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Niaea?aeaiea:
1. Aaaaeaiea. ?aoi?iu cae?aaiio?aiaiey. Eae yoi iiieiaoue?
2. A ?aoi?iao – iaoa aoaeouaa
3. Auaea?aeee ec niaauaiea yenia?oia “No?aoaaee ?aoi?ie?iaaiey
cae?aaiio?aiaiey a ainoi/iie Aa?iia”
3.1. Ia?aia niaauaiea.
3.2. Ieaiu ia aoaeouaa
4. Caei?iauea – iaoa caei?iauea.
4.1. Iaoeeiiaeueiay no?aoaaey a iaeanoe io?aiu caei?iauey
4.2. I?ei?eoaoiua i?iaeaiu caei?iauey e cae?aaiio?aiaiey
4.3. Ae?oaea i?eioeeieaeueiua i?iaeaiu ?aoi?i cae?aaiio?aiaiey
4.4. Iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiie iieeoeee a iaeanoe io?aiu
caei?iauey
5. Caeeth/aiea. Naoaaua oaoiieiaee a aia?eeaineii cae?aaiio?aiaiee.
Eeoa?aoo?a.
Aaaaeaiea.
?AOI?IU CAe?AAIIO?AIAIEss. EAE YOI IIIEIAOUe?Iai auiaei aeeoue a yiioo
ia?aiai a nioeeaeueiii, iieeoe/aneii, yeiiiie/aneii ono?ienoaa a
iauanoaa, a no?aia, a ie?a. Oioei iu yoiai eee iao, i?ieeyouea yoi eee
aacaiuea, ii, anee oae ia?aiai ia ecaaaeaoue, oioaeinue au, ii e?aeiae
ia?a, i?iaiaeeoue eo ?acoiii.
Ai iiiaeo no?aiao ianaeaiea iaoaeiaeaoai?aii naiei cae?aaiio?aiaieai. E,
/oi anoanoaaiii, a yoeo no?aiao aeaeathony iiiuoee naith iaaeeoeeio
?aoi?ie?iaaoue. *oi i?e yoii i?eia/aoaeueii – o?aoeo ee no?aia ia
cae?aaiio?aiaiea 14% aaeiaiai iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?iaeoeoa eee iaiaa 1%,
i?iaeaiu eo noiaee – eae eniieueciaaoue eiathueany n?aaenoaa iaeaieaa
yooaeoeaii.
*oi aea eanaaony iaiin?aaenoaaiii ?aoi?i, oi ooo iiaeii auaeaeeoue aeaa
iai?aaeaiey: ia?aia – io naiaiaeu ?uiea iaaeeoeeineeo oneoa e aieueoae
ieaiiainoe e ii?ie?oaiinoe; aoi?ia, oa?aeoa?iia aeey
iino-nioeeaeenoe/aneeo no?ai – io ieaiiai-eiiaiaeiie oeaio?aeeciaaiiie
nenoaiu e aiaae?aieth yeaiaioia ?uii/iiai ?aaoee?iaaiey.
?inney, eiia/ii, e ooo eaeao naiei “iniaui” iooai. Ii ie?iaie iiuo –
iieiaeeoaeueiue eee io?eoeaoaeueiue – iaaei, eae ieieioi, ciaoue eee,
eae iaeneioi, eniieueciaaoue.
A ?aieao ?ac?aaaouaaaiie eiioeaioeee ?aoi?iu cae?aaiio?aiaiey ia eeoiei
aoaeao ii?aaeaeeoueny, /oi oeaeueth e e?eoa?eai oi?aaeaiey nenoaiie
cae?aaiio?aiaiey aeieaeii auoue ea/anoai iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue. I?aaeaea
/ai ionoaeaaoue yoi i?aaeeiaeaiea, oioaeinue au aeiaiai?eoueny ia
ii?aaeaeaieyo i?aaeiaoa ianoaeaeaiey, o/eouaay i?aaenoaaeaiey iaoeo e
ca?oaaaeiuo niaoeeaeenoia iauanoaaiiiai cae?aaiio?aiaiey.
Iaaeeoeeineay iiiiuue ieacaia ea/anoaaiii, anee iia niioaaonoaiaaea
iaeeaeaieyi iio?aaeoaey (aioo?aiiaai e aiaoiaai), e aa ?acoeueoaoii
noaei iaeeaeaaiia eciaiaiea ninoiyiey caei?iauey. Aioo?aiiee
iio?aaeoaeue – yoi iaae?aaioiee, aiaoiee – iaoeeaio.
Yoi ii?aaeaeaiea ea/anoaa iicaieyao i?aaeeueii iiaeieoe e aai ioeaiea:
ea/anoai niioaaonoaoao naiae noieiinoe. Oi aeoue, ainiiaea,
i?iii?oeeiiaeueii oeiainiaui e iaoa?eaeueiui ?ano?nai, auaeaeyaiui ia
cae?aaiio?aiaiea, aoaeao ea/anoai iineaaeiaai. I?e yoii i?iaeaia
oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii i?aa?auaaony a i?iaeaio oi?aaeaiey eiathueieny
?ano?naie aeey oeo/oaiey ninoiyiey caei?iauey iaoeeaioa eee iaoeee, anee
?anniao?eaaoue i?iaeaio aeiaaeueii.
“Oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue” – iiiyoea iiiaia?aiiia.
A?a/e, iaoeeaiou, aaeieieno?aoeey EIO, eiieoaou cae?aaiio?aiaiey
oa??eoi?ee, oa??eoi?eaeueiua oiiaeu IIN, oeiainenou, yeiiiienou
iiae?acoiaaatho iiae oi?aaeaieai ea/anoaii niaa?oaiii ?acee/iua aaue –
eiio?ieue ea/anoaa, iaania/aiea ea/anoaa, oi?aaeaiea ?ano?naie,
oi?aaeaiea oeiainaie e o.ae. A yoii anoue ?aoeeiiaeueiia ca?ii, o.e.
aeaenoaeoaeueii oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii – aeinoaoi/ii oe?ieia iiiyoea e
eanaaony anao ia?a/eneaiiuo aniaeoia:
· oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii aeeth/aao ioeaieo ea/anoaa, iaania/aiea ea/anoaa
e eiio?ieue ea/anoaa, iniiaaiiua ia n?aaiaiee ni noaiaea?oaie;
· oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii aiciiaeii ia ?acee/iuo o?iaiyo – EIO, ?aeiiiii,
ai?iaeneii, oa??eoi?eaeueiii, aaaeiinoaaiiii, aiaaaaeiinoaaiiii e o.ae.
· oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii oanii naycaii n yooaeoiinoueth (aeaeae oi, /oi ou
aeaeaaoue i?aaeeueii) e yooaeoeaiinoueth (aeaeae oi, /oi aeaao eo/oee
?acoeueoao);
· oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii inouanoaeyaony /a?ac oi?aaeaiea ?ano?naie, anee
eiaoue a aeaeo, e?iia ?ani?aaeaeaiey ?ano?nia, aeeth/ay oeiainiaua, aua
e oi?aaeaiea iioeaaoeeae e aeayoaeueiinoueth iaaeia?niiaea, o.e. yoi
naiy iaeanoue ciaiey e oaoiieiaee – iai?a?uaiia oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii
iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue a EIO, eiaaea eieeaeoea ?anniao?eaaaony eae aaeeiay
a?oiia, yeiiiie/anee caeioa?aniaaiiay a i?aaeinoaaeaiee ea/anoaaiiie
iiiiue. Eeanne/aneee iiaeoiae, i?aaeeiaeaiiue iai?a?aeaaiui aaoi?eoaoii
a iaeanoe ?aoi?ie?iaaiey iaaeeoeeiu, aia?eeaioeai Aeiiaaaaeyiii,
i?aaeiieaaaao aeey oeaeae oi?aaeaiey auaeaeeoue a iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue
o?e ninoaaeythuea: no?oeoo?o eee ?ano?nu, i?ioeann eee oaoiieiaeth
iiiiue e enoiae eee ?acoeueoao.
No?oeoo?a (?ano?nu) – ioiineoaeueii noaaeeueiua ninoaaeythuea (EIO n
ia?niiaeii e iai?oaeiaaieai, enoi/ieee oeiaine?iaaiey). Aeey iaania/aiey
ea/anoaa ?ano?nu aeieaeiu niioaaonoaiaaoue onoaiiaeaiiui noaiaea?oai.
Nianoaaiii ieacaiea iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue iaoeeaioo iacuaatho i?ioeannii
eee oaoiieiaeae. Ea/anoai i?ioeanna onoaiaaeeaaaony ia iniiaa oiai, /oi
aeieaeii auoue auiieiaii. A /oi eanaaony iaaeee/iinoiuo ioiioaiee, oi
ooo aeey a?a/a aeaenoaoao i?aaeei: “Iinooiae oae, eae ou oioae au, /oiau
iinooiaee n oiaie”.
Enoiaeu eee ?acoeueoaou – eciaiaiea oaeouaai e aoaeouaai ninoiyiey
caei?iauey iaoeeaioa ii n?aaiaieth n i?aaeuaeouei. Caeanue iaiaoiaeeii
o/eouaaoue oaeaea nioeeaeueiua e ineoe/aneea ao?eaoou caei?iauey.
Oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii aace?oaony i?aaeaea anaai ia ioeaiea iieacaoaeae
?acoeueoaoia. Anee iie auoee ca aeeaiacii noaiaea?oia ?acoeueoaoia,
oieueei oiaaea ioaeii ?acae?aoueny, ii/aio yoi i?iecioei – nia/aea
aiaeece?iaaoue niaethaeaiea noaiaea?oia oaoiieiaee, a iioii, i?e
iaiaoiaeeiinoe, niaethaeaiea noaiaea?oia ?ano?nia.
?aoi?ia cae?aaiio?aiaiey a iaeanoe oi?aaeaiey ea/anoaii aeieaeia
iicaieeoue i?iaiaeeoue ioeaieo iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue ia iniiaa aa
i?iiaaeooi/iuo e eiia/iuo ?acoeueoaoia, e iiea/eaaoue iaaeeoeeineoth
iiiiuue ca aa ea/anoai a niioaaonoaee n yoie ioeaieie. Anee ?acoeueoao
noaiao aeaaiui e?eoa?eai ioeaiee ea/anoaa, oi aeey anae nenoaiu e aeey
eaaeaeiai a?a/a aeaaiie oeaeueth aeayoaeueiinoe noaiiaeony ia iauai
oneoa, ia no?iaia niaethaeaiea noaiaea?oia i?ioeanna, a iieiaeeoaeueiua
eciaiaiey ninoiyiey caei?iauey iaoeeaioa.
Aeey anao ninoaaeythueo onoaiaaeeaathony noaiaea?ou, oae eae ioeaieo e
eiio?ieue aiciiaeii i?iaiaeeoue oieueei iooai n?aaiaiey ni noaiaea?oii.
E ianoiyuaio iiiaioo iu eiaai iaiaoiaeeioth caeiiiaeaoaeueioth aaco,
no?oeoo?o, ethaeneea e iaoa?eaeueiua ?ano?nu, /oiau ?ac?aaioaoue ia
oaaea?aeueiii o?iaia iaiaoiaeeiua noaiaea?ou.
I?aaenoaaeyai eiioeaiooaeueiia i?aaeeiaeaiea: eeeie/aneea einoeooou
aeieaeiu ?ac?aaioaoue noaiaea?ou iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue ia iniiaa
iauai?eiyoiai a ie?a iaoiaea “aeieacaoaeuenoaa i?aeoeeie
?acoeueoaoeaiinoe e yooaeoeaiinoe i?aaeeaaaaiuo iaoeie oaoiieiaee” –
“aeineiaii”, “iaaeeoeeiu, iniiaaiiie ia aeieacaoaeuenoaao”. Yoe
einoeooou aeieaeiu eiaoue aeaiiua eeeie/aneie yieaeaieieiaee,
?inneeneoth e ca?oaaaeioth eioi?iaoeeth i iiaaeoeo oaoiieiaeyo e ia eo
yooaeoeaiinoe a oneiaeyo iaoae no?aiu. ?ac?aaioaiiue oaeei ia?acii
noaiaea?o aoaeao ?aaeueii aeinoeaeeiui aeey ?innee.
Eae iaycaoaeueiay /anoue yoiai noaiaea?oa aeieaeii auoue ii?aaeaeaiea
o/?aaeaeaiee, ieacuaathueo iiiiuue i?e aeaiiii caaieaaaiee (ninoiyiee) a
niioaaonoaee n eeoeaice?iaaiiuie aeaeaie iiiiue a EIO ?acee/iuo o?iaiae,
a cia/eo, eiathueo niioaaonoaothuaa iniauaiea e eaae?u.
Oaeaea /anoueth noaiaea?oa oaoiieiaee aeieaeiu auoue noaiaea?ou ia
?acoeueoaou, i?iiaaeooi/iua e eiia/iua.
Oaaea?aeueiua noaiaea?ou oaoiieiaee iiiiue i?e ?acee/iuo iicieiaeyo,
?ac?aaaouaaaiua a ?acee/iuo o/?aaeaeaieyo, aeieaeiu eiaoue iaeio e oo
aea no?oeoo?o, ooaa?aeaeaiioth Ieicae?aaii.
Noaiaea?ou oaoiieiaee aeieaeiu aeeth/aoue iaania/aiea aaeaeaaoiinoe,
i?aainoaaiiinoe, i?eaeeaeaiiinoe, naiaa?aiaiiinoe, yoaiiinoe e
yooaeoeaiinoe, a noaiaea?ou ?acoeueoaoia – iieacaoaee ?acoeueoaoia
iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue anae niaieoiiinoe ianeoaeeaaaiiai ianaeaiey.
N i?aaeeiaeaiiuie ii?aaeaeaieyie e iieiaeaieyie iiaeii eee niaeaoaoueny
eee iao, ii oieueei iinea eo inaauaiey iu iiaeai a neaaeothuai iaoa?eaea
cao?iiooue aii?inu i?aeoeee, auoaeathuea ec i?aaenoaaeaiiie oai?ee.
A ?aoi?iao – iaoa aoaeouaa
Aua nianai iaaeaaii iu eiaee i/aiue neeueiuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
cae?aaiio?aiaiey a ?aaeiiao e ineaaaaoee Ieicae?aa, eioi?ue iaoiaeeeny n
ieie a eiio?iioaoeee. Ai?i/ai, ia oieueei n ieie, ii e n oiiaeaie, e n
ae?oaeie i?aaiecaoeeyie. Yoio ia?eiae, iaeiiaoe, caeii/eeny. Iaei oiai,
eaeao i?ioeann eiinieeaeaoeee, eioi?ue, i?iyaeony, y oaa?ai, n iiaie
neeie ia i?aaenoiyuai Ana?inneeneii nuacaea a?a/ae, eioi?ue ninoieony
5-7 ethiy. Yoi aoaeao iienoeia eiinieeaee?othuee nuacae. E oio oaeo, /oi
niaauaiea a Aeaoa?eiao?aa ninoiyeinue, – eo/oaa aeieacaoaeuenoai oiai,
/oi o ian naaiaeiy neeueiia Ieienoa?noai cae?aaiio?aiaiey. Neiaeeeanue
i?eioeeieaeueii iiaay neooaoeey: n iaeiie noi?iiu, – neeueiia
Ieienoa?noai cae?aaiio?aiaiey, n ae?oaie noi?iiu, – neeueiua ?aaeiiu.
Anoue, /oi iacuaaaony, i?aaeiao aeey ianoaeaeaiey.
Ieicae?aa, ia iie acaeyae, aeieaeai ii?aaeaeyoue iieeoeeo e no?aoaaeth
?acaeoey io?anee, e yoi oaaaeeoaeueii auei cayaeaii a aeieeaaea
Ieieno?a. Yoi aeieaeii naiaeeoueny e neaaeothuei i?iaeaiai:
1. Iaycaoaeueii a caeiiiaeaoaeueiii ii?yaeea aeieaeiu auoue onoaiiaeaiu
iaoeeiiaeueiua i?ei?eoaou. Iineieueeo yoi caaea/a Ainaeoiu, oi i?e iae
iaiaoiaeeii nicaeaoue niaoeeaeueiua a?oiiu yenia?oia, eioi?ua au yoei
caieiaeenue.
2. Nae/an o ian iaeiieaiu eieinnaeueiaeoea i?iaeaiu a iaeanoe caei?iauey
ianaeaiey. Aeey eo oniaoiiai ?aoaiey iaiaoiaeeii iauaaeeiaiea oneeee
?acee/iuo ieienoa?noa e aaaeiinoa. Neeaie iaeiiai Ieicae?aaa yoe
i?iaeaiu ia ?aoeoue. Oioy oaiiu oooaeoaiey iieacaoaeae caei?iauey
caiaaeeeeenue e iaia/aaony a?iaea au iieiaeeoaeueiay oaiaeaioeey, ii aua
iaecaanoii, neieueei yoi i?iaeeeony.
*oi iaiaoiaeeii naeaeaoue i?aaeaea anaai? Ioaeia ?ac?aaioea
oaaea?aeueiie i?ia?aiiu “Caei?iauea aeey anao a?aaeaeai ?innee”. E
niaeaeaieth, iaeia ec iaiiiaeo no?ai Aa?iiaeneiai ?aaeiia, eioi?ay ia
eiaao oaeie i?ia?aiiu, – yoi iaoa no?aia. Ai iiiaeo no?aiao ie?a oaeea
i?ia?aiiu anoue oaea, e aeaaea aeey ioaeaeueiuo i?iaeioeee.
3. Aeaeaa, iaiaoiaeeii nicaeaiea eiioeaioeee ?aoi?ie?iaaiey
cae?aaiio?aiaiey, iniiaaiiie ia i?ei?eoaoiuo i?iaeaiao. Aac yoiai
aeaeueoa ieeoaea ia aeaeiooueny, iioiio /oi oa??eoi?ee aeieaeiu /aoei
ciaoue, /oi ioaeii ?acaeaaoue a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, /oi ai aoi?oth
i/a?aaeue, ia eaeeo iai?aaeaieyo ioaeii neiioeaio?e?iaaoue oa
ieieiaeueiua ?ano?nu, eioi?ua anoue a oa??eoi?eyo. Eiioeaioeey – yoi
eaeay, yoi caiunae. Naaiaeiy iai ieeoi aua ia neacae, eaeoth
yeiiiie/aneoth e nioeeaeueioth nenoaio iu nicaeaai a no?aia. Eiia/ii,
iiaeii neacaoue, ?ac iu ia ciaai, /oi nicaeaai a no?aia, aeaaaeoa
iiaeiaeaeai e n eiioeaioeeae cae?aaiio?aiaiey. Oaeoth iiceoeeth iiiyoue
iiaeii, ii ii?aaaeaoue iaeuecy. Eae oieueei iu ia?enoai naaa oo nenoaio
a aeaea eiioeaioeee, e eioi?ie iu aeieaeiu no?aieoueny, aoaeao /aoei
aeaeii, a oii ee iu eaeai iai?aaeaiee, eee ia a oii. Eaaeaeue oaa iiaeii
auaa?eoue, eaaeaeue i?eeac iiaeii i?iaa?eoue. Yoi i/aiue aaaeii –
i?iaanoe nae/an oaeoth ?aaioo.
4. Iaiaoiaeeii i/aiue /aoei ?aaioaoue ii oaaea?aeueiui e io?aneaaui
i?ia?aiiai. Eae iiaeii iauaaeeieoue oneeey oa??eoi?ee e ?aaeiiia?
Ai-ia?auo, Ieienoa?noai cae?aaiio?aiaiey ana-oaee aeieaeii eiaoue aeey
yoiai aeaiueae. Oi?aaeaiea ia auaaao aacoeiainiaia. Oiiae eiaao aeaiueae
ia au?aaieaaiea oa??eoi?ee, Ieicae?aa yoeo n?aaenoa ia eiaao. Iaaei,
/oiau Ieicae?aa eiae oioy au iaaieueoea n?aaenoaa, n iaeiie noi?iiu,
aeey au?aaieaaiey athaeaeaoa ii oa??eoi?eyi, a n ae?oaie noi?iiu, aeey
oiai, /oiau iiaeii auei ?aaeeciaaoue io?aneaaua i?ia?aiiu.
5. Ioaeia ?ac?aaioea acaeiinaycaiiuo i?aaiauo aeoia n auaeaeaieai
ia?aii/a?aaeiuo ec ieo. Aicieeee aii?inu, eae iai auoue ni noaoueae
Eiinoeoooeee i aanieaoiie iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue. Enoaoe aiai?y, iaeioi?ua
no?aiu NIA ioeacaeenue io yoie noaouee. C iaeiie noi?iiu, yoi
i?aaeeueii, iioiio /oi iiiiuue o ian ieeiaaea ia auea aanieaoiie. Iu ana
?aaii ieaoeee ca iaa ec iaeiaia. Anee iu ianoaeaaai ia aanieaoiinoe
iaaeeoeeiu, oi aeieaeiu iinoaaeoue aii?in i?yii: ii/aio iaoa
I?aaeoaeuenoai ooiaeeo io ioaaoia? O?e aiaea ia ia?aniao?eaaaony e ia
ooaa?aeaeaaony Aaciaay i?ia?aiia iaycaoaeueiiai iaaeeoeeineiai
no?aoiaaiey. Iieo/aaony neaaeothuaa: iu i?iaeaeea?e?iaaee iiiiuue ii
anaio iauaio Aaciaie i?ia?aiiu, a ia naiii aeaea iiaeai oeiainiai
iaania/eoue yoo i?ia?aiio oieueei ia 40%, e, eae eoia, – iia ia
?aaeecoaony e ia auiieiyaony. ?anooo ieaoiua oneoae. Iooiai /oi iao
aaeeiie iieeoeee, aicieeaao ianna i?ioeai?a/ee e ia ianoao. Ioaeii
ia?aniio?aoue yoi aii?in.
6. Iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeeoue aaeeioth eioi?iaoeeiiioth iieeoeeo. Ana iu
?aaioaai ii ?aciui i?ia?aiiai, ii ?aciui nenoaiai. Ioaeii ii iaeneioio
nio?aieoue iaoo nenoaio noaoenoeee, ii iaiieiea aa ae?oaei
niaea?aeaieai. Aeaei a oii, /oi iu nicaeaee oieeaeueioth nenoaio
noaoenoeee a iaoae no?aia. Aieueoa ie a iaeiie no?aia ie?a oaeie iao.
Yoi oaeeaeoaeueiay, oeaio?aeeciaaiiay nenoaia, ii ea/anoai e
niaea?aeaiea ia anaaaea niioaaonoaoao iaaeaeoia?iaeiui noaiaea?oai.
Iai?eia?, niaeanii iaaeaeoia?iaeiiio ii?aaeaeaieth iiiyoey “a?a/”, a
?innee iaania/aiiinoue ninoaaeyao ia 43 a?a/a ia 10000 ianaeaiey, eae
yoi caoeene?iaaii a noaoenoeea, a anaai 28 a?a/ae, /oi aiieia
niiinoaaeii n ca?oaaaeiuie no?aiaie. Iaiaoiaeeii eo/oa, iieiaa,
i?aaeeueiaa eniieueciaaoue aeinooiioth eioi?iaoeeth.
7. Aeaeaa, ioaeii iaycaoaeueii inouanoaeyoue aaeeioth iieeoeeo a iaeanoe
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai nio?oaeie/anoaa. Eiaaony ieiei 50 iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
i?aaiecaoeee, eioi?ua ?aaioatho iai?yioth n oa??eoi?eyie. A /oi yoi
cia/eo? Iie aaaeue o/ao iaoe ?aaeiiu naiei nenoaiai e i?eioeeiai
cae?aaiio?aiaiey. E, a eiia/iii eoiaa, iu iiaeai iieo/eoue 50 nenoai
cae?aaiio?aiaiey. Anee iu oioei yoiai, oiaaea iu ia i?aaeeueiii iooe. Ia
iie acaeyae, Ieicae?aa caeanue aeieaeai nua?aoue naith aieiaioth
eii?aeeie?othuoth ?ieue, oi anoue aeieaeia auoue yniay iieeoeea a
iaeanoe iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai nio?oaeie/anoaa. Aiiaua, aeieaeia auoue
eii?aeeiaoeey ?aaio ii anai aniaeoai ?aoi?i cae?aaiio?aiaiey,
i?iaiaeeiuo a ?aaeiiao. Iu iaiaieaaainy iiuoii, oieueei eiaaea aio oae
niae?aainy. Ii yoi aea iai?aaeeueii. Ioaeia ?aaoey?ii iaeaaeaiiay
nenoaia eioi?iaoeee i oii, aaea anoue /oi-oi iiaia, eioa?aniia,
i?ia?anneaiia.
8. Ioaeii iaycaoaeueii eii?aeeie?iaaoue oneeey a iaeanoe ?aaeecaoeee
i?eiyouo caeiiia. Ia iieo/eee, e niaeaeaieth, naiaai ?acaeoey “Iniiau
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ia io?aia caei?iauey a?aaeaeai”. A aaaeue eaaeaeay
noaouey Iniia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa aeieaeia auea au?anoe a caeii i?yiiai
aeaenoaey. Iu i?aaeeiaeeee ia?a/aiue caeiiia, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii
i?eiyoue a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue.
E /aio ian i?ecuaaao naaiaeiy Anaie?iay i?aaiecaoeey cae?aaiio?aiaiey?
Iia i?ecuaaao nio?aieoue iauanoaaiiue oa?aeoa? cae?aaiio?aiaiey. Yoi
iniiaa anae nenoaiu cae?aaiio?aiaiey, e iu ia aeieaeiu aa ?ac?ooaoue.
Eiia/ii, aeieaeiu nicaeaaaoueny e /anoiua, aeiiieieoaeueiua
o/?aaeaeaiey. Iiaeaeoenoa, aa?eoa e?aaeeo a aaiea, no?ieoa naie
aieueieoeu, nicaeaaaeoa aeueoa?iaoeaioth nenoaio, ii yoi ia aeieaeii
iineoue ianniaue oa?aeoa?. Iniiao aeieaeia ninoaaeyoue ainoaea?noaaiiay
nenoaia. I?e yoii ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao ia cae?aaiio?aiaiea
aeieaeai ninoaaeyoue ia iaiaa 60%, ieiei 30% – n?aaenoaa iaycaoaeueiiai
iaaeeoeeineiai no?aoiaaiey e ia aieaa 10% – ieaoiua oneoae. Oieueei
oiaaea yoi aoaeao ii?iaeueii ooieoeeiie?othuee, aeeaie i?aaieci.
Aiai?eoue i oii, /oi ieaoiuo oneoa ia aeieaeii auoue, – cia/eo
cae?uaaoue aeaca ia iauaeoeaioth ?aaeueiinoue. Iie nouanoaotho, ioaeii
i?inoi oii?yaei/eoue yoio i?ioeann. Iu oaea eeoeeenue anae neoaeau
iaaeeoeeineie eioi?iaoeee a no?aia. Eaoaae?u ia ciatho, /aio o/eoue, iao
aaeeiie ainoaea?noaaiiie nenoaiu iao/ii-iaaeeoeeineie eioi?iaoeee a
cae?aaiio?aiaiee. Iaci?u ?ooioee, iiainoe iaaeeoeeiu ?ooioee,
yeni?ann-eioi?iaoeey ?ooioea, I?AE ?ooioea. Yoi eoia aacaeoiiie
i?eaaoecaoeee. Ian ni?aoeaatho: anee iu i?eaaoece?oai ea/aaiua
o/?aaeaeaiey, ?acaa iie ia aoaeoo caieiaoueny oai aea naiui? Ia aoaeoo.
Iioiio /oi ae?oaea aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe aoaeoo ai?acaei auaiaeiaa.
Iniiaa i?eaaoecaoeee – yoi iieo/aiea i?eauee. E anee eiio-oi auaiaeii,
oi ii ioe?iao oai eaceii, a ia aieueieoeo. E oaeiai ?iaea i?eia?u
ecaanoiu.
Ana ?aoi?iu aeieaeiu iiaeaa?aaoueny iaeiiio e?eoa?eth: oi?ioi eee ieioi
aieueiiio e oi?ioi eee ieioi a?a/o. Iu anaaaea eaeai io nenoaiu, a yoi
iai?aaeeueii. Iaeiiaoe-oi iu aeieaeiu ?acaa?iooue anth nenoaio
cae?aaiio?aiaiey e iaoeeaioo. O ian iaoeeaio ieeiaaea ii-ianoiyuaio ia
aue a oeaio?a aieiaiey nenoaiu. Oi?ioi aeey iaoeeaioa, – cia/eo, aoaeao
oi?ioay ?aoi?ia, ieioi aeey iaoeeaioa – oaeay ?aoi?ia ia aeieaeia eiaoue
ianoi.
E iineaaeiaa, ianeieueei neia ia iaycaoaeueiii iaaeeoeeineii
no?aoiaaiee. Iiiaea iaaeeoeeineea no?aoiaua i?aaiecaoeee e eiiiaiee
naith aeaaioth ?ieue iiea ia auiieieee. Iie nicaeaaaeenue a oii /enea
aeey aeaoo oeaeae: aeey caueou i?aa iaoeeaioa e aeey iaania/aiey
ea/anoaa iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue. Ii i?aaa iaoeeaioa aua ia anaaaea
niaethaeathony, a ea/anoai iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue iiea ia oeo/oaaony.
Iaiaoiaeeii no?aieoueny e oaeaoaaeaieth e oi?iuaieth anae nenoaiu IIN,
eioi?ay, ii-iiaieth yenia?oia AIC, neiaeia e iayooaeoeaia. Yoa i?iaeaia
anoue, e aa iaaei ?aoaoue.
IA?AIA NIAAUAIEA NAOE YENIA?OIA “NO?AOAAEE ?AOI?IE?IAAIEss
CAe?AAIIO?AIAIEss A AINOI*IIE AA?IIA”
I?aaeaea /ai ?anneacaoue i oii, eae i?ioiaeeei ia?aia niaauaiea naoe
yenia?oia “No?aoaaee ?aoi?ie?iaaiey cae?aaiio?aiaiey a Ainoi/iie Aa?iia”
(naoue EASTNET), auei au iaeeoiei ?acuynieoue, /oi yoi, nianoaaiii, ca
i?aaiecaoeey. Eoae, naoue yenia?oia auea eieoeee?iaaia e iiaeaea?aeaia
Aa?iiaeneei ?aaeiiaeueiui ath?i AIC. ?aaeueiia aiieiuaiea eaeay
nicaeaiey naoe yenia?oia iieo/eea a 1995 a. a oiaea eiinoeueoaoeaiiai
niaauaiey a Oaa?e i?aaenoaaeoaeae Ieienoa?noa cae?aaiio?aiaiey
Aaei?onnee, Iieaeiau e ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. A oio ?ac i?aaenoaaeoaee
Oe?aeiu ia iiaee i?eiyoue o/anoea a niaauaiee, iaeiaei oaea a yiaa?a
1996 a. yoie no?aia ioeoeeaeueii auei i?aaeeiaeaii anooieoue a /eaiu
naoe.
Iaaei neacaoue, /oi i?e o/?aaeaeaiee naoe i?aneaaeiaaeanue oeaeue
nicaeaoue aeey ainoaea?noa-/eaiia niaoeeaeueiue oi?oi aeey iaiaia iiuoii
e ianoaeaeaiey aii?inia, ioiinyueony e no?aoaaeyi ?aoi?ie?iaaiey e
ae?oaei eeth/aaui yeaiaioai i?iaaaeaiey oniaoiuo ?aoi?i a yoii naeoi?a.
IA?AIA NIAAUAIEA
Eoae, ia?aia niaauaiea yenia?oia a ?aieao naoe “No?aoaaey ?aoi?ie?iaaiey
cae?aaiio?aiaiey a Ainoi/iie Aa?iia” auei i?iaaaeaii a Eeoeiaaa
(Iieaeiaa) 24-26 naioya?y oaeouaai aiaea. Ianoiui i?aaiecaoi?ii
niaauaiey aunooieei Ieienoa?noai cae?aaiio?aiaiey ?anioaeeee Iieaeiaa.
I?aaiecaoi?ii niaauaiey ni noi?iiu AIC aunooieei ioaeaeaiea “Nenoaiu
cae?aaiio?aiaiey e oi?aaeaiey neoaeaaie cae?aaiio?aiaiey”.
Niaauaiea auei ?acaeoi eae au ia aeaa /anoe: aeaooaeiaaioth aeeneonneth
ii aii?inai, i?aaenoaaeythuei iauee eioa?an aeey no?ai EASTNET, e
iaeiiaeiaaioth aeeneonneth, iinayuaiioth eiie?aoiui aii?inai
?aoi?ie?iaaiey a Iieaeiaa, a eioi?ie, iiieii /eaiia naoe, i?eiyee
o/anoea iaaethaeaoaee ni noi?iiu Iieaeiau.
Oaeaea auei i?eciaii oeaeaniia?aciui ?anniio?aoue ia ano?a/a ?acoeueoaou
i?iaaaeaiiie a ethia 1996 a. Aa?iiaeneei ?aaeiiaeueiui ath?i AIC
eiioa?aioeee ii aii?inai ?aoi?i cae?aaiio?aiaiey a Aa?iia (Ethaeyia).
Iiieii i?i/eo aii?inia, eanathueony i?iaeai caei?iauey, ia ano?a/a auea
i?eiyoa Oa?oey naoe “AINONAOUe”.
A ia?aue aea aeaiue Eeoeiaaneie ano?a/e ?acoeueoaou Ethaeyineie
eiioa?aioeee auee ?anniio?aiu. Eeth/aaay aea i?acaioaoeey ia?aiai aeiy
niaauaiey iacuaaeanue “Nenoaia iieaou neoaea ia?ae/iie
iaaeeei-naieoa?iie iiiiue: n?aaieoaeueiue iaci? iianiinoae e
aiciiaeiinoae n oi/ee c?aiey oeo/oaiey caei?iauey ianaeaiey”.
Aoi?ie aeaiue aue iieiinoueth iinayuai i?iaeaiai cae?aaiio?aiaiey a
Iieaeiaa. Ii iai oioaeinue au aeoeaioe?iaaoue naia aieiaiea ia o?aoueai
aeia canaaeaiey, eiaaea n aeieeaaeii “Aeaoeaio?aeecaoeey neoaea
cae?aaiio?aiaiey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee: iuiaoiyy neooaoeey e ieaiu ia
aoaeouaa” aunooiee caianoeoaeue Ieieno?a cae?aaiio?aiaiey ?O
A.E.Noa?iaeoaia.
Ii, a /anoiinoe, ioiaoee, /oi iinea i?eiyoey caeiia “Ia iniiaao ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey” a ?inneeneii cae?aaiio?aiaiee i?iecioae neeoeii ?aceee
iiai?io io /?acia?ii oeaio?aeeciaaiiie e o?aaiaioa?iie nenoaia. Ia
oaeaeinue, e niaeaeaieth, iaania/eoue naiaa?aiaiiia ?aca?aie/aiea
iieiiii/ee.
Iioa?yiu aeaenoaeoaeueii iaiaoiaeeiua ?u/aae oi?aaeaiey io?aiie
caei?iauey eae nenoaiie iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee. Ineaaea eii?aeeie?othuay
e ?aaoee?othuay ?ieue oaaea?aeueiuo i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey
cae?aaiio?aiaieai, /oi, a eiia/iii eoiaa, i?eaaei e neeueiie
aeeooa?aioeeaoeee a oneiaeyo ieacaiey iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue a ?aaeiiao.
Eaaeaeia ioieoeeiaeueiia ia?aciaaiea noaei no?ieoue naith caieioooth
nenoaio cae?aaiio?aiaiey.
E oiio aea iaiaoeeinue i?ioeai?a/ea iaaeaeo iieiaeaieyie caeiiia “I
iaaeeoeeineii no?aoiaaiee” e ” I ianoiii naiioi?aaeaiee”. Anee ia?aue
i?aaeoniao?eaaao au?aaieaaiea oneiaee oeiaine?iaaiey ieacaiey
iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue a i?aaeaeao noauaeoa Oaaea?aoeee, oi aoi?ie
aeaeea?e?oao i?eioeei niaea?aeaiey naoe ioieoeeiaeueiiai
cae?aaiio?aiaiey e iaania/aiey iio?aaiinoae ianoiiai ianaeaiey.
A.E.Noa?iaeoaia caiaoee, /oi a eaeie-oi ia?a yoa o?aaiaioaoeey nenoaiu
eiiiaine?oaony oneeeyie oiiaeia IIN. Oai ia iaiaa aiciiaeiinoe nenoaiu
IIN aanueia ia?aie/aiu: naaiaeiy /a?ac aa no?oeoo?u i?ioiaeeo oieueei
30-35% anao ?ano?nia cae?aaiio?aiaiey. Iieiaeaiea onoaoaeyaony oai, /oi
a aeayoaeueiinoe oiiaeia IIN e i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey cae?aaiio?aiaieai, eae
i?aaeei, ia i?iniao?eaaaony aaeeiue iiaeoiae e ?aoaieth aii?inia io?aiu
caei?iauey. A, neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia aeiaeaoenue eii?aeeiaoeee aeaenoaee
i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey e no?oeoo? IIN, iu iieo/eee ?aciuaaiea
ioaaonoaaiiinoe n auoaeathuei ionthaea nie?auaieai athaeaeaoiiai
oeiaine?iaaiey.
Aeieeaae/ee ioiaoee, /oi ?acaeaeaiea oeiainiauo iioieia cao?oaeiyao
oi?ie?iaaiea nenoaiu yeiiiie/aneie iioeaaoeee aeey eaaeaeiai EIO.
Neeaaeuaaaony eae au nenoaia “aeaoo yeiiiiee” a ?aieao iaeiiai
o/?aaeaeaiey.
Ioiaoea ana iaaaoeaiua iiiaiou nouanoaothuae ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue
nenoaiu cae?aaiio?aiaiey, caianoeoaeue Ieieno?a cae?aaiio?aiaiey ?O aian
ianeieueei i?aaeeiaeaiee ii i?aiaeieaieth yoiai iieiaeaiey. A /anoiinoe,
iaiaoiaeeii onoaiiaeoue /aoeia ?acaeaeaiea ooieoeee oaaea?aeueiuo
i?aaiia e i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee, oi anoue aeieaeai
ooaa?aeeoueny i?eioeei “iiaiai oaaea?aeecia”.
Iaoaieci ?ac?aaioee e ooaa?aeaeaiey i?ia?aii io?aiu caei?iauey aeieaeai
auoue aianai a “Iniiau caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ?O ia io?aia caei?iauey”.
Aeaeaa, iaiaoiaeeii iiauneoue ?ieue oaaea?aeueiuo i?aaiia a iaania/aiee
aa?aioee ?aaainoaa a aeinooiiinoe iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue. Aeey yoiai
o?aaoaony, n iaeiie noi?iiu, ?aaeueiay ioeaiea oeiainiauo aiciiaeiinoae
eaaeaeiai noauaeoa Oaaea?aoeee, a n ae?oaie – oaaea?aeueiay
iiaeaea?aeea.
Iaoaieciii ?aaeecaoeee aa?aioee iaiaoiaeeii naeaeaoue caeiiiaeaoaeueii
ioi?ieaiiia i?aaeei ooaa?aeaeaiey Aaciaie i?ia?aiiu IIN Ainoaea?noaaiiie
Aeoiie.
Aeey iiauoaiey eiiieaeniinoe nenoaiu cae?aaiio?aiaiey neaaeoao oaeaea
?anoe?eoue i?aaa e iiaeiyoue ioaaonoaaiiinoue i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey
cae?aaiio?aiaieai noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee. ?a/ue eaeao ia i ainnicaeaiee
i?aaeiae aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiie nenoaiu, a i auiieiaiee aeeciaiii
aaaeiuo aeey anae nenoaiu cae?aaiio?aiaiey ooieoeee, e /eneo eioi?uo
ioiinyony i?aaeaea anaai:
· oi?ie?iaaiea e iaania/aiea ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaycaoaeuenoa a ioiioaiee
i?aaeinoaaeaiey anai eaoaai?eyi ianaeaiey iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue ia o?iaia
aaciaie i?ia?aiiu IIN;
· no?aoaae/aneia e oaeouaa ieaie?iaaiea ieacaiey iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue;
· iiieoi?eia e ioeaiea aeayoaeueiinoe o/?aaeaeaiee cae?aaiio?aiaiey e
iiaenenoai ioieoeeiaeueiiai cae?aaiio?aiaiey.
A aeey ?aoaiey yoeo aii?inia iaiaoiaeeii ia o?iaia noauaeoa ?O
oeaio?aeeciaaoue /anoue n?aaenoa, niae?aaiuo ia ioieoeeiaeueiii o?iaia,
n iineaaeothuei eo ?ani?aaeaeaieai ii ai?iaeai e ?aeiiai ia iniiaa
iiaeooaaiai ii?iaoeaa oeiaine?iaaiey.
E aua ia iaeiii iiiaioa inoaiiaeeny aeieeaae/ee: iaiaoiaeeii
ainnoaiiaeoue nenoaio eiio?iey ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeayoaeueiinoe ii
oi?aaeai/aneie aa?oeeaee. Yoi icia/aao, /oi i?aaiu oi?aaeaiey
cae?aaiio?aiaieai ?aaoey?ii aiaeece?otho e ioeaieaatho ?acoeueoaou
aeayoaeueiinoe EIO, ei??aeoe?oy ia yoie iniiaa ieaiu ?acaeoey io?anee.
Aio oae oacenii iiaeii auei au ioiaoeoue aaaeiaeoea iiiaiou aunooieaiey
caianoeoaey Ieieno?a cae?aaiio?aiaiey ?O.
IEAIU IA AOAeOUAA
Neaaeothuoth ano?a/o o/anoieeia naoe EASTNET iaia/aii i?iaanoe oaea a
1997 a. I?aaeeaaaaiay oaiaoeea auaeyaeeo i?eia?ii oae:
1. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?iaeieaeaiey ?aaiou ii Ia?ae/iie iaaeeei-naieoa?iie
iiiiue.
2. Oeiaine?iaaiea noaoeeiia?iie neoaeau.
3. Ieaie?iaaiea oiiaeia (iniaaiii ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea eia/iiai oiiaea) e
ethaeneeo ?ano?nia.
4. I?aeoe/aneia oi?aaeaiea ia?aiaiaie a nenoaia cae?aaiio?aiaiey ia
?aaeiiaeueiii e ?aeiiiii o?iaiyo. Oeaeue – ociaoue eae iiaeii aieueoa i
i?aeoe/aneeo aniaeoao aiaae?aiey ?aoi?i.
5. Eniieueciaaiea aacu aeaiiuo A?A AIC e ae?oaeo enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee
ii ?aoi?iai.
Iaia/aii, /oi A?A AIC iiaeaioiaeo ia?auaiea e Ieienoa?noao
cae?aaiio?aiaiey Oe?aeiu n i?inueaie ia i?aaiecaoeee Niaauaiey a 1997 a.
ia aa oa??eoi?ee.
Caei?iauea – iaoa caei?iauea.
I. IAOeEIIAEUeIAss NO?AOAAEss A IAEANOE IO?AIU CAeI?IAUess
E niaeaeaieth, ?inney aoiaeeo a oi iaaieueoia /enei no?ai, eioi?ua aei
neo ii? ia ?aniieaaatho iaoeeiiaeueiie no?aoaaeae a iaeanoe io?aiu
caei?iauey naieo a?aaeaeai. Yoi naycaii n oai, /oi e iiiuia caei?iauea
iaoeee yaeyaony ia iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo ia?aiao?ia nioeeaeueiiai
aeaaiiieo/ey, a eeoue aaaeiinoaaiiui e?eoa?eai. Naaiaeiyoiyy
iaaeeei-aeaiia?aoe/aneay neooaoeey – ?acoeueoao ia oieueei oneiaee,
neiaeeaoeony a iineaaeiea aiaeu, ii e iaeiieaiiuo iaaaoeaiuo oaiaeaioeee
a i?ioeua aeanyoeeaoey.
Iaeiaei e nae/an ia aeey anao i/aaeaeia enoeia: ia aoaeao caei?iauey –
ia aoaeao yeiiiieee. A anee nae/an ia i?eiyoue yeno?aiiua ia?u ii
nio?aiaieth caei?iauey e nianaieth aeecie ethaeae, oi anei?a iaeiio
aoaeao ainnoaiaaeeaaoue ?ac?ooaiioth yeiiiieeo.
A neiaeeaoaeny ianoaiiaea i?aaenoaaeyaony iaeaieaa ia?niaeoeaiui e
?aoeeiiaeueiui i?eiyoea Aa?iiaeneie no?aoaaee caei?iauey. ?aaeecaoeey
yoie no?aoaaee iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny o ian /a?ac:
· iaoeeiiaeueioth i?ia?aiio “Caei?iauea aeey anao”;
· iaoeeiiaeueioth i?ia?aiio “Caei?iaua ai?iaea”;
· nicaeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai iieiiii/iiai i?aaia, ioaaonoaaiiiai ca
caei?iauea e iauaaeeiythuaai aeey yoiai ana neeu;
· nicaeaiea Iaoeeiiaeueiiai einoeoooa caei?iauey ?innee n caaea/aie
iao/iiai iainiiaaiey iieeoeee a iaeanoe cae?aaiio?aiaiey;
· ?ac?aaioeo aaeeiie eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu n iauaaeeiaieai oneeee anao
aaaeiinoa, ?aniieaaathueo eioi?iaoeeae i ?acee/iuo aniaeoao caei?iauey
ianaeaiey, a oaeaea nicaeaiea nenoaiu iiieoi?eiaa caei?iauey aeey anao
?aaeiiia ?innee.
Eiaiii oaeie iiaeoiae iicaieeo ni a?aiaiai nianoeoue aeoeaiou n ea/aiey
aieueiuo ia i?ioeeaeoeeo caaieaaaiee e oe?aieaiea caei?iauey.
II. I?EI?EOAOIUA I?IAEAIU CAeI?IAUess E CAe?AAIIO?AIAIEss
Onoaiiaeaiea iao/ii iainiiaaiiuo i?ei?eoaoia yaeyaony eo/oei niiniaii
?aoeeiiaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey anao aeaeia ?ano?nia. Iaaei o/anoue, /oi
yoi – aeeiaie/iue i?ioeann, oae eae ni a?aiaiai i?ei?eoaou iiaoo
iaiyoueny. Yoi caaeneo oaeaea io oeaeae – aeieain?i/iuo, n?aaeian?i/iuo
e e?aoein?i/iuo – aeey no?aiu, ?aaeiiia e naiie nenoaiu
cae?aaiio?aiaiey.
Enneaaeiaaiey iiiiaee auaeaeeoue i?ei?eoaoiua i?iaeaiu ?acaeoey
cae?aaiio?aiaiey ia aeeaeaeoaa aeanyoeeaoey. E eo /eneo ioianaiu:
· oi?ie?iaaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u ia?ae/iie iaaeeei-nioeeaeueiie
iiiiue ia i?eioeeia a?a/a iauae i?aeoeee (naiaeiiai a?a/a);
· ?ai?aaiecaoeey nei?ie iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue;
· ?ai?aaiecaoeey neoaeau eioaineaiie oa?aiee e ?aaieiaoeee iooai
iiauoaiey iia?aoeaiie aeinooiiinoe e iae;
· oi?ie?iaaiea yoaiiie noaoeeiia?iie iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue ii i?eioeeio
aieueieoe n ?acee/iie eioaineaiinoueth ea/aaii-aeeaaiinoe/aneiai
i?ioeanna;
· niaa?oainoaiaaiea ?aaaeeeoaoeeiiiie iiiiue, nicaeaiea aeiiia
nano?eineiai ooiaea;
· aiaae?aiea nenoaiu ioeaiee, eiio?iey e iaania/aiey ea/anoaa
iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue.
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey anao auoaia?a/eneaiiuo oeaeae iaiaoiaeeii
inouanoaeoue:
· oi?ie?iaaiea niioaaonoaothuae caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aacu;
· niaa?oainoaiaaiea iiaeaioiaee iaaeeoeeineeo eaae?ia, nenoaiu
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe e nenoaiu
iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai e eaea?noaaiiiai iaania/aiey;
· ?ac?aaioeo aaeaeaaoiiai eioi?iaoeeiiiiai iaania/aiey;
· nicaeaiea iiieoi?eiaa ca oiaeii ?aoi?i, aiaae?aiea nenoaiu
iaycaoaeueiiai iaaeeoeeineiai no?aoiaaiey ii anae no?aia.
Ii eaaeaeiio ec ioia/aiiuo i?ei?eoaoiuo iai?aaeaiee aeieaeiu auoue
nicaeaiu e ?aaeeciaaiu nioeeaeueiua oaaea?aeueiua i?ia?aiiu.
III. Ae?OAEA I?EIOeEIEAEUeIUA I?IAEAIU ?AOI?I CAe?AAIIO?AIAIEss
E?iia oeacaiiuo i?ei?eoaoiuo iai?aaeaiee, aieueoia cia/aiea a ianoiyuaa
a?aiy e ia ia?niaeoeao eiatho aeaa aaaeiuo aii?ina:
· niioiioaiea oeaio?aeecaoeee e aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee a oi?aaeaiee
cae?aaiio?aiaieai;
· niioiioaiea ?acee/iuo oi?i nianoaaiiinoe a cae?aaiio?aiaiee.
Iniiaiua oi/ee c?aiey ii ia?aiio aii?ino naiaeyony e oiio, /oi ?ieue
Ieicae?aaa ?innee a i?iaaaeaiee ?aoi?i ia oa??eoi?eyo aeieaeia
oneeeaaoueny. A yoi cia/eo: oi?ie?iaaiea aeieai- e n?aaeian?i/iie
iieeoeee e no?aoaaee aeayoaeueiinoe cae?aaiio?aiaiey; ?aaeecaoeey
oaeoe/aneeo caaea/ a aeaea io?aneaauo i?ia?aii; eii?aeeiaoeey
i?iaiaeeiuo a ?aaeiiao ?aoi?i; i?iaaaeaiea aaeeiie eaae?iaie iieeoeee;
oeaio?aeeciaaiiua i?eia?aoaiey iaaeeeaiaioia; i?aaiecaoeey eeeaeaeaoeee
iaaeeoeeineeo iineaaenoaee /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee.
Ii aoi?iio aii?ino neaaeothuea iunee. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a ie?a
neiaeeeenue o?e iniiaiua iiaeaee cae?aaiio?aiaiey: i?aeiouanoaaiii
ainoaea?noaaiiia n yeaiaioaie /anoiie i?aeoeee, i?aeiouanoaaiii
no?aoiaay iaaeeoeeia e niaoaiiay iiaeaeue. A nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo a
ea/anoaa iaeaieaa iioeiaeueiiai niioiioaiey AIC ?aeiiaiaeoao oaeoth
i?iii?oeeth: ainathaeaeao – 60%, iaaeeoeeineia no?aoiaaiea – 30%,
ieaoiua oneoae – 10%. E niaeaeaieth, ?inney, ii aeaiiui Anaie?iiai
Aaiea, ?anoiaeoao ia cae?aaiio?aiaiea iaiiiai iaiueoa, /ai yoi ia
oieueei iaiaoiaeeii, ii e aiciiaeii. Eiia/ii, anoue o?oaeiinoe
iauaeoeaiiai ii?yaeea. Oae, eaeay noaiiaeaiey /anoiie iaaeeoeeiu
oie?aaony a ieceee o?iaaiue aeecie ianaeaiey, a iaieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue
iaoeeaioia.
IV. INIIAIUA IAI?AAEAIEss AINOAeA?NOAAIIIE IIEEOEEE A IAEANOE IO?AIU
CAeI?IAUess
Ioia/aiiua iai?aaeaiey iiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue a aeaea aaeoi?ia ?aoi?i
cae?aaiio?aiaiey, o.a. iooae ia?aoiaea io neiaeeaoaeny e ia?niaeoeaiie
iiaeaee. E eo /eneo ioiinyony:
· io noaoeeiia?iie iiiiue e aiaoeaoi?iie;
· io niaoeeaeece?iaaiiie iiiiue e iauae;
· io iauaia iaaeoneoa e eo ea/anoao;
· io ?inoa /enea a?a/ae e ea/anoao eo ?aaiou;
· io aeanoei oeaio?aeeciaaiiie nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey e ?aca?aie/aieth
iieiiii/ee oeaio?a e ?aaeiiia;
· io ea/aiey caaieaaaiee e eo i?ioeeaeoeea;
· io aani?aaiinoe iaoeeaioia e eo i?aaai e iaycaiiinoyi.
Aeey ?aaeecaoeee ioia/aiiuo iai?aaeaiee iaiaoiaeeia niioaaonoaothuay
caeiiiaeaoaeueiay aaca, eioi?oth oaeaea aua i?aaenoieo nicaeaoue.
Naoaaua oaoiieiaee a aia?eeaineii cae?aaiio?aiaiee
I?aaenoaaeoaee aaeieieno?aoeee Eeeioiia iaia?iaeiaaee ieaiu nicaeaiey
eiiiuethoa?ece?iaaiiie naoaaie nenoaiu ?aaeno?aoeee e aaaeaiey enoi?ee
aieaciae iaoeeaioia eae iniiaiie /anoe i?ia?aiiu ?aoi?iu nenoaiu
cae?aaiio?aiaiey a NOA, ioeoeeaeueii i?aaenoaaeaiiie i?aceaeaioii
inaiueth i?ioeiai aiaea.
Aeey oiaiueoaiey iauaiia aoiaaeiie aeieoiaioaoeee e nieaeaiey ?anoiaeia
oaaea?aeueiia i?aaeoaeuenoai iaia?aii nicaeaoue iaoeeiiaeueioth
eioi?iaoeeiiioth naoue n ?aaeiiaeueiuie oeaio?aie aeey ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo
i iaoeeaioao. A ?aieao iiauo acaeiiioiioaiee i?aaiia cae?aaiio?aiaiey n
i?aaeoaeuenoaii no?aoiaua aaaionoaa e aieueieoeu, eae iaeeaeaaony,
aoaeoo eniieueciaaoue naoue aeey niaianoiie ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee ia
ia?auaieyo ca iaaeeoeeineie iiiiuueth e i eeeie/aneeo aeaiiuo.
A nayce n yoei i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua e?oae caeioa?aniaaiu a onoaiiaeaiee
noaiaea?oia ia oi?iaou e n?aaenoaa caueou aeaiiuo, a oaeaea
iaycaoaeueiii aiaae?aiee eo a aoaeouai.
I?aceaeaio Eeeioii a iaeiii ec naieo aunooieaiee iacaae nouanoaothuoth
nenoaio cae?aaiio?aiaiey “iaiyoieeii aoiaaeiie oaoiieiaee”, iaiiiiea i
ouny/ao iaaeeoeeineeo oi?i, eniieuecoaiuo a NOA: “Iu niiaeai nyeiiiieoue
cia/eoaeueiua n?aaenoaa, anee oi?inoei yoo nenoaio. Ii iiaui i?aaeeai
aoaeao oieueei iaeia noaiaea?oiay oi?ia”. “Iu ioaeaeaainy a noaiaea?oao
aeey auno?iai e yooaeoeaiiai iaiaia aeaiiuie”,- i?eciae Iaeee Oeooeii?en
(Michael Fitzmaurice), ?oeiaiaeeoaeue iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneiai
ioaeaea Ieienoa?noaa cae?aaiio?aiaiey e nioeeaeueiiai iaania/aiey NOA.
Oeooeii?en, eioi?ue i?aaenoaaeye ieaiu aaeieieno?aoeee Eeeioiia ia
eiioa?aioeee annioeeaoeee Electronic Industries Association (EIA),
iauyaee, /oi noaiaea?ou ia enoi?ee aieaciae iaoeeaioia, a oaeaea ia
nenoaiu ?aaeno?aoeee eo ia?auaiee ca iaaeeoeeineie iiiiuueth, iieaou e
ia?a/eneaiey aeaiaa a ianoiyuaa a?aiy i?ioiaeyo i?iaa?eo. Niaoeeaeeno ii
ia?eaoeiao ei?ii?aoeee Electronic Data Systems Eeca Nieoee (Lisa Salzl),
o/anoaiaaaoay a ninoaaeaiee io/aoa EIA ioiineoaeueii o?aaiaaiee,
i?aaeuyaeyaiuo e eiiioieeaoeeyi e eiiiuethoa?ai aeey oaaea?aeueiuo
iieueciaaoaeae, niiaueea, /oi oaea nae/an Oi?aaeaiea ii oeiaine?iaaieth
cae?aaiio?aiaiey (HCFA), eioi?ia caieiaaony ia?aaioeie ia?auaiee ca
iaaeeoeeineie iiiiuueth, i?enooieei e ninoaaeaieth ieaiia aieaa oe?ieiai
eniieueciaaiey naoae a ?aieao ?aoi?iu nenoaiu cae?aaiio?aiaiey.
“Enoiaeiui o?aaiaaieai aoaeao aaoiiaoecaoeey ia?aaioee o?aaeeoeeiiiuo
no?aoiauo o?aicaeoeee”,- cayaeea Oaiia Ein (Shannah Koss), iiiiuiee
aeaau ioaeaeaiey oi?aaeaiey e oeiainia. Ii aieueieoeu e no?aoiaua
aaaionoaa oaea eioa?anothony, ai neieueei iaieaeaony iaiiaeaiea nenoaiu.
?acoiiia cae?aaiio?aiaiea Eae ioiaoee Eeeioii a naiai ia?auaiee e
aia?eeaineiio ia?iaeo, a aoaeouai eaaeaeue a?aaeaeaiei NOA iieo/eo
ea?oi/eo nenoaiu iaoeeiiaeueiiai cae?aaiio?aiaiey, onoaiaaeeaathuoth
i?aaa aeinooia e n?aaenoaai iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue. Ea?oi/ea – aoaeao ee
iia i?inoay iaaieoiay eee “eioaeeaeooaeueiay” – aeieaeia niaea?aeaoue
eaeaioeoeeaoi? aeaaeaeueoea e eioi?iaoeeth i iai. Iaeiaei a
aaeieieno?aoeee i?iaeieaeathony aeaaaou ii iiaiaeo oiai,
ainiieueciaaoueny ee a yoie ea?oi/ea iiia?ii, eiathueiny aeey eaaeaeiai
a?aaeaeaieia a nenoaia nioeeaeueiie caueou (Social Security), eee
aaiaeeoue ioaeaeueiue eaeaioeoeeaoi?. “Nouanoaoao aiyciue iauaaeeiaiey
eioi?iaoeee iaaeeoeeineiai oa?aeoa?a n ae?oaeie aeaiiuie, oaeeie eae
i?ioaiey i caeeaaeiuo”,- iiyniee Oeooeii?en. Nieoee ioiaoeea, /oi
iaia?aiea HCFA aiaae?eoue aaeeiua eiiiuethoa?iua enoi?ee aieaciae
iaoeeaioia naycaii n aeaoiy i?iaeaiaie: n nicaeaieai noaiaea?oia e
oaeanoi/aieai i?aaee caueou eioi?iaoeee i iaoeeaioa. Oeooeii?en
iiae/a?eioe, /oi iaiaoiaeeiinoue niaethaeaiey i?eioeeia a?a/aaiie oaeiu
o?aaoao i?eiyoey iiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, ?aaeaiaioe?othuaai neo/ae
eniieueciaaiey eioi?iaoeee i iaoeeaioa. Ii neiaai ?iaa?oa Aoaeca (Robert
Woods), iiiiuieea ?oeiaiaeeoaey oi?aaeaiey Information Resource
Management, Ieienoa?noai NOA ii aeaeai o/anoieeia aieiu, eioi?ia
oi?aaeyao nenoaiie aieueieoe a ianooaaao no?aiu e ieacuaaao iiiaeanoai
ae?oaeo oneoa, aaeaaiaeii oa?yao ieiei 60 iei. aeiee. ec-ca iao/oaiiuo
iaoeeaioia, oaeeo eae oia?oea aaoa?aiu. “I?e yeaeo?iiiie nenoaia
ia?a/eneaiee yoe aeaiueae iinooiatho ia iauaaeeiaiiue /aeiaue n/ao,
ioeoaea eo o?oaeii iieo/eoue ia?aoii,- iiyniyao Aoaen.- Anee au
oi?aaeaiea ii nioeeaeueiie caueoa (Social Security Administration),
?aniieaaathuaa en/a?iuaathueie aeaiiuie i a?aaeaeaieia, i?ieioi?ie?iaaei
ieienoa?noai, ioi?aaea /aea auea au i?einoaiiaeaia”. Anee eciaiaiey a
nenoaia cae?aaiio?aiaiey aoaeoo inouanoaeyoueny a niioaaonoaee n ieaiii,
oi noaiaea?ou, noaey ii anaio, noaioo iaycaoaeueiuie. Eae niiauee
Aeaiien Ooaeia? (Dennis Steinauer), nio?oaeiee Iaoeeiiaeueiiai einoeoooa
noaiaea?oia e oaoiieiaee, i?aaeiieaaaaony ia?aciaaoue iaoeeiiaeueioth
eiienneth ii cae?aaiio?aiaieth, eioi?ay onoaiiaeo aaeeiua o?aaiaaiey a
iaeanoe caueou eioi?iaoeee i iaoeeaioa. Enoiaey ec i?aaeiieaaaaiie
iieeoeee, io?aaeathuae nouanoaothuee eioi?iaoeeiiiue eiaeaen, i/aaeaeia
iaaiciiaeiinoue nicaeaiey nenoaiu nae?aoiuo aeaiiuo, oae eae iaoeeaiou
iieo/ao i?aai ia i?iniio? naieo enoi?ee aieaciae, a eioi?iaoeey aoaeao
niae?aoueny oieueei aeey naieoeeiie?iaaiiuo oeaeae.
Eeoa?aoo?a.
1. A.Ae. Naeaciaa, E.A. Iieyeia. Yeiiiie/aneea iniiau aini?iecaiaenoaa
caei?iauey ianaeaiey a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeiie yeiiiieee. Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a,
1996a.
2. A.N. Eo/eaae/. Iniiau nioeeaeueiie iaaeeoeeiu e oi?aaeaiey
cae?aaiio?aiaieai, Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a, 1997a.
3. A.N. Eo/eaae/, E.A. Iieyeia. Iniiau iaaeeoeeineiai no?aoiaaiey a
?innee. Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a, 1995a.
4. Ie? iaaeeoeeiu, ?6 ca 1997 aiae, no?.21-23. Aeoeia A.I. Nioeeaeueiay
caueoa a?aaeaeai a oneiaeyo iaycaoaeueiiai iaaeeoeeineiai no?aoiaaiey.
5. E.A. Iieyeia, O.I. Caeaineay, I.A. ?iiaoia, I.A. Ieaiaa?iaa.
Yeiiiieea cae?aaiio?aiaiey a nenoaia ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee. O/aaiia
iiniaea. Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a, 1997.
6. Eocueiaiei A.A., Aa?aiia A.A., Oeeaiei TH.A. Cae?aaiio?aiaiea a
oneiaeyo ?uii/iie yeiiiieee, I., 1994.
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