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Ieienoa?noai iauaai e niaoeeaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey

?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee

Eaia?ianeee ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao

TH?eaee/aneee oaeoeueoao

Eaoaae?a ainoaea?noaaiiiai e aaeieieno?aoeaiiai i?aaa

EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA

ii aeenoeeieeia:

“Iaaeaeoia?iaeiia i?aai”

Oaia: “Iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaay io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu”

Nooaeaioee 1 eo?na ICI

2-ai aunoaai ia?aciaaiey

a?oiiu TH-11

Aa?aaao Aeaoa?eiu Ieeieaaaiu

Eaia?iai 1998a.

1. Aicieeiiaaiea e ?acaeoea iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai yeieiae/aneiai i?aaa.

Iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaay io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu – niaieoiiinoue
i?eioeeiia e ii?i iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa, ninoaaeythueo niaoeeoe/aneoth
io?aneue yoie nenoaiu i?aaa e ?aaoee?othueo aeaenoaey aai noauaeoia (a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ainoaea?noa) ii i?aaeioa?auaieth, ia?aie/aieth e
ono?aiaieth oua?aa ie?oaeathuae n?aaea ec ?acee/iuo enoi/ieeia, a
oaeaea ii ?aoeeiiaeueiiio, yeieiae/anee iainiiaaiiiio eniieueciaaieth
i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia.

Iiiyoea “ie?oaeathuay n?aaea” ioaaouaaao oe?ieee e?oa yeaiaioia,
naycaiiuo n oneiaeyie nouanoaiaaiey /aeiaaea. Iie ?ani?aaeaeythony ii
o?ai a?oiiai iauaeoia: iauaeou anoanoaaiiie (aeeaie) n?aaeu (oei?a,
oaoia); iauaeou iaaeeaie n?aaeu (ii?neea e i?aniiaiaeiua aannaeiu –
aeae?inoa?a), aicaeooiue aannaei (aoiinoa?a), ii/aa (eeoinoa?a),
ieieicaiiia einie/aneia i?ino?ainoai; iauaeou “eneonnoaaiiie” n?aaeu,
nicaeaiiie /aeiaaeii a i?ioeanna aai acaeiiaeaenoaey n i?e?iaeie. A
niaieoiiinoe ana yoi ninoaaeyao nenoaio ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, eioi?ay a
caaeneiinoe io oa??eoi?eaeueiie noa?u iiaeao auoue iiae?acaeaeaia ia
aeiaaeueioth, ?aaeiiaeueioth e iaoeeiiaeueioth. Oaeei ia?acii, caueoa
(io?aia) ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu ia aaeaeaaoia caueoa (io?aia) i?e?iaeu.
Aicieeioa a ia/aea 50-o aiaeia eae io?aia i?e?iaeu e aa ?ano?nia io
enoiuaiey e i?aneaaeoy ia noieueei io?aiiua, neieueei yeiiiie/aneea
oeaee, a 70-a aiaeu yoa caaea/a iiae aicaeaenoaeai iauaeoeaiuo
oaeoi?ia o?ainoi?ie?iaaeanue a caueoo ie?oaeathuae /aeiaaea n?aaeu,
aieaa oi/ii io?aaeathuoth neiaeeaoothny eiiieaenioth aei aaeueioth
i?iaeaio.

Iiiyoea “ie?oaeathuay n?aaea” ia?aaiicia/ii ii niaea?aeaieth e
iiiyoeth “yeieiaey”, oae eae iineaaeiaa iaicia/aao iaoeo ia ioiioaieyo
aeeauo i?aaieciia e ia?acoaiuo eie niiauanoa iaaeaeo niaie e
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeie.

Ianiio?y ia oi /oi iniiaiiieaaathuaa cia/aiea i?e?iaeiiai,
anoanoaaiiiai oaeoi?a a i?ioeanna iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey auei
iaicia/aii ii/oe aeaa aaea iacaae, aei na?aaeeiu 60-o aiaeia iuiaoiaai
noieaoey caueoa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu ia auaeaeaaeanue eae
naiinoiyoaeueiay iieeoe/aneay i?iaeaia, a aa iao/iia iainiiaaiea a
ea/anoaa iiiaiio?aneaaie, eiiieaeniie, aeiaaeueiie i?iaeaiu ia auei
aeinoaoi/ii ?ac?aaioaii. Oieueei aeeiaie/iia ?acaeoea a 70 – 80-a aiaeu
iao/iuo iniia aeiaaeueiuo i?iaeai a ca?oaaaeiie e ioa/anoaaiiie
iao/iie eeoa?aoo?a iicaieeei iainii?eii auaeaeeoue i?aaiaua ii?iu,
ioiinyueany e caueoa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, a iniaoth a?oiio.

Iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaay caueoa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu /aoei auaeaeeeanue a
ianoiyuaa a?aiy a nenoaia iauaai iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa eae
naiinoiyoaeueiay, niaoeeoe/aneay noa?a ?aaoee?iaaiey. Aicieeiiaaiea
ana iiauo aeaeia e iaeanoae acaeiiaeaenoaey /aeiaaea n ie?oaeathuae aai
n?aaeie ?anoe?yao i?aaeiao iaaeaeoia?iaeii i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey ii
caueoa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia aeaaiuie e onoiyaoeieny
iiaeii n/eoaoue: i?aaeioa?auaiea, nie?auaiea e ono?aiaiea oua?aa
ie?oaeathuae n?aaea ec ?acee/iuo enoi/ieeia (a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
iin?aaenoaii caa?yciaiey); iaania/aiea yeieiae/anee iainiiaaiiiai
?aaeeia ?aoeeiiaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia;
iaania/aiea eiiieaeniiai ?aaeeia io?aiu enoi?e/aneeo iaiyoieeia e
i?e?iaeiuo ?aca?aaoia; iao/ii-oaoie/aneia nio?oaeie/anoai ainoaea?noa a
nayce n caueoie ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu.

Nenoaia iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey caueou ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu iaeaaeaao aioo?aiiae no?oeoo?ie, aeinoaoi/ii onoie/eauie
acaeiinaycyie, a oaeaea nianoaaiiie ii?iaoeaiie iniiaie e enoi/ieeaie.
A ioa/anoaaiiie i?aaiaie iaoea auneacuaaeinue aaoi?eoaoiia iiaiea, /oi
iia iaeaaeaao e nianoaaiiuie einoeoooaie. I?aeoe/anee onoiyeny oa?iei
“iaaeaeoia?iaeiia i?aai ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu” (IIIN).

Iaeiaei no?oeoo?iia oi?ie?iaaiea IIIN iiea ia caaa?oaii.
Naeaeaoaeuenoai oiio – nio?aiythuaany oyaioaiea iaeioi?uo i?eioeeiia e
ii?i, eanathueony caueou ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, e ae?oaei io?aneyi
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa, iniaaiii e ii?neiio e aicaeooiiio. ?a/ue eaeao
i oao oanii naycaiiuo n ?ano?niiieueciaaieai io?aneyo e einoeoooao
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa, a ?aieao eioi?uo ia/eiaei oi?ie?iaaoueny
IIIN. E?iia yoiai oi?ie?othueany niaoeeaeueiua i?eioeeiu e ii?iu ii
caueoa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu iaaeinoaoi/ii eiie?aoiu.

Ieii/aoaeueiiio caaa?oaieth oi?ie?iaaiey IIIN eae naiinoiyoaeueiie
io?anee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie niinianoaiaaea
au aai eiaeeoeeaoeey. Yoio aii?in iaiaeiie?aoii auaeaeaaeny a ?aieao
I?ia?aiiu III ii ie?oaeathuae n?aaea (THIAI). Oieaa?naeueiue
eiaeeoeeaoeeiiiue aeo ii aiaeiaee n ae?oaeie io?aneyie iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai
i?aaa iicaieee au nenoaiaoece?iaaoue neiaeeaoeany a aeaiiie noa?a
i?eioeeiu e ii?iu, cae?aiea oai naiui i?aaiaoth iniiao ?aaiii?aaiiai e
acaeiiauaiaeiiai nio?oaeie/anoaa ainoaea?noa a oeaeyo iaania/aiey
yeieiae/aneie aaciianiinoe.

I?eioeeiu iaaeaeoea?iaeeiai i?aaa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu

Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu. Eaaeaeia ainoaea?noai, inouanoaeyy i?aai ia
i?iaaaeaiea a ioiioaiee iaoeeiiaeueiie nenoaiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu
iaiaoiaeeiie aio iieeoeee, aeieaeii niaethaeaoue i?e yoii
iauai?eciaiiua i?eioeeiu e ii?iu nia?aiaiiiai iaaeaeoia?iae iiai i?aaa.
N iaino?aieai i?iaeaiu ia?aiina caa?yciaiey ca i?aaeaeu oa??eoi?ee
iaeiiai ainoaea?noaa ia aieueoea ?annoiyiey (o?aina?aie/iia
caa?yciaiea) aaaeiia cia/aiea i?eia?aoaao niaethaeaiea oaeeo
ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo i?eioeeiia, eae oaaaeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai
noaa?aieoaoa, noaa?aiiia ?aaainoai ainoaea?noa, oa??eoi?eaeueiay
iai?eeiniiaaiiinoue e oeaeinoiinoue, nio?oaeie/anoai, ie?iia ?ac?aoaiea
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo nii?ia, iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaay ioaaonoaaiiinoue. Ec
ieo enoiaeyo ana aeiaiai?u ii caueoa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu.

Niaoeeaeueiua i?eioeeiu. Caueoa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu ia aeaai iuiaoiaai
e aoaeoueo iieieaiee – iaiauathuee i?eioeei a ioiioaiee anae
niaieoiiinoe niaoeeaeueiuo i?eioeeiia e ii?i IIIN. Aai nooue naiaeeony
e iaycaiiinoe ainoaea?noa a aeooa nio?oaeie/anoaa ia aeaai ianoiyuaai e
aoaeoueo iieieaiee i?aaei?eieiaoue ana iaiaoiaeeiua aeaenoaey ii
nio?aiaieth e iiaeaea?aeaieth ea/anoaa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, aeeth/ay
ono?aiaiea io?eoeaoaeueiuo aeey iaa iineaaenoaee, a oaeaea ii
?aoeeiiaeueiiio e iao/ii iainiiaaiiiio oi?aaeaieth i?e?iaeiuie
?ano?naie.

Iaaeiionoeiinoue iaianaiey o?aina?aie/iiai oua?aa. Aeaiiue i?eioeei
cai?auaao oaeea aeaenoaey ainoaea?noa a i?aaeaeao naiae th?enaeeeoeee
eee eiio?iey, eioi?ua iaiineee au oua?a eiino?aiiui iaoeeiiaeueiui
nenoaiai ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e ?aeiiai iauaai iieueciaaiey. Auoaeay ec
ooiaeaiaioaeueiiai i?eioeeia oaaaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai noaa?aieoaoa,
yoio niaoeeaeueiue i?eioeei IIIN iaeaaaao ii?aaeaeaiiua ia?aie/aiey ia
aeaenoaey ainoaea?noa ia naiae oa??eoi?ee, a oaeaea iiae?acoiaaaao
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ainoaea?noa ca iaianaiea yeieiae/aneiai oua?aa nenoaiai
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu ae?oaeo ainoaea?noa e ?aeiiia iauaai iieueciaaiey.
Aia?aua yoio i?eioeei aue noi?ioee?iaai a noieaieueineie Aeaeea?aoeee
III ii i?iaeaiai ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu 1972 aiaea. A iineaaeothuai ii
aue oe?iei iiaeoaa?aeaeai iaaeaeoia?iaeiie i?aeoeeie e iieo/ee
i?aeoe/anee oieaa?naeueiia i?eciaiea.

Yeieiae/anee iainiiaaiiia ?aoeeiiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea i?e ?iaeiuo
?ano?nia auei i?iaicaeaoaii a ea/anoaa iieeoe/aneiai o?aaiaaiey a
aeaiiie Aeaeea?aoeee III e ia i?ioyaeaiee iineaaeo thueo eao
aiaae?yeinue a iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaoth i?aeoeeo. Ii ianiio?y ia
aeinoaoi/ii oe?ieia aeiaiai?iia i?eiaiaiea, yoio i?eioeei iaeaaeaao
iiea neeoeii iauei niaea?aeaieai, ioaeaeathueiny a /aoeii aaeeiiia?aciii
oieeiaaiee. Aai oa?aeoa?ecotho neaaeothuea yeaiaiou: ?aoeeiiaeueiia
ieaie?iaaiea e oi?aaeaiea aiciaiiaeyaiuie e iaaiciaiiaeyaiuie
?ano?naie Caiee a eioa?anao iuiaoiaai e aoaeoueo iieieaiee;
aeieain?i/iia ieaie?iaaiea yeieiae/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe n iaania/aieai
yeieiae/aneie ia?niaeoeau; ioeaiea aiciiaeiuo iineaaenoaee
aeayoaeueiinoe ainoaea?noa a i?aaeaeao naiae oa??eoi?ee, cii
th?enaeeeoeee eee eiio?iey aeey nenoai ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu ca yoeie
i?aaeaeaie; iiaeaea?aeaiea eniieuecoaiuo i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia ia
iioeiaeueii aeiionoeiii o?iaia, oi anoue o?iaia, i?e eioi?ii aiciiaeia
iaeneiaeueii /enoay i?iaeoeoeaiinoue e ia iiaeao iaaethaeaoueny
oaiaeaioeey e aa nieaeaieth; iao/ii iainiiaaiiia oi?aaeaiea aeeauie
?ano?naie.

I?eioeei iaaeiionoeiinoe ?aaeeiaeoeaiiai ca?aaeaiey ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu
ioaaouaaao eae aiaiioth, oae e ie?ioth iaeanoue eniieueciaaiey yaea?iie
yia?aaoeee. Oi?ie?iaaiea e ooaa?aeaeaiea yoiai niaoeeaeueiiai
i?eioeeia IIIN eaeao eae aeiaiai?iui, oae e iau/iui iooai, n
niaethaeaieai ainoaea?noaaie nouanoaothuae iaaeaeoia?iaeiie i?aeoeee.
A yoie nayce a ioa/anoaaiiie i?aaiaie eeoa?aoo?a iainiiaaiii
iiae/a?eeaaeinue, /oi iaeiie ec noi?ii i?ioeanna noaiiaeaiey a
nia?aiaiiii iaaeaeoia?iaeiii i?aaa i?eioeeia iaaeiionoeiinoe
?aaeeiaeoeaiiai ca?aaeaiey ieaiaou yaeyaony niaethaeaiea i?aaeea,
eneeth/athuaai “ie?iia” a?aaeiiiniia ca?aaeaiea aeinoa?u iooiaeaie
aoiiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, o?ainii?oa e o.ae. Yeaiaiou i?eioeeia
iaaeiionoeiinoe ?aaeeiaeoeaii ai ca?aaeaiey ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu
(iai?eia?, aeaenoaothuay ii?ia i cai?auaiee ?aaeeiaeoeaiiai ca?aaeaiey
aoiinoa?u, einie/aneiai i?ino?ainoaa e aeia Ie?iaiai ieaaia a
?acoeueoaoa eniuoaoaeueiuo yaea?iuo ac?uaia, a oaeaea iaeioi?ua aua
oi?ie?othoeany ii?iu) aeieaeiu ninoaaeoue iaeii ec aaaeiaeoeo caaiueaa
iaoaiecia caueou ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu.

I?eioeei caueou yeieiae/aneeo nenoai Ie?iaiai ieaaia iaycuaaao
ainoaea?noaa: i?eieiaoue ana iaiaoiaeeiua ia?u ii i?aaeioa?auaieth,
nie?auaieth e nio?aiaieth iiae eiio?ieai caa?yciaiey ii?neie n?aaeu ec
anao aiciiaeiuo enoi/ieeia; ia ia?aiineoue, i?yii eee einaaiii, oua?a
eee iianiinoue caa?yciaiey ec iaeiiai ?ae iia a ae?oaie e ia
i?aa?auaoue iaeei aeae caa?yciaiey a ae?oaie; iaania/eaaoue, /oiau
aeayoaeueiinoue ainoaea?noa e eeoe, iaoiaeyueony iiae eo
th?enaeeeoeeae eee eiio?ieai, ia iaiineea oua?aa ae?oaei ainoaea?noaai
e eo ii?neie n?aaea iooai caa?yciaiey, a oaeaea /oiau caa?yciaiea,
yaeythuaany ?acoeueoaoii eioeeaeaioia eee aeayoaeueiinoe iiae
th?enaeeeoeeae eee eiio?ieai ainoaea?noa, ia ?ani?ino?aiyeinue ca
i?aaeaeu ?aeiiia, aaea yoe ainoaea?noaa inouanoaeytho naie noaa?aiiua
i?aaa. Iaeaieaa iieii yoio i?eioeei io?aaeai a Eiiaaioeee III ii
ii?neiio i?aao 1982 aiaea (no. 192 – 195).

I?eioeei cai?aoa aiaiiiai eee ethaiai eiiai a?aaeaeaaiiai
eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa aicaeaenoaey ia i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo a
eiioeaio?e?iaaiiii aeaea au?aaeaao iaycaiiinoue ainoaea?noa i?eieiaoue
ana iaiaoiaeeiua ia?u ii yooaeoeaiiio cai?auaieth oaeiai eniieueciaaiey
n?aaenoa aicaeaenoaey ia i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo, eioi?ua eiatho oe?ieea,
aeieain?i/iua eee na?ueaciua iineaaenoaey a ea/a noaa niiniaia
?ac?ooaiey, iaianaiey oua?aa eee i?e/eiaiey a?a aea ethaiio
ainoaea?noao. Eae ii?ia ii cae?aieai a Eiiaaioeee i cai?auaiee
aiaiiiai eee ethaiai eiiai a?aaeaeaaiiai eniieueciaa iey n?aaenoa
aicaeaenoaey ia i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo 1977 aiaea, a oaeaea a
Aeiiieieoaeueiii i?ioieiea 1 1977 aiaea e AEaiaaneei eiiaaioeeyi i
caueoa aea?oa aieiu 1949 aiaea.

Iaania/aiea yeieiae/aneie aaciianiinoe eae i?eioeei ia/e iaao
neeaaeuaaoueny a iineaaeiea aiaeu. Ii io?aaeaao i?aaeaea anaai
aeiaaeueiue e /?acau/aeii ino?ue oa?aeoa? iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo i?i aeai a
iaeanoe caueou ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Yeaiaioaie yoiai i?eioeeia iiaeii
n/eoaoue iaycaiiinoue ainoaea?noa inouanoaeyoue aiaiii-iieeoe/aneoth e
yeiiiie/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue oaeei ia?a cii, /oiau iaania/eaaoue
nio?aiaiea e iiaeaea?aeaiea aaeaeaaoiiai ninoiyiey ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu.

I?eioeei eiio?iey ca niaethaeaieai iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aeiaiai?ia ii’
io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu i?aaeoniao?eaaao nicaeaiea iiieii
iaoeeiiaeueiie oaeaea ?acaaoaeaiiie nenoaiu iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai eii o?iey
e iiieoi?eiaa ea/anoaa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Iie aeieaeiu
inouanoaeyoueny ia aeiaaeueiii, ?aaeiiaeueiii e iaoeeiiaeueiii o?iaiyo
ia iniiaa iaaeaeoia?iaeii i?eciaiiuo e?eoa?eaa e ia?a iao?ia.

I?eioeei iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaie ioaaonoaaiiinoe ainoaea?noa ca oua?a
ie?oaeathuae n?aaea i?aaeoniao?eaaao ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca nouanoaaiiue
oua?a yeieiae/aneei nenoaiai ca i?aaeaeaie iaoeeiiaeueiie th?enaeeeoeee
eee eiio?iey. Iiea yoio i?eioeei ieii/aoaeueii ia neiaeeeny, ii aai
i?eciaiea iinoaiaiii ?anoe?yaony.

?acaeoea IIIN oa?aeoa?ecoaony oaeaea aiaae?aieai a
iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaoth i?aeoeeo aeiaiai?aiiinoae i eiinoeueoaoeeyo,
eiio?iea ca ea/anoaii e eciaiaieyie a ie?oaeathuae n?aaea, ?aiiai
oaaaeiieaiee i i?iaiice?oaiuo nouanoaaiiuo eciaiaieyo a ninoiyiee
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e o.ae. Iie aaaeoo e oi?ie?iaaieth nenoaiu
i?aaaioeaiuo aeaenoaee, iai?aaeaiiuo ia i?aaeioa?auaiea oua?aa
ie?oaeathuae n?aaea.

2. N?aaieoaeueiue aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe Ie?iaiai yeieiae/aneiai oi?oia
1992a. e Noieaieueineie eiioa?aioeee III 1972a. ii i?iaeaiai
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu.

?acaeoea iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu i?ienoiaeeo, a
iniiaiii, aeiaiai?iui iooai. Ii aeaiiui I?ia?aiiu III ii ie?oaeathuae
n?aaea, a ianoiyuaa a?aiy ca?aaeno?e?iaaii nauoa 300 iiiainoi?iiieo
aeiaiai?ia a yoie iaeanoe.

Neiaeeaoayny e ianoiyuaio a?aiaie aeiaiai?iay i?aeoeea oa?aeoa?ecoaony
caeeth/aieai aeiaiai?ia iauaai e niaoeeaeueiiai ii?yaeea. Ii i?aaeiaoo
?aaoee?iaaiey iie iiae?acaeaeythony ia i?aaeioa?auaiea caa?yciaiey e
onoaiiaeaiea ?aaeeia eniieueciaaiey aiciaiiaeyaiuo e iaaiciaiiaeyaiuo
i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia. Iniiaiay ianna aeiaiai?ia i?eoiaeeony ia
?aaeiiaeueiua aeou.

Aeaonoi?iiiea aeiaiai?u /aua anaai ?aaeaiaioe?otho niaianoiia
eniieueciaaiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo i?aniiaiaeiuo aannaeiia, ii?neeo
aeaaoi?ee, oei?u, oaoiu (niaeaoaiey i aaoa?eia?ee, ea?ai oeia e caueoa
aeeaioiuo e ?anoaiee) e o.ae. Yoe aeieoiaiou ii?aaeaeytho
niaeaniaaiiua i?eioeeiu aeayoaeueiinoe e i?aaeea iiaaaeaiey ainoaea?noa
a ioiioaiee ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu a oeaeii eee aa eiie?aoiuo iauaeoia
(iai?eia?, aeiaiai?u i nio?oaeie/anoaa ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu,
iiaeienaiiua ?inneae a 1992 a. n Oeieyiaeeae, Aa?iaieae, Ii?aaaeae,
Aeaieae, Niaeaoaiea iaaeaeo i?aaeoaeuenoaii ?innee e i?aaeoaeuenoaii
Eaiaaeu i nio?oaeie/anoaa a A?eoeea e ia Naaa?a 1992 a., Niaeaoaiea i
iia?aie/iuo ?aeao iaaeaeo Oeieyiaeeae e Oaaoeeae 1971 a. e ae?.).

A 1992 aiaeo no?aiu NIA iiaeienaee Niaeaoaiea i acaeiiaeaenoaee a
iaeanoe yeieiaee e io?aiu ie?oaeathuae e i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu e I?ioieie
ia iaycaiiinoyo, i?aaao e ioaaonoaaiiinoe o/anoieeia Niaeaoaiey. A
?aieao yoiai nio?oaeie/anoaa ia?aciaai Iaaeainoaea?noaaiiue
yeieiae/aneee niaao (IYN) e Iaaeaino aea?noaaiiue yeieiae/aneee oiiae.
Ia 11 nannee a 1992 aiaeo auei ?aoaii o/?aaeeoue Iaaeainoaea?noaaiiue
yeieiae/aneee aaie. A 1992 aiaeo ?inneae auee iiaeienaiu niaeaoaiey i
niaianoiii en iieueciaaiee e io?aia o?aina?aie/iuo aiaeiuo iauaeoia n
Oe?ae iie, a oaeaea n Eacaonoaiii.

A neiaeeaoaeny iauaieaiaoa?iie yeieiae/aneie ianoaiiaea aeaaiui
n?aaenoaii iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey ca ueou ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu yaeythony iiiainoi?iiiea aeiaiai?u, iaania/eaathuea
iaeneiaeueii oe?ieia o/anoea ainoaea?noa. Yoio iiaeoiae iaoneiaeai
aeiaaeueiui cia/aieai oaeeo yeieiae/aneeo noa?, eae ii?neea aeaaoi?ee,
einie/aneia i?ino?ainoai, aoiinoa ?a, iciiiaue neie Caiee, aeeaay
n?aaea.

Eiie?aoiia ?aoaiea yeieiae/aneeo i?iaeai, eae naeaeaoaeue noaoao
i?aeoeea, iaeaieaa oniaoii aeinoeaaaony ia ?aaeiiaeueiii o?iaia.
Iai?eia?, a Caeeth/eoaeueiii aeoa NANA cae?aieaiu ia uea
iieeoeei-i?aaiaua iiaeoiaeu ainoaea?noa aa?iiaeneiai ?aaei ia e
?aoaieth i?iaeai caueou ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, a ia?aoth i/a ?aaeue
caa?yciaiey aicaeooiie e aiaeiie n?aae. A ?aieao aa?iiaeneiai ?aaeiia
ia yoie iniiaa noi?ie?iaaeanue ?acaaoaeaiiay nenoaia aeiaiai?iiai
?aaoee?iaaiey. Iiiaea aeiaiai?u caeeth/aiu iiae yaeaeie Aa?iiaeneie
yeiiiie/aneie eiiennee III (AYE): Eii aaioeey i o?aina?aie/iii
caa?yciaiee aicaeooa ia aieueoea ?annoi yiey 1979 aiaea n
aeiiieiythueie aa i?ioieieaie; Eiiaaioeey i o?aina?aie/iii
aicaeaenoaee i?iiuoeaiiuo aaa?ee 1992 aiaea; Eiiaaioeey ii io?aia e
eniieueciaaieth o?aina?aie/iuo aiaeioi eia e iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ica? 1992
aiaea; Eiiaaioeey ia ioeaiea aic aeaenoaey ia ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo a
o?aina?aie/iii eiioaenoa 1991 aiaea.

Aaaeiua i?e?iaeiio?aiiua niaeaoaiey caeeth/aiu iiae yaeaeie
Aa?iiaeneeo niiauanoa: Eiiaaioeey i caueoa aeeeie oaoiu e oei ?u e
i?e?iaeiuo n?aae eo iaeoaiey a Aa?iia 1979 aiaea; Niaeaoa iea ii
i?iaiice?iaaieth, i?aaeioa?auaieth e ieacaieth iiiiue a neo/aa
i?e?iaeiuo e oaoiieiae/aneeo eaoano?io 1987 aiaea; Aa?i iaeneia
niaeaoaiea i cai?auaiee eniieueciaaiey iaeioi?uo aa uanoa a iithueo e
/enoyueo n?aaenoaao 1968 aiaea e ae?.

A oaeueneieneii aeieoiaioa NANA 1992 aiaea “Aucia a?aiaie ia?aiai”
i?aaeoniio?aia ?ac?aaioea oe?ieiianooaaiiai i?e?i aeiio?aiiiai ieaia
aeaenoaee aeey Aa?iiu.

Iaiaoiaeeii oiiiyiooue oaeea ?aaeiiaeueiua aeiaiai?u ii io ?aia ii?ae,
eae: Eiiaaioeey i caueoa N?aaeecaiiiai ii?y io ca a?yciaiey (Aa?naeiia,
1976 a.); Eiiaaioeey i caueoa ii?neie n?a-

‘ aeu ?aeiia Aaeoeeneiai ii?y (Oaeueneiee, 1992 a., caiaieaoay
iaeiieiaiioth Eiiaaioeeth 1974 a.); Eiiaaioeey i caueoa *a?iiai ii?y
io caa?yciaiey (Aooa?ano, 1992 a.); Eiiaaioeey ii io?aia ii?neie
n?aaeu Naaa?i-Ainoi/iie Aoeaioeee (Ia?eae, 1992 a., ca-

. iaieaoay aeaa iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aeiaiai?a iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaaie yoi
ai ii?neiai ?aeiia – Eiiaaioeeth i i?aaeioa?auaiee caa?yciaiey ii?neie
n?aaeu na?inaie aauanoa n noaeia e eaoaoaeueiuo aiia?aoia ‘ 1972 a. e
Eiiaaioeeth i i?aaeioa?auaiee caa?yciaiey ii?neie n?a-

aeu ec enoi/ieeia, ?aniieiaeaiiuo ia nooa, 1974 a.); Niaaoaiea i
nio?oaeie/anoaa ii ai?ueaa n caa?yciaieai Naaa?iiai ii?y iaooueth e
ae?oaeie a?aaeiuie aauanoaaie 1983 aiaea e ae?.

?yae ?aaeiiaeueiuo aeiaiai?ia iinayuai caueoa iaaeaeoia?iae iuo
i?aniiaiaeiuo aannaeiia: Eiiaaioeey i caueoa ?aee ?aei io caa?yciaiey
oeie/aneeie aauanoaaie 1976 aiaea; Aeiaiai? i iaae aaoeee e
yeiiiie/aneii nio?oaeie/anoaa iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaaie aan naeia ?aee
Ieaa? 1963 aiaea; Aeiaiai? i nio?oaeie/anoaa a aannaeia ?aee Aiaciiea
1978 aiaea; Niaeaoaiea i ieaia aeaenoaee ii yeiei ae/anee
?aoeeiiaeueiiio eniieueciaaieth iauae nenoaiu ?aee Cai aace 1987 aiaea
e ae?.

Caueoa e nio?aiaiea oei?u e oaoiu ?aaoee?othony Eiiaai oeeae ia io?aia
aeeeie oaoiu e oei?u e i?e?iaeiuo n?aae eo iae oaiey a Aa?iia 1979
aiaea, Niaeaoaieai no?ai ANAAI ia io?aia i?e?iaeu e i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia 1985 aiaea e ae?.

A iaeanoe caueou ii?neie n?aaeu io caa?yciaiey e eniieueciaa iey
?ano?nia Ie?iaiai ieaaia aeaenoaotho Eiiaaioeey III ii ii? neiio i?aao
1982 aiaea, Eiiaaioeey i i?aaeioa?auaiee caa?yciaiey ii?y na?inaie
iooiaeia e ae?oaeo iaoa?eaeia 1972 aiaea, Eiiaaioeey i i?aaeioa?auaiee
caa?yciaiey ii?y n noaeia 1973 aiaea, Eiiaaioeey ia io?aia ii?neeo
aeeauo ?ano?nia Aioa?eoeee 1982 aiaea e ae?.

Caueoa aoiinoa?u io caa?yciaiey iinayuaiu Aaineay eiiaai oeey ia io?aia
iciiiaiai neiy 1985 aiaea e Iii?aaeueneee i?ioi eie e iae 1987 aiaea,
?aii/iay eiiaaioeey ia eciaiaiee eeeiaoa 1992 aiaea.

Caueoa oei?u e oaoiu io eno?aaeaiey e auie?aiey i?aaeo niio?aia
Eiiaaioeeae i iaaeaeoia?iaeiie oi?aiaea aeaeaie aeeeie oaoiu e oei?u,
iaoiaeyueieny iiae oa?icie en/aciiaaiey, 1973 aiaea, Niaeaoaieai ia
io?aia iiey?iuo iaaeaaaeae 1973 aiaea, Eiiaaioeeae ia io?aia
iea?e?othueo aeaeia aeeeeo aeeaioiuo 1979 aiaea, Eiiaaioeeae i
aei?aciiia?acee 1992 aiaea e ae?.

Caueoa aeiaaeueiie ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu io yaea?iiai ca?aaeaiey
?aaeaiaioe?oaony Eiiaaioeeae i oece/aneie caueoa yaea?iiai iaoa ?eaea
1980 aiaea, Eiiaaioeeae ia iia?aoeaiii iiiaauaiee i yaea?iie aaa?ee
1986 aiaea e Eiiaaioeeae i iiiiue a neo/aa yaea?iie aaa?ee eee
?aaeeaoeeiiiie aaa?eeiie neooaoeee 1986 aiaea e ?yaeii ae?oaeo.

Caueoa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu io oua?aa a ?acoeueoaoa eniieueci aaiey
aiaiiuo n?aaenoa i?aaeoniio?aia Aeiaiai?ii i cai?auaiee eniuoaiee
yaea?iiai i?oaeey a aoiinoa?a, a einie/aneii i?i no?ainoaa e iiae
aiaeie 1963 aiaea, Eiiaaioeeae i cai?auaiee aiai iiai eee ethaiai eiiai
a?aaeaeaaiiai eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa aic aeaenoaey ia i?e?iaeioth
n?aaeo. 1977 aiaea, Eiiaaioeeae i eiio?iea ca o?aina?aie/iui
ia?aiauaieai iianiuo iooiaeia e eo eniieue ciaaieai 1989 aiaea.

5. ?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiua aeou a noa?a io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu

Iniaaiiinoueth IIIN yaeyaony caiaoiay ?ieue iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aeoia
eaaceii?iaoeaiiai oa?aeoa?a (aeaeea?aoeee, no?aoaaee, ?o eiaiaeyueo
i?eioeeiia iiaaaeaiey e o.i.), eioi?ua /anoi iacuaatho ny “iyaeei
i?aaii”. Yoe ?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiua aeieoiaiou, neoaeauea aniiiiaaoaeueiui
enoi/ieeii iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa, ninoaaeytho nouanoaaiioth aeieth a
iauai iauaia iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaiai ia oa?eaea ii caueoa
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Iie ieacuaatho oioy e ia?aie/aiiia, ii iiceoeaiia
aicaeaenoaea ia yoo noa?o iaaeaeoia ?iaeiuo ioiioaiee.

Oeie/iie a yoii ieaia yaeyaony noieaieueineay Aeaeea?aoeey III ii
i?iaeaiai ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu 1972 aiaea, aia?aua ia oieaa?naeueiii
o?iaia ii?aaeaeeaoay iiaeoiaeu e ?aoaieth yeiei ae/aneeo i?iaeai. Ia
iaeaaeay iaycaoaeueiie th?eaee/aneie neeie, Aeaeea?aoeey aianoa n oai
aaconeiaii aeeyao ia ii?iioai?/aneee i?ioeann. Onoaiiaeaiiua a iae
i?eioeeiu i acaeiiii iai?e/eia iee yeieiae/aneiai oua?aa, caueoa
ii?neie n?aaeu io caa?yciaiey e ?yae ae?oaeo iieo/eee aeaeueiaeoaa
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea e ?acaeoea a iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaie i?aeoeea
ainoaea?noa ii caueoa ie?oaea thuae n?aaeu.

Aiaeiae/iui ia?acii iiaeao auoue ioeaiai aeieoiaio Eiioa ?aioeee III ii
ie?oaeathuae n?aaea e ?acaeoeth 1992 aiaea – Aeae ea?aoeey
?ei-aea-AEaiae?i (iaiiaeaiiue naiae niaeaniaaiiuo i?e ioeeiia
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai nio?oaeie/anoaa ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu a
naaoa iiauo oi?i aeiaaeueiiai ia?oia?noaa). Aeaeea?aoeey iai?aaeaia ia
nicaeaiea iiaiai e ?aaiii?aaiiai aeiaaeueiiai ia?oia?noaa iin?aaenoaii
oi?ie?iaaiey iiauo o?iaiae nio?oaeie /anoaa iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaaie e
iniiaiuie iao/iuie, i?iiuoeai iuie, oeiainiauie e ae?oaeie e?oaaie
iauanoaa. A iae caoeene ?iaai ?yae i?eioeeiia aeey ia?aoiaea e
onoie/eaiio ?acaeoeth e iiae/a?eeaaaony, /oi aeaaiie oeaeueth ?aoaiey
i?iaeai onoie/eaiai ?acaeoey yaeythony ethaee, eioi?ua eiatho i?aai ia
caei?iaoth e aeoeaioth aeeciue a aa?iiiee n i?e?iaeie.

6. Eiioeaioeey yeieiae/aneie aaciianiinoe

Iiaie eiioeaioeeae, eioi?ay i?aaeeaaaao eciaiaiea o?aaeeoeeii iuo
iiaeoiaeia e io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, noaea eiioeaioeey yei
eiae/aneie aaciianiinoe, eioi?ay i?ecaaia niaeaenoaiaaoue onoie /eaiio
e aaciianiiio ?acaeoeth anao ainoaea?noa. Iia ia iiaeao auoue
aeinoeaiooa a iaeiinoi?iiiai ii?yaeea e o?aaoao nio?oaeie/a noaa
iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaaie.

Yeieiae/aneay aaciianiinoue – yoi neiaeiay acaeiinaycaiiay e
acaeiicaaeneiay nenoaia yeieiae/aneeo ninoaaeythueo ieaia ou, a oaeaea
nio?aiaiea e iiaeaea?aeaiea nouanoaothuaai anoanoaai iiai i?e?iaeiiai
aaeaina iaaeaeo ieie.

I?eioeei yeieiae/aneie aaciianiinoe ec anaai eiiieaena aii ?inia io?aiu
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu auaeaeyao aeaaiia: iaaeiiouaiea yeiniacia eae
oneiaea auaeeaaaiinoe /aeiaa/anoaa. Yoio i?eioeei onoaiaaeeaaao
i?yioth naycue iaaeaeo io?aiie ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
aaciianiinoueth. I?e yoii caueoa e oeo/oaiea io?aiu ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu, ?aoeeiiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea anao i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia oanii
oaycuaathony n iaania/aieai anao aniae oia iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
aaciianiinoe, a oii /enea n ?aci?oaeaieai.

TH?eaee/aneia niaea?aeaiea i?eioeeia yeieiae/aneie aaciian iinoe
ninoieo a iaycaiiinoe ainoaea?noa inouanoaeyoue naith aeay oaeueiinoue
oaeei ia?acii, /oiau eneeth/eoue oneeeaathuaany aic aeaenoaea
yeieiae/aneeo no?annia ia ianoiii, iaoeeiiaeueiii, ?aaeiiaeueiii e
aeiaaeueiii o?iaiyo. Ethaay aeayoaeueiinoue aeieaeia inouanoaeyoueny
oaeei ia?acii, /oiau eneeth/eoue iaianaiea oua? aa ia oieueei ae?oaei
ainoaea?noaai, ii e anaio iaaeaeoia?iaeiiio niiauanoao a oeaeii.

Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay yeieiae/aneay aaciianiinoue i?aaeiieaaaao oa eia
ninoiyiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ioiioaiee, i?e eioi?ii iaania/e aaaony
nio?aiaiea, ?aoeeiiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea, aini?iecaiaenoai e
iiauoaiea ea/anoaa ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. I?aaiauie n?aaenoaa ie
iaania/aiey yeieiae/aneie aaciianiinoe yaeythony eae ?aaei iaeueiua,
oae e oieaa?naeueiua iaaeaeoia?iaeiua aeiaiai?u. ?a/ue eaeao oaeaea i
iaiaoiaeeiinoe oi?ie?iaaiey naiaai ?iaea “yeieiae /aneiai i?aaiaiai
i?ino?ainoaa” e iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?ac?aaioee aaeeiiai i?aaiaiai
aeieoiaioa a iaeanoe caueou ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, eioi?ue noae au
iaeiie ec aaaeiaeoeo ninoaaeythueo yei eiae/aneie aaciianiinoe.

7. I?ia?aiia III ii ie?oaeathuae n?aaea (THIAI)

A 1972 aiaeo a Noieaieueia ia Eiioa?aioeee III ii ie?oaeath uae
/aeiaaea n?aaea auea i?eiyoa ?aeiiaiaeaoeey i nicaeaiee THIAI, e ia
OOO11 nannee Aaia?aeueiie Annaiaeae ?aciethoeeae 2997 auea o/?aaeaeaia
I?ia?aiia ITHI ii ie?oaeathuae n?aaea. In iiaiay oeaeue THIAI
caeeth/aaony a i?aaiecaoeee e i?iaaaeaiee ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia caueoo
e oeo/oaiea ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu ia aea ai iuiaoiaai e aoaeoueo
iieieaiee /aeiaa/anoaa.

I?ia?aiia nicaeaia a ?aieao nenoaiu III a oeaeii e iai?aa eaia ia
eii?aeeiaoeeth a iaeanoe io?aiu i?e?iaeu ia iauanenoai-

eii o?iaia. Iniiaiuie caaea/aie THIAI yaeythony niaeaenoaea
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiio nio?oaeie/anoao a iaeanoe ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e
?ac?aaioea niioaaonoaothueo ?aeiiaiaeaoeee; iauaa ?oeiaiaenoai
iieeoeeie a iaeanoe io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu a ?aieao nenoa iu III;
?ac?aaioea e ianoaeaeaiea ia?eiaee/aneeo aeieeaaeia; ni aeaenoaea
i?ia?anneaiiio ?acaeoeth iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa io?a iu ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu e ?yae ae?oaeo.

A i?aaiecaoeeiiiii ioiioaiee THIAI ninoieo ec Niaaoa oi ?aaeythueo,
Nae?aoa?eaoa, Niaaoa ii eii?aeeiaoeee aeayoaeueiinoe a iaeanoe
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e aeia?iaieueiiai Oiiaea THIAI.

8. Eii?aeeie?othuay ?ieue iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa a aeaea io?aiu
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu

A nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo caeiiiia?ii e iaecaaaeii oneeaiea
eii?aeeie?othuae ?iee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa a iauai i?ioeanna
i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey caueou ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Yoi iauyn iyaony
oa?icie oe?ieiianooaaiiai o?aina?aie/iiai oua?aa ia oeeiiaeueiui
nenoaiai ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, aicieeathuae a i?i oeanna iiiaeo aeaeia
nia?aiaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ainoaea?noa. Oneeaiea’ eii?aeeie?othuae
?iee iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa ii ioii oaieth e iaoeeiiaeueiiio i?aao a
iaeanoe caueou ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu auoaeaao oaeaea ec ?acaeaathuaeny
neooaoeee anaiauae yei eiae/aneie iianiinoe, eiaaea ianooaau oua?aa,
iaiineiiai ie?o aeathuae n?aaea, naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i oaiaeaioeee e
ia?ooaieth anae ieaiaoa?iie nenoaiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, e
iai?aaeneacoaiui ec iaiaieyi ai anae iauanoaaiiie e yeiiiie/aneie
aeecie /aeiaa /anoaa. Aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?ac?aaioee e i?eiyoey
oieaa? naeueiuo eiia?aoeaiuo ii?i iiaaaeaiey ainoaea?noa. Yoi iicaieeei
au ?aaeeciaaoue iainiiaaiioth Aaia?aeueiie Annaiaeaae III, THIAI e
Anaie?iie eiienneae ii aii?inai ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e ?acaeoey caaea/e
inouanoaeaiey aeiaaeueiie no?aoaaee caueou ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e
?aoeeiiaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia, eioi?ay iniiaaia
ia eiioeaioeee onoie/eaiai e yeieiae /anee aaciianiiai aeieaia?aiaiiiai
?acaeoey.

Eiioeaioeey onoie/eaiai ?acaeoey auea auaeaeiooa Iaaeaeoia ?iaeiui
nithcii io?aiu i?e?iaeu a 1980 aiaeo a aeieoiaioa, eioi ?ue iacuaaeny
“Anaie?iay no?aoaaey io?aiu i?e?iaeu”. Niune eiioeaioeee ninoieo a
oii, /oi yeiiiie/anee aieaa auaiaeii i?aae ioa?aoeoue aiciiaeiue oua?a,
/ai cao?a/eaaoue n?aaenoaa ia eeeae aeaoeeth aai iineaaenoaee. A 1986
aiaeo a Iooaaa ia Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie eiioa?aioeee ii io?aia i?e?iaeu e
?acaeoeth aue ?ac?aaioai ?yae i?eioeeiia ii iaania/aieth onoie/eaiai
?acaeoey. A 1987 aiaeo a

io/aoa Anaie?iie eiiennee ii aii?inai ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e ?acaeoey,
?oeiaiaeeiie A?o Oa?eai A?oiaeoeaiae, i?icao/aei i?aae oi?aaeaeaiea i
oii, /oi iaiaoiaeeiu eciaiaiey a aeaeiaie aeoeaii noe e ia?aca aeecie
ethaeae, eia/a /aeiaa/anoai iaeeaeaao ?aceia oooaeoaiea ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu. Eiienney cayaeea, /oi yeiiiieea aeieaeia oaeiaeaoai?youe
ioaeaeu ethaeae, ii aa ?ino aeieaeai aienu aaoueny a i?aaeaeu
yeiiiie/aneeo aiciiaeiinoae ieaiaou.

Iiaua aiciiaeiinoe e ia?niaeoeau iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai acaeii aeaenoaey a
iaeanoe io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu ioe?uaathony ia iooe
iaoa?eaeecaoeee ?acoeueoaoia Eiioa?aioeee III ii ie?oaea thuae n?aaea e
?acaeoeth (?ei-aea-AEaiae?i, 1992 a.). ?inney noaea o/anoieoeae
?aii/iuo aeiaaeueiuo eiiaaioeee III ia eciaiaiee eeeiaoa e i
aeieiae/aneii ?aciiia?acee.

Aeaaiay caaea/a ?aii/iie eiiaaioeee III ia eciaiaiee eee iaoa –
?aaoee?iaaiea eniieueciaaiey aeiaaeueiiai ?ano?na, eioi ?ui yaeyaony
aoiinoa?a, iooai eiio?iee?iaaiey ia ?aaiii?aa iie iniiaa aeiaaeueiuo
aua?inia aacia aio?iiiaaiiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey.

Eiia/iiay oeaeue Eiiaaioeee – aeinoeaeaiea noaaeeecaoeee eii
oeaio?aoeee ia?ieeiauo aacia a aoiinoa?a ia o?iaia, eioi?ue
i?aaeioa?aoee au iianiia aio?iiiaaiiia aoi?aeaiea a eeeiaoe/a neoth
nenoaio.

A Eiiaaioeee ii aei?aciiia?aceth iiae/a?eeaaaony, /oi nio?a iaiea
aei?aciiia?acey yaeyaony iauae caaea/ae /aeiaa/anoaa, a ainoaea?noaa,
iaeaaeay noaa?aiiuie i?aaaie ia naie aeieiae/a neea ?ano?nu, ioaa/atho
ca nio?aiaiea naiaai aei?aciiia?acey e onoie/eaue oa?aeoa?
eniieueciaaiey aei?ano?nia. Oeaeyie Eii aaioeee yaeythony nio?aiaiea
aei?aciiia?acey, onoie/eaia eniieue ciaaiea aai eiiiiiaioia e
ni?aaaaeeeaia e ?aaiii?aaiia ?an i?aaeaeaiea auaiae, aicieeathueo a
?acoeueoaoa eniieueciaaiey aaiaoe/aneeo ?ano?nia, a oii /enea iooai
niioaaonoaothuaai aei nooia e iei e ia?aaea/e oaoiieiaee n o/aoii anao
i?aa ia ?ano?nu e oaoiieiaee.

Iiaeienaiea oiiiyioouo eiiaaioeee i?aaenoaaeoaeyie 154 aino aea?noa
neoaeeo aua iaeiei ?aaeueiui i?aeoe/aneei oaaii ia iooe e
aeinoeaeaieth aeiaaeueiiai eiinainona ii iaeaieaa aeooaeueiui
i?iaeaiai a iaeanoe io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu.

Iaeiei ec aeieoiaioia, i?eiyouo Eiioa?aioeeae, yaeyaony Caya eaiea ii
i?eioeeiai aeey aeiaaeueiiai eiinainona ii ?aoeeiiaeueii io
eniieueciaaieth, nio?aiaieth e onoie/eaiio ?acaeoeth anao oe iia eania.
Iii aia?aua io?aaeaao eiinainon ainoaea?noa ii aii?inai eniieueciaaiey
e nio?aiaiey anao oeiia eania iacaaene ii io eo aaia?aoe/aneiai
iieiaeaiey, oiaaea eae ?aiaa iniiaiia aieiaiea oaeaeyeinue i?iaeaiai
o?iie/aneeo eania.

Eiioa?aioeey i?eiyea i?ia?aiiiua aeieoiaiou: Aeaeea?aoeeth ?ei (27
i?eioeeiia, iaoeaeaiiuo ia niaeaenoaea oi?aaeaieth yeiii ie/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoueth e iiaaaeaieai a iaeanoe io?aiu: ie?oaea thuae n?aaeu
a iai?aaeaiee aeinoeaeaiey aeiaaeueiiai onoie/eaiai ?acaeoey) e
Iiaanoeo aeiy ia OO1 aae (no?aoaaey aeiaaeueiiai i?e ?iaeiio?aiiiai
nio?oaeie/anoaa a naaoa ni/aoaiey yeieiae/aneeo caaea/ n onoie/eaui
yeieiae/aneei ?acaeoeai). Yoe aeieoiaiou io?aaeatho eiioeaioeeth
“aeiaaeueiiai ia?oia?noaa”, eioi?ia iiae?a coiaaaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue
o/aoa niaoeeoe/aneeo oneiaee e iio?aa iinoae no?ai n ia?aoiaeiie
yeiiiieeie, e /eneo eioi?uo Eii oa?aioeeae auea ioianaia e ?inney.
Oaeie aea noaoon aue i?aaeinoaaeai auaoei ?anioaeeeai NNN? e no?aiai
Ainoi/iie Aa?iiu.

Niaeanii ?aoaieth Eiioa?aioeee, a III ia?aciaaia iiaay no?oeoo?a –
Eiienney ii onoie/eaiio ?acaeoeth, a oi?ie?iaa iea eioi?ie ?inney
aeeth/eeanue n naiiai ia/aea.

Eiioa?aioeey noaea oai oi?oiii, iinea eioi?iai eiioeaioeee io?aiu
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey oaea ia
iiaoo ?anniao?eaaoueny eciee?iaaiii.

9. Iaaeaeoiaoiaeii-i?aaiaia cai?auaiea aiaiiiai aicaeaenoaey ia
ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo

Nouanoaoao oeaeue ?yae aeieoiaioia, a eioi?uo niaea?aeaony ii? iu,
caueuathuea i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo ai a?aiy aieiu.

Caeanue iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aneoth aeaeea ?aoeeth 1868
aiaea, Aeaeea?aoeee 1899 aiaea, Aaaaneoth eiiaaioeeth i caeiiao e
iau/ayo nooiiooiie aieiu 1907 aiaea e Iieiaeaiea e iae, AEaiaaneoth
eiiaaioeeth 1949 aiaea i caueoa a?aaeaeaineiai ianaeaiey ai a?aiy
aieiu, Aeiiieieoaeueiue i?ioieie 1 1977 aiaea, Eiiaaioeeth i
cai?auaiee aiaiiiai eee ethaiai eiiai a?aae aeaaiiai eniieueciaaiey
n?aaenoa aicaeaenoaey ia i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo 1977 aiaea, a oaeaea
Eiiaaioeeth i cai?auaiee eee ia?aie/aiee i?eiaiaiey eiie?aoiuo aeaeia
iau/iiai i?oaeey 1980 aiaea.

Oae, no. 35 Aeiiieieoaeueiiai i?ioieiea 1 cae?aieyao i?eioeei caueou
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e cai?auaao i?eiaiyoue iaoiaeu eee n?aaenoaa
aaaeaiey aiaiiuo aeaenoaee, eioi?ua eiatho naiae oeaeueth i?e/eieoue
eee, eae iiaeii iaeeaeaoue, i?e/eiyo iaoe?iue, aeieai a?aiaiiue e
na?ueaciue oua?a i?e?iaeiie n?aaea.

Cai?auaaony i?e/eiaiea oua?aa i?e?iaeiie n?aaea a ea/anoaa
?ai?annaeee. Oaeaea cai?auaaony i?aa?auaoue ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo eae
oaeiaoth a iauaeo iaiaaeaiey.

Eiiaaioeey i cai?auaiee aiaiiiai eee ethaiai eiiai a?aae aeaaiiai
eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa aicaeaenoaey ia i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo 1977 aiaea
noaea ia?aui iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaui aeiaiai?ii, ei oi?ue iai?aaeai ia
i?aaeioa?auaiea eniieueciaaiey nee i?e?iaeu a ea/anoaa i?oaeey
aaaeaiey aieiu, oae eae a iae ?a/ue eaeao i ea/a noaaiii iiaii niiniaa
aaaeaiey aiaiiuo aeaenoaee, ioee/athueony e?aeia iaecae?aoaeueiui
oa?aeoa?ii. A Eiiaaioeee aiai?eony i cai?auaiee aio?iiiaaiiiai
aicaeaenoaey iin?aaenoaii i?aaeiaia ?aiiiai aiaoaoaeuenoaa a
anoanoaaiiua i?ioeannu. Ainoaea?noaa o/anoieee iaycothony ia i?eaaaaoue
e eniieueciaaieth n?aaenoa aic aeaenoaey ia i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo a
aiaiiuo eee eiuo a?aaeaeaaiuo oeaeyo a ea/anoaa niiniaia ?ac?ooaiey,
iaianaiey oua?aa eee i?e/eiaiey a?aaea. Iauaeoaie caeanue iiaoo
aunooiaoue ia oieueei i?e?iaeiua ?ano?nu, ii oaeaea aii?oaeaiiua neeu
e a?aaeaeaineia ianaeaiea.

Iniaia cia/aiea eiaao iiiyoea “a?aaeaeaaiia eniieueciaaiea”, eioi?ia
oeacuaaao ia iaiaoiaeeiinoue iaee/ey a?aaeaeaaiie oeaee i?e
inouanoaeaiee oaeeo aeaenoaee. Ii ia anyeia a?aaeaeaaiia en
iieueciaaiea iiaeeaaeeo cai?aoo, a oieueei oaeia, eioi?ia eiaao
“oe?ieea, aeieain?i/iua eee na?ueaciua iineaaenoaey”. Ethaiai ec yoeo
o?ao e?eoa?eaa aeinoaoi/ii aeey oiai, /oiau n/eoaoue eniieue ciaaiea
oao eee eiuo n?aaenoa aicaeaenoaey ia i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo
iai?aaiia?iui.

Cai?auaaony oaeia eniieueciaaiea n?aaenoa aicaeaenoaey ia i?e ?iaeioth
n?aaeo, eioi?ia iaeiia?aiaiii yaeyaony a?aaeaeaaiui e au cuaaao
?ac?ooaiey, iaiineo oua?a, i?aauoathuee ii?aaeaeaiiue ii?ia,
onoaiiaeaiiue Eiiaaioeeae. Aia cai?aoa inoaaony eniieue ciaaiea
n?aaenoa aicaeaenoaey a iaa?aaeaeaaiuo, ie?iuo oeaeyo, aeaaea anee iii
iiaeao aucaaoue a?aaeiua iineaaenoaey, i?aauoathuea ii ?aaeaeaiiue
ii?ia. Aeiioneaaony eniieueciaaiea oaeeo n?aaenoa a ai aiiuo eee eiuo
a?aaeaeaaiuo oeaeyo i?e oneiaee, /oi ?acoeueoaou eniieueciaaiey aoaeoo
ieaea onoaiiaeaiiiai ii?iaa.

Iioieie 111 i cai?auaiee eee ia?aie/aiee i?eiaiaiey caaee aaoaeueiiai
i?oaeey e Eiiaaioeee i eiie?aoiuo aeaeao iau/iiai i?oaeey 1980 aiaea
cai?auaao i?aa?auaoue eana e ae?oaea aeaeu ?an oeoaeueiiai iie?iaa a
iauaeo iaiaaeaiey n i?eiaiaieai caaeeaa oaeueiiai i?oaeey.

EIIO?IEUeIUA AII?INU E AEAAA OO1O

1. A /aen ouiin~iuen ie~?oaeie/anoaaa inoaee?n~eai in io?o~aiethi e?o-

enathuae n?aaeu?

2. Eaeiau io?aneaaua i?eioeeiu i?e?iaeiio?aiiiai i?aaa?

3. Eaeea iatha>~ue~a iaaeaeoia?iaeiua aeiaiai?u eia~io oeaeueth
nio?oaeie-

‘ /anoai ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu?

4. Eaeia cia/aiea aeey io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e/a~io iaaeaeoia?iae
iua ?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiua aeou?

5. A /ai nouiinoue iaaeaeoie?iaeiie yeieiae/aneie aacieaniini~e?

Eeoa?aoo?a

Eo?n iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa. A 7-ie oiiao. – I., 1992. – O. 5. –

N. 280 – 330.

Oeiiuaiei A.N. Oi?ie?iaaiea e ?acaeoea iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa

‘ ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. – I., 1986.

Eieaania I.N. Iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaay io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. –
I., 1982.

*eiaa?ei A.A. Io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e iaaeaeoia?iaeiua ioii uaiey.
– I., 1970.

Aeaenoaothuaa iaaeaeoia?iaeiia i?aai. A o?ao oiiao. – O. 3.

I., 1997. – ?acae. OOTH.

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