Ianiio?y ia ana ?aciiia?acea iaoiaeia (oe?o?ae/aneea, iaeieiaaceaiua,
iaaeeeaiaioiciua), i?eiaiyaiuo i?e ea/aiee aeia?iea/anoaaiiie
aeia?ieacee ia?ao?ao?aeueiuo aeaeac, eiuie neiaaie – aaeaiiia
i?aaenoaoaeueiie aeaeacu, ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia iaeaieaa /anoui yaeyaony
ioe?uoay aaeaiiiyeoiiey. Oioy aeaiiua iia?aoeee i?e eio?aaaceeaeueiie
iano?oeoeee o ioae/ei n?aaeiaai, iiaeeeiai e noa?/aneiai aic?anoa
auiieiythony aeaaii, aei neo ii? aicieeatho ineiaeiaiey iinea eo
i?iaaaeaiey.
*anoioa ineiaeiaiee eieaaeaony a i?aaeaeao 8,8-18,8%. N?aaee ineiaeiaiee
iinea aaeaiiiiiyeoiiee ?acee/atho ?aiiea e iicaeiea (ioaeaeaiiua ).
Ioaeaeaiiua ineiaeiaiey aaeaiiiyeoiiee i?inoaou iiaeii iiae?acaeaeeoue
ia 3 a?oiiu:
eioaeoeeiiii-aeea?ae/aneea
ooieoeeiiaeueiua
i?aaie/aneea
A aeaiiii aeieeaaea iu ia noaaeee ia?aae niaie caaea/o inaaoeoue ana
aeaeu ineiaeiaiee. Iu inoaiiaeiny oieueei ia iaeaieaa oyaeaeuo, ii
iiaieth ?yaea aaoi?ia, i?aaie/aneeo aeaeao ineiaeiaiee e, noiyueo ia 3
ianoa, ooieoeeiiaeueiii. Nthaea ioiinyo no?oeoo?o o?ao?u, aa
iaeeoa?aoeeth, ia?aciaaiea “i?aaeiocu?y” – i?aaie/aneea, iaaea?aeaiea
ii/e – ooieoeeiiaeueiua.
A i?eioeeia, n oi/ee c?aiey iicieiaee, yoi iinoo?aaiaoe/aneea
caaieaaaiey oaeee ii/aaiai iocu?y e ii/aenioneaoaeueiiai eaiaea, ii
o?aaia – aaeaiiiyeoiiey – iineo oe?o?ae/aneee oa?aeoa?. Yoe ineiaeiaiey
iaeuecy iacaaoue yo?iaaiiuie, o.a. aicieeathueie ii aeia iia?e?iaaaoaai
a?a/a, ii, a ecaanoiie noaiaie, iie caaenyo io aeaea e niiniaa
aaeaiiiyeoiiee, iineaiia?aoeeiiiiai ea/aiey, aeeeoaeueiinoe iaoiaeaeaiey
eaoaoa?a a o?ao?a iinea iia?aoeee e, iaeiiaoe, io eaaeeoeeaoeee naiiai
oe?o?aa, auiieieaoaai iia?aoeeth.
Iaeaieaa /anoui ec iicaeieo eio?aaaceeaeueiuo i?aaie/aneeo ineiaeiaiee
aaeaiiiyeoiiee i?inoaou yaeyaony i?inoay no?oeoo?a caaeiae /anoe o?ao?u.
A eeeie/aneie ea?oeia iaaethaeaaony cao?oaeiaiea ii/aenioneaiey,
ii/aenioneaiea oiieie no?oae eee ii eaiaeai. I?e/eiu yoiai ineiaeiaiey
iiaeii oieueei i?aaeiieaaaoue – ?aiiaa oaeaeaiea eaoaoa?a e o?ao?eo.
Ea/aiea aeaiiiai ineiaeiaiey – aoaee?iaaiea. Iaeiaei, yoio iaoiae
i?eiaiei oieueei i?e no?eeoo?ao iaaieueoie i?ioyaeaiiinoe (aei 1 ni),
eiaao oeaeue ?yae ineiaeiaiee, ec eioi?uo iiaeii auaeaeeoue i/aiue
/anoia ?aoeeaeeae?iaaiea no?eeoo?u, ia?aciaaiea eiaeiiai oiaea,
iaino?aiea o?iie/aneiai ainiaeeoaeueiiai i?ioeanna.
Ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia ?ac?aaioaia e aiaae?aia a i?aeoeeo uaaeyueo
iaoiaeia ea/aiey no?eeoo? o?ao?u. E iei ioiinyony iioe/aneay o?ao?ioiiey
e o?aino?ao?aeueiay yeaeo?i?acaeoeey, aioo?aiiyy neaiay o?ao?ioiiey
(o?ao?ioii Ithci).
Iieacaieyie e ?ao?ia?aaeiie o?ao?ioiiee yaeyaony iaeeoa?aoeey o?ao?u ia
ia?aie/aiiii i?ioyaeaiee i?e iaee/ee yieoeenoinoiiu, au?aaeaiiia
noaeaiea o?ao?, i?e eioi?ii i?iaaaeaiea aoaeae auei iaaiciiaeii eeai
i?aaenoaaeyei cia/eoaeueiua o?oaeiinoe e auei /?aaaoi nicaeaieai
“eiaeiuo” oiaeia.
?ao?ia?aaeiay o?ao?ioiiey i?iaiaeeony iiae aecoaeueiui eiio?ieai.
Eieueoeaaeaeii ?aniieiaeaiiua ?oaoeiaua oeaie ?annaeathony eiiueaaeaeiui
iiaeii aei iiyaeaiey aiciiaeiinoe ?ao?ia?aaeiiai i?iaaaeaiey o?ao?ioiia
a ii/aaie iocu?ue.
Aioaa?aaeiay o?ao?ioiiey inouanoaeyaony iinea i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai
i?iaaaeaiey aoaeae /a?ac no?eeoo?o o?ao?u n aa aeeeyoaoeeae aei ?acia?a
?acaeoineiia. Iineaaeiee i?iaiaeeony a ii/aaie iocu?ue, a yaoai a
aioaa?aaeiii iai?aaeaiee auiieiyaony o?ao?ioiiey e yeaeo?i?acaeoeey
?oaoeiaie oeaie ii/aenioneaoaeueiiai eaiaea. Aeey oeo/oaiey ?acoeueoaoia
oeaeaniia?acii ia 3-4 aeaiue iinea iia?aoeee i?eiaiaiea ?annanuaathuae
oa?aiee. Ii iiaieth ?yaea aaoi?ia, eo/oei ni/aoaieai n/eoaaony
i?eiaiaiea yiaeio?ao?aeueiiai oiiioi?aca eeaeacu e aioeaeioeea i?e
iiiiue oeueo?acaoeiaiai eceo/aoaey. Oeueo?acaoeiaia eceo/aiea,
aicaeaenoaoy ia aieieienoua no?oeoo?u eieeaaaia, niinianoaotho aeoaieiio
i?iieeiiaaieth eeaeacu e aioeaeioeea a oeaie ?oaoeaai-eciaiaiiie o?ao?u.
Eeaeaca, niaea?aeauay oa?iaio aeaeo?iieaeaco, niinianoaoao ?aniaaeo
oeaiaioe?othuaai aauanoaa niaaeeieoaeueiie oeaie – aeaeo?iiiaie eeneiou
– aei aetheicaieia e aetheo?iiiaie eeneiou e oai naiui oiaiueoaao aa
ayceinoue. Aeaeo?iieaeaca niinianoaoao i?iieoeaaiinoe oeaie e iaeaa/aao
aeaeaeaiea aeeaeeinoe a iaaeeeaoi/iii i?ino?ainoaa, /oi i?eaiaeeo e
oi?ie?iaaieth aieaa yeanoe/iiai niaaeeieoaeueiioeaiiiai ?oaoea.
Neiaeiaa ianoieo aeaei n ea/aieai aeeeiiuo (aieaa 1 ni) no?eeoo? o?ao?u.
A oaeeo neo/ayo iaoiaeii auai?a n/eoaaony i?iaaaeaiea ?aaeeeaeueiie
iia?aoeee. N?aaee iiiaeanoaa iia?aoeee iaeeo/oea ?acoeueoaou
iaaethaeathony i?e i?iaaaeaiee aa ii Nieiaiao. Oaoie/aneia auiieiaiea
yoie iia?aoeee ioiineoaeueii i?inoi, iaeiaei aeey aa oniaoa iaiaoiaeeii
iieiia oaeaeaiea anao ?oaoeiauo oeaiae e aeinoaoi/iay iiaeeecaoeey
caei?iaie /anoe o?ao?u, /oiau aa niiinoaaeaiea n oaeeie ii/aaiai iocu?y
i?ienoiaeeei aac iaeaeoaai iaoyaeaiey.
Aieaa ?aaeeei ineiaeiaieai, caieiathuei aoi?ia ianoi ii /anoioa,
yaeyaony no?eeoo?a eee iaeeoa?aoeey oaeee ii/aaiai iocu?y. Eeeie/aneay
ea?oeia oa aea, /oi e i?e no?eeoo?ao o?ao?u. I?aaeiieaaaaiuie i?e/eiaie
iiaoo auoue i?aaeoanoaiaaaoee o?iie/aneee i?inoaoeo, ooeaaiea oaeee
o?iieaoaooiauie oienouie oaaie e ?aiiaa oaeaeaiea eaoaoa?a eee aaaeaiea
aac iaai. Ea/aiea aeaiiiai ineiaeiaiey aeeth/aao a naay
o?ainaaceeaeueioth ?acaeoeeth oaeee ii/aaiai iocu?y eee i?iaaaeaiea OO?.
Aua iaeei aeae ioaeaeaiiiai ineiaeiaiey aaeaiiiyeoiiee i?inoaou
i?aaie/aneie i?e?iaeu- inoaoi/iay iieinoue ia ianoa oaeaeaiiie aaeaiiiu,
oae iacuaaaiue i?aaeiocu?ue. Anee “i?aaeiocu?ue” ia nii?iaiaeaeaaony
no?eeoo?ie oaeee ii/aaiai iocu?y eee o?ao?u, o aieueoeinoaa aieueiuo ii
ia aucuaaao eaeeo-eeai eeeie/aneeo i?iyaeaiee. Eeoue o iaeioi?uo,
ia?aianoeo o?ao?eo, “i?aaeiocu?ue” iiaeao auoue enoi/ieeii ieo?ee e
aieae a i?iiaaeiinoe aac aeeco?ee, eiiaaea ia noieueei neeueiuo. *oi
aieueiua ia iiaoo neaeaoue. I?e ionoonoaee yooaeoa io eiina?aaoeaiie
oa?aiee. Auiieiyaony enna/aiea “i?aaeiocu?y” n eiaaaeiaoeeae o?ao?u ii
Nieiaiao.
Aieaa oyaeaeua eeeie/aneea i?iyaeaiey oa?aeoa?u aeey ia?aciaaiey
“i?aaeiocu?y” n ni/aoaieai ni no?eeoo?ie o?ao?u. A ea/anoaa i?e/eiu
yoiai eiiaeie?iaaiiiai ineiaeiaiey iiaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue oaeaeaiea
aieueoie aaeaiiiu e aianoa a n iae i?inoaoe/aneie /anoe o?ao?u.
Eeeie/aneea i?iyaeaiey yoiai ineiaeiaiey iiaeii auei au
ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue iaeiei neiaii – aeeco?ey. Iaeiaei, yoa aeeco?ey
aanueia naiaia?acia. Ii/aenioneaiea o/auaii aeiai e ii/ueth –
niioaaonoaaiii aei 8 e 5 ?ac. A iiiaio ia/aea ii/aenioneaiey aieueiua
ioia/atho aieue eee aeaaeaiea a i?iiaaeiinoe, a caoai iiyaeaiea ii/e
oiieie, ayeie no?oae; yoe iuouaiey oaea?aeeaathony ia i?ioyaeaiee anaai
aeoa ii/aenioneaiey. Oiaiueoaiea aiee eee aeaaeaiey niaiaaeatho n
ia/aeii auaeaeaiey ii/e ii eaieyi. Iai?yaeaiea a?thoiiai i?anna ia
i?eaiaeeo e ieii/aieth iiaeoaeaiey ii/e, e iaeioi?ia aa eiee/anoai
iiiaaeaao ia aaeuea. Yoi ianneaiia auaeaeaiea ii/e i?ienoiaeeo ec
“i?aaeiocu?y” ii nnoaeaiiie /anoe o?ao?u.
Ea/aiea: aeeth/aao a naay ?acaeoeeth o?ao?u a i?aaeaeao caei?iaie oeaie,
enna/aiea “i?aaeiocu?y” aei oaeee ii/aaiai iocu?y e ?aeiino?oeoeeth
o?ao?u ii Nieiaiao ia ae?aiaaeiie o?oaea.
Aua aieaa oyaeaeie auaaao eeeie/aneay ea?oeia caaieaaaiey, eiaaea e
iienaiiiio auoa ineiaeiaieth i?eniaaeeiyaony no?eeoo?a oaeee ii/aaiai
iocu?y, oi anoue o aieueiiai eiathony no?eeoo?u oaeee ii/aaiai iocu?y,
“i?aaeiocu?ue”, no?eeoo?a o?ao?u. I?e/eiu yoiai ineiaeiaiey, ii
aeaeeiiio oa aea, /oi e o i?aaeuaeouaai, ii n neiioiiaoeeie ianeieueei
eiiai oa?aeoa?a. Aaaeouei neiioiiii yaeyaony cao?oaeiaiiia, n
iaooaeeaaieai, eiiaaea ii eaieyi, ii/aenioneaiea; au?aaeaiiua aiee a
i?iiaaeiinoe e ii oiaeo o?ao?u, aeeeoaeueiia iiaeoaeaiea ii/e iinea
ii/aenioneaiey.
Ia?a/eneaiiua auoa ineiaeiaiey aaeaiiiyeoiiee neiaeiu e o?aaotho
aaeoi/eaiai auai?a aaeaeaaoiiai iaoiaea ea/aiey. I?e eniieueciaaiee
eino?oiaioaeueiiai ea/aiey, oi anoue aoaee?iaaiey, ?aaeeeaeueiiai oniaoa
i?aeoe/anee ieeiaaea ia aeiaeoueny. Aieaa oiai, yoio iaoiae iianai
iiauie ineiaeiaieyie (oae iacuaaaiuie “ineiaeiaieyie
ineiaeiaiee”).Oi?ioei iaoiaeii ea/aiey yaeyaony OO?. I?e ii?aaeaeaiiii
iaauea aioo?aiiyy o?ao?ioiiey yeaeo?iiiaeii n iiiiuueth iia?aoeeiiiiai
o?ao?ioeenoineiia e o?aino?ao?aeueiay ?acaeoeey oaeee ii/aaiai iocu?y
iiaoo aeaoue oi?ioea ?acoeueoaou. A iineaiia?aoeeiiiii ia?eiaea
iaycaoaeueii ae?aie?iaaiea ii/aaiai iocu?y iinoiyiiui eaoaoa?ii a
oa/aiea 3-5 aeiae n iineaaeothuei aoaee?iaaieai a oa/aiea 2-3 ianyoeaa n
oauaathuae /anoioie. Nouanoaoao e ?yae iniaaiiinoae i?e auiieiaiee
iia?aoeee ii Nieiaiao a aeaiiuo neooaoeeyo. Aeinooi e o?ao?a aeieaeai
auoue oe?ieei. Eo/oei ?ac?acii yaeyaony i?iaeieueiue ii oao io caaeiaai
iiethna iioiiee aei i?iiaaeiinoe, ia aeioiaey aei noeieoa?a aiaeueiiai
ioaa?noey. Aaniethoii iaiaoiaeeiui oi?ioay, ii anae eeiee ?ac?aca
iiaeeecaoeey o?ao?u. Iianaiey aiciiaeiiai ene?eaeaiey eaaa?iiciuo oae
aneaaenoaea oei?i/aiey o?ao?u iinea iia?aoeee eceeoie, oae eae o
aieueoeinoaa aieueiuo eiaaony eiiioaioeey, a o nio?aieaoeo iieiaoth
ooieoeeth ii/aenioneaoaeueiue eaiae n?aaieoaeueii auno?i ?anoyaeaaaony.
Aaaeiui i?aaeeii yaeyaony ouaoaeueiia auaeaeaiea ?oaoeiai eciaiaiiie
/anoe o?ao?u aianoa n “i?aaeiocu?ai”, noaiee eioi?iai i?aaenoaaeytho
niaie ia?uaea eainoeu i?inoaou, inoaoee iineaaeiae, ?oaoeiaoth e
a?aioeyoeeiiioth oeaiue. O?ao?o neaaeoao i?iaiaeeoue ii iaeciaiaiiui
oeaiyi, iaiaoiaeeii eaoaai?e/anee ecaaaaoue i?ioyaeaaiey aa /a?ac
“i?aaeiocu?ue” – iineaaeiee a aeaeueiaeoai ?oaoeoaony, /oi ia?ooaao
ii?iaeueioth i?ioiaeeiinoue ii/aenioeaoaeueiiai eaiaea.
Oaia?ue oioaeinue au neacaoue i oae iacuaaaiuo “ineiaeiaieyo
ineiaeiaiee”. I?e/eiie eo yaeyaony ianeeuenoaaiiia aoaee?iaaiea i?e oaea
eiathuaeny no?eeoo?a eee no?eeoo?a a ni/aoaiee n “i?aaeiocu?ai”. I?e
no?eeoo?a oaeee ii/aaiai iocu?y aiciiaeai eiaeiue oiae a oaeea ii/aaiai
iocu?y. A eeeie/aneie ea?oeia yoiai ineiaeiaiey iao eaeeo-eeai
niaoeeoe/aneeo i?eciaeia: ia?aiia/aeueiay iineaiia?aoeeiiiay aeeco?ey
(/anoua iicuau, ii/aenioneaiea n iaooaeeaaieai oiieie no?oae e iaeuie
ii?oeeyie) ia?aoiaeeea a iioa?th iicuaia e ii/aenioneaiea ii iuouaieth
oyaeanoe iaae eiiii n iaooaeeaaieai, oiieie ayeie no?oae. Oiion oaeiai
ii/aaiai iocu?y iau/ii iiieaeai, n aieueoei eiee/anoaii inoaoi/iie ii/e.
I?e iniio?a ni noi?iiu ii/aaiai iocu?y a iaeanoe aioo?aiiaai ioaa?noey
ii/aenioneaoaeueiiai eaiaea aeaeai aaeaniaaoue ?oaaoe, ieioiue i?e
iaeueiaoeee, e iau/ii ?yaeii n iei a neeaaeeao neecenoie iaiei/ee
oaeaaony iaia?oaeeoue naeu. Iaeiei ec aiciiaeiuo auoiaeia a aeaiiie
neooaoeee yaeyaony OO? ?oaoeiai eciaiaiiie oeaie oaeee ii/aaiai iocu?y n
i?iaaaeaieai ?acaeoineiia ii eiaeiiio oiaeo, oi anoue enna/aiea
ia?aiu/ee iaaeaeo eiaeiui oiaeii e enoeiiie o?ao?ie.
*ai oyaeaeaa ineiaeiaiea, oai na?ueaciaa aai ineiaeiaiea. Iiaeii
oeacaoue ia ianeieueei aa?eaioia “ineiaeiaiee ineiaeiaiee”:
i?aaeiocu?ii-iocu?iue eiaeiue oiae; o?ao?iiocu?iue eiaeiue oiae,
ieiothuee “i?aaeiocu?ue”. I?e/eiu yoeo eiiaeie?iaaiiuo ineiaeiaiee
caeeth/athony a aoaee?iaaiee i?e iaee/ee no?eeoo?u oaeee ii/aaiai iocu?y
eee no?eeoo?u e oaeee e i?aaeiocu?iiai ioaeaea o?ao?u. A eeeie/aneie
ea?oeia iiaeii ioiaoeoue aieueooth aa?eaaaeueiinoue ?anno?ienoa
ii/aenioneaiey – io iai?a?uaiiai iiaeoaeaiey ii/e aei iieiie aa
caaea?aeee. A ea/aiee yoeo eiiaeie?iaaiiuo ineiaeiaiee eiina?aaoeaiua
iaoiaeu ia yooaeoeaiu, iaoiaeii auai?a inoaaony iia?aoeey Nieiaiaa ii
iienaiiie auoa iaoiaeeea. Ioee/eoaeueiie iniaaiiinoueth iia?aoeaiiai
aiaoaoaeuenoaa yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiinoue iieiiai oaeaeaiey eiaeiiai
oiaea. A i?ioeaiii neo/aa iaaiiaiea naiaeeo ana oneeey oe?o?aa ia iao:
?aoeeaeea no?eeoo?u eee ii/aaie i?iiaaeiinoiue naeu e ia?ooaiiia
ii/aenioneaiea inoaaeyao oaeiai iaoeeaioa a eaoaai?ee oyaeaeaeoeo
aieueiuo.
Iaaea?aeaiea ii/e iinea aaeaiiiyeoiiee.
Ooieoeeiiaeueiua ineiaeiaiey aaeaiiiyeoiiee noiyo ia 3 ianoa iinea
eioaeoeeiiii aeea?ae/aneeo e i?aaie/aneeo ineiaeiaiee. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi
i?e iicaaeeeiaeiaie aaeaiiiyeoiiee iaaea?aeaiea ii/e ano?a/aaony a 0,1%
neo/aaa, i?e /?aciocu?iie- a 1-3 %, i?e i?iiaaeiinoiie – a 2-5 %. Aeey
oniaoiiai ea/aiey iaaea?aeaiey ii/e iinea aaeaiiiyeoiiee iaiaoiaeeii
ciaoue aiaoiii-ooieoeeiiaeueiia ninoiyiea ii/aaiai iocu?y e aai
caiueaoaeueiiai aiia?aoa. A ii?ia ianneaiia oaea?aeaiea ii/e
inouanoaeyaony ca n/ao ?anneaaeaiey aeao?oci?a, yeanoe/aneeo naienoa
caaeiae o?ao?u, a aeoeaiia oaea?aeaiea ii/e – ca n/ao nie?aoeoaeueiie
niiniaiinoe ia?oaeiiai noeieoa?a.
I?e/eiie aicieeiiaaiey iaaea?aeaiey ii/e iinea aaeaiiiyeoiiee
i?aaenoaoaeueiie aeaeacu iiaeii oneiaii ?acaeaeeoue ia
i?aae?aniieaaathuaa e iaiin?aaenoaaiiua.
I?aae?aniieaaathuea oaeoi?u
iaoieiae/aneea i?ioeannu, cao?oaeiythuea yioeeaaoeeth aaeaiiiaoiciuo
oceia;
ia?ooaiea eiia?aaoeee a ciia Oeeiia?iaia;
aeenaaeain aaaaoaoeaiie ia?aiie nenoaiu ( nieaeaiea aeeyiey
neiiaoe/aneiai ioaeaea);
iiauoaiea o?iaiy i?inoiaeaiaeeia A2
Iaiin?aaenoaaiiua oaeoi?u:
aeia??aoeaeney aeao?oci?a;
iia?aaeaeaiea noeieoa?ia ii/aaiai iocu?y ( ?ac?ua eee ?anoyaeaiea) i?e
yioeeaaoeee aaeaiiiu eee iai?aaeeueiia eniieueciaaiea n aaiinoaoe/aneie
oeaeueth aaeiiiiai eaoaoa?a (eoaie/aneea eciaiaiey aieioue aei iae?ica
i?e /?acia?iie e aeeeoaeueiie eiii?annee aaeeiiii oaeee ii/aaiai
iocu?y).
?acee/atho 5 aeaeia iaaea?aeaiey ii/e:
oioaeueiia iaaea?aeaiea ii/e, oa?aeoa?ecothuaany iinoiyiiui iiaeoaeaieai
ii/e iacaaeneii io iieiaeaiey oaea;
no?anniaua iaaea?aeaiey ii/e, aicieeathuea i?e oece/aneie iaa?ocea e
iiauoaiee aioo?ea?thoiiai aeaaeaiey
i?oinoaoe/aneia iaaea?aeaiea ii/e, i?iyaeythuaany a aa?oeeaeueiii
iieiaeaiee iaoeeaioa, oiaaea eae i?e ai?eciioaeueiii iieiaeaiee
iiyaeyaony iicua ia ii/aenioneaiea e aieueiie ii/eony naiinoiyoaeueii
yieciaee/aneia iaaea?aeaiea ii/e, aicieeathuaa a iacaaeneiinoe io
a?aiaie, iieiaeaiey oaea e oece/aneeo iaa?ocie
iaaea?aeaiea ii/e, ?acaeaathuaany a ?acoeueoaoa /anouo eiia?aoeaiuo
iicuaia ia ii/aenioneaiea.
A oiaea ianeaaeiaaiey, e?iia iauaeeeie/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey, aieueiui
auiieiyaony oeueo?acaoeiaia, ?aioaaiieiae/aneia (iaci?iue nieiie,
?ao?ia?aaeiay o?ao?ia?aoey, ieeoeeiiiay oeenoio?ao?ia?aoey),
o?iaeeiaie/aneia ( o?ioeioiao?ey, oeenoiiaiiiiiao?eth, ii?aaeaeaiea
i?ioeey aioo?eo?ao?aeueiiai aeaaeaiey, yeaeo?iieia?aoeth ia?oaeiiai
noeieoa?a) enneaaeiaaiey.
O /anoe aieueiuo, e?iia iaaea?aeaiey ii/e aeeaaiinoe?othony no?eeoo?u
o?ao?u e oaeee ii/aaiai iocu?y, “i?aaeiocu?ue”, eaiie “i?aaeiocu?y”,
eiaeiue oiae o?ao?u, ai?iieiia?aciay oaeea ii/aaiai iocu?y.
Oa?aeoa? auyaeaiiuo ia?ooaiee oeacuaaao ia iaiaoiaeeiinoue
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai auai?a iaoiaea oa?aiee aeey eaaeaeiai aieueiiai n
iaaea?aeaieai ii/e iinea aaeaiiiyeoiiee.
A eeeieea o aieueiuo n iaaea?aeaieai ii/e i?e iaee/ee ni/aoaiiiai
ii?aaeaiey ieaeieo ii/aauo iooae a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue i?iaiaeeony
ia?ii?eyoey, iai?aaeaiiua ia eeeaeaeaoeeth eio?aaaceeaeueiie
iano?oeoeee. Ia neaaeothuai yoaia i?iaiaeeony i?ioeaiainiaeeoaeueiay
oa?aiey e ei??aeoeey niioonoaothueo caaieaaaiee, i?eaiaeyueo e
iiauoaieth aioo?ea?thoiiai aeaaeaiey. Iinea yoiai inouanoaeyaony
iaaeeeiiaioiciia ea/aiea aeia??aoeaeo?iiai ii/aaiai iocu?y. A
iineaaeithth i/a?aaeue inouanoaeythony ea/aaiua ia?ii?eyoey,
iai?aaeaiiua ia ainnoaiiaeaiea ia?ooaiiie ooieoeee caiueaoaeueiiai
aiia?aoa ii/aaiai iocu?y e iiauoaiea ?acenoaioiinoe o?ao?u.
Iieacaieyie e iia?aoeaiiio ea/aieth yaeyaony i?oinoaoe/aneia e
oioaeueiia iaaea?aeaiea ii/e, i?e eioi?ii /aua anaai ioia/aaony
iayooaeoeaiinoue eiina?aaoeaiiai ea/aiey, e ana ae?oaea aeaeu
iaaea?aeaiey ii/e iinea i?iaaaeaiiiai eiina?aaoeaiiai ea/aiey aac
yooaeoa. A ?yaea neo/aaa i?e ioai?a aieueiuo aeey iia?aoeaiiai ea/aiey
iieuecothony ?acoeueoaoii enneaaeiaaiey i?ioeey aioo?eo?ao?aeueiiai
aeaaeaiey, ai a?aiy eioi?iai ii?aaeaeyaony ooieoeeiiaeueiay aeeeia
o?ao?u e iaeneiaeueiia aioo?oo?aoaeueiia aeaaeaiea. Enneaaeiaaiea
i?iaiaeeony a iieia e i?e noeioeyoeee noeieoa?ia ii/aaiai iocu?y;
iieo/aiiua ?acoeueoaou n?aaieaathony e ii iei i?iaiice?oaony
yooaeoeaiinoue eee iayyoaeoeaiinoue eiina?aaoeaiie oa?aiee.
Eiina?aaoeaiia ea/aiea ninoieo ec:
ea/aaiay oeceoeueoo?a
i?iaiaeeony anai aieueiui. Ia ?yaeo n iauaoece/aneei oi?aaeiaieyie,
aeaaioai?ii aeeythueie ia na?aea/ii-ninoaeenooth e ia?aioth nenoaiu,
i?eiaiyaony niaoeeaeueiua oi?aaeiaiey, iai?aaeaiiua ia oe?aieaiea
noeieoa?ia ii/aaiai iocu?y e i?yiie eeoee, a oaeaea iuooe oaciaiai aeia
(nie?auaiea noeieoa?a ii/aaiai iocu?y – eieoaoeey i?a?uaaiey no?oe ii/e;
iai?yaeaiea noeieoa?ia caaeiaai i?ioiaea, “ aaeineiaae “,
“iiaeieoeu”). Oi?aaeiaiey i?iaiaeyony ii 20-30 iei. A aeaiue a oa/aiea
4-6 ianyoeaa.
Iaaeeeaiaioiciia ea/aiea.
Iai?aaeaii ia ono?aiaiea ninoiyiee i?e eioi?uo iiauoaaony aioo?ea?thoiia
aeaaeaiea: caii?u, neeueiue e /anoue eaoaeue.
I?e aeia??aoeaeoi?iii ii/aaii iocu?a n oeaeueth nieaeaiey aai ii?iaa
?aoeaeoi?iinoe iacia/atho aioeoieeiy?ae/aneea i?aia?aou ( ao?iiei,
ieaoeoeeeei, yeno?aeo aaeiaeiiiu ), ?aeoaeueiua naa/e n aaeiaeiiiie,
einoeeeyoeee a ii/aaie iocu?ue ?anoai?a ae?iia?eaeiea. Iiae aeeyieai
yoeo i?aia?aoia oaaee/eaaaony iauai ii/aaiai iocu?y, nieaeaaony
aioo?eiocu?iia aeaaeaiea, aic?anoaao aioo?eo?ao?aeueiia nii?ioeaeaiea.
N oeaeueth noeioeyoeee noeieoa?ia ii/aaiai iocu?y eniieuecoaony
i?ica?ei. Oece/aneea iaoiaeu ea/aiey ni/aoathony n aaaaeaieai AOO
(ainiieiyao yia?aicao?aou noeieao?ia ii/aaiai iocu?y i?e
yeaeo?inoeioeyoeee).
Oece/aneea iaoiaeu.
N 1970 aiaea a ea/aiee oe?iei i?eiaiyaony yeaeo?inoeioeyoeey. Aeey
i?iaaaeaiey yeaeo?inoeioeyoeee eniieuecotho iiaa?oiinoiua, iaeiaeiua,
o?ao?aeueiua, ?aeoaeueiua e aiaeueiua yeaeo?iaeu. O?ao?aeueiua
yeaeo?iaeu iii/a?aaeii iiaeaiaeyony e iaeanoe ia?oaeiiai e aioo?aiiaai
noeieoa?a ii/aaiai iocu?y; eiaeeoa?aioiue yeaeo?iae onoaiaaeeaaaony ia
eiaeo a iaeanoe e?anooea. Eo?n ea/aiey – 10 naainia ii 10 iei.
Iiae aeeyieai yeaeo?inoeioeyoeee oeo/oathony o?ioe/aneea i?ioeannu a
?aoeaioi?ao, ia?aiuo i?iaiaeieeao e nieiaeueiuo oeaio?ao, aneaaenoaea
/aai iiauoaaony aicaoaeeiinoue iuooe noeieoa?a. E?iia oiai, i?yiay
yeaeo?e/aneay noeioeyoeey yaeyaony yooaeoeaiui ea/aieai niioonoaothuaai
o?iie/aneiai i?inoaoeoa.
Caoeiaay noeioeyoeey. Eceo/aoaeue caoea onoaiaaeeaaaony ia
i?iiaaeiinoue, i?eaeeiay e eiaea. I?ioeaaeo?a ninoieo ec aeaoo naainia
ii 10 ieioo n ia?a?uaii a 60 ieioo. Eo?n ea/aiey – 10 i?ioeaaeo?. Yooaeo
ea/aiey iaoneiaeai i?aia?aciaaieai yeaeo?e/aneeo neaiaeia, iioeiaeueiuo
i?e i?yiie yeaeo?e/aneie noeioeyoeee, a iaoaie/aneea.
Eiiieaeniia eiina?aaoeaiia ea/aiea ieacuaaaony yooaeoeaiui
i?eaeeceoaeueii a 80% neo/aaa iaaea?aeaiey ii/e.
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