NAIA?NEEE AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE IAAeEOeEINEEE OIEAA?NEOAO
Eo?niaay ?aaioa ii aeiyoeea
Oaia: «I?ioanneiiaeueiay ii?aeue»
Eniieieoaeue:
nooaeaioea oaeoeueoaoa
ANI, 187 a?.
Aa?eiiaa TH.TH.
I?iaa?eea:
Ee/aoiaa A.TH.
Nuc?aiue 2000 aiae
Ieai:
1. Aeaiioieiae/aneea iniiau iaaeeoeeiu.
I?ioanneiiaeueiay ii?aeue a?a/ae
Iauea iaycaiiinoe a?a/a
Acaeiiioiioaiey a?a/a e iaoeeaioa
Aeaiioieiaey a aeayoaeueiinoe n?aaeiaai iaaeeoeeineiai ia?niiaea
Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a e aieueiie
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue eiaeaen iaaeeoeeineie yoeee.
Aeaiioieiae/aneea iniiau iaaeeoeeiu.
I?aau e iau/ae ethaeae ia/aee oi?ie?iaaoueny aua a aeienoi?e/aneea
a?aiaia. Iie neoaeeee eae au iniiaiuie i?aaeeaie, ?aaoee?othueie
ioiioaiey iaaeaeo ethaeueie. E oioy i?aaenoaaeaiey eo i aeia?a e cea
iiiaie?aoii eciaiyeenue io ia?iaea e ia?iaeo, io aaea e aaeo, /oi /anoi
i?yii i?ioeai?a/eei ae?oa ae?oao, oai ia iaiaa iie niinianoaiaaee
oi?ie?iaaieth iaua/aeiaa/aneeo oeaiiinoae, eioi?ua a oa/aiea aaeia
aue?enoaeeece?iaaeenue a aunieiaoiaiiua i?eioeeiu. Ia ana iie yaeythony
iaeiicia/iuie aeey ?acee/iuo ainoaea?noa, iniaaiii oao, eioi?ua
ioee/athony ii naiaio nioeeaeueiiio ono?ienoao. E oai ia iaiaa iaaeaeo
ieie iaoiaeyony oaeea, eioi?ua yaeythony i?eaieaiuie aeey eaaeaeiai
/aeiaaea.
Anoue e a iaaeeoeeia oaeea iaycaoaeueiua i?aaeea, noi?ioee?iaaiiua aua
ai a?aiaia Aeiiie?aoa, aeiaeeaoea aei iaoeo aeiae. E eo iiaeii iacaaoue
aa/iuie enoeiaie. Iniaue aeeaae a iaaeeoeeineoth i?aanoaaiiinoue aian
aiaeeeneee i?aaiaaae E.Aaioai, aeoeaiay aeayoaeueiinoue eioi?iai
i?eoiaeeony ia ?oaaae iaaeaeo XVIII e XIX aaeaie. Aai “i?aaeea”
aeieaeiuo ioiioaiee a?a/a e aieueiiio, a oaeaea ioiioaiee a?a/a e a?a/o,
iacaaiiua aeaiioieiaeae, ia oo?aoeee naiae cia/eiinoe e a iaoe aeie, eae
a ?innee, oae e ai anao ca?oaaaeiuo no?aiao.
O?oae a?a/a yaeyaony aanueia neiaeiui. Iaaea?ii A.I. *aoia a ienueia e
A.N.Noai?iao ienae: “O a?a/ae auaatho ioa?aoeoaeueiua aeie e /anu, ia
aeae aia ieeiio yoiai… Oa ioa?aoeoaeueiua /anu e aeie, i eioi?uo y
aiai?th, auaatho oieueei o a?a/ae’. ?aaioa a?a/a aanueia ia?aiay, e
iaaea?ii i?e ianeaaeiaaiee ninoiyiey eo caei?iauey a ia/aea 70-o aiaeia
auei onoaiiaeaii. /oi iaa?icaie iie no?aaeatho a aeaa ?aca aieueoa, /ai
eiaeaia?u.
Ii ca?oaaaeiui aeaiiui, a?a/e io ea?aeeineea?ica oie?atho a aeaa ?aca
/aua, /ai ae?oaea niaoeeaeenou. E yoi ia io oiai, /oi iie
i?aae?aniieiaeaiu e oeacaiiie aieacie, yoi ?acoeueoao eo iai?yaeaiiie
?aaiou n ineoieiae/aneie oi/ee c?aiey. Oaeiaa eo o/anoue caaioeoueny i
aieueiuo, ia oaeaeyy aeieaeiiai aieiaiey naiaio caei?iaueth. Iaaea?ii
aua a XVII aaea ecaanoiue aieeaiaeneee a?a/ Ieeieaan aai Ooeueia,
eioi?ue iaeiia?aiaiii aue ao?aiieno?ii a. Ainoa?aeaia, a ?acoeueoaoa
naiae iai?yaeaiiie a?a/aaiie ?aaiou auneacae iuneue, eioi?ay noaea aeey
a?a/ae iaoie?athuei aoi?eciii – ‘Naaoy ae?oaei, nai?ath cai.”(Allis
inserviend consumora).
Iuia i?aau ethaeae a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie oi?inoeeenue e oaia?ue a
iaaeeoeeineeo o/?aaeaeaieyo iiaeii oaeaeaoue a?a/ae e n?aaeieo
iaaeeoeeineeo ?aaioieeia a caoa?ouo aeaeeinao, ieioi aua?eouo, ia
i?e/anaiiuo, aac aaenooeia, a iyouo oaeaoao e o.ae. Eiia/ii, iiaea
?ani?ino?aiyaony e ia iaaeeoeeineeo ?aaioieeia, ii a oaeeo neo/ayo iie
ia yaeythony iineoaeyie naieoa?ii-aeaeaie/aneie eoeueoo?u, ia ianoo aa a
ia?iae, ia aeeytho ia eo niciaiea. A caoa?ouo aeaeeinao iiaeii, eiia/ii,
oiaeeoue ai aeai?a, noiaeeoue a iaaacei e ia noaaeeii, ii a
iaaeeoeeineeo o/?aaeaeaieyo a?a/e aeieaeiu auoue iineoaeyie naiie
aunieie eoeueoo?u, i?eia?ii ii?yoiinoe, aaaeeeainoe, eioaeeeaaioiinoe e
aunieie i?aanoaaiiinoe.
Ii?iaeueiuie yoe/aneeie ioiioaieyie iaaeaeo a?a/aie iiaeii n/eoaoue
eeoue oaeea, eiaaea iaaeaeo ieie nouanoaoao iiaeeeiiia acaeiioaaaeaiea.
Yoi icia/aao, /oi eaaeaeue a?a/ aeieaeai oaaaeaoue naieo eieeaa e ia
iiae?uaaoue eo aaoi?eoao. Io yoiai ai iiiaii caaeneo a aieueoeinoaa
neo/aaa oniao ea/aiey aieueiuo. Aaaeue anee iaeei a?a/ aeene?aaeeoe?oao
naieo oiaa?euae ii i?ioannee, ?anneacuaaao iaoeeaioai i iai?aaeeueiuo eo
aeaenoaeyo a i?ioeanna ea/aiey, oi oai naiui ii nicaeaao oaeoth
ianoaiiaeo, eiaaea aieueiie oa?yao aa?o e naiaio a?a/o, /oi io?aaeaaony
ia aai caei?iauea. Yoi aucuaaao o aieueiuo e yo?iaaiiua caaieaaaiey,
eioi?ua /anoi i?ioaeatho i/aiue oyaeaei e a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie
io?aaeathony ia niiaoe/aneii ninoiyiee /aeiaaea. Aaaeue niaeanii
ia?iaeiie ioae?inoe “anee a?a/o ia aa?eoue, aieacie ia iaeieaaoue”.
Eiia/ii, a aeecie auaatho oaeea neo/ae, eiaaea a?a/, eioi?ue ia/eiaao
ea/aiea aieueiiai, /oi-oi aeaeaao ia oae. Iiaeao auoue, ia nianai
oaea/ii iacia/aao eaea?noaa e eiaaea ii eaeei-oi i?e/eiai, ii /aua anaai
a nayce n eiinoeueoaoeeae o aieaa aunieieaaeeoeoee?iaaiiiai
niaoeeaeenoa, ae?oaie a?a/ caia/aao yoi, oi aai caaea/a caeeth/aaony a
oii, /oiau eni?aaeoue aeiiouaiiua ioeaee a i?aaeaeueii ei??aeoiie oi?ia.
A oaeeo neo/ayo a?a/ ia aeieaeai aunoaaeyoue naiaai i?aaeoanoaaiieea,
ia?aui ia/aaoei ea/aiea, eae iao/a, ie/aai ia iiieiathuaai a iaaeeoeeia,
a aianoe i?e yoii iaiaoiaeeiua eciaiaiey.
E niaeaeaieth, ia?aaeei a?a/e ia?ooatho aeaiiia yoe/aneia i?aaeei e
naieo iaiaa eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo eieeaa iuoathony i?aaenoaaeoue a
i?aaeaeueii iai?eaeyaeiii aeaea, eae ianaaaeoueo a ea/aiee aeaiiie
aieacie. Iniaaiii oaeia iiaaaeaiea a?a/ae i?aeoeeoaony a oao no?aiao,
aaea nouanoaoao /anoiay i?aeoeea e ec-ca iiaiie ca aieueoei eiee/anoaii
iaoeeaioia, a neaaeiaaoaeueii e ca iieo/aieai aieaa cia/eoaeueiuo
aiii?a?ia, iaeei a?a/ aeene?aaeeoe?oao ae?oaiai. Ii iiaeiaiiai ?iaea
neo/ae ioia/athony e a iaoae aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, aaea any iniiaiay
iaaeeoeeineay iiiiuue inouanoaeyaony a?a/aie ainoaea?noaaiiuo
iaaeeoeeineeo o/?aaeaeaiee. A oaeeo neo/ayo ia?ooaiea yeaiaioa?iuo
yoe/aneeo ii?i iauyniyaony yaienoe/aneei iiaaaeaieai oaeeo a?a/ae,
aeaaeaeoueo a eaeie-oi noaiaie aicauneoueny iaae naieie oiaa?euaie e oai
naiui nicaeaoue naaa aieueoee aaoi?eoao.
N iiaeiaiui yaeaieai a iaaeeoeeineie i?aeoeea enoeiiua a?a/e oaea aeaaii
aaaeoo ai?ueao. Ecaanoiue ?onneee o/aiue N I. Aioeei aua a i?ioeii aaea
ii aeaiiiio aii?ino ienae: “Eaaeaeay iaoa aeeaaiinoeea anoue a nouiinoe
oieueei aeiioaca, oi aieaa, oi iaiaa aa?iyoiay aeiioaca, e iu ia iiaeai
ioeacaoueny io iino?iaiey aa. eaeei au caiooaiiui ie aue aeaiiue
neo/ae”. Enoiaey ec yoiai, ii n/eoae, /oi e eaaeaeiio a?a/o ioaeii
ioiineoueny n oaaaeaieai. ?aniiciaaaiea aieacie – neiaeiue aii?in, e
iiyoiio ioeaaoueny iiaeao eaaeaeue a?a/, e ioaeii e iaio ioiineoueny n
oaaaeaieai. A anee ii e ioeany, oi aac inei?aeaiee aai aio ioaeii
iiii/ue.
Iaeiaei ioiioaiey iaaeaeo a?a/aie ia ia?aie/eaathony eeoue oeacaiiuie
i?eia?aie. Aanueia aaaeiu eo ioiioaiey ia oieueei i?e iiaeiaiuo
neooaoeeyo, a a eo iianaaeiaaiie ?aaioa. Ii?iaeueiui yoe/aneei
ninoiyieai a?a/aaiiai eieeaeoeaa aeieaeia auoue aaeeiay
oeaeaono?aieaiiinoue, iinoiyiiia acaeiioaaaeaiea ae?oa e ae?oao. Oieueei
a oaeeo neo/ayo iiaeao nio?aiyoueny aunieee aaoi?eoao eaaeaeiai a?a/a e
aianoa n oai anaai eieeaeoeaa. Anee aea eoi-eeai ec a?a/aaiiai
eieeaeoeaa ?aaee naiaai i?anoeaea aoaeao eeaaaoaoue ia naieo eieeaa,
?ani?ino?aiyoue neooe ia eo ieceie eaaeeoeeaoeee, oi ia iiaeao auoue
yeaiaioa?iiai yoe/aneiai ii?yaeea a oaeii eieeaeoeaa.
Iai?aaeeueiui inoaaony ia i?ioyaeaiee aeeeoaeueiiai ia?eiaea a?aiaie
iai?aaeeueiia iiaaaeaiea a?a/ae, io?eoeaoaeueii aeeythuaa ia
ineoieiae/aneia ninoiyiea aieueiiai, eiaaea i?eaeaoaiiue ia
eiinoeueoaoeeth a?a/, iinea iniio?a aieueiiai, a aai i?enoonoaee
ioaa?aaao ?aiaa iinoaaeaiiue aeeaaiic. AEaeay iieacaoue naith aieueooth
inaaaeiieaiiinoue, y?oaeeoeeth e ciaiey ia?aae ae?oaeie a?a/aie e
aieueiuie, ii niaa?oaiii ia aeoiaao i oii, eaeia niyoaiea ii aiineo a
aeooo aieueiiai, eioi?ue ia/eiaao a aicaoaeaeaiiii ninoiyiee iniciaaaoue
naith “iiaoth” aieaciue ni anaie aa oa?icaie e iineaaenoaeyie, /oi ie a
eiae ia?a ia niinianoaoao oeo/oaieth iauaai ninoiyiey aieueiiai. A
i?eioeeia neo/ae iiaoo auoue, eiaaea a?a/-eiinoeueoaio aeaenoaeoaeueii
iiaeao iinoaaeoue ae?oaie, enoeiiue aeeaaiic, Ii yoi aeieaeii auoue
naeaeaii aieaa oaeoe/ii a eaaeiaoa a?a/a aac i?enoonoaey aieueiiai. A
oaeeo oneiaeyo a?a/-eiinoeueoaio iiaeao ia oieueei auneacaoue naia
i?aaeiieiaeaiea i aeeaaiica, ii e oaaaeeoue ea/aueo a?a/ae a yoii,
iaeiia?aiaiii ioaaoea e ia eo aic?aaeaiey, anee iie eiathony. A?a/e aea
iicaea a niieieiie ianoaiiaea aac eceeoiaai aicaoaeaeaiey aieueiiai
iiaee au ?anneacaoue aio, a /ai caeeth/athony aai no?aaeaiey. Iaeuecy
neacaoue, /oi yoa iauaeaiiay enoeia iaecaanoia a?a/ai. Caeanue
“?aaioatho” ae?oaea oaeoi?u. Eeai a?a/ iae?eoe/anee ioiineony e naiei
aeaenoaeyi, eeai ii “iiueyiai” naiei i?aainoiaenoaii iaae ae?oaeie
a?a/aie e iuoaaony iieacaoue naay ai anai naiai aaee/ee. A iiaeiaiii
neo/aa neiai a?a/a-eiinoeueoaioa iineo yaii iaaaoeaioth ?aaeoeeth. Iii
ia iiaeeecoao aieueiiai ia aucaei?iaeaiea, a iaiai?io, aiineo a i?ioeann
aucaei?iaeaiey aeano?oeoeaioth ?aaeoeeth /a?ac ineoieiae/aneia aieiaiea.
Aiaeiae/iia iieiaeaiea aicieeaao a oii neo/aa, eiaaea eiinoeueoaio ia
ioiaiyao aeeaaiic, a oaeaea a i?enoonoaee aieueiiai oo aea aieaciue
iacuaaao ii-eiiio, ae?oaei neiiieiii, iaecaanoiui aieueiiio. Oae, aianoi
?aiaa onoaiiaeaiiiai aeeaaiica – iaa?anoaiey – eiinoeueoaio iiaeao
iacaaoue oo aea aieaciue aeiinoaieae, aeia?anoaieae, aaaaoiiaa?icii e
o.ae. Oaeea iii?aaee eee ooi/iaiey aiieia caeiiiia?iu, iaeiaei ia a
i?enoonoaee aieueiiai. Oi aea naiia eanaaony e iacia/aiey eiinoeueoaioii
iiauo eaea?noaaiiuo n?aaenoa, iacaaiea eioi?uo iiaeao aucaaoue o
aieueiiai iaiaeiicia/ioth ?aaeoeeth. Eiinoeueoaio ai?aaa yoi naeaeaoue,
ii iiyoue-oaee oaeoe/ii, a eaaeiaoa a?a/a i?e caiene a enoi?ee aieacie
aieueiiai ?acoeueoaoia naiae eiinoeueoaoeee. A aeecie ii/oe ia auaaao
oaeeo iiiaioia, /oiau eiinoeueoaio, iiniio?aa aieueiiai, neacae –
aeeaaiic i?aaeeueiue, ea/aiea i?aaeeueiia e ooae. *aua anaai
eiinoeueoaio oioue /oi-oi e?ioioiia, iacia/eoaeueiia aeaaea i?e
i?aaeeueiii aeeaaiica e ea/aiee aianao naia. Iiyoiio i?e anao oaeeo
neo/ayo aeieaeia auoue niaethaeaia oaeoe/iinoue, yoe/aneea i?aaeea e ii
ioiioaieth e naiei eieeaaai, e ii ioiioaieth e aieueiiio.
E yoe/aneei i?aaeeai iiaaaeaiey a?a/a neaaeoao ioianoe aai iano?iaiea e
naycaiiia n iei iiaaaeaiea. Iacaaeneii io naieo aeooaaiuo ia?aaeeaaiee,
aucaaiiuo naiaeiuie iao?yaeeoeaie e eiioeeeoaie a o?oaeiaii eieeaeoeaa,
a?a/ ii ioiioaieth e aieueiiio aeieaeai auoue aieiaoaeueiui, na?ueacii
ioiinyueiny e aai no?aaeaieyi. Ii anaaaea aeieaeai auoue iioeienoii.
anaeythuei aa?o aieueiiio a aai auno?aeoaa aucaei?iaeaiea. Eia/a aiai?y,
/oanoai oaa?aiiinoe a?a/a aeieaeii noaoue e ineoieiaeae aieueiiai. Yoei
i?eioeeiii aeaaii ?oeiaiaenoaiaaeenue ?onneea ei?eoae iaaeeoeeiu.
Iacia/ay oi eee eiia eaea?noai aieueiiio, i?ioanni? I.ss. Ioae?ia
n/eoae, /oi neaaeoao aio ?anneacaoue i aunieie yooaeoeaiinoe aai.
Oiaaea, aiai?ee ii: “Aieueiie aoaeao i?eieiaoue aai n ainoeuaieai, a nea
ainoeuaiea, ?aaeinoue e oaa?aiiinoue auaatho eiiaaea iieaciaa naiiai
eaea?noaa. Aieueiie n/eoaao /anu e ieioou, iaeeaeaao aeaenoaey io
eaea?noaa e aeoiaao aieaa i aucaei?iaeaiee, iaaeaee i aieaciyo” (Ioae?ia
I.ss. Eca?. i?iecaaaeaiey.- I., 1949.- n.240). Yoi icia/aao, /oi
ineoioa?aiaaoe/aneia aicaeaenoaea ia aieueiiai aeaao, ianiiiaiii, naie
?acoeueoao, iiauoay yooaeoeaiinoue ea/aiey. Aieueoia cia/aiea
ineoieiae/aneiio aicaeaenoaeth ia aieueiiai i?eaeaaae e A.A. Aa?anaaa,
ooaa?aeaeay, /oi “Aiae?ay e aa?yuay aeooa – a?iiaaeiay neea a ai?ueaa n
aieaciueth” (Aa?anaaa A. Nia?. ni/eiaiee a iyoe oiiao.- I., 1961.-T.I.-
n.36I).
Ii a i?ioeanna ineoieiae/aneiai aicaeaenoaey ia aieueiiai iaeuecy ana
naiaeeoue oieueei e eaea?noaaiiui n?aaenoaai. A?a/ aeieaeai ?anneacaoue
e i ?aaeeia aieueiiai, aai aeeaoa, ioaeuoa e oece/aneie iaa?ocea.
Aeaaiay iaycaiiinoue a?a/a i?e yoii – i?iieeiooue a aeooo aieueiiai,
aeaaea a oii neo/aa, eiaaea ii ia i/aiue ?aniieiaeai e ioe?iaaiiinoe.
A?a/ aeieaeai iaycaoaeueii “aeeth/eoueny” a ie? aai ia?aaeeaaiee, anaeea
a iaai iaaeaaeaeo ia aucaei?iaeaiea, eae au oyaeaei ii ie aue aieai.
Iniaaiii yoiai aaaeii aeiaeaaoueny, eiaaea o aieueiiai eiaaony no?ao
ia?aae aieaciueth. O oaeeo aieueiuo iinoaiaiii iiyaeythony
ninoaeenoi-aaaaoaoeaiua ia?ooaiey, a iniiaa eioi?uo eaaeao
iaoieiae/aneea eciaiaiey a ei?oeeiaenoea?aeueiuo naycyo. E?oa aea
ninoaeenoi-aaaaoaoeaiie iaoieiaee aanueia oe?ie. Iia iiaeao i?iyaeyoueny
a aeaea aieiaiuo aieae, iioa?e nia e aiiaoeoa, iiyaeaiee caii?ia, aieae
a iaeanoe aeaeoaei/ii-eeoa/iiai o?aeoa, oioiiou e aeaaea ?aiou. Iiaeao
iiyaeoueny na?aeoeaaeaiea eee a?eoiey, iaaethaeathony e neo/ae, eiaaea
oooaeoathony neoo e c?aiea. Oaeiaa oeaia iaaa?ey aieueiiai a naia
caei?iauea e aucaei?iaeaiea. Aaeiaaaie ei anaio yoiio e ineoeea oaeeo
aieueiuo noaiiaeony o?oieie e eaaei ?aieiie, io anyeeo. aeaaea ia noieue
na?ueaciuo aeeyiee ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Oaeea aieueiua oa?ytho aa?o ai
a?a/ae e ia?aaeei ia?auathony e ciaoa?yi eee ia/eiatho caieiaoueny
naiiea/aieai. *aua anaai, ecae?aaiue eie iaoiae ea/aiey 1 yaeyaony
iai?aaeeueiui. Iiyaeyaony eae au caieiooue e?oa, /ai aieueoa “ea/eony”
aieueiie, oai a aieueoae noaiaie oooaeoaaony aai caei?iauea. E yoio
ai?aeeaa ocae iiaeao ?ac?oaeoue a?a/, oi?ioi aeaaeathuee ineoioa?aieae.
*ai aieueoa aoaeao oaeeo a?a/ae, oai iaiueoa aoaeao o?iie/aneeo
aieueiuo.
Oiay aieiaoaeueii neooaoue aieueiiai, iaeuecy eaeoe ia iiaiaeo o iaai,
iacaaeneii io oiai, eaeoth aieaciue ii oi/ao “i?aaenoaaeoue” a?a/o. A?a/
anaaaea aeieaeai auoue iaeneiaeueii iauaeoeaiui e ec iioiea aeaeia
aieueiiai eca?aoue oieueei oa, eioi?ua niioaaonoaotho enoeiiie aai
aieacie. A yoii e caeeth/aaony nouiinoue iaaeeoeeineie ineoieiaee,
iicaieythuae ia oieueei oi/ii onoaiiaeoue aeeaaiic aieueiiai, ii e
oaaaeeoue aai anaie n?aaenoaaie ea/eoueny io yoie eiie?aoiie aieacie.
Oaeei ia?acii, iaaeeoeeineay ineoieiaey o?aaoao io a?a/a iaeaaeaoue
iiiaeie ea/anoaaie, aac eioi?uo ii ia iiaeao auoue enoeiiui
enoeaeeoaeai. Yoe ea/anoaa i?aaeaea anaai aeieaeiu iiiiaaoue a?a/o
oiaoue aieiaoaeueii auneooaoue aieueiiai, i?iieeay a aai no?aaeaiey,
iai?aaeyoue ?acaiai? a oi ?onei, eioi?ia io?aaeaao eiathuaany o iaai
caaieaaaiea, inoaaaynue naea?aeaiiui. Aaaeiie i?ioanneiiaeueiie
iniaaiiinoueth a?a/a yaeyaony aai auaea?aeea iie oi?ioee?iaaiee niaaoia
e ?aeiiaiaeaoeee aieueiiio. Iaeuecy aeaaaoue aieueiiio ene?iiaoiua
niaaou, n?aaee eioi?uo iiaoo auoue yaii i?ioeai?a/auea ninoiyieth aai
caei?iauey. Iiyoiio iaiaycaoaeueii aieueiiio n?aco aea iinea iniio?a
auneacuaaoue ana i?eioeeiu aai ea/aiey e iiaaaeaiey. Eo/oa aia/aea
neacaoue naiua aeaaiua iiaeaeaiey, aac eioi?uo ia iiaeao o iaai
ianooieoue ia/aei ecea/aiey. A caoai oae iinea iaeioi?iai iaaethaeaiey e
iaaeoiuaaiey aeaoue aio en/a?iuaathuea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee.
Neiaeii, eiia/ii, auoue eneoniui a?a/ii, yaeythueiny aianoeeeuai
no?aaeaiee iiiaeo ethaeae. Ii eiaiii aieaa aeoaieia iaeaaeaiea
iaaeeoeeineie ineoieiaeae iicaieyao a?a/o iiaeiyoueny ia aeinoaoi/ii
aunieoth nooiaiue naiae i?ioanneiiaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
A ea/aaiii i?ioeanna aieueoia cia/aiea eiaao aaoi?eoao a?a/a. Anee ii
iiaeao oaaaeeoue aieueiiai a iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?iaaaeaiey iacia/aiiiai
eo?na ea/aiey e niaethaeaiey ?aeiiaiaeiaaiiiai ea/aiey, oi oniao a
ea/aiee aoaeao aieaa cia/eoaeueiui. Aeaiiia iieiaeaiea oi?ioi
noi?ioee?iaae Iaiieaii, eioi?ue ia ?ac iiaoi?ye noi?ie?iaaaoothny o iaai
enoeio: “ss ia aa?th a iaaeeoeeio, ii aa?th a naiaai a?a/a Ei?aeca?a”.
Oaeie auaiae aeaeaee e naie a?a/e. A.A.Aa?anaaa n/eoae, /oi naiue
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiue a?a/, oi?ioi noaayuee aeeaaiic aieacie, ie/aai
oaaaeeoaeueiiai ia aeiaueaony, anee ia onoaiiaeo aeieaeiiai eiioaeoa n
aieueiui, ia iiae/eieo aai aeooo naiei iaia?aieyi. E caeanue, eiia/ii,
aieueoia cia/aiea eiaao i?aaeeueiia yoe/aneia iiaaaeaiea a?a/a. Anee ii
aaaeeea e aieiaoaeai e aieueiiio e oaaaeeoaeueii aeieacuaaao aio, /oi
oi/ao iiii/ue a ea/aiee, oi yooaeo a yoii aoaeao aieaa cia/eoaeueiui.
Yoo yoe/aneoth ii?io a?a/ae aanueia oaea/ii noi?ioee?iaae aeaaeaiee AII
NNN?. aeaaiue oa?aiaao Niaaoneie A?iee I.N. Iie/aiia. Ii ?aeiiaiaeiaae e
aieueiiio ioiineoueny eae e aaia?aeo, ii ea/eoue, eae nieaeaoa. Yoi
aiai?eo i oii, /oi eaaeaeue aieueiie, eai au ii ie yaeyeny ii naiaio
nioeeaeueiiio iieiaeaieth, aeieaeai auoue /oei a?a/ii.
E aeaiioieiae/aneei i?aaeeai n?aaeieo iaaeeoeeineeo ?aaioieeia e a?a/ae
ioiineony e oaeia aaaeiia yaeaiea, eae ai?ueaa n eo?aieai anaai
iaaeeoeeineiai ia?niiaea. Iao iaaeiaiinoe aeieacuaaoue eaeie a?aae
caei?iaueth i?eiineo eo?aiea, iniaaiii aeey aieueiuo no?aaeathueo
?acee/iuie eaai/iuie caaieaaaieyie, iaeeoa?e?othueie yiaeia?oa?eoaie e
iiiaeie ae?oaeie aieaciyie. Anoanoaaiii, /oi a?a/e iinoiyiii aaaeoo
naieoa?ioth i?iiaaaiaeo i iaaeaeaoaeueiinoe eo?aiey, a eiaaea aieueiua,
eioi?ui yaii i?ioeaiiieacaii eo?aiea, iiiaaeatho a aieueieoeu, ei i?inoi
cai?auaaony yoi aeaeaoue. E eaeei aeenniiainii yaeythony oa neo/ae,
eiaaea ia aeacao o oaeeo aieueiuo, aea e aiiaua o anao no?aaeaeoueo,
a?a/ eee iaaenano?a “n aiiaoeoii” eo?eo. A oaeeo neo/ayo any i?iiaaaiaea
i?ioea eo?aiey oa?yao anyeee niune. Aieueiua i?inoi ia?anoatho aa?eoue a
oeaeaniia?aciinoue niaaoia a?a/ae e, /oi naiia aeaaiia, i?iaeieaeatho
oe?aaeeie eo?eoue, oioy yoi ineiaeiyao ea/aiea eo aieacie.
A iineaaeiaa a?aiy ai iiiaeo no?aiao ie?a aaaeaony aeoeaiay ai?ueaa
i?ioea eo?aiey n?aaee iaaeeoeeineiai ia?niiaea. Iniaaiii aieueoay ?aaioa
a yoii iai?aaeaiee i?iaiaeeony a Aaeeeia?eoaiee e NOA. Oae, oaea
aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy a Aanoieinoa?neie aieueieoea e ai iiiaeo ae?oaeo
o/?aaeaeaieyo Aiaeee naie iaaeeoeeineea ?aaioieee i?eiyee no?iaea
i?aaeea ii ia?aie/aieth eo?aiey iaaeeoeeineiai ia?niiaea. Oie/eii aeey
yoiai iineoaeeea ?aciethoeey, i?eiyoay aua a 1981 a. eiioa?aioeeae
o?aae-thieiiia. Aa niune caeeth/aeny a ia?aie/aiee eo?aiey ia ?aai/eo
ianoao, /oi e auei n yiooceaciii i?eiyoi a aieueoeinoaa iaaeeoeeineeo
o/?aaeaeaiee Aaeeeia?eoaiee. Aeey oao aea, eoi ia niia iieiinoueth
ii?aaoue naycue n yoie a?aaeiie i?eau/eie, aeey oaeeo a aieueieoeao
auaeaeyeenue oaaeeiaiiua ianoa, oaeaeaiiua io aieueiuo.
He iaiaa iieacaoaeueiiai oniaoa a yoii ioiioaiee aeiaeeenue a NOA, Aua a
1975 a. aieaa 90% anao aia?eeaineeo a?a/ae i?eciaee, /oi ethaee eo
i?ioannee aeieaeiu auoue iaaeyaeiui i?eia?ii aeey anaai ianaeaiey.
Nionoy 10 eao iinea yoiai ?aoaiey /enei eo?yueo a?a/ae ?acei
nie?aoeeinue, a n?aaee nooaeaioia-iaaeeeia eo?eee eeoue 6%, o.a.
nie?aoeeinue a 10-15 ?ac a n?aaiaiee n oai ia?eiaeii, eiaaea ia/eiaeanue
yoa eaiiaiey.
Iiiaea aieueieoeu iioee aeaeueoa e ?ac?aaioaee niaoeeaeueiua i?ia?aiiu
ioeaca io eo?aiey, eae aeey aieueiuo, oae e aeey nio?oaeieeia. A 97%
anao aieueieoe eo?aiea ?ac?aoaii eeoue a niaoeeaeueiuo ianoao. Ii
i?inueaa aieueiuo eee ii o?aaiaaieth ea/aueo a?a/ae a 80% anao
noaoeeiia?ia aieueiuo ?aciauatho a niaoeeaeueiua iaeaou aeey iaeo?yueo.
A a. Nai-O?aioeenei e ooaoa Ieiianioa ii anai yoei aii?inai aeaaea
i?eiyou caeiiiaeaoaeueiua aeou. Aeoeaioth ai?ueao n eo?aieai aaaeao
oaeaea e Aia?eeaineay iaaeeoeeineay annioeeaoeey, ?ac?aaioaaoay ?yae
oeacaiee aeey a?a/ae. Aaaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi iaaeeoeeineay aeaiioieiaey
eiaao ioiioaiea e e ?aaioieeai iaiaaeeoeeineeo i?ioannee (?aai/ea,
neoaeauea e ae?.), oae eae iie iaycaiu aanoe naay niioaaonoaaiii
o?aaiaaieyi iaaeeoeeineiai o/?aaeaeaiey. Iaaeeoeeineay aeaiioieiaey ia
iiaeao ia caiaieoue iaaeeoeeineoth yoeeo, ia neeoueny n iae.
Iauea iaycaiiinoe a?a/ae:
A?A* AeIEAEAI anaaaea iiaeaea?aeeaaoue iaeaunoea i?ioanneiiaeueiua
noaiaea?ou.
A?A* AeIEAEAI ia iicaieyoue niia?aaeaieyi nianoaaiiie auaiaeu ieacuaaoue
aeeyiea ia naiaiaeo e iacaaeneiinoue i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ?aoaiey, eioi?ia
aeieaeii i?eieiaoueny eneeth/eoaeueii a eioa?anao iaoeeaioa.
A?A* AeIEAEAI noaaeoue ai aeaao oaea nino?aaeaiea e oaaaeaiea e
/aeiaa/aneiio aeinoieinoao iaoeeaioa e iieiinoueth ioaa/aoue ca ana
aniaeou iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue, aia caaeneiinoe io nianoaaiiie
i?ioanneiiaeueiie niaoeeaeecaoeee.
A?A* AeIEAEAI auoue /anoai a ioiioaieyo n iaoeeaioaie e eieeaaaie e
ai?ioueny n oaie ec naieo eieeaa, eioi?ua i?iyaeytho iaeiiiaoaioiinoue
eee caia/aiu a iaiaia.
N ii?iaie iaaeeoeeineie yoeee ia niaianoeiu:
a) Naii?aeeaia, anee iia niaoeeaeueii ia ?ac?aoaia caeiiaie no?aiu e
yoe/aneei eiaeaenii iaoeeiiaeueiie iaaeeoeeineie annioeeaoeee.
a) Auieaoa a?a/ii eiienneiiiuo ca iai?aaeaiea e iaio iaoeeaioa, eeai
iieo/aiea ieaou eee eiiai aiciaa?aaeaeaiey ec ethaiai enoi/ieea ca
iai?aaeaiea iaoeeaioa a ii?aaeaeaiiia ea/aaiia o/?aaeaeaiea, e
ii?aaeaeaiiiio niaoeeaeenoo eee iacia/aiea ii?aaeaeaiiiai aeaea ea/aiey
aac aeinoaoi/iuo iaaeeoeeineeo iniiaaiee.
A?A* AeIEAEAI oaaaeaoue i?aaa iaoeeaioia, eieeaa, ae?oaeo iaaeeoeeineeo
?aaioieeia, a oaeaea o?aieoue a?a/aaioth oaeio.
A?A* AeIEAEAI eeoue a eioa?anao iaoeeaioa a i?ioeanna ieacaiey
iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue inouanoaeyoue aiaoaoaeuenoaa, niiniaiua oooaeoeoue
aai oece/aneia eee ineoe/aneia ninoiyiea.
A?A* AeIEAEAI auoue e?aeia inoi?iaeai, aeaaay eioi?iaoeeth ia ioe?uoeyo,
iiauo oaoiieiaeyo e iaoiaeao ea/aiey /a?ac iai?ioanneiiaeueiua eaiaeu.
A?A* AeIEAEAI ooaa?aeaeaoue eeoue oi, /oi i?iaa?aii ei ee/ii.
Iaycaiiinoe a?a/a ii ioiioaieth e aieueiiio:
A?A* AeIEAEAI iinoiyiii iiiieoue i naiai aeieaa nio?aiaiey /aeiaa/aneie
aeecie.
A?A* AeIEAEAI ia?aoeoueny e aieaa eiiiaoaioiui eieeaaai, anee
iaiaoiaeeiia iaoeeaioo ianeaaeiaaiea eee ea/aiea auoiaeyo ca o?iaaiue
aai nianoaaiiuo i?ioanneiiaeueiuo aiciiaeiinoae.
A?A* AeIEAEAI o?aieoue a?a/aaioth oaeio aeaaea iinea nia?oe naiaai
iaoeeaioa.
A?A* AeIEAEAI anaaaea ieacaoue iaioeiaeioth iiiiuue ethaiio a iae
ioaeaeathuaiony, ca eneeth/aieai oieueei oao neo/aaa, eiaaea ii
oaeinoiaa?eeny a aeaeaiee e aiciiaeiinoyo ae?oaeo eeoe naeaeaoue ana
iaiaoiaeeiia.
Iaycaiiinoe a?a/ae ii ioiioaieth Ae?OA e ae?oao:
A?A* AeIEAEAI aanoe naay ii ioiioaieth e naiei eieeaaai oae, eae oioae
au, /oiau iie aaee naay ii ioiioaieth e iaio.
A?A* AeIEAEAI ia ia?aiaieaaoue iaoeeaioia o naieo eieeaa.
A?A* AeIEAEAI niaethaeaoue i?eioeeiu “AEaiaaneie Aeaeea?aoeee”,
iaeia?aiiie Anaie?iie Iaaeeoeeineie Annioeeaoeeae.
YEAIAIOU AeAIIOIEIAEE A AeAssOAEUeIINOE N?AAeIAAI IAAeEOeEINEIAI
?AAIOIEEA
Aaaeouay ?ieue a ooaa?aeaeaiee aeaiioieiae/aneeo i?eioeeiia
i?eiaaeeaaeeo a?a/o, eioi?ue i?iaiaeeo iieiia ianeaaeiaaiea aieueiiai,
noaaeo aeeaaiic, iacia/aao ea/aiea, neaaeeo ca aeeiaieeie
iaoieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna e ae?. I?e i?iaaaeaiee yoeo ia?ii?eyoee a
aeeciue ia aunieii ea/anoaaiiii o?iaia io n?aaeiaai iaaeeoeeineiai
?aaioieea -o?aaothony aunieay neoaeaaiay e i?ioanneiiaeueiay
aeenoeeieeia, /aoeia auiieiaiea anao ?anii?yaeaiee a?a/a. Ea/anoaaiiia e
naiaa?aiaiiia auiieiaiea iacia/aiee eee oeacaiee a?a/a (aioo?eaaiiia
aeeaaiea, ecia?aiea oaiia?aoo?u oaea e ae?.) — iaeei ec iniiaiuo
aeaiioieiae/aneeo yeaiaioia aeayoaeueiinoe n?aaeiaai iaaeeoeeineiai
?aaioieea. Iaeiaei auiieiaiea yoeo iaycaiiinoae aeieaeii inouanoaeyoueny
ia oi?iaeueii, a ii aioo?aiiaio iiaoaeaeaieth, /oanoao aeieaa,
no?aieaieth aanei?unoii aeaeaoue ana iaiaoiaeeiia, /oiau iaeaieoue
no?aaeaiey aieueiiai. Yoi o?aaoao iinoiyiiiai naiiniaa?oainoaiaaiey,
iiiieiaiey i?ioanneiiaeueiuo ciaiee e ianoa?noaa.
I?e iauaiee n aieueiui iaaeeoeeineay nano?a aeieaeia niaethaeaoue
yoe/aneea ii?iu, iaycaia nicaeaaaoue ianoaiiaeo aeiaa?ey iaaeaeo a?a/ii
e aieueiui, niinianoaiaaoue iiauoaieth aaoi?eoaoa a?a/a e iaaeeoeeineiai
o/?aaeaeaiey, no?iai niaethaeaoue a?a/aaioth oaeio.
Iaaeeoeeineay nano?a e aieueiie.
?aaioa iaaeeoeeineie nano?u naycaia ia oieueei n aieueoie oece/aneie
iaa?oceie, ii e n aieueoei yiioeeiiaeueiui iai?yaeaieai. Iineaaeiaa
aicieeaao i?e iauaiee n aieueiuie, eioi?uo ioee/aao iiauoaiiay
?acae?aaeeoaeueiinoue, aieaciaiiay o?aaiaaoaeueiinoue, iaeae/eainoue e
o. i. I/aiue aaaeii auno?i onoaiiaeoue eiioaeo n aieueiui. Nano?a
iinoiyiii iaoiaeeony n?aaee aieueiuo, iiyoiio aa /aoeea aeaenoaey e
i?ioanneiiaeueiia auiieiaiea i?aaeienaiee a?a/a, aa aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiia,
oaieia ioiioaiea e aieueiiio ieacuaatho ia iaai ineoioa?aiaaoe/aneia
aicaeaenoaea. Yoe oaeoi?u, a eiaiii: caaioa, aieiaiea — yaeythony
iniiaie eiioaeoa iaaeaeo iaaeeoeeineie nano?ie e aieueiui. Ia?iiiia
cia/aiea i?e yoii eiatho neiaaniay oi?ia, yiioeeiiaeueiay ie?anea e oii
?a/e. A eaneiaii e aaaeeeaii ia?auaiee, aeia?ie oeuaea au?aaeathony
caaioeeainoue e aieiaiea e aieueiui. Iaeiaei aieiaiea e oaieioa ni
noi?iiu iaaeeoeeineie nano?u ieeiaaea ia aeieaeiu iineoue eioeiiiai
oa?aeoa?a, ia aeieaeiu iiaoaeaeaoue aieueiuo i?aiaeieaoue aeenoaioeeth
iaaeaeo ieie e nano?ie. I aiciiaeiinoe yoiai iaaeeoeeineay nano?a ia
aeieaeia caauaaoue e niioaaonoaaiii ?aaeaiaioe?iaaoue naie iinooiee e
iaaethaeaoue ca iiaaaeaieai aieueiiai.
Iaaeeoeeineee ?aaioiee, a /anoiinoe iaaeeoeeineay nano?a, aeieaeai
no?iai o?aieoue a?a/aaioth oaeio. Iiae a?a/aaiie oaeiie iiieiatho
neaaeothuaa:
naaaeaiey i aieueiii, iieo/aiiua iaaeeoeeineei ?aaioieeii io aieueiiai
eee a i?ioeanna ea/aiey e ia iiaeeaaeauea ?acaeaoaieth a iauanoaa;
naaaeaiey i aieueiii, eioi?ua iaaeeoeeineee ?aaioiee ia aeieaeai
niiauaoue aieueiiio (iaaeaaii?eyoiue enoiae aieacie, aeeaaiic, iaiinyuee
ineoieiae/aneee oua?a aieueiiio, e o.ae.).
IAAEAeOIA?IAeIUE EIAeAEN IAAeEOeEINEIE YOEEE
I?EIOeEIU IAAeEOeEINEIE YOEEE, IOIINssUEANss E ?IEE ?AAIOIEEIA
CAe?AAIIO?AIAIEss, A INIAAIIINOE A?A*AE, A CAUEOA CAEETH*AIIUO EEE
CAAeA?AEAIIUO EEOe IO IUOIE E Ae?OAEO AEANOIEEO, AAN*AEIAA*IUO EEE
OIEAEATHUEO AeINOIEINOAI AEAeIA IA?AUAIEss E IAEACAIEss.
I?eioeei 1
?aaioieee cae?aaiio?aiaiey, a iniaaiiinoe a?a/e, iaania/eaathuea
iaaeeoeeineia ianeoaeeaaiea caeeth/aiiuo eee caaea?aeaiiuo eeoe, iaycaiu
io?aiyoue eo oece/aneia e ineoe/aneia caei?iauea e iaania/eaaoue ea/aiea
caaieaaaiee oaeiai aea ea/anoaa e o?iaiy, eaeia iaania/eaaaony eeoeai,
ia yaeythueiny caeeth/aiiuie eee caaea?aeaiiuie.
I?eioeei 2
?aaioieee cae?aaiio?aiaiey, a iniaaiiinoe a?a/e, niaa?oatho a?oaia
ia?ooaiea iaaeeoeeineie yoeee, a oaeaea i?anooieaiea, a niioaaonoaee n
aeaenoaothueie iaaeaeoia?iaeiuie aeieoiaioaie, anee iie caieiathony
aeoeaii eee ianneaii aeaenoaeyie, eioi?ua i?aaenoaaeytho niaie o/anoea
eee nio/anoea a iuoeao eee ae?oaeo aeanoieeo, aan/aeiaa/iuo eee
oieaeathueo /aeiaa/aneia aeinoieinoai aeaeao ia?auaiey e iaeacaiey, eee
iiaeno?aeaoaeuenoai e eo niaa?oaieth, eee iiiuoee niaa?oeoue eo.
I?eioeei 3
?aaioieee cae?aaiio?aiaiey, a iniaaiiinoe a?a/e, niaa?oatho ia?ooaiea
iaaeeoeeineie yoeee, anee iie aiaea/aiu a ethaua ae?oaea
i?ioanneiiaeueiua ioiioaiey n caeeth/aiiuie eee caaea?aeaiiuie eeoeaie,
oeaeueth eioi?uo ia yaeyaony eneeth/eoaeueii ianeaaeiaaiea, io?aia eee
oeo/oaiea eo oece/aneiai eee ineoe/aneiai caei?iauey.
I?eioeei 4
?aaioieee cae?aaiio?aiaiey, a iniaaiiinoe a?a/e, niaa?oatho ia?ooaiea
iaaeeoeeineie yoeee, anee iie:
a) i?eiaiytho naie ciaiey e iiuo aeey niaeaenoaey i?iaaaeaieth aeii?ina
caeeth/aiiuo e caaea?aeaiiuo eeoe oaeei ia?acii, /oi yoi iiaeao
io?eoeaoaeueii iiaeeyoue ia oece/aneia eee ineoe/aneia caei?iauea eee
ninoiyiea oaeeo caeeth/aiiuo eee caaea?aeaiiuo eeoe e ia niaeanoaony n
niioaaonoaothueie iaaeaeoia?iaeiuie aeieoiaioaie;
b) oaeinoiaa?ytho eee o/anoaotho a oaeinoiaa?aiee oiai, /oi ninoiyiea
caei?iauey caeeth/aiiuo eee caaea?aeaiiuo eeoe iicaieyao iiaeaa?aaoue eo
ethaie oi?ia ia?auaiey eee iaeacaiey, eioi?ia iiaeao ieacaoue
io?eoeaoaeueiia aicaeaenoaea ia eo oece/aneia eee ineoe/aneia caei?iauea
e eioi?ia ia niaeanoaony n niioaaonoaothueie iaaeaeoia?iaeiuie
aeieoiaioaie, eee a ethaie ae?oaie oi?ia o/anoaotho a i?eiaiaiee ethaiai
oaeiai ia?auaiey eee iaeacaiey, eioi?ia ia niaeanoaony n
niioaaonoaothueie iaaeaeoia?iaeiuie aeieoiaioaie.
I?eioeei 5
O/anoea ?aaioieeia cae?aaiio?aiaiey, a iniaaiiinoe a?a/ae, a ethaie
i?ioeaaeo?a nie?eoaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a a ioiioaiee caeeth/aiiiai eee
caaea?aeaiiiai eeoea yaeyaony ia?ooaieai iaaeeoeeineie yoeee, anee
oieueei iii ia i?iaeeeoiaaii noaoai iaaeeoeeineeie e?eoa?eyie eae
iaiaoiaeeiia aeey io?aiu oece/aneiai eee ineoe/aneiai caei?iauey eee
aaciianiinoe naiiai caeeth/aiiiai eee caaea?aeaiiiai eeoea, ae?oaeo
caeeth/aiiuo eee caaea?aeaiiuo eeoe eee ia?niiaea io?aiu e ia nicaeaao
oa?icu aai oece/aneiio eee ineoe/aneiio caei?iaueth.
I?eioeei 6
Ia iiaeao auoue ieeaeeo ioeeiiaiee io auoaeceiaeaiiuo i?eioeeiia ie ia
eaeeo iniiaaieyo, aeeth/ay /?acau/aeiia iieiaeaiea.
I?eiyou ?aciethoeeae 37/194 Aaia?aeueiie Annaiaeae io 18 aeaeaa?y 1982
aiaea.
I?eiyo C-ae Aaia?aeueiie Annaiaeaae Anaie?iie Iaaeeoeeineie
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Nienie eeoa?aoo?u:
*eeei N.ss. Nia?aiaiiua i?iaeaiu aeiiaaeeoeeineie yoeee, I., 1995 a.
Iaoaaaa A.O. Iniiau iaae. ineoieiaee, yoeee e aeaiioieiaee, I., 1989 a.
Aaoaeia A.A. A?a/aaiay i?ioanney e i?aanoaaiiinoue. Oa?aiaaoe/aneee
a?oea ? 5, 1976a., n. 76
Eaaiooeei A.ss. I?ioanneiiaeueiay yoeea a iaaeeoeeia, I., 1990 a.
Iao?ianeee A.A. Iauay aeaiioieiaey , I., 1988a.
*aaioa?aaa Y.I. A?a/aaiay yoeea, I., 1980 a.
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