IAIIO
oaeoeueoao ineoieiaee
eo?niaay ?aaioa ii iaoiaeeea i?aiiaeaaaiey ineoieiaee
o/aaiay i?ia?aiia ii ineoieiaee aeey oeieueieeia 15-17 eao.
auiieieea: nooaeaioea 4 eo?na
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iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue:
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Iineaa 1999 aiae.
Niaea?aeaiea:
1. Aaaaeaiea no?.
2. 1§ Acaeiiaeaenoaea oeieueiiai ineoieiaa n
iiae?inoeaie noa?oaeeannieeaie no?.
3. 2§ I?ia?aiia ?acaeoey a?aiaiiie ia?niaeoeau e
niiniaiinoe e oeaeaiieaaaieth aeey o/aueony 15-17 eao no?.
4. Caeeth/aiea no?.
5. Aeaeeia?aoey no?.
Aaaaeaiea:
?ac?aaioea o/aaiuo i?ia?aii ii ineoieiaee yaeyaony /?acau/aeii
aeooaeueiui e ioaeiui eae aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey iio?aaiinoe i?aeoe/aneiai
ineoieiaa a iaoiaee/aneii iniauaiee naiae aeayoaeueiinoe, oae e aeey
?acaeoey iao/iuo iniia aeaoneie i?aeoe/aneie ineoieiaee, eai iie yaeytho
niaie iiaue oei iao/iiai enneaaeiaaiey, ia/aeueiui enoieai e eiia/iie
oeaeueth eioi?iai neoaeeo ?aaeueiie i?aeoeeie ?aaiou n ?aaaieii
Aeoeaiua iaoiaeu a ?aaioa oeieueiiai ineoieiaa, eo iao/ii-iaoiaee/aneay
?ac?aaioea e i?ioanneiiaeueiia i?eeiaeaiea, iiaeaeoe, iaeaieaa neiaeiue
e, ianiiiaiii, ?ac?aaioaiiue aii?in ai anae aeaoneie i?aeoe/aneie
ineoieiaee. Iineieueeo, ?a/ue eaeao i i?iaeaia ineoieiae/aneiai
enneaaeiaaiey eee ineoieiae/aneiai ianeaaeiaaiey – yoi iaoiae aieueoaai
eee iaiueoaai aiaoaoaeuenoaa ai aioo?aiiee ie? ?aaaiea. Ineoieia, eaeei
au iaoiaeii ii ia iieueciaaeny, iaycaoaeueii inoaaeyao neaae a oie
a?oiia eee ee/iinoe, n eioi?uie ii ?aaioae. Ioaeii niaeaneoueny n A.A.
Iao?ianeie, eioi?ay aiai?eo *oi iaeii aeaei, eiaaea eciaiaiea
aunooiaao, eae iaaieueiia, ia ieaie?othuaa iineaaenoaea e ineoieia
noa?aaony aai o/anoue.
Ae?oaia aeaei iaoiaeu, i?yii i?eaioe?iaaiiua ia aiaoaoaeuenoai e
?acaeoea a?oiiu eee ee/iinoe n oeaeueth ieacaoue ieaie?oaiia
aicaeaenoaea e ninoaaeyao nooue aeoeaiuo iaoiaeia ?aaiou i?aeoe/aneiai
ineoieiaa, ?aaeecothueony, i?aaeaea anaai a ?acaeaathueo i?ia?aiiao
aeey ?aaiou n aeaoueie ?aciiai aic?anoa.
Aeoeaiua iaoiaeu i?aaeiieaaatho ia oieueei na?ueacioth ?ac?aaioeo
ineoieiae/aneiai niaea?aeaiey ?aaiou n aeaoueie ?aciiai aic?anoa, ii e
aeoaieie iainiiaaiea oi?iu aa nouanoaiaaiey.
Oae, iai?eia?, a ?aaioa n iiae?inoeaie iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiie yaeyaony
a?oiiiaay oi?ia i?iaaaeaiey ?acaeaathueo i?ia?aii.
Aaaeiinoue a?oiiiauo oi?i ?aaiou ia eneeth/aao aiciiaeiinoe, i?iaaaeaiey
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie ?aaiou n ioaeaeueiuie o/aueieny e, eiia/ii, ia nieiaao
a i?eioeeia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai iiaeoiaea e eaaeaeiio iiae?inoeo a
i?ioeanna a?oiiiaie ?aaiou.
1§ Acaeiiaeaenoaea oeieueiiai ineoieiaa n iiae?inoeaie e
noa?oaeeannieeaie.
Aeaoneee i?aeoe/aneee ineoieia, ?aaioaao a oeiea, eiaao aeaei n aeaoueie
?aciiai aic?anoa: n ieaaeoeie oeieueieeaie, iiae?inoeaie,
noa?oaeeannieeaie.
I?e yoii ii aeaeeo aic?ano a aeeiaieea iiii/ue ia?aoiaeo n iaeiie
nooiaie ia ae?oaoth aieaa auaiaeioth – iaeia ec caaea/ oeieueiiai
ineoieiaa.
Iiiaia?aiiia eioaeeaeooaeueiia e ee/iinoiia ?acaeoea o/aueony o?aaoao
nicaeaiea iioeiaeueiuo ineoieiae/aneeo e iaaeaaiae/aneeo oneiaee,
iaania/eaathueo iieiioeaiiia ia?aaeeaaiea aeaoueie eaaeaeiai aic?anoiiai
ia?eiaea e oai naiui niinianoaothueo ?aaeecaoeee eo eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo
oai?/aneeo iioaioeee.
E.N. Auaiaeneee ?anniao?eaae aic?ano eae ioiineoaeueii caieiooue ia?eiae
?acaeoey, cia/aiea eioi?iai ii?aaeaeyaony, aai ianoii a iauai oeeeea
?acaeoey e a eioi?ii iauea caeiiu ?acaeoey iaoiaeyo anyeee ?ac
ea/anoaaiii naiaia?aciia au?aaeaiea. Aic?anoiua iniaaiiinoe nouanoaotho
eae iaeaieaa oeie/iua iaeaieaa oa?aeoa?iua iauea iniaaiiinoe aic?anoa,
oeacuaathuea ia iauaa iai?aaeaiey ?acaeoey. Oio eee eiie aic?anoiie
ia?eiae neiceoeaai e ?acaeoeth ii?aaeaeaiiuo ineoe/aneeo i?ioeannia e
naienoa, ineoieiae/aneeo ea/anoa ee/iinoe, a iiyoiio e e ii?aaeaeaiiiio
oeio aicaeaenoaee.
Iiyoiio ?aaaiie ia eaaeaeii aic?anoiii yoaia ioaeaeaaony a iniaii e naaa
iiaeoiaea.
Eaaeaeue aic?anoiie ia?eiae noaaeeueiue eee e?eoe/aneee yaeyaony
ia?aoiaeiui, iiaeaioaaeeaathuei /aeiaaea e ia?aoiaeo ia aieaa aunieoth
nooiaiue. Neiaeiinoue aic?anoiiai yoaia ninoieo a oii, /oi ii niaea?aeeo
a naaa ineoieiae/aneea iaauee naaiaeiyoiaai aeiy, oeaiiinoiie niune
eioi?uo ai iiiaii ii?aaeaeyaony iio?aaiinoyie aeiy caao?aoiaai.
Eiaiii iieiioeaiiia ?acaeoea eaaeaeiai aic?anoiiai ia?eiaea
iiaeaioiayo aai e ia?aoiaeo aai ia neaaeothuoth aic?anoioth nooiaiue,
iicaieeo noi?ie?iaaoueny iaiaoiaeeiui aeey yoiai ineoieiae/aneei
iiaiia?aciaaieyi.
A iniiaa iaeaieaa aeaaii?eyoiuo ineoieiai-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oneiaee eaaeeo
?aaeecaoeey a ?aaioa n aeaoueie anao aic?anoia i?eioeeia “Ciiu
aeeaeaeoaai ?acaeoey” (E.N. Auaiaeneee) eniieueciaaiea yoiai i?eioeeia a
?ac?aaioea ineoieiai-iaaeaaiae/aneeo i?ia?aii iicaieyao i?iaeoe?iaaoue
oio o?iaaiue ?acaeoey, eioi?ue oeieueiee iiaeao aeinoe/ue a aeeaeaeoaa
a?aiy.
“Ciia aeeaeaeoaai ?acaeoey” iiae?inoeia e noa?oaeeannieeia i?aaeiieaaaao
nio?oaeie/anoai ni ac?ineuie a i?ino?ainoaa i?iaeai naiiniciaiey,
ee/iinoiie naiii?aaiecaoeee e naii?aaoeyoeee, eioaeeaeooaeueiie e
ee/iinoiie ?aoeaenee. Eiaiii a yoio ia?eiae oi?ie?othony i?aanoaaiiua
oeaiiinoe, aeeciaiiua ia?niaeoeau, i?ienoiaeeo iniciaiea naiiai naay,
naieo aiciiaeiinoae, niiniaiinoe, eioa?ania, no?aieaiea iuooeoue naay e
noaoue ac?ineui, oyaa e iauaieth ni naa?noieeaie, a aioo?e eioi?iai
ioi?ieythony iauea acaeyaeu ia aeeciue, ia ioiioaiea iaaeaeo ethaeueie,
ia naia aoaeouaa, ii ae?oaiio – oi?ie?othony ee/iinoiua niuneu aeecie.
Aeey oiai, /oiau yoe ea/anoaa ?acaeaaeenue, iie aeieaeiu auoue
“caeiaeaiu”, ainieoaiu. ?acaeoea ia i?ienoiaeeo ec ia/aai,
iiaia?aciaaiey ia aicieeatho naie ii naaa, iie yaeythony eoiaii
nianoaaiiiai iiuoa ?aaaiea, iieo/aiiiai ei a ?acoeueoaoa aeoeaiie
aeeth/aiiinoe a auiieiaiea naiuo ?aciuo oi?i iauanoaaiii iieaciie
aeayoaeueiinoe: o/aaiie, nii?oeaiie, ooaeiaeanoaaiiie e ae.?. i?e yoii
oeieueieee anooiatho a ii?aaeaeaiiua ioiioaiey ni naa?noieeaie e
ac?ineuie, /oi oi?ie?oao o ieo niiniaiinoe no?ieoue iauaiea n
ie?oaeathueie a caaeneiinoe io ?acee/iuo caaea/ e o?aaiaaiee aeecie,
i?eaioe?iaaoueny a ee/iuo iniaaiiinoyo e ea/anoaao ethaeae, niciaoaeueii
iiae/eiyoueny ii?iai, i?eiyoui a eieeaeoeaa.
E.E. Aiaeiae/ aiai?eea, /oi a ineoieiae/aneii ?acaeoee ?aaaiea
ii?aaeaeythuei yaeyaony ia oieueei oa?aeoa? aai aaaeouae aeayoaeueiinoe,
ii e oa?aeoa? oie nenoaiu acaeiiioiioaiee n ie?oaeathueie aai ethaeueie,
a eioi?ua ii anooiaao ia ?aciuo yoaiao naiaai ?acaeoey.
Iiyoiio iauaiea iiae?inoeia e noa?oaeeannieeia ni naa?noieeaie e
ac?ineuie iaiaoiaeeii n/eoaoue aaaeiaeoei ineoieiae/aneei oneiaeai eo
ee/iinoiiai ?acaeoey. Iaoaea/e a iauaiee aaaeoo e aioo?aiiaio
aeeneiioi?oo, eiiiaine?iaaoue eioi?ue ia iiaoo ie eaeea iauaeoeaiua
aunieea iieacaoaee a ae?oaeo noa?ao aeecie e aeayoaeueiinoe. Iauaiea
noauaeoeaii aini?eieiaaony iiae?inoeaie e noa?oaeeannieeaie eae ia /oi
ee/iinoii i/aiue aaaeiia: Ia yoii naeaeaoaeuenoaoao eo /ooeia aieiaiea e
oi?ia iauaiey, aai oiiaeueiinoe, aeiaa?eoaeueiinoe, iiiuoea iniuneeoue
i?iaiaeece?iaaoue naie acaeiiioiioaiey ni naa?noieeaie e ac?ineuie.
Iauaiea ni naa?noieeaie iaiaoiaeeiia oneiaea ineoieiae/aneiai e
ee/iinoiiai ?acaeoey ?aaaiea, ia anao yoaiao iioiaaiaca, ii iii
auiieiyao naith ooieoeeth oieueei oiaaea eiaaea o ?aaaiea iaeiia?aiaiii
anoue iauaiea n “ii?iaeueiui” (oiiui, aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiui e i?aanoaaiii
– ainieoaiiui) ac?ineui. Eiaiii a oaeii iauaiee i?ienoiaeeo i?iaa?ea e
iiieiaiea oao oeaiiinoae, eioi?ua oi?ie?othony a n?aaea naa?noieeia.
Eiaiii a iauaiee ni noa?oaeeannieeaie ?aaaiie onaaeaaao oeaeinoioth
nenoaio i?aanoaaiiuo e eiuo oeaiiinoae eaeaaeia, oeie/iuo aeey aeaiiiai
iauanoaa e niaoeeoe/aneie nioeeaeueiie n?aaea.
A noa?oai oeieueiii aic?anoa eee ?aiiae thiinoe iauaiea n ac?ineuie
i?eia?aoatho noaeueaiiiniia cia/aiea a nayce n aicieeathueie o
noa?oaeeannieeia i?iaeaiaie ia?niaeoeaiiai aeeciaiiiai naiiii?aaeaeaiey.
Iaeiaei, eae iieacuaaao aiaeec nia?aiaiiiai iaaeaaiae/aneiai i?ioeanna,
iio?aaiinoue o/aueony iiae?inoeiaiai e noa?oaai oeieueiiai aic?anoa a
aeaaii?eyoiii e aeiaa?eoaeueiii iauaiee n ac?ineuie a oeiea i/aiue /anoi
ia iieo/atho naiaai oaeiaeaoai?aiey. Yoi ianoiyoaeuenoai aaaeao e
oi?ie?iaaieth iiauoaiiie o?aaiaeiinoe, ?acaeoey /oanoaa iaoaa?aiiinoe a
naaa, naycaiiiai n iaaaeaeaaoiie iaonoie/eaie naiiioeaieie, ni
neiaeiinoyie a ee/iinoiii ?acaeoee, onoaiiaeaiee iaaeee/iinoiuo
eiioaeoia, iaoaao i?ioanneiiaeueiiio naiiii?aaeaeaieth, i?eaioaoeee a
aeeciaiiuo neooaoeeyo e i?. Ana yoi ai iiiai ?ac onoaoaeyaony, anee o
?aayo ionoonoaoao aeaaii?eyoiia iauaiea a naiuea.
A oeiea ieeoi ia caieiaaony niaoeeaeueiie i?aaiecaoeeae aeayoaeueiinoe
iauaiey. Yoi aaaeiaeoaa oneiaea aeey ?acaeoey ee/iinoe iouaiiia ia
naiioae: eae o eiai ec iiae?inoeia iii neiaeeony
eee ia neiaeeoueny – ac?ineuo iaei aieioao, aeaaiia /oiau aeaoe o/eee
o?iee. Iiyoiio ia?aae ineoieiaii anoaao neiaeiaeoay caaea/a:
niaoeeaeueii i?aaieciaaoue aaaeouoth aeey iiae?inoeiaiai noa?oaai
oeieueiiai aic?anoa aeayoaeueiinoue, nicaeaoue aioo?e yoie
aeayoaeueiinoe aoiinoa?o nio?oaeie/anoaa, acaeiiiai aeiaa?ey aeaoae
ae?oa n ae?oaii, aeaoae e ac?ineuo.
Iaeii ec aaaeiaeoeo ?aoaiee yoie caaea/e ?ac?aaioea ineoieiaii eee
eniieueciaaiea ei eiathueony a ineoieiae/aneie eeoa?aoo?a ee/iinoiuo
?acaeaathueo i?ia?aii, niiniaiuo iiii/ue iiae?inoeai e noa?oaeeannieeai
iniciaoue naie neeu e eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue, ii/oanoaiaaoue aeon oniaoa,
iaeoe aeaei, eioi?ia eioa?anii, caaeyiooue a aoaeouaa.
Iaeaieaa yooaeoeaii ?aaeecothony yoe i?ia?aiiu a a?oiiiauo oi?iao
?aaiou, /oi iauyniyaony ia oieueei oie iniaie ?ieueth, eioi?oth a
oeacaiiii aic?anoa ea?aao iauaiea ni naa?noieeaie, ii e oe?iei
aeieacaiiue naaiaeiy i?iaeoeoeaiinoueth yoeo oi?i ineoieiae/aneie
?aaiou.
Ii nouanoao, a?aiioii ninoaaeaiiua e i?ioanneiiaeueii ?aaeeciaaiiua a
a?oiiao ?acaeaathuea i?ia?aiiu iiaoo ?anniao?eaaoueny eae “eae ciia
aeeaeaeoaai ?acaeoey” iiae?inoeia e noa?oaeeannieeia. Caeanue aaaeai
aii?in i i?aainoaaiiinoe yoeo i?ia?aii a niioaaonoaee n iniiaiuie
iio?aaiinoyie aic?anoiiai ?acaeoey.
Iiyoiio i?e ?aaioa n ieaaeoeie iiae?inoeaie oii? neaaeoao aeaeaoue ia
i?iaoaeaeaiey eioa?ana e ?acaeoey aeiaa?ey naiiio naaa, ia iinoaiaiiii
iiieiaiee naieo aiciiaeiinoae, niiniaiinoae, iniaaiiinoae oa?aeoa?a e
i?.
Yoio aic?ano yaeyaony aeaaii?eyoiui a?aiaiai aeey ?aaiou iaae ?acaeoeai
e oe?aieaiea o iiae?inoeia oaa?aiiinoe a naaa, /oanoaa nianoaaiiiai
aeinoieinoaa i?e ?aaioa ni noa?oeie iiae?inoeaie iniiaiie aeoeaio iiaeii
naeaeaoue ia ?acaeoee aeiaa?ey e ie?oaeathuei ethaeyi, ia aiaeeca
iioeaia iauaiey, iaaeee/iinoiuo ioiioaiee. A a?oiiao noa?oaeeannieeia
iiaeii aieueoaa aieiaiea oaeaeyoue i?iaeaiai iniciaiey eie naiaai
i?ecaaiey, niiniaiinoe aeaeaoue niune aeecie, a?aiaiiui ia?niaeoeaai e
yiioeeiiaeueiui i?eaycaiiinoyi, i?ioanneiiaeueiiio auai?o e aoaeouae
naiaeiie aeecie.
I?e yoii neaaeoao iiiieoue, /oi nai aic?ano ia ii?aaeaeyao eaeiai-oi
noaiaea?oiiai ineoe/aneiai ?acaeoey ee/iinoe, oae eae aic?anoiua
iniaaiiinoe nouanoaotho eeoue a aaeeinoaa n iniaaiiinoyie
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuie, ” a oi?ia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo aa?eaioia ?acaeoey ”
auoue iiaeao, iniiaiie niune “ciiu aeeaeaeoaai ?acaeoey”, a
iiae?inoeiaii e ?aiiai thiioaneii aic?anoa ninoieo a iniciaiee
oeieueieeaie a oieeaeueiinoe naiae ee/iinoe, naiae eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoe.
Ia iaei aaaeii ioiaoeoue o?oaeiinoe naycaiiua n ee/iinoueth ineoieiaa:
oieueei auniei – i?aanoaaiiue o?iaaiue e ee/iinoiay c?aeinoue ineoieiaa
niiniaiu nicaeaoue ii/ao aeey ?acaeoey ee/iinoe e eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoe
o/aueony; oieueei aunieee i?ioanneiiaeeci ineoieiaa iicaieeo aio ia
iaaycuaaoue ?aaaieo naieo acaeyaeia, ia noa?aoueny (oioy au e iaaieueii)
ainieoaoue ?aaaiea ii naiaio ia?aco e iiaeiaeth, a niinianoaiaaoue
?acaeoeth ineoieiae/aneeo ia?aciaaiee, iaania/eaathueo aicieeiiaaiea e
oe?aieaiea nianoaaiiuo acaeyaeia, iiaiee, ioeaiie, ia?aaeeaaiee,
ioiioaiee e no?aieaiee oeieueieea.
2§ I?ia?aiia ?acaeoey a?aiaiiie ia?niaeoeau e niiniaiinoae e
oeaeaeaiieaaaieth aeey o/aueony 15-17
Oeaeue yoie ?acaeaathuae i?ia?aiiu aeey ?aaiou ni noa?oaeeannieeaie –
iiii/ue thiioai e aeaaooeai ii?aaeaeeoue naie aeeciaiiua ieaiu,
i?iynieoue a?aiaiioth ia?niaeoeao aoaeouaai e a eoiaa ia yoii iooe
ia?aaeaeiooueny a ieaia naiaai ee/iinoiiai ?acaeoey naiiii?aaeaeaiey, a
ia?aoaiee nianoaaiiie eaeaioe/iinoe.
Ii/aio oaeay ?aaioa yaeyaony aaaeiie e naiaa?aiaiiie a yoii aic?anoa?
Iauai?eiyoia iieiaeaiea i oii, /oi ia?auaiiinoue a aoaeouaa yaeyaony
aeaaiie /a?oie noa?oaeeannieea, /oi aeeciaiiua ieaiu, ia?niaeoeau
ninoaaeytho “aooaeoeaiue oeaio?” aeecie thiioe, ia icia/aao, /oi yoi
aic?anoiia iiaiia?aciaaiea auc?aaaao naii niaie, iiaeioynue iaeei
aic?anoiui caeiiii ?acaeoey. Iai?ioea, iiae?inoee e thiioe eniuouaatho
ia?iiiua noauaeoeaiua o?oaeiinoe i?e ii?aaeaeaiee naieo aeeciaiiuo
oeaeae e ia?niaeoea. Oae, Y Y?eenii, iiae?iaii aiaeece?oy iauea
caeiiiia?iinoe e ?acee/iua aa?eaiou ?acaeoey a yoii aic?anoa, i?eoiaeeo
e auaiaeo i oii, /oi oeie/iay aeey ?aiiae thiinoe ineoiiaoieiaeae
yaeyaony eiaiii ?anno?ienoai a?aiaiiie ia?niaeoeau. E.N. Eii ieoao, /oi
anee /enei ?aayo, icaai/aiiuo, naiei ianoiyuei “ss”, a iiae?inoeiaii e
thiioaneii aic?anoa i?aeoe/anee iaeeiaeiai, oi a 15-16 eao ?acei
oaaee/eaaaony icaai/aiiinoue naiei aoaeouei “ss”. Ii oaeaea ioia/aao,
/oi ia anai aeaaony eaaei oi?ie?iaaiea iiaie a?aiaiiie ia?niaeoeau,
ia?aaeei iaino?aiiia /oanoai iaia?aoeiinoe a?aiaie ni/aoaaony a
thiioaneii niciaiee n iaaeaeaieai caia/aoue aai oa/aiee n
i?aaeinoaaeaieai i oii, aoaeoi a?aiy inoaiiaeeinue. Ii iiaieth Y.
Y?eeniia, /oanoai inoaiiaee a?aiaie ineoieiae/anee icia/aao eae au
aica?ao e aeaoneiio ninoiyieth, eiaaea a?aiy aua ia nouanoaiaaei a
ia?aaeeaaiee e ia aini?eieiaeinue iniciaiii. Anoue thiioe, eioi?ua aiana
ia oioyo caaeoiuaaoueny iaae aoaeouei, ioeeaaeuaay ana o?oaeiua aii?inu
e ioaaonoaaiiua ?aoaiey “ia iioii”. Ii iiaieth E.N Eiia, onoaiiaea (eae
i?aaeei, iainiciaiiay) ia i?iaeeaiee “yiioe ii?aoi?ey” n aa aanaeueai e
aaccaaioiinoueth ia oieueei nioeeaeueii a?aaeia, ii e iiania aeey naiie
ee/iinoe. Ia?iiiua i?iaeaiu aicieeatho o noa?oaeeannieeia e i?e iiiuoea
niaianoeoue aeeaeiea e aeaeueiea ia?niaeoeau.
Ei anai yoei ineoieiae/aneei o?oaeiinoyi, eioi?ua eniuouaatho thiioe e
aeaaooee ai anai ie?a, a iaoae no?aia aeiaaaeythony e oa, eioi?ua
iaoneiaeaiu iai?inoie naaiaeiy nioeeaeueiie neooaoeeae, ia oiia eioi?ie
i?ienoiaeeo ?acaeoea aeaoae.
Aunieay noaiaiue ianoaaeeueiinoe e iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe aeecie, iaynoiinoue
ia?niaeoea nioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey iauanoaa, iaoa?eaeueiua o?oaeiinoe
aaaeoo e oiio, /oi iiiaea ethaee, e iieiaeua, a /anoiinoe, n aieueoie
o?aaiaie e iianaieai niio?yo a caao?aoiee aeaiue, ia oioyo eee ia iiaoo
naiinoiyoaeueii ?aoeoue, /aai aea iie oioyo io aeecie. A yoeo oneiaeyo
caaea/a ineoieiae/aneie iiiiue a ?acaeoee niiniaiinoe aeaeaoue
ia?niaeoeao naiae aoaeouae aeecie, niiniaiinoe naiiio ii?aaeaeeoue oeaee
naiae aeecie, inaiaiee i?aeoe/aneeo iieaciuo iaaueia ieaie?iaaiey,
niioiioaiea aeeaeiae e aeaeueiae ia?niaeoeau e o.i. noaiiaeony aua aieaa
aaaeiie.
A?aiaiiay ia?niaeoeaa aoaeouaai yaeyaony iaioaeueiie i?iaeoeeae
iioeaaoeeiiiie noa?u /aeiaaea e oaiiiaiaeueii i?aaenoaaeythuay niaie a
?aciie ia?a iniciaiiua iaaeaaeaeu, ieaiu, i?iaeou, no?aieaiey, iianaiey,
i?eoycaiey, naycaiiua n aieaa eee iaiaa ioaeaeaiiui aoaeouei,
oi?ie?oaony ia i?ioyaeaiee anaai aeaonoaa e, aeaaiui ia?acii, noeoeeii:
/a?ac eioa?ei?ecaoeeth oeaiiinoiuo onoaiiaie ?iaeeoaeae, eo iaeeaeaiee a
ioiioaiee aeaiiiai ?aaaiea, /a?ac onaiaiee iauaeoeueoo?iuo, nioeeaeueiuo
ii?i, iaeiiaoe, /a?ac ?acaeoea iioeaaoeee. Noi?ie?iaaaoenue o.i.,
a?aiaiiay ia?niaeoeaa aoaeouaai i?eia?aoaao nianoaaiioth
iiaoaeeoaeueioth neeo, ieacuaay iiuiia ia?aoiia aeeyiea ia ?acaeoea
ee/iinoe /aeiaaea. Iau/ii eeoue a iiae?inoeiaii aic?anoa eee aeaaea a
thiioaneii aic?anoa /aeiaae ia/eiaao nai no?ieoue naith ia?niaeoeao
aoaeouaai, oi?ie?oao aeey naay nianoaaiiua ieaiu, iaia?aiey,
caaeoiuaaaony iaae oai, eai e eaeei aio oioaeinue au auoue a aoaeouai.
Ii e yoi /?acau/aeii aaaeiay ?aaioa aeaeaaony, eae i?aaeei, o?uaeaie, ia
nenoaiaoe/anee, io neo/ay e neo/ath, /anoi noaiiaynue a ?acoeueoaoa ia
oieueei aaniieaciie, ii e a?aaeiie, i?eia?aoay oi?io oao naiuo ionouo
oaioacee, n eioi?uie oae ethayo ai?ioueny noi?iiieee aaooaeueo – oa?aiee
e aeeceeo e iae iai?aaeaiee, aica?auathueo /aeiaaea e aai ia?aaeeaaieyi
“caeanue e oaia?ue”
I?ia?aiia:
A ia/aea iaiaoiaeeii noi?ie?iaaoue niioaaonoaothuoth iioeaaoeeth
i?ia?aiio aeey iineaaeothueo caiyoee.
Eiiaaea e?aoeee ?anneac i oii eae aaaeiu oeaeaiieaaaiea e a?aiaiiua
ia?niaeoeau, ia anaaaea aoaeao aeinoaoi/iui. Noa?oaeeanniee , a
iniaaiiinoe thiioe , ia?aiia/aeueii ioiinyony neaioe/anee. Iiiaia ia
yoii yoaia caaeneo, n iaeiie noi?iiu, io naiiai ineoieiaa, aai
ia?niiaeueiuo aiciiaeiinoae e niiniaiinoe oaaaeeoue a /ai-oi
thiioaneoth aoaeeoi?eth, a n ae?oaie – io oiai, a eiioaenoa eaeie aieaa
oe?ieie aeayoaeueiinoe aoaeao i?ioiaeeoue yoio o?aieia: iaeii aeaei,
anee ii aoaeao /anoueth nenoaiaoe/aneeo caiyoee ii ineoieiaee (oeia
oeieueiuo o?ieia eee e?oaeea), ae?oaia aeaei, anee yoi aoaeao o?aaiaioii
eaeeo-oi ineoioa?aiaaoe/aneeo (eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo eee a?oiiiauo) caiyoee.
A ethaii neo/aa aia/aea iieacii i?inoi ?anneacaoue noa?oaeeannieeai i
oii, eaeoth aaaeioth ?ieue a aeecie /aeiaaea, a ?acaeoee aai ee/iinoe
ea?atho iaeaieueooth ?ieue oaeea ia ia?aue acaeyae eaaeoueany
yoaia?iuie ia?aciaaiey, eae oeaee, i?aaenoaaeaiey i aoaeouai e o.i. Ia
yoii ia?aii iioeae?othuai yoaia ?aaiou iiaeii eniieueciaaoue
?aaeeeaeueioth iiceoeeth. Ciaiaieoay “ineoieeaa?iaoeea Iieueoea
iniiauaaaony ia neaaeothuai oacena: “*aeiaa/aneee iica e any ia?aiay
nenoaia aeaenoaotho oeaeaiai?aaeaiii, a niioaaonoaee n i?eioeeiii
inouanoaeaiey ee/iinoiuo oeaeae. Iie ooieoeeiie?otho eae aaeeeieaiiue ,
” iai?aaeaiiue ia caaeaiioth oeaeue iaoaieci” eae naiaai ?iaea
eaoaeecaoi? eioi?ue ?aaioaao ia aan, eae “iaoaieci oniaoa ” eee
“iaoaieci iaoaea/”, a caaeneiinoe io oiai, eae Au, iia?aoi?, oi?aaeyaoa
i?aaieciii eae onoaiaaeeaaaoa aio oeaee ”
No?aieaiea e iiceoeaiie oeaee aeey Iieueoea – eeth/ e n/anoeeaie aeecie;
“Ninoiyiey n/anouey e anoue i?eciae ii?iaeueiie , anoanoaaiiie
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe. Eiaaea /aeiaae aeaenoaoao oeaeaiai?aaeaiii, ii
iau/ii /oanoaoao naay n?aaieoaeueii n/anoeeaui ”
Eiioeaioeey I. Iieueoea i?aaenoaaeyaony iniaaiii i?eaeaeaoaeueiie aeey
?aaiou ni noa?oeie, o.e. nouanoaoao onoie/eaue noa?aioei, eioi?ue
naycuaaao neiaa “oeaeue ” e “ieai” ni neo/iie, iaeioa?aniie e /anoi
aaniieaciie ?aaioie, iai?aaeaiiie ia eo aeinoeaeaiey, ia eo
aeinoeaeaiey, eiaaea nia?aa anth naith aieth e, ioiaeaeioa ana, /oi
oaaa a aeecie i?eyoii e eioa?anii, ou aeieaeai a iioa eeoea ?aaeeciaaoue
yoio ieai eee oeaeue. A Iieueoe ianoaeaaao ia i?yii i?ioeaiiieiaeiii, ia
oii, /oi a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe aeinoeaiooue oeaee iiaeii iai?ioea, eeoue
?anneaaeaoenue, caaua i?i aieaaua oneeey, eioi?ua oieueei a?aaeyo. Anee
oeaeue ynia e neeueia, iia aoaeao aeaenoaiaaoue naia
1 yoai.
O.I. caaea/a ia?aiai yoaia ?aaiou – iieacaoue noa?oaeeannieeai
/?acau/aeioth aaaeiinoue ii?aaeaeaiey nianoaaiiuo oeaeae, oaaaeeoue eo
a oii, /oi i?aaenoiyuee o?aieia aeano ei a ?oee oaeea ineoieiae/aneea
eino?oiaiou, eioi?ua iicaieyo ei noaoue a aeecie ia iaoaea/ieeaie, a
iiaaaeeoaeyie, iao/ao iieueciaaoueny anaie naieie eo/oeie, neeueiuie
noi?iiaie aeey oiai, /oiau aeinoe/ue yoeo oeaeae.
2 yoai:
Iiaeii aeaeaoue naiiio, a iaeeii/anoaa, oiaaea ineoieia aoaeao
aunooiaoue a ea/anoaa eino?oiaioa, eiinoeueoaioa, eioi?ue a caaeneiinoe
io iauaai eiioaenoa aeayoaeueiinoe iiaeao eeai iineaaeiaaoaeueii
aaiaeeoue yoe ineoioaoie/aneea oi?aaeiaiey, eeai aeaeaoue eo n?aco, a
caoai ii ia?a iaiaoiaeeiinoe, ianoaeaeaoue n iieiaeuie ethaeueie
ioaeaeueiua yoaiu, aicieeathuea aii?inu. Ii aiciiaeia e eieeaeoeaiay
oi?ia ?aaiou.
Eae aea ioaaoeoue ia naiue o?oaeiue e aeaaiue aii?in – /aai ou oi/aoue?
Eae iao/eony oi?ioee?iaaoue naie oeaee? Eae oeene?iaaoue yoi a naiai
niciaiea? E?aoei iiaeii ioaaoeoue oae: iaaei ia/oaoue, ii aeaeaoue yoi
i/aiue nin?aaeioi/aii. *oiau iiae?iaii ioaaoeoue, iieacii ia?aoeony e
neaaeothuei ineoieiae/aneei oi?aaeiaieyi:
1. Aicueieoa ea?aiaeao e aoiaao. Ono?ieoanue iioaeiaiaa, oai, aaea au
/oanoaoaoa naay iaeneiaeueii eiioi?oii. A oaia?ue iinoa?aeoanue, ia
noaay naaa ie eaeeo (!) ia?aie/aiee, ia?eniaaoue naith aoaeouoth aeeciue
– oae, eae au oioaee au, /oiau iia neiaeeeanue, n oaie aei?iaaie, ii
eioi?ui au oioaee au i?ieoe, n oaie aa?oeiaie, ia eioi?ua au oioaee au
acaeoe.
Ia/ieoa ni nienea oiai, i /ai au ia/oaaoa, eai oioeoa noaoue, eaeei
oioeoa noaoue, aaea aeeoue, /ai caieiaoueny, /oi eiaoue. Nin?aaei/oanue
e a oa/aiea 10 – 15 ieioo canoaaueoa naie ea?aiaeao ?aaioaoue.
*oanoaoeoa naay ei?ieai, aeaeoa aieth naiaio aiia?aaeaieth, ioa?anuaaeoa
ia?aie/aiey.
Caienuaaeoa oi, /aai au au oioaee a ?acoeueoaoa aeinoe/ue, neaaeoeoa
i?aaeeai: a) oi?ie?oeoa naie ia/ou a iiceoeaiuo oa?ieiao, ia ieoeoa,
/aai au au ia oioaee, oieueei oi, e /aio au no?aieoanue; a) aoaeueoa
i?aaeaeueii eiie?aoiu; iinoa?aeoanue ynii i?aaenoaaeoue naaa, eae yoi
auaeyaeeo, eae iaoiao, eae cao/eo, eaeiai ia iuoiue; /ai naini?ii aiaa/a
aaoe iienaiey, oai aieaa iii, caaeaenoaoao aao iica aeey aeinoeaeaiey
oeaee; a) iinoa?aeoanue ninoaaeoue yniia i?aaenoaaeaiea i ?acoeueoaoa:
/oi eiaiii aoaeao, eiaaea au aeinoeaiaoa naiae oeaee, /oi au aoaeaoa
oiaaea /oanoaiaaoue, /oi e eoi aan aoaeao ie?oaeaoue, eae ociaoue, /oi
au aeinoeaee oiai, e /aio no?aieeenue; a) aaaeii oi?ioee?iaaoue oaeea
oeaee, aeinoeaeaiea eioi?uo a i?eioeeia caaeneo io aan; ia iaaei
?ann/eouaaoue ia oi, /oi eoi oi aeieaeai naeaeaoue e oiaaea ana aoaeao
oi?ioi; oi e /aio au no?aieoanue aeieaeii i?eiaaeeaaeaoue aai,
enoiaeeoue io aan, auoue aaoei; ae.) ni?iaoee?iaaa a aoaeouaa
iineaaenoaey aaoeo naaiaeiyoieo oeaeae, iiaeoiaeoa, ia iaianoo ee iie
oua?aa ae?oaei ethaeyi, aaoe ?acoeueoaou aeieaeiu i?eiineoue iieueco e
aai e ae?oaei, iie aeieaeiu auoue “yeieiae/anee /enou”.
Yoe iyoue i?aaee iaaei iiiieoue e o/eouaaoue i?e aeaeueiaeoae ?aaioa.
Ia aeaiiii yoaia iiaeii ainiieueciaaoueny ?enoieii, yoi oiaea
yooaeoeaiue i?eai. Iiaeii i?aaeeiaeeoue noa?oaeeannieeai i?aaenoaaeoue
naaa anth naith aaaeothuoth aeeciue eae ooaeiaeanoaaiiue oeeuei, a
eioi?ii eaaeaeue ec ieo ea?aao aeaaioth ?ieue yaeyynue iaeiia?aiaiii e
noeaia?enoii, e ?aaeenna?ii, e aeaoaeoi?ii ea?oeiu. I?e yoii eaaeaeue
aieai, auae?aoue, i /ai aoaeao yoio oeeuei, eaeea aoaeoo aeaenoaiaaoue a
iai ia?niiaaee, aaea aoaeoo i?ienoiaeeoue niauoey. Ia/aoue ?aaioo iaae
yoei oeeueiii neaaeoao n oiai, /oi ia?eniaaoue ia aoiaaa ii?o?ao aa?iy
aoaeouaai oeeueia. Yoi aeieaeai auoue ii?o?ao naay oaeiai, eaeei
oioaeinue au noaoue. Aeinoieinoaii ?enoiea yaeyaony ia oieueei oi, /oi
ii iaiin?aaenoaaiii caaeaenoaoao, ii e oi, /oi aeey aieueoeinoaa
noa?oaeeannieeia ?eniaaiea – aeaeaei iai?eau/iia ?ooeiiia caiyoea, a
yiioeeiiaeueii ca?aceoaeueiia iicaieythuaa iaeneiaeueii ?anoi?iiceoueny,
niyoue aa?uea? aeaoue aieth aiia?aaeaiey.
2. Ia neaaeothuai yoaia neaaeoao i?iniio?aoue inoaaeaiiue ?aiaa nienie,
i?eniio?aoueny e ia?eniaaiiiio ii?o?aoo e ii?aaeaeeoue, a eaeie
a?aiaiiie naoea auiieiaia ?aaioa oi/ao ee o/aueeny ana oi i /ai iaienae,
eiaoue oaea caao?a eee, iai?ioea, oeaeue ioiineony e aanueia
ioaeaeaiiiio aoaeouaio, niioaaonoaaiii a ia?aii neo/aa iaaei iiaeoiaoue
i aeaeueiae ia?niaeoeaa, a ai aoi?ii – i aeeaeaeoeo oeaeyo ieaiao,
oaaao. Aaaeii eiaoue i?aaenoaaeaiea e i ia?aii yoaia e i iineaaeiai.
3. Oaia?ue ec oiai, /oi iaienaii aua?aoue /aou?a naiuo aaaeiuo ia yoio
aiae oeaeae, aua?aoue oi, /oi a neo/aa ?aaeecaoeee, aeinoeaeaiea oeaee
aeinoaaeo naiia aieueoia oaeiaieuenoaea, /oi aieueoa anaai aieioao.
Auienaoue yoe /aou?a oeaee, caoai iaienaoue, ii/aio oi/ii oaa?ai, /oi
naiia aaaeiia. Anee ianeaaeoaiue oi/ii ciaao, ii/aio yoi oae aeey iaai
aaaeii, oi ii iaeaeao, eae e yoiio i?eeoe. Caeanue “ii/aio” iaiiiai
aaaeiaa, /ai “eae”.
4. Oaia?ue, eiaaea ninoaaeai nienie ec /aou?ao aeaaiuo, eeth/aauo
oeaeae, iaiaoiaeeii aiiaue iiniio?aoue eo /a?ac i?ecio noi?ioee?iaaiiuo
auoa i?aaee o.a. ooi/ieoue:
– noi?ioee?iaaiiay ee eaaeaeay oeaeue a iiceoeaiuo oa?ieiao
– eiie?aoia ee yoa oi?ioee?iaea
-anoue ee yniia i?aaenoaaeaiea i ?acoeueoaoa
-iiaeeiio?ieueii ee aeinoeaeaiea yoie oeaee
-ianeieueei oeaeue “yoe/anee /enoa”.
Anee /oi-oi iaiaoiaeeii eni?aaeoue, iaaei yoe eni?aaeaiey aianoe.
5. Oaia?ue iaaei ninoaaeoue nienie oao iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey aeinoeaeaiey
oeaeae ?ano?nia, eioi?uie ianeaaeoaiue oaea iaeaaeaao.
Iienaoue, /oi oaea anoue – yoi iiaoo auoue eaeea-oi /a?ou oa?aeoa?a,
ae?ocuey, eioi?ua iiaeaea?aeao, oeiainiaua ?ano?nu, o?iaaiue
ia?aciaaiey, a?aiy, o.e. iaaei ciaoue, eaeea anoue a iaee/ee ?ano?nu.
6. Caoai, iaaei iii?iaiaaoue i?eiiiieoue neo/ae ec aeecie eiaaea oaea
auee aeinoeaioou oniaoe. E eaeea i?e yoii ec auoaia?a/eneaiiuo ?ano?nia
auee iaeneiaeueii yooaeoeaiu.
7. Iinea yoiai neaaeoao iienaoue, eaeei /aeiaaeii iaaei auoue, /oiau
aeinoeaiooue yoeo oeaeae. Iaaei iinoa?aoueny caiieieoue caienyie, eae
ieieioi iaeio no?aieoeo.
8. Oaia?ue a ianeieueeeo oacenao neaaeoao noi?ioee?iaaoue, /oi
i?aiyonoaoao eiaoue ana oi, i /ai ia/oaaony, e /aio no?aieony, i?yii
nae/an.
*oi eiie?aoii iaoaao. *oi ia?aie/eaaao. O eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea anoue
niiniau noaaeoue naaa ia?aie/aiey, naie ee/iua, “ecethaeaiiua no?aieaiey
aaaeouea e ii?aaeaieth”, ii anee yoi iniciaaony, oi iiaeii ecaaaeony io
yoeo ia?aie/aiee.
9. Ia yoii yoaia iaaei aeey eaaeaeie ec 4 aua?aiiuo oeaeae ninoaaeoue
/a?iiaee iioaaiaiai ieaia aeey aa aeinoeaeaiey.
Ia/aoue neaaeoao n eiia/iiai ?acoeueoaoa, a iioii oaa ca oaaii
nieaie?iaaoue aanue iooue aieioue aei oiai, /oi iiaeii naeaeaoue ii
yoiio ieaio i?yii nae/an.
Caaea/a neaaeothuaai oaaa – ?ac?aaioea nianoaaiiie no?aoaaee
aeinoeaeaiey oniaoa.
10. Iiaeii ainiieueciaaoueny neaaeothueie iiaeaeyie:
caieoeoa eiaia 3-5 /aeiaae, eioi?ua oaea aeiaeeenue oiai, e /aio au
no?aieeenue. A ianeieueeeo neiaao iieoeoa eo ee/iinoiua ea/anoaa e
iiaaaeaiea eioi?ua i?eaaee eo e oniaoo.
Iinea yoiai cae?ieoa aeaca e i?aaenoaaueoa, /oi eaaeaeue ec yoeo iyoa?uo
niae?aaony aai aeaoue niaao, eae eo/oa anaai aeinoe/ue oeaee. Caieoeoa
iniiaiua eaeath oiai, /oi iie neaaeoo. Caienaoue iaaei oi ia?aia, /oi
i?eaeao a aieiao.
11. Ia?eniaaoue iuneaiii naie eaeaaeueiue aeaiue.
Oi?ioi eiaoue iiiai ?aciuo eaeae, ii a ii?aaeaeaiiii niunea eo/oa eiaoue
oeaeinoiua i?aaenoaaeaiey i oii, /oi iie, ana aianoa aoaeoo icia/aoue.
Aeey yoiai iieacii ia?eniaaoue eaeaaeueiue aeaiue. Yoi iia auoue
iuneaiiue ?enoiie, ii iia auoue e ?aaeueiue.
12. A oaia?ue neaaeoao iienaoue eaeaaeueiia ie?oaeaiea.
Aeey yoiai ioaeii aeoeaioe?iaaoue cia/aiey ianoa, ia noaay ieeaeeo
ia?aie/aiee. Yoi iiaeao auoue ean, aa?aa ica?a, oeea?iue ioen, e o. ae.
Eaeea ethaee aan ie?oaeatho? I?e yoii iicao iaiaoiaeei /aoeee, yniue
noieone?iaaiiue neaiae, /oiau ca?aaioae ioanaiiue Iieueoeai iaoaieci
aaoiiaoe/aneiai iiaaaeaiey ia oeaeue. Iiyoiio ana auoaia?a/eneaiiua
oi?aaeiaiey i/aiue iieaciu.
Nia/aea ana yoe oi?aaeiaiey auiieieoue ia i/aiue i?inoi, ii iioii yoi
noaiiaeoueny ia oieueei eaa/a, ii e caieiaoaeueiaa. Eiia/ii, oaeiaii
i?inoi aeeoue, /ai nicaeaaaoue, niciaoaeueii eiino?oe?iaaoue naith
aeeciue, iaeiaei iaaei iiiieoue, /oi a aeecie anyeee oniao – ?acoeueoao
oyaeaeiai o?oaea.
Iieacii ?aaoey?ii i?iniao?eaaoue n ea?aiaeaoii e aoiaaie – naie
aeeciaiiua oeaee e iaiyoue eo, anee /oi-oi a aeecie eciaieeinue. Oi?ioi
aeey yoiai eiaoue niaoeeaeueioth oao?aaeue e caaeyaeuaaoue ooaea oioy au
?ac a iieaiaea.
Caeeth/aiea.
“I?ia?aiia ?acaeoey a?aiaiiie ia?niaeoeau e niiniaiinoe e
oeaeaiieaaaieth aeey o/aueony 15-17 eao.” iiiiaaao ia?aoeoue aieiaiea
ineoieiaa ia iaoiaeu iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee i iiae?inoeao eioi?ua
iaiaoiaeeiu aeey aeoeaiie ?aaiou n ieie, iineieueeo eiaiii ciaiea
i?iaeai ?aaaiea iicaieyao ?ac?aaioaoue niaea?aeaoaeueioth noi?iio ethaie
i?ia?aiiu. E caoai ii?aaeaeeoue iieaciinoue e yooaeoeaiinoue
i?iaaaeaiiuo caiyoee.
Aeaeeia?aoey.
1. Aiaeiae/ E.E. Ee/iinoue e aa oi?ie?iaaiea a aeaoneii aic?anoa. Iineaa
1968a.
2. Iaoiaee/aneea oeacaiey e eco/aieth ineoieiae/aneeo aeenoeeieei.
?aaeaeoeey Aiiaci I.A. Iineaa 1991 a.
3. Oienouo I.I. Ineoieiae/aneay oaoiieiaey ?acaeoey a?aiaiiie
ia?niaeoeau e ee/iinoiie i?aaiecaoeee a?aiaie. Aeoeaiua iaoiaeu a ?aaioa
oeieueiiai ineoieiaa. Ee?ia 19991 a.
4. Oi?ie?iaaiea ee/iinoe a ia?aoiaeiue ia?eiae iae iiae?inoeiaiai e
thiioaneiio aic?anoo (iiae ?aaeaeoeeae E.A Aeoa?iaeiie) Iineaa 1987 a.
5. Oi?ie?iaaiea ee/iinoe noa?oaeeannieeia (iiae ?aaeaeoeeae E.A
Aeoa?iaeiie) Iineaa 1989 a
.
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