aatheaiuea). Oneiaiua aea
iiaeaaeeaaiey aeathony nei?aa ca iinooiee, /ai ca oaeo nouanoaiaaiey:
eiaaea ?aa?iie aia?aua ia/eiaao oiaeeoue, ?iaeeoaee aiai?yo n iei
acaieiiaaiiui aieinii, oeuaathony, oeaeotho; eiaaea aea ?aa?iie i?ieue?o
iieiei eee naa?o ia?u ?aneai?ecie/aaony, ii iiaeao iieo/eoue ie?ee,
oeaiie eee aiaaiue acaeyae.
Iiaeii i?eieiaoue iiaeaaeeaaiey eee aea yoiai ia aeaeaoue. O ethaeae
iiaeao auoue ianna ?acoiiuo aeiaiaeia aeey ioaa?aeaiey iiaeaaeeaaiee:
“Iia oae aiai?eo oieueei aeey oiai, /oiau iiaeaea?aeaoue iith
oaa?aiiinoue a naaa”, “/oiau iiiuoaoueny eciaieoue iaiy”, “/oiau ieei
auaeyaeaoue”. *aeiaae iiaeao i?aaeiieaaaoue, /oi oio, eoi aai
“iiaeaaeeaaao”, eeai eaeaoe, eeai iaieioeyoi?, e yoei nei?aa iici?eo
“iiaeaaeeaathuaai”, /ai i?eieiaao iiaeaaeeaaiey. A o?ainaeoiii aiaeeca
aaaeiui n/eoaaony o/eoue eeeaioia i?eieiaoue iiaeaaeeaaiey e i?e yoii
oiaoue ioeacuaaoueny io ethauo iaaeaeaoaeueiuo oneiaee, eioi?ua
aunoaaeythony i?e iiaeaaeeaaiee. Oae aea aaaeii noieone?iaaoue aieiaiea
ia oe?aieaiee iniciaiiuo aioo?aiieo nee eeeaioa e ia nicaeaiee oneiaee,
a eioi?uo eeeaio inicia?o a naaa iiaua eee aei nae ii?u io?eoeaaiua
neeu. Eaeei au ie aue oa?aiaaoe/aneee eiio?aeo, ii eaa/a auiieiei, anee
eeeaio i?eieiaao e ethaeo naay, a ia ioaa?aaao.
No?oeoo?e?iaaiea a?aiaie.
Niaeanii Y. Aa?io, ethaee no?oeoo?e?otho a?aiy i?e iiiiue oanoe
niiniaia: ooiae, (ecaaaeaiea), ?eooaeu, ?acaea/aiea
(a?aiyi?ai?iaiaeaeaiea), aeayoaeueiinoue, ea?u, eioeiiinoue (ethaiaiua
naenoaeueiua acaeiiaeaenoaey).
Oaeea o?ainaeoeee, eae ?eooaeu, ?acaea/aiey eee aeayoaeueiinoue,
iai?aaeaiu ia aeinoeaeaiea ii?aaeae?iiuo oeaeae – no?oeoo?e?iaaiea
a?aiaie e iieo/aiea aicaeaenoaee io ie?oaeathueo. Iiyoiio eo iiaeii
iaicia/eoue eae “/anoiua”, oi anoue ia i?aaeoniao?eaathuea iaieioeyoeee
ae?oaeie. Ea?u aea yaeythony na?eyie ne?uouo o?ainaeoeee, aaaeoueo e
ii?aaeae?iiiio ?acoeueoaoo, a eioi?ii o iaeiiai ec ea?ieia anoue
caeioa?aniaaiiinoue.
?eooaeii iacuaaaony noa?aioeiiay na?ey i?inouo aeiiieieoaeueiuo
o?ainaeoeee, eioi?ua caaeaiu aiaoieie nioeeaeueiuie oaeoi?aie.
Iaoi?iaeueiue ?eooae (iai?eia?, i?iuaiea) a naiae iniiaa iaeciaiai, ii
iiaeao ioee/aoueny a aeaoaeyo. Oi?iaeueiue aea ?eooae (iai?eia?,
oea?eiaiay eeoo?aey) oa?aeoa?ecoaony i/aiue iaeaiueeie naiaiaeie..
?eooaeu i?aaeeaaatho aaciianiue, anaeythuee oaa?aiiinoue e /anoi
i?eyoiue niinia no?oeoo?e?iaaiey a?aiaie.
Iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue a?aiyi?ai?iaiaeaeaiea eae na?eth i?inouo,
iieo?eooaeueiuo aeiiieieoaeueiuo o?ainaeoeee, oeaeueth eioi?ie yaeyaony
no?oeoo?e?iaaiea ii?aaeae?iiiai eioa?aaea a?aiaie. Ia/aei e eiiaoe
oaeiai eioa?aaea iiaeii iacaaoue i?ioeaaeo?aie. I?e yoii o?ainaeoeee
iau/ii i?eniiniaeaiu e ioaeaeai anao o/anoieeia oaeei ia?acii, /oiau
eaaeaeue iia iieo/eoue iaeneiaeueiue auea?uo a oa/aiea aeaiiiai
eioa?aaea – /ai eo/oa aaeaioe?iaai o/anoiee, oai aieueoa aai auea?uo.
A?aiyi?ai?iaiaeaeaiey iau/ii acaeiii eneeth/atho ae?oa ae?oaa, oi anoue
ia niaoeaathony. A?aiyi?ai?iaiaeaeaiey oi?ie?otho iniiao aeey ciaeiinoaa
e iiaoo i?eaanoe e ae?oaeaa, niinianoaotho iiaeoaa?aeaeaieth eca?aiiuo
/aeiaaeii ?ieae e oe?aieaieth aai aeeciaiiie iiceoeee.
Ea?ie iacuaaaony na?ey neaaeothueo ae?oa ca ae?oaii ne?uouo
aeiiieieoaeueiuo o?ainaeoeee n /?oei ii?aaeae?iiui e i?aaeneacoaiui
enoiaeii. Iia i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iiaoi?ythueeny iaai? ii?ie
iaeiiia?aciuo o?ainaeoeee, aiaoia auaeyaeyueo aiieia i?aaaeiiiaeiaii, ii
iaeaaeathueo ne?uoie iioeaaoeeae. Ea?u ioee/athony io
a?aiyi?ai?iaiaeaeaiee eee ?eooaeia aeaoiy iniiaiuie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie: 1)
ne?uouie iioeaaie e 2) iaee/eai auea?uoa. Ioee/ea ea? a oii, /oi iie
iiaoo niaea?aeaoue yeaiaio eiioeeeoa, iie iiaoo auoue ia/anoiuie e
eiaoue ae?aiaoe/aneee enoiae.
?acaeae 3. Aiaeec aeeciaiiiai noeaia?ey.
I?e?iaea e aeaeu aeeciaiiuo noeaia?eaa.
Noeaia?ee – yoi aeeciaiiue ieai, iaiiieiathuee niaeoaeeue, a eioi?ii
ee/iinoue auioaeaeaia ea?aoue ?ieue. Noeaia?ee iai?yioth caaeneo io
iiceoeee, i?eiyouo a aeaonoaa, e caienuaaaony a yai-ninoiyiea ?aa?iie
/a?ac o?ainaeoeee, eioi?ua i?ienoiaeyo iaaeaeo ?iaeeoaeyie e ?aa?ieii.
*anoueth noeaia?ey yaeythony ea?u, “a eioi?ua ea?atho ethaee”
(Y. Aa?i).
Niaeanii Aa?io, ii/oe any /aeiaa/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue cai?ia?aiie?iaaia
aeeciaiiui noeaia?eai, ia/eiathuainy a ?aiiai aeaonoaa. Ia?aiia/aeueii
noeaia?ee caienuaaaony iaaa?aaeueii, caoai aeaoe iieo/atho io ?iaeeoaeae
aa?aaeueiua noeaia?iua iineaiey, eioi?ua iiaoo ioiineoueny e iauaio
aeeciaiiiio ieaio (“ou noaiaoue ciaiaieoui”, “ou ieeiaaea ie/aai ia
aeinoeaiaoue, iioiio /oi ou…”), a iiaoo eanaoueny ?acee/iuo /anoiuo
noi?ii aeecie /aeiaaea: oae ?aa?ieo i?aaeienuaaaony i?ioanneiiaeueiue
noeaia?ee, noeaia?ee ioiineoaeueii naiaai iiea, ia?aciaaiey,
aeaieoueau-caioaeanoaa e o.i. I?e yoi ?iaeeoaeueneea noeaia?iua
niiauaiey iiaoo auoue eiino?oeoeaiuie, aeano?oeoeaiuie e
iai?iaeoeoeaiuie.
Noeaia?ee i?iyaeyaony a aeaeaeaieyo, aeanoao, iicao, iaia?ao /aeiaaea.
Y. Aa?i n/eoae, /oi aaaeioth ?ieue a nicaeaiee aeeciaiiuo noeaia?eaa
ea?atho e caiiiieaoeany n aeaonoaa oaioacee e aieoaaiua neacee.
Auaeaeythony noeaia?ee iiaaaeeoaey, iiaaaeae?iiiai e “ia-iiaaaeeoaey”.
Iiaaaeeoaeai iiaeii iacaaoue /aeiaaea, ?aoeaoaai a aeecie aeinoe/ue
ii?aaeae?iiie oeaee e aeiaeaoaainy naiaai a eiia/iii eoiaa. Anee /aeiaae
aeiaeeny naiae oeaee, oi ii – Iiaaaeeoaeue. Anee aea ii oayc a aeieaao,
iieo/ee oece/aneoth o?aaio eee i?iaaeee yecaiai – oi ii iiaaaeae?iiue.
“Ia-iiaaaeeoaeue” – yoi oio /aeiaae, eioi?ue iiaeao auoue i?ae?aniui
a?aaeaeaieiii, nio?oaeieeii, i?eeaaeiui e aeaaiaea?iui noaeueaa,
eiyeueiui /aeiaaeii. Oaeie oei ethaeae noa?aaony ia nicaeaaaoue i?iaeai
ethaeyi – a ioee/ea io iiaaaeeoaeae, oae eae oa ai?thony, aiaeaeay a
ai?ueao ae?oaeo, e (a au? aieueoae noaiaie) a ioee/ea io iiaaaeae?iiuo
(iaoaea/ieeia), eioi?ua, iiiaaeay a aaaeo, iuoathony oaea/ue a ia?
?yaeii noiyueo.
Iniciaa naie iiceoeee e ea?u, ee/iinoue iiaeao iiiyoue naie aeeciaiiue
noeaia?ee. Aai aiaeec e ia?aniio? yaeythony iai?aiaiiie i?ioeaaeo?ie a
o?ainaeoiii aiaeeca.
AEeciaiiua iiceoeee e eo aiaeec.
Iiiyoea ineoieiae/aneie iiceoeee yaeyaony a o?ainaeoiii aiaeeca iaeiei
ec iniiaiuo. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, iiiyoea noaei iiioey?iui aeaaiaea?y
?aaioai O. Oa??ena.
A naiae eieaa “ss i’eae – ou i’eae” ii auaeaeyao /aou?a oaeeo iiceoeee;
ae?oaie o/?iue (F. English) auaeaeyao aeiiieieoaeueioth, iyooth
iiceoeeth.
Ia?aay iiceoeey: “y i’eae – ou i’eae”. Yoa iiceoeey aeiaieuenoaa e
i?eiyoey ae?oaeo, iaeiaei anee ?aa?iie ia iae cano?aaaao, iieaaay, /oi
anth aeeciue ii aoaeao inoaaaoueny naiie aaaeiie ia?niiie, oi ni
a?aiaiai aicieeioo ?aci/a?iaaiey e io?eoeaoaeueiua ia?aaeeaaiey. Aoi?ay
iiceoeey: “y ia i’eae – ou ia i’eae”. Anee ?aa?iea a ia/aea aeecie
ie?oaeaee aieiaieai e caaioie, a caoai a neeo ianoiyoaeuenoa ioiioaiea e
iaio ?aaeeeaeueii iaiyaony, oi ii ia/eiaao iuouaoue naay
iaaeaaiiieo/iui, aeeciue oo?a/eaaao iiceoeaiua aniaeou, aieioue aei
i?eia?aoaiey oaaaeaeaiey, /oi aeeciue ie/aai ia noieo. O?aouey iiceoeey:
“y ia i’eae – ou i’eae”. A yoii noeaia?ee aeaaioth ?ieue ea?atho
aeai?anney e /oanoai iaiieiioeaiiinoe. Iau/ii yoi i?ienoiaeeo io
ia?aaeeaaiee ?aa?iea ii iiaiaeo oiai, /oi ii caaenei io ac?ineuo, iaiaa
oeaiai, /ai ie?oaeathuea. *aoa??oay iiceoeey: “y i’eae – ou ia i’eae”.
Anee ?aa?iea ia “iiaeaaeeaatho”, ieioi n iei ia?auathony, oi ii iiaeao
caeeth/eoue, /oi “ae?oaea – ieioea”.
Iaeiiaoe, iyoay iiceoeey “y i’eae – ou i’eae” iioiaea ia ia?aoth, ii yoi
iiceoeey ?aaeecia, iia auae?aaony iniciaiii, e iae /aeiaae i?eoiaeeo
/a?ac aeeciaiiue iiuo, iin?aaenoaii ia?aioeaiee oeaiiinoae. A yoie
iiceoeee i?iea?aaoeo iao, ii eaaeaeue i?eoiaeeo e naiae iiaaaea:
“AEeciue noieo oiai, /oiau aeeoue”.
AEeciaiiua iiceoeee aicieeatho ia oieueei a ioiioaiee naay e ae?oaeo, ii
e a ioiioaiee ae?oaiai iiea. I?eiya aeeciaiioth iiceoeeth, ee/iinoue
noa?aaony oe?aieoue a?, /oiau noaaeeece?iaaoue naiiioeaieo e nio?aieoue
nai? aini?eyoea ie?oaeathuaai ie?a.
Ineoieiae/aneay iiceoeey /aeiaaea noaiiaeony aeeciaiiie, e enoiaey ec
ia? ethaee ea?atho a ea?u e inouanoaeytho aeeciaiiue noeaia?ee.
Iai?eia?, aeaiueia, eioi?oth a aeaonoaa o?aoe?iaae aeeiaieee-ioaoe,
iiaeao i?eiyoue aeaa iiceoeee: “ss ie/aai ia noith” (y ia i’eae) e
“Ioae/eiu – yoi aeeaioiua, eioi?ua aoaeoo iaeaeaoue iaiy”. Eaaei
i?aaenoaaeoue, /oi a niaeanee n yoie aeeciaiiie iiceoeeae ath aoaeoo
aua?aiu ethaee, ea?athuea oa ?iee, eioi?ua niioaaonoaotho a? aeeciaiiiio
noeaia?eth: iia iiaeao aueoe caioae ca aeeiaieeea eee /aeiaaea n
aeaniioe/iuie iaeeiiiinoyie.
Noeaia?iua iineaiey e ?iaeeoaeueneia i?ia?aiie?iaaiea.
Y?ee Aa?i ii?aaeaeyao i?aaeienaiey eae naioth aaaeioth /anoue
noeaia?iiai aiia?aoa e eeanneoeoee?oao eo ii o??i noaiaiyi.
?iaeeoaeueneea i?aaeienaiey ia?aie noaiaie
iyaee ii oi?ia e nioeeaeueii i?eaieaiu – yoi i?yiua oeacaiey,
iiaee?aieyaiua iaeia?aieai eee iaiaeia?aieai. I?aaeienaiey aoi?ie
noaiaie eaeeaua e ae?noeea, eo aiaae?aiea i?ienoiaeeo ieieueiui ioo?i
niaeacieoaeueiuo oeuaie eee oa?iaeathueo a?eian. O?aouey noaiaiue
(i/aiue a?oaua e ae?noeea i?aaeienaiey) – yoi iaii?aaaeaiiua cai?aou,
aiooaaiua /oanoaii no?aoa, – aa?iue niinia ainieoaiey iaoaea/ieea.
N?aaee ae?oaeo aeaeia noeaia?iuo iineaiee Aa?i auaeaeyao “oie/ie”
(i?iaieaoeey, nia?auaiea, ne?uoia iiiu?aiea auoue iaoaea/ieeii),
“yeaeo?iae”, “caiiaaaee” (enoiaeyuea io Iiaeathuaai ?iaeeoaey).
?iaa?o e Iy?e I. Aoeaeeiae auaeaeeee i?aaeienaiey, iacaaiiua
“?iaeeoaeueneeie aee?aeoeaaie”. Aee?aeoeau iie ii?aaeaeytho eae
niiauaiey ?iaeeoaeueneiai yai-ninoiyiey ?aa?iie, ia?aaeaiiua (aeaoyi)
aneaaenoaea ianoiyoaeuenoa eo nianoaaiiuo aieaciaiiuo i?iaeai. Iniiaiie
nienie ?iaeeoaeueneeo aee?aeoea aeeth/aao a naay: Ia aeaeae. Ia aoaeue.
Ia naeeaeaeny. Ia aoaeue cia/eiui. Ia aoaeue ?aa?ieii. Ia ac?ineae. Ia
aeiaaeny oniaoa. Ia aoaeue niaie. Ia aoaeue ii?iaeueiui. Ia aoaeue
caei?iaui. Ia i?eiaaeeaaee.
A. E. Eoiueeia e A. E. Einaaa i?eaiaeyo nianoaaiioth eeanneoeeaoeeth
aee?aeoea, ?anoe?aiioth aei aeaaiaaeoeaoe e i?eaycaiioth oaea e
iianaaeiaaiie aeecie ac?ineiai /aeiaaea, a ia ?aa?iea: Ia aeeae. Ia
aoaeue ?aa?ieii. Ia ?anoe. Ia aeoiae. Ia /oanoaoe. Ia aeinoeaae oniaoa.
Ia aoaeue eeaea?ii. Ia i?eiaaeeaaee. Ia aoaeue aeeceei. Ia aeaeae. Ia
aoaeue naiei niaie. Ia /oanoaoe naay oi?ioi.
Noeaia?iay iao?eoea – yoi aeeaa?aiia, ecia?aaeathuay oeacaiey,
aae?aniaaiiua ?iaeeoaeyie e i?a?iaeeoaeyie iineaaeothuaio iieieaieth, a
cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie ii?aaeaeythuay aeeciaiiue ieai ee/iinoe e
aeeciaiiue eoia. ?aoathuea noeaia?iua aicaeaenoaey enoiaeyo io
yai-ninoiyiey ?aa?iie ?iaeeoaey i?ioeaiiieiaeiiai iiea; yai-ninoiyiea
Ac?ineue ?iaeeoaey oiai aea iiea aea?o /aeiaaeo iiaeaeue, eioi?ay
ii?aaeaeyao eioa?anu e iniaaiiinoe inouanoaeaiey aeeciaiiiai ieaia. A oi
aea a?aiy yai-ninoiyiey ?iaeeoaeue iaieo ?iaeeoaeae iaaeaeytho /aeiaaea
“?aoeaioaie” iiaaaeaiey, eioi?ua ninoaaeytho oae iacuaaaiue
aioenoeaia?ee, eioi?ue caiieiyao ionoiou a iinooiaoaeueiii aeaeaeaiee
noeaia?ey e i?e ii?aaeae?iiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao niiniaai iiaeaaeoue
noeaia?ee.
Oaeaea a o?ainaeoiii aiaeeca auaeaeyaony iiiyoea yiene?eioa
(yienoeaia?ey), aicieeathuaai a oii neo/aa, eiaaea ?iaeeoaee /oanoaotho
naay iaycaiiuie i?aiiaeiineoue naiaio ?aa?ieo ianoaaeaiey e niaaou a
iau?ia ai?acaei aieueoai, /ai yoiai o?aaoao ?iaeeoaeueneee aeiea e
ii?iaeueiia “noeaia?iia i?ia?aiie?iaaiea”. A yiene?eioa auaeaeythony
no?aieaiea i?iaeeeoue naith aeeciue a iioiieao, o?aaiaaiey nianoaaiiuo
?iaeeoaeueneeo noeaia?eaa eee aeaeaiea ecaaaeoueny io nianoaaiiuo
oyae?euo noeaia?iuo oa?aeoa?enoee.
Ecaaaeaoue ?iaeeoaeueneeo aee?aeoea iaeuecy, ii aeaaiia aeey ?iaeeoaey
ninoieo a oii, /oiau naiiio a aooiaeeaeaeoe/aneii i?ioeanna
inaiaiaeaeaoueny io nianoaaiiuo aee?aeoea e iieacaoue ?aa?ieo, /oi o
iaai anoue aiciiaeiinoue ecaeeoue iieo/aiiua aee?aeoeau. Aee?aeoeau
yaeythony auciaii /aeiaa/aneie niiniaiinoe e ?acaeoeth, eo iiaeii
i?eieiaoue eee ia i?eieiaoue, e iniciaiea a naaa aanniciaoaeueiuo
aeeyiee aea?o oeaiiue iiuo, eioi?ue iaeuecy iieo/eoue eiui ioo?i.
?acaeae 4. Aiaeec ea?.
?yeao e ?yeaoiua /oanoaa.
Eiaaea ethaee o/anoaotho a ea?ao, eoi-oi ec ieo iau/ii iaeei ia?acii
o?aaie?oaony, e inoathueany iinea ea?u iai?eyoiua /oanoaa iacuaathony
“?yeaoiuie”. Iaeaieaa /anoi eniuouaaaiuie ?yeaoiuie /oanoaaie yaeythony
aiaa e aeai?anney. ?yeaoiua /oanoaa auioaeaeatho /oanoaa yai-ninoiyiey
Naiaiaeiue ?aa?iie eee oa /oanoaa, eioi?ua auee i?eciaiu iaoianoiuie
?iaeeoaeyie.
O?ainaeoiua oa?aiaaou ii-?aciiio ii?aaeaeytho ?yeao: eae i?ioeann,
i?eaiaeyuee /aeiaaea e iuouaieth ian/anouey, eae “naenoaeecaoeeth,
o?ainaeoiue iiene e yenieoaoaoeeth iai?eyoiuo /oanoa” (Aa?i) eee eae
“iiiuoeo eciaieoue ae?oaeo ethaeae” (?. e I. Aoeaeeiae).
I?e iiiiue ?yeaoiuo /oanoa ethaee ia?aaeei iuoathony i?eaea/ue aieiaiea
/eaiia naiuee eee aeeceeo e ioeacaoueny io naieo ianoiyueo /oanoa,
eioi?uie aeieaia a?aiy i?aiaa?aaaee eee eioi?ua ia aucuaaee ieeaeeo
ioaaoiuo ?aaeoeee. Eoae, ?yeaoii iacuaaaony eniieueciaaiea ?yeaoiuo
/oanoa a oeaeyo iiaeeyoue ia ae?oaeo.
N ?yeaoii naycaii iiiyoea iaeiieaiey “aeiieaoiuo ia?ie”, eee
“ineoieiae/aneeo eoiiiia” (Aa?i) – naiaia?aciie aaethou yoiai ?yeaoa.
“Aeiieaoiua ia?ee” /aua anaai iieo/athony ethaeueie a ea/anoaa
aeiiieiaiey e iianaaeiaaiui o?ainaeoeeyi. Iaeioi?ui ethaeyi i?aaeony
eiieoue iaaaoeaiua /oanoaa, ae?oaea i?aaeii/eoatho eceeaaoue eo ia
ie?oaeathueo. Aa?i ieoao, /oi ethaee “iiieiatho, /oi ineoieiae/aneea
eoiiiu (…) ia aanieaoiu, /oi ca eo eieeaeoeee iaaei ieaoeoue”,
iai?eia?, ineoiniiaoe/aneeie caaieaaaieyie.
*aeiaaeo aeinoaoi/ii neiaeii a?ineoue niae?aoue naie “aeiieaoiua ia?ee”
– iaiaoiaeeii ia oieueei naeaeaoue yoi, ii e ioeacaoueny io
oaeiaieuenoaey “eniieueciaaoue” iaeiieaiioth ?aiaa “aaethoo”
o?ainaeoeeiiiiai ?yeaoa. Iaeia ec oeaeae o?ainaeoiiai aiaeeca ninoieo a
oii, /oiau iiii/ue eeeaioo iniciaoue naie ?yeaoiua /oanoaa e caiaieoue
eo aooaioe/iuie – oi anoue iiaeeeiiuie – /oanoaaie (iai?eia?,
i?aa?auaoue o?iie/aneia aaniieienoai a yiooceaci, eee ?anoeaieaaoue
o?iie/aneee aiaa eae i?aaeeiaeaiea e aeaenoaeth, a caoai ecaaaeyoueny io
iaai).
Ea?u e eo ineoieiae/aneee aiaeec.
Ea?aie a o?ainaeoiii aiaeeca i?eiyoi iacuaaoue na?ee neaaeothueo ae?oa
ca ae?oaii aeiiieieoaeueiuo ne?uouo o?ainaeoeee n /?oei ii?aaeae?iiui e
i?aaeneacoaiui ?acoeueoaoii, a eioi?ii caeioa?aniaai oio eee eiie ea?ie.
Yoi iaai? o?ainaeoeee ni ne?uoie iioeaaoeeae, na?ey oiaeia, eioi?ua
niaea?aeao eiaooeo eee iiaeaio. A ea/anoaa auea?uoa aunooiaao
ii?aaeae?iiia yiioeeiiaeueiia ninoiyiea, e eioi?iio o ea?iea anoue
aanniciaoaeueiia no?aieaiea – e yoi aeaeaei ia anaaaea iiceoeaiia
/oanoai, oaeiaieuenoaea eee ?aaeinoue, a /aua yoi iaaaoeaiia /oanoai eee
iai?eyoiia iuouaiea, yaeythuaany aeey ea?iea “ethaeiui”.
Aeey eaeaioeoeeaoeee noeaia?eaa e ea? N. Ea?iiai i?aaeeiaeee
aeeaeaeoe/aneoth iaoiaeeeo “O?aoaieueiee noaeueau” (Ae?aiaoe/aneee
o?aoaieueiee”). O?e aa?oeiu aai niioaaonoaotho iiceoeeyi AEa?oau,
Nianaoaey e I?aneaaeiaaoaey. AEa?oau no?aaeatho, i?iyaeytho
aaniiiiuiinoue e ia iiaoo ii/oanoaiaaoue, /oi n ieie an? a ii?yaeea;
Nianaoaee /oanoaotho naay a ii?yaeea, oieueei iiiiaay AEa?oaai;
iaeiiaoe, I?aneaaeiaaoaee e?eoeeotho ie?oaeathueo, iaieioee?otho eie,
noaay a iieiaeaiea AEa?oau. A eoiaa eiaaony aicieeiiaaiea “?yeaoiuo”
/oanoa, iinoiyiiia iiaoi?aiea i?iea?uoiuo ?ieae. Aeaau i?ana/ue oaeia
?acaeoea niauoee, iaiaoiaeeii iniuneaiea e i?eiyoea niciaoaeueiuo oneeee
aeey ?ac?uaa ii?i/iiai e?oaa.
A ?aaioa Y. Aa?ia “Ea?u, a eioi?ua ea?atho ethaee” iienaiu aeanyoee ea?,
?acee/athueony ii /eneo ea?athueo, ii eniieuecoaiiio iaoa?eaeo,
ineoiaeeiaie/aneei oa?aeoa?enoeeai, einoeieoeaiui aea/aieyi, aeaeinoe,
eioaineaiinoe e oae aeaeaa. Iai?eia?, “Ainoue-?anoyia”, “Anee au ia ou”,
“Io /oi, iiiaeny, iaaiaeye”, “Aeieaeiee”.
Nouanoaotho eeeie/aneea aa?eaiou ea?: enoa?e/aneee (“Aeeiaii”), n
neiae?iiii iaayc/eainoe (“Ainoue-?anoyia”), ia?aiieaeaeueiue (“Io ii/aio
oaeia neo/aaony eiaiii ni iiie?”), aeai?anneaiue (“Iiyoue y ca noa?ia”).
Ia i?e?ia o ineoieiaa oiaea iiaoo aicieeaoue ea?u. E i?eia?o: “ss anaai
eeoue iuoathnue iiii/ue aai”, “Ineoeao?ey”, “Iaeiouee”, “E?anoueyiea”,
“Aeo?a/ie” e oae aeaeaa.
Y. Aa?i iaoiaeeo oanoue i?aeiouanoa (aiciaa?aaeaeaiee) a ea?ao:
aioo?aiiaa ineoieiae/aneia e aiaoiaa ineoieiae/aneia, aioo?aiiaa
nioeeaeueiia e aiaoiaa nioeeaeueiia, aeieiae/aneia, yecenoaioeeaeueiia.
?acaeae 5. I?aeoeea e i?eeeaaeiua aniaeou o?ainaeoiiai aiaeeca.
Oai?/aneay /anoue
“Iniaaiiinoe ?aaiou oa?aiaaoe/aneeo a?oii a o?aaeeoeee o?ainaeoiiai
aiaeeca”
Anooieaiea
O?ainaeoiue aiaeec – yoi eioa?aeoeeiiiay ineoioa?aiey, eioi?ay iau/ii
i?iaiaeeony a a?oiiiaie oi?ia. Eeeaiou ciaeiiyony n iniiaiiieaaathueie
iiiyoeyie, n iaoaieciaie iiaaaeaiey e eo ?anno?ienoaaie. Oeaeueth ?aaiou
yaeyaony iniciaiea /eaiaie oa?aiaaoe/aneie a?oiiu oiai, a i?aaeaeao
eaeiai yai-ninoiyiey iie iau/ii ooieoeeiie?otho (no?oeoo?iue aiaeec).
No?oeoo?iue aiaeec aea?o aiciiaeiinoue /eaiai a?oii i?aaenoaaeoue e
ioaeaeeoue ae?oa io ae?oaa naie yai-ninoiyiey, a caoai aeiaeoueny
aeiieie?iaaiey Ac?ineiai iaae ?aa?ieii. ?acaeaay yoi iniciaiea, eeeaiou
enneaaeotho ?aiiaa i?ia?aiie?iaaiea, ?iaeeoaeueneea aee?aeoeau e naie
?aiiea ?aoaiey a ioiioaiee naay (“y i’eae” eee “y ia’ieae e o.ae.) e
naiae aeeciaiiie iiceoeee.
Eiio?aeo
A ia/aea i?aeoeee o?ainaeoiiai aiaeeca eaaeeo iiiyoea eiio?aeoa. Na?ee
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo eiio?aeoia yaeythony iniiaie a?oiiiauo caiyoee; iie
ii?aaeaeytho oeaee, ii?aaeae?iiua /eaiaie oa?aiaaoe/aneie a?oiiu e
oneiaey caiyoee. Eiio?aeo aeeth/aao a naay iienaiea iiaaaeaiey,
iai?eia?, /oi eeeaio aoaeao ?aaea nni?eoueny n aeeceeie ethaeueie eee
aieaa i?iaeoeoeaii eniieueciaaoue nai? a?aiy, a ia iayniuo iuouaiee eee
aano?aeoiuo iiiyoee a?iaea “n/anouey” eee “oaeiaeaoai?aiey aeeciueth”.
Oi?ioee?iaee eiio?aeoa aeieaeiu auoue a aeieaeiie ia?a eiie?aoiu e
ioaa/aoue ia aii?in: “Eae iiaeii ociaoue, /oi au iieo/eee oi, ca /ai
i?eoee a a?oiio?”
Aaaeiui yaeyaony oio oaeo, /oi eiio?aeo aiaeaeaao Ac?ineia yai-ninoiyiea
/aeiaaea a eieeaeoeaiue iiciaaaoaeueiue i?ioeann, iiae?acoiaaaao
acaeiiia niaeanea e aeaiie?aoeci a ioiioaieyo. Ii oiaeo caiyoee a
a?oiiao eiio?aeo iiaeao aeiiieiyoueny e i?aoa?iaaaoue eciaiaiey.
?ieue ?oeiaiaeeoaey a a?oiia
?oeiaiaeeoaeue oa?aiaaoe/aneie a?oiiu aeieaeai neaaeeoue ca naieie
nianoaaiiuie ineoieiae/aneeie iio?aaiinoyie. Yoi aaaeiue iiiaio a
a?oiiiaie ?aaioa. Anee ?oeiaiaeeoaeue iuouaao, /oi n iei naiei an?
oi?ioi, oi ii nicaea?o iiaeaeue oaeiai aea naiiiuouaiey aeey a?oiiu.
Oiaeue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?e ?aaioa n a?oiiie caaeaenoaoao ana naie
yai-ninoiyiey aeieaeiui ia?acii: ?iaeeoaeue caueuaao e caaioeony,
Ac?ineue aiaeece?oao e i?aaeinoaaeyao eioi?iaoeeth, ?aa?iie nicaea?o
aoiinoa?o oai?/anoaa e yiooceacia, iieacuaaao, eae iiaeii ?aaeiaaoueny
aeecie. Oaeei ia?acii, oiaeue oa?aiaao ia aa??o ia naay ?ieue Nianeoaey,
a iiiiaaao /eaiai a?oiiu ia/aoue eniieueciaaoue naie nianoaaiiua ?aca?au
e ia?anoaoue iuouaoue naay AEa?oaaie.
Oa?aiaaoe/aneia aiaoaoaeuenoai ?oeiaiaeeoaey caaeneo io oa?aeoa?a a?oiiu
e auaaao /aou??o aeaeia: aeaeiioaieiaoeey (ii?aaeaeaiea no?oeoo?u
ee/iinoe, auyaeaiea yai-ninoiyiee), ?aeaoaenen (ia?aiauaiea
ineoieiae/aneie yia?aee), i?iyniaiea (aeinoeaeaiea eiio?iey iiaaaeaiey
ni noi?iiu Ac?ineiai yai-ninoiyiey) e ia?ai?eaioaoeey (eciaiaiea
aeeciaiiiai noeaia?ey e aini?eyoey aeecie a noi?iio “y – i’eae, ou –
i’eae”).
Aeae. Aethnae e E. Noaeia? auaeaeytho /aou?a oa?aiaaoe/aneeo oaeoi?a,
eioi?ua ?aaioatho a ethaie a?oiia:
anoanoaaiiia no?aieaiea eiaeeaeaea e caei?iaueth e ee/iinoiiio ?inoo;
iniciaiea oiai, /oi /eaiu a?oiiu yaeythony /aeiaa/aneeie nouanoaaie e
iieo/aiea aicaeaenoaee;
ei??aeoe?othuee iiuo ia?aaeeaaiey i?ioeainoiyiey e ae?oaeo
acaeiiaeaenoaee iaaeaeo /eaiaie a?oiiu;
niaoeeoe/aneia iiaaaeaiea ?oeiaiaeeoaey.
No?oeoo?iue aiaeec, aiaeec o?ainaeoeee e ea? a ?aieao oa?aiaaoe/aneiai
i?ioeanna
Inouanoaeaiea auoaoiiiyioouo aeaeiioaieiaoeee e ?aeaoaenena aeinoeaeeiu
a oii neo/aa, eiaaea oa?aiaao e /eaiu oa?aiaaoe/aneie a?oiiu oiatho
aeeaaiinoe?iaaoue yai-ninoiyiey. Yoi aeaeaaony ?acee/iuie niiniaaie,
iai?eia?, ioo?i aiaeeca iiaaaeaiey /eaiia a?oiiu, oiio?aaeaiey
ii?aaeae?iiuo neia e ?a/aauo iai?ioia, a oaeaea aeanoia, ieieee e iic;
ioo?i aiaeeca o?ainaeoeee; eco/aieai i?ioeie aeecie /aeiaaea e aai
acaeiiuo ioiioaiee n aeeceeie ethaeueie e a naiuea; iaeiiaoe, a
aooiaeeaeaeoe/aneii i?ioeanna, oi anoue ioo?i naiinoiyoaeueiie
eaeaioeoeeaoeee yai-ninoiyiee (iinea i?eia?aoaiey niioaaonoaothuaai
iiuoa).
Oa?aiaaou a a?oiiiaii i?ioeanna i?eiaiytho eae naith eiooeoeeth, oae e
oi?iaeeciaaiiua i?e?iu, iai?eia?, iicaeinoaiaaiioth ec aaooaeueo-oa?aiee
oaoieeo “ionouo nooeueaa”: /eai a?oiiu aeieaeai “iinaaeeoue” ana naie
yai-ninoiyiey ia ioaeaeueiue nooe e i?ecaaoue eo e acaeiiaeaenoaeth.
Ia?aui oaaii ?oeiaiaeeoaey a?oiiu yaeyaony iiiiuue o/anoieeai a
?acee/aiee niiniaia iiaaaeaiey yai-ninoiyiee ?aa?iie e Ac?ineue, a
iiieiaiee e oneeaiee ooieoeee Ac?ineiai. Neaaeothuee oaa caeeth/aaony a
inaiaiaeaeaiee yai-ninoiyiey Naiaiaeiiai ?aa?iea io /?acia?iiai aeeyiey
yai-ninoiyiey Aaeaioe?iaaiiue ?aa?iie. Iinea yoiai ?oeiaiaeeoaeue a?oiiu
eieoeee?oao “ciaeiinoai” /eaiia a?oiiu n yai-ninoiyieai ?iaeeoaeue.
Iieaciui iaoiaeii i?aaenoaaeaiey yai-ninoiyiee yaeyaony ninoaaeaiea
aeeaa?aii, aeey /aai iiiaea ?oeiaiaeeoaee a?oii iieuecothony iaeii e
aeineie.
Oa?aiaaoe/aneay a?oiia yaeyao niaie eaeaaeueioth ieiuaaeeo aeey aiaeeca
o?ainaeoeee e ea?, oae eae iaaeee/iinoiua ioiioaiey /eaiia a?oiiu aeatho
iaeeueiue iaoa?eae aeey yoiai. A?oiia ?aaioaao ii i?eioeeio “caeanue e
oaia?ue” (iicaeinoaiaaiiiio ec aaooaeueo-oa?aiee), a o?ainaeoeee iaaeaeo
a? o/anoieeaie /anoi io?aaeatho oaeou ec i?ioeiai, eioi?ia i?iyaeyao
naay a ianoiyuai. Ii oiaeo aeaenoaey ?oeiaiaeeoaeue oa?aiaaoe/aneie
a?oiiu aiaeece?oao o?ainaeoeee iaaeaeo /eaiaie a?oiiu. Ii iiaeao
naeaeaoue iaaethaeaaioth ei ea?o yaiie aeey /eaiia a?oiiu, iiaeao a ia?
aeeth/eoueny, i?ieaii?e?iaaoue eee i?aaeeiaeeoue aeueoa?iaoeao.
Noeaia?iue aiaeec a a?oiiiaii i?ioeanna
Iniiaiay, aeieain?i/iay oeaeue o?ainaeoiie oa?aiee a a?oiia ninoieo a
ia?aniio?a naieo ?aiieo ?aoaiee e “ia?aienuaaiee” aeeciaiiiai noeaia?ey.
Ii Y. Aa?io, iniaay caaea/a o?ainaeoiiai oa?aiaaoa caeeth/aaony a
oiaiueoaiee cia/aiey iai?iaeoeoeaiuo noeaia?eaa. Aiaeec noeaia?eaa
o?aaoao ?anniio?aiiiai auoa no?oeoo?iiai aiaeeca yai-ninoiyiee e
eco/aiey o?ainaeoeee. ?acua?uaay naie noeaia?ee, ethaee iuoathony
ainnoaiiaeoue eee ?acaeoue oi, /oi auei eie auianaii ec ?aiiaai
naiaeiiai iiuoa.
?oeiaiaeeoaeue iiaeao iii?ineoue /eaia a?oiiu i?aaenoaaeoue naith
naiueth a aeaea ia?niiaaeae iueanu, iaa?inaoue nthaeao e ii?aaeaeeoue
?iee aeey eaaeaeiai ia?niiaaea. Oaeie i?e?i niiniaai aucuaaoue ec iaiyoe
?aiiea aia/aoeaiey, nicaeaaay i?e yoii ineoieiae/anee aaciianioth
ianoaiiaeo, aeaaii?eyoioth aeey ianoaeaeaiey ?iaeeoaeueneeo aeeyiee, a
oaeaea eiioeeeoia, no?aoia, ?aci/a?iaaiee. Noeaia?iue aiaeec iiaeao
i?iaiaeeoueny oaeaea ioo?i ?aaiou n aii?inieeii, ninoaaeaiiui Y. Aa?iii.
Aeey eaeaioeoeeaoeee noeaia?eaa e ea? oi?ioi ?aaioaao e “O?aoaieueiee
noaeueau”, i?aaeeiaeaiiue Noeaaiii Ea?iiaiii.
“Oa?aiey iiaiai ?aoaiey”
Ii ?. e I. Aoeaeeiaai, aeaaiay oeaeue o?ainaeoiie oa?aiee ninoieo a
ia?aniio?a naieo ?aiieo ?aoaiee. Iie iieaaatho, /oi ?aoaiey i?eieiathony
/aeiaaeii a ioaao ia ?aaeueiua eee aiia?aaeaaiua ?iaeeoaeueneea
aee?aeoeau, e oaeei ia?acii iu naie nicaea?i naie noeaia?ee. N iiiiuueth
?acee/iuo ineoioa?aiaaoe/aneeo i?e?iia /eaiu a?oiiu caiiai ia?aaeeaatho
noeaiu ec ?aiiaai aic?anoa, aica?auatho neooaoeee, a eioi?uo iie i?eiyee
ii?aaeae?iiia iaaaoeaiia ?aoaiea ioiineoaeueii naiae aeecie. A eiioea
eiioeia, eeeaiou iiaoo i?eiyoue iiaia ?aoaiea ia eioaeeaeooaeueiii e
yiioeeiiaeueiii o?iaiyo – i?e/?i aieueoie aeoeaio aeaeaaony ia
?aoeeiiaeueiii iiaeoiaea. Aoeaeeiae i?aaeeiaeeee naie iiaeoiae e
o?ainaeoiiio aiaeeco a a?oiiao, niaaeeiea aai aianoa n i?eioeeiaie e
i?e?iaie aaooaeueo-oa?aiee, ineoiae?aiu e iaoiaeee iiaeeoeeaoeee
iiaaaeaiey, iacaaa aai “ineoioa?aieae iiaiai ?aoaiey” (Redesicion
Therapy).
?oeiaiaeeoaeue a?oiiu aunooiaao eae o/eoaeue, /anoi eniieuecoao
aeeaeaeoe/aneea i?e?iu n oeaeueth iiiiue aeinoeaeaiey einaeoa
o/anoieeaie a?oiiu e onoaiiaeaiey eiio?iey iaae naiae aeeciueth.
Eiia/iie oeaeueth oa?aiee yaeyaony aeinoeaeaiea aaoiiiiee ee/iinoe, /oi
iiiiaaao ii?aaeaeeoue naith nianoaaiioth noaeueao, i?eiyoue
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca naie iinooiee e /oanoaa.
Caeeth/aiea
Oa?aiaaoe/aneay a?oiia nicaea?o aoiinoa?o, eioi?ay niinianoaoao
i?eia?aoaieth eaaeaeui a? o/anoieeii iiaiai iiuoa, a ia iiaoi?aieth
noa?uo e iai?iaeoeoeaiuo noeaia?eaa. ?oeiaiaeeoaeue iiiiaaao a auyaeaiee
iaaaoeaiuo noeaia?eaa, aneaaenoaea /aai /eaiu a?oiiu aieueiu i?eiyoue
naie “iiaua ?aoaiey”, eioi?ua aoaeoo i?ioeaiaeaenoaiaaoue noeaia?eth.
*oiau i?iecaiaeeoue oaeoth ?aaioo ia naiii aeoaieii o?iaia, ia o?iaia
yai-ninoiyiey ?aa?iie, a oa?aiaaoe/aneeo a?oiiao, iniiaaiiuo ia
eiioeaioeeyo o?ainaeoiiai aiaeeca, i?eiaiythony iaoiaeu, caeinoaiaaiiua
ec aaooaeueo-oa?aiee (“caeanue e oaia?ue”, “ionoua nooeuey”),
ineoiae?aiu e ae?oaeo iiaeoiaeia. A ?aaioa iiae/??eeaaaony cia/aiea
iniuneaiey ?aiieo ?aoaiee e niciaoaeueiia eciaiaiea naiae iiceoeee a
ianoiyuai a?aiaie.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
E. ?oaeanoai. A?oiiiaay ineoieiaey. (3-uea, iieiia ecaeaiea). I, 1998
Y. Aa?i. Ea?u, a eioi?ua ea?atho ethaee. Ethaee, eioi?ua ea?atho a ea?u.
I, 1993
Y. Aa?i. O?ainaeoeeiiiue aiaeec e ineoioa?aiey. NIa, 1992.
Y. Aa?i. O?ainaeoiue aiaeec a a?oiia. I, 1994
I. Aoeaeeia, ?. Aoeaeeia. Ineoioa?aiey iiaiai ?aoaiey. I, 1997
A. E. Einaaa, A. E. Eoiueeia. Ineoinaenoaeueiia ?acaeoea ?aa?iea. I,
1995
Ineoioa?aiaaoe/aneay yioeeeeiiaaeey. (i/? A. Ae. Ea?aana?neiai). I,
1998.
Oeeo. ii: Y. Aa?i. “O?ainaeoeeiiiue aiaeec e ineoioa?aiey”. NIa, 1992.
Oeeo. ii: Y. Aa?i “Ethaee, eioi?ua ea?atho a ea?u”. I, 1993
Ii: Einaaa A. E., Eoiueeia A. E. “Ineoinaenoaeueiia ?acaeoea ?aa?iea”.
I, 1995
Ii: Aa?i Y. O?ainaeoiue aiaeec a a?oiia. I, 1994
Aa?i Y. Ethaee, eioi?ua ea?atho a ea?u. I, 1993. No?. 375.
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