AINO ? 22.3.04-95
AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE NOAIAeA?O ?INNEENEIE OAAeA?AOeEE
———————————————————————-
AACIIANIINOUe A *?ACAU*AEIUO NEOOAOeEssO
EIIO?IEUe IANAEAIEss AeICEIAO?E*ANEEE
IAOIAe II?AAeAEAIEss IIAEIUAIIUO AeIC AIAOIAAI AAIIA-ECEO*AIEss
II NIAEO?AI YEAEO?IIIIAI IA?AIAAIEOIIAI ?ACIIAINA COAIIE YIAEE
Ieii/aoaeueiay ?aaeaeoeey
Ecaeaiea ioeoeeaeueiia
AINNOAIAeA?O ?INNEE
Iineaa
AINO ? 22.3.04-95
I?aaeeneiaea
1 ?AC?AAIOAI Iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneei eniuoaoaeueiui oeaio?ii
?aaee-
aoeeiiiie aaciianiinoe einie/aneeo iauaeoia Oaaea?aeueiiai oi?aaeaiey
ia-
aeeei-aeieiae/aneeo e yeno?aiaeueiuo i?iaeai i?e Ieicae?aaiaaei?iia
?innee
n o/anoeai Einoeoooa aeioeceee Ieicae?aaiaaei?iia ?innee, Ana?inneeneiai
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneiai einoeoooa oeceei-oaoie/aneeo e
?aaeeioaoie-
/aneeo ecia?aiee Ainnoaiaea?oa ?innee, Ana?inneeneiai iao/ii-enneaaeiaa-
oaeueneiai einoeoooa ieia?aeueiiai nu?uey Aaieeiia i?e Niaaoa
Ieieno?ia
?innee, Oiaa?euanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth “O?eoii”
AIANAI Oaoie/aneei eiieoaoii ii noaiaea?oecaoeee OE 71
“A?aaeaeaineay
iai?iia, i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea e eeeaeaeaoeey /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee”
2 I?EIssO E AAAAeAI a aeaenoaea Iinoaiiaeaieai Ainnoaiaea?oa
?innee
io N
3 AAAAeAI AIA?AUA
@ Ecaeaoaeuenoai noaiaea?oia, 1995
Ianoiyuee noaiaea?o ia iiaeao auoue iieiinoueth eee /anoe/ii
aini?iec-
aaaeai, oe?aaee?iaai e ?ani?ino?aiai a ea/anoaa ioeoeeaeueiiai ecaeaiey
aac
?ac?aoaiey Ainnoaiaea?oa ?innee
II
AINO ? 22.3.04-95
Niaea?aeaiea
1 Iaeanoue i?eiaiaiey …………………………….
2 Ii?iaoeaiua nnueee …………………………….
3 Ii?aaeaeaiey e nie?auaiey ………………………
4 Nouiinoue iaoiaea
5 Iai?oaeiaaiea e iaoa?eaeu aeey i?iaaaeaiey ecia?aiee….
6 Iiaeaioiaea e i?iaaaeaieth ecia?aiee ……………….
7 I?iaaaeaiea ecia?aiee …………………………..
8 Ia?aaioea ?acoeueoaoia ecia?aiee …………………
9 Aeiionoeiay iia?aoiinoue eiio?iey …………………
10 O?aaiaaiey aaciianiinoe…………………………
I?eeiaeaiea A Ioai?, o?ainii?oe?iaea e o?aiaiea ia?acoeia
coaia ………………………………………..
I?eeiaeaiea A Aieaoiue eeno ……………………….
I?eeiaeaiea A Ioaeaeaiea yiaee io aeaioeia i?e iiaeaioiaea
i?ia coaiie yiaee ……………………………..
I?eeiaeaiea A Iaoiaeeea ia?aaioee ecia?aiiuo YI?-niaeo?ia
yiaee coaia……………………………………
I?eeiaeaiea Ae ?an/ao ia?aiao?ia ?aa?annee …………..
I?eeiaeaiea A Oi?ia caiene ?acoeueoaoia ecia?aiey……..
I?eeiaeaiea AE Iaoiaeeea ioeaiee iia?aoiinoe ecia?aiey
iiaeiuaiiie aeicu ………………………………
III
AINO ? 22.3.04-95
AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE NOAIAeA?O ?INNEENEIE OAAeA?AOeEE
______________________________________________________________________
AACIIANIINOUe A *?ACAU*AEIUO NEOOAOeEssO
EIIO?IEUe IANAEAIEss AeICEIAO?E*ANEEE
IAOIAe II?AAeAEAIEss IIAEIUAIIUO AeIC AIAOIAAI AAIIA-ECEO*AIEss
II NIAEO?AI YEAEO?IIIIAI IA?AIAAIEOIIAI ?ACIIAINA COAIIE YIAEE
Safety in emergencies
Dosimetric control of population
METHOD OF ABSORBED RADIATION DOSES MEASUREMENT
USING ESR-SPECTRA OF TOOTH ENAMEL
_____________________________________________________________________
Aeaoa aaaaeaiey 1996-07-01
1 Iaeanoue i?eiaiaiey
Ianoiyuee noaiaea?o onoaiaaeeaaao iaoiae ii?aaeaeaiey
iiaeiuaiiuo
aeic aiaoiaai aaiia-eceo/aiey ii niaeo?ai yeaeo?iiiiai ia?aiaaieoiiai
?aciiaina ia?acoeia coaiie yiaee (YI?-aeiceiao?ey).
Noaiaea?o i?eiaiytho a eaai?aoi?eyo ?aaeeaoeeiiiiai eiio?iey,
inia-
uaiiuo YI?-niaeo?ineiie/aneie aiia?aoo?ie, i?e ainnoaiiaeaiee eiaeeae-
aeoaeueiuo iiaeiuaiiuo aeic io aiaoiaai aaiia-eceo/aiey o aeeoaeae
?aaei-
iia, iino?aaeaaoeo a /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeeyo (?aaeeaoeeiiiua
caa?yciaiey
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu a ?acoeueoaoa iaeiio?iee?oaiuo aaa?ee e
eaoano?io,
aicaeaenoaea eiiece?othueo eceo/aiee ia ianaeaiea a ?acoeueoaoa
yaea?iuo
eniuoaiee).
______________________________________________________________________
Ecaeaiea ioeoeeaeueiia
1
AINO ? 22.3.04-95
2 Ii?iaoeaiua nnueee
A ianoiyuai noaiaea?oa eniieueciaaiu nnueee ia neaaeothuea
noaiaea?ou:
AINO ? 22.0.02-94 Aaciianiinoue a /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeeyo. Oa?ieiu
e ii?aaeaeaiey iniiaiuo iiiyoee
AINO 8.010-90 Ainoaea?noaaiiay nenoaia iaania/aiey aaeeinoaa ecia-
?aiee. Iauea o?aaiaaiey e noaiaea?oecaoeee e aooanoaoeee iaoiaeee
auiieia-
iey ecia?aiee
AINO 8.207-76 Ainoaea?noaaiiay nenoaia iaania/aiey aaeeinoaa ecia-
?aiee. I?yiua ecia?aiey n iiiaie?aoiuie iaaethaeaieyie. Iaoiaeu
ia?aaioee
?acoeueoaoia iaaethaeaiee. Iniiaiua iieiaeaiey
AINO 2603-79 Aoeaoii. Oaoie/aneea oneiaey
AINO 6709-72 Aiaea aeenoeeee?iaaiiay. Oaoie/aneea oneiaey
AINO 9147-80 Iinoaea e iai?oaeiaaiea eaai?aoi?iua oa?oi?iaua. Oao-
ie/aneea oneiaey
AINO 18300-87 Nie?o yoeeiaue ?aeoeoeeiaaiiue oaoie/aneee. Oaoie-
/aneea oneiaey
AINO 19908-90 Oeaee, /aoe, noaeaiu, eieau, ai?iiee, i?iae?ee e
iaeiia/ieee ec i?ic?a/iiai eaa?oeaaiai noaeea. IOO
AINO 20282-86 Iieenoe?ie iauaai iacia/aiey INI-111
AINO 22090-89A Ai?u coaia?a/aaiua. Iauea oaoie/aneea o?aaiaaiey
e iaoiaeu eniuoaiee
AINO 23932-90A Iinoaea e iai?oaeiaaiea eaai?aoi?iua noaeeyiiua. IOO
AINO 24104-88A Aanu eaai?aoi?iua iauaai iacia/aiey e ia?acoeiaua.
IOO
AINO 25336-82A Iinoaea e iai?oaeiaaiea eaai?aoi?iua noaeeyiiua. Oe-
iu iniiaiua ia?aiao?u e ?acia?u
2
AINO ? 22.3.04-95
3 Ii?aaeaeaiey e nie?auaiey
A ianoiyuai noaiaea?oa i?eiaiytho neaaeothuea ii?aaeaeaiey e
nie?aua-
iey:
/?acau/aeiay neooaoeey (*N) – ii AINO ? 22.0.02;
ia?aiaaieoiia aauanoai – aauanoai, niaea?aeauaa aoiiu eee iieaeoeu
n iania?aiiui yeaeo?iiii e
yeaeo?iiiue ia?aiaaieoiue ?aciiain (YI?) – yaeaiea iiaeiuaiey
yia?aee naa?oauniei/anoioiiai (1-10 Aaoe) eceo/aiey (NA*) ia?aiaaieoiu-
ie oeaio?aie aauanoaa, iiiauaiiiai a iaaieoiia iiea, i?e iaeioi?ii ii-
?aaeaeaiiii aeey aeaiiuo ia?aiaaieoiuo oeaio?ia cia/aiee iaaieoiiai
iiey;
g-oaeoi? – iniiaiay ?aaeeiniaeo?ineiie/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea ia?a-
iaaieoiuo oeaio?ia, naycaiiay n eo iaaieoiui iiiaioii e iicaieythuay
i?iaiaeeoue eo eaeaioeoeeaoeeth i?e aiaeeca YI?-niaeo?ia aauanoaa;
coaiay yiaeue (CY) – aiaoeoiiiaeiaiia aauanoai iieee?enoaeee/aneie
no?oeoo?u n iacia/eoaeueiie i?eianueth i?aaie/aneeo niaaeeiaiee;
?Y IAeICY – ?aai/ee yoaeii iiaeiuaiiie aeicu a iaeo/aiiie CY;
?IOe – ?aaeeaoeeiiii-eiaeooee?iaaiiua ia?aiaaieoiua oeaio?u
4 Nouiinoue iaoiaea
Nouiinoue iaoiaea caeeth/aaony a ecia?aiee eioaineaiinoe
neaiaeia
YI? io noaaeeueiuo ai a?aiaie ?IOe, ia?acothueony a
e?enoaeee/aneie
no?oeoo?a CY a eiee/anoaao, i?iii?oeeiiaeueiuo iiaeiuaiiie aeica
iaeo/a-
iey. ?aaeeaoeeiiiue neaiae – oceee aiecio?iiiue iee iiaeiuaiey a niaeo?a
YI? iaeo/aiiie CY – ii?aaeaeytho ia oiia oe?ieiai ieea iiaeiuaiey n iae-
neioiii a aeeaiaciia g=2,006-2,003, i?enouaai niaeo?o iaiaeo/aiiie CY e
iaoneiaeaiiiai i?aaie/aneeie i?eianyie.
3
AINO ? 22.3.04-95
Iniaaiiinoue iaoiaea YI?-aeiceiao?ee, a eioi?ii CY i?aaenoaaeyaony
a
ea/anoaa eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai oaa?aeioaeueiiai aeiceiao?a, caeeth/aaony
a ia-
oiaeaeaiee eiyooeoeeaioa ?aaeeaoeeiiiie /oanoaeoaeueiinoe yiaee (f) a
?a-
coeueoaoa iineaaeiaaoaeueiiai aeiiaeo/aiey (e niioaaonoaothueo
YI?-ecia?a-
iee) eaaeaeie i?iau ia aooanoiaaiiii enoi/ieea aaiia-eceo/aiey n
niaeth-
aeaieai oneiaee ?aaiiaaney aoi?e/iuo yeaeo?iiia. Ieii/aoaeueioth
ioeaieo
ia?aiia/aeueiie iiaeiuaiiie yiaeueth aeicu aianoa n aa iia?aoiinoueth
iaoi-
aeyo iooai eeiaeiiai ?aa?anneiiiiai aiaeeca aeaiiuo ii eioaineaiinoe ?a-
aeeaoeeiiiuo neaiaeia i?e ?aciuo aeicao aeiiaeo/aiey n o/aoii
ii?aaeaeyaii-
ai cia/aiey f (?en.1).
I?e ainnicaeaiee iauae ea?oeiu ?aaeeaoeeiiiiai ii?aaeaiey ianaeaiey
a
iino?aaeaaoai ?aaeiia e i?iaaaeaiee ianniauo YI?-aiaeecia
aeiioneaaony
onei?aiiue niinia i?eaeeaeaiiie ioeaiee aeic n eniieueciaaieai
aooanoiaai-
iiai ?aai/aai yoaeiia iiaeiuaiiie aeicu a iaeo/aiiie coaiie yiaee n on-
?aaeiaiiui cia/aieai aa ?aaeeaoeeiiiie /oanoaeoaeueiinoe [ ].
5 Iai?oaeiaaiea e iaoa?eaeu aeey i?iaaaeaiey ecia?aiee
Aeey i?iaaaeaiey ecia?aiee i?eiaiytho:
– niaeo?iiao? YI? (aeeeia aieiu 3 ni) n aooanoiaaiiie (ii ianii?-
oo) /oanoaeoaeueiinoueth ia iaiaa 10_510_0 nieiia;
– ?Y IAeICY. ?aaeno?aoeeiiiue N a Ainoaea?noaaiiii
?aano?a
n?aaenoa ecia?aiee;
– onoaiiaea iaeo/aoaeueiay n aooanoiaaiiuie enoi/ieeaie aaiia-ec-
eo/aiey ecioiiia Cs-137 eee Co-60;
– ai?iaoeia yeaeo?e/aneay ii?oaoeaiay oeia AYIA-06 eee ai?iaoeia
oaoie/aneay oeia AO-1-12 n aeaeei ?oeaaii;
4
AINO ? 22.3.04-95
– ai?u coaia?a/aaiua ii AINO 22090;
– aanu eaai?aoi?iua iauaai iacia/aiey e ia?acoeiaua ii AINO 24104
eee aanu oi?neiiiua AO-500;
– oeao nooeeueiue oeia ON-20;
– nooiea n ianoeeii oa?oi?iaay ii AINO 9147;
– yeneeaoi? n aeaaiiiaeiuathueie iaiieieoaeyie ii AINO 25336_4;
– aiioeu iieenoe?ieiaua ii AINO 20282;
– aiioeu noaeeyiiua eaa?oeaaua oiieinoaiiua ii AINO 19908;
– 4%-e ?anoai? oi?iaeueaeaaeaea ii AINO ;
– aoeaoii ii AINO 2603;
– nie?o yoeeiaue ii AINO 18300;
– aiaea aeenoeeee?iaaiiay ii AINO 6709.
6 Iiaeaioiaea e i?iaaaeaieth ecia?aiee
6.1 Iiaeaioiaea i?ia coaiie yiaee
6.1.1 I?aaeaa?eoaeueiua iia?aoeee, naycaiiua n oaeaeaieai,
o?ainii?-
oe?iaeie e o?aiaieai ia?acoeia coaia, i?aaenoaaeaiiuo e
YI?-aeiceiao?e-
/aneiio aiaeeco, ?anniio?aiu a I?eeiaeaiee A. A I?eeiaeaiee A
i?eaaaeaia
aaeeiay iaycaoaeueiay oi?ia ia nii?iaiaeeoaeueiue aeieoiaio e oaeaeyaiui
co-
aai (Aieaoiue eeno), caiieiyaiue a?a/ii-noiiaoieiaii.
6.1.1 N coaa iaoaie/anee oaeaeytho inoaoee i?aaie/aneeo aauanoa,
coaiie eaiaiue e ieaiaioe?iaaiiua ae?aieaiey. Iineaaeiea inoi?iaeii
nio-
eeoiauaatho n iiiiuueth coaia?a/aaiiai ai?a. Caoai coa i?iiuaatho
iineaaei-
aaoaeueii a aoeaoiia, aiaea e nie?oa. I?e iaoaie/aneie ia?aaioea
yiaee
iaaeiionoeii eniieueciaaiea eino?oiaioia e iaoa?eaeia n ia?aiaaieoiuie
naienoaaie.
6
AINO ? 22.3.04-95
6.1.2 I/euaiiue coa ?anieeeaatho iiae no?oae aiaeu n iiiiuueth
aeiac-
iiai io?aciiai aeenea ia aeaa /anoe: aa?oithth, iie?uooth yiaeueth, e
ei?aiue,
a caoai aa?oithth iieiaeio coaa aaeieue aa?oeeaeueiie ine – ia aeaa eee
/a-
ou?a /anoe a caaeneiinoe io aai oi?iu.
6.1.3 Niiniau iineaaeothuaai ?acaeaeaiey yiaee e aeaioeia e
niioaaon-
oaothuaai eiio?iey i?eaaaeaiu a I?eeiaeaiee A.
I?e ethaie iaoaie/aneie ia?aaioea iaiaoiaeeii ecaaaaoue
eieaeueiuo
ia?aa?aaia ia?acoeia CY. ?aeiiaiaeoaony oaeaea eo/oa oaeaeeoue
iaeioi?ia
eiee/anoai yiaee n ae?aieaieyie aeaioeia, /ai inoaaeyoue iineaaeiea
a
aiaeece?oaiie i?iaa CY.
6.1.4 Aeey niyoey yooaeoa aiecio?iiee, eioi?ue iia au i?iyaeoueny
i?e YI?-ecia?aieyo i?ia CY n e?oiiuie o?aaiaioaie, iieo/aiiua ineieee
yiaee eciaeue/atho a nooiea aei ca?ai ?acia?ii ~ 0,5 ii e ia aieaa 1,0
ii
a iiia?a/ieea. Ia neaaeoao aeiioneaoue neeoeii oiieiai eciaeue/aiey
yiaee
(aei ninoiyiey iuee) ai ecaaaeaiea iiyaeaiey noieeeo aeiiieieoaeueiuo
?a-
aeeeaeia (iaoaii-eiaeooee?iaaiiuo eee naycaiiuo n ieeneeoaeueiuie
i?ioean-
naie),
6.1.5 Iiaeaioiaeaiiua oaeei ia?acii ca?ia yiaee iaacaee?eaatho
(i?i-
iuaatho iineaaeiaaoaeueii a aoeaoiia, aeenoeeee?iaaiiie aiaea e
nie?oa) e
aunooeaatho i?e eiiiaoiie oaiia?aoo?a a yeneeaoi?a.
6.1.6 Ec i/euaiiie yiaee aioiayo iaaanee iannie io 50 aei 100 ia a
caaeneiinoe io eiee/anoaa yiaee, iieo/aaiie ec coaa. I?e iiaeaioiaea
i?iau aeey YI?-aeiceiao?e/aneiai aiaeeca ?aeiiaiaeoaony inoaaeyoue
aeey
aiciiaeiiai eiio?ieueiiai aiaeeca ia?aeeaeueioth i?iao CY.
6.1.7 Iiaeaioiaeaiiua i?iau yiaee auaea?aeeaatho a nooeeueiii oeaoo
a
oa/aiea 20-24 /ania i?e oaiia?aoo?a 40+/-2 _50_0N.
7
AINO ? 22.3.04-95
6.1.8 Aiioeu, a eioi?ua aoaeoo iiiauaoueny i?iau yiaee, i?iiuaatho
a
aeenoeeee?iaaiiie aiaea, iiieaneeaatho nie?oii e aunooeaatho i?e
eiiiaoiie
oaiia?aoo?a a yeneeaoi?a n aeaaiiiaeioeoaeai, aaea o?aiyo aei
eniieueci-
aaiey a ?aaioa.
6.1.9 Iiaeaioiaeaiiua ii i.6.1.7 i?iau yiaee iiiauatho a aiioeo
aeey
i?iaaaeaiey ecia?aiee. I?e yoii ca eaaeaeie i?iaie cae?aieytho aiioeo
ia
ana a?aiy ecia?aiee. Iaaaneo yiaee acaaoeaatho e o?aiyo a caeoii?aiiie
aiioea.
6.2 Iiaeaioiaea niae?iiao?a YI?
6.2.1 Iiaeaioiaeo niae?iiao?a YI? e ?aaioa auiieiytho a niioaaon-
oaee n eino?oeoeeae ii aai yenieoaoaoeee.
6.2.2 Aioiaiinoue e ?aaioa YI? niaeo?iiao?a (noaaeeueiinoue
iaaieo-
iiai iiey I, /anoiou_7 n _0e o?iaiy iiuiinoe NA*) i?iaa?ytho,
?aaeno?e?oy
niaeo? ?YIAeICY. Iiaeae?atho iioeiaeueiue ?aai/ee ?aaeei ecia?aiey, i?e
ei-
oi?ii niaeo? ?Y IAeICY iaoiaeeony a na?aaeeia ?acaa?oee iaaieoiiai iiey
I
6.2.3 Noaaeeueiinoue I e _7n_0 eiio?iee?otho aini?iecaiaeeiinoueth
ianoiii-
eiaeaiey ia niaeo?a 3-ae e 4-ie eeiee aeaooaaeaioiiai ia?aaioea,
aoiaeyua-
ai a ninoaa ?Y IAeICY.
6.2.4 Neaaeoao oaaaeeoueny a aini?iecaiaeeiinoe ecia?aiey
aaee/eiu
aiieeooaeu ?aia?iie eeiee ?IOe a niaeo?a ?Y IAeICY, iia?aoiinoue
ecia?aiey
eioi?ie ia aeieaeia i?aauoaoue 2-3%.
6.2.5 Ia?aiao?u ?aaeno?aoeee niaeo?ia (iinoiyiiay a?aiaie, eiee-
/anoai iaeiieaiee, a?aiy ?aaeno?aoeee) auae?atho a caaeneiinoe io oeia
niaeo?iiao?a, ?oeiaiaenoaoynue neaaeothueie niia?aaeaieyie:
– ioiioaiea neaiae-ooi, ecia?aiiia ii aiieeooaea iaoeaiiai neaiaea
aeey ?Y IAeICY, aeieaeii auoue ia iaiaa 10. I?e yoii ia aeieaeii
i?ienoiaeeoue
eneaaeaiea oi?iu niaeo?a ?IOe iaeo/aiiie yiaee;
8
AINO ? 22.3.04-95
– aiieeooaea iiaeoeyoeee iiey auae?aaony ia aieaa 4 An ai
ecaaaeaiea
eneaaeaiey oi?iu niaeo?a ?IOe;
– iiuiinoue iiaeaiaeeiie e ?aciiaoi?o NA* ii?aaeaeyaony oeiii
?aciia-
oi?a e auae?aaony a iaeanoe, aaea ia i?ienoiaeeo ianuuaiey neaiaea
?IOe
(ia aieaa 10 iAo).
6.3 I?iaa?eo aiioe, ioia?aiiuo aeey ?aciauaiey a ieo enneaaeoaiie
yiaee coaa, ia ionoonoaea ia?aceoiuo neaiaeia auiieiytho ia YI?-niaeo-
?iiao?a i?e iaeneiaeueiii oneeaiee niaeo?iiao?a n aua?aiiuie iioeiaeue-
iuie ?aaeeiaie ecia?aiee i?e eciaiaiee aaee/eiu g-oaeoi?a io 1,9970 aei
2,0055.
7 I?iaaaeaiea ecia?aiee
Ecia?aiey YI?-niaeo?ia iiaeaioiaeaiiuo i?ia n oeaeueth
?ao?iniaeoea-
iie ioeaiee iiaeiuaiiuo a coaiie yiaee aeic inouanoaeythony a aeaa
yoaia:
onei?aiiui niiniaii n eniieueciaaieai ?Y IAeICY (yeni?ann-aiaeec) e n
ii?aaeaeaieai ?aaeeaoeeiiiie /oanoaeoaeueiinoe eaaeaeie enneaaeoaiie
i?iau
yiaee iaoiaeii aeiiaeo/aiey e iineaaeothuaai eeiaeiiai ?aa?anneiiiiai
aia-
eeca.
7.1 Ecia?aiea YI?-niaeo?ia i?ia.
7.1.1 Aiioeo n iiaeaioiaeaiiie i?iaie iiiauatho a ?aciiaoi?
YI?-niaeo?iiao?a, auaea?aeeaay iinoiyiioth aeoaeio iia?oaeaiee.
7.1.2 YI?-niaeo? enneaaeoaiie i?iau (?en.2) ecia?ytho a niioaaon-
oaee n ii?iaoeaiie aeieoiaioaoeeae ii yenieoaoaoeee YI?-niaeo?iiao?a.
7.1.3 YI?-niaeo? caienuaatho a iaiyoue YAI e iaeiia?aiaiii a
eaai?a-
oi?iue aeo?iae enneaaeiaaiee ii oi?ia niaeanii i?eeiaeaieth A.
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AINO ? 22.3.04-95
7.1.4 Ecia?aiea niaeo?ia yiaee, ia iiaeaa?aoaeny aeiiaeo/aieth,
ino-
uanoaeytho a ?aaeeia iaeiieaiey aeaiiuo a iaiyoe YAI a ?acoeueoaoa
iiiaie-
?aoiuo iiaoi?iuo ecia?aiee (aei 10 ?ac a caaeneiinoe io /oanoaeoaeueiin-
oe niaeo?iiao?a).
7.1.5 Eiio?ieue ca noaaeeueiinoueth ?aaiou niaeo?iiao?a
i?iecaiaeyo
iooai ia?eiaee/aneie ?aaeno?aoeee niaeo?ia YI? io ?Y IAeICY: /a?ac
5-10
enneaaeoaiuo ia?acoeia. Iioeiaeueioth /anoioo ?aaeno?aoeee niaeo?a ?Y
IAeICY
iaoiaeyo aeey eaaeaeiai niaeo?iiao?a eiaeeaeaeoaeueii iooai
ieieiecaoeee aei-
ionoeiie n?aaeiaeaaae?aoe/aneie iia?aoiinoe ioeeiiaiee iieacaiee io ?a-
ia?iie eeiee ?Y IAeICY i?e i?i/eo ?aaiuo oneiaeyo aai ?aaeno?aoeee.
7.2 Aeiiaeo/aiea i?ia yiaee coaia
7.2.1 Iinea ecia?aiey YI?-niaeo?a i?iao ecaeaeatho ec aiioeu e ii-
iauatho a niaoeeaeueioth eannaoo ni noaieaie ec oeaiayeaeaaeaioiiai
iie?u-
oey oieueiie 1a/ni_52_0, iaania/eaathuae oneiaey yeaeo?iiiiai ?aaiiaaney
a
i?ioeanna aeiiaeo/aiey i?iau ia onoaiiaea iaeo/aoaeueiie n
aooanoiaaiiui
enoi/ieeii aaiia-eceo/aiey ecioiiia Cs-137 eee Co-60.
7.2.2 Iaiaoiaeeioth aeico iaeo/aiey iaania/eaatho
niioaaonoaothuei
iiaeai?ii a?aiaie iaeo/aiey e ?annoiyiey io eannaou n i?iaie aei enoi/-
ieea aaiia-eceo/aiey. A eaaeaeii naaina ?aeiiaiaeoaony inouanoaeyoue
aei-
iieieoaeueiue eiio?ieue aeicu iaeo/aiey, iai?eia?, ii eiaeeaeaeoaeueiui
oa?-
iiethieianoeaioiui aeiceiao?ai, iiiauaaiui a eannaoo aianoa n
enneaaeoaiu-
ie i?iaaie, eee i?e iiiiue aooanoiaaiiiai ?aiaaiiiao?a.
7.2.3 Aaee/eia oaaa aeiiaeo/aiey ii?aaeaeyaony aaee/eiie aeicu
D_4y_0,
i?aaeaa?eoaeueii iaeaeaiiie a ?acoeueoaoa yeni?ann-aiaeeca aac
aeiiaeo/a-
iey, e ninoaaeyao (1-3)D_4y_0.
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AINO ? 22.3.04-95
7.2.4 Iinea eaaeaeiai iaeo/aiey i?iao auaea?aeeaatho a oa/aiea
nooie a
nooeeueiii oeaoo i?e oaiia?aoo?a 40_50_0 N, iinea /aai ecia?ytho
YI?-niaeo?
i?iau a niioaaonoaee n i. 7.1.
7.2.5 Ieieiaeueiia eiee/anoai oi/ae aeiiaeo/aiey ?aaii 4,
ieieiaeue-
iia eiee/anoai ecia?aiee a eaaeaeie oi/ea ia e?eaie aeiiaeo/aiey – 2.
N
o/aoii ecia?aiee i?iau ia?aae aeiiaeo/aieai ieieiaeueiia iauaa
eiee/anoai
nii?yaeaiiuo YI?-ecia?aiee eaaeaeie i?iau a eoiaa ninoaaeyao ia iaiaa
10.
7.2.5 Aeaiiiai eiee/anoaa yenia?eiaioaeueiuo oi/ae ia a?aoeea
(?en.1) aeinoaoi/ii aeey au/eneaiey iaoiaeii iaeiaiueoeo eaaae?aoia
aeinoi-
aa?iuo cia/aiee oaiaaina oaea iaeeiia (f) e aaee/eiu eiioeaio?aoeee
?IOe
(C_4i_0) a oi/ea ia?ana/aiey yenia?eiaioaeueiie e?eaie n inueth
i?aeeiao.
8 Ia?aaioea ?acoeueoaoia ecia?aiee
8.1 Eiioeaio?aoeeth ?IOe a enneaaeoaiie i?iaa yiaee N_4e_0,
a_5-1_0 au/eneytho
ii oi?ioea
N = N_4no_0 _5._0 E_4no_0 _5._0 ?_4no_0/I_4no_0 _5._0
I_4e_0/(E_4e_0 _5._0 P_4e_0) (1)
-1
aaea N_4no_0, E_4no_0, ?_4no_0, I_4no_0 – niioaaonoaaiii,
eiioeaio?aoeey ?IOe, a , eiyo-
oeoeeaio oneeaiey a ioiineoaeueiuo aaeeieoeao, ianna iaaanee, ia e
aiiee-
ooaea ?aia?iie eeiee R_41_0R_42_0 a ?Y IAeICY, ni, ii?aaeaeyaiay ii
?acoeueoaoai
ia?aaioee aai YI?-niaeo?a a niioaaonoaee n I?eeiaeaieai A;
I_4e_0, E_4e_0, ?_4e_0 – niioaaonoaaiii, aiieeooaea ?aia?iie
eeiee, ni, eiyo-
oeoeeaio oneeaiey, ianna iaaanee enneaaeoaiie i?iau coaiie yiaee, ia.
8.1.1 Aeey oaeianoaa au/eneaiee eneiiuo ia?aiao?ia e ioeaie eo ii-
?aaeaeaiey (iioneathony a?iiicaeeea ii?yaeee aaee/ei ecia?yaiuo
eiioeaio?a-
oeee ?IOe) yoe e iineaaeothuea ?an/aou neaaeoao i?iaiaeeoue, i?eieiay
aaee/e-
io eiioeaio?aoeee ?IOe a eniieuecoaiii ?Y IAeICY ca oneiaioth aaeeieoeo.
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AINO ? 22.3.04-95
8.2 Eiioeaio?aoeeth ?IOe (N_4j_0) a enneaaeoaiie i?iaa yiaee
ii?aaeaeytho
iinea eaaeaeiai yoaia iaeo/aiey (j) a niioaaonoaee n I?eeiaeaieai A.
8.3 Ii ?acoeueoaoai ecia?aiee N_4j_0 a oneiaiuo aaeeieoeao aeey
eaaeaeie
i?iau onoaiaaeeaatho niioaaonoaea yoeo aaee/ei cia/aieyi D_4j_0,
?aaiui
noiia?iie aeica aeiiaeo/aiey ia eaaeaeii yoaia, i?e yoii cia/aieyi
eii-
oeaio?aoeee, iieo/aaiuo aac aeiiaeo/aiey (N_4i_0), niioaaonoaotho
cia/aiey
D=0.
8.4 Aeey iieo/aiiiai oaeei ia?acii iaai?a ia? (N_4j_0,D_4j_0)
ninoaaeytho
o?aaiaiea eeiaeiie ?aa?annee
N_4j_0 = C_4o_0 + fD_4j_0,
(2)
ia?aiao?u eioi?iai (N_4o_0,f) au/eneytho ia YAI i?e iiiiue iaoiaea
iaeiaiue-
oeo eaaae?aoia (I?eeiaeaiea Ae).
8.5 Eneiiay ia/aeueiay aeica, iaeiieaiiay a enneaaeoaiii
ia?acoea,
ii?aaeaeyaony ii oi?ioea
D_4o_0 = C_4o_0/f (5)
8.6 ?acoeueoaou ecia?aiee aeic iaeo/aiey ioi?ieytho a
eaai?aoi?iii
aeo?iaea (eee a aeaea i?ioieiea) a niioaaonoaee n I?eeiaeaieai A.
9 Aeiionoeiay iia?aoiinoue eiio?iey
9.1 Iia?aoiinoue ecia?aiey ia/aeueiie aeicu iaeo/aiey i?iau
caaeneo
io iannu i?iau yiaee coaa, aaee/eiu ecia?yaiie aeicu, iia?aoiinoe cia-
/aiey eiyooeoeeaioia oneeaiey niaeo?iiao?a e /enea yenia?eiaioaeueiuo
oi/ae aeiiaeo/aiey. Iaoiaeeea ioeaiee iia?aoiinoe ecia?aiey ia/aeueiie
aei-
cu iaeo/aiey i?eaaaeaia a I?eeiaeaiee AE.
9.2 Ii?iu noiia?iie iia?aoiinoe ii?aaeaeaiey iiaeiuaiiuo a yiaee
aeic (i?e aeiaa?eoaeueiie aa?iyoiinoe 0,95) a niioaaonoaee n
ianoiyuei
13
AINO ? 22.3.04-95
noaiaea?oii e nouanoaothueie o?aaiaaieyie e eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiio
aeiceiao?e-
/aneiio eiio?ieth aiaoiaai eceo/aiey i?aaenoaaeythony a neaaeothuai
aeaea:
aeey aeeaiaciia aeic 0,05 – 0.1 A? iia?aoiinoue ia i?aauoaao
100%,
aeey aeeaiaciia aeic 0,1 – 0,2 A? iia?aoiinoue ia i?aauoaao
50%,
aeey aeeaiaciia aeic 0,2 – 0,5 A? iia?aoiinoue ia i?aauoaao
40%,
aeey aeeaiaciia aeic >0,5 A? iia?aoiinoue ia i?aauoaao
30%.
10 O?aaiaaiey aaciianiinoe
10.1 I?e ?aaioa ia YI?-niaeo?iiao?a iaiaoiaeeii auiieiyoue o?aaiaa-
iey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e ianeoaeeaaieth yeaeo?ionoaiiaie n aunieei
iai?yaea-
ieai.
10.2 NA* aaia?aoi? e NA* o?aeo aeieaeiu eiaoue ieioioth
ye?aie?iaeo,
ia aeiioneathuoth auoiaea NA* eceo/aiey a ie?oaeathuaa i?ino?ainoai.
10.3 Iaiaoiaeeii ia?aie/eoue i?aauaaiea iia?aoi?ia a ?annayiiuo ii-
eyo iiuiuo iaaieoiuo nenoai.
10.4 I?e ?aaioa n aoeaoiiii iaiaoiaeeii niaethaeaiea o?aaiaaiee
aaci-
ianiinoe, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo AINO 2603.
10.5 I?e ?aaioa n eaai?aoi?iie iinoaeie aeieaeiu niaethaeaoueny
o?aaiaa-
iey aaciianiinoe, i?aaeoniio?aiiua AINO 9147 e AINO 19908.
10.6 I?e ?acaeaeaiee yiaee coaia e aeaioeia aeieaeiu niaethaeaoueny
o?a-
aiaaiey aaciianiinoe, i?aaeoniio?aiiua AINO 22090.
10.7 I?e iaeo/aiee i?ia yiaee coaia ia eaai?aoi?iuo enoi/ieeao
aaiia-eceo/aiey neaaeoao niaethaeaoue i?aaeea oaoieee aaciianiinoe i?e
?a-
aioa n enoi/ieeaie eiiece?othuaai eceo/aiey, i?aaeoniio?aiiua
aeaenoaoth-
ueie Iniiaiuie naieoa?iuie i?aaeeaie. Naie iaeo/aiiua i?iau coaiie
yiaee ?aaeeaoeeiiiie iianiinoe ia i?aaenoaaeytho.
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AINO ? 22.3.04-95
I?eeiaeaiea A
Ioai?, o?ainii?oe?iaea e o?aiaiea ia?acoeia coaia
1 Oaeaeaiiue o iaoeeaioa ii iaaeeoeeineei iieacaieyi coa eeaaeoo
ia
2-3 /ana a 4%-e ?anoai? oi?iaeueaeaaeaea aeey iaacca?aaeeaaiey e caoai
ii-
iauatho a ioaeaeueioth oa?ioth aieinoue oeia iocu?ueea ec-iiae
iaieoeeeeeia.
Ia?acaoe nii?iaiaeaeaaony aieaoiui eenoii, caiieiaiiui
a?a/ii-noiiaoiei-
aii a niioaaonoaee n I?eeiaeaieai A.
2 I?e ioai?a coaia, ioi?aaeyaiuo ia YI?-aeiceiao?e/aneee aiaeec,
eneeth/athony ia?acoeu coaia n i?aeoe/anee noa?oaeny eee neeueii
iia?aae-
aeaiiie yiaeueth, a oaeaea n onoaiiaeaiiuie ia ieo iaoaeee/aneeie
ei?iiea-
ie. A neo/aa oaeaeaiey o iaoeeaioa ianeieueeeo coaia eo oiaeiauaatho
aian-
oa a iaeiie oa?iie aieinoe.
3 I?e o?ainii?oe?iaea i/a?aaeiuo ia?oee coaia n ianoa ioai?a aei
aiaeeoe/aneie eaai?aoi?ee aeieaeia auoue eneeth/aia eaeay-eeai
aa?iyoiinoue
eo ?aioaaiianeiai i?inaa/eaaiey a i?ioeaaeo?a aaaaaeiiai eiio?iey a
ay?i-
ii?oo.
4 Coau, iinooiathuea a aiaeeoe/aneoth eaai?aoi?eth,
?aeiiaiaeoaony
o?aieoue a oieiaeeeueieea a oa?iuo aieinoyo, caiieiyaiuo
aeenoeeee?iaaiiie
aiaeie. A i?ioeaiii neo/aa ec-ca aunuoaiey coaia iineaaeothuay
i?ioeaaeo?a
iiaeaioiaee i?ia, naycaiiay n ioaeaeaieai yiaee io aeaioeia,
noaiiaeony
cao?oaeieoaeueiie.
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AINO ? 22.3.04-95
I?eeiaeaiea A
Aieaoiue eeno
(nii?iaiaeeoaeueiue aeieoiaio e oaeaeaiiiio coao, i?aaenoaaeaiiiio
aeey ?ao?iniaeoeaiiai YI?-aeiceiao?e/aneiai aiaeeca)
1. Oaieeey, eiy, io/anoai
2. Aiae ?iaeaeaiey
3. Ianoi aeeoaeuenoaa
4. Ianoi aeeoaeuenoaa a ia?eiae aicaeaenoaey eceo/aiey
5. Oa?aeoa? ?aaiou (i?ioanney) a ia?eiae aicaeaenoaey eceo/aiey
6. Eiathueany naaaeaiey i i?ioanneiiaeueiii iaeo/aiee ii ianoo
?aaiou
7. Naaaeaiey i eieaeueiuo iaeo/aieyo coaia e aieiau (aeaeaeenue ee
e
neieueei ?ac ?aioaaiianeea nieiee) i?e iaaeeoeeineeo ianeaaeiaaieyo
(ii
enoi?ee aieacie e/eee ni neia iaoeeaioa)
8. Ia noaia ?aniieiaeaiey coaia e?oaeeii oeacaoue coa(u),
iai?aaeya-
iua aeey ecia?aiee. Oeacaoue e?anoii ninaaeiea ionoonoaothuea coau,
caac-
aei/eie – coau n ei?iieie (i?ioac)
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
——————————-
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9. Iiia? ?aaeno?aoeeiiiie ea?ou, enoi?ee aieacie
10. Iiia?, na?ey, aeaoa auaea/e (eai auaeai) ianii?oa eee
oaeinoiaa?a-
iey ee/iinoe
11. Iacaaiea (iiia?) iieeeeeieee eee aieueieoeu
12. Oaieeey E.I. a?a/a-noiiaoieiaa
iiaeienue
” ” _ _ _ _ _ 199 a. i.i.
16
AINO ? 22.3.04-95
I?eeiaeaiea A
Ioaeaeaiea yiaee io aeaioeia i?e iiaeaioiaea i?ia CY
Ioaeaeaiea yiaee io aeaioeia inouanoaeytho ianeieueeeie
niiniaaie.
1 Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiui yaeyaony iaoaie/aneee. I?e iiiiue
ai?iaoeiu ni niaiiuie aeiaciuie aieiaeaie ?acee/iie oi?iu iiae no?oae
aiaeu eee a aaiia iiae aiaeie i?iaiaeyo iieiia oaeaeaiea aeaioeia.
Noaiaiue i/enoee yiaee io aeaioeia eiio?iee?otho aecoaeueii ii eo
ca-
iaoii eiio?anoe?othuaio oeaaoo ia n?aca coaa: a ioee/ea io aaeie yiaee n
aieoaiaaoui eee na?iaaoui iooaieii aeey aeaioeia oa?aeoa?iu iaoiainoue
e
oeaao, iaiiieiathuee oeaao oa?ioiaaoiai aaeiai i?aii?a.
Aua aieaa io/aoeeai oeaaoiaay ?acieoea yiaee e aeaioeia
i?iyaeyaony
ii eo ?acee/iiio naa/aieth i?e i?iniio?a ia?acoea coaa ia aeieoey?iie
onoaiiaea n oeueo?aoeieaoiaie iiaenaaoeie.
2 Aieaa aeeeoaeueiay i?ioeaaeo?a ?acaeaeaiey naycaia n oeie/aneie
ia-
?aaioeie ia?acoeia. Aeey yoiai /anoe ?anieeaiiiai coaa, iie?uoua
yiaeueth,
iia?oaeatho a 30% ?anoai? NaOH e iiaeaa?aatho a iai ia?aaioea
oeueo?acaoeii
a oa/aiea 2-3 /ania. Iinea yoie ia?aaioee aeaioei noaiiaeony iyaeei e
eaaei iiaeao auoue oaeaeai aeiaciui ai?ii ec anao neeaaeie yiaee.
Auaeaeaiiay yiaeue i?ioiaeeo aoi?e/ioth ia?aaioeo oeueo?acaoeii a
30%
?anoai?a NaOH a oa/aiea 10-12 /ania iinea eciaeue/aiey i?iau CY a aaa-
oiaie eee oa?oi?iaie nooiea aei ?acia?ia ca?ia ~ 0,5 ii. Caoai iieo/ai-
iue ii?ioie 8-10 ?ac a oa/aiea 5 ieioo ia?aaaouaatho oeueo?acaoeii a
aeenoeeee?iaaiiie aiaea. Aeey oaeaeaiey iiaa?oiinoiuo aeaoaeoia CY
o?aayo a
10% eaaeyiiie (eee nieyiie) eeneioa 10-20 ieioo. Iinea /aai CY ouaoaeue-
ii i?iiuaatho ianeieueei ?ac a aeenoeeee?iaaiiie aiaea. Iieo/aiiay
i?iaa
CY nooao a aaeooia a oa/aiea ianeieueeeo /ania.
Noieue o?oaeiaieay i?ioeaaeo?a oeie/aneie ia?aaioee CY iicaieyao
oaea-
eeoue i?aeoe/anee iieiinoueth i?aaie/aneoth ninoaaeythuoth ec yiaee.
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AINO ? 22.3.04-95
I?eeiaeaiea A
Iaoiaeeea ia?aaioee ecia?aiiuo YI?-niaeo?ia yiaee coaia
Ia?aaioeo niaeo?ia YI? a eiiiuethoa?eciaaiiuo niaeo?iiao?ao ino-
uanoaeytho i?ia?aiiiui iooai n iiiiuueth iaeaoa ia?aaaouaathueo
i?ia?aii,
aoiaeyueo a iniiaioth i?ia?aiio oi?aaeaiey niaeo?iiao?ii. Aeey
niaeo?i-
iao?ia n auaiaeii niaeo?ia YI? ia a?aoiiino?ieoaeue eee naiiienaoe
ia?a-
aioeo niaeo?ia?aii inouanoaeytho a?o/ioth. A I?eeiaeaiee A i?eaaaeaiu
oc-
eiaua iiiaiou eae aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie nenoaiu ia?aaioee, oae e a?aoe-
/aneiai aa?eaioa ia?aaioee niaeo?ia a?o/ioth.
1 Niaeo? YI? caienuaatho oaeei ia?acii, /oiau oe?eia iecei- e au-
nieiiieueiuo o/anoeia niaeo?a, oaeaeaiiuo io noia?iiceoeee niaeo?a
i?aa-
ieee e ?IOe a 3-4 ?aca i?aauoaea oe?eio niaeo?a yiaee.
2 Ia?aae auaiaeii niaeo?a, caienaiiiai a YAI, ia
a?aoiiino?ieoaeue,
naiiienaoe eee i?eioa? niaeo? iiaeaa?aatho ia?aaioea a YAI n oeaeueth
ei?-
?aeoeee aaciaie eeiee I-I’ (ni. ?en.1). Iia?aoeey ei??aeoeee aaciaie
ee-
iee ninoieo a ono?aiaiee aa iaeeiia. Aeey yoiai e aua?aiiiio a niio-
aaonoaee n i.1 niaeo?o (ca eneeth/aieai o/anoea n noia?iiceoeeae niaeo-
?ia ?IOe e i?aaieee) iaoiaeii iaeiaiueoeo eaaae?aoia iiaeaiiytho
iieeiii
aoi?iai ii?yaeea, eioi?ue caoai au/eoatho ec niaeo?a. Ia ?en. A.1
i?aaen-
oaaeai ?acoeueoao auiieiaiey ei??aeoeee.
3 Aeey oiaiueoaiey ooiia yenia?eiaioaeueiue niaeo? iiaeaa?aatho
oeeo?i-
aie oeeueo?aoeee. N yoie oeaeueth eniieuecotho ?aeo?neaiue oeeo?iaie
oeeueo? n
neiiao?e/iie yeniiiaioeeaeueiie eiioeueniie oa?aeoa?enoeeie, eioi?ue
eia-
ao ioeaaie oaciaue naeaea ia anao /anoioao e ia aeaao caaea?aeee
neaiaea.
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AINO ? 22.3.04-95
Iioeiaeueioth iinoiyiioth a?aiaie oeeueo?a t iiaeae?atho
yenia?eiai-
oaeueii: aeey niaeo?ia ia?acoeia, iaeo/aiiuo aeicie D> 1 A?, t=500 in,
a
aeey D t_4oaae_0, oi nenoaiaoe/aneia ioeeiiaiea aeieaeii
o/eouaaoueny a
oi?ioea (AE.11).
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AINO ? 22.3.04-95
I?e iaee/ee aeaiiuo aoi?iai iaoiaea aiaeece?otho ?acoeueoaou m
i?ia,
ecia?aiiuo iaieie iaoiaeaie (m = 15). Aeey iieo/aiey ioiineoaeueiie
ioeai-
ee oi/iinoe ii?aaeaeaiey aeic ii coaiie yiaee au/eneytho m _4
_0?aciinoae
d(i) = D_41_0(i) – D_42_0(i) , aaea D_41_0(i)_4 _0- ?acoeueoao
ecia?aiee_4 _0ii iaoiaeeea, n
eioi?ie i?iecaiaeeony n?aaiaiea, D_42_0(i) – ?acoeueoao ii?aaeaeaiey
aeicu ii
coaiie yiaee. Ia iniiaaiee iieo/aiiuo aeaiiuo au/eneytho aaniethoiia
nen-
oaiaoe/aneia ioeeiiaiea:
_4- _5 _4 m
d =_5 _0 _7S_0 _4 _0d_4i_0/m
(AE.15)
_5i=1
Ia iniiaaiee iieo/aiiuo aeaiiuo iia?aoiinoue, ii?aaeaeythuoth
?anoiaeaea-
iea iaoiaeee, au/eneytho ii oi?ioea:
_7|\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
_7` _0 _7 /_0 _5m_4 – 2
_7s_0 _4d_7 _0=_7 / S_4 _0(d_4i_0 – d) _7/_0 (m – 1)
(AE.16)
_7?_0 _4 i=1
Anee t_4?an/_0
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