Eaeoeey 1: NAOA?IUE AeEAAAO
Aeeaaao naoa?iue i/aiue ?ani?ino?aiaiiia caaieaaaiea. Ei no?aaeaao io 2
aei 4% ianaeaiey. Ii aeaiiui aia?eeaineie noaoenoeee 50% aieueiuo
naoa?iui aeeaaaoii oie?aao io eioa?eoa ieiea?aea, io neaiiou (2 ianoi),
io aoa?ineea?ica eiia/iinoae, io ieaeiiao?eoa, io ii/aeaiaiiie aieacie.
Ino?ua ineiaeiaiey naoa?iiai aeeaaaoa
1. Aeeaaaoe/aneee eaoiaoeeaeic.
2. Aeia?iniiey?iay eiia.
3. Aeia?aeeeaiey.
Naoa?iue aeeaaao – yoi o?iie/aneia iieeyoeieiae/aneia caaieaaaiea,
eioi?ia oa?aeoa?ecoaony n oi/ee c?aiey ia?ooaiee aeia?aeeeaieae,
eaoaaieeciii aaeea, aee?a, e iacaaeneii io i?e/eiu yoe ia?ooaiey naycaiu
n iaaeinoaoeii einoeeia (aaniethoiui e ioiineoaeueiui). I?e naoa?iii
aeeaaaoa o?iaaiue aetheicu a e?iae iaoiuae aieaa 7,2 iiieue/e i?e
aeaooe?aoiii enneaaeiaaiee (*18 ia%).
Aeaeu naoa?iiai aeeaaaoa
1. Ia?ae/iue (eaeeiiaoe/aneee).
2. Aoi?e/iue (neiioiiaoe/aneee).
AOI?E*IUE NEIIOIIAOE*ANEEE NAOA?IUE AeEAAAO
Ano?a/aaony i?e iaoieiaee yiaeie?eiiie nenoaiu:
1. Aieaciue eee neiioii Eoeaiei – Eooeiaa (aieaciue o?iie/aneiai
ecauoea ei?oeciia).
2. Ae?iiaaaeey (ecauoie ai?iiia ?inoa).
3. Oaio?iiioeeoiia (iiooieue, eioi?ay i?iaeooee?oao a ecauoea
eaoaoieaieiu).
4. Neiioii Eiia (ia?ae/iue aeia?aeueaeinoa?iieci). Iiae aeeyieai
aeueaeinoa?iia oiaiueoaaony o?iaaiue eaeey, a ii iaiaoiaeei aeey
ooeeecaoeee aetheicu.
5. Aetheiaiiiia (iiooieue ec L-eeaoie ino?iaeia Eaiaa?aaina). Aieueiua
enoiuaiu, n ycaaie ia eiia/iinoyo.
Aoi?e/iue iaie?aaoe/aneee aeeaaao: iinea oaeaeaiey iiaeaeaeoaei/iie
aeaeacu, i?e ?aea iiaeaeaeoaei/iie aeaeacu (oaea e oainoa).
Aieaciue iaeiieaiey aeaeaca (aaiao?iiaoic). A ii?ia o?iaaiue aeaeaca a
e?iae ?aaoee?oaony iaoaieciii ia?aoiie nayce. AEaeaca ananuaaaony
aieueoa, /ai ioaeii, e iii iinooiaao a ia/aiue, iiaeaeaeoaei/ioth
aeaeaco, eiaeo:
O?eaaea: oaiiay eiaea, na?iai oeaaoa, oaaee/aiiay ia/aiue, naoa?iue
aeeaaao.
IA?AE*IUE NAOA?IUE AeEAAAO
Yoi iieeyoeieiae/aneia caaieaaaiea.
Auaeaeytho:
1. Einoeei – caaeneiue naoa?iue aeeaaao – aaniethoiay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue
einoeeia – 1 oei.
2. Einoeei – iacaaeneiue naoa?iue aeeaaao. I?ioaeaao n ioiineoaeueiie
iaaeinoaoi/iinoueth einoeeia. A e?iae o oaeeo aieueiuo einoeei a ii?ia
eee iiauoai. Iiaeao auoue n iaee?aieai e n ii?iaeueiie iannie oaea.
Einoeei – caaeneiue naoa?iue aeeaaao – yoi aooieiioiiia caaieaaaiea. A
iniiaa aai ?acaeoey eaaeao:
1. Aeaoaeo a 6 – 1 o?iiiniia, naycaiiue n nenoaiie IEA – Ae3, Ae4.
Aeaoaeo yoio ianeaaenoaaiiue.
2. Ae?onu naeiee, ei?e, eienaee, oyaeaeua no?anniaua neooaoeee,
iaeioi?ua oeie/aneea aauanoaa. Iiiaea ae?onu eiatho noiaeanoue n
aaoa-eeaoeaie. Ii?iaeueiay eiioiiay nenoaia i?ioeainoieo ae?onai. I?e
aeaoaeoa i?ienoiaeeo eioeeueo?aoeey ino?iaeia eeioioeeoaie. A-eeioioeeou
au?aaaouaatho oeeoioiene/aneea aioeoaea. aaoa-eeaoee aeaioo, e
?acaeaaaony iaaeinoaoi/iinoue au?aaioee einoeeia – naoa?iue aeeaaao.
Einoeei-iacaaeneiue naoa?iue aeeaaao eiaao aaiaoe/aneee aeaoaeo, ii
i?iyaeyaony aac aeaenoaey aiaoieo oaeoi?ia.
1. Aeaoaeo a naieo aaoa-eeaoeao e ia?eoa?e/aneeo oeaiyo. Nae?aoeey
einoeeia iiaeao auoue aacaeueiie e noeioee?iaaiiie (i?e o?iaia aetheicu
a e?iae 6,5 iiieue/e).
2. Oiaiueoaaony /oanoaeoaeueiinoue ia?eoa?e/aneeo oeaiae e aeaenoaeth
einoeeia.
3. Eciaiaiey a no?oeoo?a einoeeia.
Ia einoeei – iacaaeneiue aeeaaao aeeyao iaee?aiea. I?e yoii einoeeia
iaaei eeaoeai aieueoa, a aai ?aoeaioi?ia a eeaoeao ia oaaoaao.
Eeeie/aneea i?iyaeaiey
4 a?oiiu ia?ooaiee:
1. Iaoaaiee/aneea ia?ooaiey ia?ooaiea oaeaaiaeiiai iaiaia –
aeia?aeeeaiey, eaoaaieeci aaeea, eaoaaieeci aee?a.
2. Iieeiae?iiaoey, ia?eoa?e/aneay e aaoiiiiiay.
3. Iee?iaiaeiiaoey.
4. Iae?iaiaeiiaoey (aoa?ineea?ic).
Iaoaaiee/aneea ia?ooaiey
Ooieoeee einoeeia – ooeeecaoeey aieiieeneio e aetheicu ec ieue
/aeiaaea.
Oao?aaiaaiee/aneee ai?iii nieaeaao o?iaaiue aetheicu a e?iae. Aio
i?ioeainoiyo:
1. Aetheaaii. Noeioeii aeey aai nae?aoeee yaeyaony oiaiueoaiea o?iaiy
aetheicu a e?iae. Aeaenoaoao ca n/ao aeeeiaaiieeca. Oaaee/aiea aetheicu
a e?iae noeioee?oao ?aniaae aaeea, ec aieiieeneio ia?acoaony aetheica.
2. Ei?oecii – noeioee?oao eaoaaieeci aaeea e aetheiiaiaaiac.
3. Ai?iii ?inoa – niinianoaoao neioaco aaeea, aa?aaeao aetheico aeey
neioaca ?IE.
4. Aae?aiaeei – noeioee?oao ?aniaae aeeeiaaia, oi?iiceo nae?aoeeth
einoeeia.
Ii?iaeueiay eiioeaio?aoeey aetheicu a e?iae iaiaa 6,1 iiieue/e.
Iaeneiaeueiay a?aieoea a oa/aiea aeiy – 8,9 iiieue/e.
Aeaenoaea einoeeia
I?e iiauoaiiii eiee/anoaa aetheaaiia aetheica a eeaoeao ?anoiaeoaony
iaei, iiyoiio i?iieoeaaiinoue oiaiueoaaony.
Aieueiie aeaeoaony: ia aeaaeaeo, iieeo?eth (i?e NAe 1 – ai oeia),
oiaiueoaiea iannu oaea, iiauoaiea aiiaoeoa.
Iieeo?ey naycaia n oai, /oi i?e iiauoaiee eiioeaio?aoeee aetheicu aieaa
9 – 10 iiieue/e aetheica iiyaeyaony a ii/a. Iniioe/aneee aeeo?ac – iiiai
ii/e n aieueoei oaeaeueiui aanii.
AEaaeaea: oaaee/eaaaony iniiey?iinoue e?iae, noeioee?oaony oeaio?
aeaaeaeu. Oiaiueoaiea iannu oaea: eiio?einoey?iua oaeoi?u iaeaaeatho
eeiieeoe/aneei aeaenoaeai –> iiooaeaiea. Iiauoaiea aiiaoeoa: oae eae
oeaiue iaaeinoaoi/ii yooaeoeaii ooeeece?oao aetheico, noeioee?oaony
oeaio? aieiaea.
I?e naoa?iii aeeaaaoa 2 – ai oeia ?acaeaaaony iaee?aiea. oae eae
einoeeia aeinoaoi/ii aeey inouanoaeaiey eeiiaaiaca, Iaeiaei, o 5%
aieueiuo o?oaeii ?aoeoue, eaeie o ieo oei naoa?iiai aeeaaaoa.
IIEEIAE?IIAOEss
I?e/eiu:
1. Ia?aiay nenoaia einoeei – iacaaeneiay. Ia?acothony iniioe/anee
aeoeaiua aauanoaa (iai?eia?, ni?aeoie).
2. Ii?aaeaiea eaieeey?ia, niaaaeathueo e?iaueth ia?au.
AAOIIIIIAss IIEEIAE?IIAOEss
Oii?iay oaoeea?aeey, ii?aaeaiea AEEO: iiiinu, caii?u, eo /a?aaeiaaiea,
eiiioaioeey, caaea?aeea ii/e e i?.
IEE?IAIAEIIAOEss
A iniiaa iee?iaiaeiiaoee eaaeao 2 oaeoi?a:
1. Aeia?aeeeaiey + iaaeinoaoi/iinoue einoeeia.
2. Ianeaaenoaaiiue aeaoaeo.
Eciaiaiey a eaieeey?a: ooieuaaony aacaeueiay iaia?aia eaieeey?a.
O?eaeeiaeeoinoiaetheiciue iooue neioaca aeeeiaaia – einoeei –
iacaaeneiue. Ia?acoaony ioeiiieenaoa?eae – aetheo?iiiaay eeneioa. Anee
einoeeia iaei – oi yoio iooue ia no?aaeaao, a aeaaea oneeeaaaony.
Oaaee/eaaaony eiee/anoai neiaa aacaeueiie iaia?aiu ca n/ao
aeeeii?ioaeaeia. Ooieuaiea i?i?anne?oao,ioeeaaeuaathony oea?ei e
eaeeioeeou – eaieeey? aeaiao.
II?AAEAIEA II*AE
A ii/eao ?acaeaaaony aeeaaaoe/aneee aeiia?oeineea?ic, aeeaaaoe/aneay
iao?iiaoey, aeeaaoe/aneay ii/ea.
Ia ia?auo ii?ao ie /ai ia i?iyaeythony.
1. O oaeeo aieueiuo oaaee/eaaaony aioo?eeaieeey?iia aeaaeaiea a
eeoai/eao.
2. I?ienoiaeeo oaaee/aiea aaee/eiu eeoai/eiaie oeeueo?aoeee. A ii?ia
iia ?aaia 150 ie/iei, caeanue aea – 180-200 ie/iei.
3. I?ioaeio?ey. Nia/aea iaiinoiyiiay (o?aiceoi?iay). Iaaei naeaeaoue 3
– 4 enneaaeiaaiey. Nooi/iay iioa?y aaeea – aei 1-1,5 a/noo. Aieueiua ia
aeaeothony. Iinoiyiiay i?ioaeio?ey – 1,5 – 2,5 a/noo aaeea – nooi/iay
iioa?y. ?acaeaaaony a?oa?eaeueiay aeia?oaicey.
Iioa?y aaeea 4 – 10 a/noo – iao?ioe/aneay noaaeey. I?e iao?ioe/aneii
neiae?iia – aeiiaeueaoieiaiey, aeia?oieanoa?eiaiey, ioaee e i?.
Iiiaea aieueiua ia aeiaeeaatho aei o?iie/aneie ii/a/iie
iaaeinoaoi/iinoe, ii 1, 2 noaaeee OII nii?iaiaeaeathony iao?ioe/aneei
neiae?iiii: oaaee/aiea e?aaoeieia, iiauoaiea ii/aaeiu, oiaiueoaiea
eeoai/eiaie oeeueo?aoeee.
Iaaei eneeth/eoue ieaeiiao?eo. Oa?aeoa?ia aeeaaaoe/aneay ?aoeiiiaoey.
Aia/aea aieueiie ie ia /oi ia aeaeoaony. Iaiaoiaeeia eiinoeueoaoeey
ieoeenoa:
1. Aeeaaaoe/aneay oeaaiiaoey (?anoe?aiea aai).
2. Iee?iaiaa?eciu ia nao/aoea (aaeua e e?aniua oi/ee).
3. Ia nao/aoea iiaoo auoue e?iaieceeyiey. 2-e e 3-e ioieou ninoaaeytho
?aoeiiiaoeth.
4. I?ieeoa?aoeaiue ?aoeieo.
AeEAAAOE*ANEAss AeA?IIIAOEss
*aua ii?aaeaaony eiaea ieaeieo eiia/iinoae. Oa?aeoa?ii iiyaeaiea
ei?e/iaauo iyoai ia aieaie – iyoienoay aieaiue. Ia?acothony ycau ia ouea
aieaie, noiiu, ia oaeaiaao iaeueoeaa. Yoe neiioiiu iacuaathony
aeeaaaoe/aneie noiiie. i?iyaeythony io yca aei aaia?aiu, aieioue aei
aiiooaoeee.
AeEAAAOE*ANEAss EA?AeEIIAOEss
1. Auaaao eae neaaenoaea iee?iaiaeiiaoee.
2. ?acoeueoao iaoaaiee/aneeo ia?ooaiee.
O oaeeo aieueiuo: i?eaeooaiu oiiu na?aeoea, nenoiee/aneee ooi, ia YEA
ieceea, ieineea, eciyeaeo?e/aneea aieiu T.
I?e iee?iaiaeiiaoee ?acaeaaaony ie /ai ia iauynieiay aeia?o?ioey eaaiai
aeaeoaei/ea.
Aeey oaeeo aieueiuo oa?aeoa?ii: ia?ooaiea ?eoia na?aeoea (a?eoiee),
na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue.
AOA?INEEA?IC
*aua ?acaeaaaony o aieueiuo n naoa?iui aeeaaaoii 2 – ai oeia.
Einoeei yaeyaony oaeoi?ii ?inoa, einoeei noeioee?oao i?ieeoa?aoeeth
aeaaeeiiuoa/iuo aieieii a?oa?ee, noeioee?oao neioac oieanoa?eia, eioi?ue
ioeeaaeuaaaony a aeaaeeiiuoa/iuo eeaoeao a?oa?ee.
Eaeoeey 2: AeEAAIINOEEA NAOA?IIAI AeEAAAOA
Oaeoi?u ?enea aeey naoa?iiai aeeaaaoa
1. Iaee?aiea.
2. Ianeaaenoaaiiinoue.
3. Iaeiiyeoeaaua aeeciaoeu (anee iaeei n naoa?iui aeeaaaoii, ae?oaiai
iaaei ianeaaeiaaoue.
4. AEaiueiu, ?iaeaaoea e?oiiuo aeaoae.
Eaai?aoi?iay aeeaaiinoeea.
1. O?iaaiue aetheicu a e?iae aieaa 130 ia% (7,2 iiieue/e) –
enneaaeiaaoue aeaaaeaeu.
2. Anee o /aeiaaea iinea aaeu o?iaaiue aetheicu a e?iae aieaa 200 ia%
(11,2 iiieue/e).
3. Oano ia oiea?aioiinoue e aetheica (OOA).
4. Aetheica a ii/a (nooi/iay ii?oeey).
Iieacaiey e OOA
O?iaaiue aetheicu a e?iae iaiaa 130 ia% e oaeoi?u ?enea naoa?iiai
aeeaaaoa, niioonoaothuea caaieaaaiey.
1. Enneaaeiaaiea ia aetheico a e?iae.
2. Aei oanoa a oa/aiea 3 aeiae iiaeii anoue ana 300 a oaeaaiaeia a
aeaiue.
A aeaiue iaa?ocee – ia eo?eoue, ia aieiiaaoueny, ia i?eieiaoue anie?ei,
o?aioae, aetheiei?oeeieaeu.
Iaoiuae aieaa 130 ia%, auieoue 75 a a 200 ie aiaeu n eeiiiii, iioii 100
a aetheicu a 250 ie aiaeu n eeiiiii.
Eiaaea auyaeee aeeaaao, iaaei ?aoeoue, ia?ae/iue ii eee aoi?e/iue.
n?aaieoaeueiay oa?aeoa?enoeea
ECNAe (I oei) e EICNAe (II oei)I oeiII oei1. Eeeie/aneea
i?iyaeaieyIau/ii ino?ia ia/aei Eeanne/aneea neiioiiu : aeaaeaea,
iieeo?ey, neaainoue, oiaiueoaiea iannu oaea.Iinoaiaiiia ?acaeoea, /anoi
aneiioiiaoe/aneia oa/aiea.2. Iaee?aiea.Ia oa?aeoa?ii*anoi (70 – 80%
aieueiuo)3. Eaoiaoeeaeic*anoi?aaeei4. Oa/aiea*anoi eaaeeueiia i?e
iai?aaeeueiii ea/aieeNoaaeeueiia5. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue ea/aiey
einoeeiiiIaycaoaeueiiAeey aieueoeinoaa aieueiuo ia o?aaoaony.II.
Yieaeaieieiaey1. *anoioa15 – 20%80 – 85%2. IieIaeeiaeiai, e aeaiueiu e
ioae/eiu.*aua aeaiueiu3. Aic?ano ia/aea naoa?iiai aeeaaaoaAieueoeinoai
?aiaa 40 eao (aeeaaao thaaieeueiiai oeia).Aieueoeinoai iinea 40 eao.III.
Iaoaiaoiie/aneea eciaiaiey1. Ianna ino?iaeiaIaiaa 10%Oia?aiii
oiaiueoaia2. Ianna aaoa – eeaoieIaiaa 10%Oia?aiii oiaiueoaiaIV.
Eiioiieiae/aneea eciaiaiey1. Ia?ooaiea eeaoi/iiai eiioieoaoaO 35 – 40% a
ia/aea caaieaaaieyIaiaa 5%2. Aioeiaie?aaoe/aneea AIO 60 – 85% aieueiuo a
ia/aea caaieaaaieyAei 55% aieueiuo3. Iaee/ea ae?oaeo eiioiiuo
ia?ooaiee*anoiIa oa?aeoa?ii4. Aaiaoe/aneea eciaiaieyIaeeoeiIonoonoaotho
Aeeooa?aioeeaeueiue aeeaaiic
1. Ianaoa?iue aeeaaao. Oa?aeoa?iu aeaaeaea e iieeo?ey. Yoi aieaciue
iaaeinoaoea AAeA, au?aaaouaaaiiai aeiioaeaionii. Ooieoeee AAeA –
?aca?aaoeey aeeaeeinoe a i?aaiecia. I?e naoa?iii aeeaaaoa ii/e iiiai e
ieioiinoue aa aunieay. I?e ianaoa?iii aeeaaaoa oaeaeueiue aan ii/e iaiaa
1005.
2. Ii/a/iay aetheico?ey naycaia ni nieaeaieai ii?iaa aeey aetheicu. Iia
oia?aiiay e iaiinoiyiiay.
3. Aetheico?ey aa?aiaiiuo. Aetheica a ii/a i?e ii?iaeueiii o?iaia a
e?iae. Iaoiuae ieceee o?iaaiue aetheicu a e?iae, ii a ii/a anoue
aetheica (neaaeiaaoaeueii, ieceee ii?ia).
4. Auaeaeytho aeeaaao aa?aiaiiuo. Ieaoeaioa au?aaaouaaao iiiai
aioeeinoey?iuo ai?iiiia.
eeanneoeeaoeey
1. Eeeie/aneea eeannu:
1) Naoa?iue aeeaaao: (aieaa 7,2 iiieue/e) ia?ae/iue (I e II oeiu),
aoi?e/iue.
2) Ia?ooaiea oiea?aioiinoe e aetheica: n iaee?aieai, n ii?iaeueiie
iannie oaea.
3) Aeeaaao aa?aiaiiuo.
2. Aeinoiaa?iua eeannu ?enea, aeeaaaoe/aneay ianeaaenoaaiiinoue,
iaee?aiea, eeoea, o eioi?uo a i?ioeii auee ia?ooaiey oiea?aioiinoe e
aetheica; aeaiueiu, o eioi?uo ai a?aiy aa?aiaiiinoe auea aetheica a
ii/a, e i?.
Ino?ua ineiaeiaiey aeeaaaoa
1. Aeeaaaoe/aneee eaoiaoeeaeic.
2. Aeia?iniiey?iay eiia.
Aeeaaaoe/aneee eaoiaoeeaeic – ino?ia i/aiue oyaeaeia ninoiyiea, ec
eioi?iai naiinoiyoaeueii aieueiie ia aueaeao, nia?oue a oa/aiea 3 – 4
aeiae. Nia?oiinoue io AeEA – 5 – 6%.
AeEA – eeeieei-aeioeie/aneee neiae?ii n aunieei o?iaiai aetheicu a
e?iae, aetheico?eae, aeia?eaoiiaieae.
Nenoaiiue aoeeaeic –> iaacaiaeeaaiea –> eieeain. I?e/eia: ?aceee
iaaeinoaoie einoeeia e ecauoie eiio?einoey?iuo ai?iiiia.
NAOA?IUE AeEAAAO I OEIA
1. Iaaeeaaiinoee?iaaiiue aeeaaao I oeia.
2. I?ae?auaiea ea/aiey einoeeiii.
3. ?acaeoea AeEA ai a?aiy oyaeaeuo caaieaaaiee.
EEEIEEA AeEA.
1. ?acaeaaaony ioiineoaeueii iinoaiaiii. Ninoiyiea oooaeoaaony a
oa/aiea 1 – 2 nooie.
2. Ii oa/aieth AeEA ?acee/atho:
a) ia/eiathueeny AeEA – eaoiaoeeaeioe/aneee niii?.
a) eaoiaoeeaeioe/aneay eiia.
Ia/aei AeEA
1. Aieueiie a niciaiee.
2. AEaeiau ia neaainoue.
3. AEaaeaea e iieeo?ey au?aaeaiu a aieueoae noaiaie.
4. AEaeoaei/ii-eeoa/iue neiae?ii (aii?aeney, oioiioa, ?aioa iiaoo auoue
iiaoi?iuie, /anouie, o 40-60% – aiee a aeeaioa ec-ca iaacaiaeeaaiey.
Iauaeoeaiua aeaiiua
Eiaea e neecenoua nooea; neeueii oiaiueoaaony oo?ai? eiaee; caiao
aoeaoiia a auaeuoaaiii aicaeooa; aieueoia ooiiia aeuoaiea Eonniaoey,
iaoneiaeaiiia ?acae?aaeaieai a?oa?eaeueiie e?iae aoeaoiiii, pH > 7,2.
oaoeea?aeey; ia?anoaao aeai?anney OeIN (niii?); iiaeao ?acaeoueny
oee?eoeyoi?iue eieeain; aeoaieay iioa?y niciaiey (eiia).
?acaeaaaony ino?ay ii/a/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue, oae eae ?acei
oiaiueoaaony ii/a/iay oeeueo?aoeey.
pH oe?aioieneeic 90%
2. Eioeeueo?aoeaiay iooaeueiiiaoey e iooaeueiiieaaey 50%
3. Eioeeueo?aoeaiay aea?iiiaoey.
AeEOOOCIUE OIENE*ANEEE CIA
Aeaoaeo O-noi?anni?ia eaaeeo a iniiaa caaieaaaiey. *aua no?aaeatho
aeaiueiu io 20 aei 50 eao.
I?e/eiu: eioaeoeey, einieyoeey, oyaeaeue yiioeeiiaeueiue no?ann.
O-oaeia?u noeioee?otho A-eeaoee e au?aaaouaathony oe?ainoeioee?othuea
aioeoaea (TSaB). I?e ecauoea ei?oeciea ia?ooaaony eiio?ieue
O-noi?anni?ia.
TSaB naaeyony ia ?aoeaioi?u, iiyoiio aeaeaca iaoiaeeony iiae eiio?ieai
TSaB, iiyoiio ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacie au?aaaouaaaony aieueoa O3 e O4.
Noeioee?oao ?ino aeaeacu eiiaaea aei i/aiue aieueoeo ?acia?ia.
A ii?ia aan ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu 20 a. A n?aaeiai ianna iiaeao
oaaee/eaaoueny aei 600-800 a.
EIOEEUeO?AOEAIAss IOOAEUeIIIAOEss
(yeciooaeueie/aneee cia)
Iaoiaaiac: i?ienoiaeeo ii?aaeaiea ?ao?iaoeueaa?iie eeao/aoee.
1. N/eoatho /oi aioeaaiiay no?oeoo?a ?ao?iaoeueaa?iie eeao/aoee e
aioeaaiu ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu eiatho iauiinoue.
2. Iaaeaeo ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacie e ?ao?iaoeueaa?iie eeao/aoeie eiaaony
naie caieiooue eeioieaeiue e?oa.
3. Eaeao eioeeueo?aoeey aeaciaeaeaaoaeueiuo iuooe e a ieo aicieeatho
aeeno?ioe/aneea eciaiaiey.
EIOEEUeO?AOEAIAss AeA?IIIAOEss
I?ienoiaeeo oaaee/aiea iauaia i?aaeeaeaeueiie eeao/aoee. Noeioeyoeey
O-eeioioeeoaie. Iaeuecy nia?aoue eiaeo a neeaaeeo. Eiiaaea eiaea e?aniay
e ai?y/ay.
Oe?aieaeiua ai?iiiu iaeaaeatho oe?ieei niaeo?ii aeaenoaey:
1. ia ieoioiiae?ee – aeoeaaoeey, oaaee/aiea i?ioeannia ieeneeoaeueiiai
oinoi?eee?iaaiey, aeoeae?oaony oeeee E?aana, eeaoi/iia aeuoaiea,
oneeeaaaony aeaenoaea ia eaoaoieaieiu.
2. Oaaee/eaaaony eiee/anoai ?aoeaioi?ia.
O oaeeo aieueiuo oiaiueoaaony ooeeecaoeey yia?aaoe/aneeo aauanoa e
oaaee/eaaaony eeiieec.
Eaeoeey 4: CAAIEAAAIEss UEOIAEAeIII AEAEACU (i?iaeieaeaiea)
Ueoiaeaeiay aeaeaca iiaeao auoue oaaee/aia oia?aiii e aei ciaa 3-4
noaiaie.
I?e iaeueiaoeee ueoiaeaeiay aeaeaca iyaei-yeanoe/aneay ii
eiinenoaioeee, ii iiaeao auoue e ieioiay.
Eioa/uea io?eueaiea (= ninoaeenoue ooi). I?e aoneoeueoaoeee ec-ca
neeueiiai e?iaaiaiieiaiey – ninoaeenoue ooi.
Eeeie/aneea i?iyaeaiey oe?aioieneeica
1. I?iyaeaiey ni noi?iiu OeIN.
2. Eiaee,
3. Iuoa/iie nenoaiu.
4. Na?aea/ii-ninoaeenoie nenoaiu.
5. Aeac.
6. AEEO.
7. Eeioieaeiie nenoaiu.
8. Yiaeie?eiiie nenoaiu.
I?iyaeaiey ni noi?iiu OeIN
Aieueiua ia?aaeei noaoeeau e aaniieieiu, n auno?ie ?a/ueth,
?acae?aaeeoaeueiu, iaeae/eau, auno?i aeatho aieth neacai, o?aaiaeiu,
ia?aaeei ieioi niyo – yoi naycaii n ecauoi/iui aeaenoaeai eaoaoieaieiia
ia iica.
1 AEaeiau aieueiuo ia:
1. Ia oiaiueoaiea oiea?aioiinoe e oaieo. Ei anaaaea aea?ei. Yoi iioiio,
/oi a i?aaiecia iiiai ia?acoaony oaieiaie yia?aee. Ia?eoa?e/aneay
aaciaeeeyoaoeey – i?eniiniaeaiea e aea?a – iioeeainoue. Eiaea ai?y/ay,
aeaaeiay.
2. *oanoai aioo?aiiae ae?iaee e ae?iaeaiea ?oe (oa?aeoa?ai iaeeee
o?aii? auoyioouo ?oe, aae i?e cae?uouo aeacao),
I?iyaeaiey ni noi?iiu iuoa/iie nenoaiu
Au?aaeaiiay neaainoue i?eaiaeeo e oe?aioiene/aneie ieiiaoee.
Ni noi?iiu NNN
1. Oaoeea?aeey o 99% aieueiuo. Aieueiua iuouatho na?aeoeaaeaiea. *NN io
90 aei 150 oaea?ia a ieiooo. Yoa oaoeea?aeey iinoiyiiay e nio?aiyaony
aeaaea ai nia.
2. Eciaiaiea AAe: oaaee/aiea nenoiee/aneiai e nieaeaiea
aeeanoiee/aneiai – 160/60 e 140/50.
3. Aeia?o?ioey eaaiai aeaeoaei/ea – i?iyaeyaony oneeaieai aa?oooa/iiai
oie/ea. ?acia?u na?aeoea a ii?ia.
4. I?e aoneoeueoaoeee a?iieee 1 oii (oeiiathuee). Ooi nenoiee/aneee
eioaineaiue, a?oaue. I?e/eia – oaaee/aiea nei?inoe e?iaioiea.
Oe?aioiene/aneia na?aeoea i?eaiaeeo e oe?aioiene/aneie ea?aeeiiaoee.
Iaaeinoaoie aeoaieia A1, ia ia?acoaony eiea?aieneeaca, o oaeeo aieueiuo
na?aeoea iioiaea ia na?aeoea o aieueiuo n neiae?iiii aa?e – aa?e.
Yoi aoi?e/iay ea?aeeiiaoey.
*aua i?aaiaeaeoaei/eiaay na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue.
O iieiaeuo ethaeae /aua i?iyaeyaony oe?aioieneeic ni noi?iiu na?aeoea.
1. Ia?oeaoaeueiay a?eoiey.
2. Eaaiaeaeoaei/eiaay na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue – iaeuoea a iieia
eee i?e iaa?ocea, eaoaeue, e?iaioa?eaiea, oeeaiic, aeaaeiua o?eiu.
Neiioii neaainoe neioniaiai ocea o iiaeeeuo yoi aoa?ineea?ic a?oa?ee,
niaaaeathuae neioniaue ocae.
Yoio neiioii iiaeao caiacaeuaaoue i?e oe?aioieneeica, anee iao
oaoeea?aeee, a aeaaea ioia/aaony neeiiiinoue e a?aaeeea?aeee.
Oe?aioieneeic – yoi aoi?ay i?e/eia, i?iaioee?othuay neaainoue neioniaiai
ocea.
I?iyaeaiey ni noi?iiu AEEO
1. Oiaiueoaiea iannu oaea o 95 – 98% naycaii n eeiieecii e iiauoaiiie
aeoeaiinoueth eaoaoieaieiia.
2. Aiiaoeo oi?ioee.
3. *anoue nooe (io 2 aei 10 – 15 ?ac a nooee) aac oaiaciia e neece.
I?iyaeaiey ni noi?iiu aeac
Oa?aeoa?iu oe?aioiene/aneea neiioiiu.
?ao?aeoeey iuooeu – neiioii Eioa?a. Aaeay iieinea neea?u iaaeaeo
?aaeoaeiie iaiei/eie e aa?oiei aaeii.
Neiioii A?aoa (ni. ieaea).
Neiioii oe?ieie aeaciie uaee = neiioii Aeaeue ?eiiey.
Oaaee/aiea oiiona ?ao?iaoeueaa?iuo iuooe.
Aeane aeac.
Eeioaoe/aneay nenoaia
Eeioiaaeaiiiaoey eae i?iyaeaiey aooieiioiiiai caaieaaaiey.
Eiaea
Iiaoo auoue o/anoee aeaieaiaioaoeee.
Yiaeie?eiiay nenoaia
Oaaee/aiea iio?aaiinoe a ei?oeceea. ?acaeaaaony ioiineoaeueiay
iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia, oa?aeoa?ecothuayny au?aaeaiiie
neaainoueth, ooiieyaiinoueth, oiaiueoaieai aana, ieaiaioaoeee eiaee
(oaaee/aiea AEOA).
Eioeeueo?aoeaiay iooaeueiiiaoey – i iae noaeyo ii aiaoiaio aeaeo: ioae
aa?oiaai aaea.
I?e/eiu oe?aioieneeica
1. Aieaciue A?aana.
2. Oiene/aneay aaeaiiia ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu. Iniaaiiinoe: ia aoaeao
oiene/aneiai ciaa, iaeueie?oaony ocae a ueoiaeaeiie aeaeaca, /aua o
iiaeeeuo ethaeae. Aeiio?ioey e aeiiooieoeey ie?oaeathuae oeaie
ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu. Iniiaiua i?iyaeaiey ni noi?iiu na?aea/ii –
ninoaeenoie nenoaiu – i?enooiu noaiiea?aeee, eaaiaeaeoaei/eiaay
iaaeinoaoi/iinoue, ieeiaaea ia aoaeao eioeeueo?aoeaiie iooaeueiiiaoee.
Aeeaaiinoeea: O3 e O4 a ii?ia, OOA ieceee.
Iniiaiie oano – neaie?iaaiea ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu. Auyaeyaony
aeia?ooieoeeiie?othuee ocae.
I?iao n O3 iiaeeeui ethaeyi ia aeaeatho.
3. Iiiaioceiaie oiene/aneee cia.
Neiioii Ithioaaocaia (ineoe/aneay aieaciue aieacie), ueoiaeaeiay
aeaeaca ia oaaee/aia, iao aeaciuo neiioiiia, ieceee caoaao eiaea
ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacie.
Ineiaeiaiey oe?aioieneeica
Oe?aioiene/aneee e?ec – yoi ino?ia ninoiyiea n ?aceei oaaee/aieai
eaoaoieaieiia a e?iae n ?acei au?aaeaiiie iaaeinoaoi/iinoueth ei?u
iaaeii/a/ieeia. Yoi iiaeao auoue i?e oyaeaeii iaea/aiii oe?aioieneeica,
i?iaioee?oaony eioaeoeeae e no?annii.
Eeeieea
?aciauaiea ieeneeoaeueiiai oinoi?eee?iaaiey, oaaee/aiea aeoeaiinoe
eaoaoieaieiia, aunieay oaiia?aoo?a oaea (aieaa 39 a?aae.N), aieueoay
iioeeainoue, ?aae/aeoay oaoeea?aeey, ia?oeaoaeueiay a?eoiey n
oaoenenoieeae, na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue, ?aioa, aii?aeney, /anoue
aeeaeeee nooe, eieeain, iaacaiaeeaaiea.
Nai aieueiie ec oe?aioiene/aneiai e?eca ia aueaeao. Eaai?aoi?iuo
aeaiiuo, iauyniythueo eeeieeo iao.
Eaeoeey 5: EA*AIEA OE?AIOIENEEICA
Ea/aiea iiaeao auoue eiina?aaoeaiui e oe?o?ae/aneei. Eniieuecotho J131.
Oe?ainoaoe/aneea i?aia?aou:
a) i?iecaiaeiua iaoeeiaciea: ia?eacieee, iaoaoeeei, iaoeeiacie.
a) i?iecaiaeiua oeo?aoeeea.
Iaoaieci aeaenoaey
Iiaeaaeytho neioac oe?- e oao?aeiaeoe?iieia a ueoiaeaeiie aeaeaca.
Naycuaatho e eiaeoeae?otho ie?ieneaeaciua nenoaiu, eiioiiaeai?anneaiia
aeaenoaea neaaia.
I?iieeoeo?aoeee ia ia?eoa?ee oiaiueoaao i?a?auaiea O3 a O4.
I. Ia?eacieee
Oaaeaoee ii 5 ia. Nooi/iay aeica 30 ia (ii 2 oaaeaoee 3 ?aca a aeaiue).
Aeaenoaea ianooiaao nionoy 2-3 iaaeaee, oae eae a ueoiaeaeiie aeaeaca
anoue caianu eiaea e naycuaaiea ia?eieneaeaciuo nenoai i?ienoiaeeo ia
n?aco.
Aaoa-aae?aiiaeieaoi?u iacia/atho, iiea ia?eacieee ia ia/ae naia
aeaenoaea.
Ia?eacieee i?eiaiytho aei ianooieaiey yooe?aica. Ii ia aeaenoaoao ia
caoaao eiaea. Caoai ia?aoiaeyo ia iaiueoea iiaeaea?aeeaathuea aeicu.
Ii 2 oaaeaoee 3 ?aca a aeaiue, caoai 10 ia/aeaiue.
Iiai/iua yooaeou ia?eacieeea
1. E?aieaieoea.
2. AEaeoaei/ii-eeoa/iue aeeneiioi?o (ai?a/ue ai ?oo).
3. Aa?aioeioeeoic o 1% aieueiuo (iiauoaiea oaiia?aoo?u, caaieaei ai?ei
– i?ae?aoeoue i?eai i?aia?aoa). Iae?ioe/aneay aiaeia, oaiia?aoo?a
38-390N, a ia?eoa?e/aneie e?iae eaeeioeeoiiaiey 1000-800, iaeo?ioeeia
2-3%.
I?e aa?aioeioeeoica: i?aia?aou nieae eeoey. Eeoey ea?aiiao 0,3 3 ?aca
a aeaiue – oi?iiceo neioac oe?aieaeiuo ai?iiiia, ii aeaenoaea ai?acaei
neaaaa ia?eacieeea. Eniieuecotho oaeaea aioeaeioeee, aeoaieiu,
i?aaeiecieii, anee ia iiiiaaao eeoeaaay nieue.
II. aaoa-aae?aiiaeieaoi?u
1. Aiai?eeei io 30 aei 80 ia a n?aaeiai (iiaeao auoue io 20 aei 160
ia/noo – eniieuecoaony eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue iiaeai? aeicu.
2. O?aceei?. I?eiaiyoue, iiea ia ianooieo yooe?aic.
III. aeoaiei A1
I?eiaiyaony per os 50 ia 3 ?aca a aeaiue. Eee 6% ?anoai? ia?yioa?aeueii
1 ie aioo?eiuoa/ii a oa/aiea 2-3 aeiae, anee o aieueiiai /anoue nooe.
IV. Ia?oei?ao iao?ey
Aeiee?oao nenoaiu ia?aiina eiaea a ueoiaeaeiie aeaeaca. Nae/an aai ia
i?eiaiytho. Eniieueciaaeny a aeicao 200 ia 3-4 ?aca a aeaiue, oi anoue
aei 1 a a aeaiue. A caaeneiinoe io ninoiyiey aeico oiaiueoatho.
V. I?aia?aou eeoey iinea aa?aioeioeeoica: ea?aiiao eeoey (ni. auoa).
Anee oe?aioieneeic ia oyaeaeue, oi eniieuecotho aaoa-aae?aiiaeieaoi?u.
VI. I?aia?aou iai?aaie/aneiai eiaea – ?anoai? Ethaiey. 1923 aiae –
Aethia?: eiae aeiee?oao i?ioaieeoe/aneea oa?iaiou a (ueoiaeaeiie
aeaeaca, auno?i oiaiueoaaony o?iaaiue oe?aieaeiuo ai?iiiia. Oi?iiceony
neioac oe?aieaeiuo ai?iiiia, oiaiueoaaony caoaao eiaea. Aeieai
i?aia?aoaie iai?aaie/aneiai eiaea ia ea/ao.
Iieacaiey
1. Aa?aioeioeeoic, aieueiiai iia?e?otho.
2. Ia?aae iiaeaioiaeie e iia?aoeee.
C. Oe?aioiene/aneee e?ec.
4. I?e oyaeaeii oe?aioieneeica, eiaaea anoue oa?ica e?eca.
Iieacaiey e iia?aoeee
1. I/aiue aieueoay aeaeaca.
2. Iaaeinoaoi/ii iiaeaea?aeeaathueo aeic ia?eacieeea.
3. Anee ea/aiea aeeeony 1-2 aiaea aac ?aiennee.
Iianiinoue iia?aoeee
1. Iauee ia?eic.
2. Iia?aaeaeaiea ia?aueoiaeaeiuo aeaeac – o?aiceoi?iue aeiiia?aoe?aic,
o?iie/aneee aeiiia?aoe?aic.
3. Iia?aaeaeaiea ai?oaie (ineieinoue iina).
4. Aeiioe?aic.
I?e oiene/aneie aaeaiiia ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu iia?e?otho,
neaaeiaaoaeueii ono?aiytho oe?aioieneeic. Yoa iia?aoeey i?iua.
Iia?e?otho oaeaea iiiaioceiaaoue cia.
Ea/aiea eiaeii-131
I?ioeaiiieacaiey:
1. Iinea 35-40 eao aeatho ?aaeeiaeoeaiue eiae, a iieiaeii aic?anoa ia
aeatho, oae eae aaeee ?ene ?aea ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu.
2. Aa?aiaiiinoue.
3. Aieueiua n aeeooociui oiene/aneei ciaii aac ?aiennee (aieueoie cia).
Iieacaiey
1. Aieueiua noa?oa 35-40 eao n AeOC. Anee i?eiaiytho eiae-131, iaeuecy
iacia/aoue i?aia?ao iai?aaie/aneiai eiaea, oae eae aeiee?oaony
ueoiaeaeiay aeaeaca.
2. Naiue iiaeoiaeyuee aa?eaio ea/aiey oiene/aneie aaeaiiiu ueoiaeaeiie
aeaeacu – aieueiuo noa?oa 35-40 eao.
Ea/aiea oe?aioiene/aneiai e?eca
Aeeaaiinoeee oe?aioiene/aneiai e?eca iao. Auaaao oieueei o aieueiuo n
aeeooociui oiene/aneei ciaii.
1. Iai?aaie/aneee eiae. 50 eaiaeue ?anoai?a Ethaiey aioo?ue, i?e ?aioa
aaiaeyo /a?ac ciiae 3 ?aca a aeaiue, KI e NaI aioo?eaaiii.
2. Ia?eacieee aei 60 ia/noo.
3. Aaoa-aae?aiiaeieaoi?u. Aiai?eeei 2 ia aioo?eaaiii, ii ia?a
iaiaoiaeeiinoe iiaoi?eoue, ii o aieueiuo n IE iiaeao auoue na?aea/iay
iaaeinoaoi/iinoue, oiaaea aetheiei?oeeieaeu.
4. ?anoai? aetheicu ia oec.?anoai?a 5 e/noo eaiaeueii.
5. Aetheiei?oecii 100 ia aioo?eiuoa/ii /a?ac 6 /ania 4 ?aca a nooee.
Aioo?eaaiii aeae?iei?oeciia oinoao eee aaienoeoeeiao /a?ac eaaeaeua 6
/ania. Aeico aetheiei?oeeieaeia iinoaiaiii nieaeatho.
AEIIOE?AIC
Yoi iieeyoeieiae/aneee neiae?ii, a iniiaa eaaeeo iaaeinoaoi/iinoue
ooieoeee ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu.
1. Ia?ae/iue (oe?aii?eaiue) – a iniiaa eaaeeo caaieaaaiea ueoiaeaeiie
aeaeacu. Ano?a/aaony /aua.
2. Aoi?e/iue – a iniiaa – iaoieiaey ia?aaeiae aeiee aeiioeca.
I?e/eiu aoi?e/iiai aeiioe?aica
1. Neiioii Oeaaia (eee Oeoaia). O aeaiuei i?e ?iaeao n oyaeaeui
e?iaioa/aieai, eieeainii. Iinea?iaeiaie iae?ic ia?aaeiae aeiee
aeiioeca.
2. Iiooiee ia?aaeiae aeiee aeiioeca. Naie iie ai?iiiaeueii iaaeoeaiu,
aeaayo ia caei?iaoth /anoue.
3. Aaiio?iiaoic.
4. Na?eieaeic.
5. Iaoanoacu.
6. Ninoaeenoua caaieaaaiey.
7. Aooieiioiiua ia?ooaiey.
I?e/eiu ia?ae/iiai aeiioe?aica
1. Oioaeueiay eee noaoioaeueiay no?oiyeoiiey.
2. Iinea ea/aiey eiaeii-131.
3. Aieacey eee aeiiieacey UAE.
4. Aooieiioiiua oe?aieaeeou (aoi?ia ianoi ii /anoioa). cia Oaoeiioa
(1912 aiae – ia?aia iienaiea). aneiioiiaoe/aneee o?iie/aneee
aooieiioiiue oe?aieaeeo. Iao noeioeyoeee ?inoa ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu. Yoi
eaeeiiaoe/aneee aeiioe?aic (ia?aia ianoi ii /anoioa), yiaeaie/aneee cia.
5. Iaaeinoaoi/iinoue neioaca oe?aieaeiuo ai?iiiia.
1) Oiaiueoaaony aeoeaiinoue ieoioiiae?ee, nieaeaaony ia?aciaaiea oaiea.
2) Oiaiueoaaony aeoeaiinoue eaoaoieaieiia e aeoeaiinoue
neiiaoiaae?aiaeiaie nenoaiu.
3) Oooaeoaiea niaaaeaiey oeaiae eenei?iaeii.
Eeeieea
Eaaeee aeiioe?aic – aieueoa cyaioo, iaei aeoeaiu, no?aaeatho caii?aie.
*aua auaaao o iiaeeeuo ethaeae. ss?eee aeiioe?aic – ayeinoue, iao
eioa?ana e ie?oaeathuei niieeainoue, cyaeinoue, ineieinoue aieina,
ieceee aiein, auiaaeaiea aiein, eiiea iiaoae, nooay eiaea.
Au?aaeaiiue aeiioe?aic – ioa/iinoue eeoea. Iauaeoeaii – nooay,
oieiaeiay eiaea (iaei ia?acoaony oaiea, ?aoeaeoi?iay e eiiiainaoi?iay
aacieiino?eeoeey), auiaaeatho aieinu, eiieea iiaoe, ioeuen iaiaa 60’‘,
a?aaeeea?aeey, oiaiueoaiea nenoiee/aneiai a?oa?eaeueiiai aeaaeaiey,
iiauoaiea aeeanoiee/aneiai, nieaeaiea ioeueniaiai AAe.
Ni noi?iiu na?aeoea – anee iao neecenoiai ioaea, oi ie/aai no?aoiiai.
Anee a ia?eea?aea aeeaeeinoue, oi ?aioaaiieiae/anee e ia?eooi?ii
oaaee/eaaaony na?aeoea, ieceee aieueoaae ia YEA.
Ieeieaeaoeaoiciia na?aeoea: a?aaeeea?aeey, aeooea oiiu na?aeoea,
oaaee/aiea ?acia?ia na?aeoea, ieceee aieueoaae YEA.
Ni noi?iiu AEEO: nieaeaiea aiiaoeoa, aieueiua ia ooaeatho, oae eae
caii?u niinianoaotho eo/oaio ananuaaieth. Caiaaeeaiiue eeiieec. A
au?aaeaiiuo neo/ayo iiyaeythony ioaee aie?oa aeac, aoa. Neieinoue
aieina. Iaaeeeth/e/iua yiee naeaaeeaathony, ioa/iinoue eenoae, noii.
Iiaoo auoue ioaee a iieinoyo, ii oiaeo neooiaiai ia?aa e i?.
Aaiac ieenaaeaiu
1 Iaoaieci: Oaaee/eaaaony aeoeaiinoue iacaioeiaeueiie oeaie,
oaaee/eaaaony aeoeaiinoue aiaeieaeeina?iie e aethei?iii- aie eeneio.
2 Iaoaieci: ecauoie OOA.
Eaai?aoi?iua aeaiiua
1. Oaaee/aiea o?iaiy OOA a e?iae (O3 e O4 a ii?ia) – 100%-e aeeaaiic
ia?ae/iiai aeiioe?aica.
2. Oiaiueoaiea O3 e O4, oaaee/aiea OOA, caoaao eiaea ieaea 15% – ieaea
ii?iu.
3. Oiaiueoaaony ia?aciaaiea oieanoa?eia, ii eaoaaieece?oaony ii aua
iaiueoa, aeia?oieanoa?eiaiey.
4. Aeiio?iiiay e ii?iio?iiiay aiaiey. A12-aeaoeoeeoiay aiaiey, eiaaea
eiaaony aooieiioiiia caaieaaaiea UAE.
Aoi?e/iue aeiioe?aic
Eeeieea: eae i?aaeei ia auaaao oyaeaeie. Oa?aeoa?iu aieiaiua aiee,
ia?ooaiey c?aiey. AEaeaca niiniaia ooieoeeiie?iaaoue. ?aaeei auaaao
ieenaaeaia (oieueei, anee ?acei nieaeaii eie-ai 73 e O4. Ae?oaea
yiaeie?eiiua aeaeacu ooieoeeiie?otho ia ii?iaeueii:
1. Ia?ooaiea ooieoeee iieiauo aeaeac (aieii??ay, eiiioaioeey,
aanieiaeea).
2. Iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ae?oaeo o?iiiuo ai?iiiia – iiooaeaiea, nieaeaiea
aiiaoeoa.
Eaai?aoi?iua aeaiiua
Oiaiueoaiea O3 e O4. ieceee caoaao eiaea, oiaiueoaiea OOA.
Ea/aiea aeiioe?aica
Caianoeoaeueiay oa?aiey oe?aieaeiuie ai?iiiaie. Oe?aieaeei – aunooaiiue
i?aia?ao UAE. Eaaioe?ienei – neioaoe/aneee i?aia?ao. O?eeiaeoe?iiei –
neioaoe/aneee. Ia/eiatho ea/aiea n iaaieueoeo aeic. 0,05 ia
eaaioe?ieneia, 10 iea 2-4 ?aca/noo – auaiaeeony i/aiue auno?i.
Iieiay caianoeoaeueiay aeica: eaaioe?ienei 0,15 ia, o?eeiaeoe?iiei 0,18
a. oe?aieaeei 0,18 ia.
Iniiaiie iaiai +/- 10 %, o iiaeeeuo ethaeae iniiaiie iaiai 1%, oae eae
iiaeao ?acaeoueny EAN.
Eaaioe?ienei o iiaeeeuo 0,075 ia – caianoeoaeueiay aeica, ia/aeueiay
aeica ninoaaeyao 0,02 ia.
Eaeoeey 6: AIEACIE EI?U IAAeII*A*IEEIA
Iaaeii/a/ieee eiatho aan 5-6 a. eaaeaeue. 2/3 i?eoiaeeony ia ei?o, 1/3
– iicaiaie neie.
Anee oaeaeeoue iaa iaaeii/a/ieea, oi /aeiaae oie?aao. Ei?a
iaaeii/a/ieeia au?aaaouaaao 3 a?oiiu ai?iiiia:
1.Ieia?aeei?oeeieaeu – aeueaeinoa?ii, ooieoeey eioi?iai – ?aca?aaoeey
iao?ey. Au?aaaouaaaony a eeoai/eiaie ciia.
2. Aetheiei?oeeieaeu – ei?oecie.
3. Iaaeii/a/ieeiaua aiae?iaaiu – aeaaeae?icoeaeueaeinoa?ii – iaeaaeaao
aiaaiee/aneei naienoaii. Oanoinoa?ii e yno?aaeeie a iaeii eiee/anoaa.
1. Iee?iaaeaiiia aaaeao e oaaee/aiee i?iaeoeoeee aeueaeinoa?iia –
neiioii Aiia (1905 aiae) – ia?ae/iue aeia?aeueaeinoa?iieci. 2. Neiae?ii
Eoeaiei – Eooeiaa – ecauoi/iay i?iaeoeoeey ei?oeciea.
3. Aio?inoa?iia – iiooieue, a ecauoea au?aaaouaathuay oanoinoa?ii.
1923 aiae – iaeanneee a?a/ Eoeaiei iienae neiioii ecauoi/iie
i?iaeoeoeee ei?oeciea.
1932 aiae – Aa?aae Eooeia iienae 15 aieueiuo iinea iaoaiaoiiee. Ii
iaoae o yoeo aieueiuo iiooieue ia?aaeiae aeiee aeiioeca.
Neiioii – eiaaea ecauoie ei?oeciea.
Aieaciue – eiaaea anoue i?e/eia.
Yoi eeeieei – iieeyoeieiae/aneee neiioii, i?iyaeaiea eioi?iai yaeyaony
iacaaeneii io i?e/eiu ecauoie ei?oeciea.
I?e/eiu iiauoaiey ei?oeciea
1. AEOA iacaaeneiue neiae?ii Eoeaiei-Eooeiaa (yooiie/iue).
2. Aaeaiiia eee aaeaiiea?oeeiiia a ecauoea au?aaaouaathuay ei?oecie.
3. Yeoiie/aneee AEOA-neiioii. ?ae a?iioa, ?ae iiaeaeaeoaei/iie aeaeacu
au?aaaouaaao AEOA.
4. Iiaeiciay aeia?ieacey ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia (AEOA iaei). Caaieaaaiea
aooieiioiiia – au?aaaouaathony aioeoaea, noeioee?othuea ei?o
iaaeii/a/ieeia.
5. sso?iaaiiue Eooeia. O aieueiuo, aeeeoaeueii iieo/athueo ei?oecie
iaaeii/a/ieee aeiio?ioe?othony e oiaiueoaaony au?aaioea naiaai AEOA.
Yooaeou ei?oeciea
Yoi ai?iii, eioi?ue iaiaoiaeei aeey aaeaioaoeee i?aaiecia a iaiythueony
oneiaeyo ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu.
1. Eaoaaiee/aneee ai?iii. Niinianoaoao ia?aciaaieth aetheicu ca n/ao
oaaee/aiey aetheiiaiaaiaca iooai eaoaaieecia aaeea.
2. Ia eeioieaeioth oeaiue: ?aniaae aaeea a eeioieaeiie oeaie.
Eiioiiaeai?anneaiia aeaenoaea: oiaiueoaaony eiee/anoai O e
A-eeioioeeoia.
3. Ieia?aeei?oeeieaeiue yooaeo. Oaaee/eaaao ?aaani?aoeeth iao?ey a
iaiai ia eaeee e aiaei?iae, iiaeao i?eaanoe e oaaee/aieth AAe.
4. I?ioeaiainiaeeoaeueiia aeaenoaea.
5. Noeioee?oao y?eo?iiiyc.
6. Ia OeIN: ii?iaeecoao aeayoaeueiinoue.
AEaeiau
1. Oaaee/aiea iannu oaea. Iaee?aiea I-II noaiaiae. Aieueoiai iaee?aiey
ia auaaao. Ia?aaiiia?iia ?ani?aaeaeaiea iiaeeiaeii – aee?iaie eeao/aoee.
Neia-ai?aeiaua no?ee, iyoienoay i?aii?iay oiieay eiaea. Ia?aaeei ia
eiaea aaii??aae/aneee aeeaoac (ne iyee iiyaeythony eaaei, oae eae
ninoaeenoay noaiea noaiiaeony i?iieoeaaiie) . Eeoei e?oaeia e e?aniia
(oae eae oaaee/aii /enei y?eo?ioeeoia e oiieay eiaea).
2. Iuoa/iay neaainoue.
3. Aiee a iicaiii/ieea, oae eae oa?aeoa?ii ?acaeoea inoaiii?ica
(oiaiueoaiea aaeeieoeu einoiie oeaie iiae aeeyieai ei?oeciea –
oiaiueoaaony iao?een).
4. Iiauoaaony AAe, ei?oecie oneeeaaao aeeyiea eaoaoieaieiia.
Nenoiee/aneia aeaaeaiea iaiaa 200, aeeanoiee/aneia – aieaa 100.
Eaai?aoi?iua aeaiiua: e?iaue ia naoa? – naoa?iue aeeaaao, o 60% aieueiuo
ia?ooaaony oiea?aio- iinoue e aetheica.
5. Ineoe/aneea ia?ooaiey. Neiioii ineoinoaiee – aieueiua ieioi
eiioaeoiu.
6. Aeia?ea?aoic e iniaii??ay o aeaiuei.
Aeeaaiinoeea
Aeeaaiic noaayo aia/aea – neiae?ii Eoeaiei-Eooeiaa y?eo?ioeeoic,
eeioiiaiey (iaiaa 15%). A?oa?eaeueiay aeia?oaicey. Ia?ooaiea
oiea?aioiinoe e aetheica. Ii?aaeaeytho ei?oecie e?iae.
A ii?ia iaeneiaeueii AEOA e ei?oeciea a 6-8 /ania, ieieiaeueii – a
22-24 /ana.
I?e neiae?iia Eoeaiei-Eooeiaa oo?a/eaaaony ?eoi nae?aoeee ei?oeciea.
I?e yeoiie/aneii AEOA-neiae?iia iao iaee?aiey.
Anee aunieee AEOA e iao aeaiiuo ia iiooiee, oi aiai?yo i aieacie
Eoeaiei-Eooeiaa.
Eiiiuethoa?iay oiiia?aoey auyaeyao iee?iaaeaiiiu aeiioeca. A ii?ia
oo?aoeeia naaeei 1.2+1.5 ni. I?e iau/ii ?aioaaiieiae/aneii
enneaaeiaaiee iaia?oaeeaatho oaaee/aiea oo?aoeeiai naaeea. I?e EO
iaaeii/a/ieeia auyaeytho aa iiooieue.
Yene?aoeey ei?oeciea e 17 OCS a ii/a. 17 ieneoei?oeeinoa?ieaeu a ii?ia
iaiaa 5-6 ia/noo. 17 eaoinoa?ieaeu (aeaaee?iyoeaeueaeinoa?ii)
17 KS 10-12 ia/noo o aeaiuei e 15-18 ia/noo o ioae/ei. I?e Eooeiaa
oaaee/eaaaony 17 OCS aieaa 12 ia/noo.
I?iaa Eeaeaeea i?iaiaeeony anee anoue niiiaiey.
17 OCS 9,5 ia/noo.
10,5 ia/noo.
Aeaenaiaoacii 2 ia/noo 0,5 ia 4 ?aca a aeaiue 2 aeiy.
Ia 2-e aeaiue niae?aai nooi/ioth ii/o.
Ooieoeey iaaeii/a/ieeia oiaiueoaaony, neaaeiaaoaeueii OCS nieaeaaony ia
50% e ieaea, oiaaea yoi ia Eooeia (iaee?aiea, aeia?oiiey, aeeaaao).
I?iaa n 8 ia. Anee yoi AEOA-caaeneiue Eooeia, oi anee aieueiiio
aeaaaoue ii 16 oaaeaoie a aeaiue, ia 2-e aeaiue nia?aoue nooi/ioth ii/o.
Anee iiaeaaeee nae?aoeeth AEOA, oi yoi AEOA-ca aeneiue Eooeia.
Anee iiaeaaeaiey iao, oi auiieiyaony eiiiuethoa?iay oiiia ?aoey –
iiaeiciay aeia?ieacey.
Eeeie/anee i?e aieacie Eoeaiei-Eooeiaa, anee yoi aieueoay aaeaiiia:
oii?iua aieiaiua aiee, ia?ooaiey aeaciiai aeia (ioae ninea c?eoaeueiiai
ia?aa), oaiiay ie?anea eiaee.
Ineiaeiaiey
1. Ineoe/aneea ia?ooaiey.
2. Eiii?anneiiiua ia?aeiiu iicaiii/ieea.
3. Ieiea?aeeiiaoey.
4. Na?aea/iay iaaeinoaoi/ iinoue, ia?ooaiey ?eoia.
5. Iao?ieeoeac.
6. Iao?ieaeueoeeiic.
7. Ieaeiiao?eo.
Ea/aiea
1. Anee aieaciue Eoeaiei-Eooeiaa – aeiiaao ia?ae/ii aeiioec – oi
iaaei oaeaeyoue aaeaiiio.
2. ?aioaaiieiae/aneia ea/aiea (i?ioiiiaue io/ie).
3. Aaiia-oa?aiey.
4. Aeaonoi?iiiyy aae?aiaeyeoiiey + caianoeoaeueiay oa?aiey
ei?oecieii anth aeeciue. I?e no?anna oaaee/eaaaony iio?aaiinoue a
ei?oeciea, neaaeiaaoaeueii aieueiie caaeneo io aeicu. O 10% aieueiuo n
oaeaeaiuie iaaeii/a/ieeaie iiaeao ?acaeoueny neiae?ii Iaeueniia: aeiioec
iieiinoueth ?anoi?iaaeeaaaony e aaeaiiiu ?anooo n iaa?ieiae/aneie
neiioiiaoeeie, aieiaiuie aieyie a nayce n oaaee/aieai aioo?e/a?aiiiai
aeaaeaiey, oaiiia ie?aoeaaiea eiaee.
Ea/aiea neiioiiaoe/aneia
1. Ei??aeoeey aeia?oaicee. A?iie?eioei – i?aia?ao nii?uiuee iiaeaaeyao
iiaeaaeyao i?iaeoeoeeth AEOA, oiaiueoaao a?oa?eaeueiia aeaaeaiea
?aca?iei.
2. Ei??aeoeey naoa?iiai aeeaaaoa. Anee aai iao, oi ea/aiea iaee?aiey: –
?aoaaieee, – i?aia?aou E.
3. Ea/aiea ieaeiiao?eoa.
Anee yoi ia aieaciue, a neiae?ii Eoeaiei – Eooeiaa aaeaiiia ei?u
iaaeii/a/ieeia oaeaeyaony. A oa/aiea 7 – 8 ianyoeaa aieueiua iieo/atho
aetheiei?oeeieaeu, iiea ia ia/iao ooieoeeiie?iaaoue naie aoi?ie
iaaeii/a/iee. Ei?oecie 25 ia/noo.
Anee aaeaiiea?oeeiiio oaeaeeoue iaeuecy, oi i?aia?aou eniieuecotho aeey
iiaeaaeaiey neioaca ei?oeciea.
Oeiaeeoai 4 – 6 ?ac a aeaiue. Iiai/iua yooaeou: oioiioa, aii?aeney,
?aioa ia i?aaeioa?auaao iaoanoace?iaaiey e ?inoa iiooiee.
I?e aeaonoi?iiiae aeia?ieacee inouanoaeytho aeaonoi?iiithth
aae?aiaeyeoiieth.
Eaeoeey 7: IAAeINOAOI*IINOUe EI?U IAAeII*A*IEEIA
O?IIE*ANEAss IAAeINOAOI*IINOUe
EI?U IAAeII*A*IEEIA
Yoi iieeyoeieiae/aneee neiae?ii, ana i?iyaeaiey eioi?iai yaeythony
neaaenoaeai iaaeinoaoi/iinoe nae?aoeee ai?iiiia a e?iaue.
Ii i?e/eia o?iie/aneie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe ei?u II auaeaeytho:
1. Ia?ae/iay – no?aaeatho naie II.
2. Aoi?e/iay – naie II eioaeoiu, ii no?aaeaao aeiioec, iaei
au?aaaouaaaony AEOA.
IA?AE*IAss O?IEII
– aieaciue Aaeaeeniia. Iienaia a 1885 aiaeo Aaeaeeniiii.
I?e/eiu aeano?oeoeee ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia:
1. 20% – aei 20 – o aiaeia – ooaa?eoeac noiye ia 3 ianoa. Ii?aaeathony
iaa iaaeii/a/ieea, aieaa 90% oeaie ei?u II, neaaeiaaoaeueii eiathony
eeeie/aneea i?iyaeaiey eaoaiciiai ooaa?eoeaca i?e anao II (ei?eiaiai e
iicaiaiai neiaa).
2. Ia?ae/iay ao?ioey ei?u II. A iniiaa eaaeeo aooieiioiiue i?ioeann.
Ii?aaeaaony oieueei ei?a. ?acaeaaaony ?oaoeiaay oeaiue. ?aiueoa iacuaaee
– eaeeiiaoe/aneay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia. Nae/an yoi 70%
aieueiuo.
3. Aaiao?iiaoic. Ioeiaeaiea ecauoea aeaeaca a eeaoeao ei?u II e eo
aeaaeue.
4. Aieeieaeic.
5. Na?eieaeic.
6. Iaoanoacu ?aea a iaa II.
7. NIEAe.
8. Oaeaeaiu II.
Eeeieea: io iaau?aaeaiiuo i?iyaeaiee aei oyaeaeuo yaeaiee aieacie.
Iaoiaaiac: no?aaeaao neioac anao ai?iiiia ei?u II.
Oiaiueoaiea ei?oeciea
1. Yia?aaoe/aneee aiiainoac. Ei?oecie – aetheiei?oeeieae e noeioee?oao
aetheiiaiaaiac. I?e iaaeinoaoea ei?oeciea oiaiueoaaony ia?aciaaiea
aetheicu. No?aaeaao eeiiaaiac e eeiieec (iaei aee?iuo eeneio).
2. Aeaenoaea ia AEEO. No?aaeaao oa?iaioaoeaiay e nae?aoi?iay
aeoeaiinoue i?aaiia AEEO.
3. Oiaiueoaaony ?aaani?aoeey iao?ey, oiaiueoaaony aeaenoaea
eaoaoieaieiia.
4. Ia?ooaiey ni noi?iiu OeIN.
5. Ia?ooaiey ni noi?iiu ia?aaeiae aeiee aeiioeca – ecauoie AEOA.
6. Nii?ioeaeyaiinoue e no?anno oiaiueoaaony. A nooee a ii?ia
au?aaaouaaaony 37 ia ei?oeciea, i?e no?anna ca nooee ia?acoaony 300 –
400 ia.
Oiaiueoaiea aeueaeinoa?iia
1. ?aca?aaoeey iao?ey e aeeaeeinoe a i?aaiecia. Oiaiueoaaony
?aaani?aoeey iao?ey a aeenoaeueiuo eaiaeueoeao ii/ae, aeiiaieaiey,
oiaiueoaiea NA, aeiioiiey. *ai iaiueoa AAe, oai neeueiaa aeeyiea ia
ii/ee. I?a?aiaeueiay acioaiey: oaaee/aiea e?aaoeieia e ii/aaeiu. Yoi
iiaeao caeii/eoueny oieii.
2. Aeia?eaeeaiey, aoeeaeic, anenoieey. Oiaiueoathony iaaeii/a/ieeiaua
aiae?iaaiu. Ia?ooaiey oieueei o aeaiuei, oae eae o ioae/ei iieiaua
ai?iiiu au?aaaouaathony a iieiauo i?aaiao.
Eeeieea
?aiiea i?iyaeaiey – oao?aaea neiioiiia:
1. Ooiieyaiinoue, neaainoue e aa/a?o.
2. Nieaeaiea aiiaoeoa, aieioue aei aii?aenee.
3. Nieaeaiea iannu oaea.
4. Aeiioiiey: eaaea AAe a ii?ia, ecia?eoue aai iaaei neaey. Iiaeao
auoue oioiioa, ?aioa, aeea??ay.
Caoai i?eniaaeeiythony:
5. Ieaiaioaoeey eiaee (?aiueoa iacuaaee aieaciue a?iiciaie).
Ieaiaioaoeey aia/aea iiyaeyaony ia ioe?uouo /anoyo oaea, nineao,
?oaoeao, neeaaeeao eiaee, aoeaaeueiay ieaiaioaoeey – ia neecenouo uae,
aaeieue ei?iae coaia ia aeaniao. Ia eiaea iiaoo auoue o/anoee
aeaieaiaioaoeee – yoi auaaao i?e aooieiioiiuo ii?aaeaieyo II.
6. Iaeeiiiinoue e aeiiaeeeaiee – /oanoai aeo?iiou, aieiaiay aieue.
Iinea aaeu ninoiyiea oeo/oaaony.
7. *anoi aieiaie?oaeaiea e iaii?iee – i?oinoaoe/aneee eieeain.
Iiaeao auoue aeai?anney, eioi?ay iiaeao niaiyoueny
?acae?aaeeoaeueiinoueth. Iiaeao caeii/eoueny ineoicii. ?acei oooaeoaaony
ninoiyiea i?e no?anna.
O ioae/ei i?iyaeyaony oiaiueoaiea aiae?iaaiia ionoonoaeai aeneeey?iuo
aiein. O aeaiuei – aiaii?ay.
NEIAe?II IIEEAEAIAeOEss?IUO AOOIEIIOIUO IA?OOAIEE
1 OEI: aeiiia?aoe?aic aieaciue Aaeaeeniia, a?eaeiaia caaieaaaiea eiaee
e neecenouo, aeoeeeai, aeoeaiue aaiaoeo. Aeinoaoi/ii ni/aoaiee aeaoo
caaieaaaiee aeey aeeaaiica.
2 OEI: aieaciue Aaeaeeniia + oe?aieaeeo Oaoeiioa, NAe 1 oeia.
Yoi neiae?ii Oieaeoa – aieaciue Aaeaeeniia + oe?aieaeeo Oaoeiioa + NAe
1 oeia. Aeey iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey aeeaaiica i?iaiaeyo eeeie/aneee aiaeec
e?iae: ii?iio?iiiay aiaiey, oaaee/aiiia NIY i?e ooaa?eoeaca II, A12
aeaoeoeeoiay aiaiey – niioonoaothuaa caaieaaaiea. ecia?yaony o?iaaiue
ei?oeciea, AEOA e aeueaeinoa?iia a e?iae: ei?oecie nieaeai (oo?ii a
ii?ia 10 iea%). aeueaeinoa?ii nieaeai (aeiiiao?eaiey, aeia?eaeeaiey).
A ii/a 17 OCS iaiaa 2 a/24 /.
AEOA – auoa ii?iu.
Anee iao y?eie eeeieee, oi aeaeatho i?iao iaa?ocee ia II n uaeueth
ooi/ieoue ?aca?au II: ei?ioeee oano n neioaoe/aneei AEOA – neiieoai e
eiceio?iiei 25 AAe (0.25 ia) aioo?eaaiii eee aioo?eiuoa/ii. Niio?yo
ei?oecie /a?ac 30 eee 60 ieioo. Iaaethaeaaony i?e yoii oaaee/aiea a 5 e
aieaa ?ac – yoi aiai?eo i oii, /oi iao iaaeinoaoi/iinoe II.
Anee noeioeyoeee II ia i?ienoiaeeo, iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony aeeaaiic
iaaeinoaoi/iinoe ei?u II (auoa 10 iea% ia iiaeieiaaony).
N/eoatho eiee/anoai yiceiioeeia. Anee eo eiee/anoai oiaiueoaaony
aieueoa iieiaeiu a eaia?a Ai?yaaa iinea aaaaeaiey neioaoe/aneiai AEOA,
oi yoi ii?ia. Yoi i?iau Oi?ia.
AOI?E*IAss IAAeINOAOI*IINOUe EI?U IAAeII*A*IEEIA
I?e/eiu: iiooiee aeiioeca, neiae?ii Oeoaia – iinea?iaeiaue iae?ic
ia?aaeiae aeiee aeiioeca. na?eieaeic, aaiio?iiaoic, ninoaeenoua
caaieaaaiey, aieeieaeic, o?aaiu.
AEOA noeioee?oao i?iaeoeoeeth ei?oeciea, iaaeii/a/ieeiauo aiae?iaaiia e
i?aeoe/anee ia aeeyao ia ieia?aeei?oeeieaeu (aeueaeinoa?ii).
Oaeei ia?acii, i?e aoi?e/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe ei?u II oiaiueoaaony
o?iaaiue ei?oeciea e aiae?iaaiia. Aeueaeinoa?ii ia no?aaeaao.
Eeeieea
Ooiieyaiinoue, aeiioiiey (ia oyaeaeay), oiaiueoaiea aiiaoeoa,
oiaiueoaiea iannu oaea.
Ieeiaaea ia auaaao ieaiaioaoeee. I?ioaeaao ia oae oyaeaei, eae
ia?ae/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ei?u II.
Eaai?aoi?iua aeaiiua
Oiaiueoaiea ei?oeciea, ?aieiiaay aeoeaiinoue iiaeao eieaaaoueny,
ii iau/ii ii?iaeueiay, iao?ee e eaeee a ii?ia. AEOA ieceee.
Iiiiaaao a aeeaaiinoeea aiaiiac – neiae?ii Oeoaia,
Aeeooa?aioeeaeueay aeeaaiinoeea
1. Iieieiaey.
2. Iaeeaa?a.
Neiae?ii o?ao “Ae”: aeeiaioeey, aea?iaoeo, aeea??ay.
Ea/aiea
I?e ia?ae/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe i?e anao neo/ayo iacia/atho
aeae?iei?oecii a oaaeaoeao 0.25 a. N?aaeiyy aeica caianoeoaeueiay – 37.5
ia/24 /. Iaiaoiaeeii eiaeeaeaeoaeueii iiaeae?aoue aeico io 25 aei 50 ia.
Anee aeiioiiey aea?aeeony, oi aeiaaaeytho ieia?aeei?oeeieaeu:
oethae?aei?oecii 0.05 eee 0.1 ia per os. Iiai/iua yooaeou – na?aea/iay
iaaeinoaoi/iinoue e ioaee.
Caianoeoaeueiay oa?aiey anth aeeciue.
I?e no?anna (caaieaaaiea, yene?aoeey coaa e i?.) aieueiie aeieaeai
oaaee/eoue aeico aei 100-150 ia/noo. Anee i?aaenoieo iia?aoeey, oi
ea/eoue eae ino?oth iaaeinoaoi/iinoue.
I?e aoi?e/iie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe eniieuecotho aiaeia ei?oeciia =
i?aaeiecieii n?aaeiae aeicu 7.5 ia/noo. I?e no?anna oaaee/eaatho aeico
i?aaeiecieiia.
Eaeoeey 8: INO?Ass IAAeII*A*IEEIAAss
IAAeINOAOI*IINOUe
I?e/eiu
1. Iaaeeaaiinoe?oaiay e iaea/aiay ia?ae/iay eee aoi?e/iay o?iie/aneay
iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia.
2. Ino?ue eioa?eo ieiea?aea, einoeueo, no?ann, iiaaiiiey,
ae?oniua caaieaaaiey ia oiia o?iie/aneie iaaeinoaoi/iinoe ei?u
iaaeii/a/ieeia.
3. Aeeeoaeueiia ea/aiea ei?oeeinoa?ieaeaie (6ieaa o?ao iaaeaeue)
–> oiaiueoaiea au?aaioee AEOA –> ao?ioey ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia. I?e
?aceie ioiaia i?aia?aoa eee ?aceii oiaiueoaiee aeicu, i?e no?anna e
ae?oaeo (ni. i.2) – ino?ay iaaeinoa oi/iinoue ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia.
Iaiaoiaeeiu iiauoaiiua aeicu.
4. ?aaeei – iaieiiaieieeiaue nainen –> aaii??aae/aneee
neiae?ii: e?iaieceeyiea a oeaiue iaaeii/a/ieeia –> IIEI. Iiaeao auoue
yiaieey, o?iiaic ninoaeia iaaeii/a/ieeia –> eoaiey –> IIEI.
5. ?iaeaeaiea ?aaaiea n anoeeneae –> iioeiiuaaiea ii
yaiaeeoeai, i?ienoiaeeo e?iaieceeyiea a iaaeii/a/ieee.
6. Iai?aaeeueiia ea/aiea aieueiuo n aieaciueth Eoeaiei-Eooeiaa
(ia i?iecaiaeyo i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai aaaaeaiey aeeeiei?oeeinoa?ieaeia
ia?aae oaeaeaieai iaaeii/a/ieeia).
Eeeieea
Anee eiaaony OIEI – eeeieea niioaaonoaothuay, I?enoonoaotho iaeioi?ua
yeaiaiou IIEI:
1. Ia?anoathuay aeaaeae?aoaoeey: ae?ioeeaiic, aeaaeiinoue,
aii?aeney, aeea?ay, oioiioa, oii?iay ?aioa, ia i?eiinyuay iaeaa/aiey,
ino?ue aano?iyioa?eo (aa ii??aae/aneee), aiee a aeeaioa (ino?ue aeeaio).
2. Eieeain: aio?ey, i?a?aiaeueiay aciociey, oiaiueoaiea AAe,
ninoiyiea iaeooaiiinoe, aaeethoeeiaoeee, caoi?iiaeaiiinoue.
Aeeaaiinoeea
Aiaiiac: auynieoue oaeoi?u, eioi?ua oaaee/eaatho iio?aaiinoue a AEN,
Acioaiey, aeia?eaeeaiey ia YEA.
Aeeooa?aioeeaeueiue aeeaaiic
Aeeooa?aioee?otho n caaieaaaieyie, i?eaiaeyueie e oiaiueoaieth AAe:
ino?ue eioa?eo ieiea?aea.
Ae?oaea: ino?ue aeeaio, ineoe/aneea caaieaaaiey.
Ea/aiea
1. Aaaaeaiea aetheiei?oeeieaeia (AE, AEN). aeae?iei?oecie 100 ia
no?oeii, aioo?eaaiii, eaaeaeua 6 /ania iiae eiio?ieai AAe. Aeico iiaeii
oaaee/eoue. Caoai ii 50 ia, ia C-e aeaiue 50 ia 1 ?ac a 8 /ania, ia 4-5
aeaiue – 25 ia 1 ?ac a 8 /ania, aeaeaa – ia?i?aeueiay caianoeoaeueiay
oa?aiey. I?e oiaiueoaiee aeicu iiaeao auoue oiaiueoaiea AAe – aeiaaaeoue
ieia?aeei?oeeieaeu, oeth?aeiei?oecii 0.05-0.1 ia ia 3 i?eaia.
2. I?e iaaeeaiiii oaaee/aiee AAe: aeacieneei?oeeinoa?iia aoeaoao
aioo?eiuoa/ii 2-4 ie 0.5 ?anoai?a 1 ?ac a 4 /ana aei ii?iaeecaoeee AAe.
3. 5-10% ?anoai? aetheicu ia oeceieiae/aneii ?anoai?a. Ia?aua 3 /ana –
3 e ?anoai?a, a ia?aua nooee ieiei 5-8 e.
4. Aioeaeioeee: iaieoeeeeei 1 iei AAe o 6 ?ac.
5. Aeoaiei N.
CAAIEAAAIEss AEIIOECA
IAAeINOAOI*IINOUe AEIIOECA (IA?AAeIAE AeIEE)
I?e/eiu:
1. Iiooieue – iaoaie/aneia aeaaeaiea –> aeiiieooeoa?eci
(iaiei-aeiiu e ae?).
2. Ninoaeenoua caaieaaaiey: aaneoeeou, aiaa?ecia, e?iaieceeyiea.
3. Neiioii Oeaa?a – o ?iaeaieoe iinea e?iaiiioa?e eoaiey aeiioeca e
eae neaaenoaea – iae?ic.
4. A?aioeaiaoiciua caaieaaaiey: na?eieaeic, ooaa?eoeac, neoeeen,
iae?ieioaeoeee.
5. Iia?aaeaeaiea a ?acoeueoaoa iia?aoeee, eo/aaie oa?aiee.
Eeeieea
Aii?aeney, aanieiaeea, o ioae/ei – iieiaia aanneeea, aoi?e/iay OIEI e
i?.
Aeeaaiinoeea
?aioaaiia?aiia oo?aoeeiai naaeea (aai ?acia?u 1-2 ni – 1.5-1.7 ni). I?e
iiooieyo iiaeao auoue oaaee/aiea ?acia?ia. Iiyaeyaony neiae?ii
iiiaieiioo?iinoe.
Oiiia?aiia oo?aoeeiai naaeea, ssI?O, EO.
Eciaiaiea iieae c?aiey (aeaaeaiea ia ia?ae?anoie c?eoaeueiiai ia?aa),
aeeno?ioey c?eoaeueiiai ninea.
Enneaaeiaaiea o?iiiuo e ia?eoa?e/aneeo ai?iiiia: O3, O4, iieiauo, AEOA,
ei?oecie, aai iaoaaieeou a ii/a.
Ea/aiea
I?e iiooieyo i?eiaiytho iia?aoeaiia ea/aiea. Caianoeoaeueiay oa?aiey
(ia?eoa?e/aneeie ai?iiiaie (iieiaua ai?iiiu, oe?aieaeei, oe?ienei, AEN).
IAAeINOAOI*IINOUe CAAeIAE AeIEE AEIIOECA
Ianaoa?iue aeeaaao, oiaiueoaiea AAeA.
AAeA – noeioee?oao ?aaani?aoeeth aiaeu a eeoai/eao, iniiaiie
noeioeyoi? au?aaioee – iniiey?iinoue e?iae.
Aaniethoiue aeaoeoeeo – AAeA nianai ia au?aaaouaaaony. I?e/eiu –
aeano?oeoeey eeaoie, o?aeoa, ii?aaeaiea ?aca?aoa?a AAeA (oiaiueoaiea
AAeA a e?iae).
Ioiineoaeueiay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue: I?e ia?ae/iie ia/oanoaeoaeue-iinoe
?aoeaioi?ia o?oai/ae e eaiaeueoeaa iao?iia (aaiaoe/aneee aeaoaeo). I?e
yoie oi?ia eiioeaio?aoeey AAeA a e?iae a ii?ia.
I?e/eiu
1. Iiooiee aeiioaeaiona e aeiioeca.
2. Ninoaeenoua caaieaaaiey.
3. A?aioeaiaoiciue cia.
4. *a?aiii-iicaiaua o?aaiu.
5. Eiioiiiaoieiae/aneea ia?ooaiey (AO e iae?inae?aoi?iui eeaoeai).
Eeeieea
Iieeo?ey, aeaaeaea (aei 20 eeo?ia a nooee). Ninoiyiea noaaeeueiia.
Ec-ca iieeo?ee ia?ooaiey nia.
Eaai?aoi?iay aeeaaiinoeea: Auyaeaiea i?e/eiu, ii?aaeaeaiea o?iaiy
AAeA, enneaaeiaaiea ii/e: iiauoaiea nooi/iiai iauaia, ieceee
oaeaeueiue aan (1001-1005).
Aeeooa?aioeeaeueiay aeeaaiinoeea:
1. Naoa?iue aeeaaao: iiooaeaiea, neaainoue, oiaiueoaiea
aiiaoeoa e ae?, oaeaeueiue aan oaaee/eaaaony, aetheicaiey, aetheico?ey.
2. Iaa?iaaiiay iieeaeainey: i?iaa n nooiaaeaieai: ninoiyiea
oooaeoaaony, aeaaeaea, oiaiueoaiea AAe, iauai aeeo?aca ia iaaeaao,
oaeaeueiue aan ii/e ieceee –> ianaoa?iue aeeaaao.
I?iaa n ieooeo?eiii: i?e ianaoa?iii aeeaaaoa – oiaiueoaiea iauaia
aeeo?aca, oaaee/aiea oaeaeueiiai aana.
Ea/aiea
Aaeeo?ae?ei 50 ia 3 ?aca eio?aiacaeueii (aaeuoaoue). Aaeao?aoei –
eaiee a iin. oei?i?iiaieae 2 oaa. a aeaiue ia?aae aaeie. ii/aaiiiua:
aeiioeaceae (caaea?aeeaaao aiaeo) 50 ia 2-3 ?aca a aeaiue.
AE?IIAAAEEss
Oaaee/aiea NOA, /aua o aeaiuei.
I?e/eiu
1. Yiceiioeeueiay iiooieue n iaaeeaiiui ?inoii aac oaaee/aiey
aioo?e/a?aiiiai aeaaeaiey, o?iiioiaiay aaeaiiia (aieueoea ?acia?u),
niaoaiiay iiooieue (oaaee/aiea NOA, i?ieaeoeia) * Aaeaiiea?oeeiiia –
?aaeei. 90% – iee?iaaeaiiia .
2. Ecauoie niiaoieeaa?eia – iee?iaaeaiiia, oaaee/aiea NOA.
3. Iaaeinoaoie niiaoinoaoeia – oaaee/aiea NOA.
NOA – yoi 191 – aieiieeneioiue iaeiioeaii/a/iue aaeie. Noeioee?oao ?ino
einoae. Aeeyao ia eeieaeiue iaiai – noeioee?oao eeiieec. A ia/aie
neioace?oao niiaoiiaaeeaiu (ieiei 50) – einoeeiiiiaeiaiue oaeoi? ?inoa –
1 e ae?. Oiaiueoaaony /oanoaeoaeueiinoue ia?eoa?e/aneie oeaie e aetheica
(iniaaiii ii/ueth, iiae oo?i).
Eeeieea
1. Eciaiaiea eeoea, eenoae, noii.
Oaaee/eaaaony iauai iyaeeo oeaiae, ?anoao caaea?aeea aeeaeeinoe a
iyaeeo oeaiyo (ioae). Oaaee/eaaaony neioac niiaoiiaaeeaia – S –>
oaaee/aiea eiee/anoaa noeueoaoia a o?yuao –> ?anoao iauai. O aieueiuo
oa?aeoa?ii: oaaee/aiea iina, ooae, ieaeiae /aethnoe (eciaiaiea i?eeona,
oaaee/aiea i?iiaaeooeia iaaeaeo coaaie), oaaee/aiea iacooe iina,
aeia?o?ioe?othony aieiniaua naycee –> eciaiaiea aieina, ainiaeaiea
n?aaeiaai ooa, aunooiathuea iaaea?iaiua aeoae, neoeiaua einoe,
oaaee/aiiue caooei/iue aoai?, oaaee/aiea oe?eiu eaaeiie, noii,
iaeueoeaa.
2. Eciaiaiea eiaee: ieioiay, ia niae?aaony a neeaaeeo, a?oaua ai?icaeu
ia eeoea, ii?u ?anoe?aiu, naeueiinoue, oaaee/aiea iioiauo aeaeac,
iiauoaiiue ?ino aiein.
3. Eciaiaiea iuooe: aeia?o?ioey a ia/aeueiue iiiaio, caoai iuoa/iay
neaainoue.
4. Eciaiaiea einoae: oaaee/aiea ei?oeeaeueiiai neiy, ia?acothony
einoiua oeiu, oaaee/aiea iauaia o?yuae, aeia?o?ioey naycie –> ia?ooaiea
aeaeaeaiey a nonoaaao, aeaoi?iaoeey, aeaoeao?aoeey.
5. Eciaiaiea a?oaeiie eeaoee: eeoineieeic, ai/eiia?aciay n ?acaa?ioouie
?aaa?iuie aeoaaie, oaaee/aiea iaae?aaa?iuo i?iiaaeooeia, oiaiueoaiea
aaioeeyoeee –> a?iioeo, yioecaia, iiaaiineea?ic.
6. Na?aea/ii – ninoaeenoay nenoaia: aoi?e/iay aOO, aeia?o?ioey EAE,
e?oiiii/aaiaue ea?aeeineea?ic.
7. Naoa?iue aeeaaao (oiaiueoaiea ooeeecaoeee aetheicu oeaiyie),
oiaiueoaiea oiea?aioiinoe e aetheica.
8. Aioo?aiiea i?aaiu: oaaee/aiea ycuea, aeia?o?ioey nini/eia (iaaiyoiay
?a/ue), oaaee/aiea ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu, oaaee/aiea ii/ae, oaaee/aiea
naeacaiee, neiioii oaaee/aiey aioo?e/a?aiiiai aeaaeaiey (aieiaiua aiee).
Aeeaaiinoeea
Eeeieea:
1. Aecoaeecaoeey iiooiee: ?aioaaiia?aiia oo?aoeeiai naaeea, EO, ssI?O –
eciaiaiea einoae /a?aia e eeoea.
2. Iniio? aeaciiai aeia (neiioii aioo?e/a?aiiie aeia?oaicee).
3. Neiioiiu aeiiieooeoa?ecia (oiaiueoaiea ae?oaeo o?iiiuo ai?iiiia a
?acoeueoaoa naeaaeeaaiey eeaoie).
4. I?e ?aioaaiia?aiia iicaiii/ieea en/acaao oaeey iicaiieia,
?aioaaiia?aiia noiiu – oaaee/aiea iyoi/iiai aoa?a, ?aioaaiia?aiia eenoe
– oaaee/aiea aeenoaeueiuo oaeaia, ieinoaiaiea naycie a ianoao
i?ee?aieaiey e einoe (oeiu).
5. NOA a e?iae: a ii?ia 1,5 – 4 ia/ia. I?e ii?aaeaeaiiii ninoiyiee
iiauoaiea NOA iiaeao auoue eiiiainaoi?iui (eaoaeney, neiae?ii
iaeaani?aoeee, oee??ica ia/aie).
6. Iaa?oci/iua i?iau (i?e NOA 6 – 8 ia/ia).
7. Ii?aaeaeaiea NOA, o?iaiy aetheicu a e?iae: 75 a naoa?a ia noaeai
aiaeu, ii?aaeaeaiea NOA /a?ac /an. I?e ae?iiaaaeee NOA oio aea eee auoa
(a ii?ia aetheica oiaiueoaao au?aaioeo NOA). Oee?eaaeiinoue ia?ooaaony:
ia eciaiyaony eiioeaio?aoeey NOA a caaeneiinoe io a?aiaie nooie.
8. Eiinoeueoaoeey iaa?iiaoieiaa. iiaoo auoue ia?anoacee, aiee a
eiia/iinoyo, iioa?y /oanoaeoaeueiinoe (ec – ca iieeiaa?eoia:
?ac?anoaaony ia?eiaa?ee, ooiaeueiue neiioii – naeaaeaiea ia?aiiai noaiea
aeia?o?ioe?iaaiiuie nayceaie).
Aeeooa?aioeeaeueiay aeeaaiinoeea
Aeaaioeci – i?iii?oeeiiaeueiia oaeineiaeaiea (oaaee/aiea NOA),
aenaea?aioiue ?ino – NOA a ii?ia, aeia?o?ioe/aneay inoaia?o?iiaoey –
ieioiay eiaea, eciaiaiee nonoaaia eeoea e ooeiaeua iao. NOA a ii?ia.
Ea/aiea
I?e iiooieyo – iia?aoeaiia ea/aiea n o?aiaiaoeeae /a?aia. Ineiaeiaiea –
iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ia?aaeiae aeiee aeiioeca. Iiaeao auoue eio?aiacaeueiue
aeinooi iiae eiio?ieai ?aioaaia. Iaoaie/aneay aeano?oeoeey iiooiee,
eiaaoeyoeey iiooiee aeeaeeei acioii, eiieaioaoeey eainoeu n
?aaeeiaeoeaiui aauanoaii (1 ni io eainoeu – iae?ic).
Iaeo/aiea i?ioiiiaui io/eii iaeiyooaeoeaii. 5 – 6 oun. ?aioaai ia eo?n
(1 ?ac a 1,5 – 2 aiaea) ia aieaa 3 eo?nia.
Aaiia – oa?aiey i?e aieueoie iiooiee.
Eaea?noaaiiua i?aia?aou: a?iie?eioei 2,5 ia 2 – 3 oaa a aeaiue –> aei
10 oiaiueoatho i?iaeoeoeeth iiooieueth NOA, i?eai, anee iiooieue ia
iaeaeaia. Ea/aiea aeeeoaeueiia, a ni/aoaiee n ?aioaaiii.
I?iaiic
Aeaaii?eyoiia caaieaaaiea ?acaeaaaony iaaeeaiii.
Iaaeaaii?eyoiia: aeia?o?ioey, eciaiaiea a nonoaaao, naoa?iue aeeaaao,
eciaiaiea a na?aea/ii – ninoaeenoie nenoaia.
Iaaeaaii?eyoii i?e aeoeaiii ?inoa iiooiee, iieeiaa?eoa.
Eaeoeey 9: AEIA?IA?AOE?AIC E AEIIIA?AOE?AIC
AEIA?IA?AOE?AIC
Ia?aoai?iii – yoi iaeiioeaii/a/iue aaeie, ninoiyuee ec 84 aieiieeneio.
Neioace?oaony a ia?aueoiaeaeiie aeaeaca (a ii?ia eo 4). Auaatho
yeoiie?iaaiiua ia?aueoiaeaeiua aeaeacu – yoi oaeueoea ieiei 5 ii. Aan
anao ia?aueoiaeaeiuo aeaeac ieiei 10 a.
Ooieoeee ia?aoai?iiia
1. ?aaoee?oao e noeioee?oao neioac aeoaieia Ae3 a ii/ea
2. Iiaeaea?aeeaaao oinoi?ii – eaeueoeeaaue aiiainoac einoe e anaai
i?aaiecia.
3. Oi/ee i?eeiaeaiey – ii/ee. einoe, eeoa/iee.
A ii/eao noeioee?oao ?aaani?aoeeth eaeueoeey. A ia?ae/iie ii/a 10 oun.
ia Na. Oieueei 100 ia oa?yaony ni aoi?e/iie ii/ie. Oaaee/eaaaony
auaeaeaiea oinoi?a n ii/ie.
A einoe noeioee?oao noaieiaoth eeaoeo i?aaeoanoaaiieoeo, oaaee/eaaao
aeaenoaea inoaieeanoia, neaaeiaaoaeueii, oaaee/eaathony ?aci?aoeaiua
i?ioeannu, oiaiueoaaony niaea?aeaiea Na a einoe, oaaee/eaaaony auoiae
Na a e?iaue.
A eeoa/ieea oaaee/eaaaony ananuaaiea Na a 12/i eeoeo e aa?oiea ioaeaeu
oiieie eeoee.
Aeoaiei Ae3 e ia?aoai?iii aianoa oaaee/eaatho o?iaaiue eaeueoeey a
e?iae e ananuaaiea eaeueoeey a eeoa/ieea.
Aeoaiei Ae3 ia?acoao a eiaea ec oieanoa?eia iiae aeaenoaeai
oeueo?aoeieaoiaiai iaeo/aiey. Ia?acoaony 7 (II) oieanoa?ei, eioi?ue a
ia/aie i?aa?auaaony a aeae?ieneiieeeaeueoeeoa??ie + 25(II)Ae3. Ec ia/aie
iiiaaeaao a ii/eo, aaea a i?enoonoaee ia?aai?iiia neioace?oaony
aeeaeae?iiieeeaeueoeeoa??ie (1.25 – (II)2 – Ae3.)
Iiaeao ia?aciaaoueny y?ieaeueoeeoa??ie – aeoaiei Ae2, /aua yoi ieuaaie
aeoaiei Ae, ii neaaaa noeioee?oao ananuaaiea Na a eeoa/ieea.
Anee ii?aaeaia ia/aiue eee ii/ea, oi o?iaaiue Ae3 oiaiueoaaony.
Oiaiueoaiea o?iaiy Na a e?iae noeioee?oao neioac ia?aoai?iiia.
Oe?ieaeueoeeoiiei, ninoiyuee ec 34 aieiieeneio noeioee?oao a einoe
inoaiaeanou. Noeioee?oao ieia?aeecaoeeth einoe, oiaiueoaao Na a e?iae.
Ii?iaeueiia niaea?aeaiea Na a e?iae 2.25 – 2.55 iiieue/e.
Eiiece?iaaiiiai eaeueoeey 1.03 – 1.27 iiieue/e, oi anoue i?eia?ii 45%
io iauaai.
Ooieoeee eaeueoeey a i?aaiecia
1. Na ninoaaeyao 99% einoiie iannu.
2. Na noeioee?oao oa?iaiou aeey neioaca AOO, Na oi?iiceo AOO.
3. 7. 9. 10 oaeoi?u aeoeae?othony Na.
4. Ia?aii – iuoa/iay i?iaiaeeiinoue e aicaoaeeiinoue.
5. Oiaiueoaaony i?iieoeaaiinoue eeaoi/iuo iaia?ai, oi anoue yaeyaony
noaaeeecaoi?ii eeaoi/iuo iaia?ai.
6. Noeioee?oao au?aaioeo IN1, aano?eia, oa?iaioia iiaeaeaeoaei/iie
aeaeacu, einoeeia.
I?e/eiu ia?ae/iiai aeia?ia?aoe?aica
1. Aeia?iea/anoaaiiua aaeaiiiu iaeiie ia?aueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu.
2. Iiaoo auoue aaeaiiea?oeeiiiu.
3. Aeia?ieacey anao ia?aueoiaeaeiuo aeaeac ai?acaei ?aaea.
Eeeieea
Anee 3 iiieue e aieaa o?iaiy Na a e?iae, oi iaaei eneaoue
aeia?ia?aoe?aic. Iiaeao auoue 2 aa?eaioa eeeie/aneeo i?iyaeaiee:
1. N i?aeiouanoaaiiui ii?aaeaieai ii/ae (ii/aeaiaiiay aieaciue).
2. Iieeneiioiiiue.
1* Anee a aiaiiaca aeaonoi?iiiee iao?ieeoeac, aiee a iiynieoea,
yieciaeu ii/a/iuo eieee, iae?iaaiaoo?ey i?e OCE – eiie?aiaiou a iaaeo
ii/eao.
2* Eciaiaiey ni noi?iiu einoae. Oa?aeoa?ii ?acaeoea inoaiii?ica,
iaeaieaa oycaeiu o?oa/aoua einoe. Caoai ?acaeaaaony aaia?aeeciaaiiue
oea?icii – eenoiciue inoaeo: enoii/aiea ei?oeeaeueiiai neiy einoe, i/aae
noaia?einoaeueiie ?aci?aoeee einoe, iiyaeaiea eeno, caiieiaiiuo
aeaeyueieny inoaiaeanoaie.
Ia ?aioaaiia?aiia yoa einoue auaeyaeeo ei?e/iaaie iiooieueth –
?aciiaeaeaiea.
Eciaiaiey a aoa/aouo einoyo: nenoaiiue inoaiii?ic, ?uauee iicaiiee n
enoii/aiiie oaeeae, oiaiueoaiea auniou iicaiieia, – i?e oyaeaeuo neo/ayo
eiia/iinoe iiaoo aiooueny.
Oa?aeoa?ii: aiee a einoyo e iaoieiae/aneea ia?aeiiu.
Na iiaeao ioeeaaeuaaoueny a o?yua, oiaaea yeanoe/aneea naienoaa nonoaaa
ia?ooathony. Iiaoo auoue ioeiaeaiey a naycee e nooiaeeeey. Oa?aeoa?ia
ooeiay iioiaeea a nayce n ia?a/eneaiiuie eciaiaieyie a einoyo.
Ia?ooathony i?ioeannu ia?aii – iuoa/iie ia?aaea/e. O aieueiuo iuoa/iay
neaainoue, eioi?ay i?ia?anne?oao, caoaaouaay aa?oiea eiia/iinoe.
Eciaiaiey ni noi?iiu OeIN: caoi?iiaeaiiinoue, niieeainoue, nieaeaiea
iaiyoe.
Eciaiaiey a AEEO: oii?iay ycaaiiay aieaciue aeaeoaeea e 12/i eeoee, ia
iiaeaeathuayny ea/aieth iau/iuie i?aia?aoaie. Aieueiie iiaeao iiaeaiooue
io e?iaioa/aiey i?e ia?oi?aoeee ycau, o?iie/aneee iaie?aaoeo.
Eciaiaiey ni noi?iiu ii/ae: ii/aeaiaiiay aieaciue, o?iie/aneee
ieaeiiao?eo, iao?ieaeueoeeiic, ia?ooaiea ?aaani?aoeee aiaeu, oaaee/aiea
iniiey?iinoe e?iae, iieeo?ey. Yoi neiioiiu aoi?e/iiai ianaoa?iiai
aeeaaaoa, oaaee/aiea AAeA.
Iiaeao ?acaeoueny ii/a/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue e nia?oue io o?aiee.
Na iiaeao ioeeaaeuaaoueny a eaaeea, ieiea?ae, eiaeo (n ?acaeoeai
iae?ica eiaee).
Aeeaaiinoeea
O?iaaiue ia?aoai?iiia a e?iae a ii?ia. Iiauoai Na a e?iae (a ii?ia 2.25
– 2.55), iiieaeai oinoi? a e?iae (a ii?ia 0.69 – 1.25 iiieue/e).
Aiaiiac: iaaeinoaoie OOI, caaieaaaiey ia/aie, ii/ae e eae neaaenoaea
iaaeinoaoie aeoaieia Ae3, auaeaeaiea Na e ? n ii/ie.
A ii?ia 100 ia a nooee.
Oa?aeoa?ia aeia?eaeueoeeo?ey e aeia?oinoaoo?ey.
I?iaa n ?aaeoeaaie Noeueiiae/a.
Anee anoue ii?aaeaiea einoae a e?iae oaaee/eaaaony uaei/iay oinoaoaca.
Oaaee/eaaaony ienei?ieei a ii/a, oae eae aeoeae?othony inoaieeanou.
Oaeaeueiue aan ii/e, i?iaa Caiieoeeiai, iinaa ii/e, OCE ii/ae (eaiie,
iao?ieaeueoeeiic), aioo?eaaiiay o?ia?aoey, iaci?iay ?aioaaiia?aiia
iiaeao auyaeoue ioeiaeaiea Na a ia?aioeia aioo?aiieo i?aaiia, iiae
iee?ineiiii iiniio?aoue niioiioaiea inoaiaeanoia e inoaieeanoia,
aecoaeecaoeey iiooiee ia?aueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu.
Ineiaeiaiey
1. Ni noi?iiu ii/ae: ii/aeaiaiiay aieaciue, o?iie/aneee ieaeiiao?eo,
aoi?e/iue ianaoa?iue aeeaaao.
2. Nia?oue io iaie?aiiae?ica.
3. Ia?aeiiu einoae.
4. I/aaiaua eciaiaiey ieiea?aea, eeeieea eioa?eoa ieiea?aea.
5. Ino?ue aeia?eaeueoeeaie/aneee e?ec i?e o?iaia Na a e?iae aieaa 3,5
iiieue/e. Yoi o?aaioiay neooaoeey, aieueiua aeaeothony ia ?aceoth
neaainoue, oiaiueoaiea aiiaoeoa, niooaiiinoue niciaiey, neiioiiu ino?iai
aeeaioa, iieeo?ey, ?aioa, aeaaeaea ec – ca aeaaeae?aoaoeee.
Ia YEA: oaeeeiaiea eioa?aaea ?I, a?eoiee, aeieaaeu.
Aeeooa?aioeeaeueiay aeeaaiinoeea
1. Aoi?e/iue aeia?ia?aoe?aic. I?ienoiaeeo oiaiueoaiea Na a e?iae –
oaaee/eaathony IA a e?iae i?e caaieaaaieyo ii/ae, ia/aie.
2. Iaaeinoaoie aeoaieia Ae ec – ca oee??ica ia/aie, i?e ?aoeoa o aeaoae
e inoaiiaeyoeee o ac?ineuo. ?aioaaiieiae/aneay ea?oeia iaeia.
Oiaiueoaiea Na a e?iae, a i?e ia?ae/iii aeia?ia?aoe?aica – oaaee/aiea Na
a e?iae.
Ea/aiea
Iia?aoeaiia oaeaeaiea iiooiee. Iinea iia?aoeee iiaoo aicieeiooue
neiioiiu o?aiceoi?iie aeiieaeueoeeaiee. Ia 2-3 iaaeaea aeatho i?aia?aou
Na a aeicao io 2 aei 4 a a nooee a aeaea eaeoaoa eee aetheiiaoa per os a
oa/aiea 2-3 iaaeaeue 80 oun AAe.
Ea/aiea aeia?eaeueoeeaie/aneiai e?eca
A noaoeeiia?a aaiaeyo aei 2-3 eeo?ia oece/aneiai ?anoai?a, oo?inaieae
aeey oi?ie?iaaiiiai aeeo?aca (auiuaaiea Na) + i?aia?aou eaeey,
oe?ieaeueoeeoiiei 100-300 AAe a/i iaeiie?aoii. Aetheiei?oeeieaeu
(aeae?iei?-oeciia oinoao) aioo?eaaiii 80-120 ia, aioo?eiuoa/ii 100-120
ia.
I?e oiaiueoaiee oinoi?a a e?iae a oa/aiea 4-6 /ania oinoaoiue aooa?
aaiaeyo iaaeeaiii.
Aioeaeioeee – ieo?iieoeei aeiee?oao aeaenoaea inoaieeanoia –>
oiaiueoaao auoiae Na a e?iaue. 10 – 15 iea ia 1 ea iannu oaea, aaiaeyo
?aaeei, oae eae iiai/iia yaeaiea – eciaiaiey ni noi?iiu ooieoeee ia/aie,
iiaeao aucaaoue o?iiaioeeoiiaieth (Naiia /anoia – 2 ?aca a iaaeaeth).
AEIIIA?AOE?AIC
*aua anaai yoi o?iie/aneia caaieaaaiea.
1. Iiaeao auoue o?iie/aneia oa/aiea iaaeinoaoi/iinoe ia?aueoiaeaeiie
aeaeacu (ineiaeiaiea ?aiiaai iineaiia?aoeeiiiiai ia?eiaea ia ueoiaeaeiie
aeaeaca eee ae?oaeo iia?aoeaiuo aiaoaoaeuenoa ia oaa). Iiaeao auoue
eaeeiiaoe/aneee aeiiia?aoe?aic (aooieiioiiia caaieaaaiea). Yoi
caaieaaaiea iiaeao i?iaioee?iaaoue eo/aaay oa?aiey).
2. Ino?ue aeiiia?aoe?aic ai a?aiy iia?aoeee ia ueoiaeaeiie aeaeaca.
Eeeieea o?iie/aneiai aa?eaioa oa/aiey iaaeinoaoi/iinoe
I?aiaeaaeatho a einoyo i?ioeannu ioeiaeaiey Na, iiiai Na auaeaeyaony n
ii/ie, ia?ooathony i?ioeannu ananuaaiey Na a eeoa/ieea, iaaeinoaoie
aeoaieia Ae, iauee yooaeo – o?iaaiue Na a e?iae oiaiueoaaony.
Neeiiiinoue e noaei?iaai ?aciie noaiaie au?aaeaiiinoe: ia?anoacee
(iiaiaiea, aiee a eiia/iinoyo, ioaeaeueiua oea?eeey?iua iiaea?aeaaiey,
eioi?ua /anoi i/aiue aieaciaiiua), neiioiiu ne?uoie oaoaiee – a oa/aiea
2 ieioo iiyaeythony i?eciaee aeooa?neie eenoe, neiioii eiineie noiiu –
iiaeiyoea e naeaaiea iiae a eieaia, neiioii Ainoaea: o1o – i?e
iieiea/eaaiee iieioi/eii, o2o – noaei?iaeii nie?auathony iuooeu e?ueueaa
iina, o3o – nie?auaaony any iieiaeia eeoea, – neiioii Aaena:
iieiea/eaatho ii ia?oaeiiio e?ath i?aeou – noaei?iaeiia nie?auaiea –
iieiaeeoaeueiue neiioii.
ssaiua neiioiiu
?uaee ?io, eiineay noiia, oaoaie/aneay oeuaea, ?oea aeooa?a.
Iiaoo auoue eeiie/aneea e oaoaie/aneea noaei?iae.
Ineiaeiaiea: ino?ua i?enooiu noaei?ia, i?e yoii iiaoo auoue ia?aeiiu,
aiee a aeeaioa nianoe/aneiai oa?aeoa?a, ea?eiainiaci, ooiiia aeuoaiea,
niaci iaae?aaa?iuo iuooe e aeeao?aaiu. Iiaeao auoue inoaiiaea aeuoaiey.
Aeeaaiinoeea
Oiaiueoaiea o?iaiy Na a e?iae, oaaee/aiea o?iaiy oinoi?a a e?iae,
oaaee/aiea auaaaeaiey Na n ii/ie.
YEA: – eciaiaiea eioa?aaea IO, ia ?aioaaiia?aiia oaaee/aiea
ieia?aeecaoeee, o?aiaiiaeiiney: i?aiaeaaeaiea inoaiaeanoia,
ianeaaeiaaiea iaa?iiaoieiaee. I?e ino?ie oaoaiee ni. ia o?iaaiue Na a
e?iae e aiaiiac.
Aeeooa?aioeeaeueiay aeeaaiinoeea
Enoa?ey, yieeainey, iaoaaiee/aneee aeeaeic eae neaaenoaea oii?iie
?aiou, aeuoaoaeueiue aeeaeic i?e aeiiaaioeeyoeee, nei?ii Eiia (niio?yo
o?iaaiue eaeey a e?iae) i?e i?eaia aieueoiai eiee/anoaa uaei/ae.
Ea/aiea
I?e eaaeeo noaiaiyo caaieaaaiey aeinoaoi/ia caianoeoaeueiay oa?aiey.
I?e eiioeaio?aoeee Na 1.9 – 2 iiieue/e – I noaiaiue caaieaaaiey. Aei 1
– 5 a a aeaiue noeoeeiaoa eaeueoeey.
II noaiaiue – 1.7 – 1.8 iiieue/e. Na 4 a/noo e aeoaiei Ae 500 oun AAe 2
aeiy, iioii 80 oun AAe a oa/aiea 2 – 3 iaaeaeue eee aeaaeae?ioaoenoa?ie
2 – 4 ia/noo 2 aeiy, iioii iinoaiaiii oiaiueoatho aeico aei 1 ia.
I?e e?eca aieueiie aeieaeai auoue ainieoaeece?iaai a ?aaieiaoeeth:
aaiaeyo i?aia?aou Na, IA, aeoaiei Ae io 300 – 1000 IA ia?aoai?iiia a/i
iaeiie?aoii, oae eae auno?i ia iaai ia?acothony AO.
Aetheiiao Na 10% ?anoai? aioo?eaaiii no?oeii 10 ie.
500 ie aetheicu 5% + 10% 10 ie aetheiiaoa Na – eaiaeueii a oa/aiea 4 –
6 /ania. I?e yoii iiieoi?ii iaaethaeatho o?iaaiue Na a e?iae. Anee
o?iaaiue Na iiaeiyeny aei 2.2 iiieue/e, oi aioo?eaaiiia iinooieaiea Na
i?ae?auatho.
200 – 400 ia per os eaaeaeua 2 /ana a oa/aiea nooie i?aia?aou iaaiey.
25% noeueoaoa iaaiey 10 ie ianeyiue ?anoai?.
Aioo?eaaiii oei?eae iaaiey 0.25 iiieue ia ea iannu oaea.
Oei?eae aethieiey a aeaea aeaea, anee aieueiie aua iiaeao aeioaoue.
Aeoaiei Ae a aeica 4 ia/noo n iineaaeothuei oiaiueoaieai aei 1 ia.
Oaiiaa?aeoae e ae?oaea naaeaoeaiua i?aia?aou.
IAEAAEAIEA
Eaeoeey 1: Naoa?iue aeeaaao
– aoi?e/iue neiioiiaoe/aneee naoa?iue aeeaaao
– ia?ae/iue naoa?iue aeeaaao
Eaeoeey 2: Aeeaaiinoeea naoa?iiai aeeaaaoa
Eaeoeey 3: Ea/aiea naoa?iiai aeeaaaoa
– caaieaaaiey ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu
– aeia?oe?aic
– aeeooociue oiene/aneee cia
– eioeeueo?aoeaiay iooaeueiiiaoey
– eioeeueo?aoeaiay aea?iiiaoey
Eaeoeey 4: Caaieaaaiey ueoiaeaeiie aeaeacu (i?iaeieaeaiea)
Eaeoeey 5: Ea/aiea oe?aioieneeica
– aeiioe?aic
– aoi?e/iue aeiioe?aic
Eaeoeey 6: Aieacie ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia
Eaeoeey 7: Iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia
– o?iie/aneay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia (O?IEII)
– ia?ae/iay O?IEII
– neiae?ii iieeaeaiaeoey?iuo aooieiioiiuo ia?ooaiee
– aoi?e/iay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ei?u iaaeii/a/ieeia
Eaeoeey 8: Ino?ay iaaeii/a/ieeiaay iaaeinoaoi/iinoue
– caaieaaaiey aeiioeca
– iaaeinoaoi/iinoue aeiioeca (ia?aaeiae aeiee)
– iaaeinoaoi/iinoue caaeiae aeiee aeiioeca
– ae?iiaaaeey
Eaeoeey 9: Aeia?ia?aoe?aic e aeiiia?aoe?aic
– aeia?ia?aoe?aic
– aeiiia?aoe?aic
IAEAAEAIEA
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