Iineianeee Ainoaea?noaaiiue Ioe?uoue Iaaeaaiae/aneee Oieaa?neoao
Oaeoeueoao Ineoieiaee
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA
ii eo?no Nioeeaeueiay Ineoieiaey
EIIOEEEOU E IAOIAeU EO O?AAOEE?IAAIEss
Auiieieea nooaeaioea
1-ai eo?na (a?oiia ?3)
Cai/iiai ioaeaeaiey
Iineaa 1998
Niaea?aeaiea.
Aaaaeaiea
Aeaaa 1. Iiiyoea eiioeeeoa.
i.1.1. Ii?aaeaeaiea eiioeeeoa.
i.1.2. Oeiieiaey eiioeeeoa. I?e/eiu aicieeiiaaiey eiioeeeoia.
i.1.3. Iniiaiua noaaeee i?ioaeaiey eiioeeeoa.
i.1.4. No?oeoo?a eiioeeeoa.
Aeaaa 2. Iaoiaeu o?aaoee?iaaiey eiioeeeoia.
i.2.1. Iniiaiua noeee iiaaaeaiey ?oeiaiaeeoaey a eiioeeeoiie neooaoeee.
i.2.2. Ea?oa eiioeeeoa.
i.2.3. O?aaoee?iaaiea eiioeeeoia a ee/iinoii-yiioeeiiaeueiie noa?a.
Caeeth/aiea.
Eeoa?aoo?a.
Aaaaeaiea.
Aaaeiaeoei aii?inii nioeeaeueiie ineoieiaee yaeyaony i?iaeaia a?oii, a
eioi?ua iauaaeeiaiu ethaee a i?ioeanna naiae aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe. E ia
aeey eiai ia nae?ao, /oi a ethaii iauaaeeiaiee ethaeae iaycaoaeueii
nouanoaotho ?aciiaeaney, ii?ie, ia?a?anoathuea a eiioeeeo.
Ainiiieiaiey i eiioeeeoao eae i?aaeei aucuaatho iai?eyoiua annioeeaoeee:
oa?icu, a?aaeaeaaiinoue, iaiiieiaiea, iiiuoee, ii?ie aaciaaeaaeiua,
aeieacaoue naith i?aaioo, iaeaeu… A ?acoeueoaoa neiaeeeinue iiaiea,
/oi eiioeeeo – anaaaea yaeaiea iaaaoeaiia, iaaeaeaoaeueiia aeey
eaaeaeiai ec ian. Eiioeeeou ?anniao?eaathony eae ia/oi oaeia, /aai ii
aiciiaeiinoe neaaeoao ecaaaaoue.
I?aaenoaaeoaee ?aiieo oeie oi?aaeaiey, a oii /enea noi?iiieee oeieu
/aeiaa/aneeo ioiioaiee, n/eoaee, /oi eiioeeeo – yoi i?eciae
iayooaeoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee e ieioiai oi?aaeaiey. A iaoa
a?aiy oai?aoeee e i?aeoeee oi?aaeaiey ana /aua neeiiythony e oie oi/ea
c?aiey, /oi iaeioi?ua eiioeeeou aeaaea a naiie yooaeoeaiie i?aaiecaoeee
i?e naiuo eo/oeo acaeiiioiioaieyo ia oieueei aiciiaeiu, ii e
aeaeaoaeueiu, ia niio?y ia oi, /oi ?aaoee?iaaoue eo, oai ia iaiaa,
iaiaoiaeeii. Iii?iaoai iiaeoaa?aeeoue yoo aeiioaco ia i?eia?a eieeaeoeaa
eaeie eeai i?aaiecaoeee.
Aeaaa 1. Iiiyoea eiioeeeoa.
i.1.1. Ii?aaeaeaiea eiioeeeoa.
*oi aea oaeia eiioeeeo?
Nouanoaotho ?acee/iua ii?aaeaeaiey eiioeeeoa, ii ana iie iiae/a?eeaatho
iaee/ea i?ioeai?a/ey, eioi?ia i?eieiaao oi?io ?aciiaeanee, anee ?a/ue
eae?o i acaeiiaeaenoaee ethaeae.
A ineoieiaee eiioeeeo ii?aaeaeyaony eae “noieeiiaaiea i?ioeaiiieiaeii
iai?aaeaiiuo, ianiaianoeiuo ae?oa n ae?oaii oaiaeaioeee, ioaeaeueii
acyoiai yieciaea a niciaiee, a iaaeee/iinoiuo acaeiiaeaenoaeyo eee
iaaeee/iinoiuo ioiioaieyo eiaeeaeaeia eee a?oii ethaeae, naycaiiia n
io?eoeaoaeueiuie yiioeeiiaeueiuie ia?aaeeaaieyie” [5].
Eiioeeeou iiaoo auoue ne?uouie eee yaiuie, ii a iniiaa eo eaaeeo
ionoonoaea niaeaney. Iiyoiio ii?aaeaeei eiioeeeo eae ionoonoaea niaeaney
iaaeaeo aeaoiy eee aieaa noi?iiaie – eeoeaie eee a?oiiaie.
Ionoonoaea niaeaney iaoneiaeaii iaee/eai ?aciiia?aciuo iiaiee,
acaeyaeia, eaeae, eioa?ania, oi/ae c?aiey e o.ae. Iaeiaei iii, eae oaea
ioia/aeinue, ia anaaaea au?aaeaaony a oi?ia yaiiai noieeiiaaiey,
eiioeeeoa. Yoi i?ienoiaeeo oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea nouanoaothuea
i?ioeai?a/ey, ?aciiaeaney ia?ooatho ii?iaeueiia acaeiiaeaenoaea ethaeae,
i?aiyonoaotho aeinoeaeaieth iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae. A yoii neo/aa ethaee
i?inoi auaatho auioaeaeaiu eaeei-eeai ia?acii i?aiaeieaoue ?aciiaeaney e
anooiatho a ioe?uoia eiioeeeoiia acaeiiaeaenoaea. A i?ioeanna
eiioeeeoiiai acaeiiaeaenoaey aai o/anoieee iieo/ao aiciiaeiinoue
au?aaeaoue ?acee/iua iiaiey, auyaeyoue aieueoa aeueoa?iaoea i?e i?eiyoee
?aoaiey, e eiaiii a yoii caeeth/aaony aaaeiue iiceoeaiue niune
eiioeeeoa. Neacaiiia, eiia/ii, ia icia/aao, /oi eiioeeeo anaaaea iineo
iieiaeeoaeueiue oa?aeoa?.
i.1.2. Oeiieiaey eiioeeeoa. I?e/eiu aicieeiiaaiey eiioeeeoia.
Aeaeaiea eiioeeeoia ia aeaeu aeinoaoi/ii oneiaii, aeanoeie a?aieoeu
iaaeaeo ?acee/iuie aeaeaie ia nouanoaoao e ia i?aeoeea aicieeatho
eiioeeeou, eioi?ua iiaeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue a caaeneiinoe io oao
e?eoa?eaa, eioi?ua aa?oony ca iniiao. Oae, iai?eia?, eiioeeeo iiaeao
auoue aioo?eee/iinoiui (iaaeaeo ?iaenoaaiiuie neiiaoeyie e /oanoaii
neoaeaaiiai aeieaa ?oeiaiaeeoaey), iaaeee/iinoiui (iaaeaeo
?oeiaiaeeoaeai e aai caianoeoaeai ii iiaiaeo aeieaeiinoe, i?aiee iaaeaeo
nio?oaeieeaie); iaaeaeo ee/iinoueth e i?aaiecaoeeae, a eioi?oth iia
aoiaeeo; iaaeaeo i?aaiecaoeeyie eee a?oiiaie iaeiiai eee ?acee/iiai
noaoona.
Aiciiaeiu oaeaea eeanneoeeaoeey eiioeeeoia ii ai?eciioaee (iaaeaeo
?yaeiauie nio?oaeieeaie, ia iaoiaeyueieny a iiae/eiaiee ae?oa e ae?oao),
ii aa?oeeaee (iaaeaeo ethaeueie, iaoiaeyueieny a iiae/eiaiee ae?oa e
ae?oao) e niaoaiiua, a eioi?uo i?aaenoaaeaiu e oa, e ae?oaea. Iaeaieaa
?ani?ino?aiaiu eiioeeeou aa?oeeaeueiua e niaoaiiua. Iie a n?aaeiai
ninoaaeytho 70-80% io anao inoaeueiuo. Iie oaeaea iaeaieaa
iaaeaeaoaeueiu aeey ?oeiaiaeeoaey, oae eae a ieo ii eae au “naycai ii
?oeai e iiaai”. Aeaei a oii, /oi a yoii neo/aa eaaeaeia aeaenoaea
?oeiaiaeeoaey ?anniao?eaaaony anaie nio?oaeieeaie /a?ac i?ecio yoiai
eiioeeeoa.
Aeiionoeia eeanneoeeaoeey oaeaea ii oa?aeoa?o aucaaaoeo eiioeeeo i?e/ei.
Ia?a/eneeoue ana i?e/eiu aicieeiiaaiey eiioeeeoa ia i?aaenoaaeyaony
aiciiaeiui. Ii a oeaeii ii aucuaaaony, eae oeacuaaao ?. E. E?e/aaneee a
eieaa “Anee au – ?oeiaiaeeoaeue” [6], neaaeothueie o?aiy a?oiiaie
i?e/ei, iaoneiaeaiiuie:
o?oaeiaui i?ioeannii;
ineoieiae/aneeie iniaaiiinoyie /aeiaa/aneeo acaeiiioiioaiee, oi anoue
eo neiiaoeyie e aioeiaoeyie, eoeueoo?iuie, yoie/aneeie ?acee/eyie
ethaeae, aeaenoaeyie ?oeiaiaeeoaey ieioie ineoieiae/aneie eiiioieeaoeeae
e o.ae.;
ee/iinoiui naiaia?aceai /eaiia a?oiiu, iai?eia?, iaoiaieai
eiio?iee?iaaoue naia yiioeeiiaeueiia ninoiyiea, aa?anneaiinoueth,
iaeiiioieeaaaeueiinoueth, aanoaeoiinoueth.
Eiioeeeou ?acee/atho e ii eo cia/aieth aeey i?aaiecaoeee, a oaeaea
niiniao eo ?ac?aoaiey. ?acee/atho eiino?oeoeaiua e aeano?oeoeaiua
eiioeeeou. Aeey eiino?oeoeaiuo eiioeeeoia oa?aeoa?iu ?aciiaeaney,
eioi?ua cao?aaeaatho i?eioeeieaeueiua noi?iiu, i?iaeaiu
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee e aa /eaiia e ?ac?aoaiea eioi?uo
auaiaeeo i?aaiecaoeeth ia iiaue aieaa aunieee e yooaeoeaiue o?iaaiue
?acaeoey. Aeano?oeoeaiua eiioeeeou i?eaiaeyo e iaaaoeaiui, /anoi
?ac?ooeoaeueiui aeaenoaeyi, eioi?ua eiiaaea ia?a?anoatho a neeieo e
ae?oaea iaaaoeaiua yaeaiey, /oi i?eaiaeeo e ?aceiio nieaeaieth
yooaeoeaiinoe ?aaiou a?oiiu eee i?aaiecaoeee.
?anniio?aiiua eiioeeeou iiaoo auiieiyoue naiua ?aciua ooieoeee, eae
iiceoeaiua, oae e iaaaoeaiua. Iniiaiua ooieoeee eiioeeeoia i?aaenoaaeaiu
a oaaeeoea ?1.
Oaaeeoea?1
Ooieoeee eiioeeeoia
Iiceoeaiua Iaaaoeaiua
?ac?yaeea iai?yaeaiiinoe iaaeaeo eiioeeeoothueie noi?iiaie aieueoea
yiioeeiiaeueiua, iaoa?eaeueiua cao?aou ia o/anoea a eiioeeeoa
iieo/aiea iiaie eioi?iaoeee ia iiiiiaioa oaieueiaiea nio?oaeieeia,
nieaeaiea aeenoeeieeiu, oooaeoaiea nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneiai eeeiaoa
a eieeaeoeaa
niei/aiea eieeaeoeaa i?aaiecaoeee i?e i?ioeaiai?noaa n aiaoiei a?aaii
i?aaenoaaeaiea i iiaaaeaeaiiuo a?oiiao, eae i a?aaao
noeioee?iaaiea e eciaiaieyi e ?acaeoeth /?acia?iia oaea/aiea i?ioeannii
eiioeeeoiiai acaeiiaeaenoaey a oua?a ?aaioa
niyoea neiae?iia iiei?iinoe o iiae/eiaiiuo iinea caaa?oaiey eiioeeeoa –
oiaiueoaiea noaiaie nio?oaeie/anoaa iaaeaeo /anoueth nio?oaeieeia
aeeaaiinoeea aiciiaeiinoae iiiiiaioia neiaeiia ainnoaiiaeaiea aeaeiauo
ioiioaiee (“oeaeo eiioeeeoa”)
i.1.3. Iniiaiua noaaeee i?ioaeaiey eiioeeeoa.
Eiioeeeou, ianiio?y ia naith niaoeeoeeo e iiiaiia?acea eiatho a oeaeii
iauea noaaeee i?ioaeaiey:
noaaeeth iioaioeeaeueiiai oi?ie?iaaiey i?ioeai?a/eauo eioa?ania,
oeaiiinoae, ii?i;
noaaeeth ia?aoiaea iioaioeeaeueiiai eiioeeeoa a ?aaeueiue eee noaaeeth
iniciaiey o/anoieeaie eiioeeeoa naieo aa?ii eee eiaeii iiiyouo
eioa?ania;
noaaeeth eiioeeeoiuo aeaenoaee;
noaaeeth niyoey eee ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoa.
i.1.4. No?oeoo?a eiioeeeoa.
E?iia oiai, eaaeaeue eiioeeeo eiaao oaeaea aieaa eee iaiaa /aoei
au?aaeaiioth no?oeoo?o. A ethaii eiioeeeoa i?enoonoaoao iauaeo
eiioeeeoiie neooaoeee, naycaiiue eeai n oaoiieiae/aneeie e
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuie o?oaeiinoyie, iniaaiiinoyie iieaou o?oaea, eeai ni
niaoeeoeeie aeaeiauo e ee/iuo ioiioaiee eiioeeeoothueo noi?ii.
Aoi?ui yeaiaioii eiioeeeoa aunooiatho oeaee, noauaeoeaiua iioeau aai
o/anoieeia, iaoneiaeaiiua eo acaeyaeaie e oaaaeaeaieyie, iaoa?eaeueiuie
e aeooiaiuie eioa?anaie.
Aeaeaa, eiioeeeo i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea iiiiiaioia, eiie?aoiuo eeoe,
yaeythueony aai o/anoieeaie.
E, iaeiiaoe, a ethaii eiioeeeoa aaaeii ioee/eoue iaiin?aaenoaaiiue
iiaiae noieeiiaaiey io iiaeeeiiuo aai i?e/ei, ca/anooth ne?uaaaiuo.
Iauaeoeaiua i?e/eiu oieueei oiaaea yayony i?e/eiaie eiioeeeoa, eiaaea
naeaeatho iaaiciiaeiui ee/iinoe eee a?oiia ?aaeeciaaoue naie
iio?aaiinoe, caaeaioo ee/iua e/eee a?oiiiaua eioa?anu. ?aaeoeey
eiaeeaeaea ai iiiaii ii?aaeaeyaony c?aeinoueth ee/iinoe, aeiionoeiuie
aeey iaa ii?iaie iiaaaeaiey, i?eiyouie a eieeaeoeaa nioeeaeueiuie
ii?iaie e i?aaeeaie. E?iia oiai, o/anoea eiaeeaeaea a eiioeeeoa
ii?aaeaeyaony cia/eiinoueth aeey iaai iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae e oai,
ianeieueei aicieeoaa i?aiyonoaea iaoaao eo ?aaeeciaaoue. *ai aieaa
aaaeiay oeaeue noieo ia?aae noauaeoii, /ai aieueoa oneeee ii i?eeaaaao,
/oiau a? aeinoe/ue, oai neeueiaa aoaeao nii?ioeaeaiea e aeano/a
eiioeeeoiia acaeiiaeaenoaea n oaie, eoi yoiio iaoaao.
Auai? niiniaa i?aiaeieaiey i?aiyonoaee aoaeao, a naith i/a?aaeue,
caaenaoue io yiioeeiiaeueiie onoie/eainoe ee/iinoe, ?aniieaaaaiuo
n?aaenoa caueou naieo eioa?ania, iauaia ?aniieaaaaiie aeanoe e iiiaeo
ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia. Iiiuoea i?ae?aoeoue eiioeeeoioth neooaoeeth neeiaui
aeaaeaieai eeai oaiai?aie i?eaiaeeo, ca/anooth, e ia?anoaieth,
?anoe?aieth aai ca n/ao i?eaea/aiey iiauo eeoe, a?oii eee i?aaiecaoeee.
Ineoieiae/aneay caueoa ee/iinoe i?ienoiaeeo aanniciaoaeueii eae nenoaia
noaaeeecaoeee ee/iinoe aeey i?aaeio?aiaiey noa?u niciaiey eiaeeaeaea io
io?eoeaoaeueiuo ineoieiae/aneeo aicaeaenoaee. A ?acoeueoaoa eiioeeeoa
aeaiiay nenoaia n?aaaouaaao iai?iecaieueii, iiieii aiee e aeaeaiey
/aeiaaea. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue a oaeie caueoa aicieeaao i?e iiyaeaiee iuneae
e /oanoa, i?aaenoaaeythueo oa?ico naiioaaaeaieth, noi?ie?iaaaoaiony “y –
ia?aco” eiaeeaeaea, nenoaia oeaiiinoiuo i?eaioaoeee, nieaeathueo
naiiioeaieo eiaeeaeaea.
A iaeioi?uo neo/ayo aini?eyoea neooaoeee eiaeeaeaeii iiaeao auoue
aeae?eei io ?aaeueiiai iieiaeaiey aeae, ii ?aaeoeey /aeiaaea ia
neooaoeeth aoaeao oi?ie?iaaoueny enoiaey ec aai aini?eyoey, ec oiai, /oi
aio eaaeaony e yoi ianoiyoaeuenoai nouanoaaiii cao?oaeiyao ?aoaiea
eiioeeeoa. Aicieeoea a ?acoeueoaoa eiioeeeoa io?eoeaoaeueiua yiioeee
aeinoaoi/ii auno?i iiaoo auoue ia?aianaiu n i?iaeaiu ia ee/iinoue
iiiiiaioa, /oi aeiiieieo eiioeeeo ee/iinoiui i?ioeaiaeaenoaeai. *ai
aieueoa oneeeaaaony eiioeeeo, oai iai?eaeyaeiaa auaeyaeeo ia?ac
iiiiiaioa, /oi aeiiieieoaeueii oneiaeiyao aai ?aoaiea. Iiyaeyaony
ii?i/iue e?oa, eioi?ue e?aeia neiaeii ?aci?aaoue. Oeaeaniia?acii yoi
naeaeaoue ia ia/aeueiie noaaeee ?acaa?ouaaiey niauoey, iiea neooaoeey ia
auoea ec-iiae eiio?iey.
Aeaaa 2. Iaoiaeu o?aaoee?iaaiey eiioeeeoia.
i.2.1. Iniiaiua noeee iiaaaeaiey ?oeiaiaeeoaey a eiioeeeoiie neooaoeee.
Niaoeeaeenoaie ?ac?aaioaii iaiaei ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, eanathueony ?acee/iuo
aniaeoia iiaaaeaiey ethaeae a eiioeeeoiuo neooaoeeyo, auai?a
niioaaonoaothueo no?aoaaee iiaaaeaiey e n?aaenoa ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoa, a
oaeaea oi?aaeaiey ei.
?anniio?ei i?aaeaea anaai iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea a eiioeeeoiie neooaoeee n
oi/ee c?aiey aai niioaaonoaey ineoieiae/aneei noaiaea?oai. A iniiao
aeaiiie iiaeaee iiaaaeaiey iieiaeaiu eaeae A. Iaeea?oaeu, Ceaa?oa e
Eaeoa. Nooue aa ninoieo a neaaeothuai. N/eoaaony, /oi eiino?oeoeaiia
?ac?aoaiea eiioeeeoa caaeneo io neaaeothueo oaeoi?ia:
aaeaeaaoiinoe aini?eyoey eiioeeeoa, oi anoue aeinoaoi/ii oi/iie, ia
eneaaeaiiie ee/iuie i?eno?anoeyie ioeaiee iinooieia, iaia?aiee eae
i?ioeaieea, oae e naieo nianoaaiiuo;
ioe?uoinoe e yooaeoeaiinoe iauaiey, aioiaiinoe e ananoi?iiiaio
ianoaeaeaieth i?iaeai, eiaaea o/anoieee /anoii auneacuaatho naia
iiieiaiea i?ienoiaeyuaai e iooe auoiaea ec eiioeeeoiie neooaoeee;
nicaeaiey aoiinoa?u acaeiiiai aeiaa?ey e nio?oaeie/anoaa.
Aeey ?oeiaiaeeoaey oaeaea iieacii ciaoue, eaeea /a?ou oa?aeoa?a,
iniaaiiinoe iiaaaeaiey /aeiaaea oa?aeoa?iu aeey eiioeeeoiie ee/iinoe.
Iaiauay enneaaeiaaiey ineoieiaia, iiaeii neacaoue, /oi e oaeei ea/anoaai
iiaoo auoue ioianaiu neaaeothuea:
iaaaeaeaaoiay naiiioeaiea naieo aiciiaeiinoae e niiniaiinoae, eioi?ay
iiaeao auoue eae caauoaiiie, oae e caieaeaiiie. E a oii, e ae?oaii
neo/aa iia iiaeao i?ioeai?a/eoue aaeaeaaoiie ioeaiea ie?oaeathueo – e
ii/aa aeey aicieeiiaaiey eiioeeeoa aioiaa;
no?aieaiea aeiieie?iaaoue ai /oi au oi ie noaei oai, aaea yoi aiciiaeii
e iaaiciiaeii;
eiina?aaoeci iuoeaiey, acaeyaeia, oaaaeaeaiee, iaaeaeaiea i?aiaeieaoue
onoa?aaoea o?aaeeoeee;
eceeoiyy i?eioeeieaeueiinoue e i?yiieeiaeiinoue a auneacuaaieyo e
noaeaeaieyo, no?aieaiea ai /oi au oi ie noaei neacaoue i?aaaeo a aeaca;
ii?aaeaeaiiue iaai? yiioeeiiaeueiuo ea/anoa ee/iinoe: o?aaiaeiinoue,
aa?anneaiinoue, oi?yinoai, ?acae?aaeeoaeueiinoue.
E.O. Oiianii e ?.O. Eeeiaiiii auee ?ac?aaioaiu iniiaiua iaeaieaa
i?eaieaiua no?aoaaee iiaaaeaiey a eiioeeeoiie neooaoeee. Iie oeacuaatho,
/oi nouanoaotho iyoue iniiaiuo noeeae iiaaaeaiey i?e eiioeeeoa:
i?eniiniaeaiea, eiii?iienn, nio?oaeie/anoai, eaii?e?iaaiea,
niia?ie/anoai eee eiieo?aioeey. Noeeue iiaaaeaiey a eiie?aoiii
eiioeeeoa, oeacuaatho iie, ii?aaeaeyaony oie ia?ie, a eioi?ie au oioeoa
oaeiaeaoai?eoue nianoaaiiua eioa?anu, aeaenoaoy i?e yoii ianneaii eee
aeoeaii, e eioa?anu ae?oaie noi?iiu, aeaenoaoy niaianoii eee
eiaeeaeaeoaeueii. ?anniio?ei eo, aeey i?eia?a, n oi/ee c?aiey
?oeiaiaeeoaey i?aaiecaoeee.
Eoae, iaiaoiaeeii auaeaeeoue iaeaieaa oeaeaniia?aciue aeey aeaiiie
neooaoeee e aeaiiiai eiie?aoiiai /aeiaaea noeeue iiaaaeaiey.
Noeeue eiieo?aioeee, niia?ie/anoaa iiaeao eniieueciaaoue /aeiaae,
iaeaaeathuee neeueiie aieae, aeinoaoi/iui aaoi?eoaoii, aeanoueth, ia
i/aiue caeioa?aniaaiiue a nio?oaeie/anoaa n ae?oaie noi?iiie e
no?aiyueeny a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue oaeiaeaoai?eoue nianoaaiiua eioa?anu.
Aai iiaeii eniieueciaaoue, anee:
enoiae eiioeeeoa i/aiue aaaeai aeey aan e au aeaeaaoa aieueooth noaaeo
ia naia ?aoaiea aicieeoae i?iaeaiu;
iaeaaeaaoa aeinoaoi/iie aeanoueth e aaoi?eoaoii e aai i?aaenoaaeyaony
i/aaeaeiui, /oi i?aaeeaaaaiia aaie ?aoaiea – iaeeo/oaa;
/oanoaoaoa, /oi o aan iao eiiai auai?a e aai ia/aai oa?youe;
aeieaeiu i?eiyoue iaiiioey?iia ?aoaiea e o aan aeinoaoi/ii iieiiii/ee
aeey auai?a yoiai oaaa;
acaeiiaeaenoaoaoa n iiae/eiaiiuie, i?aaeii/eoathueie aaoi?eoa?iue
noeeue.
Iaeiaei neaaeoao eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi yoi ia oio noeeue, eioi?ue iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue a aeeceeo ee/iuo ioiioaieyo, oae eae e?iia /oanoaa
io/oaeaeaiey ii ie/aai aieueoa ia niiaeao aucaaoue. Aai oaeaea
iaoeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue a neooaoeee, eiaaea au ia iaeaaeaaoa
aeinoaoi/iie aeanoueth, a aaoa oi/ea c?aiey ii eaeiio-oi aii?ino
?anoiaeeony n oi/eie c?aiey ia/aeueieea.
Noeeue nio?oaeie/anoaa iiaeii eniieueciaaoue, anee, ionoaeaay
nianoaaiiua eioa?anu, au auioaeaeaiu i?eieiaoue ai aieiaiea ioaeaeu e
aeaeaiey ae?oaie noi?iiu. Yoio noeeue iaeaieaa o?oaeai, oae eae ii
o?aaoao aieaa i?iaeieaeeoaeueiie ?aaiou. Oeaeue aai i?eiaiaiey –
?ac?aaioea aeieain?i/iiai acaeiiauaiaeiiai ?aoaiey. Oaeie noeeue o?aaoao
oiaiey iauyniyoue naie aeaeaiey e auneooeaaoue ae?oa ae?oaa,
naea?aeeaaoue naie yiioeee. Ionoonoaea iaeiiai eo yoeo oaeoi?ia aeaeaao
yoio noeeue iayooaeoeaiui. Aeey ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoa yoio noeeue iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue a neaaeothueo neooaoeeyo:
iaiaoiaeeii iaeoe iauaa ?aoaiea, anee eaaeaeue ec iiaeoiaeia e i?iaeaia
aaaeai e ia aeiioneaao eiii?iienniuo ?aoaiee;
o aan aeeeoaeueiua, i?i/iua e acaeiicaaeneiua ioiioaiey n ae?oaie
noi?iiie;
iniiaiie oeaeueth yaeyaony i?eia?aoaiea niaianoiiai iiuoa ?aaiou;
noi?iiu niiniaiu auneooaoue ae?oa ae?oaa e eceiaeeoue nooue naieo
eioa?ania;
iaiaoiaeeia eioaa?aoeey oi/ae c?aiey e oneeaiea ee/iinoiie aiaea/aiiinoe
nio?oaeieeia a aeayoaeueiinoue.
Noeeue eiii?iienna. Nooue aai caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi noi?iiu no?aiyony
o?aaoee?iaaoue ?aciiaeaney i?e acaeiiuo onooieao. A yoii ieaia ii
ianeieueei iaiiieiaao noeeue nio?oaeie/anoaa, iaeiaei inouanoaeyaony ia
aieaa iiaa?oiinoiii o?iaia, oae eae noi?iiu a /ai-oi onooiatho ae?oa
ae?oao. Yoio noeeue iaeaieaa yooaeoeaai, iaa noi?iiu oioyo iaeiiai e
oiai aea, ii ciatho, /oi iaeiia?aiaiii yoi iaauiieieii. Iai?eia?,
no?aieaiea caiyoue iaeio e oo aea aeieaeiinoue eee iaeii e oi aea
iiiauaiea aeey ?aaiou. I?e eniieueciaaiee yoiai noeey aeoeaio aeaeaaony
ia ia ?aoaiee, eioi?ia oaeiaeaoai?yao eioa?anu iaaeo noi?ii, a ia
aa?eaioa, eioi?ue iiaeii au?aceoue neiaaie: “Iu ia iiaeai iieiinoueth
auiieieoue naie aeaeaiey, neaaeiaaoaeueii, iaiaoiaeeii i?eaeoe e
?aoaieth, n eioi?ui eaaeaeue ec ian iia au niaeaneoueny”.
Oaeie iiaeoiae e ?ac?aoaieth eiioeeeoa iiaeii eniieueciaaoue a
neaaeothueo neooaoeeyo:
iaa noi?iiu eiatho iaeeiaeiai oaaaeeoaeueiua a?aoiaiou e iaeaaeatho
iaeeiaeiaie aeanoueth;
oaeiaeaoai?aiea aaoaai aeaeaiey eiaao aeey aan ia neeoeii aieueoia
cia/aiea;
aan iiaeao ono?ieoue a?aiaiiia ?aoaiea, oae eae iao a?aiaie aeey
au?aaioee ae?oaiai, eee aea ae?oaea iiaeoiaeu e ?aoaieth i?iaeaiu
ieacaeenue iayooaeoeaiuie;
eiii?iienn iicaieeo aai oioue /oi-oi iieo/eoue, /ai ana iioa?youe.
Noeeue oeeiiaiey ?aaeecoaony iau/ii, eiaaea cao?aaeaaaiay i?iaeaia ia
noieue aaaeia aeey aan, au ia ionoaeaaaoa naie i?aaa, ia nio?oaeie/aaoa
ie n eai aeey au?aaioee ?aoaiey e ia oioeoa o?aoeoue a?aiy e neeu ia aa
?aoaiea. Yoio noeeue ?aeiiaiaeoaony oaeaea a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea iaeia
ec noi?ii iaeaaeaao aieueoae aeanoueth eee /oanoaoao, /oi ia i?aaa, eee
n/eoaao, /oi iao na?ueaciuo iniiaaiee aeey i?iaeieaeaiey eiioaeoia.
Noeeue oeeiiaiey iiaeii ?aeiiaiaeiaaoue e i?eiaiaieth a neaaeothueo
neooaoeeyo:
enoi/iee ?aciiaeanee o?eaeaeai e ianouanoaaiai aeey aan ii n?aaiaieth n
ae?oaeie aieaa aaaeiuie caaea/aie, a iioiio au n/eoaaoa, /oi ia noieo
o?aoeoue ia iaai neeu;
ciaaoa, /oi ia iiaeaoa eee aeaaea ia oioeoa ?aoeoue aii?in a naith
iieueco;
o aan iaei aeanoe aeey ?aoaiey i?iaeaiu aeaeaoaeueiui aeey aan niiniaii;
oioeoa auea?aoue a?aiy, /oiau eco/eoue neooaoeeth e iieo/eoue
aeiiieieoaeueioth eioi?iaoeeth i?aaeaea /ai i?eiyoue eaeia-eeai ?aoaiea;
iuoaoueny ?aoeoue i?iaeaio iaiaaeeaiii iianii, oae eae ane?uoea e
ioe?uoia ianoaeaeaiea eiioeeeoa iiaoo oieueei oooaeoeoue neooaoeeth;
iiae/eiaiiua naie iiaoo oniaoii o?aaoee?iaaoue eiioeeeo;
o aan aue o?oaeiue aeaiue, a ?aoaiea yoie i?iaeaiu iiaeao i?eianoe
aeiiieieoaeueiua iai?eyoiinoe.
Ia neaaeoao aeoiaoue, /oi yoio noeeue yaeyaony aaanoaii io i?iaeaiu eee
oeeiiaieai io ioaaonoaaiiinoe. A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ooiae eee ion?i/ea
iiaeao auoue aiieia iiaeoiaeyuee ?aaeoeeae ia eiioeeeoioth neooaoeeth,
oae eae ca yoi a?aiy iia iiaeao ?ac?aoeoueny naia niaie, eee au niiaeaoa
caiyoueny ath iicaea, eiaaea aoaeaoa iaeaaeaoue aeinoaoi/iie
eioi?iaoeeae e aeaeaieai ?ac?aoeoue aa.
Noeeue i?eniiniaeaiey icia/ao, /oi au aeaenoaoaoa niaianoii n ae?oaie
noi?iiie, ii i?e yoii ia iuoaaoanue ionoaeaaoue nianoaaiiua eioa?anu a
oeaeyo naeaaeeaaiey aoiinoa?u e ainnoaiiaeaiey ii?iaeueiie ?aai/ae
aoiinoa?u. Oiian e Eeeiaii n/eoatho, /oi yoio noeeue iaeaieaa
yooaeoeaai, eiaaea enoiae aeaea /?acau/aeii aaaeai aeey ae?oaie noi?iiu
e ia i/aiue nouanoaai aeey aan eee eiaea au aea?oaoaoa nianoaaiiuie
eioa?anaie a iieueco ae?oaie noi?iiu.
Noeeue i?eniiniaeaiey iiaeao auoue i?eiaiai a neaaeothueo iaeaieaa
oa?aeoa?iuo neooaoeeyo:
aaaeiaeoay caaea/a – ainnoaiiaeaiea niieienoaey e noaaeeueiinoe, a ia
?ac?aoaiea eiioeeeoa;
i?aaeiao ?aciiaeaney ia aaaeai aeey aan eee aan ia iniaaiii aieioao
neo/eaoaany;
n/eoaaoa, /oi eo/oa nio?aieoue aeia?ua ioiioaiey n ae?oaeie ethaeueie,
/ai ionoaeaaoue nianoaaiioth oi/eo c?aiey;
iniciaaoa, /oi i?aaaea ia ia aaoae noi?iia;
/oanoaoaoa, /oi o aan iaaeinoaoi/ii aeanoe eee oainia iiaaaeeoue.
Oi/ii oae aea, eae ie iaeei noeeue ?oeiaiaenoaa ia iiaeao auoue
yooaeoeaiui ai anao aac eneeth/aiey neooaoeeyo, oae e ie iaeei ec
?anniio?aiiuo noeeae ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoa ia iiaeao auoue auaeaeai eae
naiue eo/oee. Iaaei iao/eoueny yooaeoeaii eniieueciaaoue eaaeaeue ec
ieo e niciaoaeueii aeaeaoue oio eee eiie auai?, o/eouaay eiie?aoiua
ianoiyoaeuenoaa.
i.2.2. Ea?oa eiioeeeoa.
Aeey aieaa oniaoiiai ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoa aeaeaoaeueii ia oieueei
aua?aoue noeeue, ii e ninoaaeoue ea?oo eiioeeeoa, ?ac?aaioaiioth
O.Ei?iaeeonii e O.Oye?ii [4]. Nooue aa a neaaeothuai:
ii?aaeaeeoa i?iaeaio eiioeeeoa a iaueo /a?oao. Iai?eia?, i?e eiioeeeoa
ec-ca iauaia auiieiyaiuo ?aaio ninoaaueoa aeeaa?aiio ?ani?aaeaeaiey
iaa?ocee;
auynieoa, eoi aiaea/ai a eiioeeeo (ioaeaeueiua nio?oaeieee, a?oiiu,
ioaeaeu eee i?aaiecaoeee);
ii?aaeaeeoa iiaeeeiiua iio?aaiinoe e iianaiey eaaeaeiai ec aeaaiuo
o/anoieeia eiioeeeoa.
Ninoaaeaiea oaeie ea?ou, ii iiaieth niaoeeaeenoia, iicaieeo:
1)ia?aie/eoue aeeneonneth ii?aaeaeaiiuie oi?iaeueiuie ?aieaie, /oi a
cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie iiiiaeao ecaaaeaoue /?acia?iiai i?iyaeaiey
yiioeee, oae eae ai a?aiy ninoaaeaiey ea?ou ethaee iiaoo naea?aeeaaoue
naay;
2)nicaeaoue aiciiaeiinoue niaianoiiai ianoaeaeaiey i?iaeaiu, auneacaoue
ethaeyi eo o?aaiaaiey e aeaeaiey;
3)oynieoue eae nianoaaiioth oi/eo c?aiey, oae e oi/eo c?aiey ae?oaeo;
4)nicaeaoue aoiinoa?o yiiaoee, o.a. aiciiaeiinoe oaeaeaoue i?iaeaio
aeacaie ae?oaeo ethaeae e i?eciaoue iiaiey ethaeae, n/eoaaoeo ?aiaa, /oi
iie ia auee iiiyou;
5)aua?aoue iiaua iooe ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoa.
Ii i?aaeaea /ai ia?aoiaeeoue e ?ac?aoaieth eiioeeeoa, iinoa?aeoanue
ioaaoeoue ia neaaeothuea aii?inu:
oioeoa ee aeaaii?eyoiiai enoiaea;
/oi ioaeii naeaeaoue, /oiau eo/oa aeaaeaoue naieie yiioeeyie;
eae au au naay /oanoaiaaee ia ianoa eiioeeeoothueo noi?ii;
ioaeai ee iin?aaeiee aeey ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoa;
a eaeie aoiinoa?a (neooaoeee) ethaee iiaee au eo/oa ioe?uoueny, iaeoe
iauee ycue e au?aaioaoue nianoaaiiua ?aoaiey.
i.2.3. O?aaoee?iaaiea eiioeeeoia a ee/iinoii-yiioeeiiaeueiie noa?a.
Iaeiaei eiioeeeou i?eoiaeeony ?ac?aoaoue ia oieueei a aeaeiaie oi?ia, ii
e a ee/iinoii-yiioeeiiaeueiie noa?a. I?e eo ?ac?aoaiee i?eiaiythony
ae?oaea iaoiaeu, iineieueeo a ieo, eae i?aaeei, o?oaeii auaeaeeoue
iauaeo ?aciiaeanee, ionoonoaoao noieeiiaaiea eioa?ania. Eae aea naay
aanoe n “eiioeeeoiie ee/iinoueth”? Nouanoaoao aaeeinoaaiiia n?aaenoai –
“iiaeia?aoue eeth/ee”. Aeey yoiai iiiuoaeoanue oaeaeaoue a iai ae?oaa e
eo/oea /a?ou (ea/anoaa) aai ee/iinoe, iineieueeo au oaea ia niiaeaoa
eciaieoue ie nenoaio aai acaeyaeia e oeaiiinoae, ie aai ineoieiae/aneea
iniaaiiinoe e iniaaiiinoe ia?aiie nenoaiu. Anee aea ia niiaee
“iiaeia?aoue e iaio eeth/”, oi inoaaony iaeii-aaeeinoaaiiia n?aaenoai –
ia?aaanoe oaeiai /aeiaaea a ?ac?yae noeoeeiiai aeaenoaey.
Oaeei ia?acii, a eiioeeeoiie neooaoeee eee a iauaiee n o?oaeiui
/aeiaaeii neaaeoao eniieueciaaoue oaeie iiaeoiae, eioi?ue a aieueoae
noaiaie niioaaonoaiaae au eiie?aoiui ianoiyoaeuenoaai e i?e eioi?ii au
iiaee au /oanoaiaaoue naay iaeaieaa eiioi?oii. Iaeeo/oeie niaao/eeaie a
auai?a iioeiaeueiiai iiaeoiaea ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoa yaeythony aeeciaiiue
iiuo e aeaeaiea ia ineiaeiyoue neooaoeeth e ia aeiaiaeeoue /aeiaaea aei
no?anna. Iiaeii, iai?eia?, aeiaeoueny eiii?iienna, i?eniiniaeoueny e
ioaeaeai ae?oaiai /aeiaaea (iniaaiii ia?oia?a eee aeeceiai /aeiaaea);
ianoie/eai aeiaeaaoueny inouanoaeaiey naieo enoeiiuo eioa?ania a ae?oaii
aniaeoa; oeeiieoueny io ianoaeaeaiey eiioeeeoiiai aii?ina, anee ii ia
i/aiue aaaeai aeey aan; eniieueciaaoue noeeue nio?oaeie/anoaa aeey
oaeiaeaoai?aiey iaeaieaa aaaeiuo eioa?ania iaaeo noi?ii.
Caeeth/aiea.
Oaeei ia?acii, enoiaey ec auoaneacaiiiai, iiaeii caeeth/eoue, /oi eo/oei
niiniaii ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoiie neooaoeee yaeyaony niciaoaeueiue auai?
iioeiaeueiie no?aoaaee iiaaaeaiey. Io yoiai caaeneo e “ie?aoaiiinoue”
eiioeeeoa, o.a eaeoth ?ieue (iieiaeeoaeueioth eee io?eoeaoaeueioth)
nua?aao ii ia acaeiiioiioaieyo eieeaeoeaa eee a?oiiu. Neaaeiaaoaeueii,
iaoa aeiioaca ioiineoaeueii aeaeaoaeueiinoe iaeioi?uo eiioeeeoia i?e
i?aaeeueiii eo o?aaoee?iaaiee iiaeoaa?aeaeaia.
Oioaeinue au caeii/eoue naith ?aaioo neiaaie O.E. Ia?oeia Aeaneaeueni ec
?iiaia “Aaeia e /a?iia”: “A aeaoo neo/ayo ec o?ao ethaee nni?yony
iioiio, /oi ia aeiaa?ytho ae?oa ae?oao. Iie aiia?aaeatho, /oi ca naiui
iaaeiiui caia/aieai e?ithony anaaiciiaeiua caaeiea iunee. Iie oioyo,
/oiau aanue ie? iuneee iaeeiaeiai. Eaeae iiaoo auoue iaeeiaeiauie, ii
iie ie?aoaiu ?acee/iuie ia?aaeeaaieyie, e oi?iu eo au?aaeaiey ?acee/iu.
Anee iu niiaeai oioue eae-oi naea?aeaoueny e ioeiaeeoue auyniaiea
ioiioaiee ia neaaeothuee aeaiue, eiaaea iaiiiai inouiai e aoaeai a
ninoiyiee auneacaoueny aieaa /aoei, nni?u i?aeoe/anee i?ae?aoyony.”
Eeoa?aoo?a.
“ A ioiioaieyo n aeeceeie iaei/ae ia auaaao”./ ?eaea?c
Aeaeaeaeano/Ecaeaoaeueneee aeii ?eaea?c Aeaeaeaeano, (etheue) 1998.
Aiae?aaaa A.I Nioeeaeueiay ineoieiaey. I. 1979.
Aaneeueaa A.E. Yoeea a th?eni?oaeaioeee e i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
aeayoaeueiinoe. -I.,1995.
Ei?iaeeon O., Oye? O. Auea?aoue iiaeao eaaeaeue. -I.,1992.
E?aoeee ineoieiae/aneee neiaa?ue/ Iiae ?aae. A.A. Iao?ianeiai,
I.A.ss?ioaaneiai. -I.
E?e/aaneee ?.E. Anee au – ?oeiaiaeeoaeue… – I.: Aeaei, 1993.
I?aeoe/aneay ineoieiaey aeey iaiaaeaea?ia /Iiae ?aae. Oooooeeia I.E. –
I.1996.
Nioeeaeueiay ineoieiaey. /Iiae ?aae. I?aaeaa/iiai A.I., Oa?eiaeia TH.I.
I.: Iieeoecaeao. 1975.
Nioeeaeueiay ineoieiaey. /Iiae ?aae. Naiaiiaa A.A, Eocueieia A.N. e ae?.
EAO. 1974.
Oi?aaeaiea ia?niiaeii i?aaiecaoeee. / A.I. Eio?a-I, I., 1997.
Ai?iaeeei O.I., Ei?ye I.I. “Aieiaiea , eiioeeeo!”, Iiainea. 1983.
Aaaaa A.N “Iaaea?oiiiaia acaeiiaeaenoaea. Nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneea
i?iaeaiu.” IAO, I., 1990.
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